Wilson's Notes

Use OEM BIOS file in VMWare virtual machine

2012-02-16T16:40:00.000-08:00

Create a VM but do not start installation, assume the VM is named "Windows 7"
Quit VMWare Fusion

Edit the .vmx file in "/Users/${USER}/Documents/Virtual Machines.localized"vi /Users/${USER}/Documents/Virtual Machines.localized/Windows\ 7.vmwarevm/Windows\ 7.vmx

add line: bios440.filename = "MY_OEM.ROM"

> See also:

How to install your OEM certificate on Windows 7

2012-02-16T16:22:00.000-08:00

Click Start, click All Programs, click Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.
Click OK.
At a command prompt, type the following command, and then press ENTER:
slmgr.vbs -ilc oem-cert.xml

DICOM Value Representation (VR)

2012-02-15T16:01:00.001-08:00

VR	Definition	Details
AE	Application Entity A string of characters with leading and trailing spaces (20H) being non-significant. The value made of 16 spaces, meaning "no application name specified", shall not be used.	Character Repertoire Default Character Repertoire excluding control characters LF, FF, CR and ESC. Length 16 bytes maximum Data Type String
AS	Age String A string of characters with one of the following formats -- nnnD, nnnW, nnnM, nnnY; where nnn shall contain the number of days for D, weeks for W, months for M, or years for Y. Example - "018M" would represent an age of 18 months.	Character Repertoire "0"-"9", "D", "W", "M", "Y" of Default Character Repertoire Length 4 bytes fixed Data Type String
AT	Attribute Tag Ordered pair of 16-bit unsigned integers that is the value of a Data Element Tag. Example - A Data Element Tag of (0018,00FF) would be encoded as a series of 4 bytes in a Little-Endian Transfer Syntax as 18H,00H,FFH,00H and in a Big-Endian Transfer Syntax as 00H,18H,00H,FFH. Note - The encoding of an AT value is exactly the same as the encoding of a Data Element Tag as defined in Section 7.	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 4 bytes fixed Data Type uint32
CS	Code String A string of characters with leading or trailing spaces (20H) being non-significant.	Character Repertoire Uppercase characters, "0"-"9", the SPACE character, and underscore "_", of the Default Character Repertoire Length 16 byte maximum Data Type String
DA	Date A string of characters of the format yyyymmdd; where yyyy shall contain year, mm shall contain the month, and dd shall contain the day. This conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS Date common data type. Example - "19930822" would represent August 22, 1993. Note - 1. For reasons of backward compatibility with versions of this standard prior to V3.0, it is recommended that implementations also support a string of characters of the format yyyy.mm.dd for this VR. 2. See also DT VR in this table. Note - For reasons specified in the previous column, implementations may wish to support the "." character as well.	Character Repertoire "0"-"9" of Default Character Repertoire Length 8 bytes fixed Note - For reasons specified in the previous columns, implementations may also wish to support a 10 byte fixed length as well. Data Type String
DL	Delimitation
DS	Decimal String A string of characters representing either a fixed point number or a floating point number. A fixed point number shall contain only the characters 0-9 with an optional leading "+" or "-" and an optional "." to mark the decimal point. A floating point number shall be conveyed as defined in ANSI X3.9, with an "E" or "e" to indicate the start of the exponent. Decimal Strings may be padded with leading or trailing spaces. Embedded spaces are not allowed.	Character Repertoire "0" - "9", "+", "-", "E", "e", "." of Default Character Repertoire Length 16 bytes maximum Data Type String
DT	DATE TIME The Date Time common data type. Indicates a concatenated date-time ASCII string in the format: YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.FFFFFF&ZZZZ The components of this string, from left to right, are YYYY = Year, MM = Month, DD = Day, HH = Hour, MM = Minute, SS = Second, FFFFFF = Fractional Second, & = "+" or "-", and ZZZZ = Hours and Minutes of offset. &ZZZZ is an optional suffix for plus/minus offset from Coordinated Universal Time. A component that is omitted from the string is termed a null component. Trailing null components of Date Time are ignored. Non-trailing null components are prohibited, given that the optional suffix is not considered as a component. Note - For reasons of backward compatibility with versions of this standard prior to V3.0, many existing DICOM Data Elements use the separate DA and TM VRs. Standard and Private Data Elements defined in the future should use DT, when appropriate, to be more compliant with ANSI HISPP MSDS.	Character Repertoire "0" - "9", "+", "-", "." of Default Character Repertoire Length 26 bytes maximum Data Type String
FL	Floating Point Single Single precision binary floating point number represented in IEEE 754:1985 32-bit Floating Point Number Format.	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 4 bytes fixed Data Type float
FD	Floating Point Double Double precision binary floating point number represented in IEEE 754:1985 64-bit Floating Point Number Format.	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 8 bytes fixed Data Type double
IS	Integer String A string of characters representing an Integer in base-10 (decimal), shall contain only the characters 0 - 9, with an optional leading "+" or "-". It may be padded with leading and/or trailing spaces. Embedded spaces are not allowed. The integer, n, represented shall be in the range: -2³¹ <= n <= (2³¹ - 1).	Character Repertoire "0"-"9", "+", "-" of Default Character Repertoire Length 12 bytes maximum Data Type String
