The exact form the ceremony takes varies greatly by tradition. Usually, the initiate is presented to the group and they make certain commitments to the group who, in turn, make certain commitments to them. Ceremonial actions are performed to seal the promises and/or to prove the initiate's commitment or worthiness and a meal is often shared.

by morningbird

The Egg is Life

Some traditions identify the egg as the source of all life, marking the beginning of creation with the creation or hatching of a cosmic or divine egg¹ and while few of these traditions dominated the cultures they arose from, they can be found throughout the world. The ancient Greek Orphic egg hatched Protogonus or Phanes who created all of the other Gods. Chinese mythology presents a similar story in that of Pangu, who split his egg in half, the upper part to create the sky and the lower the Earth. The Hindu text Brahmanda Purana describes the cosmos in the context of an egg. In ancient Egypt, some traditions describe the universe and/or Ra as born of a goose egg. Finnish mythology describes the egg of a duck (or eagle laid in the lap of Ilmatar (or Väinämöinen) that is used to create the world, the Kalevala describes this.

Eldred Thorsson described the cosmic egg as the fertile void from which all things spawned and the home of the primeval beings Ymir and Auðumbla and compares it to the rune Hagalaz, “hail” which symbolizes disruption and chaos, as well as potential.

Using the Egg for Magick

The egg appears in spellwork in many modern traditions and would have been a common ingredient in ancient folk traditions as well- even you don’t keep birds, you can often find an egg if you know where to look and your timing is right and folk magic is all about using what you have on hand. The most notable modern techniques are found in Hoodoo and other synergistic traditions of the Americas, but they are found across traditions.

Eggs for Manifestation

The egg is a symbolic womb that can be fertilized by your intentions. Once appropriately charged, the egg can then be broken to release the intention into the universe, buried to draw energy toward a location or to charge plants grown in the ground with the intention, or eaten to internalize the intention. The spell to grow your intention into manifestation can take some time and involve symbolic gestation the egg

Egg Divination

Various methods of divination from the casual to the more intentional exist throughout cultures. A double yolked egg found by chance may be considered an omen or either good or bad fortune depending on the specific culture, denoting a marriage or birth or a death. A girl wishing to determine who will be her future husband may place an egg on a fire and observe who moves or removes it, or boil an egg, remove the yolk and replace it with salt, eat the salty white and observe her dreams to glean this information.

Currently, the most common form of egg divination I see involves cracking an egg into a glass or bowl of water and observing the shapes it forms either immediately or over a period of time. Traditions vary widely on the specifics of the method. The egg may be passed over the body of a person or left in the vicinity of the person before cracking. It may be read immediately or it may be left resting nearby in the water for a specified period of time after cracking before reading.
(See oomancy)

Egg Cleansing, Healing and Hex Breaking

There are many traditions of using eggs to heal a lingering illness, to remove the evil eye, to drive out troublesome spirits and energies and to break hexes. Various techniques involve using the egg to draw the disease or unwanted energies out of a body or space and into the egg itself. The egg is then disposed of by burying it or breaking it at a crossroads, at the base of an old tree, into moving water or flushing it down the toilet. Many techniques used in modern folk magick are variations on the limpia techniques practiced curanderos and brujas which may have come to us from the Aztecs.

Spells to remove disease, hexes or the evil eye from the body may involve rubbing or rolling the egg over the body (See egg rolling), starting at the head and working your way down. Or it may involve placing the egg under the bed of the affected person while they sleep, occasionally in a container of water. Breathing or blowing onto the egg to transfer the bad luck into it is also reported. Any combination of these techniques may be utilized as well.

For removing negative energy from a location, the egg may be placed in the center of the room, sometimes whole or cracked into a bowl of water, or four eggs may be placed in the four corners of the room.

After treatment, the egg may be broken and its contents examined to determine the success of the treatment. Imperfections in the yolk and white of the egg may indicate that some but not all of the negative energy or disease were drawn out into the egg and the treatment may be repeated as many times as necessary until the egg reads clear. (See oomancy)

Egg Banishing Spells

Banishing spells can be found using eggs, particularly within the various branches of conjure. While specifics vary, these often involve breaking an egg in the vicinity of the person’s home- on the person’s front door or porch or throwing it onto or over their roof to break it- in order to get them to move away. Some modern alternatives include breaking the egg in the driveway, in a crossroad near their home or onto a picture of the person. Some spells require the egg itself to be rotten or laid by a black hen and/or to be treated in some way- dressed with

Egg Protection Spells

The shell of the egg is a hard protective coating that shields a developing life against the dangers of the outside world. This shell is also used in magick to shield people, objects and places against various dangers, particularly those presented by the spirit world.
An eggshell may be hollowed out and a taglock and other items placed inside to symbolically protect the person(s) identified by the taglock. The shell may be colored or decorated to represent this intention, or it may be left plain.

Eggshells pulverized into a fine powder can be used as a general protection powder, sprinkled on people, objects and across doorways to prevent spirits and people with malicious intent from affecting them or entering the space. (See cascarilla powder).

Colored Eggs

Colored eggs are a popular decoration for Ostara and Easter every spring. These hearken back to agrarian and even hunter-gathering systems that recognize the egg as a valuable source of nutrition that suddenly becomes plentiful in the spring when the breeding season of many bird species begins. Many birds, most wild birds and even some domestic species, like geese, only lay eggs for a brief period in the spring and even our reliable chickens and laying ducks often take a winter break (though modern techniques including providing artificial lighting can prevent this), so the re-appearance of eggs in the springtime is a significant event worth celebrating. Why not decorate them and share them with friends? And why not view them as potent symbols of luck, fertility and abundance while we're at it?

Colored eggs feature in springtime celebrations of many cultures. Painted eggs make an appearance in the Persian New Year's celebration Nowruz, celebrated on the March Equinox. Novruz has its roots in Zoroastrian tradition, though it has become more of a general cultural observance in many areas. In some areas, the celebration has merged with the Christian Easter and the Easter egg custom may have derived from the Persian custom, probably beginning with the Greek Orthodox church and spreading from there.

Pysanka is a highly detailed and ritualized egg-coloring method using a beeswax resist method to create traditional folk designs on eggs practiced in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Though it is popularly associated with Easter Eggs, pysanka is a pre-Christian art form that may have been related to the worship of Ukranian Sun God Dazhboh. Pysanky are exchanged and kept and general luck talismans to protect the household from all manner of catastrophe. They could be decorated in spiral designs to trap demons or in spiritual motifs and blessed by a priest to locate and cast out demons. A broken, or unwanted pysanka must be ground up very fine and tossed into running water or fed to the chickens, as this would make them good layers. Such a pysanka in the wrong hands could be used to curse the family. Pysanka are traditionally made by the women of the family, in secret, ideally of the first fertilized eggs laid by young hens.

Krashanky are eggs boiled and dyed a single color, traditionally a reddish color from red onion skins, that are then ritually blessed by a priest and eaten to internalize the blessing. Though these are perhaps the most well-known folk methods of coloring eggs, many other methods are practiced throughout this region.

In modern magical and spiritual practice, colored eggs may be blessed or charged and eaten to internalize the magic. They may also be placed in a location or buried beneath it to draw their blessings toward the place. The eggs may be decorated and dyed in symbols and colors representing the intention of the spell. Assuming the dyes and other decorations applied to the eggs are non-toxic and biodegradable, colored eggs make suitable offerings to many nature and land spirits.

Various Egg Superstitions

In Charles Godfrey Leland’s Gypsy Sorcery and Story Telling, he devotes a whole chapter to egg lore. He describes the oft-mentioned tradition that eggshells should be completely crushed or burned after consuming an egg to prevent a witch from using eggshells to do the eater harm as common throughout the Eastern European region and explains the practice with Romany folktales that indicate that witches can use eggshells to create wonderful boats or ships to travel wherever they wish. Another story indicates that witches use eggshells as pots to brew magical potions in. There seems to also be a general belief that these eggshells can be used as a taglock, like nail clippings, as well.

Leland also describes the general use of eggs as protective household wards, being hung in the home to protect it from harm. Eggs laid on Maundy Thursday in particular protect against lightning strikes, and another hearsay source has informed me that eggs laid on Good Friday will douse a fire, though (according to Leland) in the Netherlands, eating those eggs on Easter will protect against disease. He also describes a tradition of building an egg into the walls of the house for general protection. On the other hand, he indicates a belief among sailors that having eggs on board is unlucky.

