Wizign

電波鐘 - 日本 JP60 電波解碼

2009-07-13T16:46:00.002+08:00

用單晶片 PIC16F877A + 電波鐘接收模組, 使用 C 語言撰寫解碼程式.

一些可以考慮使用的免費軟體

2009-02-21T00:04:00.003+08:00

如果在為商業軟體的授權費用傷腦筋, 可以考慮這個網址上所列的一些可以考慮使用的免費軟體

TouchScreen driver has been done - 移植 Linux kernel 2.6.25 (Android 版本) 到 SAMSUNG S3C2440A

2008-12-10T10:21:00.001+08:00

關於觸控面板驅動程式(touch screen driver) 的修改, 以下的網址是個好的參考資料:
[轉錄帥哥] Touch Screen Driver

S3C2410 touch screen 的 patch file, 請到以下網址下載:
s3c2410_touchscreen.patch

patch 檔案裡, 所修改的檔案包括:
arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.c
include/asm-arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.h
arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-h1940.c
drivers/input/touchscreen/Kconfig
drivers/input/touchscreen/Makefile
drivers/input/touchscreen/s3c2410_ts.c
include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/ts.h

之後再調整以下檔案, 就大功告成了.
arch/arm/mach-s3c2440/mach-smdk2440.c
arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/devs.c
arch/arm/plat-s3c24xx/s3c244x.c

下載重新編譯的 kernel, 啟動後的信息如下:

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux........................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.25 (armdev@test.intra.wizign.com) (gcc version 4.1.2) #14 Tue Dec 9 15:23:52 CST 2008
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SBZ2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C244X: core 399.651 MHz, memory 133.217 MHz, peripheral 66.608 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (2.116 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw noinitrd console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc nfsroot=192.168.1.12:/vdisk/armdev_fs ip=192.168.1.30:192.168.1.12:192.168f
irq: clearing pending ext status 00000080
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt d8d2, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 0000170f
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 61184KB available (3044K code, 508K data, 144K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 152 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
fuse init (API version 7.9)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.30
eth0: dm9000 at c485e300,c4860304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b (chip)
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
BAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 7ns Twrph0=4 30ns, Twrph1=1 7ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 2 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00200000 : "Kernel"
0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root partition"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
s3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loaded
input: s3c2410 TouchScreen as /class/input/input0
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 378 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
logger: created 64K log 'log_main'
logger: created 64K log 'log_events'
logger: created 64K log 'log_radio'
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.30, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,
host=android, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=192.168.1.12, rootserver=192.168.1.12, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.12
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.12
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Freeing init memory: 144K
--------mount /proc as proc
--------mount /sys as sysfs
--------mount /dev/shm as tmpfs
init started: BusyBox v1.12.1 (2008-11-25 00:32:40 CST)
starting pid 784, tty '': '/etc/rc.d/startup'
--------start mdev
--------mount tmpfs
OK
--------mount devpts
OK
Setting system clock: hwclock: can't open '/dev/misc/rtc': No such file or directory
FAIL
Setting hostname: OK
Cleaning up system: OK
Setting up interface lo: OK
Running start scripts.
Starting syslogd: syslogd: invalid number '80kb'
FAIL
Starting klogd: OK
Setting up interface eth0: OK
starting pid 805, tty '': '-/bin/login'
android login: root
Jan 1 00:00:18 login[805]: root login on 'console'
EMB#

File system 掛載成功 - 移植 Linux kernel 2.6.25 (Android 版本) 到 SAMSUNG S3C2440A

2008-11-26T15:11:00.002+08:00

之前 linux kernel 執行到

Freeing init memory: 140K

就停住了, 經測試之後, 發現是 cross-compiled gcc 的問題.

　　SAMSUNG S3C2440A 的 ARM core 是 ARM920T, 所以重新建制 Generic arm, little endian 版本的 cross-compiled gcc, 問題就解決了.

以下成功啟動 Linux 的過程:

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux........................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.25 (armdev@test.intra.wizign.com) (gcc version 4.1.2) #3 Tue Nov 25 01:55:06 CST 2008
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SBZ2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C244X: core 399.651 MHz, memory 133.217 MHz, peripheral 66.608 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (2.116 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw noinitrd console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc nfsroot=192.168.1.12:/vdisk/armdev_fs ip=192.168.1.30:192.168.1.12:1
92.168.1.1:255.255.255.0:android:eth0:off
irq: clearing pending ext status 00000080
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt d8d2, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 0000170f
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 61184KB available (3040K code, 507K data, 140K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 152 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
fuse init (API version 7.9)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.30
eth0: dm9000 at c485e300,c4860304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b (chip)
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
BAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 7ns Twrph0=4 30ns, Twrph1=1 7ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 2 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00200000 : "Kernel"
0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root partition"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 378 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
logger: created 64K log 'log_main'
logger: created 64K log 'log_events'
logger: created 64K log 'log_radio'
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.30, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,
host=android, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=192.168.1.12, rootserver=192.168.1.12, rootpath=
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.12
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.12
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
Freeing init memory: 140K
--------mount /proc as proc
--------mount /sys as sysfs
init started: BusyBox v1.12.1 (2008-11-25 00:32:40 CST)
starting pid 777, tty '': '/etc/rc.d/startup'
mkdir: cannot create directory '/dev/pts': File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory '/dev/shm': File exists
--------start mdev
--------mount tmpfs
OK
--------mount devpts
mount: mounting devpts on /dev/pts failed: No such file or directory
FAIL
Setting system clock: hwclock: can't open '/dev/misc/rtc': No such file or directory
FAIL
Setting hostname: OK
Cleaning up system: OK
Setting up interface lo: OK
Running start scripts.
Starting syslogd: syslogd: invalid number '80kb'
FAIL
Starting klogd: OK
Setting up interface eth0: OK
starting pid 800, tty '': '-/bin/login'
android login: root
ash: id -u: bad number
# uname -a
Linux android 2.6.25 #3 Tue Nov 25 01:55:06 CST 2008 armv4tl unknown
# hostname
android

Linux 筆記

2008-11-23T10:26:00.003+08:00

移植 Linux kernel 2.6.25 (Android 版本) 到 SAMSUNG S3C2440A

2008-11-19T10:28:00.003+08:00

有趣! 上次移植 android 到 TI Davinci DM355 沒成功.

這次移植 android 到 SAMSUNG S3C2440A 的狀況還不錯!

現在已經可以正常啟動 kernel, 接下來計畫進行的工作有:

掛載檔案系統 (目前只能 ping 到 OS, 確定作業系統已經正常運作)
調整顯示介面和一些硬體驅動程式
移植 Android 的作業環境和 demo APs
開發應用程式

以下描述的建置過程只是基本設定, 對於調整的細節, 必須參考硬體開發板的相關規格作設定, 一些好的參考資料如下:

linux-2.6.26内核移植到S3C2440平台
linux-2.6.25内核移植到S3C2440平台
移植内核2.6.24.4到S3C2440
《Linux系统移植》

移植過程簡述如下:

硬體 SAMSUNG S3C2440A
Linux kernel Android version 2.6.25.
Cross compiled GCC 以及基本的作業系統建制, 請參考
Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch - Embedded (Version SVN-0.0.1-20080109-arm).

() Busybox-1.12.1 - 作業環境使用工作

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/busybox-1.12.1.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.12.1
patch -Np1 -i ../busybox-1.12.1-fixes-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../busybox-1.12.1-iptunnel_headers-1.patch
make defconfig

BUSYBOX_OPTIONS="CONFIG_DMALLOC CONFIG_BUILD_AT_ONCE CONFIG_BUILD_LIBBUSYBOX
CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_NONE CONFIG_LOCALE_SUPPORT CONFIG_TFTP CONFIG_FTPGET
CONFIG_FTPPUT CONFIG_IPCALC CONFIG_TFTP CONFIG_HUSH CONFIG_LASH
CONFIG_MSH CONFIG_INETD CONFIG_DPKG CONFIG_RPM2CPIO CONFIG_RPM
CONFIG_FOLD CONFIG_LOGNAME CONFIG_OD CONFIG_CRONTAB CONFIG_UUDECODE
CONFIG_UUENCODE CONFIG_SULOGIN CONFIG_DC CONFIG_DEBUG_YANK_SUSv2
CONFIG_DEBUG_INIT CONFIG_DEBUG_CROND_OPTION CONFIG_FEATURE_UDHCP_DEBUG
CONFIG_TASKSET CONFIG_CHATTR CONFIG_FSCK CONFIG_LSATTR CONFIG_CHPST
CONFIG_SETUIDGID CONFIG_ENVUIDGID CONFIG_ENVDIR CONFIG_SOFTLIMIT
CONFIG_FEATURE_2_4_MODULES"
for config in $BUSYBOX_OPTIONS; do
cp .config{,.orig}
sed -e "s:${config}=y:${config}=n:" .config.orig > .config
done
BUSYBOX_OPTIONS="CONFIG_FEATURE_SH_IS_ASH CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_VERBOSE CONFIG_FEATURE_TRACEROUTE_SOURCE_ROUTE"
for config in $BUSYBOX_OPTIONS; do
cp .config{,.orig}
sed -e "s:# ${config} is not set:${config}=y:" .config.orig > .config
done

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE="${ARM_TARGET}-"
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE="${ARM_TARGET}-" CONFIG_PREFIX="${ARMDEV}" install

cp examples/depmod.pl ${ARMDEV}/cross-tools/bin
chmod 755 ${ARMDEV}/cross-tools/bin/depmod.pl

() Ext2 - 檔案系統工具

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -zxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/e2fsprogs-1.39.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.39
mkdir -v build
cd build
CC="${CC} -Os" ../configure --build=${ARM_HOST} --host=${ARM_TARGET} --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefix="" --with-cc="${CC} -Os" --with-linker=${LD}
make
make DESTDIR=${ARMDEV} install
make DESTDIR=${ARMDEV} install-libs

() Iana-Etc-2.20 - 網路服務和通訊協定

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/iana-etc-2.20.tar.bz2
cd iana-etc-2.20
make
make DESTDIR=${ARMDEV} install

() Zlib-1.2.3 0 - 壓縮和解壓縮程式

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -zxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/zlib-1.2.3-DESTDIR-1.patch
cp configure{,.orig}
sed -e 's/-O3/-Os/g' configure.orig > configure

CC="${CC}" ./configure --prefix=/usr --shared
make
make DESTDIR=${ARMDEV} install
mv -v ${ARMDEV}/usr/lib/libz.so.* ${ARMDEV}/lib
ln -svf ../../lib/libz.so.1 ${ARMDEV}/usr/lib/libz.so

() 建立密碼保護機制

echo "Create /etc/shadow file"
cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/shadow << "EOF"
root:$1$BQY1.ACn$rvcsFmggQFH.jyCD/X/NV1:13553:0:99999:7:::
bin:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
daemon:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
adm:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
lp:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
mail:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
news:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
uucp:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
operator:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
postmaster:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
nobody:x:13553:0:99999:7:::
EOF

() cramfs-1.1 - 建立 file system 的工具

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -zxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/cramfs-1.1.tar.gz
cd cramfs-1.1
make

$ su
# cp mkcramfs /usr/bin
# cp cramfsck /usr/bin

() JFFS2 - 管理 Flash 記憶體的 file system

cd ${ARMDEV}/sources
cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.infradead.org:/home/cvs login #password: anoncvs
cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.infradead.org:/home/cvs co mtd
cd mtd/util/
make clean
make
cp mkfs.jffs /sbin
cp mkfs.jffs2 /sbin

() /etc/fstab

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab

# Help information
# man 5 fstab

# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order

/dev/ram / ext2 defaults 1 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0
shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
none /proc/bus/usb usbdevfs defaults 0 0