LO	Long String A character string that may be padded with leading and/or trailing spaces. The character code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) shall not be present, as it is used as the delimiter between values in multiple valued Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005).	Character Repertoire 64 chars Length 64 chars maximum Note - The length of the VRs for which the Character Repertoire can be extended or replaced are expressly specified in characters rather than bytes because the mapping from a character to the number of bytes used for that character's encoding may be dependent on the character set used. IDL Data Type STRING
LT	Long Text A character string that may contain one or more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic Character set and the Control Characters, CR, LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but leading spaces are considered to be significant. Data Elements with this VR shall not be multi-valued and therefore character code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) may be used. Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005).	Character Repertoire 10240 chars Length 10240 chars maximum Note - The length of the VRs for which the Character Repertoire can be extended or replaced are expressly specified in characters rather than bytes because the mapping from a character to the number of bytes used for that character's encoding may be dependent on the character set used. Data Type String
OB	Other Byte String A string of bytes where the encoding of the contents is specified by the negotiated Transfer Syntax. OB is a VR which is insensitive to Little/Big Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding). The string of bytes shall be padded with a single trailing NULL byte value (00H) when necessary to achieve even length.	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length See Transfer Syntax definition Data Type byte
OF	Other Float String A string of 32-bit IEEE 754:1985 floating point words. OF is a VR which requires byte swapping within each 32-bit word when changing between Little Endian and Big Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding).	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 2³²-4 maximum Data Type float
OW	Other Word String A string of 16-bit words where the encoding of the contents is specified by the negotiated Transfer Syntax. OW is a VR which requires byte swapping within each word when changing between Little Endian and Big Endian byte ordering (see Section 7.3 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding).	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length See Transfer Syntax definition Data Type int16
PN	Person Name A character string encoded using a 5 component convention. The character code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) shall not be present, as it is used as the delimiter between values in multiple valued data elements. The string may be padded with trailing spaces. The five components in their order of occurrence are: family name complex, given name complex, middle name, name prefix, name suffix. Any of the five components may be an empty string. The component delimiter shall be the caret "^" character (5EH). Delimiters are required for interior null components. Trailing null components and their delimiters may be omitted. Multiple entries are permitted in each component and are encoded as natural text strings, in the format preferred by the named person. This conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS Person Name common data type. This group of five components is referred to as a Person Name component group. For the purpose of writing names in ideographic characters and in phonetic characters, up to 3 groups of components (see Annex H examples 1 and 2) may be used. The delimiter for component groups shall be the equals character "=" (3DH). The three component groups of components in their order of occurrence are: a single-byte character representation, an ideographic representation, and a phonetic representation. Any component group may be absent, including the first component group. In this case, the person name may start with one or more "=" delimiters. Delimiters are required for interior null component groups. Trailing null component groups and their delimiters may be omitted. Precise semantics are defined for each component group. See section 6.2.1 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding. Examples: Rev. John Robert Quincy Adams, B.A. M.Div. "Adams^John Robert Quincy^^Rev.^B.A. M.Div." [One family name; three given names; no middle name; one prefix; two suffixes.] Susan Morrison-Jones, Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer "Morrison-Jones^Susan^^^Ph.D., Chief Executive Officer" [Two family names; one given name; no middle name; no prefix; two suffixes.] John Doe "Doe^John" [One family name; one given name; no middle name, prefix, or suffix. Delimiters have been omitted for the three trailing null components.] (for examples of the encoding of Person Names using multi-byte character sets see Annex H of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding) Note - 1. This five component convention is also used by HL7 as defined in ASTM E-1238-91 and further specialized by the ANSI MSDS. 2. In typical American and European usage the first occurrence of "given name" would represent the "first name". The second and subsequent occurrences of the "given name" would typically be treated as a middle name(s). The "middle name" component is retained for the purpose of backward compatibility with existing standards. 3. The "Degree" component present in ASTM E-1238-91 is absorbed into the "Suffix" component.	Character Repertoire Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005) excluding Control Characters LF, FF, and CR but allowing Control Character ESC. Length 64 chars maximum per component group Note - The length of VRs for which the Character Repertoire can be extended or replaced are expressly specified in characters rather than bytes because the mapping from a character to the number of bytes used for that character's encoding may be dependent on the character set used. Data Type String