+ More information online

Egg Magic and Folklore
Eggs at Warming the Hearth

by morningbird

Although Conway's work was often criticized for its lack of historical accuracy and her tendency to claim unverifiable facts and lore, it was immensely popular due to her skill as a writer and her accessible style. Her works introduced many new magic users to the more practical side of magic with clear language, detailed techniques and inspiring rituals though it also left many confused about history and established traditions. She was voted best New Age and Wiccan Author by Silver Chalice magazine in 1998 and her first book, Celtic Magic sold more than 300,000 copies and is still in print nearly 30 years later. D.J. Conway is a significant voice in the magical community and her effect will be felt for years to come.

In Memorium

• From Llewllyn's Website https://www.llewellyn.com/blog/2019/02/author-dj-conway-has-passed/

From the Wild Hunt

• From Patheos https://www.patheos.com/blogs/panmankey/2019/02/in-memory-of-dj-conway
• From Pagan Business Network http://paganbusinessnetwork.com/2019/02/07/d-j-conway-passes-through-the-veil/

Published Works

Dragon Magick (Llewellyn) (to be published in August 2019)
Celtic Magic (Llewellyn's World Magic Series) (1990)

Norse Magick (World Magic Series) (1990) (Llewellyn)
Dancing with Dragons: Invoke Their Ageless Wisdom and Power (1994) (Llewellyn)
The Ancient and Shining Ones (1995) (Llewellyn's World Magic Series)
Maiden, Mother, Crone: The Myth & Reality of the Triple Goddess (1995) (Llewellyn)
Animal Magick: The Art of Recognizing and Working with Familiars (1995) (Llewellyn)
Astral Love: Romance, Ecstasy & Higher Consciousness (1995) (Llewellyn's Tantra & Sexual Arts Series)
Falcon Feather, Valkyrie Sword (1996) (Llewellyn's Women's Spirituality Series)
Magickal, Mythical, Mystical Beasts: How to Invite Them Into Your Life (1996) (Llewellyn)
Lord of Light and Shadow: The Many Faces of the God (1997) (Llewellyn's World Religion and Magic Series)
Magick of the Gods and Goddesses: How to Invoke Their Powers (1997) (Llewellyn)
The Mysterious, Magickal Cat: The Magick of Claw & Whisker (1998) (Llewellyn)
Perfect Love: Finding Intimacy on the Astral Plane (Llewellyn) (1998)
Laying On Of Stones with Brian Ed Conway (1999) (Crossing Press)
Crystal Enchantments: A Complete Guide to Stones with Brian Ed Conway (1999) (Crossing Press)
Feminine Shamanism, Witchcraft and Magick: Invoking Woman's Power with Kimberly Nightingale (2000) (Llewellyn)
[https://amzn.to/2MVkgkk Advanced Celtic Shamanism (2000) (Crossing Press)
A Little Book of Candle Magic (2000) (Crossing Press)
The Little Book of Pendulum Magic (2000) (Crossing Press]
The Celtic Book of Names: Traditional Names From Ireland, Scotland and Wales (2000) (Citadel)
A Little Book of Altar Magic (2001) (Crossing Press)
A Little Book of Healing Magic (2002) (Crossing Press)
Flying Without a Broom: Astral Projection & the Astral World (2002) (Llewellyn)
By Oak, Ash & Thorn: Modern Celtic Shamanism (2002) (Llewellyn's Celtic Wisdom Series)
Moon Magick: Myth & Magic, Crafts & Recipes, Rituals & Spells (Llewellyn's Practical Magick Series) (2002) (Llewellyn)
The Dream Warrior Trilogy (Fiction) (1997- 2002)
Wicca: The Complete Craft (2001)
Magickal Mermaids and Water Creatures: Invoke the Magick of the Waters (2004) (New Page Books)
Elemental Magick: Meditations, Exercises, Spells And Rituals to Help You Connect With Nature (2005) (New Page Books)
The Ancient Art of Faery Magick (2005) (Crossing Press)
Mystical Dragon Magic: Teachings of the Five Inner Rings (2007) (Llewellyn)
Guides, Guardians and Angels: Enhance Relationships with Your Spiritual Companions (2009) (Llewellyn)
Standing on the Edge: A Wiccan Couple's Experiences with Cancer, Near-Death Experiences, and the Otherworld (Autobiographical) With Charles Conway and others (2012)
The Broken Spell (Fiction) (2013)

Tarot Decks

Celtic Dragon Tarot - with Lisa Hunt: (Llewellyn) (1999)
Shapeshifter Tarot - with Sirona Knight (Llewellyn) (2002)
The Fantastical Creatures Tarot with Lisa Hunt (2007) (U.S. Games Systems)

by morningbird

In lore, Faunus was a King of Latium, Latinus, the father of Lavinia who married Aeneaus. who was descended from Saturn and raised to Godhood after his death because of his great accomplishments in agriculture and cattle breeding in life. He is seen as a man with goat-like attributes (though these seem to have appeared mostly after his identification with Pan), often accompanied by fauns, forest place spirits (see genius) with similar appearance, and a Fauna, his female consort, often associated with Bona Dea. He occasionally impregnates various domestic farm animals to the benefit of their keepers. Strange noises coming from the forest are attributed to him.

Epithets and alternative names for Faunus include Fatuus, Fatulcus or Inuus (to penetrate, go in)- perhaps originally a distinct God of intercourse. And Lupercus "He who wards off the wolf".

Faunus is honored at Faunalia on December 5th and is associated with Lupercalia on February 15th.

by morningbird

It is probable that more material or practical activities like clearing fields for agriculture also took place during this time.

It is believed that this particular Februa ritual predated Rome considerably and may have been adopted from the Sabine culture. The word Februa means "to purge" or "to purify" and may be related to the word "fever" or febris, which is associated with purification by sweating.

by morningbird

I have seen the terms "sprinkler" or "sprinkler stick" used to describe this item in various grimoires.

Such herbs may include (but are not limited to) rue, vervain, mint, valerian, lavender, sage, rosemary, fennel, basil, hyssop, marjoram, hazel.

These may be used individually or bundled (with a thread spun by a maiden, according to the Key of Solomon¹)

See also asperge

Sources and additional information

• http://docsolomons.com/wp/product/fresh-aspergillum-herbs/

*

by morningbird

The mint family (Lamiaceae) of plants is widespread throughout the world and includes many important culinary, medicinal and magical plants including monarda (often called bergamot mint or horsemint), oregano, thyme, lavender and many others. Mints are generally characterized by their square stems, opposite leaves and unique labiate flowers- they look like they have two lips, usually arranged in whirls or clusters. Most members of the mint family are highly aromatic.

The mints discussed in this article are those generally referenced just as "mint", that is, peppermint and spearmint which share the genus Mentha. They feature the ability to reproduce via stolons (stems that can produce roots where they touch the ground), and flowers that are composed of four united petals resembling lips.

Varieties of Mint

Peppermint Mentha balsamea Wild is a naturally-occurring cross between spearmint and watermint. Peppermint is usually the mint reference in magical context and for topical healing. Peppermint can be found throughout the world in moist, shady places. Peppermint is a low-growing but upright plant. Leaves are ovular and pointed with serrated edges, dark green with reddish veins and a bit of fuzz. The flowers appear in clusters and are pale purple.
Spearmint Mentha spicate Native to Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula but naturalized through much of the world. Its name comes from the elongated shape of its leaves, like a spear. Spearmint is the mint most often used in confectionary and flavoring. It has very little menthol and its flavor is sweeter and not as strong as peppermint, it adds flavor without making your mouth tingle unpleasantly.
Watermint Mentha aquatica Native to Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia and naturalized throughout much of the world. Watermint is tallish and unbranched with opposite, ovate and pointed, serrated leaves, dark green to reddish. The plant is unbranched and topped with pinkish-to purple balls of flowers. It usually grows along river banks and other bodies of water, sometimes right in the water, rising above the surface.

History and Folklore

Minthe was a nymph lover of Hades who was jealous when he chose Persephone for his Queen instead of her and made some trouble so that either Persephone or Demeter turned her into a plant. Alternatively, they trampled her into dust and Hades made the plant grow from the dust. Either way, mint was used in Greek funerary rites to mask the smell of the body and so was associated with the kingdom of Hades.

Growing Mint

Mints are hardy plants known for spreading out rapidly given proper growing conditions so are considered rather invasive in the garden. They do wonderfully planted in pots and make very nice houseplants.

Mints can be grown from seed though germination is slow and spotty and peppermint is not likely to breed true from seed, which is usually sterile anyway. However, all mints grow quite well from cuttings; their rhizomatous stems are eager to take root wherever they find purchase. Mints like to be kept moist but not waterlogged and enjoy a bit of shade.