# End /etc/fstab
EOF

() Linux-2.6.25 (android version)

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/linux-2.6.25-android-1.0_r1.tar.gz
mv kernel.git linux-android-2.6.25
cd linux-android-2.6.25
make mrproper

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${ARM_TARGET}- s3c2410_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${ARM_TARGET}- gconfig

以下的設定只適合本人的開發板, 僅提供參考
Device Drivers
Block Devices BLK_DEV
RAM block device support BLK_DEV_RAM
(2) Default number of RAM disks BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT
(41984) Default RAM disk size (kbytes) BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE
(1024) Default RAM disk block size (bytes) BLK_DEV_RAM_BLOCKSIZE

File systems
Kernel automounter support AUTOFS_FS
kernel automounter version 4 support AUTOFS4_FS
Filesystem in Userspace support FUSE_FS
Pseudo filesystems
/dev/ file system support DEVFS_FS
Virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) TMPFS
Userspace-driven configuration filesystem CONFIGFS_FS
Miscellaneous filesystems
YAFFS2 file system support YAFFS_FS
512 byte / page devices YAFFS_YAFFS1
2048 byte / page devices YAFFS_YAFFS2
Network File Systems NETWORK_FILESYSTEMS
NFS file system support NFS_FS
Provide NFSv3 client support NFS_V3
Root file system on NFS ROOT_NFS
Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support JFFS2_FS
JFFS2 debugging verbosity (0 = quiet, 2 = noisy) JFFS2_FS_DEBUG
JFFS2 write-buffering support JFFS2_FS_WRITEBUFFER
Advanced compression options for JFFS2 JFFS2_COMPRESSION_OPTIONS
JFFS2 ZLIB compression support JFFS2_ZLIB
JFFS2 RTIME compression support JFFS2_RTIME
JFFS2 RUBIN compression support JFFS2_RUBIN

Boot options
Default kernel command string CMDLINE {command}
{command}
root=/dev/hda1 rw rootfstype=cramfs noinitrd init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200 mem=64M

() /linuxrc

cd ${ARMDEV}
mv linuxrc linuxrc.busybox
cat > ${ARMDEV}/linuxrc << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh

echo "mount /etc as ramfs"
/bin/mount -n -t ramfs ramfs /etc
/bin/cp -a /mnt/etc/* /etc

# re-create the /etc/mtab entries
echo "re-create the /etc/mtab entries"
/bin/mount -f -t cramfs -o remount,ro /dev/mtdblock1 /

# mount some file system
echo "--------munt /dev/shm as tmpfs"
/bin/mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /dev/shm

# mount /proc as proc file system
echo "--------mount /proc as proc"
/bin/mount -n -t proc none /proc

# mount /sys as sysfs file system
echo "--------mount /sys as sysfs
/bin/mount -n -t sysfs none /sys

#input command to LCD
#sh < /dev/ttyS0

exec /sbin/init
EOF

chmod 775 ${ARMDEV}/linuxrc

() /etc/inetd.conf

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/inetd.conf << "EOF"
#
telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/telnetd
EOF

() CLFS-Bootscripts-1.0-pre4

cd ${ARMDEV}/build
tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/clfs-embedded-bootscripts-1.0-pre4.tar.bz2
cd clfs-embedded-bootscripts
make DESTDIR=${ARMDEV} install

() /etc/mdev.conf

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/mdev.conf<< "EOF"
# /etc/mdev/conf
SLEEP=10

# Symlinks:
# Syntax: %s -> %s

MAKEDEV -> ../sbin/MAKEDEV
/proc/core -> kcore
fd -> /proc/self/fd
mcdx -> mcdx0
radio -> radio0
ram -> ram1
sbpcd -> sbpcd0
sr0 -> scd0
sr1 -> scd1
sr10 -> scd10
sr11 -> scd11
sr12 -> scd12
sr13 -> scd13
sr14 -> scd14
sr15 -> scd15
sr16 -> scd16
sr2 -> scd2
sr3 -> scd3
sr4 -> scd4
sr5 -> scd5
sr6 -> scd6
sr7 -> scd7
sr8 -> scd8
sr9 -> scd9
stderr -> fd/2
stdin -> fd/0
stdout -> fd/1

# Remove these devices, if using a headless system
# You will see an error mdev: Bad line 35
vbi -> vbi0
vcs -> vcs0
vcsa -> vcsa0
video -> video0
# Stop Remove for headless system

# Devices:
# Syntax: %s %d:%d %s
# devices user:group mode

null 0:0 777
zero 0:0 666

urandom 0:0 444

console 0:5 0600
fd0 0:11 0660
hdc 0:6 0660
kmem 0:9 000
mem 0:9 0640
port 0:9 0640
ptmx 0:5 0660

sda* 0:6 0660
sdb* 0:6 0660
hda* 0:6 0660
hdb* 0:6 0660

tty 0:5 0660
tty0* 0:5 0660
tty1* 0:5 0660
tty2* 0:5 0660
tty3* 0:5 0660
tty4* 0:5 0660
tty5* 0:5 0660
tty6* 0:5 0660

ttyS* 0:20 640
EOF

() /etc/profile

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/profile<< "EOF"
# /etc/profile

# Set the initial path
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin

if [ 'id -u' -eq 0 ] ; then
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
unset HISTFILE
fi

# Setup some environment variables.
export USER='id -un'
export LOGNAME=$USER
export HOSTNAME='/bin/hostname'
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PAGER='/bin/more '
export EDITOR='/bin/vi'
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc

# End /etc/profile
EOF

() Creating the /etc/inputrc File

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the
# value contained inside the 1st argument to the
# readline specific functions

"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc
EOF

() /etc/inittab

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/inittab<< "EOF"
# /etc/inittab

::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/startup

::respawn:/usr/sbin/telnetd

tty1::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty1
tty2::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty2
tty3::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty3
tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4
tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5
tty6::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6

# Put a getty on the serial line (for a terminal)
# uncomment this line if your using a serial console
#::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 115200 vt100
::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttySAC0 115200 vt100
#T0:12345:respawn:/sbin/getty -n -l /usr/local/sbin/autologin -L /dev/tts/1 115200 vt100

::shutdown:/etc/rc.d/shutdown
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
EOF

() Setting Hostname

echo "android" > ${ARMDEV}/etc/HOSTNAME

() /etc/hosts File

Has network card

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)

127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.30 android.wizign.com android

# End /etc/hosts (network card version)
EOF

Without network card

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)

127.0.0.1 dpf-dev.wizign.com dpf-dev localhost

# End /etc/hosts (no network card version)
EOF

() Configuring the network Script

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/network.conf << "EOF"
# /etc/network.conf
# Global Networking Configuration
# interface configuration is in /etc/network.d/

# set to yes to enable networking
NETWORKING=yes

# set to yes to set default route to gateway
USE_GATEWAY=no

# set to gateway IP address
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
EOF

() creates a sample interface.eth0 file for the eth0 device:

mkdir ${ARMDEV}/etc/network.d &&
cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/network.d/interface.eth0 << "EOF"
# Network Interface Configuration

# network device name
INTERFACE=eth0

# set to yes to use DHCP instead of the settings below
DHCP=no

# IP address
IPADDRESS=192.168.1.30

# netmask
NETMASK=255.255.255.0

# broadcast address
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
EOF

() Creating the ${ARMDEV}/etc/resolv.conf File

cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain wizign.com
nameserver 168.95.1.1
nameserver 168.95.192.1

# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

() 複製乾淨的作業系統, 準備移植到開發板

su -

if [ ! -d /mnt/armdev_fs ]; then
mkdir /mnt/armdev_fs
fi
mount --bind /vdisk/armdev_fs /mnt/armdev_fs

export ARMDEV="/mnt/armdev"
export ARMDEV_FS="/mnt/armdev_fs"

for dir in $(ls "${ARMDEV}"); do
if [ "$dir" == 'sources' ]; then
echo "Skip $dir"
elif [ "$dir" == 'build' ]; then
echo "Skip $dir"
elif [ "$dir" == 'cross-tools' ]; then
echo "Skip $dir"
else
cp -avr ""${ARMDEV}"/$dir" "${ARMDEV_FS}/."
fi
done

rm -rfv ${ARMDEV_FS}/usr/src/*
rm -rfv ${ARMDEV_FS}/usr/include
rm -rfv ${ARMDEV_FS}/usr/man
rm -rfv ${ARMDEV_FS}/usr/share/man

FILES="'ls ${ARMDEV_FS}/lib/*.a ${ARMDEV_FS}/usr/lib/*.a'"
for file in $FILES; do
rm -fv $file
done

chown -Rv root:root ${ARMDEV_FS}
chgrp -v utmp ${ARMDEV_FS}/var/run/utmp ${ARMDEV_FS}/var/log/lastlog
mknod -m 0666 ${ARMDEV_FS}/dev/null c 1 3
mknod -m 0600 ${ARMDEV_FS}/dev/console c 5 1

如果是用 cramfs
mkcramfs ${ARMDEV_FS} /mnt/rootfs.cramfs
cp /mnt/rootfs.cramfs /var/lib/tftpboot/ramdisk-android-2.6.25.cramfs

如果是用 jffs2
mkfs.jffs2 -d ${ARMDEV_FS} -p -s 0x200 -e 0x4000 -n -l -U -o ramdisk.jffs2
cp /mnt/ramdisk.jffs2 /var/lib/tftpboot/ramdisk-android-2.6.25.jffs2

() 以下是 shell script 檔案, 用來建 RAM disk

cat > /mnt/mkramdisk.sh << "EOF"
#! /bin/bash

# Remove files
echo "remove files"
rm -f ramdisk.img.gz
rm -f ramdisk32.img
rm -f ramdisk.img
rm -fr ramdisk

# Create ramdisk32
echo "create ramdisk32"
cd /mnt
dd if=/dev/zero of=ramdisk32.img bs=1024 count=40960
mke2fs -F -vm0 ramdisk32.img
mkdir ramdisk
mount -o loop ramdisk32.img ramdisk
cd ramdisk/
cp -arv ${ARMDEV_FS}/* .
cd ..
umount ramdisk

# Make ram disk image
echo "make ram disk image"
cp ramdisk32.img ramdisk.img
gzip ramdisk.img
./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip -a 30080000 -e 30080000 -d ramdisk.img.gz -n 'SBZ2440 Ramdisk' ram.img

# copy files
echo "Copy RAM disk file"
cp ram.img /var/lib/tftpboot/ramdisk-android-2.6.25.s
echo "Copy uImage file"
cp ${ARMDEV}/build/linux-android-2.6.25/arch/arm/boot/uImage /var/lib/tftpboot/uImage-android-s3c2440
EOF

() 目前系統啟動的內容如下:

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux........................................................................................................... done, booting the kerne.
Linux version 2.6.25 (armdev@test.intra.wizign.com) (gcc version 4.1.2) #54 Wed Nov 19 09:19:00 CST 2008
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SBZ2440
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C244X: core 399.651 MHz, memory 133.217 MHz, peripheral 66.608 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (2.116 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs rw noinitrd console=ttySAC0,115200 init=/linuxrc nfsroot=192.168.1.12:/vdisk/armdev_fs ip=192.168.1.30:192.168.1.12f
irq: clearing pending ext status 00000080
irq: clearing subpending status 00000003
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
timer tcon=00500000, tcnt d8d2, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 0000170f
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 61184KB available (3040K code, 507K data, 144K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 152 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) �© 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
fuse init (API version 7.9)
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.30
eth0: dm9000 at c485e300,c4860304 IRQ 51 MAC: 08:00:3e:26:0a:5b (chip)
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
BAST NOR-Flash Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=3, 22ns Twrph0=8 60ns, Twrph1=3 22ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 2 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00200000 : "Kernel"
0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root partition"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
S3C24XX RTC, (c) 2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 378 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
logger: created 64K log 'log_main'
logger: created 64K log 'log_events'
logger: created 64K log 'log_radio'
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)
eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
IP-Config: Complete:
device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.30, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,
host=Android, domain=, nis-domain=(none),
bootserver=192.168.1.12, rootserver=192.168.1.12, rootpath=
prepare_namespace() - start
mount_root()
Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.12
Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.12
VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).
prepare_namespace() - end
Freeing init memory: 144K

