WikiPilipinas: The Hip 'n Free Philippine Encyclopedia - New pages [en]

Megaworld Corporation

Smoochies — Wed, 15 May 2013 09:09:53 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''Megaworld Corporation''' is a property-based company which specializes in large-scale township developments in [[Metro Manila|Metro Manila's]] prime locations. Founded by its chairm...

The '''Megaworld Corporation''' is a property-based company which specializes in large-scale township developments in [[Metro Manila|Metro Manila's]] prime locations. Founded by its chairman and CEO,[[Andrew Tan]], a Filipino-Chinese businessman, the corporation is considered to be the leading developer of residential condominiums for the upper-middle and high-end market and office projects for the IT and business process outsourcing (BPO) industries.

Its communities have always been regarded as some of the most well-planned, well-designed and well-developed in the [[Philippines|country]]. To provide the very essence of “The Good Life”, its integrated townships do not only provide comfort and convenience but additional perks to make living highly enjoyable as well.

Considered as the country's largest residential condominium developer on top of being the top BPO office developer and landlord, Megaworld has launched more than 200 residential buildings, office towers, commercial centers and hotels.

==History==

In 1989, Filipino-Chinese businessman and Taipan Andrew Tan, founded Megaworld Properties and Holdings, Inc, which is into real estate development, leasing and marketing. At the beginning, Megaworld was marketed as a high-end residential developer of condominiums and office buildings.

It was in 1994 that the company spun-off Empire East Land Holdings, Inc. and focused on the middle-income market. In that same year, Megaworld went public under the stock symbol MEG. In 1996, the company started developing Eastwood and constructed office buildings to support the growing demand of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO). For its effort, Eastwood Cyberpark was designated a PEZA special economic zone, the first IT park in the Philippines to receive such distinction.

In 1999, the company was renamed to Megaworld Corporation.

==Board of Directors==
*[[Andrew Tan|Andrew L. Tan]], Chairman of the Board and President
*Katherine L. Tan, Director
*Kingson U. Sian, Director
*Enrique Santos L. Sy, Director, Vice President for Corporate Communications and Advertising
*Miguel B. Varela, Independent Director, Vice Chairman
*Gerardo C. Garcia, Independent Director
*Roberto S. Guevara, Independent Director

==Townships==

[[Image:Eastwood City.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eastwood City]]
===Eastwood City===
An 18-hectare “live-work-play” community which has become the favorite go-to place for fun-lovers and discriminating diners. It currently houses completed 15 luxury residential condominium towers, seven ongoing residential projects and nine high-end corporate buildings. It is home to around 20,000 residents and 103 office tenants and BPO offices.

Within Eastwood City is the country's very first IT park, the '''CyberPark'''. It is also the very first project to be granted the special economic zone status by the [[Philippine Economic Zone Authority]] (PEZA). CyberPark was designed to respond to the growing need for prime office spaces with facilities which can support extensive IT-based operations. Its building has 11 stories and a huge 28,900 square meters of office space.

The '''Eastwood Mall''' provides a complete shopping experience with four levels of commercial establishments within a modern setting. Its central park has a wide open area with a botanical garden and lagoon. Its mall section has several upscale boutiques, specialty shops, atrium, restaurants and cinemas.

The '''Eastwood Richmonde Hotel''' is a 10-story, first-class hotel which combined condominiums and hotel rooms. It has a total of 138 luxurious rooms and a complete line of facilities and amenities.

'''One Eastwood Avenue''' is a modern two-tower residential condominium with a combined total of 97 stories. It was designed to cater to young urban professionals and executives whose offices are in Eastwood City and nearby areas.

'''Global One Center''' is a business process outsourcing (BPO) building with 26 stories, 16 floors and a floor area of 32,000 square meters.

Eastwood City is still a work in progress. It is envisioned to be a community of 22 high-rise residential towers with 8,087 condominium units. It will host 270,000 square meters of top-grade office buildings and 60,000 square meters of entertainment and retail space.

[[Image:Forbes Town Center.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Forbes Town Center]]
===Forbes Town Center===
A five-hectare township project that features 12 residential towers that will house more than 3,552 units upon completion. The center, which is adjacent to the Manila Polo Club, the Manila Golf and Country Club and Forbes Park, offers a half-kilometer-long view of the nearby golf course.

'''Forbes Town Road''' is a high-end retail strip with 37 restaurants and shops to the residents of community's three Bellagio towers, six Forbeswood Heights towers and two Forbeswood Parklane towers.

The '''Eight Forbes Town Road Golf View Residences''' is a modern 53-story building which offers intimate views of the adjacent golf course. It also offers 16 different amenities in its seventh-level pleasure zone: infinity pool, landscaped roof gardens, outdoor spa, shallow pool with water jets, reflexology path, tai chi station and playground for children.

'''Burgos Circle''' is a leisure destination which caters to the younger, trendier crowd. It has establishments that allow young professionals to grab a quick lunch or breakfast before and after their call center shifts.

[[Image:McKinley Hill.jpg|thumb|right|200px|McKinley Hill]]
===McKinley Hill===
A 50-hectare township which is situated in Fort Bonifacio. It has over 4,713 condominium units in 34 residential condominium buildings, 482 residential lots and 300,000 square meters of office space.

The McKinley Hill offers a complete line of residential and office facilities and amenities with single detached homes, townhouses, condominiums, luxury residences, BPO office buildings, mall and events venue.

The '''18 and 20 Upper McKinley Road buildings''' offer BPO companies prime offices in two 10-story buildings that have a total of 17,142 square meters of space.

The '''8 Park Avenue''' is composed of two six-story towers each offering 10,800 meters of office space. In here, BPO companies are given the option to lease the whole structure to ease the strain on their operating costs.

The '''Commerce and Industry Plaza''' is a 15-story building which features open-plan floors with uninterrupted office space of up to 2,000 square meters. The [[Philippine Chamber of Commerce]] has its headquarters located in the said building.

The '''Venice''' is a residential project which captures its namesake's romanticism and grandeur. It features a man-made Grand Canal where residents and guests can enjoy rides in authentic gondolas which are steered by singing gondoliers while looking at reconstructed Venetian landmarks which are seen along the Canal's waterway. The Venice will also feature seven residential towers which will feature a ferro or the gondola's uniquely shaped iron head.
Other residential projects in McKinley Hill are the upscale '''McKinley Hill Village''', the Spanish-Mediterranean inspired '''McKinley Garden Villas''', the '''Stamford Executive Residences''', the Italian-themed '''Tuscany''' and the affordable yet luxurious '''Woodridge Residences'''. The '''Morgan Suites Executive Residences''' is a three-tower building designed for busy professionals.

Three international schools are located in McKinley Hill. These are the Chinese International School of Manila, the first English-Mandarin bilingual school in the Philippines; Enderun Colleges, a hospitality management school which is supported by the world-renowned Les Roches Swiss Hotel Management; and the Korean International School, the first Korean school in the country.

[[Image:Newport City.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Newport City]]
===Newport City===
A 25-hectare township designed to fully integrate luxury residences with prime office spaces and a world-class entertainment complex. It is located in [[Pasay City]], right across the new terminal 3 of the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]] (NAIA).

The '''Residential Resort''' is envisioned to house 16 medium-rise buildings with a total floor area of around 140,000 square meters.

The '''Palmtree Villas''' will showcase four 10-story luxury condominium buildings that are made mostly of glass with bedroom units which offer a refreshing view of gardens and recreational facilities.

The '''Newport City Cyberpark''' will house BPO offices, cargo logistics services and airline-related businesses that require proximity to the airport. The cyberpark houses the Star Cruises Centre which hosts the offices of Megaworld affiliate Travellers International Hotel Group Inc. and Genting Hong Kong, formerly known as Star Cruises Ltd.

'''Resorts World Manila''' is a 9-hectare project of AGI subsidiary Travellers International. Dubbed as the “Leisure Capital of the Philippines”, it features fine dining restaurants, a performing arts theater, shopping mall and three modern hotels: five-star Marriott Hotel, six-star all-suites Maxims Hotel and the budget-class three-star Remington Hotel.

[[Image:Manhattan Garden City.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Manhattan Garden City]]
===Manhattan Garden City===
A 5.7-hectare residential project that would seamlessly integrate with the mass-transit system in the metropolis. Located at the heart of [[Araneta Center]] in [[Cubao]], the largest single residential development in the country would have a total of 9,000 units upon completion. It has a 720-meter elevated garden walkway which connects the complex's 20 towers. It also has a direct link to the [[Light Rail Transit 2]] and [[Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3]] systems.

The said project aims to help bring back the former glory of [[Araneta Center]], to be an important center of activity in the [[Quezon City]] area.

[[Image:City Place- Binondo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|City Place-Binondo]]
===City Place-Binondo===
A 2.5-hectare place envisioned to bring back the former glory of old [[Manila City|Manila]] and enhance and modernize [[Chinatown|Chinatown's]] aging landscape. It will have 525 residential units while offering new and modern versions of traditional Chinese shophouses, to be used to build up stores, restaurants and offices downstairs and live upstairs.

It will also showcase a world-class shopping center, public car parking facility, and the 200-meter Chinatown walk. Bypass roads will also be constructed for the convenience of commuters and motorists who will go to and from the place. It is poised to be the newest and most distinct landmark in [[Binondo]].

===Ongoing projects===
[[Image:Greenbelt Chancellor.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Greenbelt Chancellor]]
'''Greenbelt Chancellor''' will be a 35-story pre-furnished condominium in the Greenbelt area, [[Makati City]]. The '''Greenbelt Excelsior''' will be a 35-story residential tower that follows a modernist architectural style. '''Three Central''' will be a 50-story residential tower on Valero Street in Salcedo Village and '''Greenbelt Madison''' will be a 31-story condominium on Salcedo Street in Legaspi Village near Ayala Avenue.

'''Greenhills Heights''' will be a low-density community with 215 stylish units in [[San Juan City]]. It was designed for families who want privacy and security. The place was strategically located near schools in the area for families who want to provide quality education for their children.

[[Image:Uptown Bonifacio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Uptown Bonifacio]]
Megaworld will invest PHP 65 billion over the next 10 to 20 years to develop a 15-hectare property in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig into an ultra-luxury mixed-use community to be called '''Uptown Bonifacio'''. It will house posh residential towers such as '''One Uptown Residence''' and '''Uptown Ritz''', an upscale mall and office towers. The 25-story Alliance Global Tower will house the companies under the Tan's Alliance Global Group, Inc.

[[Image:Mckinley-West.jpg|thumb|right|200px|McKinley-West]]
The '''McKinley West''' will be a 34.5-hectare township just right across McKinley Hill and behind Forbes Park. 60 percent of the place would be used for structural developments while the remaining 40 percent would be used for wide open spaces, lush greenery, amenities and access roads along Lawton Avenue.

==Awards and achievements==
*1999 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company
*1999 Finance Asia's Best Investor Relations
*2001 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2003 Euromoney's Best in Corporate Governance
*2003 Euromoney's Best Property Company in the Philippines
*2003 Euromoney's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2003 Philippine Superbrands Award
*2004 Finance Asia's Best Investor Relations
*2004 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2004 Asiamoney's Clearest Corporation Strategy
*2004 Asiamoney's Best Investor Relations
*2004 Asiamoney's Best Website
*2004 Euromoney's Best Property Company in the Region
*2004 Philippine Superbrands Award
*2005 Euromoney's Best Property Company in the Region
*2006 Finance Asia's Best Investor Relations
*2006 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2006 Finance Asia's Best in Corporate Governance
*2006 Euromoney's Best Property Company in the Philippines
*2007 Asiamoney's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2007 Asiamoney's Best Investor Relations
*2007 Philippine Superbrands Award
*2007 Ranked No. 1 in Best Managed Philippine Company by Finance Asia
*2007 Ranked No. 1 in Best Investor Relations by Finance Asia
*2007 Ranked No. 1 in Best in Corporate Governance by Finance Asia
*2007 Ranked No. 1 in Asia's Best Managed Companies by Finance Asia
*2007 Best Investor Relations in the Singapore Market by a Philippine Company by IR Magazine
*2008 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company
*2008 Asiamoney's Small Cap Corporate of the Year
*2008 Ranked No. 2 in Most Convincing and Coherent Strategy Company by Euromoney
*2009 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company and Best in Investor Relations
*2011 Alpha Southeast Asia Most Organized Investor Relations and Strong Adherence to Corporate Governance
*2011 World HRD Congress Best Employer Brand Awards
*2011 Finance Asia's Best Managed Philippine Company and Best in Investor Relations

==References==
*[http://www.megaworldcorp.com/ “Our Township Projects”].''Megaworld Corporation''.(Accessed on 14 May 2013).
*[http://www.megaworldcorp.com/AboutUs/BoardofDirectors.aspx “Board of Directors”].''Megaworld Corporation''.(Accessed on 15 May 2013).
*[http://www.megaworldproperties.com/html/megaworld.htm “Awards and Achievements”].''Megaworld Properties''.(Accessed on 15 May 2013).
*[http://www.megaworldproperties.com/html/projects.htm “Featured Projects”].''Megaworld Properties''.(Accessed on 15 May 2013).

==External links==
*[http://www.pse.com.ph/html/ListedCompanies/pdf/2010/MEG_17A_Dec2009.pdf Megaworld Corporation 2009 annual report]
*[http://www.pse.com.ph/html/ListedCompanies/pdf/2010/AGI_17A_Dec2009.pdf Alliance Global Group 2009 annual report]

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Real estate companies]]
[[Category: Publicly-listed companies]]
[[Category: Companies owned by Andrew Tan]]
[[Category:Real Estate]]

10 great filipino mothers

Smoochies — Fri, 10 May 2013 09:13:03 GMT

Summary: New page: Our mothers are our first teachers. They are the first ones that molded us into what we are today. Mothers are to be admired for they give a lot of effort and sacrifice just to give the be...

Our mothers are our first teachers. They are the first ones that molded us into what we are today. Mothers are to be admired for they give a lot of effort and sacrifice just to give the best that they can to their children. There are even those who are Super Moms who work full-time as moms and still have energy to work at the office. Greater admiration, however, must be given to those mothers who worked hard for the benefit of their country and countrymen. WikiPilipinas presents the list of ten Filipino mothers who are artists and scholars in different fields of knowledge who became founders and leaders of their own ventures.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''10. [[Clare Baltazar]]'''
</div> is the foremost [[Filipino]] entomologist, a zoologist focusing on insects. Known as the “Mother of Philippine Entomology”, she is the author of ''Philippine Insects'', the first authoritative text on Philippine insects. She has done numerous studies on insects, particularly on Philippine-endemic Hymenoptera species, which proved important for biological insect control in the country. She also discovered 8 genera and 1 subgenus of Hymenoptera, and 108 species of Philippine parasitic wasps. She received in 1980 the Rizal Patria Award in entomology. In 2001 she was conferred as a National Scientist by Former President [[Joseph Estrada]].

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''9. [[Damiana L. Eugenio|Damiana Eugenio]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Folklore”. She is known for her scholarly anthologies of Philippine epics, folktales, myths and proverbs. She was responsible for landmark publications on Philippine oral and epic literature. She has been honored with awards from the [[Manila Critics Circle]], Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas ([[UMPIL]]), and [[University of the Philippines|UP]].

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''8. [[Engracia Cruz-Reyes]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Filipino Cooking”. She co-founded [[Aristocrat]], a popular Filipino restaurant with branches all over [[Metro Manila]]. Considered as an icon in Philippine food history and culture, she was honored by the [[National Historical Institute]] with a historical marker at Plaza Raja Soliman. She was honored with the Outstanding Woman of the Year Award by the Philippine Marketing Association in 1967 and the Gintong Ina Award in 1982.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''7. [[Francisca Reyes Aquino ]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Dancing”. She was named National Artist for her contributions in dance in 1973, the very first woman to receive a National Artist Award. She traveled the Philippines to observe and record dances and formed various dance troupes, including the Filipiniana Dance Troupe. She also organized the Filipiniana Folk Dance Troupe which performed for servicemen as a part of the United States Army Special Services for seven months in 1945.
In 1949, she founded the Philippine Folk Dance Society to bring together physical education students, teachers, administrators and individuals interested in folk dancing.

Dr. Reyes Aquino received the “Philippine Republic Award of Merit" for her efforts in collecting, compiling, and propagating folk dances, and for her outstanding contribution to the advancement of Filipino culture in the field of dance. Other awards include the Cultural Award, UNESCO of the Philippines; the Rizal Pro-Patria Award; certificate of merit Bulacan Teachers Association; the Ramón Magsaysay Award, and an award for outstanding alumna, College of Education, University of the Philippines.

Aquino was the author of Philippine Folk Dances and Games, which focused on studying native Philippine dances. Her efforts led to the popularization of Philippine folk dances. She was a recipient of the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service in 1962.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''6. [[Leona Florentino]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Women's Literature” as she was the first Filipina poet. Because of her gender, she was not allowed to enter a university to study. She was instead tutored by her mother and a series of private teachers. She was trained in advanced Spanish by an educated Ilocano priest.

Her lyrical poetry in Spanish, and especially in Ilocano, gained attention with their exhibition in various international forums. Her literary contributions were recognized when she was included in the ''Encyclopedia Internationale des Oeuvres des Femmes'' (International Encyclopedia of Women’s Works) in 1889.

She was married to a politician named Elias de los Reyes at a young age. She bore five children, including [[Isabelo de los Reyes]] who would later become a controversial Filipino writer and activist.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''5. [[Gregoria de Jesus]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Revolution”. She was one of the brave Filipina women who risked their lives fighting for independence from the Spaniards during the Revolution. Because of her desire to attain freedom she joined her husband [[Andres Bonifacio|Andres]] and other [[Katipunan|Katipuneros]] to plan for their revolt. Whenever she heard that the police would search the places they gather at, she would assemble and keep their documents, seal and arms. She would also drive to [[Tondo|Tondo's]] bay front and along [[Binondo]] streets to save countrymen from being caught. She moved from town to town after being targeted for her involvement in the Katipunan. She soon left for the mountains and met Andres at San Francisco del Monte and together went to the Katipunan's headquarter at [[Balara]].

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''4. [[Melchora Aquino]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Katipunan” and the “Mother of Balintawak”. Despite her old age, she looked after the sick and injured [[Katipuneros]] and gave moral support and prayers, earning her the name "Mother of the Katipunan" or revolution.

When the katipuneros arrived at Melchora’s place on 23 August 1896, she gave them 100 cavans of rice, 10 carabaos, as well as other needs while having their revolution. She cared for the sick and the wounded too. She was later captured by the Americans and deported to Guam. She was freed after six years with 76 other exiles. In her last years, even if she soon became unintelligible, she did not acknowledge the material gifts given by the government as reward for her contributions. She already became contented with having helped the Katipunan. Her remains lie at the Mausoleum of the Veterans of the Philippine Revolution at the [[Manila North Cemetery]].

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''3. [[Mercedes Concepcion]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Asian Demography”. [http://www.socscipioneers.pssc.org.ph/MBCa.html As a pioneer in the field of demography, she holds many "firsts"-first Filipino demographer, first Filipino staff member of the United Nations Statistical Training Center in the Philippines (1955), first director of the UP Population Institute (1965), first Philippine representative to the UN Population Commission (1967), first woman chair of the UN Population Commission (1969-1977), and first Asian woman elected President of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (1981-1985)].

She has written several research papers, consultancies and research projects on population and demographics and has worked with local and international governments, the World Health Organization and United Nations. She has even been one of two Asian representatives to the Vatican as part of the Birth Control Commission in 1964. This work eventually led to the Humanae Vitae in 1968. She is one of the very few people that has attended all five Asia and Pacific Population Conferences. Her reflections on her participation were published in the Asia-Pacific Population Journal.

In 1986, under her leadership of the Committee to Review the Philippine Statistical System, the National Statistical Coordination Board was established as well the reorganization of the statistical offices in the country.

Among her numerous awards and recognition were the Outstanding Woman in Profession, Rafael M. Salas Population and Development Award, Outstanding Award in Science and Technology Research,
Achievement Award for Demography, Outstanding Woman in Science and Technology, Tandang Sora Award, Professional Award in Demography, Distinguished St Theresa's College Alumna Award, and a Travel Award to Mexico to observe the population program.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''2. [[Dr. Raquel del Rosario-Fortun]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Forensic Pathology”. She is the first Filipino to be formally trained as a forensic pathologist, a medical professional involved in determining cause of death for legal purposes. She had her training in forensic pathology abroad but she opted to stay in the Philippines and be a professor at the UP College of Medicine and impart her expertise in general pathology and legal medicine.

Having been teaching her craft for seventeen years in the Philippines, she has had her share of difficult and controversial cases and contributions to the understanding of forensic pathology and other forensic sciences in the country.

Some of the more high-profile cases Fortun has worked on in the Philippines include the [[Payatas]] disaster in 2000, the Asian Spirit air crash in 1999, and the [[Asosacion de Damas Filipinas]] fire in 1998. She has also done forensic work and training in several countries like the Netherlands, Cyprus, Japan, Sierra Leone, Cambodia and East Timor.

She has earned the following awards Outstanding Teacher, Outstanding Woman in the Nation's Service, Philippine TOYM Awardee and Gintong Ina Celebrity Award. She has received other awards form the the University of the Philippines, Soroptimist International of Dasmariñas-Salcedo, the [[Philippine Jaycees]], Inc., and Philippine Society of Pathologists. She even has one from former Quezon City Mayor Ismael A. Mathay, Jr., for her work in identifying the Ozone Disco fire victims in 1996, her first controversial case. Fortun is also one of the 100 Filipinas featured in "Filipina Firsts: A Salute to 100 Women Pioneers 1898-1998", as the First Filipino Woman Forensic Pathologist. She has recently been inducted as an honorary member of the UPLB Genetics Society.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''1. [[Honoria Acosta-Sison]]'''
</div> is the “Mother of Philippine Obstetrics”. She is the first Filipino woman physician, first Filipino woman graduate of an American Medical School and first Filipino woman obstetrician. She had published one hundred and seventy three scientific publications which contributed to progress in Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecology. She published one of the very first researches on obstetrics and gynecology at the Philippine Journal of Science.

She also established the normal pelvimetry, or the assessment of the female pelvis in relation to the birth of a baby, among Filipino Women and cephalometry, or the measurement of the human head, among Filipino newborns. In collaboration with Dr. Liborio Gomez, she showed that there is no constant liver lesion in eclampsia, a pregnancy complication.

She has been given numerous awards like the Presidential Medal as Torch Bearer in the Feminist Movement in 1955, Gold Medal from the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1959, and Most Outstanding Woman Physician from the Philippine Women’s Medical Association, also in 1959. The Bureau of Posts issued a commemorative stamp in her honor in 1978.

==References==
*[http://firstfilipino-index.blogspot.com/2007/10/philippine-mothers.html “Philippine Mothers”].''First Filipino''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Clare_Baltazar “Clare Baltazar”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://www.nast.ph/index.php?option=com_profile&id=23&view=details&template=nast3&Itemid=20 “Baltazar, Clare R.''].''Department of Science and Technology''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://gap.entclub.org/taxonomists/Baltazar/index.html “Clare Rilloraza Baltazar”].''Global Ant Project-- World Ant Taxonomists''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/11/clare-baltazar.html “Clare Baltazar”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Damiana_L._Eugenio “Damiana L. Eugenio”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/02/damiana-eugenio.html “Damiana Eugenio”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/745729.Damiana_L_Eugenio “Damiana L. Eugenio's Books”].''goodreads''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Engracia_Cruz-Reyes “Engracia Cruz-Reyes”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/04/engracia-cruz-reyes.html “Engracia Cruz Reyes”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://philippinemothers.blogspot.com/2008/04/engracia-cruz-reyes.html “Engracia Cruz Reyes”].''Philippine Mothers''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Gregoria_de_Jesus “Gregoria de Jesus”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 8 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/05/gregoria-de-jesus.html “Gregoria de Jesus”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 8 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Honoria_Acosta-Sison “Honoria Acosta-Sison”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/01/honoria-acosta-sison.html “Honoria Acosta Sison”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*Lee-Chua, Queena.[http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/education/view.php?db=1&article=20100328-261310 “First Filipino Woman Doctor”].''Inquirer.net''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000899.htm “Eclampsia”].''MedlinePlus''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1970.tb00151.x/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+11+May+from+10%3A00-12%3A00+BST+%2805%3A00-07%3A00+EDT%29+for+essential+maintenance “Obituary: H. Acosta-Sison, M.D.”].''Wiley Online Library''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Leona_Florentino “Leona Florentino”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/04/leona-florentino.html “Leona Florentino”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://www.poemhunter.com/leona-florentino/biography/ “Biography of Leona Florentino”].''PoemHunter.com''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://www.hawaii.edu/filipino/Related_Material_Pages/Si%20Leona/Leona.html “Tula ni Leona Florentino”].''The University of Hawai'i System''.(Accessed on 9 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Melchora_Aquino “Melchora Aquino”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2006/01/melchora-aquino.html “Melchora Aquino”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/sora.html “Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora)”].''Filipino.biz.ph''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://phil-heroes.s5.com/heroes_data/maquino.htm “Melchora Aquino (1812-1919)”].''Philippine Heroes''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/122695/in-the-know-melchora-aquino “In The Know: Melchora Aquino”].''Inquirer News''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Mercedes_Concepcion “Mercedes Concepcion”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2006/11/mercedes-concepcion.html “Mercedes Concepcion”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://www.nast.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=177:.. “Mercedes B. Concepcion, PhD: The Newest National Scientist is a World Recognized Expert in Demography”].(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://www.socscipioneers.pssc.org.ph/MBCa.html “Mercedes Concepcion”].''The Philippine Social Science Council''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Dr._Raquel_del_Rosario-Fortun “Dr. Raquel del Rosario-Fortun”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://firstfilipina.blogspot.com/2007/11/raquel-del-rosario-fortun.html “Raquel del Rosario-Fortun”].''First Filipina''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).
*[http://www.uerm.edu.ph/publication/mediscope/?nav=27.htm&archive=200608 “Raquel B. Del Rosario-Fortun, M.D.: Most Outstanding Alumnus”].''University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center''.(Accessed on 10 May 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Top Ten Lists]]

Helen Gamboa

Smoochies — Tue, 07 May 2013 05:33:41 GMT

Summary: New page: '''Helen Alvent Gamboa-Sotto''' (born 7 May 1948 in [[Pampanga]]) is a [[Filipino|Filipina]] veteran actress, beauty queen and singer. She is the wife of [[Senate of the Philippines|senat...

'''Helen Alvent Gamboa-Sotto''' (born 7 May 1948 in [[Pampanga]]) is a [[Filipino|Filipina]] veteran actress, beauty queen and singer.

She is the wife of [[Senate of the Philippines|senator]] [[Vicente Sotto III|Tito Sotto]]. Their children are Romina Frances, Diorella Maria, Gian Carlo and [[Ciara Sotto|Ciara Anna]].

==Early life and education==
Helen came from a talented family. Her big sister, Elaine, was a finalist in 1955 quest for Miss Philippines to the fledgling Miss Universe. Helen, who was a Liberal Arts student, was inspired by her sister and enlisted for the 1961 Miss Press Photography of the Philippines (PPP), a beauty search conceived by an association of known Philippine photographers. Previous winners used the said search to gain access to the Philippine movies. Helen placed second to the crowd favorite, Cynthia Ugalde.

==Career==
The 5'6' tall beauty titlist was swamped with movie offers after the said event. She chose to do a movie with the Larry Santiago Productions. Her launching movie was ''Gorio and his Jeepney'' with Chiquito in 1962. It was based on a hit comic strip by Larry Alcala which was published in ''Manila Times''. The movie, which was directed by Pablo Santiago, was an instant hit. Her next films were ''Hugo, the Sidewalk Vendors'' with Berting Labra and ''Sakay and Moy''. From an initial salary of PHP 1,000 talent fee, she commanded PHP 40,000 in her next films, which was a huge amount in the 60s.

She was paired with almost all of the famous leading men of that time— from [[Fernando Poe Jr.]], in ''Kumander Fidela'' (1964), [[Joseph Estrada]] in ''Bantay Salakay'' (1966) and Romeo Vasquez ''Doble Trece'' (1967).

Her movie musicals, where she showcased her talent in singing and dancing, were also successful. Among her musicals were ''Let’s Go'', ''DJ Dance Time'', ''Top Tunes'', ''The Nite Owl Dance Party'' , ''Shing-aling-a-loo'', ''Mash ‘K Pops'', ''Operation: Discothèque'', ''Bang-shang-a-lang'', ''Boogaloo'', ''Let's Go Hippie'' and ''Grind, Grind''.

Helen's debut album with Jonal Records included the monster hit “Together Again” which topped the local billboard charts. She also did successful covers of Petula Clark's “Kiss Me Goodbye", Lulu's “I’m A Tiger" , Mary Hopkins' “Those Were the Days” and Jeannie C. Riley's “Harper Valley PTA”.

Her showbiz career was cut short when she eloped with [[Vicente Sotto III|Tito Sotto]], who was then the band leader of “Tilt Down Men”.

Helen later appeared at carefully selected TV projects like hosting ''[[Eat Bulaga]]'' and ''[[Lovingly Yours, Helen]]'' after [[Helen Vela|Helen Vela's]] demise. She also continued her recording career. Under the RCA Victor International, she did covers under the name Bunny Chanel.

===Discography===
'''Albums'''
*Helen Gamboa Sings Together Again (Jonal Records, released in March 1967)
*La Gamboa (Vicor Records, released in 1969)
*Bunny Chanel (RCA Victor International/WEA, released in 1979 under the name "Bunny Chanel")
*Bunny Chanel 2 (RCA Victor International/WEA, released in 1980 under the name "Bunny Chanel")

'''Singles'''
1966
*Gone / Band of Gold (debut single)
*What They Have Done To The Rain? / He'll Come Back To Me (with JA and The Jitterbugs)
*Strangers In The Night / The Impossible Dream
*Just Say Goodbye / I Can't Remember Ever Loving You
*The Thirty-First of June / It's Not Unusual
*I Love You / No Other Love
*A Groovy Kind of Love / Forever With You (with JA and The Jitterbugs)
*Soul Time / In The Midnight Hour
*The In Crowd /
*Michael (Row the Boat Ashore) /

1967
*Somethin' Stupid / Summer Wine (duet with Gilbert Gamboa)
*Two Of Us / Till We Meet Again / Whispering Hope (duet with Louie Levant)
*This Is My Song / Color My World
*Together Again / Cast Your Fate To The Wind
*All I See Is You / All Cried Out
*Oh, Oh What A Kiss / Wednesday's Child
*Only You (Can Break My Heart) / Time Alone Will Tell
*Uptight / Single Girl (with JA and The Jitterbugs)
*Please Don't Go / Cherish
*Shing-A-Ling Time / Somebody To Love
*Cast Your Fate to the Wind /

1968
*Ain't No Mountain High Enough / Two Can Have A Party (with The Tilt-Down Men)
*I'm Coming Home / Kiss Me Goodbye
*After You / Why Can't I Remember To Forget You
*Don't Give Up / Everytime I See A Rainbow
*It's A Happening World / Shoot Your Shot
*Bang-Shang-A-Lang / Shotgun
*Son of a Preacher Man /

1969
*The Fool On The Hill / The Horse (Love is All Right)
*Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da / Harper Valley PTA
*Mississippi Delta / The Glory of Love
*I'm A Tiger / Every Day I Have To Cry Some
*This Girl's In Love With You / Where Is Tomorrow
*Those Were The Days / Stay Away From Love
*Bitter Memories / Our Day Will Come
*Boom Bang-A-Bang / The Windmills Of Your Mind
*Put a Little Love in Your Heart /

1970
*Evil Ways / Great Big Bundle of Love
*If Ever You Go / Put A Smile On Your Face
*Do The Popcorn / Both Sides Now

1973
*Anytime of The Year / It's A Crying Shame
*A Cowboy's Work Is Never Done / Betcha By Golly, Wow
*Put Your Hand In The Hand / Rose Garden
*Do Me / Somebody Waiting
*Love A Little Longer / Rock and Roll Lullaby

1974
*Doctor's Orders / Only Yesterday
*Please Mr. Postman / My Melody of Love
*Head Over Heels / Leave A Little Room

===Filmography===
'''Television'''
*Walang Hanggan (2012) as Margaret
*Maalaala Mo Kaya: Parol (2010) Maring
*Maalaala Mo Kaya: Diploma (2010) Rosa
*Tayong Dalawa (2009) as Elizabeth Martinez
*Maalaala Mo Kaya: Mesa (2009) as Linda
*Sa Dulo Ng Walang Hanggan (2001) as Nelia Santos
*Heart To Heart With Helen (1992–94) as Host
*Luv Ko Si Kris (1991)
*Lovingly Yours, Helen (1981–96) as Host
*Eat Bulaga (1979) as Herself - Host
*C.U.T.E (Call Us Two for Entertainment) (1979) as Herself
*Friends (1974–77)
*Helen (1966)- a musical show on pre-1972 ABC

'''Movies'''
*Segunda Mano (2011) as Adela Domingo
*Mano Po 6: A Mother's Love (2009)
*Bagong Bayani 1995) as Flor Contemplacion
*Umiyak Pati Langit (1991)
*Oras-oras, Araw-araw (189)
*Kailan Mahuhugasan ang Kasalanan? (1989) as Adora Meneses
*Hot Summer (1989)
*Mama Said Papa Said I Love You (1985)
*Give Me Five! (1984)
*Angelita, Ako ang Iyong Ina Part II (1982)
*Angelita... Ako ang Iyong Ina (1980) as Janet
*Roberta (1979)
*Feliciano (1978)
*Mga Mata Ni Angelita (1978) as Janet - Gonzalo's Daughter
*Kapitan Kulas (1975)
*Darna and the Giants (1974) as X3X
*Biktima (1974) as Nurse
*Sarhento Fofonggay... A, ewan! (1974)
*Ako'y Tao, May Dugo at Lamán (1970) as Luisa
*Love Is for the Two of Us (1970)
*Banda 24 (1969)
*Matimbang ang Dugo sa Tubig (1969)
*Ngitngit ng Pitong Whistle Bomb (1968) as Nerissa
*Bang-Shang-a-Lang 1968)
*Boogaloo (1968)
*Kailanma'y 'Di Ka Mag-iisa (1968)
*Let's Go Hippie (1968)
*May I Go Out (1968)
*O Kaka, O Kaka (1968)
*Operation: Discothèque (1968)
*Otra Vez, Señorita (1968)
*Like Father, Like Son: Kung Ano ang Punò Siya ang Bunga (1967)
*Target: The A-Go-Go Generation (1967)
*Yesterday (1967)
*Palos: Counterspy (1966)
*Baril sa Aking Kamay (1966)
*Doble Trece (1966)
*Stranger in the Night (1966)
*Guillermo Bravado (1965)
*Dolpinger (1965)
*Misyong Mapanganib (1965)
*DJ Dance Time (1964)
*Let's Go (1964)
*The Nite Owl (Dance Party) (1964)
*Gorio... Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (1963)
*Hugo, the Sidewalk Vendor (1962)
*Gorio and His Jeepney (1962)
*Sakay and Moy (1962)
*Walang Pagkalupig (1962)
*Palanca (1960)
*Maalaala Mo Kaya (1954)

==Awards and recognition==
*Nominee, Best Supporting Actress for ''Kailan Mahuhugasan ang Kasalanan'' (1989)
*Best Actress for ''Unsung Heroes'', [[Gawad Urian Awards]], 1996

==References==
*[http://viewsfromthepampang.blogspot.com/2011/08/264-60s-singing-star-helen-alvent.html “*264. '60s Singing Star: HELEN ALVENT GAMBOA of Sta. Ana”].''Views from the Pampang''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0971442/ “Helen Gamboa”].''IMDb''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).
*Umerez, Remy.[http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2013/03/01/914389/helen-gamboa-42-years-marital-bliss “Helen Gamboa: 42 years of marital bliss”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 7 May 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Filipino actresses]]
[[Category: Filipino film actresses]]
[[Category: Filipino television actresses]]

Independent Oil Price Review Committee

Smoochies — Fri, 03 May 2013 09:16:33 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''Independent Oil Price Review Committee''' (IOPRC) is a multi-sectoral independent review committee under the [[Department of Energy]]. It was created in early 2012 to answer the p...

The '''Independent Oil Price Review Committee''' (IOPRC) is a multi-sectoral independent review committee under the [[Department of Energy]]. It was created in early 2012 to answer the public clamor for transparency [http://www.scribd.com/doc/106864303/2012-Full-report-of-the-Independent-Oil-Price-Review-Committee in the pricing of fuel and public perception of excessive profits by oil companies].

The main task of the IOPRC is to know if oil companies were guilty of unfair pricing to the detriment of the public. It would also determine if oil companies accumulated “excessive profits”. Since the term “excessive profits” has no clear and legal definition, the IOPRC would instead focus on verifying if oil prices and profits of oil companies can be deemed “unreasonable”.

Regression analysis would be used to check if local pump prices in [[Metro Manila]] track world oil prices. Pump prices could be deemed “unreasonable” [http://www.scribd.com/doc/106864303/2012-Full-report-of-the-Independent-Oil-Price-Review-Committee if they do not closely match the movement of world oil prices and if the movement of local prices are extraordinary compared to a closely situated country].

The financial records of oil companies would also be collected to project finance modeling to determine their rates of return. The result would be compared to the returns in other industries
and government bond rates. Oil Pump Price Calculation Model (OPPC Model) of unleaded gasoline and diesel prices using MOPS and information and taxes of oil products would be compared to the actual prices. [http://www.scribd.com/doc/106864303/2012-Full-report-of-the-Independent-Oil-Price-Review-Committee Unreasonable prices will be manifested in much higher actual prices than those predicted by the OPPC Model].

==Recommendations of the IOPRC==
*The percentage of change in MOPS and FOREX should be used as a guide to monitor oil price adjustments
*The DOE should create a stricter and more industry-specific reporting guidelines
*The DOE should closely monitor the quality of petroleum products to know which do not comply with the national standard of quality
*The DOE should post an annual analysis of oil industry performance, including findings and issues encountered

==Committee Members==
*Head- Dr. Benjamin E. Diokno
*Academe representative- Dr. Rene B. Azurin
*Business Community representative- Dr. Jesus O. Estanislao
*Consumer Group representative- Mr. Raul T. Concepcion
*Economists' representative- Dr. Victor D. Abola
*Accountants' representative- Mr. Dexter F. Ortega
*Public Transport representative- Atty. Vigor D. Mendoza

==References==
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/106864303/2012-Full-report-of-the-Independent-Oil-Price-Review-Committee “The Report of the Independent Oil Price Review Committee (2012)”].''Scribd''.(Accessed on 3 May 2013).
*[http://www.doe.gov.ph/news/2012-01-31-IRC%20members.htm “DOE Names Independent Review Committee Members”].''Official Website of the Philippine Department of Energy''.(Accessed on 3 May 2013).
*[http://www.doe.gov.ph/e%20summit/final/Chapter%204.pdf “Responding to High Oil Prices”].''Official Website of the Philippine Department of Energy''.(Accessed on 3 May 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine Government]]
[[Category: Other institutions]]

Rolando Melvida Jota

Angelica17 — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 15:57:21 GMT

Summary: Rolando Jota is the lone opposition to Joy Belmonte's bid to the vice mayoralty of QC.