SH	Short String A character string that may be padded with leading and/or trailing spaces. The character code 05CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) shall not be present, as it is used as the delimiter between values for multiple data elements. The string shall not have Control Characters except ESC. Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005).	Character Repertoire 16 chars Length 16 chars maximum Note - The length of VRs for which the Character Repertoire can be extended or replaced are expressly specified in characters rather than bytes because the mapping from a character to the number of bytes used for that character's encoding may be dependent on the character set used. Data Type String
SL	Signed Long Signed binary integer 32 bits long in 2's complement form. Represents an integer, n, in the range: - 2³¹ <= n <= (2³¹ - 1)	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 4 bytes fixed Data Type int32
SQ	Sequence of Items Value is a Sequence of zero or more Items, as defined in Section 7.5 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding).	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length Not applicable Data Type int32
SS	Signed Short Signed binary integer 16 bits long in 2's complement form. Represents an integer n in the range: -2¹⁵ <= n <= (2¹⁵ - 1)	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 2 bytes fixed IDL Data Type int16
ST	Short Text A character string that may contain one or more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic Character set and the Control Characters, CR, LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but leading spaces are considered to be significant. Data Elements with this VR shall not be multi-valued and therefore character code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) may be used. Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005).	Character Repertoire 1024 chars Length 1024 chars maximum Note - The length of Value Representations for which the Character Repertoire can be extended or replaced are expressly specified in characters rather than bytes because the mapping from a character to the number of bytes used for that character's encoding may be dependent on the character set used. Data Type String
TM	Time A string of characters of the format hhmmss.frac; where hh contains hours (range "00" - "23"), mm contains minutes (range "00" - "59"), ss contains seconds (range "00" - "59"), and frac contains a fractional part of a second as small as 1 millionth of a second (range "000000" - "999999"). A 24 hour clock is assumed. Midnight can be represented by only "0000" since "2400" would violate the hour range. The string may be padded with trailing spaces. Leading and embedded spaces are not allowed. One or more of the components mm, ss, or frac may be unspecified as long as every component to the right of an unspecified component is also unspecified. If frac is unspecified the preceding "." may not be included. Frac shall be held to six decimal places or less to ensure its format conforms to the ANSI HISPP MSDS Time common data type. Examples - 1. "070907.0705" represents a time of 7 hours, 9 minutes and 7.0705 seconds. 2. "1010" represents a time of 10 hours, and 10 minutes. 3. "021" is an invalid value. Note - 1. For reasons of backward compatibility with versions of this standard prior to V3.0, it is recommended that implementations also support a string of characters of the format hh:mm:ss.frac for this VR. 2. See also DT VR in this table.	Character Repertoire "0" - "9", "." of Default Character Repertoire Length 16 bytes maximum Data Type String
UI	Unique Identifier A character string containing a UID that is used to uniquely identify a wide variety of items. The UID is a series of numeric components separated by the period "." character. If a Value Field containing one or more UIDs is an odd number of bytes in length, the Value Field shall be padded with a single trailing NULL (00H) character to ensure that the Value Field is an even number of bytes in length. See Section 9 and Annex B of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding for a complete specification and examples.	Character Repertoire "0" - "9", "." of Default Character Repertoire Length 64 bytes maximum Data Type String
UL	Unsigned Long Unsigned binary integer 32 bits long. Represents an integer n in the range: 0 <= n < 2³²	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 4 bytes fixed Data Type uint32
UN	Unknown A string of bytes where the encoding of the contents is unknown (see Section 6.2.2 of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) - Part 5: Data Structures and Encoding).	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length Any length valid for any of the other DICOM VRs Data Type byte
US	Unsigned Short Unsigned binary integer 16 bits long. Represents integer n in the range: 0 <= n < 2¹⁶	Character Repertoire Not applicable Length 2 bytes fixed Data Type uint16
UT	Unlimited Text A character string that may contain one or more paragraphs. It may contain the Graphic Character set and the Control Characters, CR, LF, FF, and ESC. It may be padded with trailing spaces, which may be ignored, but leading spaces are considered to be significant. Data Elements with this VR shall not be multi-valued and therefore character code 5CH (the BACKSLASH "\" in ISO-IR 6) may be used. The text will be interpreted as specified by Specific Character Set (0008,0005).	Character Repertoire Default Character Repertoire and/or as defined by (0008,0005). Length 2 ³² -2 Note - Limited only by the size of the maximum unsigned integer representable in a 32 bit VL field minus one, since FFFFFFFFH is reserved. Data Type String