Harvesting and Storing Mint

Harvest mint just before the plant flowers by cutting the whole stem to about 1/4 of the growth. Sheer it right down to the last few sets of leaves, it will come back. Dry in a well-ventilated area away from light until the leaves are crisp, then strip them from the stems and store them in a cool, dark, dry place. Leaves can also be frozen for later use.

Cooking with Mint

Mint is a popular flavoring for sweets, chocolates, ice cream and chewing gum. It is also used to flavor fruit dishes, including preserves, and is a refreshing addition to beverages, including alcoholic beverages.

Healing with Mint

Some find mint tea useful for upset stomach and indigestion while others find it causes heartburn, increasing their discomfort. However, the scent of mint can be soothing when you're nauseated, even if ingesting it is unhelpful.

Mint tea is also used for lower abdominal issues, particularly for temporarily relief of symptoms related to irritable bowel syndrome.

The scent of mint is also helpful for headaches, especially where nausea is also present. It is also good for relieving nasal congestion and opening up airways.

Peppermint contains active compounds (sp. menthol) that create a warming-cooling sensation on the skin. This can be added to salves and massage oils for soothing aching muscles and joints and arthritic conditions and for chest rubs to sooth coughs and congestion. A peppermint foot bath is soothing for aching feet and it has inti-fungal properties, not to mention it makes them smell better. (See precautions below.)

Mint (usually spearmint) is a popular flavor and fragrance additive to oral care preparations including tooth pastes and powders and mouth washes to sweeten the breath. In addition to its breath-freshening fragrance mint has some anti-bacterial properties that may inhibit bacteria that cause bad breath.

Using Mint for Magick

Mint corresponds to the element Air and the planet Venus. It is a strengthening herb that aids us in psychic and verbal communication and adds strength to our words. Because mint is so often used in sweets iconic to the midwinter season, it can be used in any Winter Solstice celebration as a food additive or fragrances.

Mint was used in ancient Greek funerary rites to mask the scent of decaying bodies and was tied to Hades in myth. Thus, it is an appropriate herb to use in ritual related to the dead and the underworld.

The Key of Solomon the King¹ recommends combining mint with vervain, fennel, lavender, sage, valerian, garden-basil, rosemary, and hyssop tied in a bundle for use as an aspergillum to sprinkle holy water while the Grimorium Verum² suggests using mint, marjoram and rosemary bundled for the same purpose.

The book, The Magus by Francis Barrett (1801) recommends a perfume of calamint, peony, mint, and palma Christi to drive away "evil spirits and vain imaginations"³.

Drunk as a tea, mint adds strength to our words, increasing the success of all oratory, including, prayers, spells, speeches and presentations, vows of love, legal arguments- or any arguments, political debates, business negotiations, and performances.

Mint is a powerful herb that can be used to increase personal strength and build up the fortitude needed to overcome difficulties and restrictions placed upon you whether through magical or mundane means. Thus, it is an excellent addition to uncrossing mixtures as well as working for courage and strength to prepare for upcoming challenges in the workplace and in relationships. It can be for breaking streaks of bad luck of all sorts and jinxes, whether self-inflicted or otherwise and it can be carried to protect from falling victim to streaks of bad luck or trickery from other people by keeping the mind alert to those "red flags" that tell us that a person or situation might be trouble down the road and helping to give us the strength to walk away before things get too bad.

Mint can be used as a floor wash or grown in and around the house to keep away trouble and troublesome people. After a disruption in the household, such as a family argument or break up, this floor wash can help return the home to calm and harmonious energy and encourage normal and fruitful communication.

Carry mint in your shoe or your pocket to prevent bad luck and other obstacles from interfering with your goals and success. Keep some in your wallet to keep your money flowing smoothly.

Combine mint with High John the Conqueror root root and calamus to increase your fortitude when you're getting ready to address whatever situation is getting in the way of your success. (Whether it be curses, crossed conditions, petty people, legal issues or red tape.)

Mint can be added to psychic-enhancing tea, incense and fragrance oils. Placing mint under your pillow is said to encourage prophetic dreams.

Other Uses for Mint

Some people swear by growing mint around the house and using mint floor and window washes to keep away mice and flies. Peppermint oil is known to container high concentrations of pulegone, which has shown effectiveness against mosquitoes. Spearmint oil shows promise as a larvicide against mosquitoes and can be used to protect clothing against moths. Despite this, it is said that rubbing a beehive with mint with attract a swarm to it and prevent resident bees from leaving.

Mint Toxicity and Precautions

Extreme caution should be used when using mint topically as it can cause severe topical allergic reactions in those who are sensitive to it and can cause extreme discomfort in anyone if it is not properly diluted.

Mints contain menthol in varying degrees (Peppermint contains the most, spearmint not so much) and this compound is known for producing a freezing-burning sensation on the skin. Thus mint essential oils should never be used directly on the skin or in the bath. These oils will stick to the skin and are very difficult to wash off. Only use fresh mint leaves for bath teas and well-diluted oils in salves.

Those who are taking iron supplements, immunosuppressants or drugs to reduce stomach acid production or to control heart conditions or high blood pressure should consult with their physician before using mint internally.

Online sources and more information

• http://www.herbmagic.com/mint.html
• http://naturalsociety.com/mythology-of-mint-a-healing-herb/
• https://www.theoi.com/Nymphe/NympheMinthe.html
• https://www.britannica.com/plant/mint-plant
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppermint

by morningbird

The term Drawing Down the Moon seems to imply a feminine deity, but some use it regardless of the perceived gender of either deity or vessel. The term Drawing Down the Sun is sometimes used when the deity and/or vessel is perceived to be male.

While a variety of techniques may be used, dancing and chanting is often used to achieve an altered state of consciousness and rhythmic prayers call down the deity into the vessel. The specifics vary by tradition. It is usually done during a private full moon Esbat, where the Goddess is represented by the Moon, and rarely at public gatherings.

More Information Online

https://www.patheos.com/blogs/panmankey/2012/11/drawing-down-the-moon-part-one/

by morningbird

Juniper is sometimes known as needle yew, cedar, savin, bastard killer, fairy circle, hackmatack, gin berry, horse savin, gorst, aiten, dwarf juniper, genevier, genévrier, ginepro, enebro, gemeiner, gin plant, wachholder, reckholder
(See yew and cedar for comparison.)

¹There are over 50 species in the Juniper genera and they are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. They range in size from a moderately tall tree to a prostrate shrub and everything in between. Junipers have flattish, prickly leaves that arrange themselves scale-like on a branch when they are mature- young leaves can be more needle-like(they look a bit like yew leaves). They have a unique cone structure. Male plants produce tiny cones with a similar structure to other conifers, but female seed-bearing cones have their scales fused together to form what looks like a fleshy berry that is usually dark blue, or occasionally brownish-red. Some junipers are monoecious, having cones of both sexes on the same plant, and some are dioecious; each plant will produce either male or female cones only.

Select Juniper Species

Common juniper Juniperus communis is widespread throughout Eurasia and North America and is also found in Northern Africa.

Savin Juniperus sabina. Although many junipers may be called savin, this is the Savin juniper, a shrubby tree that enjoys mountainous terrain native to Western Europe through Northern Asia.

Eastern Redcedar Juniperus virginiana is a Native American juniper, sacred to many indigenous cultures. Its wood is highly valued for building insect-resistant furniture for clothing storage.

Juniperus horizontalis A low-growing juniper popular for landscaping. Many cultivars have been developed such as "Youngstown" and "Bar Harbor".

Flakey juniper Juniperus squamata A short, shrubby juniper popular for landscaping. Many cultivars exist such as "Blue Star".

Chinese juniper Juniperus chinensis A moderately tall, shrubby juniper with a pyramidal shape to it, a popular landscape tree with many cultivars available.

Rocky Mountain Juniper Juniperus scopulorum

Juniper in History and Folklore

The Story entitled Red Riding Hood² in the book The Hero of Esthonia tells of a mother laying down juniper branches and making the sign of the cross over them to protect her sleeping children from devils. In the story The Compassionate Shoemaker in the same book, the devil is defeated by being struck by a staff of juniper.

In the Argonautica³, Medea uses a freshly cut spray of juniper to sprinkle her sleeping potion into the eyes of the serpent guarding the Golden Fleece.

The Story the Juniper Tree⁴, recorded by the Brother's Grimm tells of a juniper tree that appears to act as a magical guide and guardian for the people of the household.