() 用 ping 測試系統是否已經啟動

$ ping 192.168.1.30
PING 192.168.1.30 (192.168.1.30) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.30: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.417 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.30: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.384 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.30: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.381 ms

Source code editor - kscope

2008-11-15T00:32:00.000+08:00

如果不習慣 emacs 的操作方式, 可以選擇 kscope 視窗程式來進行 source code 的編輯.
KScope 是 Cscope 在 KDE 環境下的 source code 編輯器

操作方式, 以下做簡略的說明:

開啟 project:

加入相關的 source code 列表 (選 tree button):

開啟所要編輯的 source code 檔案:

尋找 function 的定義位置:

用關聯圖顯示特定 function 和其他 functions 之間的呼叫和被呼叫關係

安裝 kscope 的方式如下:

Fedora Core 9:

# yum install kscope

Ubuntu 8.10:

# apt-get install kscope

Source code editor - emacs + ecb

2008-11-15T00:14:00.000+08:00

當要瀏覽, 搜尋, 和編輯像 linux kernel 這樣複雜龐大的 source code, 一般的編輯器並不是很理想. 好用的作法之ㄧ是使用 emacs + ECB(Emacs Code Browse)

使用 ECB 可以提供以下的功能視窗:

目錄樹的視窗
Source code 檔案列表的視窗
顯示目前開啟檔案的 functions, classes, method, 和 ....
開啟過檔案的歷史紀錄
以及一些便利的操作功能

啟動的方式是在開啟 emacs 之後, 按{Alt+X} 鍵後, 用鍵盤輸入 ecb-activate{Enter}, 接著開啟準備編輯的 source code 檔案, 就可以看到功能視窗的內容. 如下圖所示:

安裝 emacs 和 ecb 的方式如下:

Fedora Core 9:

# yum install emacs ecb

Ubuntu 8.10:

# apt-get install emacs ecb
或者是
# apt-get install emacs22 ecb

如果是想安裝 emacs for MS Windows 的版本, 請到 emacs 網站下載檔案. 再到 ecb 的網站參考所需的相關設定即可.

Unfinished task - porting android linux-2.6.23 to TI Davinci DM355

2008-11-05T09:52:00.000+08:00

This is an unfinished task, I post it for sharing my experience of encountered problems while I am porting linux kernel to a new hardware device.

Target device is TMS320DM355 DVEVM.
The linux kernel is android version 2.6.23.
Cross compiled GCC is built by myself, the study source is Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch - Embedded (Version SVN-0.0.1-20080109-arm).

A good reference document about porting linux kernel is "Porting the Linux Kernel to a New ARM Platform", Wookey and Tak-Shing, Aleph One

The last encountered problem is that the kernel can not boot from DVEVM board, the display information is as following:

2048 MiB
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
ARM Clock :- 216MHz
DDR Clock :- 171MHz
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
BOOTP broadcast 1
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.1.101
TFTP from server 192.168.1.12; our IP address is 192.168.1.101
Filename 'uImage-android'.
Load address: 0x80700000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
####################
done
Bytes transferred = 1764160 (1aeb40 hex)
## Booting image at 80700000 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.23
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 1764096 Bytes = 1.7 MB
Load Address: 80008000
Entry Point: 80008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux.................................................................................................................. done, booting the kernel.

After my basic analysis, it seems that it is related to the process of enabling the MMU, the dependent file is arch/arm/kernel/head.S; other possible files are arch/arm/mm/proc-arm926.S and arch/arm/mach-davinci/board-evm.c.

The most files that I have modified are listed as following:

arch/arm/tools/mach-types
arch/arm/Kconfig
arch/arm/Makefile
arch/arm/kernel/head.S
arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S
arch/arm/kernel/debug.S
arch/arm/mm/Kconfig
arch/arm/mach-davinci/Kconfig
arch/arm/mach-davinci/Makefile
arch/arm/mach-davinci/io.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/irq.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/time.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/clock.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/serial.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/gpio.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/psc.c
arch/arm/mach-davinci/board-evm.c
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/gpio.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/io.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/dma.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/memory.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/system.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/timex.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/hardware.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/cpu.h
include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/uncompress.h
include/asm-arm/mach/arch.h
include/asm-arm/setup.h
include/asm-arm/procinfo.h

The following context describes the modified source code in each files:

### arch/arm/tools/mach-types ###

# machine_is_xxx CONFIG_xxxx MACH_TYPE_xxx number
#
anakin ARCH_ANAKIN ANAKIN 57
davinci_dm355_evm MACH_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM DAVINCI_DM355_EVM 1381

### arch/arm/Kconfig ###

config LEDS

depends on ARCH_CDB89712 || ARCH_CO285 || ARCH_EBSA110 || \
ARCH_EBSA285 || ARCH_IMX || ARCH_INTEGRATOR || \
ARCH_LUBBOCK || MACH_MAINSTONE || ARCH_NETWINDER || \
ARCH_OMAP || ARCH_P720T || ARCH_PXA_IDP || \
ARCH_SA1100 || ARCH_SHARK || ARCH_VERSATILE || \
ARCH_AT91 || MACH_TRIZEPS4 || ARCH_DAVINCI || \
ARCH_KS8695 || MACH_DAVINCI_EVM

config LEDS_TIMER

bool "Timer LED" if (!ARCH_CDB89712 && !ARCH_OMAP) || \
OMAP_OSK_MISTRAL || MACH_OMAP_H2 \
|| MACH_OMAP_PERSEUS2 || MACH_DAVINCI_EVM
depends on LEDS || MACH_DAVINCI_EVM

if PCMCIA || ARCH_CLPS7500 || ARCH_IOP32X || ARCH_IOP33X || ARCH_IXP4XX \
|| ARCH_L7200 || ARCH_LH7A40X || ARCH_PXA || ARCH_RPC \
|| ARCH_S3C2410 || ARCH_SA1100 || ARCH_SHARK || FOOTBRIDGE \
|| ARCH_IXP23XX || ARCH_DAVINCI
source "drivers/ide/Kconfig"
endif

### arch/arm/Makefile ###

CPPFLAGS_vmlinux.lds = -DTEXT_OFFSET=$(TEXT_OFFSET)

machine-$(CONFIG_ARCH_DAVINCI) := davinci

#Default value
head-y := arch/arm/kernel/head$(MMUEXT).o arch/arm/kernel/init_task.o
textofs-y := 0x00008000

### arch/arm/kernel/head.S ###

/* line 81~93 */

.type stext, %function
ENTRY(stext)
msr cpsr_c, #PSR_F_BIT | PSR_I_BIT | SVC_MODE @ ensure svc mode
@ and irqs disabled
mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo
movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a'
bl __vet_atags
bl __create_page_tables

# comment
__vet_atags:arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S
__create_page_tables

### arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S ###

/* line 80~114 */

.type __error_a, %function
__error_a:
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
mov r4, r1 @ preserve machine ID
adr r0, str_a1
bl printascii
mov r0, r4
bl printhex8
adr r0, str_a2
bl printascii
adr r3, 3f
ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6} @ get machine desc list
sub r4, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
add r5, r5, r4 @ convert virt addresses to
add r6, r6, r4 @ physical address space
1: ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
bl printhex8
mov r0, #'\t'
bl printch
ldr r0, [r5, #MACHINFO_NAME] @ get machine name
add r0, r0, r4
bl printascii
mov r0, #'\n'
bl printch
add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
cmp r5, r6
blo 1b
adr r0, str_a3
bl printascii
b __error
str_a1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x"
str_a2: .asciz ").\n\nAvailable machine support:\n\nID (hex)\tNAME\n"
str_a3: .asciz "\nPlease check your kernel config and/or bootloader.\n"
.align
#endif

### arch/arm/kernel/debug.S ###

Debug Serial Output
addruart, rx - Provide UART address in \rx
senduart rd, rx - Send character in \rd (@ address \rx)
busyuart rd, rx - Wait until UART is done sending
waituart rd, rx - Wait for Clear to Send

### arch/arm/mm/Kconfig ###

# ARM926T
config CPU_ARM926T
bool "Support ARM926T processor"
depends on ARCH_GOLDFISH || ARCH_INTEGRATOR || ARCH_VERSATILE_PB || MACH_VERSATILE_AB || ARCH_OMAP730 || ARCH_OMAP16XX || MACH_REALVIEW_EB || ARCH_PNX4008 || ARCH_NETX || CPU_S3C2412 || ARCH_AT91SAM9260 || ARCH_AT91SAM9261 || ARCH_AT91SAM9263 || ARCH_AT91SAM9RL || ARCH_NS9XXX || ARCH_DAVINCI
default y if ARCH_VERSATILE_PB || MACH_VERSATILE_AB || ARCH_OMAP730 || ARCH_OMAP16XX || ARCH_PNX4008 || ARCH_NETX || CPU_S3C2412 || ARCH_AT91SAM9260 || ARCH_AT91SAM9261 || ARCH_AT91SAM9263 || ARCH_AT91SAM9RL || ARCH_NS9XXX || ARCH_DAVINCI
select CPU_32v5
select CPU_ABRT_EV5TJ
select CPU_CACHE_VIVT
select CPU_CP15_MMU
select CPU_COPY_V4WB if MMU
select CPU_TLB_V4WBI if MMU
select ARM_THUMB
help
This is a variant of the ARM920. It has slightly different
instruction sequences for cache and TLB operations. Curiously,
there is no documentation on it at the ARM corporate website.

Say Y if you want support for the ARM926T processor.
Otherwise, say N.

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/Kconfig ###

config ARCH_DAVINCI355
default n
bool "DaVinci DM355 based system"

comment "DaVinci Board Type"

config MACH_DAVINCI_EVM
bool "TI DaVinci EVM"
default y
depends on ARCH_DAVINCI644x
help
Configure this option to specify the whether the board used
for development is a DaVinci EVM

config MACH_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM
bool "TI DM355 EVM"
default n
depends on ARCH_DAVINCI355
help
Configure this option to specify the whether the board used
for development is a DM355 EVM

config DAVINCI_I2C_EXPANDER
bool "TI DaVinci I2C Expander"
default y
depends on ARCH_DAVINCI644x
select I2C_DAVINCI
help
Configure this option to specify whether the board used
has I2C exapnder with ATA, USB, CF.

config DAVINCI_MCBSP
bool
prompt "DaVinci McBSP Driver" if SOUND_DAVINCI=n
depends on ARCH_DAVINCI
default SOUND_DAVINCI
---help---
DaVinci McBSP driver. Auto-enabled by DaVinci sound driver.

comment "DaVinci Options"

config DAVINCI_BLK_DEV_CF
bool "TI DaVinci CF Card Support"
default Y
depends on BLK_DEV_DAVINCI
help
Configure this option to enable CF Card support.

config DM355_NAND_256KB_BLOCKS
bool "NAND chip installed on DM355 EVM has 256KB blocks"
default y
depends on MACH_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM
help
The boot firmware on the DM355 EVM assumes a default partition map
for NAND flash based on erase block offsets. Thus, the partition map
varies based on the size of the erase blocks in the particular NAND
flash component installed on the board. Answer Y here if the NAND
chip (e.g a 16 Gigabit Micron MT29F16G08QAA) installed on your board
has 256KB blocks. Answer N here if the NAND chip (e.g. a 4 Gigabit
Micron MT29F4G08AAA) installed on your board has 128KB blocks.

choice
prompt "Low-level debug console UART"
default DAVINCI_LL_DEBUG_UART0

config DAVINCI_LL_DEBUG_UART0
bool "UART0"

config DAVINCI_LL_DEBUG_UART1
bool "UART1"

endchoice

config DM355_SPI
bool "TI DM355 SPI device"
default y
help
Configure this option to specify whether the board used
has SPI device.