[[Image:Rolando Jota.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Rolando Jota (Photo by Facebook.com profile of Rolando Jota. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''Rolando Jota''', an independent candidate for vice mayor in the [[2013 Philippine general elections]], is now the running mate of [[John Charles Chang|Johnny Chang]], the [[Movement for a Better QC]] mayoralty candidate. Rolando Melvida Jota alias Ka Roland was the standard bearer in 2010 for [[Quezon City]] vice mayor under the [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]] Party, the party of former president Ferdinand Marcos, but it was [[Joy Belmonte]], his sole opponent in the 2013 elections for the same position, who won the race.

== Education ==
Mr. Jota finished his secondary education at [[Jose Abad Santos High School]] in 1969 and his tertiary education at [[Roosevelt College]].

== Media Work ==

He was radio host/commentator of [[On the Spot Bayan Aksyon Agad]] for DWDD 1134 kHz AM, the [[Armed Forces Radio]]. Mr Jota is the editor-in-chief of [[On the Spot]], a magazine of [[Mediakoop Productions]], a cooperative group composed of media people. The magazine was designed to provide reports on the activities of individuals and entities, private or public. Through On the Spot’s website, funding for the magazine was explained as coming from payments for advertisements of businesses that are located within the vicinity of local government units that are featured in the magazine, and the magazine was distributed for free. Mediakoop was conceived in 1998 and its services include non-linear editing, production of travelogues and documentaries, public relations, desktop publishing and events management.

== Personal Life ==

Mr. Jota was born on September 7 1954. He is married to Gloria Baraquiel. On June 30 2008, Rolando Jota, Jr., a son of the couple and also a radio man, was fatally hit by a rock that was thrown at the windshield of the car that he was driving as it was passing through the boundary of [[Calauan]] and [[Laguna de Bai|Bai]] towns in [[Laguna]]. On July 4, a few days later, the young Jota succumbed to his injuries while he was confined at the [[Laguna Provincial Hospital]] in [[Sta. Cruz, Laguna|Sta. Cruz]], the town where he and his family was also residing. The culprit or culprits were never brought to justice.

== Philippine World Beauty Festival ==

In 2009, Rolando Jota was one of the organizers of [[World Festival Queen]] (WFQ), a new contest that aimed to gather contestants not only for beauty but for how well they were able to showcase their country’s festivals and culture. Journalist[[Hilda Ong]], marketing director of the [[Philippine World Beauty Festival]] (PWBF) and the chairman of PWBF, Mr. Jota, guested in [[One Morning Café]], a morning TV show hosted by [[Nikki Jimenez]] and [[Aljo Bendijo]] that was on simultaneous telecast from 6 to 8 a.m. in three government channels [[CS-9]], [[NBN-4]] and [[IBC-13]] and on radio at [[Radyo ng Bayan]]. The coronation was supposed to be held at the [[Fiesta Pavilion]] of the [[Manila Hotel]] on December 8 2009 and the contestants would be staying in Manila for three days and parade around the metro, the Tour of Beauties. Their itinerary would include [[Nueva Ecija]] and [[Nueva Vizcaya]] where the candidates would stay for five days then visit [[Banaue]] for a day aside from visiting other towns. The Philippine Festival Queen Contest 2009 was supposed to be held at the [[Marikina Convention Center]] in October 2009. Beauty queens from LGUs all over the country would have a chance to compete in this contest. Dr. [[Virginia A. Teodosio]], [[UP]] School of Labor and Industrial Relations professor and former administrator, eco- feminism, natural wellness and cultural festivals advocate, was the president of PWBF. However, there is no record of the event or its results that are available to the public.

== Hot Expose ==

In July 2012, the [[Davao City Council]] passed a resolution for a cease and desist order against the allegedly pornographic tabloid Hot Expose that was circulating in the city, further alleging that its regular columns were entitled “Rape Files” and “Textmate Sexmate.” Councilor Pilar Braga slammed the tabloid and other publications featuring obscene materials for the harm it posed to children. [[Davao City|Davao]] has an anti-porn materials ordinance and Braga called on the police to enforce this law while calling on the attention of the tabloid’s publisher Rolando Jota and managing editor [[Marlon Habon]] but they could not be reached for comment and for a chance to air their side of the story and respond to the allegations against them, as of press time.

== Better QC Joins Hands with Ang Kapatiran Party and Ang Prolife Partylist ==

On January 8 2013, Ang Kapatiran Party raised the hands of the standard bearers of [[Ang Prolife]] Partylist and Movement for a Better QC thereby forming the Ang Kapatiran Coalition. They all seek to promote common goals. The coalition will help Rolando Jota is in his bid for the vice mayoralty of Quezon City. He in turn will endorse Ang Kapatiran Party senatorial candidates and Ang Prolife Partylist candidates.

For the 2013 election platform of Jota’s team, please click on this link: [http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=John_Charles_Chang John Charles Chang]

== External Links ==
[http://www.facebook.com/bokarog.rolandojota?ref=ts&fref=ts]
[http://onthespotph.com/]
[http://www.facebook.com/rolando.jota.1?ref=ts&fref=ts]

References:
*Llasos, Marwil [http://bromarwilnllasos.blogspot.com/2013/01/ang-kapatiran-party-ang-prolife.html Ang Kapatiran Party, Ang Prolife Partylist and Better QC Unite to Promote Common Goals]. The Knight of Mary. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*[http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/501426/philippine-festival-queen-2009-opens Philippine Festival Queen 2009 opens]. Philstar.com. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*Norman [http://normannorman.com/2009/09/16/updates-on-philippine-festival-queen-09-and-world-festival-queen-09/ Updates on Philippine Festival Queen ’09 and World Festival Queen ’09]. Norman’s Blog. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*Teodosio, Virginia [http://virginiateodosio.blogspot.com/2009_10_01_archive.html The Philippine World Beauty Festival]. Virginia Teodosio blog. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*Paloma, Jereco O. [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2012/07/18/council-urges-ban-porno-tabloid-232598 Council urges ban on 'porno' tabloid]. Sunstar Davao. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/uploads/downloadables/2010partylistcandidate/NCR%20-%20QC.pdf QUEZON CITY, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION - SECOND DISTRICT CERTIFIED LIST OF CANDIDATES FOR CONGRESSIONAL AND LOCAL POSITIONS For the May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*[http://afima.multiply.com/journal/item/7/AFIMA-PRESS-STATEMENT-ON-DEATH-OF-RADIO-MAN-ROLANDO-JOTA-JR.?&show_interstitial=1&u=%2Fjournal%2Fitem AFIMA Press Statement on Death of Radio Man Rolando Jota, Jr.]. AFIMA. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*Catimpo, Clarinda I. [http://mediakoop.blogspot.com/ GJETTE] Mediakoop. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*[http://onthespotph.com/] On the Spot. (Accessed 01 March 2013).
*hiddenmischief08 [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIMUbUEuabU Ka Rolan on air]. Youtube.com. (Accessed 01 March 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections, 2010]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections 2013]]
[[Category: Filipino journalists]]
</noinclude>

Ma Josefina Belmonte-Alimurung

Angelica17 — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 15:53:01 GMT

Summary: Joy Belmonte is the incumbent vice mayor of Quezon City.

[[Image:Joy Belmonte.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Joy Belmonte (Photo by Facebook.com profile of Joy Belmonte. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''Ma. Josefina Belmonte-Alimurung''', also known as '''Joy Belmonte''', is the incumbent vice mayor of [[Quezon City]]. She is running for re-election in the [[2013 Philippine general elections]] under the [[Liberal Party]] banner. As vice mayor, Belmonte is also the Presiding Officer of the Quezon [[City Council]]. She is the Chairperson of the city’s anti-poverty committee and is the vice chair of the city’s disaster risk and reduction management committee. She is running with re-electionist [[mayors of Quezon City|mayor]] [[Herbert M. Bautista]], who had been her running mate in 2010. Her sole opposition in the 2013 vice mayoralty race is [[Rolando Jota]], an independent candidate who is a [[Filipino journalists|journalist]], who also ran against her in 2010.

== Campaigning for Her First Term ==

In 2010, Belmonte-Alimurung filed her candidacy as Ma. Josefina Go-Belmonte alias Joy. She ran as vice mayor along with eight other contenders for the vice mayoralty of Quezon City, including Quezon City councilors [[Janet “Babes” Malaya]], [[Aiko Melendez]], also a former actress and journalists Rolando Jota and [[Rodrigo Kapunan|Rod Kapunan]]. In a press conference hosted by [[Regal Films]] producer [[Lily Monteverde]] for then vice mayoral candidate Joy Belmonte, she explained her side about the issue of lack of experience. She related that she has had several years of serving in volunteer work and non-government organizations as a public servant. She had experience working with the poor and in volunteer work in Kadilingan, [[Bukidnon]] where there were only dirt roads for traveling and there was no electricity or drinkable water. She had hopes of continuing the works of her father, then Quezon City mayor [[Feliciano Belmonte, Jr]].; works that include the Quezon City Museum that will be located near the [[Peace Bell]] Monument. If elected, she would prioritize more programs for the poor and more social services for her constituents. This would mean an improvement on income per capita, more opportunities for livelihood training under groups and government organizations like [[TESDA]].

== Personal Life ==

Joy is the youngest and only girl among the four children of incumbent Quezon City fourth district [[Members of the House of Representatives|Representative]] Belmonte and the late Billie Mary Go Belmonte, who came to be known as [[Betty Go- Belmonte]], the founding chair of [[The Philippine Star]] and one of the founders of [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]. She is also the only one who followed her father’s venture into politics. From her father, she learned fairness, hard, work, loyalty, equal opportunities for all, principle and talent-based rewards system and having a vision for the people. From her mother, she learned compassion, selflessness and service. She learned preferential treatment for the poor from the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]]. In 2005, Joy married Raymond Alimurung, a medical school graduate. Ray finished his MBA in Stanford University and stayed in the States while Joy came home to the Philippines. Ray takes a leave from work to visit his wife. Joy also goes to the States to visit him. In 2009, she gave birth to seven-month-old preemie baby Gael Javier, who was named after Joy’s favorite actor, Gael Garcia Bernal and his dad’s Antique governor hero, [[Evelio Javier]]. Joy’s parenting style includes bringing Gael to museums instead of children’s theme parks like Disneyland. She has taken Gael to ten museums in four countries. She does not believe in shouting at or spanking Gael, instead when disciplining Gael, she tells him not to do something bad because he is a good boy and good boys don’t do that. She taught one-year-old Gael yoga.

== Education ==

Joy Belmonte went to [[Saint Pedro Poveda College]] (then called Poveda Learning Center and was formerly Institucion Teresiana School) for her primary and secondary education. Joy finished Social Science at [[Ateneo De Manila University]] in 1992. In 1995, she obtained her Master’s degree in Museum Studies at England’s Leicester University and her Master’s degree in Archeology at the University College London in 1996

== Socio-Civic Works ==

*Ateneo De Manila University project for Barangay Libis
*[[Jesuit Volunteers Philippines]], teaching farmers’ children in Bukidnon, one-year stint in the early 90s,
*Quezon City Ladies Foundation, president, 2001-2010 (the chairmanship should have been taken on by the mayor’s wife but since Mrs. Belmonte had already died, the role went to Joy).
*Quezon City Performing Arts, head
*excavation in Intramuros, Batanes, Cebu and Cavite, head archaeologist
*Archaeology subject, professor, UP Diliman
*archaeological consultancy, partner
*Congressional Spouses Foundation, Inc., president, 2010-present

== Awards and Recognition ==

*[[Gawad Gabriela]], 2010
*Universal Peace Federation, Ambassador, 2011
*Rotary Foundation of Rotary International, Paul Harris Fellow, 2011

== Latest News ==

===2012 Local Legislative Awards, NCR===

The 18th Quezon City Council, under its Presiding Officer Vice Mayor Belmonte, ranked 1st out of 15 cities in the [[National Capital Region]] that vied for the [[Local Legislative Awards]] sponsored by the [[Department of Interior and Local Government]] (DILG). The Regional Award Committee was headed by the Regional Director of DILG and the Chairman of the Regional [[Philippine Councilors League]]. Its members include a representative from the business sector, the [[Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry]] and the Regional Directors of government departments - [[Department of Agriculture|Agriculture]], [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources|Environment and Natural Resources]], [[Department of Budget and Management|Budget and Management]], [[Department of Social Welfare and Development|Social Welfare and Development]]. The Council is now preparing for the [[National Level Evaluation for Highly Urbanized Cities]].

===Simply Healthy Campaign===

The Office of the Quezon City Vice Mayor partnered with Philips Electronics and Lighting, Inc. through its country manager Fabia Tetteroo-Bueno, the [[Department of Health]], [[St. Luke’s Medical Center]] Clinical Manager for Food and Nutrition Ruby Frane, Barangay Matandang Balara, [[World Wildlife Foundation-Philippines]] chairman and CEO Jose Ma. Lorenzo Tan and [[I Can Serve]] through its founder [[Kara Magsanoc-Alikpala]] for the Philips pilot health campaign to be conducted in Matandang Balara. The campaign was launched on January 9 2013. Four sessions that would focus on family nutrition, women’s health, climate change and efficient use of energy and awarding of most improved families will be conducted in four months.

===One Billion Rising===

Vice Mayor Belmonte joined the one-day global march of one billion women, wherein they will strike, dance and rise to end violence against women. She has been a supporter of [[Gabriela]], a National Alliance of Women. She helped secure [[Tomas Morato]] corner [[Scout Paulo Madriñan|Sct. Madriñan]] where the main program would be held and spoke about victims who have sought help from One Billion Rising since its launch in 2012, there were four cases of sexual harassment and incest. She has just opened a protection center for LGBTs (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgenders), women and children in the [[Quezon City General Hospital]].

== External Link ==

For a more complete listing of Vice Mayor Belmonte’s accomplishments while in office, please visit the Sangguniang Panlungsod website.[http://quezoncitycouncil.ph/vicemayor.php Sangguniang Panlungsod Vice Mayor].

== References ==

*[http://quezoncitycouncil.ph/index_readmore-local-legislative-awards.php 18TH QUEZON CITY COUNCIL : RANKED NO. 1 IN THE REGIONAL LEVEL OF 2012 LOCAL LEGISLATIVE AWARD]. Sangguniang Panglungsod website. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Flores, Wilson Lee [http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/542871/joy-belmonte-sarah-kris-and-her-quezon-city-dreams Joy Belmonte on Sarah, Kris and her Quezon City dreams]. Philstar.com. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Belmonte, Isaac G., Belmonte, Miguel G. [http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/708878/25-truths-you-didnt-know-about-betty-go-belmonte 25 truths you didn't know about Betty Go Belmonte]. Philstar.com. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Mananquil, Millet M. [http://www.philstar.com/sunday-life/806242/oh-mother Oh, Mother!]. LIFE & STYLE Philstar.com. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Tenorio, Bum Jr. [http://www.philstar.com/allure/450289/joy-belmonte-alimurung-source-joy Joy Belmonte-Alimurung: Source of joy]. Philstar.com. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Sindico, Ruth [http://www.philstar.com/health-and-family/2013/01/09/895020/simply-healthy-campaign-launched 'Simply Healthy' campaign launched]. Philstar.com. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/ListOfCandidates/CertifiedListOfCandidates Certified List of Candidates]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/uploads/downloadables/2010partylistcandidate/NCR%20-%20QC.pdf List of Candidates]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*[http://onebillionrising.org/news/entry/the-philippines-joins-eve-enslers-one-billion-rising-on-thursday-2-14-read The Philippines Joins Eve Ensler’s ONE BILLION RISING on Thursday, 2/14 Read more about The Philipp]. One Billion Rising website. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Olea, Ronalyn V. [http://bulatlat.com/main/2013/02/16/filipinos-join-1-billion-rising-around-the-world-to-end-violence-against-women/ Filipinos join 1 billion rising around the world to end violence against women]. Bulatlat. (Accessed 28 February 2013).
*Ranada, Pia [http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/21891-one-billion-dancing,-one-billion-rising One billion dancing, one billion rising]. Rappler. (Accessed 28 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category:Vice Mayors of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Ateneo De Manila University graduates]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections, 2010]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections 2013]]
</noinclude>

Roberto Abad

Angelica17 — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 15:51:07 GMT

Summary: Justice Abad is dubbed as the Father of the Modern Bar Exams.

[[Image:Justice Roberto Abad.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Justice Roberto Abad(Photo in commons. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''Roberto A. Abad''' is the 165th [[Supreme Court Justice|Justice of the Supreme Court]]. SC [[Associate Justice]] Abad was appointed by then president [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] to succeed retired SC Justice [[Dante Tinga]] on 7 August 2009 when Abad was the dean of the [[University of Santos Tomas]] School of Law. Then Dean Abad was among the three of the six nominees of the [[Judicial and Bar Council]] whose nomination was unanimous. Despite the interview which ended up linking his law practice to his former boss [[Estelito Mendoza]]’s clients such as former president [[Joseph Estrada]], [[Lucio Tan]] and [[Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco]] and his being referred to as a Palace outsider, the dark horse emerged with seven votes from JBC. After the impeachment of [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court|Chief Justice]] [[Renato Corona]], Justice Abad was again nominated for the top judicial post. However, it was another nominee, the 169th Justice of the Supreme Court and then Associate Justice [[Maria Lourdes Sereno]], whom President [[Noynoy Aquino]] appointed as the 24th Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court]]. The appointment was officially announced by the Office of the President on August 24 2012.

== A Gentleman of the Fraternal Order of Utopia ==

As a member of The Fraternal Order of Utopia Batch ’65, Justice Abad joined two other Utopian brothers of Batch ’70 in the High Tribunal, Justice [[Renato C. Corona]] and Justice [[Arturo D. Brion]]. The Order of Utopia is a fraternity of the [[Ateneo De Manila University]] College of Law.

== Personal Life ==

Justice Abad was born on 22 May 1944. He is married to Atty. Victoria Martinez. His first wife Lilia Beth B. Abad had died leaving him four kids: Liliarosa, Ma. Leila, Rex Niño, and Blessilda.

== Education ==

Justice Abad finished his primary education at the [[Gregoria De Jesus Elementary School]] in 1956. In 1960, he finished a Bachelor of Arts course at the [[Manuel L. Quezon University]]. He was a law school dean’s lister at the Ateneo where he graduated in 1968. He passed the [[Philippine bar exams|bar]] in 1969 with a grade of 81.70%.

Work Experience
*1968, Justice Abad engaged in private practice for about a year as an associate at the Jose W. Diokno Law Office
*1969-1973, Justice Abad was a technical assistant at the Office of then SC Chief Justice [[Roberto Concepcion]]
*1972-1996, Justice Abad was contributing staff editor in the [[Supreme Court Reports Annotated]] (SCRA)
*1974-1975, Justice Abad became an associate attorney at the Office of then new Chief Justice [[Querube Makalintal]]
*1975-1986, Justice Abad joined the [[Office of the Solicitor General]] where he worked his way up the ranks and was promoted in 1985 to Assistant Solicitor General to then Solicitor General Estelito Mendoza
*1978, Justice Abad while still with OSG was invited by then Chief Justice Roberto Concepcion, who was a former law dean of UST, to teach Political Law. Soon, he was also teaching the Bar Reviewer in Political Law, Law on Public Corporations, International Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Public International Law and Election Law.
*1986, Justice Abad became senior partner of his own law firm, Abad Law, from 1986 to 2009
*1988-1990, Justice Abad was a legal consultant for the Presidential Committee on the Nuclear Power Plant
*Justice Abad became OIC and dean of the UST Faculty of Civil Law succeeding Dean [[Alfredo Benipayo]].
*Justice Abad also lectured on remedial law, political law and bar review at the [[Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila]] and the Ateneo School of Law
*Justice Abad was also the legal counsel of [[Equitable Banking Corporation]], its officers and branch managers during the impeachment trial of then president Estrada.
*Justice Abad wrote the [[Practical Book in Legal Writing]], Special Student Edition (2002), [[Fundamentals of Legal Writing]], Bookman, 1st Edition (2004) and 2nd Edition (2007). The Fundamentals is used as a textbook by many law schools.
*2007, Justice Abad was invited by [[Philippine Judicial Academy]] (PHILIA), the Rule of Law Effectiveness (ROLE), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and CD Technologies Asia, Inc. to conduct a workshop in Legal Writing and Research for lawyers and investigators of the [[Office of the Ombudsman]]. He lectured on the preparation of judicial memoranda to the research attorneys of the [[Ombudsman|Sandiganbayan]] and the [[Court of Tax Appeals]].
*Justice Abad is a proponent of the proposed 2008 Rules of Procedure for METCs, MTCs, MTCCs, and MCTCs.
*As chair of the 2011 bar exams, Justice Abad led the implementation of radical reforms such as the multiple type questions in the exams. Thus, he was dubbed by Dean [[Andres D. Bautista]] of Far Eastern University Institute of Law as the “Father of the Modern Bar Exams.”
*Aside from the bar, Justice Abad also served as chair of SC committees such as those on Revision on the Rules of Civil Procedure, on Internal Rules, Committee to Address Case Congestion and Delays, on Jail Decongestion
*Justice Abad gave free legal aid in cooperation with the [[Free Legal Assistance Group]] (FLAG), [[Angels of Hope Orphanage]], [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]]
*He also conducts training for lay and religious catechists of the [[Archdiocese of Manila]]

== Endorsements for and Oppositions to Appointment as 24th SC Chief Justice ==

*Justice Abad was nominated to the top judicial post by the following: former senator [[Rene Saguisag]], Mark Arthur Catabona, Dean [[Perry Pe]] and the [[Philippine Association of Law Schools]] per Resolution, Dean [[Nilo Divina]] of UST Faculty of Civil Law, Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas per Resolution.
*Justice Abad’s appointment was opposed by the following: [[Florencio Villarin]] accused Justice Abad as the cause of delay of G.R. 178713; [[Juancho Daaco]] accused Justice Abad along with members of the Second Division of grave abuse of discretion and authority and with manifest partiality, alleging that the magistrates violated rules governing petitions for certiorari.

== Notable Ponencia ==

Justice Abad penned the en banc decision on the [[Vizconde massacre]] case, that held that accused-appelants’ guilt was not proven beyond reasonable doubt.

== References ==
*[http://utopia.com.ph/ The Gentlemen of the Fraternal Order of Utopia]. The Order of Utopia website. (Accessed on 19 April 2013).
*[http://utopia.com.ph/utopian-dean-appointed-as-sc-justice/ Utopian Dean Appointed as SC Justice]. The Order of Utopia website. (Accessed on 19 April 2013).
*Reformina, Ina [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/research/07/19/12/cjsearch-profile-roberto-abad CJSearch PROFILE: Associate Justice Roberto Afan Abad]. ABS-CBN News. (Accessed on 19 April 2013).
*[http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jsereno.php Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno]. Supreme Court of the Philippines website. (Accessed on 19 April 2013).
*[http://www.ustcivillaw.com/?page_id=2372 Justice Roberto A. Abad]. Faculty of Civil Law website. (Accessed 19 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category: Justices of the Supreme Court]]
[[Category: Ateneo De Manila University graduates]]
[[Category: University of Santo Tomas dean]]
[[Category: Filipino author]]
[[Category: Filipino lawyers]]
</noinclude>

Patrick Joseph Javier

Angelica17 — Tue, 30 Apr 2013 13:15:01 GMT

Summary: PJ Javier, the incumbent vice mayor is running for mayor in the 2013 Philippine general elections.

[[Image:PJ Javier.jpg|thumb|right|300px| PJ Javier(Photo by Friends of PJ Javier Facebook profile. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''Patrick Joseph Alfonso Javier''', more popularly known to Navoteños as the incumbent vice mayor '''PJ Javier''', is running for mayor of the City of [[Navotas]] in the [[2013 Philippine general elections]] under the [[Liberal Party]]’s banner. PJ Javier also served as vice mayor of Navotas from 2004-2007 and from 2007-2010.

== Personal Life ==

PJ Javier was born on August 20 1976 and raised in Navotas by his parents, the late Victor Bernardo Javier, a lawyer, and his wife, Erlinda Alfonso Javier. Victor Javier was the former mayor of Navotas during the Marcos era and was asked to step down when Cory Aquino became president of the republic. His siblings are Johann Victor, Jr., Janice Rose and Willian Conrad. The vice mayor is married to Aileen Rojas. PJ Javier finished his primary and secondary education at [[Ateneo de Manila University]], (1982-1994). He obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Physical Therapy at the [[University of the Philippines]] [[Manila]] in 1998. He proceeded to take up Medicine at the [[University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center]] from 1999 until 2003. He also took up Law at [[Arellano University]] School of Law from 2002-2004. PJ Javier is also into music, photography and sports.

== Work Experience/Affiliations==

*part of the staff of physical therapists of [[Manila Doctors Hospital]], 1998-1999
*business partner in Allied Therapist Network, 1998-2000
*medical intern at the [[AFP Medical Center]] (formerly V. Luna General Hospital), 2003-2004
*resident, Navotas Pescadores Junior Chamber Inc., 2006
*trustee, Knights of Columbus

== Accomplishments during Incumbency ==

*free screening for diseases such as diabetes, for Navoteños aged 40 and above and medical missions, i.e., circumcision, 2008
*children’s books drive for public schools, libraries and poor but deserving students
*early literacy program that involves workshops for daycare center teachers, distribution of new books and lesson plans for daycare center teachers and the “Read-Along” sessions
*jobs fair
*Saranggolahan 2008, a kite-making and competition aimed to campaign against drug use among the youth
*Red Cross Navotas chapter recruitment and training of volunteers
*2007 Anti-Drug Cheerdance competition, an interschool event among public schools

== Victory in 2007 Philippine General Elections Contested ==

Vice Mayor Javier's opponent in the 2007 vice mayoralty race, Daniel Bautista, filed an electoral protest against Javier. The court's decision dismissed the petition as lacking in substance and affirmed Javier's victory because the details of the acts allegedly committed or omitted for fraud were not established in the complaint which was stated in general terms.

== City Council Resolution ==

In July 2012, the City Council that was presided over by Vice Mayor Javier passed a resolution that gave Mayor [[John Reynald Tiangco]] permission to borrow P217 million for the construction of a coastal dike at Barangay Tangos. This dike aimed to solve perennial flooding in the city.

== References ==
*[http://www.balita.net.ph/2012/07/06/p217m-coastal-dike-sa-navotas/#.UTof8DdZ4R8 P217M coastal dike sa Navotas]. Online Balita. (Accessed 15 April 2013).
*Carvajal, Nancy.[http://www.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/eleksyon2007/print.php?article=20070622-72803 Court affirms victory of Navotas vice mayor]. Inquirer.net. (Accessed 15 April 2013).
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/uploads/downloadables/2010partylistcandidate/NCR%20-%20NAVOTAS.pdf CERTIFIED LIST OF CANDIDATES FOR CONGRESSIONAL AND LOCAL POSITIONS For the May 10, 2010 National and Local Elections]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 15 April 2013).
*[http://www.pjjavier.com/pjjavier] PJJAVIER.COM. (Accessed 15 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Patrick-Joseph-PJ-Javier/398812783546802 Patrick Joseph "PJ" Javier]. Facebook fan page. (Accessed 15 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections 2013]]
[[Category: Ateneo De Manila University graduates]]
[[Category: University of the Philippines graduates]
</noinclude>

Top 10 summer destinations near Metro Manila

Smoochies — Wed, 24 Apr 2013 09:21:48 GMT

Summary: New page: Summer is the time of the year where kids and kids-at-heart look forward to spending quality time away from school and work and relaxing and enjoying the wonderful scenery, refreshing wate...

Summer is the time of the year where kids and kids-at-heart look forward to spending quality time away from school and work and relaxing and enjoying the wonderful scenery, refreshing waters of either pools or beaches and good quality food and amenities. But not everyone has extra money to spend or time to travel to far away places, so '''WikiPilipinas''' is presenting you a list of the '''top 10 budget-friendly summer destinations that are near [[Metro Manila]]'''.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''10. [[Rizal Memorial Sports Complex]]'''
</div>
The Rizal Memorial Sports Complex is the national sports complex of the Philippines. Built in 1934, it is considered as the oldest sports complex in Asia. It is located on Pablo Ocampo (formerly Vito Cruz) St., [[Malate, Manila]].

The whole family would be in for a fun-filled sporting day as the sports complex has a basketball stadium, badminton hall, swimming pool, a coliseum, track and football stadium, tennis center and taekwondo room.

The sports complex is open from Tuesday to Sunday. Admission price for adults is PHP 40 on weekdays and PHP 55 on weekends.

[[Image:Ace Water Spa.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ace Water Spa]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''9. Ace Water Spa'''
</div>
Ace Water Spa is a recreation facility offering hydrotherapy massage and “medicinal bathing”. Its name and concept trace back to the Latin phrase “Salus per aquam” which means “Health through water”. Because of the healing effects of water, it is used in soothing and treating illnesses. Located at two prime locations:399 Del Monte Ave. near cor Banawe St., SFDM, Quezon City and United St. cor Brixton St. near Pioneer, Kapitolyo, Pasig City, Ace offers a a variety of pools, steam and sauna, and massage types.

Ace Water Spa is open daily from 6 AM to 11 PM. All its facilities may be used for four (4) hours for only PHP 550 for adults and PHP 250 per kid (4 ft. and below).

[[Image:Splash Island.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Splash Island]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''8. Splash Island'''
</div>
Splash Island is an adventure water park located at Southwoods Ecocentrum at [[Biñan, Laguna]]. Splash offers 17 different attractions (Rio Montanosa, Dos Supremos, Isla Pawikan, Twisted Palms, Big Bam Boo, Bannakita, Balsa River, King Pilipit, Magellan's Drop, Tausug Trails, Agos Grandes, Boon Docks, Water Wahoo!, Twin Coco Knots, Camp Carambola, Curl-of-the-Orient, The Harbor), gift shops and food stalls.

Splash is open daily from 8 AM to 6 PM. For Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, an All Day Pass is worth PHP 499 and the visitor may use either the Zipline, the Mini Golf or the High Ropes. The All Day Pass for Mondays to Thursdays costs PHP 399.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''7. Volet's Resort'''
</div>
Volet's is a resort located at Aguinaldo Highway at [[Dasmariñas, Cavite]]. Other than the landscape garden, a wide wave pool and slides, the place also offers Eduardo's KTV and Live Band, Ejj's Kitchenette, and the Evolution Gaming. All of its rooms are air-conditioned and with hot and cold showers to suit each customer's needs.

Day or night swimming costs PHP 200 per head while overnight swimming costs PHP 220 per head.

[[Image:Daranak-Falls.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Daranak Falls]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''6. [[Daranak Falls]]'''
</div>
Daranak Falls is a government-owned park and part of the laguna watershed. Located at Bgy. Tandang Kutyo in the town of Tanay, Rizal, its name is from the phrase “Dadanak ang dugo” which probably dates back to the time of the [[Katipunan]].

A favorite location shooting area of most local and international movies and advertising outfits in the country, Daranak Falls nestles quietly at the foot of the Tanay mountains, preserved with the natural vegetation, complemented with beautiful waterfalls, ponds, and rivers cascading through elaborate tropical trees and plants. This 14-meter high falls is truly a refreshing site.

Entrance fee is about PHP 20 per person and the use of cottages cost about PHP 350 each.

[[Image:Caylabne Bay Resort.png|thumb|right|300px|Caylabne Bay Resort]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''5. Caylabne Bay Resort'''
</div>
Caylabne Bay Resort is a rest and recreation facility located at Barangay Sapang, Ternate, [[Cavite]]. Aside from swimming, the resort offers a variety of activities like hiking, island hopping, boating and nature tripping.

Room accommodations range from PHP 5000 to PHP 17000. The use of different water sports facilities like aquatrike, kayak, banana boat, ski biscuit, wake boarding and jet ski costs from PHP 150 to PHP 3500.

[[Image:Hidden Sanctuary The Resort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hidden Sanctuary]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''4. Hidden Sanctuary'''
</div>
The Hidden Sanctuary is a resort in Marilao, [[Bulacan]] [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/lifestyle/03/07/13/bulacan-resort-offers-quick-summer-getaway which recreates the beach experience with its twin multiple-wave pools and white sand island]. Its two wave pools are inspired by the waters of [[Boracay]] and the [[Gulf of Lingayen]]. The two are separated by the Cayen Island Cafe complete with white sand, drinks and stage for performances of live bands.

Guests can also enjoy the view of the whole resort and hotel by walking on the 110 meter stretch of the Great Wall. Halfway through the walk is a tree house that will serve as a rest area. Kids would also enjoy a kiddie pool complete with a slide and a waiting area for parents who want to look after their kids. The resort also has a restaurant which serves Filipino dishes and delicacies, a Mini Zoo, Zipline, and a souvenir shop.

For day swimming, the resort rates are PHP 150 for children and senior citizens and PHP 200 for adults. For night swimming, it costs about PHP 200 for children and senior citizens. Infants are free of charge.

[[Image:Big Rock Farm Resort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Big Rock Farm Resort]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''3. Big Rock Farm Resort'''
</div>
The Big Rock Farm Resort in Coral na Bato, San Rafael in [[Bulacan]] is considered to be one of the newest attractions in Bulacan. With amenities like the cave bar and the cave pool with a stage and a jacuzzi, guests can feel as if they are really swimming and having fun inside a cave.

Other attractions of the resort include slides and man-made waterfalls. Guests can also use the resorts' videoke and billiard table. They can also try horseback riding.

Entrance to the resort costs PHP 100 for day swimming, PHP 130 for night swimming and PHP 150 for an overnight swimming. Children, two years old and below, are free of charge.

[[Image:Caliraya Resort.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Caliraya Resort Club]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''2. Caliraya Resort Club'''
</div>
The Caliraya Resort Club is a resort nestled along the [[Lake Caliraya|Caliraya Lake]] shoreline in Lumban, [[Laguna]]. Guests can choose from and enjoy a variety of waterfront activities, outdoor games, table games and team building activities.

Waterfront activities include the use of a speedboat, jet ski, ferry boat, ski board, knee board, weight board, high chair, canoe, kayak, zorb ball and water roller balls. Outdoor games include wall climbing, zipline, tennis, basketball, volleyball, soccer, earth ball, soft ball, badminton, slip n slide, obstacle course, wishing well, slides, rainbow pass, fishing, horseback riding and bonfire. Table games include bible trivia, blitz cards, domino, chinese checkers, outburst, scrabble, whatizit, cheeseboard, taboo and tycoon. Team building activities include the Amazing Race, All board, Blind Polygon, Electric Fence, Hand Cuffs, Magic Carpet, Mine Field, Nitro Crossing, Parallel Walk, Porthole, Spider Web, Traffic Jam, Trust Fall, Caterpillar Race, Canoe Race, Earth ball Challenge, Marble Transfer, Multi Tug of War, Obstacle Course, Parachute Game, Sack Wheel Race and Slip N Slide.

Guests can also choose from 72 fully-furnished hotel rooms. Room rates range from PHP 2000 to PHP 8000.

[[Image:La Virginia Hotel and Resort.png|thumb|right|300px|La Virginia Hotel and Resort]]
<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''1. La Virginia Hotel and Resort'''
</div>
La Virginia Hotel and Resort is a privately-owned beach in Brgy. Manggahan, Mataasnakahoy in [[Batangas]]. The resort boasts of its infinity pool, picnic tree house, zipline, hanging bridge, Buddha view-deck, pagoda and a chapel. Guests can appreciate the wonders of nature more by seeing the scenic backdrop view of the [[Taal Lake]].

The resort has an entrance fee of PHP 300 for adults and PHP 200 for children. Accommodation rates range from PHP 2500 to PHP 30,000.

==References==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sk9YI0z9nQU “apr 22-2012.budget friendly resorts”].''YouTube''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.acewaterspa.com.ph/faq/ “Faqs”].''ACE Water Spa''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/ACE-Water-SPA-OFFICIAL/153492801354119?id=153492801354119&sk=info “Basic Info”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.splashisland.net/index.htm “Explore”].''Splash Island''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.splashisland.net/fees.htm?expandable=4 “Park Admission and Fees”].''Splash Island''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Rizal_Memorial_Sports_Complex “Rizal Memorial Sports Complex”].''WikiPilipinas.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.swimmersguide.com/ViewFacility.aspx?fid=10929 “Rizal Memorial Sports Complex”].''Swimmers Guide''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://wikimapia.org/1441025/Rizal-Memorial-Sports-Complex “Rizal Memorial Sports Complex (Manila)”].''wikimapia''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://mattscradle.com/2011/04/09/volets-hotel-and-resort/ “Volets Hotel and Resort Entrance Fee, Rooms Rates, Map, Contact Information”].''Matts Cradle''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.pinoytrend.com/2012/04/volets-resort-entrance-fee-latest.html#.UXY0PKKBlIU “Volet's Resort Entrance Fee, Latest Features, Location Map, Room Rates and Contact Details”].''PinoyTrend''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.voletsresort.net/contact.html “Home”].''Volet's Resort''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://voletsresort.comx.ph/ “Welcome to Volets Resorts Reviews”].''Volets Resorts Review''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Daranak_Falls “Daranak Falls”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.waypoints.ph/detail_gen.php?wpt=darnak “Daranak Falls”].''waypointsdotph''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://xplorerboyz.blogspot.com/2013/02/diy-trip-daranak-falls.html#.UXZEDqKBlIU “DIY Trip: Enchanting Daranak Falls”].''Meet the X-plorers''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*Calinawan, Alexander.[http://www.tanaygeographic.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67:daranakfalls “Enjoy Daranak Falls: A Summer Getaway''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caylabne.com.ph/locationmap.html “Location map”].''Caylabne Bay Resort''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caylabne.com.ph/aboutus.html “About us”].''Caylabne Bay Resort''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caylabne.com.ph/promo-aquasports.html “Hot deals & promos”].''Caylabne Bay Resort''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caylabne.com.ph/accomodations.html “Accommodations”].''Caylabne Bay Resort''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caliraya.net/amenities.aspx “Amenities & Facilities”].''Caliraya Resort Club Inc''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caliraya.net/about.aspx “About us”].''Caliraya Resort Club Inc''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.caliraya.net/accomodation.aspx “Accommodation”].''Caliraya Resort Club Inc''.(Accessed on 23 April 2013).
*[http://www.lavirginiaresort.com/ “Home”].''La Virginia Hotel and Resort''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/La-Virginia-Hotel-and-Resort/309488897271?id=309488897271&sk=info “About”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/lifestyle/03/07/13/bulacan-resort-offers-quick-summer-getaway “Bulacan resort offers quick summer getaway”].''ABSCBNnews.com''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[http://hiddensanctuary.com.ph/the-resort/ “Hidden Sanctuary the Resort”].''Hidden Sanctuary Hotel and Resort''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[http://hiddensanctuary.com.ph/about-us/ “About us”].''Hidden Sanctuary Hotel and Resort''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/thehiddensanctuary “Hidden Sanctuary Hotel and Resort (Official)”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[http://www.bulacanresorts.com.ph/big-rock-farm-resort-in-san-rafael-bulacan/ “Big Rock Farm Resort”].''Bulacan Resorts''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/brfarmresort/info “About”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 24 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Top Ten Lists]]

Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001

Smoochies — Mon, 22 Apr 2013 03:49:17 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''Republic Act No. 9160''' or the '''Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001''' is an act which defines the crime of money laundering and provides the penalties therefor and for other purpo...