Growing Juniper

Several varieties of Juniper are available in the nursery trade as juvenile plants and it is important when you choose them to find out what species you are getting if you hope to use your plant as food seasoning or medicine. There are many different cultivars for the different species. You can grow juniper from seed collected from a positively identified wild specimen as well, though some special care will need to be taken.

Juniper seeds can lay dormant for many years. They are dispersed by passing through the digestive systems of birds and other animals that eat the "berries". Before they will grow, the seed coat must be damaged and this can be accomplished by nicking them with a sharp knife or rubbing them with sandpaper.

Juniper serves as host for several species of butterfly and moth.

Harvesting Juniper

Juniper berries are ripe when they are quite plump, dark green with the appearance of bluish dust on them. They are usually ready in early to mid-Autumn and you may find immature berries on a bush with mature berries as they can retain them for more than one year. The berries are rich in essential oils but they are very sensitive oils and so they should be kept in a cool, dry place, out of sunlight and dried gently or frozen to preserve them.

Healing with Juniper

Juniper is antibacterial, antiviral, diuretic, antiseptic, diuretic, abortifacient, emmenagogue
Juniper berries have been used for intestinal complaints, including parasites, though large amounts may irritate the stomach and intestinal lining. Juniper has a strong diuretic action and may be useful for urinary tract infections. 1-2 teaspoons of the crushed berry steeped in hot water for 10 minutes may be drunk, 2-3 times a day for up to four weeks.

Juniper tea after dinner is said to help improve digestion, reduce blood sugar spikes and help the body rid itself of uric acid to relieve and prevent gout.

Juniper can be used in a vapor rub or in a diffuser for colds, coughs, bronchitis. It may also be added to soothing salves and massage oil for joint and muscle pain. It is also a useful addition to topical preparations to treat eczema, psoriasis, acne, fungal infections and for prevention of infection.

Juniper was used for birth control before safer and more reliable alternatives were developed.

Juniper essential oil

Oil of juniper steam distilled from the wood and leaves is called cade oil. Juniper berry oil is extracted from the berries. The oil is particularly delicate and prone to evaporation and should be kept tightly sealed in a cool place away from light. Juniper oil has anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties.

Culinary Uses for Juniper

Gin is made using juniper berries and they can also be used to make beer, brandy and wine. They are also a good seasoning for meats, particularly wild game and fatty meat. Juniper wood on the hot coals over which meat is cooked will enhance its flavor. The Navajo use juniper ash for preparing corn meal.

Juniper Magick

Juniper corresponds to the energy of Saturn or Jupiter and the element Fire. The Juniper tree is sacred to Apollo, Ashera, Astarte.

Juniper is mentioned as suitable incense for ritual offerings and ingredients for sacred fires in a variety of European, Mediterranean and Native American sources. It burns readily with a pleasant fragrance and charcoal made of juniper seems to be suitable for burning incense. The leaves may be bundled and burned and used as a purifying and protective fumigant to ward off any unpleasantness, including disease and sanctify an object or space. In Scotland, Juniper was burned for the needfyre when disease threatened⁵ and for saining as well as in cattle sheds at the winter holidays to ensure their protection. In Central Europe, Juniper berries and rue were burned in Walpurgis Night to keep away "witches"⁶. Juniper appears to be the fumigant of choice in Siberia⁷ where is it used for ritual purification and blessing of sacrifices, ritual objects and people and animals.

Juniper is also a relatively common ingredient in Kyphi (Kapet), incense used in ancient Egyptian temples and households⁸.

Jupiter wood may also be burned during divination.

Juniper oil, branches or berries may be effectively added to anti-theft spells. Frau Wachholder is the goblin of the Juniper tree who may be evoked help discover a theif by bending the tree's branches⁹. Powwows or Long Lost Friend describes pinning a juniper bush under a rock to compel a thief to return stolen goods (It also references Juniper for a number of healing remedies). Scott Cunningham in The Magical Household describes an anti-theft charm including Juniper berries, elder leaves or mistletoe, caraway and rosemary. Carry a sprig of juniper with you or keep some berries in your pocket to protect against thieves while you're out and about and keep some in your car to keep that safe too.

Juniper can also be used as a protective charm against troublesome spirits as well as thieves. The tree itself can be grown near the door or along the path to the house, branches spread out on the ground around the entrance or boughs hung above entrances.

It is said that a juniper shrub or tree is a particularly effective and magical hiding place. Perhaps juniper can be added to hiding and invisibility charms as well.

Juniper berries can be used in love spells, particularly to enhance male interest and potency. Steep in wine and drink a few sips daily to increase male virility. Steep in vinegar and add it to your bath to make yourself more attractive to men or apply to the directly to the genitals (diluted with water) to increase male interest in them. Or add it to a bath you're sharing. Juniper berries and their essential oils make for a nice "masculine" scent for men's cosmetics (aftershave, beard oil, etc.). Use with due caution.

Toxicity and Precautions

Juniper was known as "bastard killer" when herbal abortions were relied upon before medical abortions tool their place. Pregnat women should not use juniper in medicinal doses.

Juniper may change the way your body regulates blood sugar. Diabetics and others who need to carefully regulate their blood sugar should approach juniper with caution. Juniper should not be used while taking medication to regulate your blood sugar.

Juniper irritates the kidneys and should not be used by individuals with any sort of kidney disease.

Juniper should not be taken in addition to any other diuretic drug or herb without careful supervision.

Juniper berries are toxic in high doses.
Juniper oils, tars and resins may irritate the skin. Use due caution, allergy test and sufficient dilution.

Male juniper plants release highly allergenic pollen, sometimes in large clouds.

by morningbird

Also known as sweet marjoram, pot marjoram, knotted marjoram.
Sometimes the names marjoram and oregano are used interchangeably, but on this site, we use the name oregano to reference Origanum vulgare, which, unfortunately, is also called wild marjoram. The two species are closely related and can interbreed. The cross between the two Origanum x majoricum may be called Hardy marjoram, Italian marjoram, Sicilian marjoram or French marjoram. It's a little hardier than marjoram and a little sweeter than oregano.

Marjoram is a low-growing upright herb, reaching 10 to 20 inches in height. It has reddish stems and fuzzy gray-green leaves that grow opposite each other on the stem. Flowers appear in late summer and may be violet to lavender, pink or white. The unopened flower buds are said to resemble knots, which gives rise to the common name "knotted marjoram". Marjoram is native to the Middle East.

Marjoram History and Folklore

I see a lot of sites stating that marjoram comes from the ancient Greek meaning "Joy of the mountains". This is not true. The word oregano and the genus name Origanum which oregano and marjoram share sounds a bit like it could be from the Greek for something like "ornamenting the mountain" or "making the mountain sparkle". Marjoram may come from the Latin meaning "greater". Or not. But if it is, then I suppose Origanum majorana is the greater ornament of the mountain, if you don't mind mixing your languages. In truth, both words probably are pre-Greek and pre-Latin and meant something else entirely.

It is difficult to sort out the differences between marjoram and oregano lore, and I suppose it's possible the lore isn't so different. The plants are quite similar and 3,000 years ago they might have had even less to differentiate them.

In the language of flowers, marjoram symbolizes blushing.

Growing Marjoram

Marjoram is a tender perennial hardy in zones 7-9. Some have reported success overwintering marjoram in sheltered areas in lower zones as well, but for the most part, marjoram should be brought indoors for the winter or treated as an annual in colder regions. Marjoram does make a lovely houseplant.

Marjoram enjoys a very sunny position with loose, well-drained soil. It tolerates both poor soil and drought, though you should water it regularly for several weeks after planting to allow it to get established. It is susceptible to root rot though, so don't overdo it.

Marjoram seeds are slow to germinate. They can be soaked overnight before planting to help speed up the process and temperatures of about 70 degrees Fahrenheit will give you the ideal conditions for germination. They should be planted just below the surface of the soil and watered lightly to prevent damping off. They can be started indoors 4-6 weeks before your last frost date and transplanted outdoors after all danger of frost has passed. They should be spaced at least a foot apart in the garden. Marjoram can also be propagated by root division, they should be divided in the fall, and cuttings, which can be taken anytime and rooted in water.

Marjoram attracts many beneficial insects and is considered an excellent companion for many garden plants. Rabbits and aphids enjoy marjoram.

Harvesting and Preserving Marjoram

You can begin harvesting marjoram about 60 days after sowing and continue to cut the leaves as you need them throughout the growing season. Cut the stems with scissors, rather than just plucking off leaves to encourage new growth. Take a big harvest just as the flower buds appear, as this is when the flavor is best and don't be afraid to cut it back severely. It will grow back much bushier. If you are growing marjoram indoors, do take the time to cut it back at this time to keep it at a manageable shape and to avoid woodiness. Outdoors it isn't as serious if it decides to get wild.