东北小伙模仿外国人说英语(日韩印度英法意美俄中)

2012-02-15T14:13:00.001-08:00

Java: substract a year on a given Date

2012-02-14T03:11:00.000-08:00

Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(givenDate);
calendar.add(Calendar.YEAR, -1);

Free online diagram drawing tools

2012-02-14T02:40:00.001-08:00

Turn off code formatting for certain lines in Eclipse 3.6+

2012-02-12T14:33:00.000-08:00

Often, we do not want eclipse to auto-format some lines. In Eclipse 3.6+ you can turn off code formatting:

Preferences -> Java -> Code Style -> Formatter
Create your own profile if you have not done it yet: New...
Edit your profile, in the Off/On Tags, Enable Off/On Tags

GWT developers plugin for Firefox 10

2012-02-12T14:10:00.001-08:00

https://dl.google.com/dl/gwt/plugins/firefox/1.0.10862/gwt-dev-plugin.xpi

Microseconds in Java

2012-02-12T03:26:00.001-08:00

SimpleDateFormat in java does not support microseconds. It supports down to milliseconds only.
In some cases, we want to parse Time from string, which includes microseconds, or format a Date/Time to a string (with microseconds).
Here are some sample java code to work around this problem.


public class DateTimeUtil {

   public static final String FORMAT_PATTERN = "yyyyMMddHHmmss.SSS000";

   public static Date parse(String ds) throws Throwable {

    String[] tokens = ds.split("\\.");
    if (tokens.length != 2) {
     throw new Exception("Invalid date string: " + ds);
    }
    int fractionalSecs = Integer.parseInt(tokens[1]) / 1000;
    return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss.SSS").parse(String.format("%s.%03d", tokens[0], fractionalSecs));
   }

   public static String format(Date date) {
  
    return new SimpleDateFormat(FORMAT_PATTERN).format(date);
   }

}

See also http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2132247/custom-date-format-cannot-be-parsed-java

Remote desktop to Windows 7 (or Windows 2008 server) which requires Network Level Authentication using freeRDP

2012-02-12T02:53:00.000-08:00

FreeRDP is a free, open source implementation of the RDP protocol, according to the Microsoft Open Specifications. It is released under the Apache License and is available on OS X, Cygwin for Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris.