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/Makefile ###

# Common objects
obj-y := time.o irq.o clock.o serial.o io.o id.o psc.o gpio.o mux.o

# Board specific
# obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_DAVINCI_EVM) += board-evm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM) += board-evm.o

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/io.c ###

static struct map_desc davinci_io_desc[] __initdata = {
{
.virtual = IO_VIRT,
.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(IO_PHYS),
.length = IO_SIZE,
.type = MT_DEVICE
},
{
.virtual = DAVINCI_IRAM_VIRT,
.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(DAVINCI_IRAM_BASE),
.length = SZ_16K,
.type = MT_DEVICE
},
};

void __init davinci_map_common_io(void)
{
...

davinci_clk_init();
}

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/irq.c ###

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/time.c ###

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/clock.c ###

#include

int __init davinci_clk_init(void)
{
...

if (cpu_is_davinci_dm355()) {
/*
* FIXME
* We're assuming a 24MHz reference, but the DM355 also
* supports a 36MHz reference.
*/
unsigned long postdiv;

/*
* Read the PLL1 POSTDIV register to determine if the post
* divider is /1 or /2
*/
postdiv = (davinci_readl(DAVINCI_PLL_CNTRL0_BASE + 0x128) & 0x1f) + 1;

fixedrate = 24000000;
armrate = (PLL1_PLLM + 1)*(fixedrate/(16*postdiv));
commonrate = armrate/2;
} else {
...
}
...

}

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/serial.c ###

void __init davinci_serial_init(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct clk *uart_clk;
struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
struct plat_serial8250_port *p;
int uart;
char uart_name[6];

memset(uart_name, 0, sizeof(uart_name));
for (p = dev->platform_data; p && p->flags; p++) {
switch (p->mapbase) {
case DAVINCI_UART0_BASE:
uart = 0;
break;
case DAVINCI_UART1_BASE:
uart = 1;
break;
case DM644X_UART2_BASE:
case DM355_UART2_BASE:
uart = 2;
break;
default:
dev_err(dev,
"Unknown UART base address 0x%08lx\n",
p->mapbase);
continue;
}
sprintf(uart_name, "UART%i", uart);
uart_clk = clk_get(dev, uart_name);
if (IS_ERR(uart_clk))
dev_err(dev, "failed to get %s clock\n", uart_name);
else
clk_enable(uart_clk);
davinci_serial_reset(p);
}
}

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/gpio.c ###

int gpio_interrupt_bank_enable(int gpio)
{
void *__iomem ptr1;
u32 temp = 0;
u32 mask = 0;
u32 gpio_bank;
u32 max_gpio = 0;

if (cpu_is_davinci_dm355())
max_gpio = DM355_NUM_GIOS;
else if (cpu_is_davinci_dm6443())
max_gpio = DM644x_NUM_GIOS;

if (gpio >= max_gpio)
return -EINVAL;
gpio_bank = gpio/16;

ptr1 = (void *__iomem) IO_ADDRESS(DAVINCI_GPIO_BASE + 0x8);
mask = (1 << temp =" __raw_readl(ptr1);" g =" gpio2controller(gpio);" mask =" gpio_mask(gpio);">set_rising);
if (trigger & TRIGGER_FALLING_EDGE)
__raw_writel(mask, &g->set_falling);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(gpio_interrupt_enable);

int gpio_interrupt_disable(unsigned gpio, int trigger)
{
struct gpio_controller *__iomem g = gpio2controller(gpio);
u32 mask;
if (!g)
return -EINVAL;

if (trigger & ~(TRIGGER_RISING_EDGE|TRIGGER_FALLING_EDGE))
return -EINVAL;

mask = gpio_mask(gpio);

if (trigger & TRIGGER_RISING_EDGE)
__raw_writel(mask, &g->clr_rising);
if (trigger & TRIGGER_FALLING_EDGE)
__raw_writel(mask, &g->clr_falling);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(gpio_interrupt_disable);

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/psc.c ###

void __init davinci_psc_init(void)
{
// board_setup_psc() - in DM355
...

davinci_psc_config(DAVINCI_GPSC_ARMDOMAIN, DAVINCI_LPSC_McBSP1, 1);
davinci_psc_config(DAVINCI_GPSC_ARMDOMAIN, DAVINCI_LPSC_SPI, 1);

/* Turn on WatchDog timer LPSC. Needed for RESET to work */
davinci_psc_config(DAVINCI_GPSC_ARMDOMAIN, DAVINCI_LPSC_TIMER2, 1);

davinci_serial_init(&serial_device);
davinci_writel(0x56837210, DAVINCI_VPSS_REGS_BASE + 0x810);
davinci_writel(0x7b3c0004, DAVINCI_VPSS_REGS_BASE + 0x814);

}

### arch/arm/mach-davinci/board-evm.c ###

MACHINE_START(DAVINCI_EVM, "DaVinci DM355 EVM")
/* Maintainer: MontaVista Software */
.phys_io = IO_PHYS,
.io_pg_offst = (io_p2v(IO_PHYS) >> 18) & 0xfffc,
.boot_params = (DAVINCI_DDR_BASE + 0x100),
.map_io = davinci_evm_map_io,
.init_irq = davinci_evm_irq_init,
.timer = &davinci_timer,
.init_machine = davinci_evm_init,
MACHINE_END

static __init void davinci_evm_init(void)
{
davinci_psc_init();

...

platform_add_devices(davinci_evm_devices,
ARRAY_SIZE(davinci_evm_devices));
}

static void __init davinci_evm_map_io(void)
{
davinci_map_common_io();

// start - montavista - 2008/04/18
#ifdef CONFIG_KGDB_8250
early_serial_setup((struct uart_port *)&serial_platform_data[kgdb8250_ttyS]);
kgdb8250_add_platform_port(kgdb8250_ttyS, &serial_platform_data[kgdb8250_ttyS]);
#endif
/* Initialize the DaVinci EVM board settigs */
board_init ();
// end - montavista - 2008/04/18
}

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/ ###

Add files as following:
davinci_aew.h
davinci_aew_hw.h
davinci_af.h
davinci_af_hw.h
davinci_previewer.h
davinci_previewer_hw.h
davinci_pwm.h
davinci_resizer.h
davinci_resizer_hw.h
dm355_aew.h
dm355_aew_hw.h
dm355_af.h
dm355_af_hw.h
dm355_ipipe.h
dm355_ipipe_hw.h

edma.h

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/gpio.h ###

extern int gpio_interrupt_bank_enable(int gpio);
extern int gpio_interrupt_enable(unsigned gpio, int trigger);
extern int gpio_interrupt_disable(unsigned gpio, int trigger);

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/io.h ###

/*
difference
android dm355
IO_PHYS 01c00000 01c00000
IO_VIRT fec00000 e1000000
IO_SIZE 00400000 00400000
IO_OFFSET fd000000 df400000
*/

#define IO_PHYS 0x01c00000
#define IO_VIRT 0xe1000000
#define IO_SIZE 0x00400000
#define io_p2v(pa) (((pa) & (IO_SIZE-1)) + IO_VIRT)
#define io_v2p(va) (((va) & (IO_SIZE-1)) + IO_PHYS)
#define IO_ADDRESS(x) io_p2v(x)

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/dma.h ###

#include
#include

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/memory.h ###

#define DAVINCI_IRAM_BASE 0x00008000 /* ARM Internal RAM(Data) */
#define DAVINCI_IRAM_VIRT 0xe1400000 /* after 4M of IO space (io.h) */

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/system.h ###

static void arch_idle(void)
{
if (!hlt_counter) {
unsigned long flags;
local_irq_save(flags);
if (!need_resched())
cpu_do_idle();
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
}

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/timex.h ###

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_DAVINCI355
#define CLOCK_TICK_RATE 24000000
#else
#define CLOCK_TICK_RATE 27000000
#endif

extern void davinci_watchdog_reset(void);
extern cycles_t davinci_get_cycles(void);
static inline cycles_t get_cycles(void)
{
return davinci_get_cycles();
}

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/hardware.h ###

#define DAVINCI_UART0_BASE (0x01C20000)
#define DAVINCI_UART1_BASE (0x01C20400)

#define DAVINCI_TIMER0_BASE (0x01C21400)
#define DAVINCI_TIMER1_BASE (0x01C21800)
#define DAVINCI_WDOG_BASE (0x01C21C00)

#define DAVINCI_ARM_INTC_BASE (0x01C48000)

#define DM644X_ASYNC_EMIF_CNTRL_BASE (0x01E00000)
#define DM644X_UART2_BASE (0x01C20800)

#define DM355_MMC1_BASE (0x01E00000)
#define DM355_UART2_BASE (0x01E06000)
#define DM355_ASYNC_EMIF_CNTRL_BASE (0x01E10000)
#define DM355_MMC0_BASE (0x01E11000)

#define DAVINCI_MCBSP0_BASE (0x01E02000)
#define DAVINCI_MCBSP1_BASE (0x01E04000)

/* Power and Sleep Controller (PSC) Domains */
#define DAVINCI_GPSC_ARMDOMAIN 0
#define DAVINCI_GPSC_DSPDOMAIN 1

#define DAVINCI_LPSC_VPSSMSTR 0 // VPSS Master LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_VPSSSLV 1 // VPSS Slave LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TPCC 2 // TPCC LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TPTC0 3 // TPTC0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TPTC1 4 // TPTC1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_EMAC 5 // EMAC LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_EMAC_WRAPPER 6 // EMAC WRAPPER LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_MDIO 7 // MDIO LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_MMC_SD1 7 // MMC_SD1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_IEEE1394 8 // IEEE1394 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_McBSP1 8 // McBSP1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_USB 9 // USB LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_ATA 10 // ATA LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_PWM3 10 // PWM3 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_VLYNQ 11 // VLYNQ LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_UHPI 12 // UHPI LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_DDR_EMIF 13 // DDR_EMIF LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_AEMIF 14 // AEMIF LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_MMC_SD0 15 // MMC_SD0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_MEMSTICK 16 // MEMSTICK LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_McBSP0 17 // McBSP0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_I2C 18 // I2C LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_UART0 19 // UART0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_UART1 20 // UART1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_UART2 21 // UART2 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_SPI 22 // SPI LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_PWM0 23 // PWM0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_PWM1 24 // PWM1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_PWM2 25 // PWM2 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_GPIO 26 // GPIO LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TIMER0 27 // TIMER0 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TIMER1 28 // TIMER1 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_TIMER2 29 // TIMER2 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_SYSTEM_SUBSYS 30 // SYSTEM SUBSYSTEM LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_ARM 31 // ARM LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_SCR2 32 // SCR2 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_SCR3 33 // SCR3 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_SCR4 34 // SCR4 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_CROSSBAR 35 // CROSSBAR LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_CFG27 36 // CFG27 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_CFG3 37 // CFG3 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_CFG5 38 // CFG5 LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_GEM 39 // GEM LPSC
#define DAVINCI_LPSC_IMCOP 40 // IMCOP LPSC

/* NOR Flash base address set to CS0 by default */
#define DAVINCI_CS0_PHYS 0x02000000

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/cpu.h ###

#ifndef _ASM_ARCH_CPU_H
#define _ASM_ARCH_CPU_H

extern unsigned int system_rev;