If you plan to use your marjoram to infuse oils, you can let them bloom and collect the flowers immediately for the best fragrance. They should be harvested just after the dew has dried on a moderately warm or cool day, if possible.

Marjoram can be dried on a screen or hung in bundles in a well-ventilated place or dried in a dehydrator. Do not dry it in the sunlight as this can damage the essential oils that make it so delicious and fragrant. Dried marjoram can be stored in a sealed container in a dark, dry place for six months or so. You can also freeze the fresh leaves.

Culinary Uses for Marjoram

Marjoram is a popular culinary herb in the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. It has a woodsy-balsamic fragrance and a sweet flavor that is good in salads and it really shines when paired with meats and in tomato based sauces. It is also good with potatoes, beans and eggs and pairs well with both basil and thyme.

Marjoram's flavor is best when it is added in the last 5 to 10 minutes of cooking.

It also makes a nice after-dinner tea.

Healing Uses for Marjoram

Marjoram is analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, carminative and diuretic. It is a rather pleasant tea that supports digestion and prevents gas and soothes the nerves. It is also useful during cold season as the tea will help sooth the throat and break up congestion while encouraging a good night's sleep.

Marjoram added to the bath water or to massage oil helps relieve joint and muscle pain.

Inhaling the fragrance of marjoram can help break up congestion. The fragrance is also calming and can help the restless cold sufferer get some sleep. Try a few drops of the essential oil on a pillow or a handkerchief or steep some marjoram in your warm bath just before bed.

There is some evidence that drinking marjoram tea daily can help regulate female hormonal cycles and have some effect on related issues like PCOS. Massaging the abdomen with an oil formulated with marjoram clary sage and lavender has been shown to help with painful menstruation¹.

Magick of Marjoram

Marjoram is variously listed as being ruled by the Mercury or Venus and the element Air or Fire. Agrippa associates it with Aries and Leo and the Sun.². That's a lot of correspondences, but it's probably because it's so often confused with oregano. Agrippa is specifically referencing sweet marjoram with reference to the Sun, which does seem reasonable, and he mentions marjoram as ruled by Mercury- I suspect he is referencing oregano here. I have also seen Mars listed as a ruler for marjoram, but I'm not feeling it. Marjoram is a gentler herb. Its use for love magick does suggest Venus, but the sort of magick isn't what we normally think of Venusian. It's about harmony, the sort that comes from communication and concord as well as luck, which suggests Mercury, and gaining knowledge, more Mercury as well as the connection with the dead. Marjoram's soothing action on the nervous system also suggests Mercury to me.

Agrippa's correspondences might suggest Fire as a ruling element but despite its protective nature, I'm not feeling it any more than Mars. It's just not that aggressive. Considering Marjoram's affinity for both the respiratory system and the nervous system, and the strength of its scent, I am feeling Air more strongly.

The Pahlavi texts lists it at sacred to Ashavahist³. It is sacred to Themis⁴, and Venus.

Marjoram is suitable for decorations, crowns, floral arrangements, corsages and boutineers for both weddings and funerals.

I have seen marjoram mentioned in Roman, Greek and Egyptian lore referencing perfumery and in some with specific mention toward using its fragrance (among others) to draw a lover⁵.

Marjoram is very good for love spells, especially those related to divining your future spouse or how happy you would be with a particular person as a spouse. Try drinking a potion of marjoram in wine or tea, or anointing your body with marjoram infused oil, or just put a sprig under your pillow before sleep as part of a dream divination spell for this purpose. To attract a spouse worth dreaming about, place a sprig of marjoram in the center of each room (it'll look pretty in a little glass vase).

It is also used to help relieve the pain of grief and help those grieving a loss to know joy again. It can be used as a bath for this purpose, especially in combination with balm of Gilead buds (see also poplar). Repeat the bath for 7 days. Infuse the balm of Gilead and marjoram in an oil to gently massage the grieving before bedtime.

Combine marjoram and thyme in a wash or fumigation incense to drive sadness out of a house, especially after the death of a resident.

Combine marjoram with violet in a wash or fumigation or carry it to protect against whatever viruses are going around. (And wash your hands with it too.)

For general protection of the home and family, place a marjoram leaf in the four outer corners of your home or use it in a floor wash. This protects against family and marital strife as well as general bad luck. You can also add it to family meals to protect the diners from discord among one another (see also basil, which will enhance this effect) and to enhance their love for one another, as well as to generally ward off bad luck for everyone involved. (You must eat the meal together.)

Other Uses for Marjoram

Marjoram is pleasantly aromatic with a floral yet woodsy fragrance that is nice in potpourri, fragrance oils and cosmetics.

Warnings and Toxicity

Marjoram is generally considered safe, but should not be used medicinally by pregnant women or children- though culinary doses are okay. Anyone who has ever had an allergic reaction to any plant in the family Lamiaceae (mint) should approach marjoram with caution. Marjoram may affect blood clotting and so should not be used by those who have bleeding disorders or who are taking blood thinners. For the same reason, avoid taking marjoram for at least two weeks before any surgery⁶.

by morningbird

The term witch hunt is now a metaphorical term that derives from the literal witch hunts of the 1400-1700s in Europe and Colonial America; an era known as the burning times among modern Witches. During this period, several incidences occurred involving arrests and executions of sometimes quite large numbers of people for the charge of witchcraft on scant evidence. Most people jailed and executed during this period were certainly not witches and it is difficult to say if any actually were. Court records reveal "spectral" evidence and confessions under torture, leaving most convictions in question. But witches were a popular scapegoat when things went wrong, a belief encouraged by some religious organizations of the time in order to create a perceived enemy of God and the Church to blame "evil" doings on, thus cementing the power of the church and local clergy and anyone who decided to wear the mantle of religion in order to wield power.

Any misfortune could be blamed on a witch and then it was just a matter of deciding who got to be the witch. Some peasants might point out a "witch" in order to turn attention away from their own families in an act of self-preservation, but doing so might also be to their benefit, giving them some power and influence with local magistrates and sometimes even winning them some or all of the "witch's" property. Thus, anyone who was inconvenient; perhaps not fully self-sufficient, or perhaps someone privy to a dark secret, or perhaps someone who liked to gossip or who was not as friendly or respectful as one would like, or whose dog kept getting into your chickens or who had a nicer bit of land than you presented a convenient target for their neighbors to report to the witch hunter. False accusations were rarely prosecuted.

While literal witch hunts do still take place today, they are generally limited to Africa and the Middle East. This is probably because most people in the West don't believe in Witchcraft anymore and simply chuckle patronizingly at people who claim to be Witches. Metaphorical witch hunts, however, remain common in the West.

The term witch hunt entered the vernacular in the metaphorical sense in reference to McCarthy's feverish search for Communist sympathizers and traitors in the US in the 1940s and 50s and Stalin's feverish search for disloyalty in 1930s and 1940s in Russia.

by morningbird

The word salve comes from the PIE root *selp- referencing medicine made of fat.

The word salve is also used metaphorically in reference to soothing feelings and repairing relationships.

Using Salves

Salves are generally used to protect the skin against weather damage, to heal the skin, or to apply medicine intended to be absorbed through the skin. Because it is thicker, salves are easier to use than liquid oils, more portable and less likely to spill and be wasted.

Drawing salves are designed to draw foreign objects, toxins, and infections out of the skin. They can be used, for example, for splinters, stingers, boils and pimples. One of these is black salve which contains activated charcoal for its highly absorbent, drawing qualities. Various types of clay may also be used for these same qualities. In addition to "drawing" ingredients, soothing and moisturizing herbs are used to soften the skin to loosen the foreign body and antibiotic ingredients are often included to prevent further damage from infection and to encourage healing.

Anointing oils can also be thickened into a salve, making them more portable and easier to use.

How to Make a Salve

To make a salve at home, we usually begin with an oil infusion. If multiple herbs are to be used for a salve, it is generally recommended that they be infused separately and the infused oils combined after straining, rather than infusing them all together in one jar. Occasionally, essential oils are used to add additional fragrance, or they may be used instead of fresh herbs.

Then a thickener, such as beeswax, is melted over low heat and added to the oil, stirred and tested by dropping a bit of the salve onto a cool plate to test the thickness of the mixture. Once the desired thickness is reached (and this varies by intended use of the salve and personal preference), the salve is complete and may be stored and packaged.