As of January 2012, FreeRDP adds support for Network Level Authentication. You can then use FreeRDP to connect to Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 which requires NLA by default.

Note: freeRDP is commonly used on Linux. Since

Remote Desktop Connection for Mac OS X supports NLA.
Windows XP SP3 added NLA support and NLA can be enabled by updating some registry values. Linux is the platform that does not have native support for MS therefore, currently you have no other choice to use FreeRDP.

To install freeRDP on Ubuntu Linux:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freerdp-team/freerdp
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install freerdp

To use freerdp to connect to a remote Windows machine:

xfreerdp --plugin cliprdr -g 1024x768 -k no -u {username} -d {domain} {remote-windows-machine}

Enable network level authentication on Windows XP

2012-02-12T02:30:00.001-08:00

By default, remote desktop server (Terminal server) on Windows Vista or Windows 7 requires the client to have network level authentication enabled. However, Windows XP does not have network level authentication enabled by default.

You can allow non-NLA client to connect on the server side. I do not recommend to do that because it downgrades the security.

To enable network level authentication on Windows XP, first, you have to make sure you have upgraded to Windows XP Service Pack 3. The NLA is not enabled in Windows XP SP3 by default, you also need to do the following to enable it:

Click Start, click Run, type regedit, and then press Enter.
In the navigation pane, locate and then click the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa
In the details pane, right-click Security Packages, and then click Modify.
In the Value data box, type tspkg. Leave any data that is specific to other SSPs, and then click OK.
In the navigation pane, locate and then click the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders
In the details pane, right-click SecurityProviders, and then click Modify.
In the Value data box, type credssp.dll. Leave any data that is specific to other SSPs, and then click OK.
Exit regedit and restart the computer

1984年，年轻的胡锦涛

2012-01-08T15:36:00.000-08:00

1959年国庆林彪阅兵视频

2012-01-08T15:31:00.000-08:00

草泥马怒了

2011-12-03T18:20:00.001-08:00

Java: unsigned numbers

2011-10-30T00:28:00.000-07:00

An int is always a signed, 32-bit number in Java. However, this only matters if you are doing math with it. If all you care about is the pattern of 0 and 1 bits, simply ignore the sign.

If you do need to do some math, convert it to a long by masking:

long l = j & 0xFFFFFFFFL;

Do all arithmetic with long operands, modulo 0xFFFFFFFFL. When you are done, cast the result back to an int and transmit it.