#define GET_DAVINCI_CPU_TYPE ((system_rev >> 16) & 0xffff)

#define IS_DAVINCI_CPU(type, id) \
static inline int cpu_is_davinci_dm ##type (void) \
{ \
return (GET_DAVINCI_CPU_TYPE == (id)) ? 1 : 0; \
}

/* following generates the cpu_is_davinci_dmxxx */
IS_DAVINCI_CPU(6443, 0x6443) /* cpu_is_davinci_dm6443() */
IS_DAVINCI_CPU(6467, 0x6467) /* cpu_is_davinci_dm6467() */
/*IS_DAVINCI_CPU(355, 0x350)*/ /* cpu_is_davinci_dm355() */
IS_DAVINCI_CPU(355, 0x355) /* cpu_is_davinci_dm355() */

#endif

### include/asm-arm/arch-davinci/uncompress.h ###

#ifdef CONFIG_DAVINCI_LL_DEBUG_UART1
#define DAVINCI_UART_BASE DAVINCI_UART1_BASE
#else
#define DAVINCI_UART_BASE DAVINCI_UART0_BASE
#endif

typedef struct uart_registers_t {
unsigned int rbr_thr;
unsigned int ier;
unsigned int iir_fcr;
unsigned int lcr;
unsigned int mcr;
unsigned int lsr;
unsigned int msr;
unsigned int scr;
unsigned int dll;
unsigned int dlh;
unsigned int pid1;
unsigned int pid2;
unsigned int pwremu;
} uart_registers;

/* Initialize Serial port */
static void do_nothing(void)
{
unsigned int counter;
for (counter = 0; counter < uartregs =" (volatile">lsr & 0x20) {
/* Do Nothing */
}
}

static void serial_putc(const char c)
{
volatile uart_registers *uartregs;

uartregs = (volatile uart_registers *) DAVINCI_UART_BASE;
if (c == '\n')
serial_putc('\r');
uartregs->rbr_thr = c;

serial_waitfortxcharcomplete();
}

/* Send string on UART */
static void putstr(const char *str)
{
volatile uart_registers *uartregs;

uartregs = (volatile uart_registers *) DAVINCI_UART_BASE;
while (*str != '\0') {
serial_putc(*str);
str++;
}
}

### include/asm-arm/mach/arch.h ###

struct machine_desc {
/*
* Note! The first four elements are used
* by assembler code in head-armv.S
*/
unsigned int nr; /* architecture number */
unsigned int phys_io; /* start of physical io */
unsigned int io_pg_offst; /* byte offset for io
* page tabe entry */

const char *name; /* architecture name */
unsigned long boot_params; /* tagged list */

unsigned int video_start; /* start of video RAM */
unsigned int video_end; /* end of video RAM */

unsigned int reserve_lp0 :1; /* never has lp0 */
unsigned int reserve_lp1 :1; /* never has lp1 */
unsigned int reserve_lp2 :1; /* never has lp2 */
unsigned int soft_reboot :1; /* soft reboot */
void (*fixup)(struct machine_desc *,
struct tag *, char **,
struct meminfo *);
void (*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function */
void (*init_irq)(void);
struct sys_timer *timer; /* system tick timer */
void (*init_machine)(void);
};

#define MACHINE_START(_type,_name) \
static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type \
__used \
__attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"))) = { \
.nr = MACH_TYPE_##_type, \
.name = _name,

#define MACHINE_END \
};

static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM
.nr = MACH_TYPE_DAVINCI_DM355_EVM, \
.name = "DaVinci DM355 EVM",

__attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init")))

### include/asm-arm/setup.h ###

#define ATAG_OMAP 0x414f4d50

struct tag_omap {
u8 data[0];
};

### include/asm-arm/procinfo.h ###

#define PROC_INFO_SZ 48

#define HWCAP_SWP 1
#define HWCAP_HALF 2
#define HWCAP_THUMB 4
#define HWCAP_26BIT 8 /* Play it safe */
#define HWCAP_FAST_MULT 16
#define HWCAP_FPA 32
#define HWCAP_VFP 64
#define HWCAP_EDSP 128
#define HWCAP_JAVA 256

自行編譯 Cross-Compiled gcc for ARM

2008-10-30T22:56:00.000+08:00

這是參考 Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch - Embedded (Version SVN-0.0.1-20080109-arm) 的資料, 實際編譯 cross compiled gcc for ARM 的程序.

[Adding the ARMDEV User]

$ su -
# groupadd armdev
# useradd -s /bin/bash -g armdev -m -k /dev/null armdev
# useradd -s /bin/bash -g wizign -m armdev
# passwd armdev
# chown -Rv armdev ${ARMDEV}

[Preparing a New Partition]

# export ARMDEV='/mnt/armdev'
# install -dv ${ARMDEV}
# mkdir /vdisk/arm_disk
# mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}
# mount --bind /vdisk/arm_disk ${ARMDEV}

[Create source directory]
# mkdir -v ${ARMDEV}/sources
# chmod -v a+wt ${ARMDEV}/sources

[Check and download packages]

$ su - armdev

[]Binutils (2.18)
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.18.tar.bz2

[]Busybox (1.4.1)
$ wget http://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.4.1.tar.bz2

[]CLFS-Bootscripts (1.0-pre4)
$ wget http://cross-lfs.org/files/packages/embedded-0.0.1/clfs-embedded-bootscripts-1.0-pre4.tar.bz2

[]E2fsprogs (1.39)
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.39.tar.gz

[]GCC (4.1.2)
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-4.1.2/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2

[]Iana-Etc (2.20)
$ wget http://www.sethwklein.net/projects/iana-etc/downloads/iana-etc-2.20.tar.bz2

[]Linux (2.6.20.1)
$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.20.1.tar.bz2

[]Linux-Headers (2.6.20.1-02252007)
$ wget http://cross-lfs.org/files/packages/embedded-0.0.1/linux-headers-2.6.20.1-02252007.tar.bz2

[]uClibc (0.9.29)
$ wget http://www.uclibc.org/downloads/uClibc-0.9.29.tar.bz2

[]Zlib (1.2.3)
$ wget http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

[Check and download patched]

[]Binutils Posix Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-sysroot/patches/binutils-2.18-posix-1.patch

[]Binutils Posix Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/binutils-2.17-posix-1.patch

[]Binutils uClibc Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/binutils-2.17-uclibc-1.patch

[]Busybox Fixes Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/busybox-1.8.2-fixes-1.patch

[]GCC Cross Search Paths Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/gcc-4.1.2-cross_search_paths-1.patch

[]GCC Posix Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/gcc-4.1.2-posix-1.patch

[]GCC uClibc Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/gcc-4.1.2-uclibc-1.patch

[]Zlib DESTDIR Patch
$ wget http://svn.cross-lfs.org/svn/repos/cross-lfs/branches/clfs-embedded/patches/zlib-1.2.3-DESTDIR-1.patch

[Final Preparations]

[]Setting up the environment

$ cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
> exec env -i HOME=${HOME} TERM=${TERM} PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
> EOF

$ cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
> set +h
> umask 022
> ARMDEV=/mnt/armdev
> LC_ALL=POSIX
> PATH=${ARMDEV}/cross-tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
> export ARMDEV LC_ALL PATH
> EOF

$ source ~/.bash_profile

[]Creating directories

$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/build
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/{bin,boot,dev,{etc/,}opt,home,lib/{firmware,modules},mnt}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/{proc,media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,sys}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
$ install -dv -m 0750 ${ARMDEV}/root
$ install -dv -m 1777 ${ARMDEV}{/var,}/tmp
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
$ mkdir -pv ${ARMDEV}/cross-tools{,/bin}
$ for dir in ${ARMDEV}/usr{,/local}; do
> ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} ${dir}
> done

[]Creating the passwd, group, and log Files

$ ln -svf ../proc/mounts ${ARMDEV}/etc/mtab

$ cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/passwd << "EOF"
> root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/ash
> bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/bin/false
> daemon:x:2:6:daemon:/sbin:/bin/false
> adm:x:3:16:adm:/var/adm:/bin/false
> lp:x:10:9:lp:/var/spool/lp:/bin/false
> mail:x:30:30:mail:/var/mail:/bin/false
> news:x:31:31:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/false
> uucp:x:32:32:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/false
> operator:x:50:0:operator:/root:/bin/ash
> postmaster:x:51:30:postmaster:/var/spool/mail:/bin/false
> nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/:/bin/false
> EOF

$ cat > ${ARMDEV}/etc/group << "EOF"
> root:x:0:
> bin:x:1:
> sys:x:2:
> kmem:x:3:
> tty:x:4:
> tape:x:5:
> daemon:x:6:
> floppy:x:7:
> disk:x:8:
> lp:x:9:
> dialout:x:10:
> audio:x:11:
> video:x:12:
> utmp:x:13:
> usb:x:14:
> cdrom:x:15:
> adm:x:16:root,adm,daemon
> console:x:17:
> cdrw:x:18:
> mail:x:30:mail
> news:x:31:news
> uucp:x:32:uucp
> users:x:100:
> nogroup:x:65533:
> nobody:x:65534:
> EOF

$ touch ${ARMDEV}/var/run/utmp ${ARMDEV}/var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
$ chmod -v 664 ${ARMDEV}/var/run/utmp ${ARMDEV}/var/log/lastlog

[Constructing Cross-Compile Tools]

[]Build CFLAGS
$ echo "Build CFLAGS"
$ echo unset CFLAGS >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo unset CXXFLAGS >> ~/.bashrc

# Application Binary Interface (ABI) for the ARM Architecture
# ABI Variables
# Table 6.1. List of Build Variables
# ABI BUILD=Value
# ------------------------- --------------------------------
# 32-Bit MIPS -mabi=32
# 32-Bit All Others -m32
# N32 MIPS -mabi=n32
# 64-Bit MIPS -mabi=64
# 64-Bit All Others -m64
echo "ABI Variables"
export BUILD="-m32"

# Build Variables
# Table 6.2. Processor Type and Target Triplets
# Processor Target Triplet
# ---------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
# Generic arm, little endian arm-unknown-linux-uclibc
# Generic arm, version 5, little endian armv5l-unknown-linux-uclibc
# Generic arm, version 5, big endian armv5b-unknown-linux-uclibc

$ export ARM_HOST="$(echo $MACHTYPE | sed "s/$(echo $MACHTYPE | cut -d- -f2)/cross/")"
# Generic arm, little endian
$ export ARM_TARGET="arm-unknown-linux-uclibc"
$ echo export ARM_HOST=\""${ARM_HOST}\"" >> ~/.bashrc
$ echo export ARM_TARGET=\""${ARM_TARGET}\"" >> ~/.bashrc

[]Linux-Headers-2.6.20.1-02252007

$ mkdir ${ARMDEV}/build
$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/linux-headers-2.6.20.1-02252007.tar.bz2
$ install -dv ${ARMDEV}/usr/include
$ cp -av ${ARMDEV}/build/linux-headers-2.6.20.1/include/{asm-generic,linux,mtd,scsi,sound} ${ARMDEV}/usr/include
$ cp -av ${ARMDEV}/build/linux-headers-2.6.20.1/include/asm-arm ${ARMDEV}/usr/include/asm

[]Cross Binutils-2.17

$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/binutils-2.17.tar.bz2
$ cd binutils-2.17
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/binutils-2.17-posix-1.patch
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/binutils-2.17-uclibc-1.patch
$ mkdir -v ../binutils-build
$ cd ../binutils-build
$ ../binutils-2.17/configure --prefix=${ARMDEV}/cross-tools --host=${ARM_HOST} --target=${ARM_TARGET} --with-sysroot=${ARMDEV} --disable-nls --enable-shared --disable-multilib
$ make configure-host
$ make
$ make install
$ cp -v ../binutils-2.17/include/libiberty.h ${ARMDEV}/usr/include