Most salves have a shelf life of six months to a year when stored in a cool, dry place. A solid or dark container is recommended to ensure freshness as light can degrade the oils that make up the salve. Vitamin E capsules are often added to salve recipes to extend their shelf life.

by morningbird

With several different species native to North America, the poplars are fast-growing trees, often referred to by landscapers as “weed trees” found throughout the temperate regions of North America. The poplar trees are an important group of lumber trees, however its light, flexible, slightly porous wood and quick growth makes it a very useful tree for manufacturing paper, pallets, and kitchen items and poplar logs are used for growing shiitake mushrooms. The tree is also good for coppicing and has the potential for efficient, renewable bioenergy supply. As a pioneer species, poplars can be used to reclaim damaged land and can even help remove certain toxins from the soil. The early spring buds of several species of poplar yield the reddish-brown sticky resin known as Balm of Gilead.

Poplars include several species referred to as poplar, and also aspen and cottonwood. There will be overlap between articles, but I do feel they all deserve their own page.

Some Poplar Species

Black Poplar Populus nigra a large cottonwood native to Eurasia and Northwest Africa. The Lombardy poplar, popular with landowners who want a quick screen, is a cultivated variety of this species.

Grey poplar Populus x canescans is a hybrid between white poplar and aspen known for very fast growth.

White Poplar Pupulus alba, aka Silver Poplar, Abele, is medium sized native to the Iberian peninsula, Morocco and North to central Asia. It likes moisture, is tolerant to salt and has reputation for an invasive root system. White poplar is a troublesome invasive species in parts of North America. Its distinctive two-toned leaves (whitish dull pall green on the back, shiny bright green on the front) make it an attractive tree in the landscape and also reminds us of the duality of life and death.

Willow-Leaved Poplar or narrowleaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia, Native to Central North America, a source of Balm of Gilead.

Ontario balsam poplar Populus balsamifera, Native to Northern North America and a source of Balm of Gilead.

Western balsam poplar or black cottonwood Populus trichocarpa Native to Western North America, a source of Balm of Gilead.

Balm of Gilead tree Populus x gileadensis or Populus × jackii is a cross between balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera, and the eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides,

The tulip poplar or tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera is not a closely related species. This species provides a high-quality hardwood often sold as poplar wood (aka yellow poplar wood or tulipwood) but this wood is more finely grain than that of Populus species.

History and Folklore

Greco-Roman lore mentions Leuce or Leuka, as the most beautiful of the Oceanids who was loved by Pluto. When she died, he turned her into a tree, the White Poplar, which is held to be sacred to him and a tie to the underworld. White poplar represents a peaceful afterlife and remembering the dead.

The poplar is also associated with Heracles who is said to have crowned himself with white poplar to celebrate his return from the Underworld. (Robert Graves The Greek Myths) Crowns of white poplar were presented to winners of his ceremonial games. Pausanias said that the Eleans (Olympia, Greece) used White Poplar wood for sacrifices because (he speculated) Heracles had brought them the custom. Some shrines from the Roman period show a poplar motif in decoration and some statues show Heracles crowned with poplar.

Lucian The Works of Lucian of Samosata, Volume III and Dialogues of the Gods the story of the sisters Phaethon, son of Helios who was killed attempting to drive the chariot of the sun. The sisters mourned and were turned into poplars and continued to cry tears of amber.

Robert Graves mentions white poplar in The White Goddess as one of three trees of resurrection, along with alder and cypress.

In the Victorian language of flowers, White Poplar symbolizes time.

The resin of several North American species of poplar has been used historically by North America’s indigenous population for a number of healing purposes. Christian European colonists thought the sweet smelling, powerful healing balm used by the native people they encountered in the New World reminded them of the Balm of Gilead mentioned in the Bible. So, the healing resin exuded by the group of poplars known as the balsam poplars is still known as Balm of Gilead today.

Harvesting Balm of Gilead Buds

Balm of Gilead is obtained from the early spring buds of one of the balsam poplar species (Populus angustifolia, Populus balsamifera, Populus trichocarpa and Populus x gileadensis), many of which can be found along riverbanks. All rules of the respectful harvest should be followed (don’t take the first you see, don’t take the last you see, take less than half of what you find, take only what you need, use everything you take). Over-harvesting of leaf buds can kill a tree, so refrain from taking more than 1/3 of them. Taking the terminal tip of any branch can hamper a tree’s growth as well, so avoid doing this.

Poplars and cottonwoods can grow really tall and tend to keep their branches near the top, but poplars are, after all, notorious for shedding and you’re likely to find windfall branches all over, especially after a storm. Since poplar is considered a weed tree by many and tends to shed a big mess at flowering time, you can often find stumps with lots of young whips shooting up all around it, right at picking height.

The best time to gather the buds is in the early spring, on a dry, sunny day when it is quite cold. Be aware that the red resin will stain your fingers any container you put the buds in and plan accordingly. They may be stored, unwashed, in the refrigerator or freezer until you are ready to process them.

To extract the resin into an oil for future use in making salves, fragrance oil or ritual oil, cover the buds with oil in a pan or crockpot, cover and heat gently, for 2-3 hours, stirring gently every 15 minutes or so.

You could also do a cold extract by allowing the buds to macerate in oil for several weeks in a warm, dark place.

Strain the oil and store in a cool dry place. Vitamin E or Gum Benzoin may be added as a preservative. Oil prepared this way will last for several months, up to a year.

Magical and Ceremonial use of Poplar

Poplar corresponds to the energy of Jupiter. It is sacred to Heracles, Pluto, Zeus and Melkarth.

White Poplar leaves are suitable for altar decoration for Samhain, celebrations in honor of Hades, ancestral rites, funerals and any ceremony related to the underworld, life cycles, death and rebirth. Poplar leaves and wreaths are suitable graves decorations. In the absence of White Poplar, other poplar species have bi-colored leaves and can be substituted, though their appearance will not be as striking.

Poplar wood can be used to make good all-purpose wands and is a good choice for a backing to a magick mirror or a box to store divination tools as it may enhance their efficacy.

Balm of Gilead buds or their resin may be burned as an appropriate incense for any of the above occasions and also for spells related to attraction- from love spells to attracting employees and reconciliation and soothing the pain resulting from arguments, rejection and betrayal. It is also useful for Necromancy and any ceremony involved in presenting offerings to Gods, ancestors or spirit beings as the scent is said to be very pleasing and attractive to spirits.

Balm of Gilead resin may be used in anointing oil or dressing oil for any and all spells related to attraction, reconciliation and soothing injured feelings and damaged relationships. It is also suitable for anointing tools to be used in the service of spirit.

As a fragrance, Balm of Gilead resin may be used to make the wearer more attractive, to draw a lover to you or to encourage a wandering lover to reconcile.

A Balm of Gilead buds and bits of resin may be added to sachets and container spells or used in sympathetic spells for attraction and reconciliation.

Dress your money with Balm of Gilead oil before you send it out into the world to encourage it to return to you.

The keywords for Balm of Gilead buds and resin are attraction, reconciliation and balm. They can be used for spells to attract and to sooth (or balm) any feelings or tensions that lead to a split. They are useful for love spells, but also for getting jobs (and getting back on the payroll after a layoff), reconciling with friends you’ve argued with, attracting wealth, attracting customers.

Poplar for Healing

The buds of the balsam poplars, called Balm of Gilead buds, yield a sticky reddish-brown resin with many healing qualities. It is rich in salicin, a natural anti-inflammatory and analgesic also found in Willow, Meadowsweet and, of course, aspirin. Balm of Gilead also has anti-microbial and anti-bacterial properties.

As a topical ointment, it serves as a broad spectrum antibiotic and also has anti-inflammatory and analgesic qualities because it is rich in salicin. A healing oil can be made by extracting the resin from the buds into a carrier oil which can then be used as is or thickened into a salve to use as a first aid wound salve as you would an antibiotic ointment, a general balm for skin irritations, chafing, diaper rash, atopic dermatitis and weather-chapped skin and as a massage oil for sore muscles and strains, general inflammation and joint pain. Additional herbal ingredients may be added to enhance or efficacy of your balm. It is said that Balm of Gilead improves the action of other herbs, pulling them deeper into the tissues so they can work more efficiently.

An infusion or tincture of the buds can be used to combat coughs, bronchitis, sore throat, hoarseness and laryngitis. The taste is not as pleasant as the smell, so it is often made into syrupse or lozenges.

Black poplar has a history of use for medicine in Europe as well. All poplars produce salicin and other healing compounds. A decoction of the bark can be drunk for relief from rheumatism and gout and an infusion of the buds drunk for the treatment of kidney and urinary tract infections. A tincture diluted in water can be used for coughs and colds.

