Education How-To Videos & Articles « Wonder How To

How to make an air battery of out of zinc

Fri, 14 Jan 2011 23:06:26 GMT

This is a great science project! For this, you will be able to make an air battery using zinc. You will also need a paper towel, some steel wool, and an electrolyte solution. An air battery can keep for decades as long as it's dry.

Watch the how-to video for How to make an air battery of out of zinc on WonderHowTo.

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How To Apply for the CNA State Exam

Tue, 11 Jan 2011 16:56:08 GMT

Step 1 Successfully Complete Your CNA Training Program

You must finish your CNA (Certified Nurses Assistant) training program and must secure a CNA training certification in order for you to be qualified to apply for CNA state exam.

Step 2 Obtain CNA Exam's Application Form

You must seek assistance to your school or contact your state nurse registry in order for you to obtain an application form. Nowadays, with the emergence of technology, lots of applicants secure an application form through Internet. When you have a certain knowledge of your state nurse registry website, just check their website and download the form or print it. At your own convenient you can spend less time, money and effort to obtain your CNA state exam application form.

Step 3 Fill - Out Information in the Application Form

Answer all the required questions on the CNA application form. Otherwise, the registry will send back your application and consequently it might cause delay. It is best to accurately answer necessary questions and follow the directions found in the form.

Step 4 Don't Forget To Have Your Signature

All application form for the CNA state test must be signed or else it will be sent back to you. As a result, an additional effort, time and money might happen to you. Be careful on answering your application form. Don't rush it!

Step 5 Mail the Form To Your CNA Training School

Generally, in applying for CNA certification, every application form is divided into two or four parts. Not all information must be filled up by you, instead, there are parts in the application form that are intended for your training school. So either you mail the form or personally give the form to your school -- whatever way you choose as long as you follow the instructions then it would be fine. In a normal basis, when your school training receive your application form, they immediately respond to it and they will mail the form back to you.

Step 6 Don't Forget to Attach Necessary Additional Documents and Fees

In every state, you are required to choose which kind of payment you would like to do -- either in cash or through check or credit card. Whichever payment method you may prefer, just don't forget to attach or provide your account with your application form. If you fail in doing this, most likely, your application for CNA state certification might delay your exam or the registry might reject your application for the test.

Step 7 Mail Your CNA State Exam Application to State Nurse Registry

Once all documents, form and fee are set up, just mail the form to the address indicated in your application form. Wait for your exam schedule. For follow ups you can contact them by keeping your nurse registry's number.

Step 8 Wait for Your CNA Registry's Exam Schedule

After assessing your application, your registry will inform you if your application is approved or not. When it is approved, they provide you an exam schedule and other important details.

Step 9 Be Prepared With Your CNA Certification

Always have a good CNA review when you study your lessons in CNA. The exam is composed of 2 principal parts: a written or oral portion, and a hands-on skills part. These parts of the test are administered on the same day. On average, there are 75 multiple-choice questions; but it varies from state to state. For students with special preferences, it is possible to take the test in both English and Spanish.

The clinical skills component covers five skills picked randomly from the 25 skills you have learned and practiced throughout your training and study picked skills from the twenty-five skills you learned from your CNA training. It will take place in an environment that simulates a CNA workspace, with all the essential tools and equipment provided; you will be given 25-30 minutes to demonstrate all 5 skills.

Step 10 Stay Focus and Calm During Your CNA Test

You will be permitted to retake the exam up to 3 times within a two year period in most states. If you only fail one portion of the test, you will only need to retake that portion. If you fail both the written and skills parts, then both will need to be retaken. You will be required to pay the examination fee every time you retake the exam. If you fail the exam three consecutive times, re-training is required in order to the take the exam again. Pass the CNA state test the first time you take it.

Via How To Apply for the CNA State Exam on WonderHowTo.

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How To Make Vitriol (Sulfuric Acid) Using the Oxidizing & Electrochemical Methods

Tue, 11 Jan 2011 16:16:46 GMT

If you've been following the news lately, you've probably heard of the word "vitriol" being used as a political weapon, with people like celebrity left-winger Jane Fonda blaming conservatives like Sarah Palin for "vitriolic" attacks on Democrats and the "violence-provoking rhetoric of the Tea Party" movement for the recent Arizona shooting.