[]uClibc-0.9.29

$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/uClibc-0.9.29.tar.bz2
$ cd uClibc-0.9.29

$ cp extra/Configs/Config.arm extra/Configs/Config.arm.orig
$ sed -e "/default/s:OABI:EABI:" extra/Configs/Config.arm.orig > extra/Configs/Config.arm
$ cp Makefile{,.orig}
$ sed -e 's/$(LN) -fs/cp/g' Makefile.orig > Makefile
$ for file in `find libc/sysdeps/linux -name Makefile`; do
> cp $file{,.orig}
> sed -e 's/$(LN) -fs/cp/g' -e 's@../libc/@$(TOPDIR)libc/@g' $file.orig > $file
> done

$ make defconfig ARCH=arm
$ cp .config{,.orig}
$ sed -e "/^CROSS_COMPILER_PREFIX/s:=.*:=\"${ARM_TARGET}-\":" -e "/^KERNEL_HEADERS/s:=.*:=\"${ARMDEV}/usr/include\":" -e "/^SHARED_LIB_LOADER_PREFIX/s:=.*:=\"/lib\":" -e "/^DEVEL_PREFIX/s:=.*:=\"/usr\":" -e "/^RUNTIME_PREFIX/s:=.*:=\"/\":" .config.orig > .config

$ UCLIBC_OPTIONS="DO_C99_MATH UCLIBC_HAS_RPC UCLIBC_HAS_CTYPE_CHECKED UCLIBC_HAS_WCHAR UCLIBC_HAS_HEXADECIMAL_FLOATS LDSO_PRELOAD_FILE_SUPPORT UCLIBC_HAS_FOPEN_EXCLUSIVE_MODE UCLIBC_HAS_PRINTF_M_SPEC UCLIBC_HAS_IPV6 UCLIBC_HAS_GLIBC_CUSTOM_PRINTF UCLIBC_USE_NETLINK UCLIBC_HAS_FTW"
$ for config in $UCLIBC_OPTIONS; do
> cp .config{,.orig}
> sed -e "s:# ${config} is not set:${config}=y:" .config.orig > .config
> done
$ UCLIBC_OPTIONS="UCLIBC_HAS_CTYPE_UNSAFE"
$ for config in $UCLIBC_OPTIONS; do
> cp .config{,.orig}
> sed -e "s:${config}=y:# ${config} is not set:" .config.orig > .config
> done
$ echo "UCLIBC_HAS_FULL_RPC=y" >> .config
$ echo "UCLIBC_HAS_REENTRANT_RPC=y" >> .config

# If your ARM system is Big Endian, you will need at add the following lines to your configuration:

$ echo "ARCH_ANY_ENDIAN=y" >> .config
$ echo "ARCH_BIG_ENDIAN=y" >> .config
$ echo "ARCH_WANTS_BIG_ENDIAN=y" >> .config

# If your ARM system is Little Endian, you will need at add the following lines to your configuration:

$ echo "ARCH_ANY_ENDIAN=y" >> .config
$ echo "ARCH_LITTLE_ENDIAN=y" >> .config
$ echo "ARCH_WANTS_LITTLE_ENDIAN=y" >> .config

$ make oldconfig
$ make headers
$ mkdir ${ARMDEV}/usr/include/bits
$ make PREFIX=${ARMDEV} install_headers

[]Cross GCC-4.1.2 - Static

$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
$ cd gcc-4.1.2
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-posix-1.patch
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-uclibc-1.patch
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-cross_search_paths-1.patch
$ mkdir -v ../gcc-build
$ cd ../gcc-build
$ ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=${ARMDEV}/cross-tools --host=${ARM_HOST} --target=${ARM_TARGET} --disable-multilib --with-sysroot=${ARMDEV} --without-headers --disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-threads --enable-languages=c
$ make all-gcc
$ make install-gcc

[]ToolChain Variables

$ export CC="${ARM_TARGET}-gcc"
$ export CXX="${ARM_TARGET}-g++"
$ export AR="${ARM_TARGET}-ar"
$ export AS="${ARM_TARGET}-as"
$ export LD="${ARM_TARGET}-ld"
$ export RANLIB="${ARM_TARGET}-ranlib"
$ export STRIP="${ARM_TARGET}-strip"

[]uClibc-0.9.29

$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ cd uClibc-0.9.29

$ make CC="${CC}"
$ make PREFIX=${ARMDEV} install

[]Clear ToolChain Variables

$ unset CC
$ unset CXX
$ unset AR
$ unset AS
$ unset LD
$ unset RANLIB
$ unset STRIP

[]GCC-4.1.2 - Cross Compiler Final

$ cd ${ARMDEV}/build
$ rm -fr gcc-4.1.2
$ tar -jxvf ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2.tar.bz2
$ cd gcc-4.1.2
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-posix-1.patch
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-uclibc-1.patch
$ patch -Np1 -i ${ARMDEV}/sources/gcc-4.1.2-cross_search_paths-1.patch
$ rm -fr ../gcc-build
$ mkdir -v ../gcc-build
$ cd ../gcc-build
$ ../gcc-4.1.2/configure --prefix=${ARMDEV}/cross-tools --host=${ARM_HOST} --target=${ARM_TARGET} --disable-multilib --with-sysroot=${ARMDEV} --disable-nls --enable-shared --enable-languages=c,c++ --enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-c99 --enable-long-long --enable-threads=posix
$ make
$ make install

單晶片開發板製作 - 音樂盒模組

2008-10-10T11:06:00.000+08:00

音符的定義是根據頻率變化而訂出來的,
相關的說明請參考 wiki - music note 和
C (musical note).

一般的計算方式是 A4 音符為計算基準:
f = [2 ^ (n/12)] × 440 Hz

為方便程式運算, 採用 C-1 為計算基準:
總共有 11 個音階, 每個音階有 12 個音符
n = (i x 12)(level) + j (jth note)
f = [2 ^ (n/12)] x 8.176 Hz

運用 python 計算出所有音符的頻率:


# calculate number array
musicNotes = []
for i in range(11):
 row = []
 for j in range(12):
   row.append(8.176 * (2**((i*12+j)*(1.0/12))))
 musicNotes.append(row)

# display frequency table
for i in range(11):
 musicNotes[i]

[8.1760000000000002, 8.6621702594815986, 9.1772497069774346, 9.7229573722622469, 10.301114503940484, 10.913650647694201, 11.562610085962426, 12.250158660543748, 12.978591000891997, 13.75033818222874, 14.567975839030828, 15.434232760971051]
[16.352, 17.324340518963197, 18.354499413954866, 19.445914744524494, 20.602229007880968, 21.827301295388398, 23.125220171924852, 24.500317321087497, 25.957182001783995, 27.50067636445748, 29.135951678061655, 30.868465521942102]
[32.704000000000001, 34.648681037926387, 36.708998827909731, 38.891829489048988, 41.204458015761929, 43.654602590776797, 46.250440343849704, 49.000634642174987, 51.914364003567989, 55.001352728914959, 58.271903356123303, 61.736931043884205]
[65.408000000000001, 69.297362075852774, 73.417997655819462, 77.783658978097975, 82.408916031523859, 87.309205181553594, 92.500880687699407, 98.001269284349974, 103.82872800713598, 110.00270545782992, 116.54380671224661, 123.47386208776841]
[130.816, 138.59472415170555, 146.8359953116389, 155.56731795619595, 164.81783206304772, 174.61841036310716, 185.00176137539881, 196.00253856869995, 207.6574560142719, 220.00541091565984, 233.08761342449321, 246.94772417553673]
[261.63200000000001, 277.1894483034111, 293.67199062327779, 311.1346359123919, 329.63566412609543, 349.23682072621432, 370.00352275079763, 392.00507713739989, 415.3149120285438, 440.01082183131967, 466.17522684898643, 493.89544835107347]
[523.26400000000001, 554.3788966068222, 587.34398124655559, 622.2692718247838, 659.27132825219087, 698.47364145242864, 740.00704550159526, 784.01015427479979, 830.6298240570876, 880.02164366263935, 932.35045369797285, 987.79089670214694]
[1046.528, 1108.7577932136444, 1174.6879624931112, 1244.5385436495676, 1318.5426565043817, 1396.9472829048573, 1480.0140910031905, 1568.0203085495996, 1661.2596481141752, 1760.0432873252787, 1864.7009073959457, 1975.5817934042939]
[2093.056, 2217.5155864272874, 2349.3759249862223, 2489.0770872991352, 2637.0853130087612, 2793.8945658097145, 2960.028182006381, 3136.0406170991969, 3322.5192962283504, 3520.0865746505574, 3729.4018147918891, 3951.1635868085878]
[4186.1120000000001, 4435.0311728545748, 4698.7518499724447, 4978.1541745982704, 5274.1706260175224, 5587.7891316194291, 5920.0563640127621, 6272.0812341983938, 6645.0385924567008, 7040.1731493011148, 7458.8036295837783, 7902.3271736171755]
[8372.2240000000002, 8870.0623457091497, 9397.5036999448894, 9956.3083491965408, 10548.341252035045, 11175.578263238858, 11840.112728025524, 12544.162468396788, 13290.077184913402, 14080.34629860223, 14917.607259167557, 15804.654347234351]

根據上面的數值定義 const float gMusicNotes[11][12] 即可得到所有的頻率資料.

電路圖如下:

主程式如下:
(受限於單晶片的特性, for PIC16F877A 必須用 PICC 做編譯, 另外 music_cell gSong[] 的容量會受限制.)
(本程式是用 delay 方式處理, 所以聲音頻率誤差較大; 使用 timer 方式處理, 聲音頻率會比較準確)

/*******************************************************************************

  Copyright (c) 2008 Wizign Ltd.
  All Rights Reserved.

  main.c: Main program for demo trigger of speaker

  Version: 1.0.0

  Date: Oct 03, 2008

  Author: YenHung Chen

  E-mail: yhchen@wizign.com

  Revision:
  ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
  2008/10/03 Created by YenHung Chen, demo trigger of speaker for both 8051 and PIC

******************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************

<>For AT89S52

LCD display:
  There are 8 data pins, which are connected P2.
  The control pins are connected to P1_0, P1_1, and P1_2.

Speaker:
  P3_0


<>For PIC16F877A

LCD display:
  There are 8 data pins, which are connected PORTD
  The control pins are connected to RA0, RA1, and RA2.