The '''Republic Act No. 9160''' or the '''Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001''' is an act which defines the crime of money laundering and provides the penalties therefor and for other purposes. It was signed by President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] on 30 September 2001.

==Definition of terms==
*'''Covered institutions'''-
#Institutions and their subsidiaries and affiliates supervised or regulated by the [[Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas]] (BSP) like banks, non-banks, quasi-banks, trust entities
#Institutions supervised or regulated by the Insurance Commission like insurance companies
#Institutions managing securities or rendering services as investment agent, advisor, or consultant like ecurities dealers, brokers, salesmen, investment houses
#Mutual funds, close-end investment companies, common trust funds, pre-need companies
#Foreign exchange corporations, money changers, money payment, remittance, and transfer companies
#Entities administering or otherwise dealing in currency, commodities or financial derivatives
*'''Covered transaction'''- Transactions which involve a total amount in excess of PHP 4 million or an equivalent amount in foreign currency except those between a covered institution and a properly identified client [http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9160.htm with an underlying legal or trade obligation, purpose, origin or economic justification].
*'''Monetary instrument'''-
#Coins or currency of legal tender of the [[Philippines]] or other countries
#Drafts, checks and notes
#Securities or negotiable instruments, bonds, commercial papers, deposit certificates, trust certificates, custodial receipts or deposit substitute instruments, trading orders, transaction tickets and confirmations of sale or investments and money market instruments
*'''Unlawful activity'''- any act or omission or series or combination of the following:
#Kidnapping
#Illegal drug trade
#Graft and corruption
#Plunder
#Robbery and extortion
#Jueteng and Masiao which are punished as illegal gambling
#Piracy on the high seas
#Qualified theft
#Swindling
#Smuggling
#Violation of the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000
#Hijacking
#Violation of the Securities Regulation Code of 2000
#Felony

==Content==
Money laundering is a crime whereby the proceeds of an unlawful activity are transacted, thereby making them appear to have originated from legitimate sources. It is committed by any person who knows that any monetary instrument or property represents, involves or relates to the proceeds of any unlawful activity who
#Transacts or attempts to transact said monetary instrument or property
#Performs or fails to perform any act as a result of which he facilitates the offense of money laundering
#Fails to disclose and file an incident of money laundering

The [[Anti-Money Laundering Council]] is one of the agencies under the government of the Republic of the Philippines which was established as response to the growing threat of money laundering. It has the following functions:
*To uphold the integrity of the banking industry
*To regulate all the banks and institutions under the Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas and all its subsidiaries
*To conduct investigations regarding suspicious banking activities
*To file cases at the Department of Justice should any infraction be observed
*Implement practices and measures that would greatly reduce the likelihood of money laundering
*Stop the transfer of funds from marked accounts that have been flagged by various agencies for being possible tools for money laundering

===Prevention of Money Laundering; Customer Identification Requirements and Record Keeping===
*Customer identification- Covered institutions shall establish and record the true identity of its clients based on official documents
*Record Keeping- Records of all transactions of covered institutions shall be maintained and safely stored for five (5) years from the dates of transactions
*Reporting of Covered Transactions- Covered institutions shall report to the AMLC all covered transactions within five (5) working days from occurrence thereof

===Authority to freeze===
Upon determination that a deposit or account is in any way related to an unlawful activity, the AMLC may issue a freeze order with an immediate effectivity, for a period of not exceeding 15 days; The AMLC may extend the said period upon the order of the court. The depositor only has 72 hours, upon receipt of the notice, to explain why the freeze order shall be lifted. The AMLC on the other hand, only has 72 hours to dispose the depositor's explanation or the freeze order shall be automatically dissolved.

===Authority to inquire into bank deposits===
Upon the order of any competent court in cases of the violation of this Act, the AMLC may inquire into or examine any particular deposit or investment with any banking or non-bank financial institution.

===Mutual assistance among states===
The AMLC may request and obtain assistance from foreign states to track down, freeze, restrain and seize assets of the alleged proceeds of any unlawful activity; to give information needed by the foreign state within the procedures laid in this Act; and to apply an order of forfeiture of any monetary instrument or property in the court. The AMLC may also request assistance from any foreign state for the authentication of documents or extradition.

===Penal provisions===
*Penalties for the crime of money laundering:
#Transaction or attempt to transact monetary instrument or property: Imprisonment ranging from 7 to 14 years and a fine of not less than PHP 3 million but not more than twice the value of the monetary instrument or property involved in the offense.
#Failure to perform any act as a result of which he facilitates the offense of money laundering: Imprisonment ranging from four to seven years and a fine of not less than PHP 1,500,000 but not more than PHP 3 million
#Failure to disclose and file an incident of money laundering: Imprisonment ranging from 6 months to 4 years or a fine of not less than PHP 100,000 but not more than PHP 500,000, or both
*Penalties for failure to keep records: Imprisonment ranging from 6 months to 1 year or a fine of not less than PHP 100,000 but not more than PHP 500,000 or both
*Malicious reporting: Imprisonment ranging from 6 months to 4 years and a fine of not less than PHP 100,000 but not more than PHP 500,000, at the discretion of the court provided that the offender is not entitled to avail the benefits of the Probation Law
*Breach of confidentiality: Imprisonment ranging from 3 to 8 years and a fine of not less than PHP 500,000 but not more than PHP 1 million

===System of incentives and rewards===
Special incentives or rewards may be given to the appropriate government agency and its personnel who led and initiated an investigation, prosecution and conviction of persons involved in money laundering.

===Prohibitions against political harassment===
[http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9160.htm#.UXSqVKKBlIU This Act shall not be used for political persecution or harassment or as an instrument to hamper competition in trade and commerce. No case for money laundering may be filed against and no assets shall be frozen, attached or forfeited to the prejudice of a candidate for an electoral office during an election period].

==References==
*[http://www.chanrobles.com/republicactno9160.htm “Republic Act No. 9160: Anti-Money Laundering Law of 2001”].''Chan Robles Virtual Law Library''.(Accessed on 22 April 2013).
*[http://www.bsp.gov.ph/regulations/laws_aml.asp “Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 (RA 9160)”].''Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas''.(Accessed on 22 April 2013).
*[http://www.gov.ph/2012/02/21/bsp-briefer-on-anti-money-laundering-act-of-2001/ “BSP briefer on the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 22 April 2013).
*Vigilar, Rufi.[http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/09/30/gen.phil.newlaw/ “Philippines acts on money laundering”].''CNN.com''.(Accessed on 22 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum

Smoochies — Thu, 18 Apr 2013 05:07:00 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''[[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP) Museum''' is a museum dedicated to the [http://www.imaketours.com/afp-museum preservation , perpetuation, conservation and promotion of the...

The '''[[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP) Museum''' is a museum dedicated to the [http://www.imaketours.com/afp-museum preservation , perpetuation, conservation and promotion of the Philippine's remarkable military traditions, culture and history]. It displays various episodes of the Army's evolution, pictures of revolutionary heroes, medal for the AFP, and weapons of the army.

Located at General Arturo Enrile Building, Camp Aguinaldo in [[Quezon City]], the museum was completed in 1995. The outdoor display consists of various equipment used by the different branches of the AFP. The indoor exhibit, on the other hand, is full of displays and paintings from founding of the revolutionary forces that took up arms against the Spanish up to the present day.

The museum's special feature is a tunnel with several arteries leading to different exits. [http://www.oocities.org/afpmuseum/ There is also a special exhibit sponsored by the Defenders of [[Bataan]] and [[Corregidor]]].

Other prized collections of the exhibit are the rayadillo uniform that was worn in battle by General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]; authenticated, handwritten letters of [[Apolinario Mabini]]; and dioramas of vintage weaponry and other military hardware, field uniforms, documents and photographs that retrace the evolution of Philippine soldiery since pre-colonial times. Dioramas also feature the military?s decades-old campaign against communist insurgents and Moro separatists.

The museum also has a gift shop selling books and souvenir items from the Philippine Army, Airforce, Navy and Marines.

The AFP museum is open from 8 AM to 4 PM from Monday to Saturday.

==References==
*[http://www.oocities.org/afpmuseum/ “Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum”].''Armed Forces of the Philippines Museum''.(Accessed on 18 April 2013).
*[http://www.imaketours.com/afp-museum “AFP Museum”].''iMakeTours''.(Accessed on 18 April 2013).
*Dizon, Nikko.[http://www.timawa.net/forum/index.php?topic=4084.30 “Power fully restored to AFP museum”].''Philippine Defense Forum''.(Accessed on 18 April 2013).
*Dizon, Nikko.[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20080523-138273/AFP-museum-relics-wasting-in-the-dark “AFP museum relics wasting in the dark”].''Inquirer.net''.(Accessed on 18 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine Museums]]

Adelina Barrion

Smoochies — Wed, 17 Apr 2013 09:35:40 GMT

Summary:

'''Adelina Barrion''' (9 September 1951-10 July 2010) was a [[Filipino]] entomologist, geneticist and professor at the [[University of the Philippines Los Baños]] (UPLB).

==Education==
She earned a bachelor's degree in Entomology at the UPLB College of Agriculture in 1974 and Master's and Doctorate degrees in Genetics (Entomology) in 1978 and 1985, respectively.

==Career==
She was a Professor of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology at the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, CAS, UPLB. She was also a former head of the Genetics and Molecular Biology Division (IBS) and a former senior adviser of The UPLB Genetics Society. She also served as the curator of the UPLB Museum of Natural History.

Barrion has an extensive contribution to the study of Philippine spiders which earned her the moniker “Asia's Spider Woman”. She has also contributed to the study of other species and to the study of genetics in general.

==Awards and recognition==
*Uichanco Award for Outstanding Entomologist (Philippine Association of Entomologists) - May 23, 1997
*NAST Outstanding Research Paper (Department of Science and Technology - National Academy of Science and Technology, DOST-NAST) - July 17, 1996
*Outstanding Teacher in Biological Sciences (University of the Philippines) - March 3, 1994
*CAS Outstanding Alumnus (UPLB Alumni Association) – 1992
*Outstanding Model Lady Educator and Public Servant of the Year (Media Exponent of the Philippine Unity and Progress, Inc.) - November 15, 1992
*SEARCA Professional Chair Holder in Genetics (Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization-Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture)- January 1990 – December 1991
*Outstanding Young Scientist Award (NAST-DOST) -July 11, 1990
*Outstanding Biologist (Philobioscientia) - February 22, 1990
*Best Paper Award in Entomology(Pest Control Council of the Philippines) - May 12, 1989
*Outstanding Researcher (UPLB College of Arts and Sciences) - November 23, 1988
*Outstanding Researcher (UPLB Institute of Biological Sciences) - November 13, 1988
*Golden Leadership Award (Humanitarian Center of the Philippines) - December 13, 1987
*Luisito Cuy Memorial Award (Luisito S. Cuy Foundation) – 1987
*Kalayaan Award (International Public Assistance Civic Organization) – 1987
*Best Paper Award, Entomology (Pest Control Council of the Philippines) – 1985
*IRRI Fellowship (International Rice Research Institute) – 1981–1985
*IPB Fellowship (UPLB College of Agriculture) – 1969–1978
*UP Undergraduate Fellowship (University of the Philippines Los Banos) - 1969–1974

==Death==
Barrion died at age 58 due to complications of diabetes.

==References==
*[http://www.whoislog.info/profile/adelina-barrion.html “Adelina Barrion”].''who is log''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://www.oysi.org.ph/index.php?option=com_profile&id=391&view=details&Itemid=10 “Barrion, Adelina A.”].''Outstanding Young Scientists, Inc. (OYSI)''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BIOTA_Philippines/message/573 “Re: [BIOTA_Philippines] Re: Passing away of Dr. Adelina A. Barrion, Geneticist, Great Mentor of UPLB”].''Yahoo! Groups''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[https://sites.google.com/site/theuplbgenesoc/members-1/honorary-members “Dr. Adelina Barrion”].''The UPLB Genetics Society''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/pages/Adelina-Barrion/126414857404742 “Adelina Barrion”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: People and Society]]
[[Category: Great Philippine Women]]
[[Category: Philippine Women]]
[[Category: Philippine Women Achievers]]
[[Category: Philippine Achievers]]
[[Category: Philippine Women by Profession]]

Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009

Smoochies — Wed, 17 Apr 2013 08:51:21 GMT

Summary:

The '''Republic Act No. 9775''' or the '''Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009''' is an act which defines child pornography and describes penalties therefor and for other purposes. It has been signed by President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] on 17 November 2009.

==Definition of terms==
*'''Child'''- a person below 18 years of age or over who is unable to take care of himself/herself [http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition].
*'''Child pornography'''- any representation (visual, audio, written combination, by any means) of a child engaged or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities
*'''Explicit sexual activity'''- sexual intercourse or lascivious act which includes but not limited to contact involving genital, oral or anal, between persons of the same or opposite sex; bestiality; masturbation; sadistic or masochistic abuse; lascivious exhibition of the genitals, buttocks, breasts, pubic area and/or anus; and use of any object or instrument for lascivious acts.
*'''Internet content host'''- a person who hosts or proposes to host internet content in the [[Philippines]]
*'''Grooming'''- an act of preparing a child for sexual activity or relationship by communicating any form of child pornography. It includes online enticement or enticement through any other means.
*'''Luring'''- an act of communicating with a child for the purpose of facilitating the commission of sexual activity or production of any form of child pornography
*'''Pandering'''- an act of offering, advertising, promoting, representing or distributing any material which is intended to cause another to believe that the said material contains any form of child pornography
*'''Syndicated child pornography'''- child pornography carried out by a group of three or more persons conspiring or confederating with one another

==Content==
*The right to privacy of the child shall be ensured at any stage of the investigation, prosecution and trial of an offense under this Act. [http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html The name and personal circumstances of the child, including the child's immediate family, or any other information tending to establish his/her identity shall not be disclosed to the public]. Any of his or her record shall be confidential and kept under seal.
*The judge, prosecutor or any officer of the law shall ensure a fair and impartial proceeding and conduct a closed-door investigation, prosecution or trial.
*Any form of child pornography that is part of the court records shall be subject to a protective order.
*It shall be unlawful for [http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html any editor, publisher and reporter or columnist in case of printed materials, announcer or producer in case of television and radio, producer and director of a film in case of the movie industry, or any person utilizing the tri-media facilities or information technology to publish or broadcast the names of the victims of any case of child pornography].
*The [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]] (DSWD) shall provide appropriate care, custody and support for the recovery and reintegration of the victim of child pornography. The child and his or her family shall also be entitled to the protection, rights and benefits of witnesses under Republic Act No. 6981 or “The Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act”.
*The victim shall be considered as a victim of a violent crime as defined under Section 3 (d) of Republic Act No. 7309 or the “Act Creating a Board of Claims under the Department of Justice for Victims of Unjust Imprisonment or Detention and Victims of Violent Crimes and for Other Purposes”, so that he or she may claim compensation therein.

===Unlawful or prohibited acts===
#Hire, employ, use, persuade, induce or coerce a child to perform any form of child pornography
#Produce, direct, manufacture or create any form of child pornography
#Publish offer, transmit, sell, distribute, broadcast, advertise, promote, export or import any form of child pornography
#Possess any form of child pornography with the intent to sell, distribute, publish or broadcast. Possession of three or more articles of child pornography of the same form shall be used as evidence
#Provide a venue for the commission of prohibited acts
#Distribute any form of child pornography
#Permit a child to engage, participate or assist in any form of child pornography
#Engage in the luring or grooming of a child
#Engage in pandering of any form of child pornography
#Access any form of child pornography
#Conspire or commit any of the prohibited acts
#Possess any form of child pornography

===Duties and responsibilities of individuals/groups===
====Duties of an internet service provider====
Internet service providers (ISPs) shall notify the [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP) or the [[National Bureau of Investigation]] (NBI) any form of child pornography being committed using its server or facility. They shall also:
*Preserve the evidence for purpose of investigation and prosecution
*Furnish the particulars of users who gained or attempted to gain access to the internet address that contains any form of child pornography
*Install available technology to ensure that access to any form of child pornography will be blocked or filtered

====Responsibility of mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments====
Mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments shall notify the PNP or the NBI of any child pornography being committed in their premises. Photo developers, information technology professionals, credit card companies and banks and any person who has direct knowledge of any form of child pornography activities shall report any suspected child pornography materials or transactions to the proper authorities.

====Duties of the internet content host====
The internet content shall:
*Not host any form of child pornography on its internet address.
*Report any form of child pornography to the proper authorities and preserve such evidence for purposes of investigation and prosecution by relevant authorities
*Furnish the particulars of users who gained or attempted to gain access to the internet address that contains any form of child pornography

====Duties of local government units====
The Local Government Unit (LGU) of the city or municipality where the internet cafe or kiosk is located shall monitor and regulate the establishment and operation of the same or similar establishments in order to prevent violation of the provisions of this Act.

===Penalties and sanctions===
*Syndicated child pornography: reclusion perpetua or the imprisonment for at least thirty [30] years after which the convict becomes eligible for pardon and a fine of not less than PHP 2 million but not more than PHP 5 million
*Violation of the first three unlawful or prohibited acts: reclusion temporal or imprisonment of 12 years and a fine of not less than PHP 1 million but not more than PHP 2 million
*Violation of numbers four, five and six of the unlawful or prohibited acts: reclusion temporal and a fine of not less than PHP 750,000 but not more than PHP 1 million
*Violation of number seven in the list of unlawful or prohibited acts: reclusion temporal and a fine of not less than PHP 500,000 but not more than PHP 700,000
*Violation of number eight in the list of unlawful or prohibited acts: prision mayor or imprisonment of 12 years and a fine of not less than PHP 300,000 but not more than PHP 500,000
*Violation of number nine in the list of unlawful or prohibited acts: prision mayor or imprisonment of 6 years and a fine of not less than PHP 300,000 but not more than PHP 500,000
*Violation of number ten in the list of unlawful or prohibited acts: prision correccional or imprisonment of 6 years and a fine of not less than PHP 200,000 but not more than PHP 300,000
*Violation of number eleven in the list of unlawful or prohibited acts: prision correccional or imprisonment of 6 months and 1 day and a fine of not less than PHP 100,000 but not more than PHP 250,000
*Pandering: arresto mayor or imprisonment of 1 month and 1 day and a fine of not less than PHP 50,000 but not more than PHP 100,000
*Violation of an internet content host: prision correccional or imprisonment of 6 months and 1 day and a fine of not less than PHP 1 million but not more than PHP 2 million for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than PHP 2 million but not more than PHP 3 million and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the establishment
*Violation of the internet service provider: fine of not less than PHP 500,000 but not more than PHP 1 million for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than PHP 1 million but not more than PHP 2 million and revocation of its license to operate
*Violation of mall owners/operators and owners or lessors of other business establishments: fine of not less than PHP 1 million but not more than PHP 2 million for the first offense. In the case of a subsequent offense, the penalty shall be a fine of not less than PHP 2 million but not more than PHP 3 million and revocation of its license to operate and immediate closure of the establishment
*Any person who violates the child's right to privacy: arresto mayor or imprisonment of 1 month and 1 day and a fine of not less than PHP 100,000 but not more than PHP 300,000
*In addition to the penalty imposed for the violation of this Act, the court shall order the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the government of all the proceeds, tools and instruments used in the commission of the crime, unless they are the property of a third person not liable for the unlawful act

===Common penal provisions===
*If the offender is a parent, ascendant, guardian, step-parent or collateral relative within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity or any person having control or moral ascendancy over the child, the penalty shall be in its maximum duration
*If the offender is a juridical person, the penalty shall be imposed upon the owner, manager, partner, member of the board of directors and/or any responsible officer who participated in the commission of the crime
*If the offender is a foreigner, he/she shall be immediately deported after the complete service of his/her sentence and shall forever be barred from entering the country
*If the offender is a public officer or employee, the penalty shall be imposed in its maximum duration

===Mandatory services to victims of child pornography===
*Emergency shelter or appropriate housing
*Counseling
*Free legal services
*Medical or psychological services
*Livelihood and skills training
*Educational assistance

===Programs for Victims of Child Pornography===
*Free legal services, medical or psychological services, livelihood and skills training and educational assistance to the child
*National research program on any form of child pornography
*Technical and material support services to appropriate government agencies and nongovernmental organizations
*Venue for consensus building amongst the public, the academe , government, nongovernmental and international organizations
information and education campaign

==References==
*[http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2009/ra_9775_2009.html “Republic Act No. 9775”].''The LawPHiL Project''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://www.batasnatin.com/law-library/criminal-law/crimes-and-penalties/1299-duration-and-effects-of-penalties.html “Duration and Effects of Penalties”].''BATASnatin''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno9775.php “Republic Act No. 9775”].''Chan Robles Virtual Law Library''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://www.unicef.org/philippines/mediacentre_12014.html “Success for UNICEF and partners as anti-child pornography law passed”].''unicef''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).
*[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90782/90873/6817100.html “Philippine president signs Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009”].''People's Daily Online''.(Accessed on 17 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

Ariella Arida

Smoochies — Tue, 16 Apr 2013 06:07:15 GMT

Summary: New page: '''Ariella Arida''' is a [[Filipino|Filipina]] beauty queen. She is Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2013. ==Early life and education== Arida, who hails from [[Laguna]], is into volleyball, swimmi...

'''Ariella Arida''' is a [[Filipino|Filipina]] beauty queen. She is Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2013.

==Early life and education==
Arida, who hails from [[Laguna]], is into volleyball, swimming, and running. She has recently finished a 21k run. She was the lead majorette during her teenage years.

She is a BS Chemistry graduate of the [[University of the Philippines]] in [[Los Baños]]. She did ramp modeling after she graduated in college.

==Bb. Pilipinas 2013==
Arida, who stands 5 feet and 7.5 inches tall, is candidate number 41 in the competition. Aside from winning Bb. Pilipinas Universe, she also bagged the Best in Swimsuit Award.

For the question and answer portion, Arida was asked by [[Philippine National Police]] (PNP) Chief Allan Purisima what lesson in life women can teach men. She said that “One lesson in life that women can teach men is being sensitive. We all know that men are more logical when it comes to decisions. They are usually more rational and straightforward. Unlike women, we use our hearts and we tend to get emotional in some of our decisions. Sensitivity is something that we women can teach to men.”

She admitted that she felt lucky to be asked with that question as it was one of the many questions she prepared for. She also added that she is confident in representing the [[Philippines]] in the 2013 Miss Universe pageant as she really worked hard although she admitted that she wants to improve her communication skills. She also said that she is ready to handle the pressure and is ready to face the upcoming challenges.

Arida also participated in the 2012 Miss Philippines-Earth pageant.

==References==
*Matilla, Dexter Rodrigo.[http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2013/04/15/930949/bb.-pilipinas-universe-2013-ariella-arida-im-ready-face-all “Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2013 Ariella Arida: 'I'm ready to face all the challenges'”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*Matilla, Dexter Rodrigo.[http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2013/04/15/930933/ariella-arida-bb.-pilipinas-universe-2013 “Ariella Arida is Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2013”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*Adina, Armin.[http://entertainment.inquirer.net/89737/up-graduate-ariella-arida-bags-bb-pilipinas-universe-crown “UP graduate Ariella Arida bags Bb. Pilipinas-Universe crown”].''Inquirer Entertainment''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*Valeza, Karen.[http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/news/laguna-s-pride-ariella-arida-wins-bb--pilipinas-2013-161617046.html “Laguna's pride Ariella Arida wins Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2013”].''Yahoo! Philippines OMG!''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*Requintina, Robert R.[http://www.mb.com.ph/article.php?aid=7688&sid=1&subid=2 “Ariella Arida from UP is Bb. Pilipinas Universe”].''Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*[http://missosology.org/regional/philippines/item/1812-ariella-arida-is-the-golden-bb-pilipinas “Ariella Arida is the Golden Bb. Pilipinas!”].''Missosology''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*[http://www.coolbuster.net/2013/04/ariella-arida-wins-bb-pilipinas-gold.html “Ariella Arida wins Bb. Pilipinas Gold”].''coolbuster''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).
*[http://www.pep.ph/celeb/parties/launch-pad/28590/ariella-arida-is-new-miss-universe-philippines “Ariella Arida is new Miss Universe Philippines”].''Philippine Entertainment Portal''.(Accessed on 16 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine Beauty Queens]]

Revised AFP Modernization Act

Smoochies — Fri, 12 Apr 2013 09:36:34 GMT

Summary: New page: '''Republic Act 10349''' or the '''Revised [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP) Modernization Act''' is an act that amends [http://www.gppb.gov.ph/laws_rules/laws/RA_7898.pdf RA 7898 ...

'''Republic Act 10349''' or the '''Revised [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP) Modernization Act''' is an act that amends [http://www.gppb.gov.ph/laws_rules/laws/RA_7898.pdf RA 7898 or the AFP Modernization Act]. It was signed into law by President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III]] on 11 December 2012.

The said act extends the modernization program for another 15 years that will help boost the AFP's capability upgrade program to shift from internal to external defense.

For the first five years of its implementation, the law allocates a budget of PHP 75 billion to utilize and implement the program in accordance with the Defense System of Management. The budget however is subject to the capacity of the [[Department of National Defense]] (DND).

The said law exempts major defense purchases [http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/12/11/884844/aquino-signs-revised-afp-modernization-act such as aircraft, vessels, tanks, armored vehicles, communications equipment and high-powered firearms from public bidding]. The sale and importation of
weapons, equipment and ammunition to the AFP which are directly and exclusively used for its projects, undertakings, activities and programs shall also be exempted from value-added tax (VAT) and customs duties.

It also institutionalizes the defense system of management that incorporates collegial and collaborative planning and decision-making process of senior defense and military leaders.
Additional funding from public-private partnerships as well as multi-year contracts entered into by the DND shall also be allowed.

==References==
*[http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2012/12/11/884844/aquino-signs-revised-afp-modernization-act “Aquino signs revised AFP Modernization Act”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 12 April 2013).
*Vital, Emily.[http://thepoc.net/breaking-news/local/17508-president-aquino-signs-revised-afp-modernization-law.html “President Aquino signs revised AFP modernization law”].''Philippine Online Chronicles''.(Accessed on 12 April 2013).
*Castañeda, Jing.[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/12/11/12/aquino-signs-afp-modernization-act “Aquino signs AFP Modernization Act”].''ABSCBNnews.com''.(Accessed on 12 April 2013).

==External link==
*[http://www.gppb.gov.ph/laws_rules/laws/RA_7898.pdf “Republic Act No. 7898”].''Government Procurement Policy Board''.(Accessed on 12 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

MMDA Bus Segregation Scheme

Smoochies — Fri, 12 Apr 2013 02:46:26 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''MMDA Bus Segregation Scheme''' is a scheme that segregates bus stops along [[Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] (EDSA) by making them alternately exclusive to “A”, “B”, and “...

The '''MMDA Bus Segregation Scheme''' is a scheme that segregates bus stops along [[Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] (EDSA) by making them alternately exclusive to “A”, “B”, and “C” buses. The [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) has implemented the scheme to decongest vehicular traffic along EDSA. [http://www.philstar.com/nation/2012/12/18/887455/mmda-implements-bus-segregation-scheme-edsa According to the MMDA, more than 3,600 city buses ply EDSA on a daily basis, while another 7,368 provincial buses whose companies operate terminals in the metropolis also use the same highway].

Bus stops are color coded: red bus stops are for Bus A while blue bus stops are for Bus B. At the SM Megamall station, which is a major transit point, all buses stop and load there. Both buses have also color coded, big, round, stickers at the upper right corner of their windshields.

Bus C, with a blue and red sticker, stops at all stations. Since it stops at all stations, it will take a passenger longer to get to his or her destination so it is advisable to ride one for short trips only. If a person gets on the wrong bus, he or she can get off at the nearest bus station and take bus C to get to his or her intended stop.

[http://www.rappler.com/rich-media/19258-infographic-how-to-find-the-right-bus-on-edsa The distribution of buses are as follows: Bus A: 40%, Bus B: 40% and Bus C: 20%].

A yellow lane was created along the corners of EDSA Ortigas, Santolan and Timog-Kamuning for the for buses that do not have a stop below the fly-overs.

The said bus scheme was implemented on 18 December 2012.

==Southbound (to Magallanes)==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Bus Stop A
!Bus Stop B
|-
|Ermin Garcia
|Kamuning
|-
|Arayat Cubao
|Monte de Piedad
|-
|VV Soliven
|Main Avenue
|-
|Connecticut
|POEA Ortigas
|-
|Shaw Starmall
|Pioneer/Boni
|-
|Guadalupe
|Estrella
|-
|Buendia Avenue
|Ayala Avenue
|-
|Mantrade
|
|}

==Northbound (to Kamuning)==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!Bus Stop A
!Bus Stop B
|-
|Ermin Garcia
|Baliwag/5Star
|-
|Cubao Farmers
|Main Avenue
|-
|Boni Serrano
|Ortigas Avenue
|-
|SM Megamall
|SM Megamall
|-
|Shaw Blvd
|Pioneer/Boni
|-
|Guadalupe
|Estrella
|-
|Buendia Avenue
|Ayala Avenue
|-
|Magallanes
|
|}

==References==
*[http://www.rappler.com/rich-media/19258-infographic-how-to-find-the-right-bus-on-edsa “INFOGRAPHIC: How to find the right bus on EDSA”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/286791/news/metromanila/mmda-reminder-bus-segregation-scheme-starts-tuesday “MMDA reminder: Bus segregation scheme starts Tuesday”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*Frialde, Mike.[http://www.philstar.com/nation/2012/12/18/887455/mmda-implements-bus-segregation-scheme-edsa “MMDA implements bus segregation scheme on EDSA”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*[http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/mmda-s-bus-segregation-scheme-for-edsa-starts-today “MMDA's bus-segregation scheme for EDSA starts today”].''TopGear''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/nation/metro-manila/12/17/12/mmda-launches-bus-segregation-scheme “MMDA launches bus segregation scheme”].''ABSCBN''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

Human Rights Victims Repatriation and Recognition Act of 2013

Smoochies — Thu, 11 Apr 2013 06:58:28 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''Republic Act No. 10368''', also known as the '''Human Rights Victims Repatriation and Recognition Act of 2013''', is an act providing for the repatriation and recognition of human r...

The '''Republic Act No. 10368''', also known as the '''Human Rights Victims Repatriation and Recognition Act of 2013''', is an act providing for the repatriation and recognition of human rights violations during the [[Ferdinand Marcos]] regime, documentation of said violations and appropriating funds thereof and for other purposes. It was signed into law by President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III]] on the 27th anniversary of the [[People Power Revolution]] on 25 February 2013.

==Definition of terms==
*'''Human Rights Violations Victim'''- a person whose human rights were violated by persons acting in an official capacity and/or agents of the State
*'''Human rights violation'''- any act or omission committed from 21 September 1972 to 25 February 1986 by persons acting in an official capacity and/or agents of the State
#Any search, arrest and/or detention without a valid search warrant or warrant of arrest issued by a civilian court of law which are carried out pursuant to the declaration of [[Martial Law]]
#Infliction by a person acting in an official capacity and/or an agent of State of [http://www.gov.ph/2013/02/25/republic-act-no-10368/ physical injury, torture, killing, or violation of other human rights, of any person exercising civil or political rights, including but not limited to the freedom of speech, assembly or organization; and/or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances, even if such violation took place during or in the course of what the authorities at the time deemed an illegal assembly or demonstration]
#Enforced or involuntary disappearance of an arrested, detained or abducted person against one's will as defined in the Republic Act No. 10350 or the “[http://www.gov.ph/2012/12/21/republic-act-no-10353/ Anti-Enforced or Involuntary Disappearance Act of 2012]”.
#Force or intimidation which caused the involuntary exile of a person from the Philippines
#Act of force, intimidation or deceit which caused unjust or illegal takeover of a business, confiscation of property, detention of owner/s and or their families and deprivation of livelihood of a person by agents of the State
#Kidnapping or exploiting of children of persons suspected of committing acts against the Marcos regime; Committing sexual offense against human rights victims; other violations and/or abuses similar or analogous to the above
*'''Torture'''- any act by which severe pain or suffering (physical or mental), is inflicted on any person under the custody of persons acting in an official capacity and/or agents of the State

==Content==
*Any HRVV qualified under this Act shall receive repatriation from the State, free of tax. For a deceased or involuntary disappeared HRVV, the legal heirs as provided for in the Civil Code of the Philippines or named by the executor or administrator of the deceased or involuntary disappeared, shall be qualified to receive repatriation
*The [[Department of Health]] (DOH), [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]] (DSWD), [[Department of Education]] (DepEd), [[Commission on Higher Education]] (CHED), [[Technical Education and Skills Development Authority]] (TESDA) and other government agencies shall render the necessary services as non-monetary repatriation for HRVVS and/or their families as may be determined by the Board
*The amount of repatriation [http://www.gov.ph/2013/02/25/republic-act-no-10368/ shall be in proportion to the gravity of the human rights violation committed on the HRVV and in accordance with the number of points assigned to the individual]
*PHP 10 billion plus accrued interest or the part of the funds transferred to the [[Philippine government]] by virtue of the 10 December 1997 Order of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court, adjudged by the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] as the Marcos ill-gotten wealth shall be the principal source funds for the implementation of this Act
*The Human Rights Victim's Claims Board, (composed of 9 members who are known of probity, competence and integrity; with deep and thorough understanding and knowledge of human rights and involvement in efforts against human rights violations and with clear and adequate understanding and commitment to human rights protection, promotion and advocacy. At least three of them must be members of the Philippine Bar and have been engaged in the practice of law for at least 10 years), shall follow the point system in the determination of the award:
#10 points: Victims who died or disappeared and are still missing
#6-9 points: Victims who are tortured and/or raped or sexually abused
#3-5 points: Victims who were detained
#1-2 points: Victims who experienced numbers 4,5,6 as mentioned at the definition of terms
*The Board shall also determine the points for each victim based on the type of violation committed against the HRVV, frequently and duration of the violation. If the victim is classified in more than one category, one shall be awarded the points in the higher category.
*[http://www.gov.ph/2013/02/25/republic-act-no-10368/ An HRVV shall file an application for reparation with the Board within six (6) months from the effectivity of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) of this Act]
*HRVVs shall be given recognition by enshrining their names in a Roll of Human Rights Victims to be prepared by the Board
*A Memorial/Museum/Library shall be established in honor and in memory of the HRVVs. It shall have an appropriation of at least PHP 500 million from the accrued interest of the PHP 10 billion fund
*The Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission shall be created to establish, restore, preserve and conserve the Memorial/Museum/Library in honor of the RVVs during the Marcos regime

==References==
*[http://www.gov.ph/2013/02/25/republic-act-no-10368/ “Republic Act No. 10368”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/296511/news/nation/pnoy-signs-martial-law-compensation-bill-into-law “PNoy signs martial law compensation bill into law”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*[http://www.rappler.com/nation/22536-aquino-we-recognize-martial-law-victims “Aquino: We recognize Martial Law victims”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).
*Panares, Joyce Pangco.[http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/02/26/point-system-rules-pay-for-hr-victims/ “Point system rules pay for HR victims”].''Manila Standard Today''.(Accessed on 11 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

The Veterans Memorial Medical Center Charter of 2012

Smoochies — Wed, 10 Apr 2013 09:11:21 GMT

Summary: New page: '''House Bill 6502''' or '''The Veterans Memorial Medical Center Charter of 2012''' is a bill which [http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=6491 aims to provide the hospital ...

'''House Bill 6502''' or '''The Veterans Memorial Medical Center Charter of 2012''' is a bill which [http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=6491 aims to provide the hospital with juridical or corporate personality to preserve its viability and existence].

According to former President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] who filed the bill, VMMC is a tertiary hospital who has served the country for 53 years but still does not have its own charter. She said the she filed the bill for the hospital to own real and personal properties and create a governing body to direct the accomplishment of its mission which is to be defined and delineated by its charter.

Arroyo added that she filed the bill to recognize the sacrifices and services of veterans and military retirees as the VMMC is primarily committed to serve the Filipino war veterans as defined in Republic Act 6948 or the Act Standardizing and Upgrading the Benefits for Military Veterans and their Dependents.

Under the bill, the VMMC shall be autonomous in the exercise of its jurisdiction. The VMMC Director who is also the acting Chief Executive Officer shall be appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Board; he shall serve for a term of six years. Donations, contributions or endowment to the VMMC shall be exempt from income and gift taxes. The VMMC shall also be exempted from the payment of taxes, charges and fees imposed by the [[Philippine government|government]].

==References==
*Galvez, Eduardo A.[http://www.congress.gov.ph/press/details.php?pressid=6491 “Arroyo Urges Congress to Pass a Bill Creating a Charter for Veterans Hospital”].''15th Congress House of Representatives''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*[http://www.congress.gov.ph/download/basic_15/HB06502.pdf “House Bill No. 6502”].''15th Congress House of Representatives''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*Manalastas, Jester.[http://www.journal.com.ph/index.php/news/national/39272-gma-files-bill-creating-charter-for-vmmc “GMA files bill creating charter for VMMC”].''Journal Online''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*Mallari, Maria Laarni.[http://thirdeyenewsgroup.blogspot.com/2012/10/arroyo-to-create-charter-for-veterans.html “Arroyo to create a charter for Veterans”].''The Third Eye''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

Ericson Acosta

Smoochies — Wed, 10 Apr 2013 08:07:02 GMT

Summary: New page: Ericson Acosta (born 27 May 1972) is a [[Filipino]] prominent political prisoner, cultural worker, poet, writer and singer-composer. He is known for his poem ''And So Your Poetry Must'' an...

Ericson Acosta (born 27 May 1972) is a [[Filipino]] prominent political prisoner, cultural worker, poet, writer and singer-composer. He is known for his poem ''And So Your Poetry Must'' and his recording of “Walang Kalabaw sa Cubao”.

He was arrested and detained in February 2011 by the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] (AFP). Despite being detained, Acosta continues to pursue his art and, reminiscent of Vietnamese hero Ho Chi Minh's “Prison Diaries,” released “The Prison Sessions”, a raw recording of progressive songs. “The Prison Sessions” gained international prominence as it was nominated in the 2011 Imprisoned Artist Prize.

==Early life and education==
Ericson was born in [[Manila]]. He was the second child of Liwayway Legaspi and Isaias Acosta. His parents based his name on Ericson Baculinao, a known activist during the [[First Quarter Storm]].

He finished his primary education at the [[St. Mary's College, Quezon City]] and joined the art and theater workshops of the [[Philippine Educational Theater Association]] (PETA). He finished high school at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] (UST), where he became an active member of the debate team and the ''Tanghalang Santo Tomas'' (TST). In 1984, he played the role of ''Fleance'' in PETA's presentation of Macbeth. It was a William Shakespeare's piece that was adapted into Filipino by Rody Vera and directed by Fritz Bennewitz. At PETA, Acosta was exposed to the arts and culture and to political issues as well.

He took political science at [[University of the Philippines, Diliman]] in 1989. He became a member of [[Amnesty International Pilipinas]] of the university. At first he hesitated to be involved with activist organizations and preferred to actively participate at theater productions of [[Dulaang UP]], [[UP Repertory Company]] and other artists and writers group in the campus.