But "vitriol" is not just meant as cruel and bitter criticism. The word is a homonym and has an even older meaning — sulfuric acid.

Vitriol is the historic name for sulfuric acid (sulphuric acid), a strong mineral acid frequenting chemistry labs, with the molecular formula H2SO4, comprised of hydrogen and sulfate. Vitriol is used in a large variety of applications, like lead-acid vehicle batteries, fertilizer, ore processing, oil refining and chemical synthesis. And guess what? You can make your own sulfuric acid, right at home!

It's a very useful acid, and there are actually many methods of making vitriol.

Making Vitriol (Sulfuric Acid) - Oxidizer Method

This method from NurdRage involves a sulfur dioxide generator, which in this case is a three-necked flask filled with 50g of sodium metabisulfite, a stir bar and 50mL of water. One one side, hook up a gas adapter and outlet tube.

And that's just the beginning. Watch the video to see the full instructions on making some DIY concentrated sulfuric acid from sodium metabisulfite, hydrochloric acid and an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide or nitric acid).

Make sulfuric acid (metabisulfite / oxidizer method)

Making Vitriol (Sulfuric Acid) - Electrochemical Method

In the previous video, you saw NurdRage make sulfuric acid with a complicated sulfur dioxide and oxidizing liquid setup. For homebrew chemists, it might have been a little difficult to build.

In a previous video, he taught how to convert sulfuric acid into copper sulfate, but copper sulfate can easily be purchased in large quantities.

Possibly a cheap way to make vitriol? Yes. So, in the following video, you'll see how to convert copper sulfate back into copper metal and sulfuric acid via some helpful electrochemistry.

Watch the full video below to learn the electrochemical method. You'll need some carbon electrodes (or platinum electrodes), copper wire, tape, power source, copper sulfate and filter.

Make sulfuric acid - electrochemically

Make copper sulfate from copper and sulfuric acid

Get zinc, carbon rods and MnO2 from lantern batteries

For more tutorials involving vitriol (sulfuric acid), check out WonderHowTo's science videos!

[Image credit 1, 2]

Via How To Make Vitriol (Sulfuric Acid) Using the Oxidizing & Electrochemical Methods on WonderHowTo.

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How to make a propane balloon of doom

Mon, 10 Jan 2011 22:12:58 GMT

Looking for something new and unusual to light on fire? How about a propane bomb? This little how-to shows us the explosive power of propane when we expose it to flame. With a balloon, some propane and a piece of toilet paper we can make a pretty ball of flame.

Watch the how-to video for How to make a propane balloon of doom on WonderHowTo.

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How to make a battery at home out of table salt and aluminum

Mon, 10 Jan 2011 19:40:44 GMT

For this tutorial, you will need some water, table salt, a few square feet of aluminum foil, a needle, some steel wool, a pair of wired alligator clips, a thick paper towel and a voltmeter to test out your new battery.

Watch the how-to video for How to make a battery at home out of table salt and aluminum on WonderHowTo.

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How To Multiply & Divide Numbers (Basic Elementary Math)

Mon, 10 Jan 2011 17:39:17 GMT

Adding and subtracting may be the easiest of mathematical operations, but once you get it down, multiplication and division can be just as easy. That's why it's called elementary arithmetic. If it were harder, it would be called college algebra or trigonometry. But it's not— it's basic math, and once you get your head around the numbers, you'll never hate math class again! (Okay, maybe you will.)

Step 1 Multiplication

First off, when learning how to multiply numbers, it's good to have the multiplication table handy. Below is the multiplication table, up to the number 30. You can print this table out for future use.

* More printable multiplication charts can be accessed at Vaughn's Summaries.

Now that you have the multiplication chart, check out the videos below for some easy techniques on multiplying numbers. This is basic math, so it shouldn't take you too long to get the hang of it.

How to Multiply with Your Fingers

Multiply with quick fingers

How to Multiple the Number 9

Multiply nines, the easy way

How to Multiply Large Numbers

Do long multiplication

How to Multiply with Weaving Numbers

Use weaving numbers in math multiplication

How to Multiply Large Numbers (Trick)

Multiply large numbers

If this is all too easy for your brilliant mathematical mind, then check out some of the other multiplication videos on WonderHowTo to learn how to multiply fractions, complex numbers and more!