Warnings

If you are allergic to aspirin, you may react to poplar.

More Information Online

https://joybileefarm.com/balm-of-gilead/ (Harvesting and processing into balm)
http://frontierfreedom.blogspot.com/2011/01/how-to-make-and-use-balm-of-gilead.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGASdmlckhI - Infusing Balm of Gilead Oil
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGEt0dzYT4w - Identifying Poplars

by morningbird

Balm of Gilead is a sticky red resin that can be used in incense or dissolved into oil for use during ritual. The scent is suitable for all ritual purposes as a general-purpose holy incense, for fumigation for consecration. It is said to draw spirits to its fragrance, so it is a good one to use when you are making offerings or attempting to communicate with the dead or other spirit beings.

Macerating the buds in oil infuses it with its fragrance which can be worn to draw love, rekindle the interest of a lover who is wandering and to help your lover forgive and forget. This oil can also be used as a dressing oil. It is also effective for healing and soothing skin irritations, bruising and swelling.

Balm of Gilead corresponds to the planet Jupiter

by morningbird

Container spells are usually identified by the container involved, such as a jar spell, a bottle spell, a sugar bowl spell, a sachet, though any manner of container may be used- boxes, blown out eggs, envelopes, a folded bit of fabric, etc. While the choice of container may be restricted by the sort of objects it containers, most spells can be cast with alternative containers. Practical questions of availability of materials, portability- which informs size and sturdiness, the toxicity and degradability of materials of containers meant to be buried or thrown into water and appearance if the container is meant to be put on display should be considered when choosing a container.

The container itself may be decorated on the outside as well, it may be colored a corresponding color, or black to absorb surrounding energy or white to reflect it. Symbols may be painted on the surface of the container or it may be wrapped around with ribbons or wire for binding, or barbed wire for protection, bells may be affixed to warn the practitioner when the spell has been activated, as in the case of a protection spell, the bell is set to ring when the spell has worked to protect you from someone acting against you.

Some of the most well-known container spells used today include the Sugar Jar or Honey Jar (design to "sweeten" someone's attitude) and the Witches Bottle protection spell (designed to "break" any malicious spells aimed at the target). These are both sympathetic spells that involve placing one or more taglocks representing the target in a container and surrounding them with items representing the intent of the spell; sweetener of some sort in the case of the Sugar Jar and sharp and broken objects in the case of the Witches Bottle. Additional items may be added to enhance the energy of the main items. For example, cinnamon may be added to a Sugar Jar to speed up the process and a mirror might be added to a Witches Bottle to reflect malevolent energy back to the sender.

Another type of container spell creates a drawing magical object something like an amulet. In this a case, a taglock is generally not used as the container is meant to draw the energy or situation to its vicinity, rather than direct it toward a specific person. A Money Jar is a spell like this. Items, in this case, money, you wish to draw toward you are ceremonially placed within, perhaps with other objects symbolizing wealth and the container is then set in the home you wish to draw money to, or carried by the person to attract the desired situation.

Petitions may also be added to container spells.

The assembling of the spell container is generally done as part of a larger ritual. Many witches begin by sanctifying the space and Gods, ancestors or other spirits may be evoked for aid. The spell items and the container itself are generally cleansed and charged toward the work. The items are generally identified as to their purpose in the spell as they are added, or they may be prayed over or a special chant recalling the intention of the spell may be repeated as each item is added. After the spell container has been assembled, it is usually activated by lighting a candle and speaking an incantation or prayer. It is then placed in its final home, whether it be the mantle, buried in the backyard or in someone's pocket.

Spell containers generally continue to work indefinitely, but an occasional shake, touch, or "recharge' with a candle and a prayer will improve their efficacy. When they are no longer needed, the container should be destroyed and all parts of the spell cleansed and buried, preferably at a crossroad or beneath the roots of a significantly grown tree- unless the disposal of the container is prescribed within the spell, for example, some banishing spells suggest throwing the container into running water or down a privy or even in the garbage.

Container spells are ancient magick and "witch bottle"s and other containers containing spell objects have been found by archaeologists throughout the world, though Hoodoo and related traditions can be credited with most of our modern container spell practices.

Learn More Online

• Information About Container Spells from the Association of Independent Readers and Rootworkers
• 17th-Century Urine Filled Witch Bottle Found

by morningbird

Tanith crossed over on December 22, 2017 at the age of 89.

• A Witch Amongst Us; The Autobiography of a Witch (1979, 1989) ISBN 0-7090-3761-9
• Conversations with a Witch (1989, 2002) ISBN 978-0-7090-7064-1
• Dancing with Witches (1998, 2006) ISBN 0-7090-8074-3
• Spells to Change Your Life (2003) ISBN 978-1-904435-10-5

Learn More About Lois Bourne

https://wildhunt.org/2018/01/lois-bourne1928-2017.html
http://wiccanrede.org/2018/10/a-witch-still-amongst-us-remembering-lois-bourne/

by morningbird

Preparing to Write a Petition

While petitions can be written on any paper one has on hand, there are some traditions and some more modern innovations that may be brought into the work. Hoodoo tradition suggests that the paper should be brown paper and not cut with a blade. Thus, petitions are often written on kraft paper or butcher paper or obtained from plain brown paper grocery bags. They are then carefully torn into the desired shape which is, traditionally, simply a square. Some tradition says that the paper should be torn toward you if you are asking for something to come toward you, and that you should tear it away from you if you are sending something away.

Some witches like to fashion their paper into a shape that they feel is appropriate to the working. A heart shape for love, a square for stability and balance, a circle for unity and abundance, an upward triangle for courage or protection, a downward facing triangle for fertility (symbolism varies by tradition). Likewise, witches may choose to use paper or ink in a color that corresponds to the intention.

Most practitioners will tell you that any pen or pencil can be used to write a petition but some reserve a special pen just for petitions, especially if they use this method often. You may wish to cleanse and charge your pen or pencil and indeed your paper and any other tool you may be using prior to beginning your petition.

Writing the Petition

Some say that a petition should be written without lifting your pen off the page, thus, many witches prefer to write their petition in cursive.

Targeting the Petition
The petition is targetted to identify the person who should receive the final result of the spell. There are a few ways to do this. The target can be identified in the top corner of the petition with the body of the petition written below, like the return address and body of a business letter. Another way is to write the target in the center of the paper and write the body of the petition in a circle around the identifying information.

The identifying information of the target may take various forms. Usually, the name is included and the name is most important. This may be followed by the birth date of the target, though this is not as important as the name. Sometimes just the name and birthdate are written. Often the name is written three times. If the purpose of the spell involves binding two targets together (as in a love spell), one person's name is written three times on three lines, the paper is given a half sunwise and the next person's name is written three times over the first person's name so that the two names are crossed over each other.

Sometimes a taglock is added to a petition as well.

The Body of the Petition
The body of the petition may be written below the targetting information or in a circle around it. The language should be positive in the form of an intention or a statement of Will. It is believed that petition statements will manifest quite literally, so if you write "I wish to meet a handsome man" you will definitely manifest wishing to meet a handsome man. So, a petition statement should say "I Will meet a handsome man" or, if the petition is addressed to a spirit being, it should say "Nameofbeing, please aid me in my quest to meet a handsome man" or somesuch. You can also offer a gift in return once your petition has been granted. For example, many petitions addressed to Saint Jude includes a promise to publically publish the petition. You see these occasionally in newspaper classified sections and on Craigslist. Remember that if you do promise something in return, that you will have to deliver, so don't promise anything too crazy.

Dressing the Petition

Some people like to dress the petition with appropriate oils after it has been written. You may also wish to pass it through incense smoke or sprinkle powders over it, or draw appropriate symbols, sigils, or Vèvè on it. This may be done before or after "sealing" the petition.

Sealing the Petition

Once you are happy with the petition, it is a good idea to read it out loud before sealing it. Some read it once, three times or nine times. Some will open it and re-read it daily until the petition is fulfilled. If the petition is short and sweet, and the best petitions are, you may memorize it and repeat out loud it as it is sealed.

Place the petition on a flat surface and fold it in half. If you are attempting to draw something toward you, fold the petition toward you. If you are attempting to send something away from you, fold the petition away from you. Then, give the petition a quarter turn (optional) deosil if you are drawing, widdershins if you are sending and fold it once more. Repeat one more time so you have folded the petition a total of three times.

At this time the petition is sealed. You may wish to verbally "seal" it by saying "As I Will so mote it be" or something. Or physically seal it with a bit of wax or tape, if you don't want to open it up and re-read it later.