In 1993, he wrote for the ''[[Philippine Collegian]]'', the official student publication of UP Diliman. It was when he became actively involved with the activist groups in the university. Acosta was the editor of the culture section and associate editor of the Collegian from 1994 to 1995 during Michael Ac-ac's term as Editor-in-chief. He was also the editor of ''Collegian's'' literary folio, “F1”, which was published in 1995. It was where his poem ''And So Your Poetry Must'' was published.

==Career==
Acosta became a writer for [[ABS-CBN Corporation|ABS-CBN]] and ''[[Manila Times]]''. He left his work when he decided to focus on being an activist. In 1995, he was the president of Alay Sining, a cultural activist group in UP which started at the UP College of Fine Arts in 1994. At Alay Sining, Acosta composed patriotic songs like “Haranang Bayan,” “Alamat,” “Awit ng Kasaysayan, “Hanggang Huling Patak,” at “Paalam,” which became a hit among activist groups.

In 1996, he wrote, directed and played the role of [[Andres Bonifacio]] in the production project “Monumento”, which was shown on the 100th annivesary of the [[Philippine revolution|Philippine revolution of 1896]]. He became the president of Sandigan ng Mag-aaral para sa Sambayanan-Tunay Militante (SAMASA-TMMA), which parted ways with the original alliance of SAMASA. It paved way for the creation of [[STAND-UP|Student Alliance for the Advancement of Democratic Rights in UP]] (STAND-UP), a student-based political party in UP Diliman. Acosta organized workshops for artists and writers. He also helped in putting up the Concerned Artists of the Philippines group during [[EDSA Dos]]. For the past few years, he focused on the concerns of farmers from all over the country and helped fight for their rights.

==Arrest and detention==
On 13 February 2011, he was arrested by the AFP at Barangay Bay-ang, San Jorge, [[Samar]]. He was allegedly tortured and interrogated for three days at a military camp before being charged of illegal possession of explosives. He was detained at Samar sub-provincial jail of in Calbayog. According to his counter affidavit, at the time of his arrest, he was busy experimenting the situation of human rights and environmental issues of the Kapunungan ng Gudti nga Parag-uma ha Weste han Samar (KAPAWA), a group of farmers that is also a part of [[Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas]] (KMP).

Arts and culture groups actively supported Acosta's release and launched the “Free Ericson Acosta Campaign” (FEAC) on April 2011 at [[Quezon City]]. A signature campaign was signed by hundreds of artists, writers and other individuals and groups who uphold human rights, with the initiative of [[National Artist]], [[Bienvenido Lumbera]].

While at the prison, Acosta launched a recording of his songs entitled ''Prison Sessions''. He also wrote a diary of his experiences entitled ''Jailhouse Blog'' which was published on the Internet by the FEAC. His works gained recognition and he was chosen as one of the finalists to be hailed as the 2011 Imprisoned Artist of the Freedom to Create Awards festival at Cape Town, South Africa. “Isang Minutong Katahimikan” was the last song he composed inside the prison.

On 5 February 2013, the Calbayog Regional Trial Court of Samar the release order of Acosta as the [[Department of Justice]] (DOJ) junked the case against Acosta as it lacked clear evidence. On 18 January 2013, he was given temporary release from the Calbayog prison and was transferred to the National Kidney and Transplant Institute and had a surgery for kidney problems. [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/353003/local-court-frees-poet-activist-ericson-acosta In a statement sent to the media], he said he is in high spirits as he return to the ranks of cultural workers and mass activists for national democracy. He also called on for [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/353003/local-court-frees-poet-activist-ericson-acosta unity and action to improve the justice system, end impunity and focus on human rights].

==References==
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=2011_WikiPinoy_of_the_Year:_The_Nominees “2011 WikiPinoy of the Year: The Nominees”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*[http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Ericson_Acosta “Ericson Acosta”].''WikiFilipino''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*Dimalanta, John Daryl.[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/353003/local-court-frees-poet-activist-ericson-acosta “Local court frees poet-activist Ericson Acosta”].''Inquirer News''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*[http://www.interaksyon.com/article/52989/free-for-now--cultural-worker-ericson-acosta-out-of-jail-taken-to-national-kidney-institute “FREE FOR NOW | Cultural worker Ericson Acosta out of jail, taken to National Kidney Institute”].''InterAksyon''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).
*[http://www.pen-international.org/newsitems/philippines-poet-ericson-acosta-released-charges-dropped/ “News: PHILIPPINES: Poet Ericson Acosta released, charges dropped”].''pen INTERNATIONAL''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).

==External link==
*[http://pinoyweekly.org/new/2013/02/statement-of-political-detainee-ericson-acosta-on-his-release/ “Statement of political detainee Ericson Acosta on his release”].''Pinoy Weekly Online''.(Accessed on 10 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine writers]]
[[Category: Arts and culture]]
[[Category: Political Detainees]]

Top Ten Private Family Resorts near Metro Manila

Xtopherdelax — Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:23:38 GMT

Summary: New page: It's [[summer]] once again. Aside from having more time to relax, it is when families get together and have some fun in beaches and swimming pools. But there are people who prefer a less p...

It's [[summer]] once again. Aside from having more time to relax, it is when families get together and have some fun in beaches and swimming pools. But there are people who prefer a less public venue for their friends and families to maximize their vacation time privately.

Here are the Top Ten Private Family Resorts near [[Metro Manila]]:

===10.===
[[Image:blusyl.jpg|110px|right|thumb]]
'''BluSyl Resorts''' – BluSyl Resorts is located in [[Calamba, Laguna]]. It has six hot and cold spring resorts, each one offers unique features to suit your needs, whether it’s a medium-sized gathering or an intimate event. The rate ranges from P10,000-16,000 depending on the season and type of resort.

===9.===
'''Hardin Creekside''' – This resthouse turned into a resort is located in [[Balagtas, Bulacan]]. It has two peanut-shaped swimming pools separated by a jacuzzi and a man-made brook. The rate ranges from P12,000-16,000 for exclusive accomodation.

===8.===
'''Villafranca Resort''' – Villafranca 1 is located in Calamba, Laguna while Villafranca 2 is in [[Ibaan, Batangas]]. The latter is 13,500 square meters large with an olympic-sized swimming pool with waterfalls and slides. A separate children’s pool is available for their enjoyment and safety. For a maximum of 30 persons, the rate ranges from P10,000-15,000.

===7.===
'''Amore Mio Resort''' – With a maximum capacity of 45 for P32,000-48,000, Amore Mio Resort is located at Barangay Masili, Bagong Kalsada, Calamba City, Laguna.

===6.===
'''Palmridge Private Private Resort''' – A private resort that has a covered pavilion that can accommodate up to 80 guests. Located in [[Pansol, Laguna]], the price ranges from P7,000-17,000.

===5.===
[[Image: louisse.jpg|110px|right|thumb]]
'''Louisse Resort''' – Nestled on a 1,000 sqm lot overlooking the east side of Metro Manila, Louisse Private Resort boasts of breathtaking view, infinity pool, and a modern take on how rest and recreation should be. Use of the entire place is for P21,000 for 22 hours.

===4.===
'''Lakewood Clubhouse''' – This clubhouse-cum-resort is located in [[Los Baños, Laguna]]. It would be advisable for small groups, but for big groups or company outings, you might as well rent the whole place and accommodate up to 150 party participants. Price ranges from P25,000 to 49,550, depending on the head count and hours of stay.

===3.===
'''City Hideaway''' – This chlorine-free resort in [[Antipolo|Antipolo City]] has one big private/adult pool and one kiddie pool. It has a spacious and covered activity area, grill area, playground and indoor parking. It also has a modern asian house with 2 airconditioned bedrooms, a dining area, living room and covered veranda. Its daytime rate is P5,500.00 and P6,000.00 for overnight for 35 pax.

===2.===
'''Leticia's Garden Resort''' – Located in Pulilan, Bulacan, this resort only caters to different events such as weddings, debut, baptismal and reunions. Price ranges from P8,000-25,000.

===1.===
[[Image: miteraza.jpg|110px|right|thumb]]
'''Mi Teraza''' – This Mediterranean-inspired resort can be used for a wide variety of activities: as a meeting place, a vacation getaway, a perfect location to hold a party, and other things. It boasts of amenities designed to make guests feel sophisticated and relaxed as it is in an environment that is nestled with a magnificent view of Metro Manila. Situated in the City of Antipolo, Mi Teraza's package is good for 30 people with a price ranging from P16,000-30,000.

==References==
*[http://www.miterrazaresort.com/about.html Mi Teraza Resort]. miterrazaresort.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://www.leticiasresort.com/#Rates Leticia's Resort]. Leticiasresort.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://www.thecityhideaway.com/page.php?id=3ZL8g8 ABOUT US]. thecityhideaway.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://lagunaprivatepools.com/private-resort/los-banos-laguna/lakewood-private-villas/ Lakewood Clubhouse]. lagunaprivatepools.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://louisseprivateresort.webs.com Louisse Private Resort]. louisseprivateresort.webs.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://palmridgeresort.com Palm Ridge Resort]. palmridgeresort.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://www.lagunaresorts.com.ph/index.php/resorts/45 Amore Mio Resort]. lagunaresorts.com.ph. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://villafrancaresort.com/ Villafranca Resort]. villafrancaresort.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://www.hardincreekside.com/facilities.php Hardin Creekside]. hardincreekside.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)
*[http://blusyl.com/blusyl-packages/blusyl-4/ Blusyl] blusyl.com. (Accessed on 08 April 2013)

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:Top Ten Lists]]
</noinclude>

William Esposo

Smoochies — Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:14:43 GMT

Summary: New page: '''William “Billy” Esposo''' (12 January 1949- 7 April 2013) is a [[Filipino]] columnist, [http://www.rappler.com/nation/25714-billy-esposo-dies ardent advocate of [[People Power]] and...

'''William “Billy” Esposo''' (12 January 1949- 7 April 2013) is a [[Filipino]] columnist, [http://www.rappler.com/nation/25714-billy-esposo-dies ardent advocate of [[People Power]] and full-blooded Filipino patriot].

==Early life and education==
He was born on 12 January 1949 in [[Manila]] to the late Marcial Valbuena Esposo and Praxedes Macgregor Esposo. He studied at the [[Ateneo de Manila University]], [[University of Santo Tomas]] and [[San Sebastian College]]. The last two universities recognized him as the Most Outstanding Alumnus in 1990 and 1991, respectively.

==Career==
At age of 17, he worked as a radio announcer at the Mareco Broadcasting Network (DZBM and DZLM). From 1964 to 1979, he acted in theater and performed major roles mostly in classical plays. In 1970, he joined the advertising world. He last served as President of Asia Communications Center, Inc which was considered as one of the country's top ad agencies during his stewardship. He also taught advertising at the [[Assumption College]] from 1977 to 1985.

In June of 1986, Esposo joined the group that launched ''The Philippine Star'' where he wrote a regular column of “As I Wreck This Chair”. He was one of the stockholder of the Philippine Star which is considered as one of the country's leading newspapers.

Esposo also served as director-general of the Philippine Information Agency (PIA) and chairman of the Radio Philippines Network. He was also the chief of the media bureau of former President [[Corazon C. Aquino]] during the 1986 snap elections.\

He published a book, ''Surviving Chronic Kidney Disease: The Billy Esposo Kidney Diaries'' in 2012. His book is a collection of his notes, which started from when he was diagnosed with chronic renal disease in 1999, that cover a span of twenty-eight months of hemodialysis and kidney transplant. The book is published by Anvil Publishing [http://www.philstar.com/breaking-news/2012/08/19/839911/triumphant-billy-esposo which sponsored the launch together with Powerbooks and Novartis Health Care Philippines Inc].

==Some of his works==
*“The Filipino's survival kit”
*“The end of a nightmare, the start of hope and change”
*“Lucky for us Thailand is not a landlocked neighbor”
*“Signs that we're not a right thinking nation”
*“Tears on Christmas Day”
*“Manny Pacquiao didn't win a great fight”
*“Why some Filipinos can be called idiots”
*“Is MSG really as safe as now being promoted?”

==Awards and recognition==
Esposo was given an award of excellence for the “Seiko Time” television commercial. He was also awarded Philippine Legion of Honor, rank of commander by President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III]] on the 25th annivesary of [[EDSA Revolution of 1986]] on 26 February 2011 [http://interaksyon.com/article/58886/journalist-billy-esposo-64 for his role in the restoration of democracy]. He was also awarded the Most Outstanding Director General by the PIA at the latter's 25th anniversary in 2012 for introducing a new communication strategy.

==Death==
Esposo died of complications from chronic kidney disease on 7 April 2013 at age 64 after being confined at the Makati Medical Center. His remains lie at the Santuario de San Antonio in Forbes Park, Makati City.

==References==
*Romero, Purple.[http://www.rappler.com/nation/25714-billy-esposo-dies “Columnist Billy Esposo dies at 64”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*[http://interaksyon.com/article/58886/journalist-billy-esposo-64 “Journalist Billy Esposo, 64”].''InterAksyon''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/04/07/13/columnist-william-billy-esposo-writes-30 “Columnist William 'Billy' Esposo writes 30”].''ABSCBNnews.com''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*Burgonio, TJ.[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/386625/columnist-billy-esposo-passes-away-at-64 Columnist Billy Esposo passes away at 64”].''Inquirer News''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*[http://raissarobles.com/2013/03/27/please-include-billy-esposo-in-your-prayers/ “Please include Billy Esposo in your prayers”].''raissa robles''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*Matilla, Dexter Rodrigo.[http://www.philstar.com/breaking-news/2012/08/19/839911/triumphant-billy-esposo “The triumphant Billy Esposo”].''philSTAR.com''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*Manicad, Jiggy.[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/157337/24oras/beteranong-mamamahayag-na-si-william-billy-esposo-pumanaw-dahil-sa-sakit-sa-bato “Beteranong mamamahayag na si William 'Billy' Esposo, pumanaw dahil sa sakit sa bato”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*[http://www.nationalbookstore.com.ph/books/health-mind-body/disorders-diseases/surviving-chronic-kidney-disease-the-billy-esposo-kidney-diaries.html “Surviving Chronic Kidney Disease: The Billy Esposo Kidney Diaries”].''National Book Store.com''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).
*[http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Spotlight_on_Filipino_Author_%28F%2709%29#William_M._Esposo “Spotlight on Filipino Author (F'09)”].''WikiPilipinas''.(Accessed on 8 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine Writers]]

Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet

Smoochies — Thu, 04 Apr 2013 06:16:02 GMT

Summary:

[[Image:Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet'']]
'''''Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet''''' is an award-winning book written by [[De La Salle University]] professor Rhoderick Nuncio, Ph.D. Published by DLSU Press and [[Vibal Foundation|Vibal Foundation, Inc.]] (VFI) under the Academia Filipina imprint, the book explores the experience of the internet, in the “real” and “virtual” arenas, [http://168.63.184.113/?books=sanghiyang-sa-mundo-ng-internet as a site for cultural and ideological exchange].

With the aim of digitizing Philippine culture, the VFI and the De La Salle University Academic Publications Office (DLSU-APO) published four sets of e-books. ''Sanghiyang'' and three other books- ''Filipino Religious Consciousness'' by Sylvia Palugod; ''Maharang, Mahamis na Literatura sa Tataramon ng Bikol (Spicy, Sweet Literature in the Bicol Language)'' by Paz Verdades M. Santos; and ''Mabathalang Pag-aaral'' (Religious Studies) by Jose M. de Mesa- are considered to be the first ever Filipino books to be published in digital e-book format (Mobi and ePub), which makes VFI the first Philippine publisher and La Salle the first Philippine university which ventured into digital e-book publishing.

The book is currently available for download as an e-book at [[Vibe|Vibe Bookstore]].

==Background==
Dr. Nuncio's book was inspired by the pagan ritual called ''sanghiyang''. In [[Alfonso, Cavite]], a group of revelers perform a dance ritual where they stomp on burning coals with their bare feet. Dancers claim to feel no pain as they are being engulfed in a collective state of merriment which allows them to indulge on a higher level of spiritual connection with their gods. Clinical psychologists explain the dancers' experience as a two-fold manifestation: the real or the dancing itself and the virtual or the psychedelic experience. Dr. Nuncio decided to use this to write a book which analyzes the emerging internet landscape of the [[Philippines]].

By merging social sciences and humanities, Dr. Nuncio explores different aspects of the internet like online gaming, inter-relationship between the user and the computer, and dynamics of communications among users. As he examines the philosophy behind these dynamics, he observes that while the Internet is an avenue for exchanging information, Philippine academics and web users alike must promote the Filipino point of view in order to achieve and celebrate the true multiplicity of perspective.

==Award and recognition==
*Winner, National Book Award, Social Sciences Category, 2011

==References==
*[http://168.63.184.113/?books=sanghiyang-sa-mundo-ng-internet “Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet”].''Vibal Foundation''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).
*[http://readphilippines.com/Forum/winners-of-the-30th-national-book-awards-t569.html “Winners of the 30th National Book Awards”].''read philippines''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).
*[http://168.63.184.113/books/authors/rhoderick-nuncio/ “Rhoderick Nuncio”].''Vibal Foundation''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).
*[http://nbdb.gov.ph/nbdb-awb/index.php?filter=S “Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet”].''National Book Development Board''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).
*Maguddayao, Merck.[http://www.thepoc.net/breaking-news/media/8025-a-first-in-philippine-publishing-vfi-la-salle-launch-e-books.html “A first in Philippine publishing: VFI, DLSU launch e-books”].''Philippine Online Chronicles''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).

==External link==
*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/sanghiyang-sa-internet.html “Sanghiyang sa Mundo ng Internet”].''Vibe Bookstore''.(Accessed on 4 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine literature]]

Aldrech Ramos

Smoochies — Wed, 03 Apr 2013 07:54:14 GMT

Summary: New page: '''Aldrech Ramos''' (born 3 April 1988) is a Filipino professional basketball player. He currently plays power forward and center positions for the Alaska Aces of the [[Philippine Basketba...

'''Aldrech Ramos''' (born 3 April 1988) is a Filipino professional basketball player. He currently plays power forward and center positions for the Alaska Aces of the [[Philippine Basketball Association]] (PBA).

==Career==
Ramos was part of the [[Far Eastern University|FEU]] Tamaraws team for four years. He tallied a double-double, including a collegiate career high 22 points with 13 rebounds on a 90-63 blowout against the UST Growling Tigers in 2009, in his sophomore campaign. On his third year with the team, he averaged 10.8 points, 8.2 rebounds and 1.8 blocks per game. He was third in MVP voting in 2010, losing to his teammate RR Garcia.

After his final stint with the Tamaraws, he declared for the PBA draft and was selected fifth overall by the Barako Bull. Donning his Barako Bull jacket didn't last long as he was traded to B-Meg in exchange for the 2012 12th overall pick, Sean Anthony.

Ramos also played for San Mig Coffee, Philippine Patriots, Smart Gilas and Harbour C.

==Statistics==
===College Statistics===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Team !! GP !! MPG !! FG% !! 3P% !! FT% !! RPG !! APG !! SPG !! BPG !! PPG
|-
| 2008 || FEU || 16 || 26.0 || .510 || .000|| .690|| 7.5|| 1.1|| 0.2|| '''2.9'''|| 7.8
|-
| 2009 || FEU || 15 || 31.3|| .490|| .400|| .700|| '''11.5'''|| 1.3|| 0.5|| 1.6|| 11.5
|-
| 2010 || FEU ||''' 17'''|| 27.0|| '''.540'''|| '''.500'''|| '''.790'''|| 8.2|| 1.6|| 0.2|| 1.9|| 10.9
|-
| 2011 || FEU || 13|| '''34.2'''|| .500|| .230|| .700|| 10.8|| '''1.7'''|| '''0.7'''|| 1.1|| '''11.8'''
|-
|'''Total'''||'''4 years'''||'''61'''||'''29.6'''||'''.510'''||'''.376'''||'''.720'''||'''9.5'''||'''1.4'''||'''0.4'''||'''1.9'''||'''10.5'''
|}

''*Stats courtesy of Inboundpass.com''

===Career stats===
'''Season 2013 (Philippines)'''
'''Summary'''
{|class= “wikitable”
|-
! Team
! G
! MIN
! PTS
! 2FGP
! 3FGP
! FT
! RO
! RD
! RT
! AS
! PF
! BS
! ST
! TO
|-
| Alaska Aces
| 7
| 5
| 3
| 18
| 6-8
| 2-7
| 0-0
| 1
| 5
| 6
| 1
| 8
| 0
| 1
| 0
|}

'''Average'''
{|class= “wikitable”
|-
|-
! Team
! G
! MIN
! PTS
! 2FGP
! 3FGP
! FT
! RO
! RD
! RT
! AS
! PF
! BS
! ST
! TO
|-
| Alaska Aces
| 7
| 7.6
| 2.6
| 75%
| 28.6%
| 0.0%
| 0.1
| 0.7
| 0.9
| 0.1
| 1.1
| 0.0
| 0.1
| 0.0
|}

'''Season 2013 (Philippines) Details'''
{|class=“wikitable”
|-
! Date
! Team
! Against
! Team
! Result
! MIN
! PTS
! 2FGP
! 3FGP
! FT
! RO
! RD
! RT
! AS
! PF
! BS
! ST
! TO
|-
| 2/9/13
| Alaska Aces
| Rain or Shine
| 83-81
| 15
| 5
| 1-1
| 1-4
| 0-0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 0
|-
| 2/13/2013
| Alaska Aces
| Meralco Bolts
| 85-81
| 7
| 0
| 0-1
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 2/17/2013
| Alaska Aces
| Barako Bull
| 77-73
| 3
| 0
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 3/1/2013
| Alaska Aces
| Talk N Text
| 92-69
| 14
| 9
| 3-4
| 1-2
| 0-0
| 0
| 3
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 3/6/2013
| Alaska Aces
| San Mig Coffee
| 68-75
| 4
| 0
| 0-0
| 0-1
| 0-0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 3/15/2013
| Alaska Aces
| Air21 Express
| 68-74
| 1
| 0
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| 3/17/2013
| Alaska Aces
| Global Port
| 93-85
| 9
| 4
| 2-2
| 0-0
| 0-0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|}

==References==
*Flores, Celest R.[http://sports.inquirer.net/58952/pba-aldrech-ramos-to-b-meg-taha-leads-pba-2nd-round-draftees “PBA: Aldrech Ramos to B-Meg; Taha leads PBA 2nd-round draftees”].''Inquirer Sports''.(Accessed on 3 April 2013).
*[http://basketball.asia-basket.com/player/Aldrech_Ramos/Alaska_Aces/171755 “Aldrech Ramos basketball profile”].''Asia-basket''.(Accessed on 3 April 2013).
*[http://www.pba-online.net/profile/Aldrech-Ramos/243/ “Aldrech Ramos”].''pba-online!''.(Accessed on 3 April 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Filipino Athletes]]
[[Category: Filipino Basketball Players]]
[[Category: Filipino Professional Basketball Players]]

Seven Last Words

Xtopherdelax — Thu, 21 Mar 2013 09:34:10 GMT

Summary: /* The Seven Words */

[[Image:jesusonthecross.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''Image of the Crucified Jesus'''.]]

To view related article in Filipino, please click [http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Huling_Pitong_Wika#Tradisyon Huling Pitong Wika].

The '''Seven Last Words''' (Spanish: '''''Siete Palabras''''') is a Filipino Catholic tradition in which devotees commemorate the words spoken by [[Jesus]] before he died on the cross. It is observed every [[Good Friday]], starting from noon to three in the afternoon.

==The Seven Last Words==

The phrases were originally spoken by Christ in [[Aramaic]] but only one of the seven remained in its orginal form, the ''“Eli, Eli, lama sabacthani”'' or “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?” which is also the opening verse of Psalm 22.

Here are the traditional order of the seven words:

===1. "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do.”===

''“And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death. And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left. Then said Jesus, '''Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.''' And they parted his raiment, and cast lots."”'' (Luke 23:32-34)

This is the word of forgiveness. It is believed to be Jesus' statement of forgiving the people who crucified him.

===2. "Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise."===

''“And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us. But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation? And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss. And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom. And Jesus said unto him, '''Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise."'''”'' (Luke 23:39-43)

The word of salvation. Jesus promised the malefactor, [[Dismas]], in the middle of their suffering, that he would be with him in paradise because he believed in him.

===3. “Woman, behold thy son” . . . “Behold thy mother!”===

''“Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Cleophas, and [[Mary Magdalene]]. When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, '''Woman, behold thy son!''' Then saith he to the disciple, '''Behold thy mother!''' And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.”'' (John 19:25-27).

The word of relationship. Jesus entrusts his mother Mary to one of his disciples as an example of each man's acceptance to every other person.

===4. "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?"===

''“Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, '''My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"”'' (Matthew 27:45-46)

The word of abandonment. It is the only expression that appeared in more than one Gospel. In the verses of the two Gospels immediately following the words, the spectators who hear Jesus’ plea understand him to be calling for help from Elijah.

===5. "I thirst!"===

''“After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, '''I thirst.'''”'' (John 19:28)

This is the word of suffering. This shows how Jesus suffered like any ordinary human being. He was able to feel pain, hunger and even thirst. But he was even more thirsty from mankind's understanding and love. He was forsaken by many during his trial and suffering on the cross.

===6. “It is fnished!”===

''“Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth. When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, '''It is finished''': and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.”'' (John 19:29-30)

The word of triumph. It is theologically interpreted as the declaration of the end of Jesus’ life on earth and the fulfillment of what the prophets had written.

===7. "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!"===

''“And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst. And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, '''Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit''': and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.”'' (Luke 23:44-46)

The word of reunion. These words are interpreted as the announcement of Christ joining His Father in Heaven.

==Tradition==

After the procession of [[The Way of the Cross]], the cross is brought to the alter where the image of the crucified Christ is erected. The friar would reflect on each last word or sometimes, a guest is invited to speak about his own reflection. Each word is followed by a prayer and a song.

At exactly three in the afternoon, the image of Jesus is brought down from the cross—the nails, crown of thorns and wooden plate that says “King of the Jews”—are all removed. Afterwards, the devotees may come near the alter for the ''[[Pahalik sa Krus]]''.

At six o'clock in the evening, a solemn Funeral Procession is held. Different images of different saints present in the Way of the Cross are paraded with the hearse where Jesus is laid is placed last. No mass is held until night of [[Black Saturday]] in which the [[Easter Sunday|Resurrection of Christ]] is celebrated.

==References==

*Roberts, Mark. [http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/series/the-seven-last-words-of-christ-reflections-for-holy-week/ The Seven Last Words of Christ: Reflections for Holy Week]. patheos.com. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)
*Swett, Ben. [http://www.bswett.com/1974-04SevenLastWords.html THE SEVEN LAST WORDS OF CHRIST]. bswett.com. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)
*[http://www.jesuschristsavior.net/Words.html THE SEVEN WORDS OF JESUS ON THE CROSS]. jesuschristsavior.net. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)
*[http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/43/seven_last_words_of_christ.html THE SEVEN LAST WORDS OF JESUS CHRIST FROM THE CROSS]. crossroadsinitiative.com. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)
*[http://visita-iglesia.com/tag/siete-palabras Siete Palabras (Seven Last Words)]. visita-iglesia.com. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)
*[http://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org King James Bible]. Kingjamesbibleonline.org. (Accessed on 21 March 2013)

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category:Philippine Religion and Beliefs]]
[[Category:Religious Observance]]
[[Category:Religious Celebrations and Festivities]]
[[Category:Featured Articles for Main Page]]

The Philippines and Sabah: A Timeline

Smoochies — Mon, 18 Mar 2013 09:53:55 GMT

Summary:

'''Sabah''' is one of the 13 member states of Malaysia which is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. Its capital is Kota Kinabalu. It is often referred to, by seafarers to describe lands which are south of the typhoon belt, as “The Land Below the Wind”.

The petroleum-rich state was considered by [[Muslim|Muslims]] from [[Philippines|Southern Philippines]] [http://philnews.ph/2013/03/02/history-of-sabah-sultanate-of-sulu-claim-against-malaysia/ as part of the former super-power Sultanate of Sulu].

==Timeline of events on the Sultanate of Sulu's Claim Against Malaysia==
'''In 1640s''', recognizing [[Sulu]] and [[Maguindanao|Maguindanao's]] de facto independence, Spain signed treaties with the said strongest sultanates.

'''In 1658''' the Sultan of Brunei gave the northern portion of Borneo, named as Sabah, to the Sultan of Sulu as a reward for his help in sending Tausug warriors which stopped a rebellion and civil war. Since then, it has become the property of the Sultan and the Sultanate of [[Sulu]].

'''In 1704''', the Sultan of Sulu became the sovereign ruler of most of North Borneo. Although there is no existing document stating the grant of land from Sultan of Brunei to Sultan of Sulu, it is accepted by all sides.

'''On 17 March 1824''', the Treaty of London was signed by the Netherlands and Great Britain. The treaty allocated certain territories [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present in the Malay archipelago to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands (Dutch East Indies)].

'''On 23 September 1836''' the Treaty of Peace and Commerce between Spain and Sulu was signed. It granted Spanish protection of [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present sultanate, mutual defense, and safe passage for Spanish and Joloan ships between ports of Manila, Zamboanga, and Jolo].

'''In 1845''' Muda Hassim, uncle of the Sultan of Sulu, was publicly announced as the successor to the Sultanate of Sulu. He was given the title Sultan Muda and became the leader of the “English party”. The British Government appointed James Brooke as a confidential agent in Borneo and extended help to Sultan Muda to deal with piracy and settle the Government of Borneo.

'''In April 1846''' Sir James Brooke received intelligence that the Sultan of Sulu ordered the murder of Muda Hassim and some thirteen Rajas and their followers. Muda Hassim killed himself as he found that resistance was useless.

'''On 19 July 1846''' Admiral Thomas Cochrane, the Commander-in-chief of East Indies and China Station of the Royal Navy issued the Proclamation to cease hostilities if the Sultan of Sulu would respect his engagements with the British government. If the Sultan persisted, the squadron would burn down the capital of the Sultanate.

'''On 7 May 1847''' Brooke was instructed by the British Government to have a treaty with the Sultan of Brunei. British occupation of Labuan, Malaysia was confirmed and the Sultan conceded that no territorial cession of any portion of his country [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present should ever be made to any foreign power without the sanction of Great Britain].

'''On 29 May 1849''' commerce between Britain and the Sultanate of Sulu was convened. The Sultan of Sulu said that he would not concede any territory without the consent of the British.

'''On 30 April 1851''' a treaty was signed between Spain and the Sultan of Sulu, Mohammed Pulalun which made the Sultanate of Sulu part of the Spanish Monarchy.

The letter of The Earl of Derby to Lord Odo Russell '''on 17 January 1867''' said that rights of the Treaty Rights of Spain which may have had to to the sovereignty of Sulu and its dependencies are considered invalid due to the complete failure of Spain [http://www.gov.ph/1876/01/17/philippine-claim-to-north-borneo-vol-i-the-earl-of-derby-to-lord-odo-russell/ to attain a de facto control over the territory claimed].

'''On 30 May 1877''' the Protocol of Sulu, which was signed between Spain, Germany, and Great Britain, provided free movement of commerce and direct trading ships in the Sulu archipelago. The British Ambassadors in Madrid and Berlin were informed that the protocol implied that the Spanish claims over Sulu or its dependencies are recognized.

'''On December 1877''' Alfred Dent, member of the commercial house of Dent Brothers and Co. of London, started his expeditions to control the north part of Borneo.

'''On 22 January 1878''' Sir Dent obtained sovereign control over the northern part of Borneo for 5,300 ringgit (US$ 5,000) from the Sultans of Brunei and Sulu. The Sultan of Sulu Mohammed Jamalul Alam appointed Baron de Overbeck as Datu Bendejara and Raja or Nirth Borneo. Baron de Overbeck was an Australian national sent to Borneo as representative of Dent and Co. to enter negotiations with Sultans and Chiefs of Brunei and Sulu.

'''On December 1878''', Dent and Overbeck submitted the Statement and Application of Debt to the Marquis of Salisbury. Sultan of Sulu Mohammed Jamalul Alam wrote letters to the Governor of Julu, Carlos Martinez and the Captain-General Malcampo to [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present revoke what he termed the lease he granted over North Borneo].

'''On 4 July 1878''' the Sultan of Sulu Mohammed Jamalul Alam sent a letter to the Captain-General of the Philippines that said Sandakan was not ceded to the United Kingdom but was only leased. He added that he only did this under the threat of attack from the British.

'''On 22 July 1878''' the Bases of Peace and Capitulation was signed in Jolo. Sultan of Sulu, Mohammed Jamalul Alam declared the sovereignty of Spain over Sulu and its dependencies but they were free to exercise their religion and customs. The British, German, French, Dutch, and the Spaniards agreed on their spheres of influence in Southeast Asia.

'''On 2 December 1878''' Dent and Overbeck applied for a Charter of Incorporation from Queen Victoria.

'''On 16 April 1879''' Acting Governor William H.Treacher wrote to the Colonial Office and objected the raising of the Spanish flag over Northe Borneo.

'''On 5 November 1879''' the Memorandum by the Duke of Tetuan on the characterization of the Dent-Overbeck Contract was sent to the Marquis of Salisbury.

'''On 1 November 1881''' Queen Victoria granted Charter of Incorporation to the British North Borneo Company which made it as a “Territorial Power” and not as a “Trading Company”.

'''On 16 November 1881''' Spaniards protested the granting of Royal Charter and said that by virtue of treaties of capitulation of 1836, 1851, and 1878, Spain exercised sovereignty over Sulu and its dependencies including North Borneo thus the Sultan of Sulu had no right to enter into any treaties or make any cessions.

'''On 7 January 1882''' the British Foreign Minister Earl Granville sent a letter that said the Crown assumes no dominion over territories occupied by the Company nor purports to grant the Company any power of Government. It only recognized the grant of territory and the powers of government which are made and delegated by the Sultans in whom the sovereignty remained vested.

'''On 7 March 1885''' the Spanish supremacy over Sulu was recognized if they abandon all claim to the portions of Northern Borneo which are now part of the British North Borneo Company's concessions.

'''On 12 May 1888''' because of the ongoing civil war in Sulu, the “State of Borneo” was made a British protectorate. An agreement was made between the British North Borneo Company and Great Britain making the North Borneo Company the rights and powers to govern the territory.

'''On 14 June 1888''' the British Protectorate was established over Sarawak.

'''On 17 September 1888''' the British Protectorate was established over Brunei.

'''In 1892''' [[Jose Rizal]] proposed to the Spanish government that a Filipino colony in Sabah should be established but the plan did not push through.

'''From 1894-1936''', Sultan Jamalul Kiram II ruled the Sultanate of Sulu.

'''In 1896''' Malay States were united into a federal union. Provinces included Negeri Sembilan, Pehang, Perak and Selangor.

'''On 10 December 1898''' the Treaty of Paris ceded the Philippine Islands to the United States of America. [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present The treaty lines did not include North Borneo (Sabah)].

'''In 1899''' President [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] invited the Sultan of Sulu to join the newly-established First Republic of the Philippines. Benito Legarda and Victor Papa were appointed representatives for Jolo at the Malolos Congress.

'''On 20 August 1899''' the Kiram-Bates Treaty was signed. It acknowledged [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present the sovereignty of the United States over Jolo and its dependencies].

'''On December 5, 1899''' William McKinley disscussed American policy towards the Sultanate of Sulu. The policy said that:
*Piracy was supressed and persons engaged in piracy would be brought to justice.
*All trade of domestic products of Jolo when carried with any part of the Philippines and under the American flag were free, unlimited and undutiable.
*The Sultan of Sulu was given full protection from any foreign nation's attempt to impose upon him.
*The United States would not sell Sulu without the Sultan's consent.
*Salaries for the Sultan and his associates in the administration of the islands were US$ 760 monthly.
*Any slave in Jolo was given the right to purchase freedom by paying to the master the usual market value.

'''On 1 February 1900''', William McKinley submitted the copy of Kiram-Bates Treaty to the US Senate. However, it was not ratified by the latter as President Theodore Roosevelt abrogated the treaty.

'''On 7 November 1900''', the Convention of 1900 was passed which consolidated the Amercian possessions in Sulu and included the islands of Sibutu and Cagayan. On that same day, the British North Borneo Company was able to obtain more territory from the Sultan of Sulu.

'''On 3 December 1900''', William McKinley provided details on the Convention of 1900 in his State of the Union Message. He said that to avoid future misunderstanding of the interpretation of the third article of the Treaty of Peace, he directed the negotiation of a supplementary treaty whereby Spain quit all title and claim of title to Sibutu and Cagayan and all islands of the Philippines which lies outside the lines describe in the said treaty. Spain also agreed that all such islands should be comprehended in the cession of the archipelago. In consideration of this cession, the United States paid US$100,000 to Spain.

'''On 2 April 1903''', additional payment of US$300 a year was added to the Confirmatory Deed which stipulated that certain islands which are not mentioned in the Deed of 1878 had always been understood to be included therein.

'''On 19 November 1906''', a note was passed from the U.S. Department of State to the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. It stated that Sabah [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present was not an Imperial possession of the British Crown, that the British North Borneo Company which had leased Sabah from the Sultan of Sulu, did not have a national status, and that the company did not have an administration with the standing of a government].

'''On 22 March 1915''', the Governor-General of the Philippines Frank W. Carpenter and the Sultan of Sulu signed the Carpenter Agreement. It stated that the Sultan of Sulu abandoned his and his heirs' right to temporal sovereignty, tax collection, and arbitration laws but he would get an allowance, a piece of land and recognition as religious leader.

'''On 4 May 1920''', Governor Frank W. Carpenter sent a letter to the Director of Non-Christian Tribes. He emphasized that the signing of the agreement [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present meant the “termination of all the rights of temporal sovereignty” which the Sultan had previously exercised in Sulu within American territory without prejudice to North Borneo].

The British North Borneo Company attempted to have Sultan [[Jamalul Kiram]] to live in Sandakan and acquire a good title to the ownership of the territories. A palace was offered to place himself under their protection. There were two instances where Gov. Carpenter sent the Chief or Police of Jolo to bring the Sultan back from Sandakan.

'''On 11 June 1926''', Representative Bacon filed a bill to separate [[Mindanao]] from the Philippines.

'''On 2 January 1930''', The Boundaries Treaty of 1930 was passed. It clarified the islands belonging to the U.S. and to the State of North Borneo. It also determined the boundaries between the Philippine Archipelago under the U.S. sovereignty and the State of Borneo under the British protection.

The [[Philippine Commonwealth]] was inaugurated '''on 15 November 1935'''. Article 1, National Territory of the 1935 Constitution stated that the Philippines is comprised of all the territory ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris together with all the islands mentioned in the Convention of 1990 (Sibutu and Cagayan), and The Boundaries Treaty of 1930, and [http://www.gov.ph/the-philippine-constitutions/1935-constitution-ammended/ all territory over which the present Government of the Philippine Islands exercises jurisdiction].

Sultan [[Jamalul Kiram]] died '''on 11 June 1936''' and [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present the question of the perpetuation of the Sultanate was raised]. Successor Sultan Muwallil Wasit died before he was crowned. His brother is the claimant, through his niece Dayang-Dayang who is married to Datu Ombra. [[Manuel L. Quezon]] considered her to be the ablest of Moros but the Mohameddan Law does not permit a woman to be Sultan.