Step 2 Division

Now that you've got your basic multiplication down, it's time to move onto division. Check out the division table below for reference, which covers up to 12. You can print this table out for future use. Also, memorizing the multiplication helps significantly when learning to divide numbers.

* Above chart from MathATube.

Now that you have the division chart, check out the videos below for some easy techniques on dividing numbers. If you've master basic multiplication, this should be no problem.

How to Divide Smaller Numbers

Perform short division

How to Divide Long Numbers

Understand arithmetic basics to do long division

How to Divide Long Numbers without a Calculator

Do long division without a calculator

If you've conquered this easy division, too, then check out some of the other division videos on WonderHowTo to learn how to divide fractions, complex numbers, negative numbers and more!

Via How To Multiply & Divide Numbers (Basic Elementary Math) on WonderHowTo.

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How To Decipher Hamlet, Macbeth & More with SparkNotes' No Fear Shakespeare Study Guide

Sat, 08 Jan 2011 03:29:35 GMT

Let's face it— most people don't understand Shakespeare's language. If they say they do, they're probably lying. The poetic words of the world's most famous playwright continue to plague school children and college lit. majors alike, but not anymore.

SparkNotes, one of the only free online study guides, now owned by Barnes & Noble, was started by four Harvard students over 10 years ago to help give high school and college students help understanding old literature. Currently, those teens and undergraduates can find help for others subjects, such as poetry, history, film, philosophy, math, health, physics, biology, chemistry, economics and sociology.

In the past, they had study guides for most of William Shakespeare's work, but now they've gone a step further and broken down the lyrical madness of the English Renaissance into a modern day translation— you know— the kind of words we speak today. They list the translation side-by-side with the original text, so you see exactly what's going on.

They call it No Fear Shakespeare.

To see why it's so fearless, check out the sample images below.

Some highlights from above:

Hamlet
If that his majesty would aught with us, we shall express our duty in his eye, and let him know so.
turns into
If His Majesty wants us to do any favor for him, tell him his wish is my command.

MacbethLet your highness command upon me, to the which my duties are with a most indissoluble tie forever knit.
turns into
Whatever your highness commands me to do, it is always my duty to do it.

Romeo & Juliet
My bosom’s lord sits lightly in his throne, and all this day an unaccustomed spirit lifts me above the ground with cheerful thoughts.
turns into
Love rules my heart, and all day long a strange feeling has been making me cheerful.

Othello
For besides these beneficial news, it is the celebration of his nuptial. So much was his pleasure should be proclaimed.
turns into
For besides the good news, we are also celebrating his marriage. That’s the end of the announcement.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream
O sweet bully Bottom! Thus hath he lost sixpence a day during his life.
turns into
Oh that great, funny guy, Bottom! He would have gotten a pension of six pence a day for his whole life.

Twelfth Night
It is perchance that you yourself were saved.
turns into
It was a total fluke that you yourself were saved.

Deciphering Shakespeare

To check out the full translations above, along with more of Shakespeare's work, simply visit the No Fear Shakespeare section at SparkNotes. The best part— it's free! Plus, it tells you exactly how to cite each play for high school and college essays using MLA, APA and more, including footnotes. There's also links to purchase eBooks or a regular print version at B&N.

To go directly to a title and start deciphering Shakespeare's language, follow the below links.

All No Fear Shakespeare Titles

Image credit: Detail of a portrait of William Shakespeare made out of text from his sonnets

Via How To Decipher Hamlet, Macbeth & More with SparkNotes' No Fear Shakespeare Study Guide on WonderHowTo.

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How To Mutilate Candy Gummy Bears with Exploratory Science Experiments

Thu, 06 Jan 2011 01:21:54 GMT

Who could resist a gummy bear? Those rubbery little candy creatures shaped like a bear are just too cute and too delicious to pass up. If you can't get any enjoyment out of those gelatin-based confectioneries, then you're simple not human. Even scientists love them, but not for their seductively sweet properties...