Activating the Petition

The petition, now created and charged, may be activated in a number of ways. It can be used as a spell component and added to a larger spell, such as a container spell with other objects and activated as part of the larger spell object.

Or you may wish to use a candle to activate the petition on its own. Simply place the candle on top of the petition (you may dress the candle first if you wish), recite your petition as you light the candle and allow the candle to burn. If you are reciting your petition daily, you may wish to get a sizable candle that you can relight every day as you recite. Otherwise, a small tealight will do.

Some will burn the petition itself. This is especially appropriate for banishing spells.

If your petition is addressed to a specific spirit being, the best place of it is on that being's altar.

Closing the Petition

Once your petition has been fulfilled, it is important to perform whatever acts of service you have promised in return as soon as possible. Then, the petition may be torn up three times and tossed into the bonfire or buried at the base of a tree, or you can burn it in your candle flame and scatter its ashes over the crossroads.

by morningbird

Also called yellow elder, West Indian Holly, ramgoat dashalong, yellow buttercup, buttercup bush, Cuban buttercup, Bahamian buttercup, sage rose and false Damiana, (though it is not closely related to buttercup, holly, rose, alder or elder) yellow alder is a tropical shrub in the Passionflower family native to the Caribbean basin. It is a low, bushy plant that reaches a height of 2-3 feet. Yellow flowers are produced all year long among shiny green serrated oval-shaped leaves.

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Growing Yellow Alder

Yellow alder is not picky about soil and thrives in full sun to part shade, though it will be bushier if it gets more sun. It makes a nice ground cover in zones 9-11, and can be grown in a container in other areas. Yellow alder is drought tolerant. It will reseed in its ideal habitat and may become invasive.

Yellow alder for Healing

Yellow alder is used traditionally to treat colds and flu, stomach aches, diarrhea, abdominal and menstrual cramps and for skin conditions. Studies have shown yellow alder to have antibacterial properties.

Warnings

Parts of this plant are toxic.

by morningbird

Damiana is a small, woody shrub of the passion flower family native to the Southern United States, Mexico, South America and the Caribbean. Fragrant yellow 5-petaled flowers appear from early to late summer, followed by edible fruits that taste similar to figs. The entire plant is aromatic and is traditionally used to flavor liquor and has a long history of medical use by the Maya who called it mizibcoc. It is most well known for its aphrodisiac qualities.

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Damiana Turnera diffusa is sometimes listed as T. aphrodisiaca or T. microphylla and is often confused with yellow alder Turnera ulmifolia, sometimes called false Damiana, which is similar in appearance but has different energetic and chemical properties. Damiana may also be referenced by the common names herba de la pastora, Mexican damiana, old woman's broom, Mexican holly, oreganello and rosemary (Not to be confused with the other Rosemary.)

Growing Damiana

Damiana is a perennial in zones 9-11 is hardy down to 30 degrees Fahrenheit. Damiana likes rich soil, but isn't too picky. It is is drought tolerant. Damiana can be grown in a large pot indoors in areas with winters. In areas where it can be grown outdoors, it's a nice shrub that grows 3-6 feet tall.

Damiana for Healing

Damiana is sometimes used as an apoptogenic tonic. It is associated with bringing on an improved mood, relieving stress and anxiety and general relaxation. It is also said to increase overall blood flow.

Inhaling the steam from Damiana steeped in boiling water is said to ease headaches.

Damiana has a reputation as an aphrodisiac, though its effect is rather subdued. Rather than just making you horny, Damiana increases general blood flow, mood and focus, which can improve the sexual experience for those who have trouble relaxing and enjoying sexual encounters due to the distraction of stress in other areas of their lives. It is also said to intensify orgasms.

Damiana is said to improve mood swings and to ease hormonal changes, especially those related to menstruation and menopause.

Damiana is said to help with weight loss.

Some studies with Damiana have shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer.

Damiana for Magick

Damiana corresponds to the planets Venus and Jupiter and the element Fire.

Damiana is a useful tea or smoke before ritual, especially where an altered states of consciousness is be involved, and aids with meditation and divination. It is also a good addition to ritual incense. It is also wonderfully helpful in sex magick spells.

Damiana can be smoked or drunk in a tea to aid with lucid dreaming. While some also say that Damiana help them to sleep , others may find that damiana actually interferes with sleep, and so combine it with sleep aid herbs, such as passionflower and lavender but try it by itself first before experimenting.

Damiana can be added to loves spells and philtres, keeping its nature in mind. It is best used between lovers who are simply looking to spice things up, to improve their sexual relationship and to overcome difficulties resulting from stress in other areas of their lives. Damiana is especially fun shared in massage oil form, though I feel compelled to warn you against applying oil directly to the genitals.

Damiana Culinary Uses

Damiana liquor is made from the leaves and stems of this plant. The fruit is edible.

Warnings

Damiana is a psychotropic drug. It is sometimes used as an ingredient in "spice" and other marijuana substitutes- Many of these blends are very dangerous. Damiana is illegal in Louisiana.

Possible side effects include indigestion, nausea, vomiting and tinnitus. Lower your dose or stop taking if you experience these. If you experience hallucinations while using damiana, you should seek medical attention.

Damiana may interfere with the absorption of dietary iron.

Damiana may cause swings in blood sugar and should be avoided by people who have issues in this area.

High doses of Damiana may be toxic.

It should be avoided during pregnancy and breast feeding and should not be given to children.

People with diabetes, any urinary tract issue, or liver disease should avoid damiana.

by morningbird

Masterwort is a perennial member of the Apiaceae family of plants with characteristic umbrella-like flower heads seen in other members of this carrot family. It is native to Europe but has been cultivated throughout the world with several varieties developed for the ornamental plant trade, sometimes sold under the name peuce. Masterwort is also known as imperatoria and master root.

Many other plants have been given the name Masterwort, or variations of it, and several bear a physical resemblance. These include Astrantia(great masterwort), Goutweed (wild masterwort), Hogweed and Angelica. To confuse matters more, many of these also enjoy similar growing conditions.

Gardening and Wildcrafting Masterwort

Several varieties of masterwort have been bred for the nursery trade, including some with interesting variegated leaves that look nice in a moon garden. These plants prefer at least a half day of shade and moist, rich soil and are also a good choice for a woodland garden. They form a neat mound, about 10 inches tall by 18 inches wide, but will send up their umbrella-shaped heads of fragrant white flowers to a height of 3 feet from Midsummer through August. They should be planted with about 2 feet of space, but expect them to spread out a bit over the years. This is a well-mannered plant that does not tend to become invasive, though it has naturalized outside of its native habitat where it can be found in damp meadows, woodland edges and along riverbanks.

Masterwort is hardy in zones 5-9 and prefers full to partial shade, but will survive in full sun if it is kept well watered.

The seeds need to be cold stratified for proper germination. You can plant it in the garden in autumn and it should sprout in the spring, but if you want to provide extra protection by starting seeds indoors, they can be refrigerated for 1-3 months in a wet medium prior to sowing them in the warm spring garden or in pots indoors for transplant later.

Healing Uses of Masterwort

Masterwort is a warming herb used to promote heat in the body.

Traditional use of the root includes chewing it or gargling with a decoction to relieve a toothache and steeping it in wine to help relieve a fever or treat liver disease, jaundice, leprosy, coughs, and to promote menstruation.

Traditional use of the leaves include applying them to wounds to encourage healing.

Masterwort is a traditional veterinary remedy for cows and horses to increase appetite and milk production.

Masterwort tea is said to benefit digestion.

Magical Uses of Masterwort

Masterwort corresponds to the planet Mars and the element Fire. It can be used in any spell to promote courage or strength and for protection.

Sprinkling an area with the powdered root, or a decoction of the root is said to force any resident spirits to make themselves known.

Carrying the root in your pocket will help keep evil beings (variously identified as witches, troublesome faeries, trolls, the devil, etc.) from bothering you, and planting some near your door will keep them from entering your house.

Wash your weapons with a decoction of masterwort root to ensure they strike true, for hunting or battle.

Use the root of masterwort in sympathetic spells to ensure your mastery over a situation or over other people.

Culinary Uses of Masterwort

The leaves can be used as a potherb and has been used to flavor cheese. The roots provide a slow heat that burns hotter than peppers when used to season foods. Masterwort is historically used to flavor alcoholic beverages, including beer.

Cautions and Toxicity

The sap from masterwort can cause phototoxicity if it comes into contact with the skin. The degree of reaction varies by individual.

Masterwort is mildly toxic and large doses can cause hallucinations.

Masterwort should not be used during pregnancy.

by morningbird