Harrison pointed out that the large portion of political sovereignty was already surrendered to Wood in 1903 and to Carpenter in 1915.

Datu Ombra Amilbangsa was proclaimed Sultan of Sulu on '''29 January 1937'''. His title became Sultan Mohammed Amirul Ombra Amilbangsa. His Crown Prince is Esmail Kiram. It was on the same time that Datu Tambuyong was proclaimed and crowned Sultan and became known as Sultan Jainal Aberin. He chose his brother and husband of Tarhata Kiram, Datu Buyungan, as Crown Prince.

Datu Ombra Amilbangsa became Sultan as Esmail Kiram I did not assume the throne. Datu Tambuyong was also crowned Sultan by opposing Moro leaders. They both claimed the sultanate '''from 1937 to 1950'''.

'''On 9 May 1937''', through Dayang-Dayang efforts, the British resumed payment of lease.

'''On 20 September 1937''' President Quezon sent the Memorandum on Administration of Affairs in Mindanao to Secretary Quirino which said that the Titles of Datus and Sultans were recognized but they have no official rights and powers.

Representative of Sulu Datu Amilbangsa wrote to President Quezon '''on 2 October 1937''' and said the Datu claimed the policy was most unnecessary as the non-recognition had already taken effect [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present since the abrogation of the Bates Treaty and the implantation of the Civil Government in the regions referred to].

'''On 8 October 1937''', Executive Jorge Vargas communicated Quezon's policy to the Representative of Sulu Datu Amilbangsa. The policy stated that the titles of Datus and Sultans are recognized but they have no official rights and powers.

'''On 19 December 1939''' the High Court of the State of North Borneo handed down the decision in Civil Suit No. 169/39. In it North Borneo Chief Justice C.F.C. Mackaskie stated that the heirs of the sultan were legally entitled the payment for North Borneo. In the same decision, he rendered an obiter dictum opinion or side note stating that the Philippine Government is the successor-in-sovereignty to the Sultanate of Sulu. The side note however did not establish a legal precedent since the Commonwealth Government had abolished the Sultanate of Sulu.

'''On 4 April 1940''', Dayang-Dayang renounced her [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present claim against the Philippine Government over the Sultanate of Sulu].

World War II transpired '''from 1942 to 1945'''.

The Malayan Union was created '''in 1946'''. The provinces included were Federated Malayan States, Unfederated Malayan States (Johor, Kedah, Kalantan, Perils, Terengganu), Malacca
and Penang.

'''On 18 June 1946''', the American attorneys that represented the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu denounced the British action of annexation of North Borneo and called it an unauthorized act of aggression.

'''On 26 June 1946''' the British North Borneo Company ceded colony to the Crown and annexed North Borneo to the British Empire.

The Third Philippine Republic was inaugurated '''on 4 July 1946'''.

The British Government annexed the territory of North Borneo as a Crown Colony '''on 10 (or 16) July 1946'''.

'''On 26 September 1946''' Presidential Adviser on Foreign Affairs, Francis Burton Harrison, sent a letter of recommendation to the [[Department of Foreign Affairs]] that the Philippines should launch a protest against Britain's annexation.

Harrison wrote a second memorandum on the government of the Sultanate of Sulu '''on 8 December 1946''' and said that he asked Professor [[Henry Otley Beyer|Otley Beyer]] to translate the original lease of North Borneo. Beyer translated it as the land being leased and not ceded.

Harrison stated on his recommendation to the Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Vice President [[Elpidio Quirino]]. He said that the action of the British Government was an act of political aggression and that it should be promptly repudiated by the Philippine Government. He proposed to lay this case before the United Nations before the bar of world opinion.

The Federation of Malaya was created '''on 31 January 1948'''. Malay States became British Protectorates and Malacca and Penang remained as British Colonies.

Sultan Esmail Kiram assumed the throne '''from 1950 until his death in 1974'''.

The [[House of Representatives]] approved the Concurrent Resolution No. 42 '''on 28 April 1950'''. The Resolution expressed the sense of the Congress that North Borneo belongs to the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu and the ultimate sovereignty of the Philippines and authorized Quirino to conduct negotiations for the restoration of such ownership and sovereign jurisdiction over the said territory. The Senate however did not approve the Resolution.

The Philippines advised the British Government '''on 4 September 1950''' that a dispute on ownership and sovereignty over North Borneo existed between the two countries.

Vice President [[Carlos P. Garcia]] and the British Ambassador to Manila signed an agreement '''on 30 August 1955''' that provided employment and settlement of 5,000 skilled and unskilled Filipino agriculturists and miners in North Borneo. However, it was not implemented as North Borneo employers feared multiple suits that would arise from claims of Filipino laborers.

The Governor of North Borneo visited Manila '''on January 1957''' to implement the 1955 labor treaty. 500 Filipino Muslims urged President [[Ramon Magsaysay]] to negotiate with the British to return North Borneo to the Philippines. Magsaysay did not act on the resolution and the United Kingdom High Commissioner for Southeast Asia said [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present it would not take seriously the demands of Moros in the Philippines for certain areas of North Borneo].

The Federation of Malaya Act was signed '''on 31 July 1957'''. It established the Federation of Malaya as a sovereign country within the British Commonwealth.

Sultan of Sulu Muhammad Esmail Kiram issued a proclamation '''on 25 November 1957''' which declared the termination of the Overbeck and Dent lease, effective 22 January 1958. [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present All lands were to be deemed restituted henceforth to the Sultanate of Sulu].

'''In 1957''' Nicasio Osmeña, acting as attorney-in-fact for the heirs, headed a syndicate to negotiate with the British Foreign Officer and asked for a lump sum payment of US$15 million in full settlement of the lease agreement. The attempt however was unsuccesful.

The Peninsular Malaya was granted independence by Britain '''on 31 August 1957'''.

North Borneo (Sabah) was included in the concept of Malaysia after the UK talks '''on 27 May 1961'''. It was when [[Diosdado Macapagal]] was forced to initiate the filing of the Philippine claim in North Borneo as it was [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present being considered as a member of the proposed concept of Malaysia broached by Prime Minister Tengku Abduk Rahman in Singapore].

Attorneys of the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu wrote a letter to the [[Department of Foreign Affairs]] '''on 5 February 1962''' and said that they want to have the territory included as part of the national territory of the Republic of the Philippines. J.C. Orendain, counsel for the heirs, regain proprietary rights to North Borneo and that sovereignty would be turned over to the Philippine Republic.

Heirs of the Sultan of Sulu ceded sovereignty rights over Sabah to the Philippine Government '''on 24 April 1962'''. The Resolution No. 321 urged Macapagal to take necessary steps to recover Sabah.

President Macapagal called Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram to [[Malacañang Palace]] '''on 25 April 1962''' and disscussed the Philippine claim on North Borneo. The Republic of the Philippines accepted the cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by representative Acting Secretary of Foreign Affairs Salvador P. Lopez.

'''On 29 April 1962''', the royal counsel Ruma Bechara advised Sultan Esmail Kiram to cede the territory of North Borneo, and the full sovereignty, title and dominion over the territory to the Republic of the Philippines.

The British Ambassador sent a note to the Vice President and Secretary of Foreign Affairs Emmanuel Pelaez '''on 25 May 1962''' and asserted their claim on Sabah and said there was no dispute on sovereignty and ownership of said territory.

Lopez handed a note to the British Ambassador to Manila '''on 22 June 1962''' and asserted
the Philippine claim on North Borneo. The British Government sent a reply '''on 7 August 1962''' and asserted its sovereignty over Sabah.

Ruma Bechara passed a resolution '''on 29 August 1962''' which authorized the Sultan in council to transfer his title and sovereignty over the inhabitants and territory of North Borneo to the Republic of the Philippines.

'''On 11 September 1962''' Macapagal issued a special authorization in favor of Pelaez to formally accept, on behalf of the Republic of the Philippines, the transfer of sovereignty over the territory of North Borneo by Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram.

Heirs of the Sultan of Sulu ceded all rights, proprietary, title, dominion and sovereignty to the Republic of the Philippines '''on 12 September 1962'''. The Secretary of Foreign Affairs sent a Note to British Ambassador which asserted that the Philippine claim subsists even if North Borneo was included in the Federation of Malaysia in the London Agreements.

Pelaez addressed the United Nations General Assembly '''on 27 September 1962''' and stood firm on what the country considered to be a valid legal and historical grounds and that the government desired the issue to be settled by peaceful means [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present and without prejudice to the exercise of the right of self-determination by the inhabitants of North Borneo, preferably under United Nations auspices].

The Philippine and British Governments presented a joint statement '''on 29 December 1962''' after a series of invites to hold a conversation regarding the security and stability of South East Asia. Both parties have agreed at a mutually convenient date in 22 January 1963.

Indonesian President Sukarno pledged support to the Philippines on '''26 January 1963'''.

In his State of the Nation Address '''on 28 January 1963''', President Macapagal restated the position of the country on SONA and that the pursuit of the claim was vital in the country's national security.

Talks between the British and Philippine Governments were held in London '''from 28 January to 1 February 1963'''. The Philippines panel was composed of Vice President and Foreign Affairs Secretary Pelaez, Usec. Salvador P. Lopez, Defense Secretary Macario Peralta, Justice Secretary Juan Liwag, Senator Raul Manglapus, Rep. Jovito Salonga and Godofredo Ramos, and Amb. Eduardo Quintero. The Philippines and the United Kingdom submitted a Joint Final Communique which stated their claims '''on 1 February 1963'''.

'''On 25 March 1963''', Senator Sumulong opposed to the filing of the Philippine claim to Sabah and pointed out that the country's claim did not specify which particular portion of North Borneo was covered by it. Representative Salonga responded to Senator Sumulong '''on 30 March 1963''' and said the claim is of the entire Republic [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present based on respect for the rule of law, the sanctity of contractual obligations, the sacredness of facts, and the relentless logic of our situation in this part of the world].

The Federation of Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines met '''from 7 June to 11 1963''' and the meeting resulted in the drafting of the Manila Accord.

The Malaysia Agreement was signed '''on 9 July 1963''' and article 1 provided for the creation of the Federation of Malaysia. It included colonies of Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak.

A consultative body among Malaya, Philippines and Indonesia was formed '''from 30 July to 5 August 1963'''. It was called MAPHILINDO.

The Manila Accord was signed '''on 31 July 1963'''. Indonesia, the Federation of Malaya and the Philippines signed a policy statement which agreed to peacefully resolve the issue on North Borneo. Ministers of the country agreed to the creation of Malaysia [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present with the support of the people of North Borneo to be ascertained by an independent body].

The Philippines, the Federation of Malaya and Indonesia released a joint statement '''on 5 August 1963''' which stated that the United Nations Secretary-General or his representative should ascertain the wishes of the people of Sabah and Sarawak within the contect of General Assembly before the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia. The said countries also issued a jount communique and said that the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present would not prejudice either the Philippine claim or any right thereunder].

'''On 5 August 1963''' Foreign Affairs Secretary Lopez tried to have the British Government enter into a special arrangement to refer the dispute to the International Court of Justice.

The Federation of Malaysia became a sovereign state, with North Borneo as one of the component states '''on 16 September 1963'''. Because the new State of Malaysai succeeded to the interests of the British Crown in Sabah, the Philippine claim had to be pursued against Malaysia. After Macapagal conferred with congressional leaders and foreign policy advisers, he decided not to immediately recognize the federation of Malaysia until the Philippines would formally be assured that the New Malaysia would uphold the Manila Accord.

The Philippines refused to recognize Malaysia. Together with Indonesia, they rejected the UN Findings and broke off diplomatic relations with Kuala Lumpur '''on 17 September 1963'''.

A referendum was conducted in North Borneo '''in 1963''' where the people of North Borneo chose to join Malaysia.

'''From 5 to 10 February 1964''', allies including the U.S.A. attempted to mediate among Malaya, Philippines and Indonesia. It resulted to a series of talks in Bangkok.

President Macapagal and Federation of Malaya Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Raman met in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Tunku agreed to elevate the Sabah dispute to the World Court if the Sabah leaders would go along.

After allies including the U.S.A. drew a series of attempts to mediate among the three MAPHILINDO countries ''''from 3 to 6 March 1964''', a series of talks in Tokyo followed.

The Philippine-Malaysia Diplomatic Relations was established '''on 18 May 1964''' after a Consulate was created in Kuala Lumpur.

'''On 19 November 1964''', the Philippines submitted a proposal to send the dispute to the International Court of Justice to adhere to the rule of law and the UN Charter.

Singapore was expelled from the Federation of Malaysia '''on 9 August 1965'''.

Malaysia reiterated its willingness to abide by the Manila Accord '''on 3 June 1966'''.

'''In 1967''', President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] initiated “Operation Merdeka” which involved training of commandos in [[Corregidor]]. ''Merdeka'' is an Indo-Malayan term meaning "to set free" or simply "freedom". They aimed to infiltrate Sabah but different reasons were given as to why the plan did not succeed. A version said that then Senator [[Benigno Aquino, Jr.|Ninoy Aquino]] exposed their secret operation thus it became a big failure in Philippine military strategy. [http://www.maranao.com/bangsamoro/0703-massacre.htm Other reasons given were the nonpayment of their monthly allowances and the trainees' desires to resign.' Another version spoke of the mutiny of the trainees which forced their military handlers to order the massacre of the entire company, so that none could survive to tell the story of the horrendous nightmare.]

The [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) was established '''on 8 August 1967'''. It is an economic and geo-political organization composed of the ten countries of Southeast Asia. This organization was initially comprised of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines.

Young Muslim recruits who were trained to invade Sabah were killed '''on 18 March 1968'''. 135 trainees were brought to [[Corregidor]]. They were promised a monthly allowance but it never came thus it triggered a widespread demoralization which culminated in a petition to Marcos. The Army was ordered to fix the situation but the young trainees mutinied against their training officers thus making the Oplan Merdeka open for expose. The government panicked and ordered the Army to kill the recruits. Their bodies were burned before being thrown into the sea. The event which became known as the Jabidah Massacre was exposed in a privilege speech by [[Benigno Aquino, Jr.|Senator Benigno S. Aquino, Jr.]]

Constancio B. Maglana delivered a privilege speech '''on 27 March 1968''' in the [[House of Representatives]] on the Philippine claim on Sabah. He published ''Sabah is Philippines'' (1969) and emphasized the basis for the Philippine claim as well as advocated the prosecution of the claim.

'''On 29 March 1968''' Senate Minority Floor Leader Ambrosio Padilla revealed a document dated 1 February 1968 [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present which was a power of attorney executed by the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu] which recognized the power of President Marcos to represent them in the settlement of proprietary rights over Sabah. Press Secretary Jose Aspiras said that [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present the authority had been given to the President as Chief Executive]. Malacañang also released another document, dated on the same date as the first document, in which Marcos transferred to Foreign Affairs Secretary Narciso Ramos the authority given by the heirs of the President.

The Philippines and Malaysia engaged in a conversation in Bangkok '''on 17 June 1968'''. The Philippine panel was composed of Ambassador Gauttier Bisnar, Amb. Eduardo Quintero, Dr. Florentino Feliciano, Amb. Leon Ma. Guerrero and Amb. Mauro Caluigo. The Delegation's Term of Reference was to elevate the dispute to the World Court.

Malaysia rejected the Philippine claim and said the latter has no claim at all and that there was nothing to settle and nothing more to talk about.

'''On 16 July 1968''', Amb. Guerrero responded to the rejection of Malaysia and said that the [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present Ambassador’s “unipersonal rejection” has “single-handedly brought our two countries to the most serious crisis in their relations.”] Upon the advice of the Foreign Policy Council, Marcos broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia '''on 20 July 1968'''. On the following day, he issued a policy statement about the Philippine claim. He reiterated the efforts of the government in pursuing the claim and advocated the recourse to file the case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

Congress approved Senate Bill No. 954 '''on 28 August 1968'''. The bill delineated the baselines of the Philippines and provided that the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty on North Borneo where Sabah is situated. The bill was sent to the President for approval. The Commander-in-chief of the British forces in Far East, Admiral Michael Carver, said that his troops, ships and planes stand behind Malaysia in the growing crises with the Philippines over Northern Sabah. The bill was signed by Marcos '''on 18 September 1968''' and it became Republic Act No. 5446. US State Department Press Officer Robert J. McCloskey said the U.S. recognized Malaysia as the owner of Sabah.

Marcos called U.S. Ambassador R.G. Mennen Williams and asked for assurance that U.S would abide by her treaty of defending the Philippines in case the Britain or Malaysia attacks.

It was on that same date that a thousand students from the University of Malaya stoned the building of the Philippine embassy in Kuala Lumpur and [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present pulled down the Philippine flag from its pole and trampled upon it].

On the 23rd Session of the UN General Assembly which was held '''on 15 October 1968''', the Philippines and Malaysia were tangled in a debate over the Sabah issue. The Philippines stood by its policy statement of bringing the issue up to the World Court as consistent with the Manila Accord Agreement while Malaysia defended that the people of Sabah had shown their desire to join the Federation of Malaya and upheld the British title to Sabah.

'''On December 1968''', Malaysia proposed that the Philippines recognize her sovereignty over Sabah in order to normalize the Philippine-Malaysian diplomatic relations, without prejudice to the latter pursuing her claim.

In his State of the Nation Address '''on 22 January 1969''', Marcos said that the Philippine claim to North was justified based on legal, historical and moral grounds and that the country's claim will be pursued peacefully.

Diplomatic relations between Malaysia and the Philippines formally resumed '''on December 1969''' after a discussion between Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman and Secretar of Foreign Affairs [[Carlos P. Romulo]].

[[Martial Law]] was declared '''on 23 September 1972'''. The [[Moro National Liberation Front]] started rebellion against the government a month after.

Written in the Article on National Territory of '''The 1973 Constitution''' was that the national territory is comprised of the Philippine archipelago [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all the other territories belonging to the Philippines by historic or legal title].

After Sultan Esmail Kiram's death, Mahakuttah Kiram served as Sultan '''from 1974 to 1986'''.

A Consultative Council on Muslim Affairs was created '''on 13 May 1974''' through Executive Order No. 429, S. 1974.

The [[Tripoli Agreement]] was signed '''on 23 December 1976'''. It was an agreement between the Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF), with the participation of the Quadripartite Ministerial Commission Members of the Islamic Conference and the Secretary General of the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC). According to the agreement, full autonomy shall be given to the thirteen provinces, namely Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Basilan, Davao del Sur, South Cotabato, North Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Lanao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, and Palawan.

Marcos gave up claim to Sabah '''on 4 August 1977''' to eliminate one of the burdens of ASEAN. He handed out the draft of the “Border Crossing and Joint Patrol Agreement” to Malaysia” but it was not signed since the latter asked two things from the Philippines: (1)1973 Constitution with its broad definition of national territory amended
(2)Reversal/removal of R.A. 5446, particularly Section 2.

At the ASEAN Foreign Ministers Conference in Kuala Lumpur '''on 25 June 1980''', Arturo Tolentino said that the Philippine claim to Sabah was closed. Usec. of Foreign Affairs Pacifico Castro and Tan Sri Zainal met intermittently in Manila and Kuala Lumpur.

Minister Roberto V. Ongpin and Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad engaed in secret talks '''from 1982 to 1985'''.

In a brief interview after speaking before the ASEAN Law Association General Assembly '''in November 1982''', PM Mahatir reiterated that the Philippines should drop its claim on Sabah since the claim remained a “thorny problem” even though the Philippines was not actively pursuing it.

Vice President and Minister for Foreign Affairs Salvador H. Laurel met with PM Mahathir and Foreign Minister Tengku Ahmad Rithauddeen in Kuala Lumpur '''on 1 May 1986'''. Mahathir reiterated that a single spokesperson from the heirs of the Sultan would be the one the Malaysian government would deal with.

ASEAN Foreign Ministers met in Manila '''in June 1986'''. Usec. of Foreign Affairs Jose D. Ingles and Sec. Gen. of Malaysian Foreign Ministry discussed Sabah question.

The Constitution Commission entered into a series of debates '''on 3 July 1986'''. In a draft proposed by [[Joaquin G. Bernas|Fr. Joaquin Bernas, S.J.]] replaced [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present “Historical right or legal title” from the National Territory section of the Constitution and replaced it with “Over which the Government exercises Sovereignty and Jurisdiction”] to adhere with the generally accepted principles of law. Commissioner Serafin Guingona objected this proposal and said that it might be interpreted as a dropping of the Philippines claim to Sabah.

The Constitutional Commission debated '''on 7 July 1986'''. The provision of National Territory which states “Over which the Government exercises Sovereign Jurisdiction” was approved on second reading. The said line was lost on the third reading two days after. The final title was “Over which the Government has Sovereignty and Jurisdiction”.

The 1987 Constitution was put into full force and effect '''on 16 February 1987'''. The National Territory was described as comprising the [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines].

Usec. of Foreign Affairs Jose D. Ingles and Tan Sir Zainal held a series of talks in Kuala Lumpur '''on 20 February 1987'''. Ingles and Secretary-General of Malaysian Foreign Ministry also met to discuss the Sabah question.

Ingles and Zainal held further talks '''on 27 June 1987''' in Hong Kong. Ingles and the Secretary-General of Malaysian Foreign Ministry also met as well to continue the Sabah question discussion. The Philippines agreed to adopt a new baseline law as Malaysia [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present proposed agreements on border crossing, extradition, Treaty of Friendship, and establishment of consulates].

Upon the instruction of President [[Corazon C. Aquino]], Secretary of Foreign Affairs [[Raul Manglapus]] sent a letter to Senator Santanina Rasul '''on 23 October 1987'''. He suggested that the claimants should organize themselves and arrive at a common position so the Malaysian government and the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu would be able to settle the matter. Rasul was able to bring the heirs to Malacañang and appointed representatives. Talks were stalled however when Jamalul III dissented.

'''On 19 November 1987''', Senator [[Leticia Ramos Shahani|Leticia Ramos-Shahani]] filed Senate Bill No. 206 to repeal R.A. No. 5446. Shahani emphasized that [http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?search=Leticia+Ramos-Shahani&fulltext=Search a package of bilateral treaties agreements on amity and economic cooperation, extradition, and border-crossing and patrols] were offered in exchange for droppping of the Sabah claim. The bill was certified urgent by Aquino but it faced stiff opposition and was not passed in the 8th Congress.

Aquino and Manglapus held a series of talks with the heirs without Jamalul Kiram III '''from 4 to 6 December 1987'''. The heirs were of the opinion the Jamalul Kiram [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present was expressing his own personal views which contravene the consensus reached at the meeting].

Former Senator [[Arturo Tolentino]] oppossed the Shalani Bill '''on 28 August 1988'' as it would drop the Sabah claim.

'''On 12 February 1989''', Sultan Mohammad Jamalal Kiram III who was one of the claimants to the throne, revoked the resolution of August 1962 which transferred the title and sovereignity of Sabah to the Republic of the Philippines.

President [[Fidel V. Ramos]] issued Executive Order No. 46 '''on 11 January 1993'''. It created the Bipartisan Executive-Legislative Advisory Council which would focus on the Sabah issues.

Ramos went to Malaysia '''on 27 January 1993''' for a state visit which lasted until the 30th. Both parties agreed to set up a consulate in Sabah and [[Davao]]. Ramos downplayed the North Borneo issue despite calls from members of Congress to pursue the claim.

Ramos attempted to unify the heirs to the Sultanate. '''On 10 February 1993''' he suggested to them that they create a corporation called the Sulu-Sabah Development Corporation which would be the conduit of funds from the settlement of the proprietary claim.

'''In July 1993''', the Philippines and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Joint Commission on Bilateral Cooperation. The first meeting of the commission was held '''from 6 to 10 December 1993'''. Together, they discussed the reciprocal establishment of the Consular Offices in the Philippines and Malaysia.

'''On 26 March 1994''', Ramos proposed the creation of BIMP-EAGA or the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines-East ASEAN Growth Area.

At the 10th Congress '''in 1995''', Representative [[Manny Villar]] introduced House Bill 2657 or The Philippine Exclusive Economic Zone Act of 1995.

On the 2nd PH-Malaysia Joint Commission for Bilateral Cooperation (JCBC) meeting held '''from 28-29 March 1995''', Malaysia has decided to establish a Consulate General in Davao which would be set up either in May or June 1995. The Philippines, who has yet to decide on the location of its location of its Consulate in East Malaysia, assured its full cooperation in the establishment of Malaysian Consulate. Malaysia was able to set up a Consulate but the Philippines did not push through.

The JCBC held its 3rd annual meeting '''from 29 to 31 May 1995'''. Both parties have agreed on the need to hold informal consultations with relevant agencies to resolve outstanding problems especially on the Filipino workers and illegal immigrants. On the Opening Remarks of the Malaysian Minister of Foreign Affairs Datuk Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi, he said that the Armed Forces and Police of both countries have [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present concluded a historic joint patrol exercise designed to curb piracy, illegal entry and illegal fishing in the territorial waters of the two countries]. A working group between two countries also met to deal with matters of border-crossing.

'''In 1996''', Princess Denchurain Kiram sent a letter to Malaysian Prime Minister Mahatir and asked to increase the rental of US$1,000,000. She added that she was willing to renounce the claim if the Malaysian Government would provide a fair settlement. The proposal however was refused by the Prime Minister.

'''On 2 September 1996''', the Government was able to have a peace agreement with the [[MNLF]]. '''In December of the same year''', Border Crossing and Joint Patrol agreements were signed by Malaysia and the Philippines.

In the 11th Congress in 1998, House Bill 2973 or the [[Republic Act No. 9522|Archipelagic Baselines Law of the Philippines]]. It was introduced by [[Jose Apolinario Lozada Jr.]].

The Executive Order No. 117 was passed '''on 5 July 1999'''. It reconstituted the Bipartisan Executive-Legislative Advisory Council on the Sabah Issues. HB 2973 was re-filed as HB 2031 on the 12th Congress.

The 4th JCBC was held '''from 1 to 3 March 2000'''. The Philippines noted its commitment to establish a Philippine Consulate in Sabah.

'''In January 2001''', Sultan Esmail Kiram sent a letter to Prime Minister Mahathir, through President [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]. Kiram asked to increase the lease fee to US$855 million per annum.

'''In February 2001''', the Philippines filed for Application to Gain Access to the Pleadings at the International Court of Justice hearing on the Ligitan-Sipadan Islands dispute between Malaysia and Indonesia. This was to [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present “to preserve and safeguard its historical and legal rights arising from its claim to sovereignty and dominion over the territory of North Borneo.”] A month after, the Philippines petitioned the ICJ to intervene in the territorial dispute over Sipadan and Ligitan Islands. The ICJ denied the Philippines' application for intervention '''on 24 October 2001'''.

'''On 14 March 2001''', Malaysian authorities reportedly expressed willingness to buy Sabah for US$800 million. The deal was supposedly initiated by the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu through the legal counsel Ulka Ulama.

Upon Arroyo's return from a state visit to Malaysia '''on 9 August 2001''', she asked Vice President and Foreign Affairs Secretary [[Teofisto Guingona]] to set up an economic and cultural office in Sabah which would be similar to the Manila Economic and Cultural Office in Taiwan.

'''In November 2001''', [[ARMM|Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]] Governor [[Nur Misuari]] ordered his troops to wage rebellion. He managed to escape to Malaysia but the Malaysian government extradited him back to the Philippines.

At the invitation of President Arroyo, some of the heirs were able to meet in the Malacañang Palace. Jamalul Kiram III was recognized as the Sultan. Arroyo sent a letter to the Malaysian Prime Minister and asked for the adjustment of rent to Sabah.

Executive Order No. 121 was passed '''on 6 September 2002''' to reconstitute the Bipartisan Executive-Legislative Advisory Council on the Sabah Issues.

'''On 19 September 2002''', Arroyo assured the heirs of the Sultan of Sulu that they are protected.

'''In August 2002''', reports of harsh treatment on Filipino deportees spark diplomatic protest from Manila. Lawmakers supported revival of Sabah claim. Arroyo urged officials and the public to separate the issue of territorial dispute from the issue of Filipino deportees.

Passed in the 13th Congress were HB 1973 which defines the archipelagic baselines of the Philippine archipelago including the Kalayaan Island Group and conforms with the provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and HB 6087 which defines the archipelagic baselines of the Philippine archipelago and amends the RA 3046.

In the annual meeting of JCBC held '''from 14 to 16 July 2004''', parties discussed the situation of the Filipino workers in Sabah and proposed that the Philippines should set up a consulate there as soon as possible.

EO 357 abolished the Bipartisan Executive-Legislative Advisory Council on the Sabah Issues '''on 14 September 2004'''. Its functions were transferred to the [[Department of Foreign Affairs|DFA]].

'''In September 2005''', the Royal Sultanate of Sulu Archipelago's Supreme Council warned the Government of Malaysia not to enteratin claims of Sultan Rodinood Julaspi Kiram on the resolution of the North Borneo territorial issue.

In the closing statement of Malaysian Foreign Minister Dato Serid Syed Hamid Albar at the 6th Malaysia-PH Joint Commission Meeting held '''from 27 to 28 April 2006''', he asked Secretary [[Alberto Romulo]] to find ways to bring a conclusion to bilateral matters especially on the displaced people in Sabah and the setting up of the Philippine Consulate General in Kota Kinabalu.

Mohammad Fuad Abdulla Kiram I was procl the 35th Sultan of the Royal Hashimite Sultanate of Sulu and Sabah '''on 3 June 2006'''.

In the '''May 2007''' elections, Jamalul Kiram III run for a post in the Senate but lost. [http://www.congress.gov.ph/committees/commnews/commnews_det.php?newsid=788 HB 1202 or the New Baselines Law] was introduced by Antonio Cuenco on the 14th Congress.

Nur Misuari called for the revival of the North Borneo claim in the 2nd Mindanao Leadership Summit attended by MNLF combatants held '''on 29 May 2008'''. Sabah Progressive Party President Datuk Seri Panglima Yong Teck Lee urged Malaysia's Federal Government to bring in the military, set up consulates in Mindanao and invite the Philippines to set up a consulate in Sabah.

'''On 9 July 2008''', the Sultanate of Sulu was reported to issue birth certificates to Filipinos in Sabah.

'''On 27 July 2008''', the negotiator of Mohammad Jamal Al Alam heirs Datu Omar, was quoted to have obtained signatures of nine heirs who relinquished their claims to Sabah. These are denied by the claimants. Uka Ulama said that nobody has the power to drop the claim as [http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present there is no more Sultan who reigns and rules over the territory].

'''On 10 August 2008''', the Sulu provincial government told Malaysia to increase annual payment to Jamalul Kiram III to US$500 million.

Arroyo issued Memorandum Circular No. 162 or the “Guidelines on matters pertaining to North Borneo (Sabah)" '''on 20 August 2008'''. Itb said that there is no recognition of a foreign state's sovereignity over North Borneo and that any activity there was carried out only with the clearance of or after consultations with the DFA.

Arroyo signed [[Republic Act No. 9522|RA 9522]] '''on 10 March 2009'''. To fulfill the second Malaysian stipulation, she removed the mention of Sabah or North Borneo in the Archipelagic Baselines of the Philippine law.

'''In 2010''', Misuari issued a statement which called for the attention of Malaysia to settle the Sabah issue.

'''In June 2010''', the Sulu provincial board passed a resolution which supported the demand of the heirs to increase the annual payment to at least US$500 million.

The decision of the Supreme Court GR No. 187176 released '''on 16 July 2011''' upheld the baseline law which retained the Philippine claim over Sabah.

Malaysian House Speaker Pandikar Amin Haji Mulia visited the Philippines '''from 24 to 27 April 2012'''. He raised the matter of opening the consulate. President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III]] instructed the Secretary of Foreign Affairs to study the proposal.

'''On 5 June 2012''', upon Vice President [[Jejomar Binay|Jejomar Binay's]] return from a visit to Malaysia, he recommended to Aquino the setting up of the Philippine Consulate in Sabah.

Over 200 followers of Jamalul Kiram landed in Datu Village in Sabah '''on 12 February 2013'''. A 17-day standoff instigated by the followers of Sultan of Sulu in Lahud Datu, Sabah followed.

On the morning of '''1 March 2013''', it was reported that Malaysian forces have started shooting on Filipinos who were holed up in Sabah. At noon, the spokesman of Kiram held a press conference in Taguig and reported that at least 10 people were killed while 4 others were wounded in the assault. At 1 P.M., Malaysia denied that they fired the first shot. An hour after, the Palace said that only warning shots were fired and that there were no deaths. Aquino arrived in [[Pampanga]] to campaign with Team PNoy and monitored the Sabah situation. At 3 P.M., Malaysia released a statement through DFA saying that only three people died from the encounter. An hour later, the Philippines formally asked the Malaysian government an explanation on what really happened in Lahud Datu. At 4:30 P.M., the sultan's spokesman told reporters that a hundred Filipinos in Sabah were arrested thus signalled the start of a “crackdown”. At 7 P.M., Malaysia reported that 12 Filipinos were killed in the firefight. At 8 P.M., Malacañang said that the standoff was not yet over as Malaysian security forces and Kiram's followers were in Sabah. The administration appealed to the Kiram family to return to the Philippines. Aquino ordered Kiram's camp to “unconditionally surrender”.

Six Malaysian policemen were killed in an ambush, which lasted '''from 2 to 4 March 2013''' at the water village of Kampung Sri Jaya Simunul, Semporna. Six of the armed intruders were also killed. It was reported that the bodies of the policemen were badly mutilated.

Philippine Foreign Affairs Under Secretary Jose Brillantes and Philippine Ambassador to Malaysia J. Eduardo Malaya met Malaysian Defence Minister Dr Ahmad Zahid Hamidi and Home Minister Datuk Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein '''on 4 March 2013''' to seek a peaceful resolution.

Airstrikes (F-18 and Hawk Fighter jets) were launched on Kiram's group holed up at Kampung Tanduo in Lahad Datu, Sabah '''on 5 March 2013'''. Army and police follow-up operations and searches in the area were also conducted. Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak asked the government to take appropriate action to protect its dignity and sovereignity as demanded by the people. In a media conference, Armed Forces Chief Gen Tan Sri Zulkifeli Mod Zin declared that “Ops Daulat” was able to achieve its objectives. The Malaysian Home and Defense Ministers said that security forces did not suffer any casualties. Manhunt for the remaining armed group in the area continued.

'''On 6 March 2013''', a supporter of Kiram was shot. Stand-off remained [http://ph.news.yahoo.com/sabah-crisis/ as 300,000 Malaysian citizens of Suluk descent distanced themselves from areas taken by Kiram's supporters]. Malaysian mulls sought Kiram's extradition.

In a press conference held in Manila '''on 7 March 2013''', Sulu Sultan Kiram called for a unilateral ceasefire. Malaysia rejected his plea and instead asked for an unconditional surrender. UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon called [http://ph.news.yahoo.com/sabah-crisis/ for an end to the violence in Sabah and encouraged dialogue among all parties for a peaceful resolution of the situation].

In a statement of Aquino to the graduating cadets of the [[Philippine Military Academy]] '''on 17 March 2013''' he emphasized that “earnest dialogue is more effective, more productive and more beneficial to all, as opposed to pointing weapons at each other.”

==References==
*Umbao, Ed.[http://philnews.ph/2013/03/02/history-of-sabah-sultanate-of-sulu-claim-against-malaysia/ “History of Sabah: Sultanate of Sulu’s Claim Against Malaysia”].''Philippine News''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013).
*Quezon, Manuel III.[http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present “North Borneo (Sabah): An annotated timeline 1640s-present”].''Inquirer Global Nation''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013)
*[http://www.gov.ph/1876/01/17/philippine-claim-to-north-borneo-vol-i-the-earl-of-derby-to-lord-odo-russell/ “The Earl of Derby to Lord Odo Russell”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 11 March 2013).
*[http://www.gov.ph/1879/11/06/philippine-claim-to-north-borneo-vol-i-memorandum-by-the-duke-of-tetuan-on-the-characterization-of-the-dent-overbeck-contract-nov-5-1879/ “Memorandum by the Duke of Tetuan on the characterization of the Dent-Overbeck Contract, Nov. 5, 1879”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 11 March 2013).
*[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=div&did=FRUS.FRUS1900.i0030&isize=text “United States Department of State/ Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, with the annual message of the president transmitted to Congress December 3, 1900 (1900)”].''Foreign Relations of the United States''.(Accessed on 12 March 2013).
*[http://www.gov.ph/1915/03/22/philippine-claim-to-north-borneo-vol-i-memorandum-agreement-between-the-governor-general-of-the-philippine-islands-and-the-sultan-of-sulu/ “Memorandum Agreement between the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands and the Sultan of Sulu”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 13 March 2013).
*[http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=yc8WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA475&lpg=PA473#v=onepage&q&f=false “Philippines-North Borneo Boundaries-Jan 2, 1930”].''Google Books''.(Accessed on 13 March 2013).
*[http://www.gov.ph/the-philippine-constitutions/1935-constitution-ammended/ “1935 Constitution amended”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 13 March 2013).
*Del Rosario, Alejandro.[http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/02/23/jabidah-sabah/ “Jabidah, Sabah”].''Manila Standard Today''.(Accessed on 15 March 2013).
*Whitman Paul F.[http://corregidor.org/heritage_battalion/jabidah.html “THE CORREGIDOR MASSACRE – 1968”].''Corregidor Historic Society''.(Accessed on 15 March 2013).
*Jubair, Salah.[http://www.maranao.com/bangsamoro/0703-massacre.htm “Massacre in the Rock”].''Maranao.com''.(Accessed on 15 March 2013).
*Gloria, Glenda M.[http://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/22943-sabah,-merdeka-and-aquino “Sabah, Merdeka and Aquino”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 15 March 2013).
*[http://www.congress.gov.ph/committees/commnews/commnews_det.php?newsid=788 “NEW BASELINES LAW TOPS FOREIGN AFFAIRS CTTEE PRIORITIES”].''15th Congress House of Representatives''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*[http://www.malaysia-today.net/mtcolumns/from-around-the-blogs/54806-north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present “North Borneo (Sabah): An annotated timeline 1640s-present”].''Malaysia Today''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*Uy, Veronica C.[http://www.interaksyon.com/article/56280/lessons-from-the-past—philippine-claim-over-sabah-is-solid---salonga “LESSONS FROM THE PAST | Philippine claim over Sabah is solid – Salonga”].''InterAksyon''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*Sta. Maria, Mel.[http://www.interaksyon.com/article/55753/mel-sta-maria--sabah-is-ours--we-should-claim-it “MEL STA.MARIA | Sabah is ours. We should claim it”].''InterAksyon''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*Mariano, Jules.[http://www.thepoc.net/commentaries/17963-sabah-history-consipracy-conflict.html “Sabah: History, Consipracy, Conflict”].''Philippine Online Chronicles''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*[http://www.rappler.com/nation/22876-sabah-bloody-friday “[TIMELINE] Sabah's bloody Friday”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*[http://ph.news.yahoo.com/sabah-crisis/ “Understanding the Sabah Crisis”].''Yahoo! News''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).
*Cabreza, Vincent and Cimatu, Frank.[http://globalnation.inquirer.net/69399/aquino-calls-for-talks-on-sabah “Aquino: Let’s talk on Sabah”].''Inquirer Global Nation''.(Accessed on 18 March 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: History of Sabah]]
[[Category: Foreign relations of Malaysia]]
[[Category: Foreign relations of the Philippines]]

International Women's Day

Smoochies — Fri, 08 Mar 2013 03:40:00 GMT

Summary: New page: The '''International Women's Day''' (IWD), also known as the '''United Nations (UN) Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace''', is a celebration of a thousand of events held throu...