If you've ever wondered what a gummy bear looks like frozen in liquid nitrogen, you've come to the right place. If you want to see those saccharine, ursine candies liquefied using a high-frequency sonication, you're in for a real treat. And if you're curious to know the density of those gummies, you'll find that out, too.

Actually, you'll learn a lot about gummy bears with the science experiments below, thanks to Joanne Loves Science and made scientist C for Chemistry. Not only are gummy bears yummy, they're educational, too!

Freeze Gummy Bears with Liquid Nitrogen & Shatter Them!

Freeze a gummi bear in liquid nitrogen and shatter it

Liquefy Gummy Bears with High-Frequency Sound Waves!

Liquefy a Gummy Bear with high-frequency sound waves using a sonicator

Oxidize Gummy Bears with Molten Potassium Chlorate!

Oxidize gummy bears with molten potassium chlorate

Gummy Bears Can Demonstrate Crystallization & Osmosis!

Use Gummi Bears to demonstrate osmosis and crystallization

Digest Gummy Bears with Trypsin!

Determine a Gummy Bear's Density!

Determine a Gummy Bear's Mass & Length!

Image credit

Via How To Mutilate Candy Gummy Bears with Exploratory Science Experiments on WonderHowTo.

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How to freeze a gummi bear in liquid nitrogen and shatter it

Wed, 05 Jan 2011 19:12:25 GMT

If you've ever taken high school chemistry, you may already be familiar with the ability of liquid nitrogen to freeze soft object so hard that they will shatter. This video will teach you a fun experiment utilizing this property of liquid nitrogen. It invovles gummi bears frozen and soaked in water or liquid nitrogen (or not, for the control) and then smashed in a most satisfying way.

Watch the how-to video for How to freeze a gummi bear in liquid nitrogen and shatter it on WonderHowTo.

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How to use Gummi Bears to demonstrate osmosis and crystallization

Wed, 05 Jan 2011 19:07:55 GMT

Gummi Bears are great for science experiments due to their gelatinous makeup. In this video you will learn how NOT to make a Gummi Bear conduct electricity, but in fact how to use them to demonstrate osmosis and crystallization by preparing them for conductivity.

Watch the how-to video for How to use Gummi Bears to demonstrate osmosis and crystallization on WonderHowTo.

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How to liquefy a Gummy Bear with high-frequency sound waves using a sonicator

Wed, 05 Jan 2011 19:05:06 GMT

A sonicator is a scientific device used to liquefy cells in order to study their proteins. The same tool can also be used to liquefy other things, including Gummy Bears! This video will show you how to use a sonicator to destroy a Gummy Bear completely in a very scientific way.

Watch the how-to video for How to liquefy a Gummy Bear with high-frequency sound waves using a sonicator on WonderHowTo.

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How to lift fingerprints from a bottle of water with super glue

Wed, 05 Jan 2011 19:01:42 GMT

Does someone keep drinking part of water bottle and leaving them around your house or office, taunting you with their wastefulness? Thanks to forensic technology, it is possible to catch the culprit with easy household materials. This video will show you how to use super glue to lift fingerprints off of a water bottle where normal fingerprint-lifting technology would not be sufficient. Plus, you g

Watch the how-to video for How to lift fingerprints from a bottle of water with super glue on WonderHowTo.

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How to perform various candle tricks based on scientific techniques

Wed, 05 Jan 2011 18:21:51 GMT

Here are some simple and fun tricks you can do at home with candles to astound and impress your friends and family. Create an extinguisher using baking soda and vinegar, use smoke to relight a candle and create a vacuum using a candle.

Watch the how-to video for How to perform various candle tricks based on scientific techniques on WonderHowTo.

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How to use electrochemical principles to grow small silver metal crystals

Tue, 04 Jan 2011 20:44:42 GMT

This is a great school project or weekend fun. Grow some silver crystals that you can see under a microscope! Use the princples of electrochemistry to create crystals out of silver metal, and watch them grow right before your eyes.

Watch the how-to video for How to use electrochemical principles to grow small silver metal crystals on WonderHowTo.

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How to create a simple, spiraling heat motor with rising hot air

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:50:49 GMT

Know someone who's full of hot air? Grab them and make a heat motor with this cool home science experiment with Mr. G. When air is heated, it rises. This experiment uses that natural law to create a simple, spiraling heat 'motor'.