draw dashed line on HTML 5 canvas

2011-08-14T21:08:00.001-07:00

http://168.site90.net/doku.php?id=draw-dashed-lines-on-html-5-canvas

a complte javascript XML library

2011-07-03T21:14:00.000-07:00

xml = {
 // ELEMENT_NODE : 1,
 // ATTRIBUTE_NODE : 2,
 // TEXT_NODE : 3,
 // CDATA_SECTION_NODE : 4,
 // PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE : 7,
 // COMMENT_NODE : 8,
 // DOCUMENT_NODE : 9,
 // DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE : 10,
 // DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE : 11,
 /**
  * Parse the specified XML text into a XML document object.
  * 
  * @param {String}
  *            xmlText
  * @return {XMLDocument}
  */
 parse : function(xmlText) {
  if (typeof DOMParser !== 'undefined') {
   // W3C(Mozilla Firefox, Safari) or IE 9 (standard mode)
   return (new DOMParser()).parseFromString(xmlText, 'text/xml');
  } else if (typeof ActiveXObject !== 'undefined') {
   // IE6 ~ IE8
   var doc = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLDOM');
   doc.async = 'false';
   doc.loadXML(xmlText);
   return doc;
  } else {
   // Safari
   var url = 'data:text/xml;charset=utf-8,'
     + encodeURIComponent(xmlText);
   var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
   request.open('GET', url, false);
   request.send(null);
   doc = request.responseXML;
   return doc;
  }
 },
 /**
  * Serialize the XML Object into string/text.
  * 
  * @param {XMLNode}
  *            xmlObject
  * @return {String}
  */
 serialize : function(xmlObject) {
  if (xmlObject.xml) {
   // IE6 ~ IE8
   return xmlObject.xml;
  } else {
   // W3C(Mozilla Firefox, Safari) or IE 9 (standard mode)
   return (new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(xmlObject);
  }
 },
 /**
  * Create a XML document object.
  * 
  * @param {String}
  *            rootTagName
  * @param {String}
  *            namespaceURL
  * @return {XMLDocument}
  */
 create : function(rootTagName, namespaceURL) {
  rootTagName = rootTagName || '';
  namespaceURL = namespaceURL || '';
  if (document.implementation && document.implementation.createDocument) {
   // W3C
   return document.implementation.createDocument(namespaceURL,
     rootTagName, null);
  } else {
   // IE6 ~ IE8
   var doc = new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.DOMDocument');
   if (rootTagName) {
    var prefix = '';
    var tagName = rootTagName;
    var p = rootTagName.indexOf(':');
    if (p != -1) {
     prefix = rootTagName.substring(0, p);
     tagName = rootTagName.substring(p + 1);
    }
    if (namespaceURL) {
     if (!prefix) {
      prefix = 'a0'; // What Firefox uses
     }
    } else {
     prefix = '';
    }
    var text = '<'
      + (prefix ? (prefix + ':') : '')
      + tagName
      + (namespaceURL ? (' xmlns:' + prefix + '="'
        + namespaceURL + '"') : '') + '/>';
    doc.loadXML(text);
   }
   return doc;
  }
 },
 /**
  * Load XML document from the sepcified url synchronously.
  * 
  * @param {String}
  *            url
  * @return {XMLDocument}
  */
 loadSync : function(url) {
  var doc = (document.implementation && document.implementation.createDocument)
    ? document.implementation.createDocument(null, null, null)
    : new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.DOMDocument');
  if (doc) {
   doc.async = false;
   try {
    doc.load(url);
   } catch (e) {
    doc = null;
   }
   if (doc) {
    return doc;
   }
  } else {
   // Method 2: use XMLHttpRequest
   if (window.XMLHttpRequest && !window.ActiveXObject) {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.open('GET', url, false);
    xhr.send(null);
    return xhr.responseXML;
   } else {
    doc = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLDOM');
    doc.async = false;
    doc.load(url);
    return doc;
   }
  }
 },
 /**
  * Load xml document from the sepcified url asynchronously.
  * 
  * @param {String}
  *            url
  * @param {Function}
  *            callback
  */
 loadAsync : function(url, callback) {
  var doc = (document.implementation && document.implementation.createDocument)
    ? document.implementation.createDocument(null, null, null)
    : new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.DOMDocument');
  if (doc) {
   doc.async = true;
   if (document.implementation
     && document.implementation.createDocument) {
    // W3C
    doc.onload = function() {
     callback(doc);
    };
   } else {
    // IE
    doc.onreadystatechange = function() {
     if (doc.readyState == 4) {
      callback(doc);