The '''International Women's Day''' (IWD), also known as the '''United Nations (UN) Day for Women’s Rights and International Peace''', is a celebration of a thousand of events held throughout the world to inspire women and celebrate their achievements. Activities range from political rallies, business conferences, government activities and networking events through to local women's craft markets, theatric performances, fashion parades and more.

In the [[Philippines]], the Women’s Month/Day Celebration is pursuant to:
*Proclamation No. 224 s. 1988 which declares the first week of March each year as Women’s Week and March 8 as Women’s Rights and International Peace Day
*Proclamation No. 227 s. 1988 which provides for the observance of the Month of March as Women’s Role in History Month
*Republic Act (RA) 6949 s. 1990 which March 8 of every year as National Women’s Day

==History==
The observance of IWD was a result of the organizing activities of the early 20th Century women. Between 1909 and 1911, working women in the United States participated [http://pcw.gov.ph/event/2013-womens-month-celebration in organizing strike activities of the National Women’s Trade Union League and other concerned groups]. They were against low wages, lack of protective legislation and poor working conditions they were subjected to.

Inhumane working conditions and other unfair labor practices, which led to the tragic March 25 Triangle Shritwaist Factory fire in New York City, were invoked during observances of IWD. The said tragic event took the lives of more than 140 working girls who are mostly Italian and Jewish immigrants.

In Europe, Clara Zetkin and the Socialist Women's International demanded that the International Women's Day must be celebrated every March 8th each year to recognize workingwomen around the world. IWD served as the inspiration of 10,000 women textile workers who held a general strike which began the Russian Revolution in St. Petersburg in 1917.

IWD is officially recognized by the United Nations and each year, the women's contributions to all societies are celebrated.

==International Women's Day in the Philippines 2013==
In line with President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III|Benigno Simeon Aquino III's]] pursuit and vision of “tuwid na daan”, the theme for the 2013 Women's Month Celebration is “Kababaihan: Gabay sa Pagtahak sa Tuwid na Daan”. The theme aims to emphasize women's leadership role and enhance gender perspective to uphold good governance. It also aims to strengthen the mechanisms and institutions which support women and to widen the area for their partipation. The celebration of the event is aligned with Section 11 (Participation and Representation) and Section 29 (Peace and Development) of the Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710).

===Major activities===
*'''Women’s Day Forum'''- March 8, 2013 (by invitation only): Organized by the Philippine Commission on Women, in collaboration with the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority, around 200 representatives from the Muslim community will have a forum aligned with the Women’s Month theme “Kababaihan: Gabay sa Pagtahak sa Tuwid na Daan”.
*'''GREAT Women Product Brand Launch'''– March 19, 2013 (by invitation only): GWP partner women micro entrepreneurs, representatives from the PCW and CIDA, ECHOsi board members, designers and officers, members of the Women’s Business Council, Zonta groups and Yuchengco Museum guests will present the GREAT Women Brand. Improved products of the Women Micro Entrepreneurs (WMEs) will be showcased at the event.
*'''Launch of the Gender Equality Guides for Media'''- March 22, 2013 (by invitation only): The Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO), Chair of the Gender Equality Committee for Media (MGEC) will present, to 100 representatives from MGEC members, government agencies, private media, schools of journalism, information and communication, national media federations and associations, the MGEC policy documents. Included in the documents to be launched are the Code of Ethics for Media, Gender Equality Guide, and Guidelines to Protect Women Against Discrimination in Media and Film.
*'''Young Women Leaders Forum'''- March 20 to 21, 2013: A conference to capacitate young women leaders of [http://pcw.gov.ph/event/2013-womens-month-celebration the opportunities to develop and exercise their analytical, technical, communication, leadership and networking skills].

==References==
*[http://pcw.gov.ph/event/2013-womens-month-celebration “2013 Women's Month Celebration”].''Philippine Commission on Women''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013).
*[http://www.internationalwomensday.com/about.asp “About International Women's Day (8 March”].''African Development Bank''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013).
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-womens-day “International Women's Day”].''timeanddate.com''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013).

==External link==
*[http://www.undp.org.ph/?link=21&id=180&act=press_release_listing “INTERNATIONAL WOMEN’S DAY STATEMENT BY UNDP ADMINISTRATOR, HELEN CLARK”].''United Nations Development Programme Philippines''.(Accessed on 8 March 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Social Events]]

Eugenio Villareal

Smoochies — Thu, 07 Mar 2013 02:47:51 GMT

Summary: New page: '''Eugenio “Toto” Villareal''' is the chairman of the [[Movie and Television Review and Classification Board]] (MTRCB). His appointment papers were released on 6 December 2012 and his ...

'''Eugenio “Toto” Villareal''' is the chairman of the [[Movie and Television Review and Classification Board]] (MTRCB). His appointment papers were released on 6 December 2012 and his term will end in September 2013.

Villareal also teaches legal philosophy, legal technique, and logic, partnership and agency, and legal counseling at the [[Ateneo de Manila University]] Law School. He holds a professorial chair granted by the Nippon Foundation. He is the founding partner of the law firm of Sen Francis Escudero, the Escudero Marasigan Vallente & E.H. Villareal where he handles Litigation and labor referrals.

==Education==
Villareal graduated as the High School Class Valedictorian from Colegio de San Juan de Letran in 1980. He holds a Bachelor of Science, Major in Legal Management degree from Ateneo in 1984. He then obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree, Second Honors, from the Ateneo de Manila Law School in 1988. He also completed a two-year course on Moral Philosophy and Ethics from the Philippine Foundation for Cultural and Educational Development, Inc. in 2000.

==Career==
Villareal is a resident Mandatory Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) Lecturer of the Ateneo Center for Continuing Legal Education and Research. He also teaches in other similar institutions Legal Writing, Legal Ethics, Pre-Trial Skills and Trial Skills. He teaches Civil Procedure and Evidence at the [[Polytechnic University of the Philippines]] College of Law and
Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence and the Values for Development Foundation at the Philippine Judicial Academy (Philja).

He worked as a Consultant for the Capacity Building for Revenue Integrity Protection Service (RIPS) Project of the World Bank-GRP ([[Department of Finance]]) and Lecturer-Consultant for the [[Department of Trade and Industry]] (DTI) Project for Uniform and Simplified Rules of Adjudication. He was also a Legal Writing Specialist-Consultant for the Rule of Law Effectiveness (ROLE) Program, USAID.

Villareal is the Director of Microsoft Business Solutions, Inc. and Eagleridge Development Corporation. He is a Trustee of the Letran Alumni Foundation, Inc. He is a former Trustee and Board Secretary of the Task Force on Urban Concientization Association of Major Religious Superiors of the Philippines (TUFC-AMRSP).

Villareal also works as radio commentator at Consolidated Broadcasting Network, Inc. (Bombo Radyo). He used to work with Radio Mindanao Network (RMN-Radyo Agong). He is also a Legal Consultant of the Alliance for the Family Philippines Foundation, Inc.
===As MTRCB chair===
As an Opus Dei member, Villareal said that the MTRCB will be more conservative under his term. In an interview with ''Rappler'' he said that there will be no censorship, only classification of content. Prior to his appointment, he served as MTRCB board member and spokesman since February 2011.

Villareal added that he wants to empower viewers and tap local regulatory councils of the MTRCB. He wants the MTRCB to have an impact on common people, promote smart parenthood and empower Filipinos and know if a movie or TV show does not go against Filipino values. Through reviewing and information campaigns, the MTRCB wishes to engage all networks and film producers in the mission of [http://www.rappler.com/nation/17457-new-mtrcb-chief-vows-no-censorship knowing that better content means a better entertainment industry].

==Previously published works==
*Filipino Legal Philosophy and Its Essential Natural Law Content, 50 ATENEO LAW JOURNAL 294 (2005)
*Offending Religion: Right or Liberty (Walking Through the Right-Duty Dichotomy with Hohfeld, Finnis and May), 51 ATENEO LAW JOURNAL 28 (2006)

==References==
*[http://law.ateneo.edu/?p=701 “VILLAREAL, EUGENIO H., B.S., LL.B.”].''Ateneo Law School''.(Accessed on 7 March 2013).
*[http://www.rappler.com/nation/17457-new-mtrcb-chief-vows-no-censorship “New MTRCB chief vows no censorship”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 7 March 2013).
*Legaspi, Amita.[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/285317/showbiz/pnoy-names-ateneo-law-professor-as-new-mtrcb-chief “PNoy names Ateneo law professor as new MTRCB chief”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 7 March 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: People & Society]]

Puzzle Mansion

Smoochies — Fri, 01 Mar 2013 03:56:30 GMT

Summary: New page: [[Image:Puzzle mansion.jpg|200px|left|Puzzle Mansion Bed & Breakfast]] The '''Puzzle Mansion''' is a 11-room bed and breakfast facility. Located in Barangay Asisan, [[Tagaytay City]], it h...

[[Image:Puzzle mansion.jpg|200px|left|Puzzle Mansion Bed & Breakfast]]
The '''Puzzle Mansion''' is a 11-room bed and breakfast facility. Located in Barangay Asisan, [[Tagaytay City]], it houses the world's largest jigsaw puzzle collection owned by Gina Gil Lacuna, a retired businesswoman. A total of 1,028 puzzles in different sizes, colors, themes and dimensions are on display at the mansion.

Lacuna, who holds the World Record for the “Largest Collection of Jigsaw Puzzles”, recalled that she built the mansion as a rest house for her family and a place to display her finished jigsaw puzzles. She is so passionate about puzzles, a passion which started when she was 35 years old, that she travels the world in search of new puzzles to piece together. She later decided to open the mansion to the public as many people want to see the puzzles and even spend the whole day looking at them.

The mansion also has hotel-like amenities like infinity pool, function room, café and fully furnished rooms with LCD TVs with cable connection. The whole place is also a free wi-fi hot spot for internet activities.

==References==
*[http://goodnewspilipinas.com/2012/12/13/puzzle-mansion-tagaytays-newest-tourist-attraction/ “Puzzle Mansion: Tagaytay’s newest tourist attraction”].''GoodNews Pilipinas!''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).
*[https://www.facebook.com/PuzzleMansion/info “About Puzzle Mansion Bed & Breakfast”].''facebook''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).
*[http://www.thepuzzlemansion.com/about.html “About the Mansion”].''Puzzle Mansion Bed & Breakfast''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).
*Flores, Karen.[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/12/10/12/puzzle-mansion-tagaytays-newest-attraction “Puzzle Mansion: Tagaytay's newest attraction”].''ABSCBNnews.com''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).
*Bautista, Roehl Niño.[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/284475/lifestyle/people/photos-puzzle-mansion-displays-guinness-world-record-winning-collection “PHOTOS: Puzzle Mansion displays Guinness World Record-winning collection”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).
*[http://www.livingmarjorney.com/2012/06/visiting-puzzle-mansion-bed-breakfast.html “Visiting the Puzzle Mansion Bed & Breakfast in Tagaytay”].''Living Marjorney''.(Accessed on 1 March 2013).

{{Philippines-stub}}
{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine Galleries]]
[[Category: Tourist Spots in the Philippines]]

Henry Samonte

Angelica17 — Thu, 28 Feb 2013 09:56:59 GMT

Summary: Henry Samonte is an independent mayoralty candidate in Quezon City.

[[Image:Henry Samonte.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Henry Samonte (Photo by Angelica17. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''Henry Samonte''' is an Independent candidate for the mayoralty race of [[Quezon City]] in the [[2013 Philippine general elections]]. Samonte’s opponents are [[Movement for a Better QC]] candidate [[John Charles Chang|Johnny Chang]] and the incumbent city [[mayors of Quezon City|mayor]] [[Herbert M. Bautista]].

== Campaign Strategy ==

As an ordinary citizen and a retiree, Henry Samonte explains that he does not have the machinery and logistics that Bautista has for the mayoralty campaign. He cannot afford to spend much on campaigning so he makes practical use of his own meager resources such as a personal computer, a printer and a scanner, and in a do-it-yourself way from scan to print, he proceeds to cut up his campaign flyers on a paper cutter as he squats down on his bedroom floor; he cannot afford to use tarpaulin but he does not want to be left out in the race. He avails of the uses of social media to raise awareness about his candidacy and bring his cause to the voting public. He makes use of the services of the free video sharing site Youtube.com in order to introduce himself to the people. He also has his own Facebook page where he freely uploads photos and makes comments on issues such as increase in business tax without an ordinance. On his Facebook page, he shared with the public the documents he filed at the Office of the [[Ombudsman]] against then City Treasurer [[Victor Endriga]], for increasing business taxes without a city council ordinance. His campaign paraphernalia is also made from his personal computer at home using recycled scratch paper.

== Personal Background ==

Henry Samonte is a resident of Jasmin St., [[Roxas District]]. He is a [[UP]] [[Los Baños]] Agriculture graduate, Major in Soils (1961). In December 2011, he went back to his alma mater along with some of his schoolmates in order to plant their own native fruit trees at the UPCA Class 60 tree planting project site on campus. After his stint at UP, he later studied to become a commercial pilot at the [[PAL Aviation School]], [[Nichols Airbase]].

He has been involved in various employment and business interests such as the following:
*[[PHHC]] ([[NHA]]), landscape supervisor, 1957
*Jenato Royal Corporation, salesman
*[[Examiner News]] weekly magazine, advertising solicitor, 1952
*as a commercial pilot, he has flown various airplanes such as the Cessna 150 Training Airplane, C-130, DC-3, Avro-HS 748, F-27, B 727, B 747-200, and the last being the B-747-400
*[[PAL]], commercial pilot, 1965-1970
*[[Air Manila Inc.]], pilot, 1970-1974
*[[AstroAir Transport Inc.]] (owned by former congressman Roquito Ablan), pilot, 1974 (two months)
*[[Philippine Aero Transport Inc.]] (government-owned), pilot, 1974-1978
*PAL, pilot, 1978-1998
*aluminum, iron works and glass, fabricator, 2000-2004
*HESED Lending, investor, 2000-2013 (closed)
*[[Bureau of Agricultural Extension]], Bantug, Talavera, agriculturist
*barbershop and beauty parlor, entrepreneur
*taxi, jeepney, and two fishing boats in Hibagnan, [[Matalum]], [[Leyte]], operator
*cattle raising
*thirteen-room dormitory, entrepreneur
*stock market trading

== Mayoralty Platform ==

Samonte underscores the need for change in the way we vote. The [[Philippines]] scored 34 in the corruption index, with 0 being the most corrupt country and 100 as being very clean (in terms of corruption), based on the findings of Transparency International. This being the case, Samonte reasons out that if we bring the same officials back into office, we will bring back the same corruption into the system. He argues that ordinary people and not traditional politicians should govern ordinary people. He further argues that millions of pesos were spent for elections in 2010, when the monthly salary of a mayor was only P15,700, “there is no logical explanation of over spending during election except to recover their investments hundred folds when they are already elected.” He informs the voting public to look into the following concerns:
*20% kickback on projects
*diversion of funds
*substandard projects
*delaying the projects to increase cost
*under-delivery of goods
*faking of receipts
*double charges with the use of the same receipts
*[[LGU]] pork barrel
*unnecessary expenses
*disallowed expenses
*unliquidated expenses
*unauthorized expenses
Henry Samonte asks the voting public to give independent candidates like him a chance in the 2013 elections.

== External Link ==

Henry E. Samonte Facebook page [http://www.facebook.com/pages/Henry-E-Samonte/336236306494043]
Henry Samonte Youtube channel [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCB5QjwGpl1nFLnROh-KqTGw?feature=watch]
Henry E. Samonte Facebook profile [http://www.facebook.com/samontehe]

== References ==
*Samonte, Henry [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsWIRoPDRiE Henry Samonte, Mayor Candidate of Q.C. 2013]. Youtube.com. (Accessed 14 February 2013).
*Samonte, Henry [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8tmnBI0s58 Henry Samonte, Mayor Candidate of Q.C. (2)] Youtube.com. (Accessed 14 February 2013).
*[http://cpi.transparency.org/cpi2012/results/ Transparency International]. Transparency International. (Accessed 14 February 2013).
*[http://upcagolden2010.wordpress.com/2011/12/16/elvie-roguel-and-henry-samonte-visit-campus-and-plant-fruit-trees/ Elvie Roguel and Henry Samonte Visit Campus and Plant Fruit Trees]. Site of the UPCA 2010 Golden Jubilarians. (Accessed 14 February 2013).

John Charles Chang

Angelica17 — Thu, 28 Feb 2013 06:28:42 GMT

Summary: Johnny Chang is an independent opposition candidate.

[[Image:Johnny_Chang.jpg|thumb|right|300px| Johnny Chang(Photo by Friends of Johnny Chang Facebook profile. Some rights reserved.)]]

'''John Charles Chang''', more popularly known as '''Johnny Chang''', is a candidate running in the [[Quezon City]] mayoralty race of the [[2013 Philippine general elections]] under the banner of [[Movement for a Better QC]]. Chang and [[Henry Samonte]], who are both Independent, are the only opposition candidates to incumbent Mayor [[Herbert M. Bautista]]’s bid for a second term. Johnny Chang’s slogan is Chang for Change, Change is Good, Change for Good Governance. His running mate is vice mayoralty candidate [[Roland Jota]]. Chang’s team that includes [[Leon Peralta]], who is running for councilor in the sixth district, is being endorsed by the [[Ang Kapatiran]] Party. Peralta is the founding chair of [[Anti-Trapo Movement of the Philippines, Inc]]. Johnny Chang was also among nine candidates in the running for Quezon City mayor in 2010. He ran alongside vice mayoralty candidate journalist [[Rod Kapunan]]. The seats were won by Bautista and [[Joy Belmonte]], respectively.

== 2010 Mayoralty Platform ==

===Club Filipino Media Forum===
At a media forum at [[Club Filipino]] in January 2010, Chang said that the high tax rates in Quezon City is his team’s main agenda for running since the city had become the tax capital of the Philippines but this did not benefit the people in terms of services. The budget had gone up but the city government could not explain where the money went. His pro-poor stance included housing, public markets and hospitals and cheaper medicines. He also aimed to improve education.

===Usapang Mayor sa QC===
On February 18 2010, in the mayoralty candidates’ forum sponsored by the [[UP]] [[Diliman]] [[National College of Public Administration and Governance]] (NCPAG), [[Usapang Mayor sa QC]], hundreds of supporters of the candidates, that included Chang, attended the forum that aimed to educate voters for the May 10 2010 elections. Chang argued about extra payments being levied by the city government on the working class such as the employment permit of P150, when the job applicant still had to shell out money for ID picture and [[cedula]]. Double taxation should be abolished as in the case of security guards. They already pay for their licenses at [[Camp Crame]]. The Quezon City government would still require additional payments from them. Chang also pointed out the yearly increase in real estate tax which may be hard for retirees and other citizens to meet. Low taxes attract investors. Chang revealed that their arguments are based on study and that if elected, they would levy taxes in the same amount as that of other cities.

===Opinion by Tiu Laurel===
According to columnist [[Herman Tiu Laurel]], though Johnny Chang and Rod Kapunan’s entry into the political fray in 2010 may not have had a big impact on the political scene, they nevertheless raised issues such as soaring taxes and the huge budget allotted to [[Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. |Belmonte]] ’s office which is one third of the total budget of the entire city government for a year thereby exceeding 15 percent of the total budget amount, even higher than that of the Office of the President. These issues had placed first time candidates for mayor and vice mayor respectively, Herbert Bautista and Joy Belmonte, the heirs-apparent of outgoing mayor Belmonte, on the defensive. Chang and his running mate Kapunan’s party is Movement for a Better Quezon City. They have raised voter awareness about where their taxes go and how these were wasted and argued that it was business people like them, and not politicians, who could provide employment.

===Socialized Housing Tax of Quezon City (January 2012)===
Before Mayor Herbert Bautista signed into law the [[Socialized Housing Tax of Quezon City]], that will provide a special assessment of .5% tax for a real estate property with an assessed value that is more than P100,000, Johnny Chang had opposed the move to levy additional taxes on landowners and instead encouraged borrowing from the bank and budget prioritization. Bautista aimed to remove “urban blight” through the measure by providing socialized housing to informal settlers.

== 2013 Platform ==

Johnny Chang has resurrected his 2010 battlecry, “Ibaba ang Sobrang Buwis!” and “Para sa Tunay na Pagbabago”! On Facebook, his supporters have put up a page to provide updates on his campaign. He pushes for lower and reasonable taxes but more effective tax collection, more business and employment opportunities. He plans to implement this by the following (as maybe read from his campaign paraphernalia):
*lower to P5 from P50 the residence tax of the jobless
*abolish the P150 employment permit which should only be implemented for foreigners but not to citizens
*lower business tax of sari-sari stores which is 400 percent higher than that of [[Makati]]
*lower business tax of small medium enterprises which is 33 percent higher than that of Makati
*lower real estate tax for senior citizens who have no steady means of income
*abolish idle bond tax and socialized housing tax
*priority of employment in new businesses for QC residents
He believes in transparency of governance and true and patriotic service. If elected, he plans to implement the following (as may be read from his campaign paraphernalia):
*total transparency of the budget and expenses
*lower the pork barrel of the [[mayors of Quezon City|mayor]], vice mayor and the councilors
*open for public viewing the annual [[Commission on Audit]] (COA) report
*show the total funds of the [[barangay]] in the [[Internal Revenue Allocation]] (IRA)
*provide additional allowance to [[Quezon City barangays|barangay]] officials and staff including the barangay tanods, traffic enforcers, maintenance crew and health volunteers
*increase the basic pay and benefits of city hall employees
*ensure implementation of peace and order programs
*24-hour operation center for emergencies and other crises
*one master plan for disaster preparedness
*food production utilizing idle lands
*assist all school levels, show them where the Special Education Fund which is one percent of the collected Real Estate tax go
*promote Quezon City as a tourism center
*assist city hospitals, lying-ins and day care centers by providing manpower, equipment and medicines
*abolish realty tax of government health care establishments such as the National Kidney Institute
*medium-rise tenant housing for the urban poor
*abolish violent demolitions of dwellings of illegal settlers, push for voluntary eviction
*no to public market privatization
*zero-epal on all public works
*pro-life program

== Better QC Joins Hands with Ang Kapatiran Party and Ang Prolife Partylist ==

On January 8 2013, Ang Prolife Partylist and Movement for a Better QC which Chang heads became part of the Ang Kapatiran coalition, in order to better promote their common goals. Ang Kapatiran has formally endorsed the candidacy of Movement for Better QC team. In Quezon City Chang has started to campaign for Ang Kapatiran national candidates and Ang Prolife candidates.

== Personal Life ==

John Charles Chang was born on July 29 1951. He has been a Quezon City resident since 1985.

== References ==
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Elections/2013natloc/ListOfCandidates/CertifiedListOfCandidates List of Candidates for the 2013 National and Local Elections]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*vsc/JCA [http://balita.ph/2010/02/18/metro-news-qc-mayoralty-bets-face-off-at-up-diliman/ QC mayoralty bets face-off at UP-Diliman]. Balita.ph. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*philstar [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVl7ZTiAIGQ&feature=player_embedded Philstar.com video: Usapang mayor sa QC]. Youtube.com. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Tiu Laurel, Herman [http://savequezoncity.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/save-quezon-city-from-mayor-belmontes-high-taxes-wasteful-budget-personality-cult-and-political-dynasty/ Save Quezon City from Mayor Belmonte’s High Taxes, Wasteful Budget, Personality Cult and Political Dynasty]. Save Quezon City. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Wakefield, Francis T. [http://www.mb.com.ph/node/240587/qc-mayoral-bet-vow#.US6eYDdZ4R8 QC mayoral bet vows to check high tax rates]. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*[http://www.quezoncity.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=399:guide-to-understanding-the-socialized-hous Guide to Understanding the Socialized Housing Tax of QC]. The Local Government of Quezon City website. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Howard, Caroline, ANC [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/anc/10/19/11/qc-mayor-urges-residents-back-real-property-tax QC mayor urges residents to back real property tax]. ABS-CBNNews.com. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*melmathay [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6sxQ_E9yI0 UP NCPAG Forum: Mayor Mel fields a question to co-candidate John Charles Chang]. Youtube.com. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Friends of Johnny Chang [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=443049849101673&set=a.443049679101690.102499.437126129694045&type=1&theater campaign flyer image]. Facebook.com. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Friends of Johnny Chang [http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=443049872435004&set=a.443049679101690.102499.437126129694045&type=1&theater campaign flyer image2]. Facebook.com.
*Llasos, Marwil, O.P. [http://bromarwilnllasos.blogspot.com/2013/01/ang-kapatiran-party-ang-prolife.html Ang Kapatiran Party, Ang Prolife Partylist and Better QC Unite to Promote Common Goals]. The Knight of Mary. (Accessed 13 February 2013).
*Para Sa Pagbabago [http://www.facebook.com/betterquezoncity?ref=ts&fref=ts Johnny Chang facebook profile] Facebook.com. (Accessed 13 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
<noinclude>
[[Category:Government]]
[[Category: Philippine general elections 2013]]
</noinclude>

Kasambahay Law

Smoochies — Thu, 28 Feb 2013 04:46:22 GMT

Summary: /* Post-employment */

The '''Republic Act 10361''' also known as the '''Kasambahay Law''', '''Domestic Workers Act''' or '''Batas Kasambahay''', institutes policies for the protection and welfare of domestic workers, including househelp, nannies, laundrywomen, and cooks, among others.

The law adheres to the [[Philippine Government|state]]'s aim to protect domestic workers by recognizing their needs, ensuring they have safe and healthful working conditions, and formulating gender-sensitive policies and programs. It was signed by President [[Benigno Simeon Aquino III]] on 18 January 2013.

=='''Content'''==
===Rights and privileges of domestic workers===
*'''Standard treatment''' - The domestic worker shall not be subjected to any kind of abuse, physical violence, or harassment, or any act which degrades their dignity.
*'''Board, lodging and medical attendance''' - The domestic worker shall be provided basic necessities which include at least three adequate meals a day and humane and safe sleeping arrangements. They shall be provided adequate rest and assistance in case of illnesses and injuries sustained during service. The employer shall not withdraw these basic necessities in order to punish or discipline the worker.
*'''Guarantee of privacy''' - The domestic worker's privacy, which extends to all forms of communication and personal effects, shall be respected.
*'''Access to outside communication''' - The worker shall be provided access to outside communication during free time and in case of emergency, even during work time. If the worker uses the employer’s telephone or other communication facilities, the costs shall be covered by the worker unless such charges are waived by the employer.
*'''Right to education and training''' - The worker shall be provided the opportunity to finish basic education and be allowed access to alternative learning systems and if possible, higher education or technical and vocational training. Their schedule shall be adjusted by the employer to be able to access education or training without affecting the services required by the employer.
*'''Prohibition against privileged information''' - All communication and information of the employer or members of the household shall be treated as privileged and confidential and shall not be publicly disclosed by the worker during or after employment. Such privileged information shall be inadmissible in evidence except when the suit involves the employer or any member of the household in a crime against persons, property, personal liberty and security, or chastity.

===Pre-employment===
An employment contract shall be made between the worker and the employer before the start of the service, in a language or dialect understood by both parties. The worker shall be provided a copy of the duly signed contract. The contract shall cover:
*Duties and responsibilities of the domestic worker
*Period of employment
*Compensation
*Authorized deductions
*Hours of work and proportionate additional payment
*Rest days and allowable leaves
*Board, lodging, and medical attention
*Deployment expenses, if any
*Loans
*Termination of employment
*Any other lawful condition agreed upon by both parties

The [[Department of Labor and Employment]] (DOLE) shall create a model employment contract. In cases where the employment of the domestic worker is facilitated through a private employment agency, the agency shall keep a copy of all employment contracts of domestic workers and shall be made available for verification and inspection by DOLE.

====Pre-employment requirements====
*Medical certificate or a health certificate issued by a local government health officer
*Barangay and police clearance
*[[National Bureau of Investigation]] (NBI) clearance
*Duly authenticated birth certificate or, if not available, any other document showing the age of the domestic worker (such as voter’s identification card, baptismal record or passport)

====Others====
'''Employment age of domestic workers''' - It is unlawful to employ any person below 15 years of age as a domestic worker. Employment of working children shall be subject to the provisions of the Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act. They shall be entitled to minimum wage, and all benefits provided under this act.
*'''Employer's reportorial duties''' - Employers shall register all workers under their employment in the Registry of Domestic Workers, in the barangay where the employer's residence is located.
*'''Skills, training, assessment, and certification''' - DOLE and the [[Technical Education and Skills Development Authority]] (TESDA) shall provide efficient training, assessment and certification to workers based on a duly promulgated training regulation.

===Employment===
*'''Health and safety''' - The employer shall safeguard the health and safety of the worker.
*'''Daily rest period''' - The worker shall be entitled to a daily rest period of eight hours per day.
*'''Weekly rest period''' - The worker shall be entitled to at least 24 consecutive hours of rest in a week.
*'''Assignment to non-household work''' - No domestic worker shall be assigned to commercial, industrial, or agricultural enterprise work at a wage rate which is lower than that provided for agricultural or non-agricultural workers. The worker shall be paid the applicable minimum wage in said cases.
*'''Extent of duty''' - If agreed upon by both parties, the worker may temporarily perform a task outside the employer's household for the benefit of another household. It should be noted that any liability incurred by the worker shall be born by the original employer. Also, such work performed outside the household shall entitle the worker to additional payment not less than the existing minimum wage rate of a domestic worker. It is unlawful for the original employer to charge any amount from the household where the worker temporarily performed duties.
*'''Minimum wage''' - The minimum wage of domestic workers shall not be less than:
**(a) PHP 2,500 a month for those employed in the [[National Capital Region]] (NCR).
**(b) PHP 2,000 a month for those employed in chartered cities and first class municipalities.
**(c) PHP 1,500 a month for those employed from other municipalities.
*'''Payment of wages''' - Wages shall be paid on time. Unless agreed upon by both parties in written form, the employer shall not deduct any amount from the wages other than that which is mandated by law. Any object other than the cash wage is not allowed as payment. The worker is entitled to thirteenth month pay as provided for by law.
*'''Pay slip''' - The employer shall provide the worker with a copy of the pay slip which contains the amount paid in cash every pay day. It should also include all deductions made, if any. Copies of the pay slip shall be kept by the employer for a period of three years.
*'''Prohibition on interference in the disposal of wages''' - It is unlawful for the employer to interfere with the freedom of the worker to dispose of their wages.
*'''Prohibition against withholding of wages''' - It is unlawful for the employer to withhold the wages of the worker.
*'''Leave benefits''' - A worker who has served at least a year shall be entitled to an annual service incentive leave of five days with pay. The unused portion of this annual leave shall not be cumulative or carried over the succeeding years and shall not be convertible to cash.
*'''Social and other benefits''' - A worker who has served at least one month shall be covered by the [[Social Security System]] (SSS), the [[Philippine Health Insurance Corporation]] (PhilHealth), and the Home Development Mutual Fund or Pag-ibig, and shall be entitled to all the benefits in accordance with the law. Contributions shall be shouldered by the employer. If the worker receives a wage of PHP 5,000 and above per month, the worker shall pay the proportionate share in the contributions, as provided by law.
*'''Rescue and rehabilitation of abused domestic workers''' - Any abused or exploited worker shall be rescued by a municipal or city social welfare officer or social welfare officer from the [[Department of Social Welfare and Development]] (DSWD) in coordination with the concerned barangay officials.

===Post-employment===
*'''Termination of service''' - Neither the employer nor the worker may terminate the contract before the expiration of the term. If the worker is unjustly dismissed, the worker shall be paid the compensation earned plus the equivalent of 15 days work by way of indemnity. If the worker leaves without justifiable reason, any unpaid salary not exceeding the equivalent 15 days work shall be forfeited. The employer may recover from the worker costs incurred related to the deployment expenses, if any, provided that the service has been terminated within six months from the worker's employment.
*'''Termination initiated by the domestic worker''' - The worker may terminate the employment relationship at any time before the expiration of the contract if the worker experiences any of the following:
**Verbal or emotional abuse
**Inhuman treatment including physical abuse
**Commission of crime or offense
**Violation of the terms and conditions of the employment contract
**Any disease prejudicial to the health of the worker, employer or any member of the household
*'''Termination initiated by the employer''' - The employer may terminate the services of the worker at any time before the expiration of the contract due to any of the following:
**Misconduct or willful disobedience
**Gross or habitual neglect or inefficiency in the performance of duties
**Fraud or willful breach of trust
**Commission of crime or offense
**Violation of the terms and conditions of the employment contract
**Any disease prejudicial to the health of the worker, employer or any member of the household
*'''Employment certification''' - Upon the severance of the employment relationship, the employer shall issue the worker a certificate of employment which indicates the nature, duration of service, and work performance of the worker, within five days from the date when it was requested.

===Private employment agencies===
Through a system of licensing and regulation, DOLE shall ensure the protection of domestic workers hired through PEAs. The PEA shall be jointly and severally liable with the employer for all the wages, wage-related benefits, and other benefits due a domestic worker.

==References==
*[http://www.thepoc.net/breaking-news/local/17726-full-text-republic-act-10361-kasambahay-law.html “Full Text: Republic Act 10361 Kasambahay Law”].''Philippine Online Chronicles''.(Accessed on 28 February 2013).
*Jimeno, Rita Linda V.[http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/02/25/the-kasambahay-law-up-close/ “The Kasambahay Law up close”].''Manila Standard Today''.(Accessed on 28 February 2013).
*Lee, Kelvin.[http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/opinion/2013/01/24/lee-kasambahay-law-264623 “The Kasambahay Law”].''Sun Star Davao''.(Accessed on 28 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

Francisco Pizarra

Angelica17 — Wed, 27 Feb 2013 23:40:55 GMT

Summary: Francisco Pizarra is a KBL candidate in Manila.

'''Francisco Pizarra''' is a vice mayoralty candidate of [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]] (KBL) Party or New Society Movement for the [[2013 Philippine general elections]] in [[Manila]]. Francisco Redoblado Pizarra’s nickname or alias is Francis.He would run without a running mate against two opponents: [[Francisco Domagoso]], the incumbent vice mayor and running mate of [[Joseph Estrada|Joseph Ejercito Estrada]] under [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino]] and actor [[Lou Veloso]], who is [[Lou Veloso|Luciano Veloso]] in real life. Veloso is currently a councilor of the 6th district of Manila and has been a politician since the 1990s. The councilor garnered the highest number of votes for a councilor in the [[Philippine general elections,2010|2010 Philippine general elections]]. Veloso was known for his television role “Truman” and was in the cast of Bourne Legacy, the last of the Bourne series which was filmed in the [[Philippines]]. Pizarra’s candidacy was authorized by [[Jaime Opinion]], the authorized signatory for the certificate of nomination and acceptance, hence, it was accepted by [[Commission on Elections|COMELEC]]. COMELEC rejected the certificates of candidacy filed by KBL senatorial candidates whose signatory is purported president of KBL Vic Millora. KBL originally was the coalition party of the [[Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos]] Administration when the first national election under [[Martial Law]] was held on April 7 1978. It was then called “Kilusang Bagong Lipunan ng Nagkakaisang [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]], [[Liberal Party|Liberal]], at iba pa," shortened to KBL.

== First Vice Mayoralty Race under Lapiang Manggagawa ==

Businessman Pizarra first ran for the position of vice mayor in 2010 under the [[Lapiang Manggagawa]] (LM) or Workers’ Party but lost to his namesake Francisco Domagoso, the real name of actor [[Francisco Domagoso|Isko Moreno]]. He garnered only 3,614 against Domagoso’s 498,609 votes, coming in third of the four candidates who vied for the vice mayor’s seat. The other two candidates were [[Maria Lourdes Isip-Garcia]], who was trailing behind Domagoso with 119,380 votes, and Benjamin Riano who got 2,765 votes. Garcia and Riano both ran as Independents. Pizarra was the only vice mayoralty candidate without a mayoralty candidate running mate. Domagoso, a re-electionist, was the running mate of re-electionist mayoralty candidate Alfredo Lim. Garcia was the running mate of mayoralty candidate [[Lito Atienza|Jose Atienza]] and Riano was the running mate of candidate for mayor Matilde Limbre.

== Personal Life ==

The 54-year old Pizarra is married to Delia Amo and is a resident of Mabini Street, [[Malate]], [[Manila]].

==Reference==
*[http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/inquirerpolitics/view.php?db=1&article=20100513-269637 Who won, who lost in Metro Manila]. Inquirer.net. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Santos, Tina, Aurelio, Julie M. [http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/inquirerpolitics/view.php?db=1&article=20091130-239451 Election fever heats up in M. Manila]. Inquirer.net. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/uploads/downloadables/2010partylistcandidate/NATIONAL%20CAPITAL%20REGION%20-%20MANILA.pdf Certified List of Candidates for Congressional and Local Positions for the May 10 2010 National and Local Positions]. COMELEC website. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Sauler, Erika [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/282978/fortune-teller-driver-engineer-also-vie-for-manila-mayorship Fortune teller, driver, engineer also vie for Manila mayorship]. Inquirer.net.
(Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Sauler, Erika [http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/273088/truman-is-dirty-harry-vice-bet ‘Truman’ is ‘Dirty Harry’ vice bet]. Inquirer.net. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Bong [http://www.philippinestodayus.com/news/metro/estrada-gains-more-support-in-manila-over-lim-7-more-bets-named/ Estrada gains more support in Manila over Lim; 7 more bets named]. Philippines Today. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Panganiban-Perez, Tina [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/137713/stateofthenation/ilang-tumatakbo-sa-ilalim-ng-kilusang-bagong-lipunan-nanganganib-ang-kandidatura Ilang tumatakbo sa ilalim ng Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, nanganganib ang kandidatura]. GMANetwork.com. (Accessed 12 February 2013).
*Angeles, Jose Angelito [http://joseangelito-angeles.tripod.com/marcos.htm Marcos and the New Society: A Political Biography]]. Jose Angelito Angeles website. (Accessed 12 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pizarra, Francisco}}

[[Category: Philippine general elections 2013]]
[[Category: Political Parties]]

Air Passenger Bill of Rights

Smoochies — Tue, 26 Feb 2013 03:29:14 GMT

Summary:

The '''Air Passenger Bill of Rights''' is a bill which aims to protect travelers from possible abusive practices of airlines, by defining the rights of passengers and the obligations of carriers. It is pursuant to Republic Act No. 776 or the Civil Aeronautics Act of the Philippines, which states that the [[Department of Transportation and Communications]] (DOTC), through the Civil Aeronautics Board, should regulate the economic aspect of aviation and develop and promote the air potential of the country with the interests and convenience of the public in mind, as well as to Republic Act No. 7394 or the Consumer Act of the Philippines, which states that the [[Department of Trade and Industry]] should protect the consumers from deceptive and unfair sales practices, misleading advertisements, and fraudulent sales promotion. The bill took effect on 21 December 2012.