You'll need candles, a long BBQ match, some paper plates, and scissors. This is a good one for kids, with parental supervision.

Watch the how-to video for How to create a simple, spiraling heat motor with rising hot air on WonderHowTo.

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How to bend a stream of water with this home science experiment

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:48:20 GMT

In this rapid fire video, Mr. G introduces us to the idea of atoms, static electricity, and opposing charges. We've all seen a balloon pick up static electricity from a wool sweater and stick to a wall, but watch how the same charged balloon can bend water! For this experiment you'll need a balloon, a wool sweater and a running tap.

Watch the how-to video for How to bend a stream of water with this home science experiment on WonderHowTo.

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How to explore Bernoulli's Principle with this simple home science trick

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:36:07 GMT

Bernoulli's Principle states that when an incompressible fluid moves through different sizes of tube, the fluid's speed changes. This simple do it yourself science experiment presented by Mr. G shows this plain and simple.

This GREAT video will have you huffing and puffing your way to a lesson in spinning. Mr. G experiments on a small, medium, and LARGE scale. This one is EASY, VERSITILE, and mig

Watch the how-to video for How to explore Bernoulli's Principle with this simple home science trick on WonderHowTo.

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How to explore potential and kinetic energy with this rocket balls experiment

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:33:52 GMT

Have you got the balls for this experiment? You'll need at least 4; a basketball, tennis ball, squash ball and simple rubber ball. With these in hand, Mr. G will show you how to experiment with potential and kinetic energy while launching these suckers nearly into outer space. 3, 2, 1.... blast off!

Watch the how-to video for How to explore potential and kinetic energy with this rocket balls experiment on WonderHowTo.

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How to weld plastic bottle caps together to make your own water vortex

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:32:44 GMT

Forget a message in a bottle, how about your own water vortex!? This simple, step-by-step video shows you how to 'weld' two plastic bottle caps together so you have a tight, dry seal for your very own home water vortex. You'll need a heating element, a non-stick pan, some 2 liter plastic bottles and several extra plastic bottle caps. Now you can hold a vortex in your very own hand.

Watch the how-to video for How to weld plastic bottle caps together to make your own water vortex on WonderHowTo.

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How to weigh something you can't see with this cool science trick

Mon, 03 Jan 2011 17:31:36 GMT

With this cool science trick by Mr. G, learn how to weigh something you can't even see! Using a stick, some string and two balloons, you can see in your very own home that air, invisible as it is, has weight. This is a good example to show atmospheric pressure.

Watch the how-to video for How to weigh something you can't see with this cool science trick on WonderHowTo.

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How to impress people during the holidays with scientific tricks

Thu, 23 Dec 2010 01:19:51 GMT

Magically get a hardboiled egg into (and out of) a bottle, make a star using toothpicks and challenge someone in a brain teaser using wooden matches. Mr. G demonstrates how in this video tutorial and, for all the eager students whose brains are brimming with curiosity, explains the science behind it all.

Watch the how-to video for How to impress people during the holidays with scientific tricks on WonderHowTo.

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How to make lightning using everyday household materials

Thu, 23 Dec 2010 01:18:04 GMT

Make lightning and generate tens of thousands of volts in your own kitchen at home using ordinary household objects! Mr. G demonstrates the amazing Triboelectric Effect and explains the electron exchange via adhesion and separation that makes it all possible.

Watch the how-to video for How to make lightning using everyday household materials on WonderHowTo.

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How To Watch the Total Lunar Eclipse Tonight (Dec. 20-21, 2010)

Mon, 20 Dec 2010 00:32:14 GMT

Umbra, penumbra.

Not exactly abracadabra, but if you've taken an astronomy class, you know exactly what the umbra and penumbra are. And any Earthling would agree that the umbra is the best place to be during a solar or lunar eclipse.

When the Sun, Earth and Moon are precisely aligned, the sky darkens in an eclipse.

Solar Eclipses

There are three different types of solar eclipses; partial, total and annular. The partial solar eclipse slightly dims the normal daytime sunlight, whereas totality completely devours it. The annular is somewhere in-between, where the Moon, at its farthest distance from Earth, lets the rim of the Sun surround it. Think of an eyeball, where the pupil is dilated and the iris is a thin layer around it.