     } else {
      throw new Error('Failed loading XML doc. readyState='
        + doc.readyState);
     }
    };
   }
   doc.load(url);
  } else {
   // Method 2: use XMLHttpRequest
   if (window.XMLHttpRequest && !window.ActiveXObject) {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
     if (xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
      callback(xhr.responseXML);
     } else {
      throw new Error('XMLHttpRequest failed with readystate: '
        + xhr.readyState);
     }
    }
   } else {
    doc = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLDOM');
    if (callback) {
     doc.async = true;
     doc.onreadystatechange = function() {
      if (doc.readyState == 4) {
       callback(doc);
      } else {
       throw new Error('Failed loading XML doc. readyState='
         + doc.readyState);
      }
     }
     doc.load(url);
    }
   }
  }
 },
 /**
  * Select single node from the specified XML object(node) by evaluate the
  * specified xpath expression.
  * 
  * @param {XMLNode}
  *            xmlObject
  * @param {String}
  *            xpath
  * @return {XMLNode}
  */
 selectSingleNode : function(xmlObject, xpath) {
  var node = null;
  if (window.ActiveXObject
    && typeof xmlObject.selectSingleNode !== 'undefined') {
   // IE: MSXML object
   node = xmlObject.selectSingleNode(xpath);
  } else if (window.XPathEvaluator
    && document.implementation.hasFeature('XPath', '3.0')) {
   // W3C Browsers
   // FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE returns the first match to the xpath.
   var result = (new XPathEvaluator()).evaluate(xpath, xmlObject,
     null, XPathResult.FIRST_ORDERED_NODE_TYPE, null);
   if (typeof result != 'undefined' && result != null) {
    node = result.singleNodeValue;
   }
  }
  return node;
 },
 /**
  * Select single value from the specified XML object(node) by evaluate the
  * specified xpath expression.
  * 
  * @param {XMLNode}
  *            xmlObject
  * @param {String}
  *            xpath
  * @return {String}
  */
 selectSingleValue : function(xmlObject, xpath) {
  var value;
  var node = xml.selectSingleNode(xmlObject, xpath);
  if (node) {
   if (node.nodeType === 2) {
    // ATTRIBUTE_NODE : 2
    value = node.nodeValue;
   } else if (node.nodeType === 1) {
    // ELEMENT_NODE : 1
    node.normalize();
    for (var j = 0; j < node.childNodes.length; j++) {
     var childNode = node.childNodes[j];
     if (childNode.nodeType === 3) {
      // TEXT_NODE : 3
      value = childNode.nodeValue;
      break;
     }
    }
   }
  }
  return value;
 },
 /**
  * Select a set of XML nodes from the specified xmlObject by evaluate the
  * specified xpath expression.
  * 
  * @param {XMLNode}
  *            xmlObject
  * @param {String}
  *            xpath
  * @return {[XMLNode]}
  */
 selectNodes : function(xmlObject, xpath) {
  var nodes = [];
  if (window.ActiveXObject
    && typeof xmlObject.selectNodes !== 'undefined') {
   nodes = xmlObject.selectNodes(xpath);
  } else if (window.XPathEvaluator
    && document.implementation.hasFeature('XPath', '3.0')) {
   var nsResolver = function(prefix) {
    return prefix;
   }
   var result = (new XPathEvaluator()).evaluate(xpath, xmlObject,
     nsResolver, XPathResult.ORDERED_NODE_ITERATOR_TYPE, null);
   var nodes = [];
   if (typeof result != 'undefined' && result != null) {
    var node;
    while (node = result.iterateNext()) {
     nodes.push(node);
    }
   }
  }
  return nodes;
 },
 /**
  * Select a set of XML node values from the specified xmlObject by evaluate
  * the specified xpath expression.
  * 
  * @param {XMLNode}
  *            xmlObject
  * @param {String}
  *            xpath
  * @return {[String]} value set
  */
 selectValues : function(xmlObject, xpath) {
  var values = [];
  var nodes = xml.selectNodes(xmlObject, xpath);
  if (typeof nodes !== 'undefined' && nodes != null) {
   for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
    var node = nodes[i];
    switch (node.nodeType) {
     case 2 :
      // ATTRIBUTE_NODE : 2
      values.push(node.nodeValue);
      break;
     case 1 :
      // ELEMENT_NODE : 1
      node.normalize();
      var text;
      for (var j = 0; j < node.childNodes.length; j++) {
       var childNode = node.childNodes[j];
       if (childNode.nodeType === 3) {
        // TEXT_NODE : 3
        text = childNode.nodeValue;
        break;
       }
      }
      if (typeof text !== 'undefined' && text != null) {
       values.push(text);
      }
      break;
    }
   }
  }
  return values;
 }
};