==Content==
The Air Passenger Bill of Rights [http://www.rappler.com/business/17692-rights-you-have-as-an-airline-passenger] states that:
*An airline passenger whose checked-in baggage was offloaded from the flight must be informed by the airline and assured that the baggage will be carried on the next flight with available space. The offloaded baggage should be delivered no later than an hour after being shipped and the passenger will be paid PHP 2,000 for every 24 hours the baggage was delayed.
*Due to reasons of demand-supply of flights, an airline can overbook a flight as long as the passengers who are bumped off volunteer for it. Passengers who want to choose a different flight will be offered compensation in the form of amenities or cash incentives. If the number of volunteers is not enough to resolve the overbooking, the airline is mandated to increase the compensation package by adding more services until the required number of volunteers is met.
*All airlines must outline their limitations and restrictions in both English and Filipino. Promos and advertisements should include policies on refund and rebooking and baggage allowance, government taxes and surcharges, other mandatory fees and charges, as well as the number of seats offered.
*A passenger who arrives within the designated area at least an hour before the flight's schedule of departure will not be considered late and will be checked in within the deadline by the carrier.
*Passengers with cancelled flights should be notified beforehand via public announcement or text message. If the flight is cancelled because of force majeure, or for safety or security reasons, the passengers will be reimbursed for the full value of the fare.
*In the case of delayed departures, passengers should be provided with free food, drinks, Internet access, phone use, and in extreme circumstances, hotel lodging until the flight departs. A flight is considered cancelled if it is delayed 6 hours or more after the departure time.

==References==
*Lowe, Aya.[http://www.rappler.com/business/17691-air-passenger-right-bill-out-in-time-for-christmas-traffic “Air Passenger Bill of Rights is out”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/116260087/Air-Passenger-Bill-of-Rights-DOTC-DTI-JAO-No-1-2012 “Air Passenger Bill of Rights – DOTC, DTI JAO No 1 2012”].''Scribd''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).
*Lowe, Aya.[http://www.rappler.com/business/17692-rights-you-have-as-an-airline-passenger “6 rights you have as an airline passenger”].''Rappler''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).
*[http://www.gov.ph/2012/12/11/dotc-and-dti-secretaries-sign-air-passenger-bill-of-rights/ “DOTC and DTI Secretaries sign Air Passenger Bill of Rights”].''Official Gazette''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).
*Montecillo, Paolo G.[http://business.inquirer.net/97323/air-passenger-bill-of-rights-signed “Air passenger bill of rights signed”].''Inquirer Business''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).

==External link==
*[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/287591/news/specialreports/infographic-know-your-rights-as-an-airline-passenger “Infographic: Know your rights as an airline passenger”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 26 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Philippine law]]
[[Category: Political and Public International Law]]
[[Category: Legal Codes]]

Baldomero Falcone

Smoochies — Thu, 21 Feb 2013 01:55:35 GMT

Summary:

{| class="infobox bordered" style="float: right;border: 1px #aaa solid;width: 21em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left;border-collapse:collapse;background:#f9f9f9;" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 border="1"
|+ style="font-size: larger;" | '''Baldomero Falcone'''
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Image:Baldomero-Falcones.jpg|250px]]
|-style="background:#ccccff"
| colspan="3" | <center>'''business consultant'''
|-
! Political Party:
| [[Democratic Party of the Philippines]]
|-
! Born:
|September 19, 1944 <br> {{PHL}} Philippines
|}

''(To read the article in Tagalog, please click this [http://fil.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Baldomero_Falcone link])''

'''Baldomero Falcone''' (born 19 September 1944 in Hindang, [[Leyte]]) is a [[Filipino]] business consultant. He is currently a [[Senate of the Philippines|senatorial]] candidate, under the Democratic Party of the Philippines, in the [[2013 Philippine general elections]].

==Education==
Falcone attained his AB Liberal Arts, graduating summa cum laude, at the Sacred Heart University. He took his M.A. in Philosophy at the University of San Carlos in [[Cebu City]] and his Master in Business Management at the Asian Institute of Management. He is a PhD in Philosophy candidate at the [[University of the Philippines, Diliman]].

==Career==
Falcone, a businessman and securitization expert, is the president of Millennium Industrial Commercial Corporation, a company involved in land reclamation in [[Cebu]]. He is also the vice-president of Global Interphase Security Services Provider, Inc., a firm providing foreign assignments to retired officers.

Falcone ran for vice president in the 2010 national elections but was disqualified to participate by the [[Commission on Elections]] citing that he has [http://www.ivoteph.com/senator-2/candidate-for-senator-2013-baldomero-falcone-and-his-profile/ “no political track record to prove it’s capability to mount a serious campaign despite fielding candidates in national positions.”]

Falcone is known for his criticisms on oligarchy and political dynasties.

If elected, Falcone said that [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/02/19/13/whos-poorest-them-all-it-i-says-falconehe would push for this electoral reform to ensure that the rich and the poor have equal chances in winning in an election]. He said that the [[Commission on Elections]] should gather all the candidates in one place and give them equal opportunities to campaign. Falcone also suggested the removal of the priority development assistance funds (PDAF), also known as the pork barrel. He suggested that the money should be used as equity capital to secure projects in all districts across the country.

Falcone also said that God should always be the center of all political activities to avoid graft and corruption and political dynasties.

==References==
*[http://www.ivoteph.com/senator-2/candidate-for-senator-2013-baldomero-falcone-and-his-profile/ “Candidate for Senator 2013: Baldomero Falcone and His Profile”].''Philippine Elections 2013''.(Accessed on 21 February 2013).
*[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/150932/newstogo/news-to-go-in-depth-baldomero-falcone “News To Go In Depth:Baldomero Falcone”].''GMA News Online''.(Accessed on 21 February 2013).
*[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/144541187/Senatorial-Candidates-for-the-2013-Elections-compiled-by-PoliTikalon_-The-Official-Weblog-of-JR-Lopez-Gonzales “Senatorial Candidates for the 2013 Elections compiled by PoliTikalon, The Official Weblog of JR Lopez Gonzales”].''.docstoc''.(Accessed on 21 February 2013).
*dela Cruz, Kathlyn.[http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/02/19/13/whos-poorest-them-all-it-i-says-falcone “Who's the poorest of them all? It is I, says Falcone”].''ABSCBNnews.com''.(Accessed on 21 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category: Government and Politics]]
[[Category: Filipino politicians]]

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Xtopherdelax — Wed, 20 Feb 2013 02:48:30 GMT

Summary: New page: [[Image:alice.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'''''.]] '''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''' (or ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'') is a novel written by [[Lewis C...

[[Image:alice.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'''''.]]

'''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland''' (or ''[[Alice in Wonderland]]'') is a novel written by [[Lewis Carroll]] (pseudonym of Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson). It follows a young girl's adventures as she falls down into a rabbit hole and ends up in wonderland.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/alice/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

Alice sits on a riverbank on a warm summer day, drowsily reading over her sister’s shoulder, when she catches sight of a White Rabbit in a waistcoat running by her. The White Rabbit pulls out a pocket watch, exclaims that he is late, and pops down a rabbit hole. Alice follows the White Rabbit down the hole and comes upon a great hallway lined with doors. She finds a small door that she opens using a key she discovers on a nearby table. Through the door, she sees a beautiful garden, and Alice begins to cry when she realizes she cannot fit through the door. She finds a bottle marked “DRINK ME” and downs the contents. She shrinks down to the right size to enter the door but cannot enter since she has left the key on the tabletop above her head. Alice discovers a cake marked “EAT ME” which causes her to grow to an inordinately large height. Still unable to enter the garden, Alice begins to cry again, and her giant tears form a pool at her feet. As she cries, Alice shrinks and falls into the pool of tears. The pool of tears becomes a sea, and as she treads water she meets a Mouse. The Mouse accompanies Alice to shore, where a number of animals stand gathered on a bank. After a “Caucus Race,” Alice scares the animals away with tales of her cat, Dinah, and finds herself alone again.

Alice meets the White Rabbit again, who mistakes her for a servant and sends her off to fetch his things. While in the White Rabbit’s house, Alice drinks an unmarked bottle of liquid and grows to the size of the room. The White Rabbit returns to his house, fuming at the now-giant Alice, but she swats him and his servants away with her giant hand. The animals outside try to get her out of the house by throwing rocks at her, which inexplicably transform into cakes when they land in the house. Alice eats one of the cakes, which causes her to shrink to a small size. She wanders off into the forest, where she meets a Caterpillar sitting on a mushroom and smoking a hookah (i.e., a water pipe). The Caterpillar and Alice get into an argument, but before the Caterpillar crawls away in disgust, he tells Alice that different parts of the mushroom will make her grow or shrink. Alice tastes a part of the mushroom, and her neck stretches above the trees. A pigeon sees her and attacks, deeming her a serpent hungry for pigeon eggs.

Alice eats another part of the mushroom and shrinks down to a normal height. She wanders until she comes across the house of the Duchess. She enters and finds the Duchess, who is nursing a squealing baby, as well as a grinning Cheshire Cat, and a Cook who tosses massive amounts of pepper into a cauldron of soup. The Duchess behaves rudely to Alice and then departs to prepare for a croquet game with the Queen. As she leaves, the Duchess hands Alice the baby, which Alice discovers is a pig. Alice lets the pig go and reenters the forest, where she meets the Cheshire Cat again. The Cheshire Cat explains to Alice that everyone in Wonderland is mad, including Alice herself. The Cheshire Cat gives directions to the March Hare’s house and fades away to nothing but a floating grin.

Alice travels to the March Hare’s house to find the March Hare, the Mad Hatter, and the Dormouse having tea together. Treated rudely by all three, Alice stands by the tea party, uninvited. She learns that they have wronged Time and are trapped in perpetual tea-time. After a final discourtesy, Alice leaves and journeys through the forest. She finds a tree with a door in its side, and travels through it to find herself back in the great hall. She takes the key and uses the mushroom to shrink down and enter the garden.

After saving several gardeners from the temper of the Queen of Hearts, Alice joins the Queen in a strange game of croquet. The croquet ground is hilly, the mallets and balls are live flamingos and hedgehogs, and the Queen tears about, frantically calling for the other player’s executions. Amidst this madness, Alice bumps into the Cheshire Cat again, who asks her how she is doing. The King of Hearts interrupts their conversation and attempts to bully the Cheshire Cat, who impudently dismisses the King. The King takes offense and arranges for the Cheshire Cat’s execution, but since the Cheshire Cat is now only a head floating in midair, no one can agree on how to behead it.

The Duchess approaches Alice and attempts to befriend her, but the Duchess makes Alice feel uneasy. The Queen of Hearts chases the Duchess off and tells Alice that she must visit the Mock Turtle to hear his story. The Queen of Hearts sends Alice with the Gryphon as her escort to meet the Mock Turtle. Alice shares her strange experiences with the Mock Turtle and the Gryphon, who listen sympathetically and comment on the strangeness of her adventures. After listening to the Mock Turtle’s story, they hear an announcement that a trial is about to begin, and the Gryphon brings Alice back to the croquet ground.

The Knave of Hearts stands trial for stealing the Queen’s tarts. The King of Hearts leads the proceedings, and various witnesses approach the stand to give evidence. The Mad Hatter and the Cook both give their testimony, but none of it makes any sense. The White Rabbit, acting as a herald, calls Alice to the witness stand. The King goes nowhere with his line of questioning, but takes encouragement when the White Rabbit provides new evidence in the form of a letter written by the Knave. The letter turns out to be a poem, which the King interprets as an admission of guilt on the part of the Knave. Alice believes the note to be nonsense and protests the King’s interpretation. The Queen becomes furious with Alice and orders her beheading, but Alice grows to a huge size and knocks over the Queen’s army of playing cards.

All of a sudden, Alice finds herself awake on her sister’s lap, back at the riverbank. She tells her sister about her dream and goes inside for tea as her sister ponders Alice’s adventures.

==List of Characters==

===The Pilgrims===

*'''Alice''' – The heroine and the dreamer of Wonderland; she is the principal character.
*'''Alice's Sister''' – She reads the book "without pictures or conversations." Alice's boredom with her sister's book leads her to fall asleep and dream her adventures in Wonderland.
*'''White Rabbit''' – The first creature that Alice sees in Wonderland.
*'''Mouse''' – The first creature that Alice sees while she is floating in a pool of her own tears.
*'''Duck''' – One of the menagerie in the pool of tears.
*'''Dodo''' – One of the animals in the pool of tears; he proposes the Caucus-race.
*'''Lory''' – Animal in the pool of tears.
*'''Eaglet''' – Animal in the pool of tears.
*'''Old Crab''' – Animal in the pool of tears.
*'''Old Magpie''' – Another animal in the pool of tears.
*'''Canary''' – Animal in the pool of tears.
*'''Dinah''' – Alice's pet cat, who lives above-ground.
*'''Pat''' – The White Rabbit's servant.
*'''Young Bill the Lizard''' – The other servant of the White Rabbit.
*'''Puppy''' – One of the nonpersonified or unanimated animals
*'''Caterpillar''' – The water-pipe smoking character whom Alice finds on a mushroom.
*'''Father William''' – An old man who is the subject of the misconceived poem that the Caterpillar asks Alice to recite.
*'''Father William's Son''' – The inquiring son of Father William.
*'''Pigeon''' – The pigeon hen attacks Alice because Alice's neck has been distorted by the mushroom into a serpent's shape.
*'''Fish-Footman''' – Servant of the Queen of Hearts who delivers the Queen's invitation (for the croquet party) to the Duchess.
*'''Frog-Footman''' – Doorman of the Duchess' house. He receives the Queen's croquet party invitation for the Duchess. He banters nonsense — with variations — to Alice.
*'''Duchess''' – Mad human character of hideous physical aspect and perverse disposition.
*'''Cook''' – Duchess' cook.
*'''Cheshire-Cat''' – It first appears in the kitchen with the Duchess, the Cook, and the pig/baby.
*'''March Hare''' – Host of the Mad Tea-Party.
*'''The Mad Hatter''' – Another guest-resident at the Mad Tea-Party.
*'''Dormouse''' – A hibernating guest-resident at the Mad Tea-Party.
*'''Spade Gardeners''' – The Two, the Five, and the Seven of Spades; animated playing cards.
*'''King of Hearts''' – He is the Queen's husband and also the judge at the trial of the Knave of Hearts.
*'''Queen of Hearts''' – The furious queen of the enchanted garden.
*'''Knave of Hearts''' – The only "person" in Wonderland to evoke Alice's sympathy.
*'''Three Sisters''' – Three little girls whom the Dormouse describes as living in the treacle well.
*'''Mock Turtle''' – A sad "mock turtle" who used to be a tortoise; he regales Alice with accounts of his peculiar education.
*'''Gryphon (Griffin)''' – A mythical creature who takes Alice to the Mock Turtle.
*'''Guinea Pigs''' – Part of the inefficient jury at the Knave of Hearts' trial.
*'''Pig/Baby''' – An "infant" whom Alice takes pity on when she sees it being cruelly tested by the Duchess. As Alice is escaping with it, it turns into a baby pig.
*'''Mary Ann''' – Servant of the White Rabbit.

==Literary Significance==

''Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland'' received mostly negative reviews when first published in 1865. Critics and readers alike found the book to be sheer nonsense, and one critic sneered that the book was “too extravagantly absurd to produce more diversion than disappointment and irritation.” Despite the negative reception, Carroll published the sequel, ''Through the Looking-Glass'' in 1871. After which, the first novel had found an appreciative readership.
Over time, Carroll’s combination of sophisticated logic, social satire, and pure fantasy would make the book a classic for children and adults alike. Critics eventually recognized the literary merits of both texts, and celebrated authors and philosophers ranging from [[James Joyce]] to [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] praised Carroll’s stories.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/fiction/world-classics/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland.html Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/alice-in-wonderland/about.html Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]. cliffsnotes.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.literature.org/authors/carroll-lewis/alices-adventures-in-wonderland/ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]. literature.org. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/fiction/world-classics/alice-s-adventures-in-wonderland.html Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

KnowYourCandidate

Adminwiki — Wed, 20 Feb 2013 01:43:17 GMT

Summary:

The Canterbury Tales

Xtopherdelax — Tue, 19 Feb 2013 07:13:45 GMT

Summary: /* Summary */

[[Image:canterbury.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''The Canterbury Tales'''''.]]

'''The Canterbury Tales''' is a collection of stories written by [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] in Middle English and was published in the 1470s. Each tale is presented by a member of a group of pilgrims who came from all layers of society as they travel to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.

Like [[Giovanni Boccaccio]]'s ''[[The Decameron]]'' Chaucer's collection is structured with different tales in a frame, often told in verse (although some are in prose) to depict an ironic and critical portrait of English society and the church. ''The Canterbury Tales'' is written in Middle English, which bears a close visual resemblance to the English written and spoken today.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/canterbury/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

'''General Prologue'''

At the Tabard Inn, a tavern in Southwark, near London, the narrator joins a company of twenty-nine pilgrims. The pilgrims, like the narrator, are traveling to the shrine of the martyr Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The narrator gives a descriptive account of twenty-seven of these pilgrims, including a Knight, Squire, Yeoman, Prioress, Monk, Friar, Merchant, Clerk, Man of Law, Franklin, Haberdasher, Carpenter, Weaver, Dyer, Tapestry-Weaver, Cook, Shipman, Physician, Wife, Parson, Plowman, Miller, Manciple, Reeve, Summoner, Pardoner, and Host. (He does not describe the Second Nun or the Nun’s Priest, although both characters appear later in the book.) The Host, whose name, we find out in the Prologue to the Cook’s Tale, is Harry Bailey, suggests that the group ride together and entertain one another with stories. He decides that each pilgrim will tell two stories on the way to Canterbury and two on the way back. Whomever he judges to be the best storyteller will receive a meal at Bailey’s tavern, courtesy of the other pilgrims. The pilgrims draw lots and determine that the Knight will tell the first tale.

'''The Knight’s Tale'''

Theseus, duke of Athens, imprisons Arcite and Palamon, two knights from Thebes (another city in ancient Greece). From their prison, the knights see and fall in love with Theseus’s sister-in-law, Emelye. Through the intervention of a friend, Arcite is freed, but he is banished from Athens. He returns in disguise and becomes a page in Emelye’s chamber. Palamon escapes from prison, and the two meet and fight over Emelye. Theseus apprehends them and arranges a tournament between the two knights and their allies, with Emelye as the prize. Arcite wins, but he is accidentally thrown from his horse and dies. Palamon then marries Emelye.

'''The Miller’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Host asks the Monk to tell the next tale, but the drunken Miller interrupts and insists that his tale should be the next. He tells the story of an impoverished student named Nicholas, who persuades his landlord’s sexy young wife, Alisoun, to spend the night with him. He convinces his landlord, a carpenter named John, that the second flood is coming, and tricks him into spending the night in a tub hanging from the ceiling of his barn. Absolon, a young parish clerk who is also in love with Alisoun, appears outside the window of the room where Nicholas and Alisoun lie together. When Absolon begs Alisoun for a kiss, she sticks her rear end out the window in the dark and lets him kiss it. Absolon runs and gets a red-hot poker, returns to the window, and asks for another kiss; when Nicholas sticks his bottom out the window and farts, Absolon brands him on the buttocks. Nicholas’s cries for water make the carpenter think that the flood has come, so the carpenter cuts the rope connecting his tub to the ceiling, falls down, and breaks his arm.

'''The Reeve’s Prologue and Tale'''

Because he also does carpentry, the Reeve takes offense at the Miller’s tale of a stupid carpenter, and counters with his own tale of a dishonest miller. The Reeve tells the story of two students, John and Alayn, who go to the mill to watch the miller grind their corn, so that he won’t have a chance to steal any. But the miller unties their horse, and while they chase it, he steals some of the flour he has just ground for them. By the time the students catch the horse, it is dark, so they spend the night in the miller’s house. That night, Alayn seduces the miller’s daughter, and John seduces his wife. When the miller wakes up and finds out what has happened, he tries to beat the students. His wife, thinking that her husband is actually one of the students, hits the miller over the head with a staff. The students take back their stolen goods and leave.

'''The Cook’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Cook particularly enjoys the Reeve’s Tale, and offers to tell another funny tale. The tale concerns an apprentice named Perkyn who drinks and dances so much that he is called “Perkyn Reveler.” Finally, Perkyn’s master decides that he would rather his apprentice leave to revel than stay home and corrupt the other servants. Perkyn arranges to stay with a friend who loves drinking and gambling, and who has a wife who is a prostitute. The tale breaks off, unfinished, after fifty-eight lines.

'''The Man of Law’s Introduction, Prologue, Tale, and Epilogue'''

The Host reminds his fellow pilgrims to waste no time, because lost time cannot be regained. He asks the Man of Law to tell the next tale. The Man of Law agrees, apologizing that he cannot tell any suitable tale that Chaucer has not already told—Chaucer may be unskilled as a poet, says the Man of Law, but he has told more stories of lovers than Ovid, and he doesn’t print tales of incest as John Gower does (Gower was a contemporary of Chaucer). In the Prologue to his tale, the Man of Law laments the miseries of poverty. He then remarks how fortunate merchants are, and says that his tale is one told to him by a merchant.

In the tale, the Muslim sultan of Syria converts his entire sultanate (including himself) to Christianity in order to persuade the emperor of Rome to give him his daughter, Custance, in marriage. The sultan’s mother and her attendants remain secretly faithful to Islam. The mother tells her son she wishes to hold a banquet for him and all the Christians. At the banquet, she massacres her son and all the Christians except for Custance, whom she sets adrift in a rudderless ship. After years of floating, Custance runs ashore in Northumberland, where a constable and his wife, Hermengyld, offer her shelter. She converts them to Christianity.

One night, Satan makes a young knight sneak into Hermengyld’s chamber and murder Hermengyld. He places the bloody knife next to Custance, who sleeps in the same chamber. When the constable returns home, accompanied by Alla, the king of Northumberland, he finds his slain wife. He tells Alla the story of how Custance was found, and Alla begins to pity the girl. He decides to look more deeply into the murder. Just as the knight who murdered Hermengyld is swearing that Custance is the true murderer, he is struck down and his eyes burst out of his face, proving his guilt to Alla and the crowd. The knight is executed, Alla and many others convert to Christianity, and Custance and Alla marry.

While Alla is away in Scotland, Custance gives birth to a boy named Mauricius. Alla’s mother, Donegild, intercepts a letter from Custance to Alla and substitutes a counterfeit one that claims that the child is disfigured and bewitched. She then intercepts Alla’s reply, which claims that the child should be kept and loved no matter how malformed. Donegild substitutes a letter saying that Custance and her son are banished and should be sent away on the same ship on which Custance arrived. Alla returns home, finds out what has happened, and kills Donegild.

After many adventures at sea, including an attempted rape, Custance ends up back in Rome, where she reunites with Alla, who has made a pilgrimage there to atone for killing his mother. She also reunites with her father, the emperor. Alla and Custance return to England, but Alla dies after a year, so Custance returns, once more, to Rome. Mauricius becomes the next Roman emperor.
Following the Man of Law’s Tale, the Host asks the Parson to tell the next tale, but the Parson reproaches him for swearing, and they fall to bickering.

'''The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Wife of Bath gives a lengthy account of her feelings about marriage. Quoting from the Bible, the Wife argues against those who believe it is wrong to marry more than once, and she explains how she dominated and controlled each of her five husbands. She married her fifth husband, Jankyn, for love instead of money. After the Wife has rambled on for a while, the Friar butts in to complain that she is taking too long, and the Summoner retorts that friars are like flies, always meddling. The Friar promises to tell a tale about a summoner, and the Summoner promises to tell a tale about a friar. The Host cries for everyone to quiet down and allow the Wife to commence her tale.

In her tale, a young knight of King Arthur’s court rapes a maiden; to atone for his crime, Arthur’s queen sends him on a quest to discover what women want most. An ugly old woman promises the knight that she will tell him the secret if he promises to do whatever she wants for saving his life. He agrees, and she tells him women want control of their husbands and their own lives. They go together to Arthur’s queen, and the old woman’s answer turns out to be correct. The old woman then tells the knight that he must marry her. When the knight confesses later that he is repulsed by her appearance, she gives him a choice: she can either be ugly and faithful, or beautiful and unfaithful. The knight tells her to make the choice herself, and she rewards him for giving her control of the marriage by rendering herself both beautiful and faithful.

'''The Friar’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Friar speaks approvingly of the Wife of Bath’s Tale, and offers to lighten things up for the company by telling a funny story about a lecherous summoner. The Summoner does not object, but he promises to pay the Friar back in his own tale. The Friar tells of an archdeacon who carries out the law without mercy, especially to lechers. The archdeacon has a summoner who has a network of spies working for him, to let him know who has been lecherous. The summoner extorts money from those he’s sent to summon, charging them more money than he should for penance. He tries to serve a summons on a yeoman who is actually a devil in disguise. After comparing notes on their treachery and extortion, the devil vanishes, but when the summoner tries to prosecute an old wealthy widow unfairly, the widow cries out that the summoner should be taken to hell. The devil follows the woman’s instructions and drags the summoner off to hell.

'''The Summoner’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Summoner, furious at the Friar’s Tale, asks the company to let him tell the next tale. First, he tells the company that there is little difference between friars and fiends, and that when an angel took a friar down to hell to show him the torments there, the friar asked why there were no friars in hell; the angel then pulled up Satan’s tail and 20,000 friars came out of his ass.

In the Summoner’s Tale, a friar begs for money from a dying man named Thomas and his wife, who have recently lost their child. The friar shamelessly exploits the couple’s misfortunes to extract money from them, so Thomas tells the friar that he is sitting on something that he will bequeath to the friars. The friar reaches for his bequest, and Thomas lets out an enormous fart. The friar complains to the lord of the manor, whose squire promises to divide the fart evenly among all the friars.

'''The Clerk’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Host asks the Clerk to cheer up and tell a merry tale, and the Clerk agrees to tell a tale by the Italian poet Petrarch. Griselde is a hardworking peasant who marries into the aristocracy. Her husband tests her fortitude in several ways, including pretending to kill her children and divorcing her. He punishes her one final time by forcing her to prepare for his wedding to a new wife. She does all this dutifully, her husband tells her that she has always been and will always be his wife (the divorce was a fraud), and they live happily ever after.

'''The Merchant’s Prologue, Tale, and Epilogue'''

The Merchant reflects on the great difference between the patient Griselde of the Clerk’s Tale and the horrible shrew he has been married to for the past two months. The Host asks him to tell a story of the evils of marriage, and he complies. Against the advice of his friends, an old knight named January marries May, a beautiful young woman. She is less than impressed by his enthusiastic sexual efforts, and conspires to cheat on him with his squire, Damien. When blind January takes May into his garden to copulate with her, she tells him she wants to eat a pear, and he helps her up into the pear tree, where she has sex with Damien. Pluto, the king of the faeries, restores January’s sight, but May, caught in the act, assures him that he must still be blind. The Host prays to God to keep him from marrying a wife like the one the Merchant describes.

'''The Squire’s Introduction and Tale'''

The Host calls upon the Squire to say something about his favorite subject, love, and the Squire willingly complies. King Cambyuskan of the Mongol Empire is visited on his birthday by a knight bearing gifts from the king of Arabia and India. He gives Cambyuskan and his daughter Canacee a magic brass horse, a magic mirror, a magic ring that gives Canacee the ability to understand the language of birds, and a sword with the power to cure any wound it creates. She rescues a dying female falcon that narrates how her consort abandoned her for the love of another. The Squire’s Tale is either unfinished by Chaucer or is meant to be interrupted by the Franklin, who interjects that he wishes his own son were as eloquent as the Squire. The Host expresses annoyance at the Franklin’s interruption, and orders him to begin the next tale.

'''The Franklin’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Franklin says that his tale is a familiar Breton lay, a folk ballad of ancient Brittany. Dorigen, the heroine, awaits the return of her husband, Arveragus, who has gone to England to win honor in feats of arms. She worries that the ship bringing her husband home will wreck itself on the coastal rocks, and she promises Aurelius, a young man who falls in love with her, that she will give her body to him if he clears the rocks from the coast. Aurelius hires a student learned in magic to create the illusion that the rocks have disappeared. Arveragus returns home and tells his wife that she must keep her promise to Aurelius. Aurelius is so impressed by Arveragus’s honorable act that he generously absolves her of the promise, and the magician, in turn, generously absolves Aurelius of the money he owes.

'''The Physician’s Tale'''

Appius the judge lusts after Virginia, the beautiful daughter of Virginius. Appius persuades a churl named Claudius to declare her his slave, stolen from him by Virginius. Appius declares that Virginius must hand over his daughter to Claudius. Virginius tells his daughter that she must die rather than suffer dishonor, and she virtuously consents to her father’s cutting her head off. Appius sentences Virginius to death, but the Roman people, aware of Appius’s hijinks, throw him into prison, where he kills himself.

'''The Pardoner’s Introduction, Prologue, and Tale'''

The Host is dismayed by the tragic injustice of the Physician’s Tale, and asks the Pardoner to tell something merry. The other pilgrims contradict the Host, demanding a moral tale, which the Pardoner agrees to tell after he eats and drinks. The Pardoner tells the company how he cheats people out of their money by preaching that money is the root of all evil. His tale describes three riotous youths who go looking for Death, thinking that they can kill him. An old man tells them that they will find Death under a tree. Instead, they find eight bushels of gold, which they plot to sneak into town under cover of darkness. The youngest goes into town to fetch food and drink, but brings back poison, hoping to have the gold all to himself. His companions kill him to enrich their own shares, then drink the poison and die under the tree. His tale complete, the Pardoner offers to sell the pilgrims pardons, and singles out the Host to come kiss his relics. The Host infuriates the Pardoner by accusing him of fraud, but the Knight persuades the two to kiss and bury their differences.

'''The Shipman’s Tale'''

The Shipman’s Tale features a monk who tricks a merchant’s wife into having sex with him by borrowing money from the merchant, then giving it to the wife so she can repay her own debt to her husband, in exchange for sexual favors. When the monk sees the merchant next, he tells him that he returned the merchant’s money to his wife. The wife realizes she has been duped, but she boldly tells her husband to forgive her debt: she will repay it in bed. The Host praises the Shipman’s story, and asks the Prioress for a tale.

'''The Prioress’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Prioress calls on the Virgin Mary to guide her tale. In an Asian city, a Christian school is located at the edge of a Jewish ghetto. An angelic seven-year-old boy, a widow’s son, attends the school. He is a devout Christian, and loves to sing Alma Redemptoris (Gracious Mother of the Redeemer). Singing the song on his way through the ghetto, some Jews hire a murderer to slit his throat and throw him into a latrine. The Jews refuse to tell the widow where her son is, but he miraculously begins to sing Alma Redemptoris, so the Christian people recover his body, and the magistrate orders the murdering Jews to be drawn apart by wild horses and then hanged.

'''The Prologue and Tale of Sir Thopas'''

The Host, after teasing Chaucer the narrator about his appearance, asks him to tell a tale. Chaucer says that he only knows one tale, then launches into a parody of bad poetry—the Tale of Sir Thopas. Sir Thopas rides about looking for an elf-queen to marry until he is confronted by a giant. The narrator’s doggerel continues in this vein until the Host can bear no more and interrupts him. Chaucer asks him why he can’t tell his tale, since it is the best he knows, and the Host explains that his rhyme isn’t worth a turd. He encourages Chaucer to tell a prose tale.

'''The Tale of Melibee'''

Chaucer’s second tale is the long, moral prose story of Melibee. Melibee’s house is raided by his foes, who beat his wife, Prudence, and severely wound his daughter, Sophie, in her feet, hands, ears, nose, and mouth. Prudence advises him not to rashly pursue vengeance on his enemies, and he follows her advice, putting his foes’ punishment in her hands. She forgives them for the outrages done to her, in a model of Christian forbearance and forgiveness.

'''The Monk’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Host wishes that his own wife were as patient as Melibee’s, and calls upon the Monk to tell the next tale. First he teases the Monk, pointing out that the Monk is clearly no poor cloisterer. The Monk takes it all in stride and tells a series of tragic falls, in which noble figures are brought low: Lucifer, Adam, Sampson, Hercules, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, Zenobia, Pedro of Castile, and down through the ages.

'''The Nun’s Priest’s Prologue, Tale, and Epilogue'''

After seventeen noble “falls” narrated by the Monk, the Knight interrupts, and the Host calls upon the Nun’s Priest to deliver something more lively. The Nun’s Priest tells of Chanticleer the Rooster, who is carried off by a flattering fox who tricks him into closing his eyes and displaying his crowing abilities. Chanticleer turns the tables on the fox by persuading him to open his mouth and brag to the barnyard about his feat, upon which Chanticleer falls out of the fox’s mouth and escapes. The Host praises the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, adding that if the Nun’s Priest were not in holy orders, he would be as sexually potent as Chanticleer.

'''The Second Nun’s Prologue and Tale'''

In her Prologue, the Second Nun explains that she will tell a saint’s life, that of Saint Cecilia, for this saint set an excellent example through her good works and wise teachings. She focuses particularly on the story of Saint Cecilia’s martyrdom. Before Cecilia’s new husband, Valerian, can take her virginity, she sends him on a pilgrimage to Pope Urban, who converts him to Christianity. An angel visits Valerian, who asks that his brother Tiburce be granted the grace of Christian conversion as well. All three—Cecilia, Tiburce, and Valerian—are put to death by the Romans.

'''The Canon’s Yeoman’s Prologue and Tale'''

When the Second Nun’s Tale is finished, the company is overtaken by a black-clad Canon and his Yeoman, who have heard of the pilgrims and their tales and wish to participate. The Yeoman brags to the company about how he and the Canon create the illusion that they are alchemists, and the Canon departs in shame at having his secrets discovered. The Yeoman tells a tale of how a canon defrauded a priest by creating the illusion of alchemy using sleight of hand.

'''The Manciple’s Prologue and Tale'''

The Host pokes fun at the Cook, riding at the back of the company, blind drunk. The Cook is unable to honor the Host’s request that he tell a tale, and the Manciple criticizes him for his drunkenness. The Manciple relates the legend of a white crow, taken from the Roman poet Ovid’s Metamorphoses and one of the tales in The Arabian Nights. In it, Phoebus’s talking white crow informs him that his wife is cheating on him. Phoebus kills the wife, pulls out the crow’s white feathers, and curses it with blackness.

'''The Parson’s Prologue and Tale'''

As the company enters a village in the late afternoon, the Host calls upon the Parson to give them a fable. Refusing to tell a fictional story because it would go against the rule set by St. Paul, the Parson delivers a lengthy treatise on the Seven Deadly Sins, instead.

'''Chaucer’s Retraction'''

Chaucer appeals to readers to credit Jesus Christ as the inspiration for anything in his book that they like, and to attribute what they don’t like to his own ignorance and lack of ability. He retracts and prays for forgiveness for all of his works dealing with secular and pagan subjects, asking only to be remembered for what he has written of saints’ lives and homilies.

==List of Characters==

===The Pilgrims===

*'''The Host (Harry Bailey)''' – The owner of the Tabard Inn, who volunteers to travel with the pilgrims.
*'''The Knight''' – Socially the most prominent person on the pilgrimage, epitomizing chivalry, truth, and honor.
*'''The Miller''' – A drunken, brash, and vulgar man who rudely interrupts the Host, demands that his tale be next, and warns everyone that his tale about a carpenter will be vulgar because it is true.
*'''The Reeve''' – A very old and irritable man who was once a carpenter.
*'''The Man of Law''' – A lawyer and one of the high justices of the court.
*'''The Cook (Roger)''' – Known for his cooking and characterized by a chancre sore that runs with pus.
*'''The Wife of Bath (Alisoun)''' – Characterized as gat-toothed, somewhat deaf, and wearing bright scarlet red stockings.
*'''The Friar (Hubert)''' – A sensual, licentious man who seduces young girls and then arranges their marriages.
*'''The Summoner''' – An officer of the church who calls people for a church trial.
*'''The Clerk''' – A sincere, devout student at Oxford University who loves learning and is respected by all the pilgrims.
*'''The Merchant''' – A shrewd and intelligent man who knows how to strike a good bargain and is a member of the rich rising middle class.
*'''The Squire''' – A vain, lusty young man and a candidate for knighthood.
*'''The Franklin''' – A large and wealthy landowner who enjoys fine living and good companionship.
*'''The Shipman''' – A huge, uncouth man who can steer a ship but flounders on his horse.
*'''The Prioress (Madame Eglantine)''' – A very genteel lady who is coy and delicate and has precise manners, eats as an aristocrat would, and wears a gold brooch with "Love conquers all" inscribed in Latin.
*'''The Physician''' – A doctor who can speak knowingly of medicines, drugs, and humours, and who knows astrology as well.
*'''The Pardoner''' – He is fond of gold and makes a lot of money during the plague season.
*'''The Monk''' – A man who tends the property of the monastery.
*'''The Nun's Priest''' – The priest of the church who accompanies the nuns so that they may offer up their confessions.
*'''The Second Nun''' – A very devout nun who, because she believes that idleness leads to sin, begins her story immediately.
*'''The Canon and the Canon's Yeoman''' – Although not one of the pilgrims, the Canon appears with his servant (the Yeoman) but leaves when his Yeoman begins a tale.
*'''The Manciple''' – The steward for a law school.
*'''The Parson''' – A very poor but very holy and virtuous religious man who tells a highly moral tale.

==Analysis==

Among the themes the tales discussed are the concept of courtly love, the importance of the church, and morality. It appears that most of the members of the clergy are corrupt officials as depicted in the tales or even in the characterization of the pilgrims. The tales also serve as a reminder of the seven capital sins, namely pride, anger, lust, envy, gluttony, avarice and sloth.

==Literary Significance==

The tradition utilized by Chaucer in ''The Canterbury Tales'' had been used by Boccaccio in ''The Decameron''. However, Chaucer came up with the literary device of having a pilgrimage that allowed him to bring together a diverse group of individuals from different classes, representing a wide spectrum of society with various ranks and occupations.

Aside from the high literary standard of The Canterbury Tales, the work stands as a historical and sociological introduction to the life and times of the late Middle Ages. During Chaucer's time, regardless how brilliant and talented one might be, there was no way for a commoner to move from his class into the aristocracy. Chaucer, however, made that leap as well as anyone could.

''The Canterbury Tales'' also put Chaucer in the troika of the English language, along with [[William Shakespeare]] and [[John Milton]], for his contribution in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular English, rather than French or Latin.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/fiction/world-classics/canterbury-tales-and-other-poems.html The Canterbury Tales and Other Poems]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/canterbury-tales/about.html The Canterbury Tales]. cliffsnotes.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on The Canterbury Tales.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web. 19 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.librarius.com/cantales.htm The Canterbury Tales]. librarius.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.canterburytalesproject.org/ The Canterbury Tales Project]. canterburytalesproject.org. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/fiction/world-classics/canterbury-tales-and-other-poems.html The Canterbury Tales and Other Poems Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

Daddy Long Legs

Xtopherdelax — Tue, 19 Feb 2013 06:05:11 GMT

Summary: New page: [[Image:daddylonglegs.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Daddy Long Legs'''''.]] '''Daddy Long Legs''' is a [[novel]] by [[Jean Webster]]. It has been adapted in different media such as televis...

[[Image:daddylonglegs.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Daddy Long Legs'''''.]]

'''Daddy Long Legs''' is a [[novel]] by [[Jean Webster]]. It has been adapted in different media such as television series, animation, and theater. The novel, considered as young adult literature, follows the story of a young girl who writes letters to her rich benefactor she has never seen.