Speaker:
  RC0


******************************************************************************/

#include "global.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "timer.h"
#include "music.h"

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define IO and global variables

#ifdef MCU_PIC
/*
// Configurations
typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _XT_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;
*/
#endif

#ifdef MCU_PIC
bank1 static music_cell gSong[] = {
#else   // default is MCU_8051
music_cell gSong[] = {
#endif
  {C4, LA,    1}, {C4, LA, 0.25}, {C4, SO, 0.25}, {C4, LA,  0.5},
  {C4, SO,    1}, {C4, MI,    1}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, MI,  0.5},
  {C4, MI,  0.5}, {C4, RE,  0.5}, {C4, MI,    2}, {C4, MI,    0},
  {C4, RE,    1}, {C4, RE,  0.5}, {C4, DO,  0.5}, {C4, RE,  0.5},
  {C4, RE,  0.5}, {C4, SO,    1}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, MI,  0.5},
  {C4, MI,  0.5}, {C4, RE,  0.5}, {C4, MI,    2}, {C4, MI,    0},
  {C4, LA,    1}, {C4, LA,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, LA,  0.5},
  {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, MI,    1}, {C4, FA,  0.5}, {C4, FA, 0.25},
  {C4, FA, 0.25}, {C4, MI,  0.5}, {C4, RE,  0.5}, {C4, MI,    2},
  {C4, MI,    0}, {C4, SO,    1}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5},
  {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, SI,    1}, {C4, LA,  0.5},
  {C4, LA, 0.25}, {C4, LA, 0.25}, {C4, LA,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5},
  {C4, LA,    2}, {C4, LA,    0}, {C5, DO,    1}, {C5, DO,  0.5},
  {C5, DO,  0.5}, {C4, SI,    1}, {C4, SO,    1}, {C4, LA,  0.5},
  {C4, LA, 0.25}, {C4, LA, 0.25}, {C4, LA,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5},
  {C4, LA,  1.5}, {C4, SO, 0.25}, {C4, MI, 0.25}, {C4, SO,    1},
  {C4, SO, 0.75}, {C4, SO, 0.25}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5},
  {C4, SI,    1}, {C4, LA, 0.33}, {C4, LA, 0.33}, {C4, LA, 0.33},
  {C4, LA,  0.5}, {C4, SO,  0.5}, {C4, LA,    2}, {C4, LA,    0}
};

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define functions

/* Initilize parameters before run the main loop */
void InitParams(void)
{
  LCDInit();
  MusicInit();
}

/* Display message on LCD panel */
void DisplayMusicStatus(char* pMsg)
{
  LCDGoto(0);    // goto 1st line
  LCDPuts("  WIZIGN LTD.  ");

  // Display rotate status
  LCDGoto(0x40);    // goto 2nd line
  LCDPuts(pMsg);
}

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// main program

void main(void)
{
  int count = 0;
  int direction = 0;  // 0:clockwise, 1:counter clockwise

  // Initilize parameters
  InitParams();

  /* do loop */
  while(1){
      DisplayMusicStatus("Play Music");
      MusicPlay(10, gSong);
  }
}

單晶片開發板製作 - 直流和步進馬達模組

2008-10-01T12:37:00.000+08:00

直流馬達和步進馬達是自動控制領域常用的驅動裝置,
以下介紹兩種馬達的控制電路和程式撰寫.

電路圖如下:

主程式如下:


/*******************************************************************************

Copyright (c) 2008 Wizign Ltd.
All Rights Reserved.

main.c: Main program for demo trigger of motors

Version: 1.0.0

Date: Oct 01, 2008

Author: YenHung Chen

E-mail: yhchen@wizign.com

Revision:
---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2008/10/01 Created by YenHung Chen, demo trigger of motors for both 8051 and PIC

******************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************



<>For AT89S52

LCD display:
There are 8 data pins, which are connected P2.
The control pins are connected to P1_0, P1_1, and P1_2.

Step motor:
P3_0, P3_1, P3_2, P3_3

DC motor:
P3_6, P3_7

<>For PIC16F877A

LCD display:
There are 8 data pins, which are connected PORTD
The control pins are connected to RA0, RA1, and RA2.

Step motor:
RC0, RC1, RC2, RC3

DC motor:
RC6, RC7


******************************************************************************/

#include "global.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "motor.h"

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define IO and global variables

#ifdef MCU_PIC

// Configurations
typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _XT_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;

#endif


//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define functions

/* Initilize parameters before run the main loop */
void InitParams(void)
{

LCDInit();
MotorInit();
}

/* Display message on LCD panel */
void DisplayRotateStatus(char* pMsg)
{
LCDGoto(0);    // goto 1st line
LCDPuts("  WIZIGN LTD.  ");

// Display rotate status
LCDGoto(0x40);    // goto 2nd line
LCDPuts(pMsg);
}

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// main program

void main(void)
{
int count = 0;
int direction = 0;  // 0:clockwise, 1:counter clockwise

// Initilize parameters
InitParams();

/* do loop */
while(1){
    if(direction == 0){
        DisplayRotateStatus("Clockwise");
        MotorStepRotate(MOTOR_ROTATE_CW, 4);
        MotorDCRotate(MOTOR_ROTATE_CW, 2);
    }else{  // left
        DisplayRotateStatus("C Clockwise");
        MotorStepRotate(MOTOR_ROTATE_CCW, 2);
        MotorDCRotate(MOTOR_ROTATE_CCW, 4);
    }
    count++;
    if(count >= 200){
        count = 0;
        direction = (direction == 0) ? 1 : 0;
    }
}
}

C語言入門

2008-09-18T12:43:00.000+08:00

C語言在單晶片設計複雜度不高，變數型態宣告沒有浮點數，常用以下兩種型態。

char ===> 範圍 0 - 255

int ===> 範圍 0 - 65535

算術運算子： + 、 - 、 * 、 / 、 %(module)

關係運算子：>、<、>=(大於等於)、<=(小於等於)、==(等於)、!=(不等於)

邏輯運算子：&& (AND Gate)、(OR Gate)、!(NOT Gate)

補數運算子：~ ， 1的補數為0，其他反之。

※ ；(分號)在C語言中它表示敘述句結束。

迴圈語法：

for 迴圈

語法：

for(char x = initial number ; x <= condition number ; x increment or decrement)

ex .
for(x = 0 ; x <= 9 ; x++)
{
x += 1;(0+1+...+9)
}

ex . for(;;)，無窮迴圈

while 迴圈

語法：

char x = initial number ;
while(condition number) <=====這裡不加分號
{
statement;
x increment or decrement;
}

ex.
int x = 0;
while(x < 10)
{
x += 1;(0+1+2....+9)
x++;
}

ex. while(1)，無窮迴圈

do while 迴圈

語法：

char x = initial number ;
do
{
statement;
x increment or decrement;
}while(condition number); <=====這裡要加分號

ex.
int x = 0;
do
{
x += 1;(0+1+2....+9)
x++;
}while(x < 10);

8051入門

2008-09-14T16:13:00.000+08:00

一、AT89S51特色
1. AT89S51 為 MCS-51 相容產品。
2. 4K Byte of In - System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory。
3. Endurance：1000 Write / Erase Cycles。
4. 工作電壓範圍為 4.0 - 5.5 伏特。
5. 可使用振盪器 0 - 33 MHz 。
6. 128 * 8 bit Internel RAM。
7. 32條可程式輸出/入線。
8. 兩個16位元計時/計數器。
9. 六個中斷來源。
10.全雙工通用非同步接收及傳送序列通道。
二、AT89S51接腳及定義：
該圖片摘錄於ATMEL AT89S51 Datasheet。

VCC：接 5V 正電壓。
GND：接地腳。
Port 0：
1. 可作為一個 8 位元輸出 / 入腳。
2. 外部擴充接腳(例如8255晶片)時可做資料匯流排(D0 - D7)。
3. 外部擴充記憶體(例如6116晶片)時可做位址匯流排(A0 - A7)。
Port 1：只作為一個 8 位元輸出 / 入腳。
Port 2：
1. 可作為一個 8 位元輸出 / 入腳。
2. 外部擴充記憶體做位址匯流排(A8 - A15)。
Port 3：
1. 可作為一個 8 位元輸出 / 入腳。
2. 特殊功能：
● RXD (串列輸入埠 [Serial input poirt])
●TXD (串列輸出埠 [serial output point])
●INT0 (外部中斷0 [External interrupt 0])
●INT1 (外部中斷1 [External interrupt 1])
●T0 (計時/計數中斷[內部為計時；外部為計數])
●T1 (計時/計數中斷[內部為計時；外部為計數])
●WR (外部資料記憶體寫入致能信號)
●RD (外部資料記憶體讀取致能信號)
RST l：高準位時(保持2個機械週期)，可重置晶片。
ALE / PROG：位址拴鎖致能(Address Latch Enable)。
PSEN：程式儲存致能(Program Store Enable)。
EA / VPP：
●高電位：
1. CPU讀取內部程式記憶體(ROM)。8051、8052
2. 有擴充外部記憶體時：當內部記憶體不敷使用時0FFFH(8051)、1FFFH(8052)，自動讀取外
部記憶體。
●低電位：CPU僅讀取外部記憶體(ROM)。
●8751燒錄：利用此腳輸入21V的燒入電壓。
XTAL 1：接石英振盪器。
XTAL 2：接石英振盪器。
三、AT89S51記憶體：
8051的記憶體包括：
1、8051 有 128 Bytes RAM，8052 有 256 Bytes RAM。
2、擴充外部的 RAM，最大為 64K。
3.記憶體位址 00 ~ 7FH 較低位址共128 byte。
4.記憶體位址 80H ~ FFH 較低位址共128 byte。
5.特殊功能暫存器(Special Function Registor)。

單晶片開發板製作 - 溫度計(DS1821)模組

2008-09-11T00:21:00.000+08:00

選擇 DS1821 感測器的原因是電路簡單, 只要用到一個 IO pin 就可以了.

撰寫測試程式時, 最初用 SDCC 做編譯, LCD display 正常, 但是溫度顯示一直是零?
後來使用 HI-TECH's PICC 編譯, 就可以正常顯示溫度.
使用 PICC 時, 請把以下的 source code 做成註解.

typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _XT_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;

用 htc.h 取代 pic/pic16f877a.h

電路圖如下:

主程式如下:


/*******************************************************************************

 Copyright (c) 2008 Wizign Ltd.
 All Rights Reserved.

 main.c: Main program for demo thermometer

 Version: 1.0.0

 Date: Sep 05, 2008

 Author: YenHung Chen

 E-mail: yhchen@wizign.com

 Revision:
 ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
 2008/09/05 Created by YenHung Chen, demo thermometer for both 8051 and PIC

******************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************

The IO control

<>For AT89S52

LCD display:
There are 8 data pins, which are connected P2.
The control pins are connected to P1_0, P1_1, and P1_2.

DS1821:
P1_7

<>For PIC16F877A

LCD display:
There are 8 data pins, which are connected PORTD
The control pins are connected to RA0, RA1, and RA2.

DS1821:
RA5


******************************************************************************/

#include "global.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "lcd.h"
#include "thermo.h"

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define IO and global variables

#ifdef MCU_PIC

// Configurations
typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _XT_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;

#endif


//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define functions

/* Initilize parameters before run the main loop */
void InitParams(void)
{

LCDInit();
ThermoInit();
}

/* Display message on LCD panel */
void DisplayTemperature(void)
{
char tmMsg[16];
int theT;
unsigned char myT;
int hundred;
int tenth;
int ones;

LCDGoto(0); // goto 1st line
LCDPuts("  WIZIGN LTD.  ");

// Convert value to string
myT = ThermoReadTemperature();
if(myT > 127){
   theT = (int)(myT - 0xFF);
}else{
   theT = (int)myT;
}
// start
// it can not display correct format in this block
BLOCK
// end
   hundred = (int)(theT/100);
   tenth = (int)((theT%100)/10);
   ones = theT%10;
   tmMsg[1] = 0x30 + hundred;
   tmMsg[2] = 0x30 + tenth;
   tmMsg[3] = 0x30 + ones;
   tmMsg[4] = 0x20;
   tmMsg[5] = 'C';
   tmMsg[6] = 0x20;
   tmMsg[7] = '\0';

   LCDGoto(0x40); // goto 2nd line
   LCDPuts(tmMsg);
}

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// main program

void main(void)
{
   // Initilize parameters
 InitParams();

   /* do loop */
   while(1){
    DisplayTemperature();
       // The LCD display and the calculation of time
       // will consume times, so, the delay time is less than 1000 ms.
       DelayMs(900);
   }
}

單晶片開發板製作 - 電子輔助設計工具(EDA) - KiCAD

2008-09-03T10:15:00.000+08:00

設計單晶片的功能模組, 需要設計電路以確認程式撰寫時所要控制的 IO 和操作程序.

除了 OrCAD 和 Protel 之外, 有許多 open source 的免費電子輔助設計工具可以選擇.