==Plot Overview==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1499952.Daddy_Long_Legs Goodreads.com]):''

Jerusha Abbott has grown up in the John Grier Home for orphans. As the oldest, she is in charge of the younger children. An anonymous benefactor on the Board, "Mr. Smith," decides to send her to college, as long as she writes to him faithfully detailing her education. Originally published in 1912, Jean Webster's coming-of-age tale continues to be relevant to young women today. Actress Kate Forges shares these months and years, from freshman to senior in college. Through a series of letters Jerusha writes to "Daddy-Long-Legs," a relationship filled with affection and respect develops.

==List of Characters==

*'''Judy Abbott''' – A cheerful and intelligent girl whose parents died when she was still a baby.
*'''Sally BcBride''' – A shy but sweet girl who is one of Judy's roommates at the Lincoln Memorial High School.
*'''Julia Rutledge Pendleton''' – A wealthy and snobbish student, she is very tall and elegant and one of Judy's roommates at the Lincoln Memorial High School.
*'''Joanna Sloan''' – The manager of the dormitory where Judy lives in Fergussen Hall, who tends to put up a mask of cruelty and anger to hide what she truly feels.
*'''Jervis Pendleton''' – Julia Pendleton's uncle, whom Judy meets over her time at the Lincoln Memorial school. He later develops feelings for Judy.
*'''Walter Grigs''' – Secretary of Judy's sponsor, "Daddy Long-Legs".
*'''Jimmy McBride''' – Sally's elder brother, he is the highly popular ace of the [[Princeton University]] football team.
*'''Bob''' – Captain of Princeton University football team, a gentle man, albeit unreliable at times.
*'''Leonora Fenton''' – Judy's new roommate.
*'''Catherine Lippett''' – John Greer Orphanage's Director.
*'''Mary Lambart''' – St. George Orphanage's Staff.

==Literary Significance==

Considered as young adult literature, ''Daddy Long Legs''' captured the part of a trend of a college girl dealing with post-high-school concerns such as college, career, and marriage. These books predated the contemporary view of adolescence. Other authors who wrote in this vein include L. M. Montgomery and Louisa May Alcott.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/daddy-long-legs.html Daddy Long Legs]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1499952.Daddy_Long_Legs Daddy Long Legs]. goodreads.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021775/ Daddy Long Legs]. imdb.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://www.readingmatters.co.uk/book.php?id=130 Daddy Long Legs]. readingmatters.co.uk. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)
*[http://misadventuresofmoppet.wordpress.com/bibliography/here-be-spoilers/spoilers-for-daddy-long-legs-by-jean-webster/ Spoilers for Daddy Long-Legs by Jean Webster]. misadventuresofmoppet.wordpress.com. (Accessed on 19 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[ http://www.vibebookstore.com/daddy-long-legs.html Daddy Long Legs Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:American Literature]]

</noinclude>

Antony and Cleopatra

Xtopherdelax — Mon, 18 Feb 2013 09:48:51 GMT

Summary: /* References */

[[Image:antonyandcleopatra.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Antony and Cleopatra'''''.]]

'''Antony and Cleopatra''' is a [[play]] by [[William Shakespeare]]. It is a [[tragedy]] believed to have been written around 1608 immediately after ''[[Macbeth]]''.

The primary source for the play was the ''Life of Marcus Antonius'' from [[Plutarch|Plutarch's]] ''Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans'' translated into English in 1579. It follows the love story of Mark Antony and Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt after the events of an earlier play about the Roman Empire, ''[[Julius Caesar]]''.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/antony/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

Mark Antony, one of the three rulers of the Roman Empire, spends his time in Egypt, living a life of decadence and conducting an affair with the country’s beautiful queen, Cleopatra. When a message arrives informing him that his wife, Fulvia, is dead and that Pompey is raising an army to rebel against the triumvirate, Antony decides to return to Rome. In Antony’s absence, Octavius Caesar and Lepidus, his fellow triumvirs, worry about Pompey’s increasing strength. Caesar condemns Antony for neglecting his duties as a statesman and military officer in order to live a decadent life by Cleopatra’s side.

The news of his wife’s death and imminent battle pricks Antony’s sense of duty, and he feels compelled to return to Rome. Upon his arrival, he and Caesar quarrel, while Lepidus ineffectually tries to make peace. Realizing that an alliance is necessary to defeat Pompey, Antony and Caesar agree that Antony will marry Caesar’s sister, Octavia, who will solidify their loyalty to one another. Enobarbus, Antony’s closest friend, predicts to Caesar’s men that, despite the marriage, Antony will surely return to Cleopatra.

In Egypt, Cleopatra learns of Antony’s marriage and flies into a jealous rage. However, when a messenger delivers word that Octavia is plain and unimpressive, Cleopatra becomes confident that she will win Antony back. The triumvirs meet Pompey and settle their differences without going to battle. Pompey agrees to keep peace in exchange for rule over Sicily and Sardinia. That evening, the four men drink to celebrate their truce. One of Pompey’s soldiers discloses to him a plan to assassinate the triumvirs, thereby delivering world power into Pompey’s hands, but Pompey dismisses the scheme as an affront to his honor. Meanwhile, one of Antony’s -generals wins a victory over the kingdom of Parthia.

Antony and Octavia depart for Athens. Once they are gone, Caesar breaks his truce, wages war against Pompey, and defeats him. After using Lepidus’s army to secure a victory, he accuses Lepidus of treason, imprisons him, and confiscates his land and possessions. This news angers Antony, as do the rumors that Caesar has been speaking out against him in public. Octavia pleads with Antony to maintain a peaceful relationship with her brother. Should Antony and Caesar fight, she says, her affections would be painfully divided. Antony dispatches her to Rome on a peace mission, and quickly returns to Egypt and Cleopatra. There, he raises a large army to fight Caesar, and Caesar, incensed over Antony’s treatment of his sister, responds in kind. Caesar commands his army and navy to Egypt. Ignoring all advice to the contrary, Antony elects to fight him at sea, allowing Cleopatra to command a ship despite Enobarbus’s strong objections. Antony’s forces lose the battle when Cleopatra’s ship flees and Antony’s follows, leaving the rest of the fleet vulnerable.

Antony despairs, condemning Cleopatra for leading him into infamy but quickly forgiving her. He and Cleopatra send requests to their conqueror: Antony asks to be allowed to live in Egypt, while Cleopatra asks that her kingdom be passed down to her rightful heirs. Caesar dismisses Antony’s request, but he promises Cleopatra a fair hearing if she betrays her lover. Cleopatra seems to be giving thought to Caesar’s message when Antony barges in, curses her for her treachery, and orders the innocent messenger whipped. When, moments later, Antony forgives Cleopatra, Enobarbus decides that his master is finished and defects to Caesar’s camp.

Antony meets Caesar’s troops in battle and scores an unexpected victory. When he learns of Enobarbus’s desertion, Antony laments his own bad fortune, which he believes has corrupted an honorable man. He sends his friend’s possessions to Caesar’s camp and returns to Cleopatra to celebrate his victory. Enobarbus, undone by shame at his own disloyalty, bows under the weight of his guilt and dies. Another day brings another battle, and once again Antony meets Caesar at sea. As before, the Egyptian fleet proves treacherous; it abandons the fight and leaves Antony to suffer defeat. Convinced that his lover has betrayed him, Antony vows to kill Cleopatra. In order to protect herself, she quarters herself in her monument and sends word that she has committed suicide. Antony, racked with grief, determines to join his queen in the afterlife. He commands one of his attendants to fulfill his promise of unquestioned service and kill him. The attendant kills himself instead. Antony then falls on his own sword, but the wound is not immediately fatal. He is carried to Cleopatra’s monument, where the lovers are reunited briefly before Antony’s death. Caesar takes the queen prisoner, planning to display her in Rome as a testament to the might of his empire, but she learns of his plan and kills herself with the help of several poisonous snakes. Caesar has her buried beside Antony.

==List of Characters==

*'''Helena''' – The daughter of a very famous, recently deceased court physician, has the physical and mental attributes which could command the attention of virtually any eligible bachelor, but unfortunately, she does not have the correct social pedigree to entice the man whom she loves, Bertram. *'''Betram''' – He is under the influence of the patently superficial Parolles, and he lies outright on more than one occasion
*'''King of France''' – Once a valiant warrior and a staunch friend of Bertram's father
*'''Countess of Rousillon''' – Bertram's mother fully sympathizes with Helena in her state of lovelorn agony, and she goes so far as to say that she will disown her son as a result of his rejection of her adopted "daughter."
*'''Lafeu''' – An elderly friend of the Countess and her family
*'''Parolles''' – The tempter of Bertram as a "prodigal son
*'''Clown (Lavache)''' – An elderly friend of the Countess and her family
*'''A Widow of Florence''' – Helps Helena arrange and execute the old "bed trick"; here, Bertram is trapped into sleeping with his own wife in the belief that she is another woman
*'''Diana''' – The widow's daughter and Helena's ally in her pursuit of Bertram
*'''Mariana''' – A neighbor of the widow
*'''Two French Lords, the Brothers Dumain''' – The two noblemen who mastermind the plot to expose Parolles.

*'''Mark Antony''' – A middle-aged Roman general who rules the Roman Empire along with Lepidus and Octavius Caesar.
*'''Octavius Caesar''' – The adopted son of Julius Caesar, his grand-uncle, he is only in his early twenties, but he is determined to ultimately be the sole ruler of the Roman Empire.
*'''Lepidus''' – As a member of the Triumvirate, he serves as a mediator between Antony and Caesar, the two rivals; he has no real power of his own.
*'''Cleopatra''' – Queen of Egypt, deeply infatuated with Antony
*'''Octavia''' – Engaged to Antony in order to cement a political and military truce between Antony and her brother, Caesar.
*'''Sextus Pompeius (Pompey)''' – Formerly a Roman, Pompey left Rome with a faction that included several pirates and some of Julius Caesar's navy.
*'''Enobarbus''' – Antony's trusted lieutenant and close friend
*'''Ventidius''' – Another of Antony's officers sent to fight the Parthians
*'''Searus''' – Another of Antony's officers; he serves as Antony's aide after Enobarbus deserts his general.
*'''Dercetas''' – He is one of the first to find Antony after Antony has tried to kill himself.
*'''Demetrius and Philo''' – Antony's friends who are among those who go with him to Egypt.
*'''Canidius''' – A Lieutenant General to Antony, but he deserts Antony's camp for Caesar's faction after Antony's first major defeat.
*'''Euphronius''' – He serves as an ambassador from Antony to Caesar.
*'''Fulvia''' – She does not appear in the play, but she is Antony's first wife.
*'''Taurus''' – Lieutenant General to Caesar whose strategies help Caesar to win the war against the forces of Antony and Cleopatra.
*'''Maecenas''' – An officer and a friend of Caesar.
*'''Agrippa''' – Another friend of Caesar; along with Maecenas, he never judges Antony quite as lightly as does his general.
*'''Proculeius''' – A friend of Caesar who acts as a messenger and tells Cleopatra on behalf of Caesar that she need not be afraid for her welfare.
*'''Dolabella''' – Feels pity for Cleopatra and warns her that Caesar's promises to her may be empty ones.
*'''Thyreus''' – He also acts as a messenger, telling Cleopatra of Antony's defeat and Octavius's victory.
*'''Charmian''' – She is one of Cleopatra's closest friends and court confidantes.
*'''Iras''' – Another of Cleopatra's attendants.
*'''Alexas''' – A servant of Cleopatra who acts as a messenger between her and Antony.
*'''Mardian''' – This member of Cleopatra's entourage is a eunuch, a fact which Cleopatra enjoys teasing him about.
*'''Menas''' – A pirate who advises Pompey to take the triumvirs captive and have them murdered while they are attending a banquet aboard his ship.
*'''Menecrates''' – A chief officer of Pompey who helps his general plan strategies.
*'''Varrius''' – He is warlike and ambitious, like Pompey, but he is less unscrupulous than Menas.
*'''Eros and Gallus''' – Eros is a friend of Antony's; Gallus is a friend of Caesar's.
*'''Silius''' – An officer in Ventidius's army.
*'''Seleucus and Diomedes''' – Attendants to Cleopatra.
*'''A Soothsayer''' – A fortuneteller who tells Charmian that she will outlive Cleopatra

==Analysis==

In historical accounts, the events that happened in ''Antony and Cleopatra'' spans for over ten years, whereas the play is compressed to fit the needs of the stage. Antony's character is slightly tweaked, for he was much older in ''[[Julius Caesar]]'' and his political instincts seem to be declining. Most of the political battles and machinations depicted in the play are historically accurate, as is the romance of the title characters.

==Literary Significance==

''Antony and Cleopatra'' is considered as one of Shakespeare's last great tragedies. It is the playwright's return to Roman history after eight years. The British Empire was beginning to expand thus a play about a great empire such as the Roman would be considered as a good example to show a lesson in handling the whole empire issue.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/antony-and-cleopatra.html Antony and Cleopatra]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/antony-and-cleopatra.html Antony and Cleopatra]. cliffsnotes.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on Antony and Cleopatra.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2003. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/antony/ Antony and Cleopatra]. online-literature.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.shmoop.com/antony-cleopatra/ Antony and Cleopatra]. shmoop.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/antony-and-cleopatra.html Antony and Cleopatra Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

All's Well that Ends Well

Xtopherdelax — Mon, 18 Feb 2013 08:42:00 GMT

Summary:

[[Image:allswell.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''All's Well That Ends Well'''''.]]

'''All's Well That Ends Well''' is a [[play]] by [[William Shakespeare]]. It is believed to have written between 1603 and 1606, and was based on a pupular story from Giovanni Boccaccio's ''[[Decameron]]''.

Along with ''[[Troilus and Cressida]]'' and ''[[Measure for Measure]]'', ''All's Well That Ends Well'' is considered as a [[problem play]], as it has a dark sensibility and tone. The play tells the story of a maid, Helena, who cures the King of France of a disease, then asks for Lord Bertram's hand in marriage.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/allswell/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

Helena, the orphan daughter of a famous physician, is the ward of the Countess of Rousillon, and hopelessly in love with her son, Count Bertram, who has been sent to the court of the King of France. Despite her beauty and worth, Helena has no hope of attracting Bertram, since she is of low birth and he is a nobleman. However, when word comes that the King is ill, she goes to Paris and, using her father's arts, cures the illness. In return, she is given the hand of any man in the realm; she chooses Bertram. Her new husband is appalled at the match, however, and shortly after their marriage flees France, accompanied only by a scoundrel named Parolles, to fight in the army of the Duke of Florence.

Helena is sent home to the Countess, and receives a letter from Bertram informing her that he will never be her true spouse unless she can get his family ring from his finger, and become pregnant with his child--neither of which, he declares, will ever come to pass. The Countess, who loves Helena and approves of the match, tries to comfort her, but the distraught young woman departs Rousillon, planning to make a religious pilgrimage.

Meanwhile, in Florence, Bertram has become a general in the Duke's army. Helena comes to the city, and discovers that her husband is trying to seduce the virginal daughter of a kindly Widow. With the connivance of the daughter, named Diana, she contrives to trick Bertram: he gives Diana his ring as a token of his love, and when he comes to her room at night, Helena is in the bed, and they make love without him realizing that it is her. At the same time, two lords in the army expose Parolles as a coward and a villain, and he falls out of Bertram's favor. Meanwhile, false messengers have come to the camp bearing word that Helena is dead, and with the war drawing to a close, Bertram decides to return to France. Unknown to him, Helena follows, accompanied by Diana and the Widow.

In Rousillon, everyone is mourning Helena as dead. The King is visiting, and consents to Bertram marrying the daughter of an old, faithful lord, named Lafew. However, he notices a ring on Bertram's finger that formerly belonged to Helena--it was a gift from the King after she saved his life. (Helena gave the ring to Diana in Florence, and she in turn gave it to her would-be lover.) Bertram is at a loss to explain where it came from, but just then Diana and her mother appear to explain matters--followed by Helena, who informs her husband that both his conditions have been fulfilled. Chastened, Bertram consents to be a good husband to her, and there is general rejoicing.

==List of Characters==

*'''Helena''' – The daughter of a very famous, recently deceased court physician, has the physical and mental attributes which could command the attention of virtually any eligible bachelor, but unfortunately, she does not have the correct social pedigree to entice the man whom she loves, Bertram. *'''Betram''' – He is under the influence of the patently superficial Parolles, and he lies outright on more than one occasion
*'''King of France''' – Once a valiant warrior and a staunch friend of Bertram's father
*'''Countess of Rousillon''' – Bertram's mother fully sympathizes with Helena in her state of lovelorn agony, and she goes so far as to say that she will disown her son as a result of his rejection of her adopted "daughter."
*'''Lafeu''' – An elderly friend of the Countess and her family
*'''Parolles''' – The tempter of Bertram as a "prodigal son
*'''Clown (Lavache)''' – An elderly friend of the Countess and her family
*'''A Widow of Florence''' – Helps Helena arrange and execute the old "bed trick"; here, Bertram is trapped into sleeping with his own wife in the belief that she is another woman
*'''Diana''' – The widow's daughter and Helena's ally in her pursuit of Bertram
*'''Mariana''' – A neighbor of the widow
*'''Two French Lords, the Brothers Dumain''' – The two noblemen who mastermind the plot to expose Parolles.

==Analysis==

Because of its dark tone and unsettling themes, All's Well is often called a problem play or a problem comedy. It also has the distinction of providing the least realistic happy ending in Shakespearean literature, which partially explains why the play isn't as popular as some of Shakespeare's other works.

The critical reception of All's Well has always been mixed, with both critics and audiences often sharing the displeasure with Helena's choice of Bertram. Its reputation has revived significantly in recent years, but it remains an unpopular and little-performed play.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/all-s-well-that-ends-well.html All's Well That Ends Well]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/alls-well-that-ends-well/summary-analysis/act-i/scene-1.html All's Well That Ends Well]. cliffsnotes.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on All's Well That Ends Well.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. n.d.. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/allswell/ All's Well That Ends Well]. online-literature.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.shmoop.com/alls-well-that-ends-well/ All's Well That Ends Well]. shmoop.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/all-s-well-that-ends-well.html All's Well That Ends Well Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Xtopherdelax — Mon, 18 Feb 2013 08:07:19 GMT

Summary: New page: [[Image:midsummernight.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''A Midsummer Night's Dream'''''.]] '''A Midsummer Night's Dream''' is a [[play]] by [[William Shakespeare]]. It is considered as one of ...

[[Image:midsummernight.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''A Midsummer Night's Dream'''''.]]

'''A Midsummer Night's Dream''' is a [[play]] by [[William Shakespeare]]. It is considered as one of Shakespeare's most popular [[comedy|comedies]], widely performed across the world. The play is estimated to have been written in 1595 or 1596, probably the same time as ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' and ''[[Richard II]]''.

Most Shakespeare scholars believe that the ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' was written for and performed at an aristocratic wedding, with [[Queen Elizabeth I]] in attendance. It portrays the events surrounding the marriage of Theseus, Duke of Athens, Theseus, and Hippolyta, the Queen of the Amazons, and the love narrative thread of four young Athenians who are controlled and manipulated by the fairies who inhabit the forest.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/msnd/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

Theseus, duke of Athens, is preparing for his marriage to Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons, with a four-day festival of pomp and entertainment. He commissions his Master of the Revels, Philostrate, to find suitable amusements for the occasion. Egeus, an Athenian nobleman, marches into Theseus’s court with his daughter, Hermia, and two young men, Demetrius and Lysander. Egeus wishes Hermia to marry Demetrius (who loves Hermia), but Hermia is in love with Lysander and refuses to comply. Egeus asks for the full penalty of law to fall on Hermia’s head if she flouts her father’s will. Theseus gives Hermia until his wedding to consider her options, warning her that disobeying her father’s wishes could result in her being sent to a convent or even executed. Nonetheless, Hermia and Lysander plan to escape Athens the following night and marry in the house of Lysander’s aunt, some seven leagues distant from the city. They make their intentions known to Hermia’s friend Helena, who was once engaged to Demetrius and still loves him even though he jilted her after meeting Hermia. Hoping to regain his love, Helena tells Demetrius of the elopement that Hermia and Lysander have planned. At the appointed time, Demetrius stalks into the woods after his intended bride and her lover; Helena follows behind him.

In these same woods are two very different groups of characters. The first is a band of fairies, including Oberon, the fairy king, and Titania, his queen, who has recently returned from India to bless the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. The second is a band of Athenian craftsmen rehearsing a play that they hope to perform for the duke and his bride. Oberon and Titania are at odds over a young Indian prince given to Titania by the prince’s mother; the boy is so beautiful that Oberon wishes to make him a knight, but Titania refuses. Seeking revenge, Oberon sends his merry servant, Puck, to acquire a magical flower, the juice of which can be spread over a sleeping person’s eyelids to make that person fall in love with the first thing he or she sees upon waking. Puck obtains the flower, and Oberon tells him of his plan to spread its juice on the sleeping Titania’s eyelids. Having seen Demetrius act cruelly toward Helena, he orders Puck to spread some of the juice on the eyelids of the young Athenian man. Puck encounters Lysander and Hermia; thinking that Lysander is the Athenian of whom Oberon spoke, Puck afflicts him with the love potion. Lysander happens to see Helena upon awaking and falls deeply in love with her, abandoning Hermia. As the night progresses and Puck attempts to undo his mistake, both Lysander and Demetrius end up in love with Helena, who believes that they are mocking her. Hermia becomes so jealous that she tries to challenge Helena to a fight. Demetrius and Lysander nearly do fight over Helena’s love, but Puck confuses them by mimicking their voices, leading them apart until they are lost separately in the forest.

When Titania wakes, the first creature she sees is Bottom, the most ridiculous of the Athenian craftsmen, whose head Puck has mockingly transformed into that of an ass. Titania passes a ludicrous interlude doting on the ass-headed weaver. Eventually, Oberon obtains the Indian boy, Puck spreads the love potion on Lysander’s eyelids, and by morning all is well. Theseus and Hippolyta discover the sleeping lovers in the forest and take them back to Athens to be married—Demetrius now loves Helena, and Lysander now loves Hermia. After the group wedding, the lovers watch Bottom and his fellow craftsmen perform their play, a fumbling, hilarious version of the story of Pyramus and Thisbe. When the play is completed, the lovers go to bed; the fairies briefly emerge to bless the sleeping couples with a protective charm and then disappear. Only Puck remains, to ask the audience for its forgiveness and approval and to urge it to remember the play as though it had all been a dream.

==List of Characters==

*'''Puck''' – Also known as Robin Goodfellow, Puck is Oberon’s jester, a mischievous fairy who delights in playing pranks on mortals
*'''Oberon''' – The king of the fairies, husband of Titania
*'''Titania''' – The beautiful queen of the fairies, wife of Oberon
*'''Lysander''' – A young man of Athens, in love with Hermia
*'''Demetrius''' – A young man of Athens, initially in love with Hermia and ultimately in love with Helena
*'''Hermia''' – Egeus’s daughter and is in love with Lysander and is a childhood friend of Helena
*'''Helena''' – A young woman of Athens, in love with Demetrius
*'''Egeus''' – Hermia’s father, who brings a complaint against his daughter to Theseus
*'''Theseus''' – The heroic duke of Athens, engaged to Hippolyta
*'''Hippolyta''' – The legendary queen of the Amazons, engaged to Theseus
*'''Nick Bottom''' – The overconfident weaver chosen to play Pyramus in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Peter Quince''' – A carpenter and the nominal leader of the craftsmen’s attempt to put on a play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Francis Flute''' – The bellows-mender chosen to play Thisbe in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Robin Starveling''' – The tailor chosen to play Thisbe’s mother in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Tom Snout''' – The tinker chosen to play Pyramus’s father in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Snug''' – The joiner chosen to play the lion in the craftsmen’s play for Theseus’s marriage celebration
*'''Philostrate''' – Theseus’s Master of the Revels, responsible for organizing the entertainment for the duke’s marriage celebration
*'''Peaseblossom, Cobweb, Mote, and Mustardseed''' – The fairies ordered by Titania to attend to Bottom after she falls in love with him

==Analysis==

''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' is primarily concerned with the concept of love. We have the affair of the elementals in the persona of Oberon and Titania; the humans with Lysander, Hermia, Helena and Demetrius; and the romance among the royalty with Theseus and Hippolyta. Shakespeare made use of different symbols of love—the moon that tend to make people mad about love, the world of the fairies, and the language used by the characters in the forest in contrast to those who remained in Athens.

As Lysander tells Hermia, the course of true love never did run true. Often swift, short, and brief, love is besieged by class differences, by age differences, by war, by death, and by sickness. Helena's love is plagued by a different demon: indifference.

==Literary Significance==

''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' is an example of a play within a play. Unlike the plots of many of Shakespeare’s plays, ''A Midsummer Night’s Dream'' is considered to be the original product of the playwright’s imagination with literary allusions to various [[Greek]] mythilogy such as the charactes of Theseus (a hero of the same name, and the play is peppered with references to Greek gods and goddesses), Titania (a character from Ovid’s ''Metamorphoses''), and Oberon (may have been taken from the medieval romance ''Huan of Bordeaux'').

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/a-midsummer-night-s-dream.html A Midsummer Night's Dream]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/a-midsummer-nights-dream/summary-analysis/act-i/scene-1.html A Midsummer Night's Dream]. cliffsnotes.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/midsummer/100/ Midsummer Night's Dream]. online-literature.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/a-midsummer-night-s-dream.html A Midsummer Night's Dream Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

Much Ado About Nothing

Xtopherdelax — Mon, 18 Feb 2013 03:03:08 GMT

Summary: /* External Links */

[[Image:muchado.jpg|thumb|right|300px| '''''Much Ado About Nothing'''''.]]

'''Much Ado About Nothing''' is a [[play]] by [[William Shakespeare]]. It is considered as one of Shakespeare's best [[comedy|comedies]], for it combines elements of hilarity and serious ruminations on honor, shame, and court politics.

It narrates the story of a young woman who is wrongly accused of being unchaste and later reconciled with her accusing lover. The subplot is about another couple – two witty, intelligent individuals who swear they will never fall in love.

==Summary==
''(Plot Overview as written and published by [http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/muchado/summary.html Sparknotes.com]):''

Leonato, a kindly, respectable nobleman, lives in the idyllic Italian town of Messina. Leonato shares his house with his lovely young daughter, Hero, his playful, clever niece, Beatrice, and his elderly brother, Antonio (who is Beatrice's father). As the play begins, Leonato prepares to welcome some friends home from a war. The friends include Don Pedro, a prince who is a close friend of Leonato, and two fellow soldiers: Claudio, a well-respected young nobleman, and Benedick, a clever man who constantly makes witty jokes, often at the expense of his friends. Don John, Don Pedro’s illegitimate brother, is part of the crowd as well. Don John is sullen and bitter, and makes trouble for the others.

When the soldiers arrive at Leonato’s home, Claudio quickly falls in love with Hero. Meanwhile, Benedick and Beatrice resume the war of witty insults that they have carried on with each other in the past. Claudio and Hero pledge their love to one another and decide to be married. To pass the time in the week before the wedding, the lovers and their friends decide to play a game. They want to get Beatrice and Benedick, who are clearly meant for each other, to stop arguing and fall in love. Their tricks prove successful, and Beatrice and Benedick soon fall secretly in love with each other.

But Don John has decided to disrupt everyone’s happiness. He has his companion Borachio make love to Margaret, Hero’s serving woman, at Hero’s window in the darkness of the night, and he brings Don Pedro and Claudio to watch. Believing that he has seen Hero being unfaithful to him, the enraged Claudio humiliates Hero by suddenly accusing her of lechery on the day of their wedding and abandoning her at the altar. Hero’s stricken family members decide to pretend that she died suddenly of shock and grief and to hide her away while they wait for the truth about her innocence to come to light. In the aftermath of the rejection, Benedick and Beatrice finally confess their love to one another. Fortunately, the night watchmen overhear Borachio bragging about his crime. Dogberry and Verges, the heads of the local police, ultimately arrest both Borachio and Conrad, another of Don John’s followers. Everyone learns that Hero is really innocent, and Claudio, who believes she is dead, grieves for her.

Leonato tells Claudio that, as punishment, he wants Claudio to tell everybody in the city how innocent Hero was. He also wants Claudio to marry Leonato’s “niece”—a girl who, he says, looks much like the dead Hero. Claudio goes to church with the others, preparing to marry the mysterious, masked woman he thinks is Hero’s cousin. When Hero reveals herself as the masked woman, Claudio is overwhelmed with joy. Benedick then asks Beatrice if she will marry him, and after some arguing they agree. The joyful lovers all have a merry dance before they celebrate their double wedding.

==List of Characters==

*'''Beatrice''' – Leonato’s niece and Hero’s cousin
*'''Benedick''' – An aristocratic soldier who has recently been fighting under Don Pedro, and a friend of Don Pedro and Claudio
*'''Claudio''' – A young soldier who has won great acclaim fighting under Don Pedro during the recent wars
*'''Hero''' – The beautiful young daughter of Leonato and the cousin of Beatrice.
*'''Don Pedro''' – An important nobleman from Aragon, sometimes referred to as “Prince.” He is also Hero's father and a friend of Leonato.
*'''Leonato''' – A respected, well-to-do, elderly noble at whose home, in Messina, Italy. He is the father of Hero and the uncle of Beatrice.
*'''Don John''' – The illegitimate brother of Don Pedro; sometimes called “the Bastard.”
*'''Margaret''' – Hero’s serving woman, who unwittingly helps Borachio and Don John deceive Claudio into thinking that Hero is unfaithful.
*'''Borachio''' – An associate of Don John and the lover of Margaret.
*'''Conrad''' – One of Don John’s more intimate associates, entirely devoted to Don John.
*'''Dogberry''' – The constable in charge of the Watch, or chief policeman, of Messina.
*'''Verges''' – The deputy to Dogberry, chief policeman of Messina.
*'''Antonio''' – Leonato’s elderly brother and Hero's uncle.
*'''Balthasar''' – A waiting man in Leonato’s household and a musician who flirts with Margater
*'''Ursula''' – One of Hero’s waiting women

==Analysis==

Ostensibly, the play's attitude toward courtship and romance combines cynicism with an awareness that the social realities surrounding courtship may detract from the fun of romance. Although this play is a comedy ending in multiple marriages and is full of witty dialogue making for many comic moments, it also addresses more serious events, including some that border on tragedy.

==Literary Significance==

''Much Ado About Nothing'' is a good introduction to Shakespeare's oeuvre. It embodies the tragic and comedic components of a complex Shakespearean work and provides them in an accessible way. Like most of Shakespeare's plays, it has been adapted several times in different media such as the [[television]], [[cinema]] and theatrical adaptations.

==References==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/much-ado-about-nothing.html Much Ado About Nothing]. Vibebookstore.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*[http://www.shmoop.com/much-ado-about-nothing/ Much Ado About Nothing]. shmoop.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)
*SparkNotes Editors. “SparkNote on Much Ado About Nothing.” SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2002. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
*[http://www.shakespeare-navigators.com/ado/ MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING NAVIGATOR]. shakespeare-navigators.com. (Accessed on 18 February 2013)

==External Links==

*[http://www.vibebookstore.com/much-ado-about-nothing.html Much Ado About Nothing Vibe e-book].

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:World Literature]]
[[Category:English Literature]]

</noinclude>

Top 10 Cheapest Motels in Metro Manila

Xtopherdelax — Wed, 13 Feb 2013 03:12:46 GMT

Summary:

It's [[Valentine's Day]] once again and you probably want to spend a titillating night with your loved one. Aside from the [[Top 10 Best Motels and Budget Hotels in the Philippines]], there are some motorists hotels or [[motels]] where you and your loved one can celebrate the occasion for a very affordable price.

Here are the Top 10 Cheapest Motels in [[Metro Manila]]:

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''10. Nice Hotel'''</div> – It may not be as ubiquitous as Sogo, Nice Hotel has branches in Manila, Quezon City and Mandaluyong. For only P675, you can enjoy a Suite Room for 6 hours.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''9. Prince Court Lodge'''</div> – Here you can enjoy a 10-hour ride, I mean sleep or whatever you want to do, for only P580. Prince Court Lodge is located in the Motel Capital of Manila, Sta. Mesa.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''8. Hotel Mokko'''</div> – If you are from Novaliches and want to do “it” in the neighborhood, try Hotel Mokko. Rate per room per night is P550.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''7. Jardin De Rosal'''</div> – Located at Bagong Ilog, [[Pasig City]], you can play Adam and Eve in the garden of roses for only P380. Except that you cannot really play here and won't find a garden of roses.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''6.Mahal Kita Lodge'''</div> – If you are looking for something native, this could be what you've been looking for. Mahal Kita Lodge is decorated with indigenous decors, and the bed is even made of bamboo. Prices start at approximately P350.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''5.Queensland Lodge'''</div> – For only P299, you can enjoy Valentine's Day along with other couples in the other rooms and from other motels in Sta. Mesa, and create an intensity .5 earthquake.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''4.King Arthur Palace'''</div> – It's the motel designed to look like a palace in [[Pasig City]]. For a price of P295 (Quicky Rate), the couple can play the roles of king and queen.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''3. Aliw Inn'''</div> – Located in [[Pasay City]], this “entertainment” motel is affordable at the price of P250 for 3 hours.

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''2. Town and Country''' </div> – It is one of the oldest motels in Sta. Mesa where you can stay for 3 hours for only P205.
[[Image: townandcountry.jpg|110px|right|thumb]]

<br>
<div style="font: 11pt Verdana; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; border-bottom:1px solid
#AAAAAA;"> '''1. Sogo Econo Rooms'''</div> – A two-hour stay in a Sogo Econo Room costs only 195. Just make sure you're ready to waste time waiting and see acquaintances or friends in the lobby.
[[Image: Sogo.jpg|110px|left|thumb]]

==References==
*[http://www.motorcyclephilippines.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-235057.html Affordable drive-in hotels in Metro Manila]. motorcyclephilippines.com. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://onehappypinay.blogspot.com/2012/04/king-arthur-palace-pasig-motel.html King Arthur Palace]. Blogspot.com. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://wikimapia.org/1001164/Queensland-Lodge Queensland Lodge]. Wikimapia. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://www.cosmo.ph/board/index.php?topic=304.820 Topic: inexpensive but nice hotels/motels]. Cosmo.ph. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://femme666.blogspot.com/2007/05/july-20-2004-mot-mot-suggestions.html Mot-mot Suggestions]. blogspot.com. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://www.juice.ph/establishment/jardin-de-rosal-hotel Jardin de Rosal Hotel]. Juice.ph. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).
*[http://www.travelbook.ph/directory/hotel-mokko Hotel Mokko]. Travelbook.ph. (Accessed on 13 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}

<noinclude>
[[Category:Top Ten Lists]]
</noinclude>

Top 25 Pick-up Lines

Xtopherdelax — Tue, 12 Feb 2013 07:58:44 GMT

Summary:

A '''Pick-up Line''' is a conversation opener to express a person's admiration, love or any romantic intent to another person. It has been popular nowadays especially among teenagers. Some use pick up lines just to humor their friends. Oftentimes, [[Tagalog]] pick up lines are sent through text messages or posted on user's [[Facebook]] and [[Twitter]] pages.

Here are the Top 25 Most Popular* and Cheesiest Tagalog pick up lines:

(*''Note: Popular does not mean they are effective. It's how you express it.'')

===1.===
BOY: Sana regla na lang ako.

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Para pwede kitang dalawin kahit monthly lang

===2.===
BOY: Manhole ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Ang bilis ko kasing nahulog sayo eh

===3.===
BOY: Horror Movie ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi pag nakikita kita bumibilis ang tibok ng puso ko

===4.===
BOY: Pwede bang iturn-off na lang yung ilaw?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Para tayo na lng ang mag-ON.

===5.===
BOY: Sana posporo ka at posporo din ako.

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Para MATCH tayo.

===6.===
BOY: Miss, troso ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi gusto kitang sibakin.

===7.===
BOY: Pinaglihi ka ba sa keyboard?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Type kasi kita eh.

===8.===
BOY: Kung bola ka at ako ang player, masu-shoot ba kita? Hindi!

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: kasi lagi kitang namimiss.

===9.===
BOY: Nakalunok ka ba ng kwitis?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi pag ngumingiti ka, may spark.

===10.===
BOY: Miss, steady ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Gusto kasi kitang galawin eh.

===11.===
BOY: Dalawang multo ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi GHOST-TWO kita.

===12.===
BOY: Alam mo ba may kamukha ka?

GIRL: Sino?

BOY: Kamukha mo yung future wife ko.

===13.===
BOY: Gusto ko ng MAGNUM?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Para ako ang MAGNUMber one sa puso mo.

===14.===
BOY: PEDICAB ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: PEDICABang maging girlfriend?

===15.===
BOY: Anong klaseng panulat ba ang gamit mo?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi di kita mabura sa isip ko.

===16.===
BOY: Sana hindi ka buwan.

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Para hindi mo ko iwan pagdating ng araw.

===17.===
BOY: Lumaki ka ata?

GIRL: Ha? Bakit?

BOY: Kasi dati hanggang balikat lang kita. Ngayon nasa isip na kita.

===18.===
BOY: Lumiit ka ata?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi noon hanggang uluhan kita, ngayon nasa puso na kita.

===19.===
BOY: Hindi ka ba napapagod?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kanina ka pa kasi tumatakbo sa isip ko.

===20.===
BOY: Alam mo mukhang inodoro.

GIRL: Bakit naman?

BOY: Sa tuwing nakikita kasi kita para akong taeng nahuhulog sa'yo.

===21.===
BOY: Unggoy ka ba?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi umakyat ka na nga sa isip ko, sumabit ka pa sa puso ko.

===22.===
BOY: Pinapasabi ni Eddie Mahal ka niya.

GIRL: Sinong Eddie?

BOY: Eddie ako.

===23.===
BOY: Girl unggoy ka ba?

GIRL: Kase lumalambitin ako sa puso mo?

BOY: Mali.

GIRL: Eh ano?

BOY: Baka kasi gusto mong tikman ang saging ko.

===24.===
BOY: Anong gusto mong view? front view, side view or back view?

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi, ako I Love You .

===25.===
BOY: Kung ako'y magtitinda, lahat ng paninda ko, ibebenta ko nang mura sa lahat ng tao lalo na sa babae. Pero maliban lang sa'yo.

GIRL: Bakit?

BOY: Kasi sa'yo lang ako magmamahal.

==References==
*[http://www.goodfilipino.com/2013/01/tagalog-pick-up-lines-2013.html Tagalog Pick-up Lines 2013]. goodfilipino.com. (Accessed on 12 February 2013).
*[http://messages.365greetings.com/tagalog/pinoy-pickup-lines/funny-tagalog-pick-up-lines.html Funny Tagalog Pick Up Lines]. 365greetings.com. (Accessed on 12 February 2013).
*[http://halohalonghalo.blogspot.com/2008/08/tagalog-pickup-lines.html Tagalog Pickup Lines]. Blogspot.com. (Accessed on 12 February 2013).
*[http://halohalonghalo.blogspot.com/2012/09/new-tagalog-pick-up-lines-2012.html New Tagalog Pick up lines 2012]. Blogspot.com. (Accessed on 12 February 2013).

{{Wikipilipinas Contents}}
[[Category:Philippine Pop Culture]]
[[Category:Philippine Pop Language]]