KiCAD 是一套 open source (GPL) 的軟體, 可以用來設計電子電路圖和印刷電路板, 設計與撰寫 KiCAD 的作者是 Jean-Pierre Charras 是法國 LIS,Laboratoire des Images et des Signaux,的研究人員, 也是 IUT de Saint Martin d'Hères 電子工程和影像處理的教師.

KiCAD 是一組工具的組合, 包含一個專案管理和四個特定功能的軟體:

* Eeschema : 設計電子電路圖
* Pcbnew : 設計印刷電路板
* Gerbview : GERBER viewer
* Cvpcb : 設計電路時, 用來選擇電子元件腳本
* Kicad: 專案管理

另外結合 Wings 3D, 可以模擬印刷電路板的 3D 顯示.

KiCAD 不只可以在 Windows OS 上操作, 在 Linux 上也可以使用.

For Fedora Core 9:

# yum install kicad

For Ubuntu 8.04

# apt-get install kicad

以下為 KiCAD 的操作介面:

Kicad

eeschema

cvpcb

pcbnew

3D 模擬

功能還算完整, 有興趣不妨試試看.
如果想研究程式的開發人員, 也可以上網下載 source code.

單晶片開發板製作 - 數字鐘 (LCD 顯示) 模組

2008-09-02T19:20:00.001+08:00

採用 Delay 方式計算時間(用 delay 方式計算時間, 會有相當大的誤差值), 並將結果顯示在 LCD 螢幕上.

所使用的 LCD 型號是 PVC160203PGL01.

當使用 PIC 16F877A 時, IO 定義如下:

RA2 LCD_EN
RA1 LCD_RW
RA0 LCD_RS
PORTD LCD_DATA

如果使用 AT89S51/52/53 時, IO 定義如下:

P1_2 LCD_EN
P1_1 LCD_RW
P1_0 LCD_RS
P2 LCD_DATA

所需的電路圖如下所示:

主程式如下所示:


/*******************************************************************************

 Copyright (c) 2008 Wizign Ltd.
 All Rights Reserved.

 main.c: Main program for demo LCD display

 Date: Aug 29, 2008

 Author: YenHung Chen

 E-mail: yhchen@wizign.com

 Revision:
 ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
 2008/08/29 Created by YenHung Chen, demo LCD display for both 8051 and PIC

******************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************



<>For AT89S52

There are 8 data pins, which are connected P2.
The control pins are connected to P1_0, P1_1, and P1_2.


<>For PIC16F877A

There are 8 data pins, which are connected PORTD
The control pins are connected to RA0, RA1, and RA2.


******************************************************************************/

#include "global.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "lcd.h"

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define IO and global variables

#ifdef MCU_PIC

// Configurations
typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _XT_OSC & _PWRTE_OFF & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;

#endif

int gTmYr;
unsigned char gTmMon;
unsigned char gTmDay;
unsigned char gTmHr;
unsigned char gTmMin;
unsigned char gTmSec;


//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define functions

/* Initialize the begin time */
void InitCurrentTime(int y, unsigned char m, unsigned char d,
                  unsigned char hr, unsigned char min, unsigned char sec){
 gTmYr = y;
 gTmMon = m;
 gTmDay = d;
 gTmHr = hr;
 gTmMin = min;
 gTmSec = sec;
}

/* Calculate the progressing time */
void CalculateTime(void)
{
 gTmSec++;
 if(gTmSec >= 60){
     gTmSec = 0;
     gTmMin++;
     if(gTmMin >= 60){
         gTmMin = 0;
         gTmHr++;
         if(gTmHr >= 24){
             gTmHr = 0;
             gTmDay++;
             switch(gTmMon){
             case 2:
                 if(((gTmYr%4)==0)&&((gTmYr%100)!=0)&&((gTmYr%400)==0)){
                     if(gTmDay >= 29){
                         gTmDay = 1;
                         gTmMon++;
                     }
                 }else{
                     if(gTmDay >= 28){
                         gTmDay = 1;
                         gTmMon++;
                     }
                 }
                 break;
             case 4:
             case 6:
             case 9:
             case 11:
                 if(gTmDay >= 30){
                     gTmDay = 1;
                     gTmMon++;
                 }
                 break;
             default:    // 31 days/month
                 if(gTmDay >= 31){
                     gTmDay = 1;
                     gTmMon++;
                     if(gTmMon >= 12){
                         gTmMon = 1;
                         gTmYr++;
                     }
                 }
                 break;
             }
         }
     }
 }
}

/* Initilize parameters before run the main loop */
void InitParams(void)
{
 lcd_init();
 InitCurrentTime(2008, 9, 1, 10, 24, 12);
}

/* Power value of 10 */
int PowerTen(int p)
{
 int ret = 1;
 while(--p > 0){
     ret *= 10;
 }
 return ret;
}

/* Convert value to string */
void NumToStr(char* pMsg, int v, int len)
{
 int i;
 int p;
 for(i=0; i
     p = PowerTen(len-i);
     pMsg[i] = 0x30 + (int)(v/p);
     v %= p;
 }
}

/* Convert time value to string message */
void GetTimeMsg(char *pMsg)
{
 NumToStr(&pMsg[0], gTmMon, 2);
 pMsg[2] = '/';
 NumToStr(&pMsg[3], gTmDay, 2);
 pMsg[5] = ' ';
 NumToStr(&pMsg[6], gTmHr, 2);
 pMsg[8] = ':';
 NumToStr(&pMsg[9], gTmMin, 2);
 pMsg[11] = ':';
 NumToStr(&pMsg[12], gTmSec, 2);
 pMsg[14] = 0x00;
}

/* Display message on LCD panel */
void DisplayMessage(void)
{
 char tmMsg[16];

 lcd_goto(0);    // goto 1st line
 lcd_puts("  WIZIGN LTD.  ");

 // Convert value to string
 GetTimeMsg(tmMsg);
 lcd_goto(0x40);    // goto 2nd line
 lcd_puts(tmMsg);
}

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// main program

void main(void)
{
 // Initilize parameters
 InitParams();

 /* do loop */
 while(1){
     CalculateTime();
     DisplayMessage();
     // The LCD display and the calculation of time
     // will consume times, so, the delay time is less than 1000 ms.
     DelayMs(900);
 }
}

單晶片開發板製作 - 測試程式 - 跑馬燈

2008-08-27T13:54:00.000+08:00

考量讓 8051 和 PIC 使用相同的 source code, 所以定義以下常數:

#define MCU_8051 - for 8051 時, 使用此常數
#define MCU_PIC - for PIC 時, 使用此常數

方式一, 控制 8 個 LED 燈, 使輪流點亮, 定義函式 void FlashLightOne(void)
*>AT89S52 - 使用 P1
*>PIC16F877A - 使用 PORTB

方式二, 控制 8 個 LED 燈, 同時間有 2 個燈會亮, 當最先亮的燈滅掉, 下一個燈會點亮., 定義函式 void FlashLightTwo(void)
*>AT89S51 - 使用 P1
*>PIC16F877A - 使用 PORTB

主程式架構如下:


/*******************************************************************************

 Copyright (c) 2008 Wizign Ltd.
    All Rights Reserved.

 main.c: Main program for demo flash light

 Date: Aug 27, 2008

 Author: YenHung Chen

 E-mail: yhchen@wizign.com

 Revision:
 ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
 2008/08/27 Created by YenHung Chen, demo flash light for both 8051 and PIC

 ******************************************************************************/
/*******************************************************************************



<>For AT89S52
There are 8 LEDs, which are connected P1.
Each pins of P1 is connected to one LED ligth.


<>For PIC16F877A
There are 8 LEDs, which are connected PORTB
Each pins of PORTB is connected to one LED ligth.

 ******************************************************************************/

#define MCU_8051
//#define MCU_PIC

#ifdef MCU_PIC
#include 
#else   // default is MCU_8051
#include 
#endif

#include "delay.h"

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define IO and global variables

#ifdef MCU_PIC
// Configurations
typedef unsigned int config;
config at 0x2007 __CONFIG = _RC_OSC & _PWRTE_ON & _BODEN_OFF & _WDT_OFF & _LVP_OFF;
#define gLEDs PORTB
#else   // default is MCU_8051
#define gLEDs P1
#endif

int gCount = 0;

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// define functions

/* Initilize parameters before run the main loop */
void InitParams(void)
{
    gLEDs = 0xFF;

#ifdef MCU_PIC
    TRISB = 0x00;  // output
#endif
}

/* Make a LED ON each time */
void FlashLightOne(void)
{
    unsigned char status;

    status = 1 << gCount++;
    if(gCount >= 8)
        gCount = 0;

    gLEDs = ~status;
}

/* Make two LED ON each time,
   while the preview LED is OFF, the next new LED is ON */
void FlashLightTwo(void)
{
    unsigned char status;

    status = 1 << gCount++;
    if(gCount >= 8)
        gCount = 0;

    if(status == 0x80){
        status |= 1;
    }else{
        status |= (status << 1);
    }
    gLEDs = ~status;
}

//++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
// main program

void main(void)
{
    // Initilize parameters
    InitParams();

    /* do loop */
    while(1){
        FlashLightOne();
        DelayMs(1000);
    }
}

單晶片開發板製作 - 應用的開發工具

2008-08-27T13:33:00.000+08:00

相關程式開發, 計畫在 Linux 的作業環境下進行, 所使用的程式套件如下所述:

Fedora Core 9/Ubuntu 8.04 - PC 上使用的作業系統
sdcc - 免費的 8051/AVR/Z80 編譯器
gputils - GCC PIC 的編譯器
codeblocks - IDE 開發環境

安裝方式:

* In Fedora Core 9

# yum install gputils
# yum install sdcc
# yum install codeblocks codeblocks-contrib

* In Ubuntu 8.04

# vim /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://apt.wxwidgets.org/ gutsy-wx main
deb http://lgp203.free.fr/ubuntu/ gutsy universe

# wget -q http://apt.wxwidgets.org/key.asc -O- | apt-key add -
# wget -q http://lgp203.free.fr/public.key -O- | apt-key add -

# apt-get update
# apt-get install gputils
# apt-get install sdcc
# apt-get install codeblocks
# apt-get install codeblocks-contrib
# apt-get install libwxsmithlib0

如果想要有比較好的編譯(compiling)效果,
e.g. binary code 比較小, 參考的資源比較完整
可以考慮使用 HI-TECH 的 PICC(for PIC) 或 for 8051 C compiler.
HI-TECH 並提供與 eclipse 整合的 IDE 開發環境 - HI-TIDE.

單晶片開發板製作 - 主控制單元模組

2008-08-21T16:29:00.000+08:00

希望做一塊開發板可以同時測試 8051 和 PIC, 程式可以透過 RS-232 直接燒錄,
外接電源在 9V~12V 之間, 轉換成穩壓電源 5V 和 3.3V.

目前選定的 MCU 是 ATMEL 的 AT89S51, AT89S52, 或 AT89S53 和 Microchips 的 PIC16F877A.

開發板雛型

電路圖

單晶片開發板製作

2008-08-21T15:57:00.000+08:00

看了很多單晶片(8051 和 PIC16F)的資料, 想要驗證所學的知識, 所以計劃自行製作單晶片開發板.
開發的主軸是以建構模組的方式進行, 計劃發展的模組, 如下所列:

主控制單元模組
數字鐘 (LCD 顯示) 模組
溫度計模組
USB 信號傳輸模組
红外線遙控器模組 - 發射器與接收器
無線傳輸遙控器模組 - 發射器與接收器
馬達控制模組
電波鐘模組
音樂盒模組
電子琴模組
RS 232 信號傳輸模組 - 人機介面
CAN 信號傳輸模組 - 行車紀錄系統
定時開關模組
觸控開關模組
光控開關模組
自走車
遙控車 (遙控控制, 直流, 交流與步進馬達控制)
交通號誌燈
LiH 充電器
住家安全警報系統 - 整合應用