No matter what solar eclipse it is, the umbra is the place to be.

The umbra is the fully shaded inner region of the shadow cast by the Moon when completely aligned (in the middle) with the Earth and Sun. On Earth, it's a small area of land that the shadow falls on, where the total or annular eclipse can best be seen, in all its glory.

It's truly a magnificent sight. Those in the penumbra can also enjoy the awesome astronomical event, but not its entirety.

Though a solar eclipse is a spectacular sight to see, a lunar eclipse can be just as enjoyable, if not more.

Lunar Eclipses

Like a solar eclipse, a lunar eclipse also happens when the Sun, Earth and Moon are precisely aligned, but this time the Earth is in the middle. And there are no annular lunar eclipses, only partial and total.

During a total lunar eclipse, the Sun shines directly on the Earth, and the Earth casts a shadow over the moon. When the Moon is in the umbra, the darkest part of the shadow, on Earth, the full moon is bigger and brighter than ever before.

But not everyone can see a total eclipse.

In The Friendly Guide to the Universe, Nancy Hathaway says that "Eclipses occur every year—seven at the most, two at the least. So why don't we see more of them? Lunar eclipses are visible only at night. Half the time, they happen during the day and can be seen only from the other side of Earth. Solar eclipse are even more elusive because they are visible for only a few minutes and only within the path cast by the Moon's shadow. The path is so narrow that in all of England over the last thousand years, only five total solar eclipses* have been visible."

But if you're like me, a total lunar eclipse is the one to look our for. And you're in luck, because the next total lunar eclipse is just a day away, depending on where you're in the world.

Total Lunar Eclipse on December 20th/21st, 2010

This coming total lunar eclipse will only be visible to North America and the western half of South America, and will start on December 20th at roughly 10:30PM (PST). For those on the east, it will start on December 21st at roughly 1:30AM (EST). At that time, Earth's shadow will appear as a dark-red bite at the edge of the lunar disk. It takes about an hour for the "bite" to expand and swallow the entire Moon.

It's expected to last about 3 1/2 hours, with its peak totality commencing at 11:41PM (PST) and 2:41 (EST), lasting for approximately 72 minutes.

But this total lunar eclipse is even more special because it happens on the same day as the winter solstice. The winter solstice is the shortest day of the year, and marks the official beginning of the winter season.

According to NASA, the last total lunar eclipse that happened on the winter solstice was Dec. 21, 1638. The next one will Dec. 21, 2094.

This five picture combination above shows various stages of a total lunar eclipse over Baghdad, Iraq, between 1:30-2:30am local time on March 4, 2007. Weather permitting, skygazers in North and Central America and a tiny sliver of South America will boast the best seats to this year's only total eclipse of the moon.

Viewing the Total Lunar Eclipse

So, there aren't necessarily any instructions for watching the total lunar eclipse, except DON'T MISS IT! Those on the west coast might find it easier to watch, but those on the east might already be in bed.

But really, it's worth a night of sleeplessness.

If you absolutely need a how-to for this event, check out eHow's How to View a Lunar Eclipse. But really, you can enjoy it any way you like; from the comfort of your living room window, to the dampness of your own lawn, to the coldness of the nearest mountaintop— it will still be a wonderful sight.

References: SPACE.com, NPR, Wikipedia, The Friendly Guide to the Universe

Image credits: 1, 2, 3

* Originally states four total solar eclipses, but since the book's publish date there was one more, in 1999.

Via How To Watch the Total Lunar Eclipse Tonight (Dec. 20-21, 2010) on WonderHowTo.

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How to hunt and find fallen meteorites from a meteor shower

Tue, 14 Dec 2010 01:01:36 GMT

The Geminid meteor shower 2010 is tonight, climaxing sometime between midnight and dawn Tuesday. Usually, the Geminid meteor showers in December are awesome spectacles, one of the most intense meteor showers of the year, but this year the moon will be out until after midnight, lessening visibility.

Watch the how-to video for How to hunt and find fallen meteorites from a meteor shower on WonderHowTo.

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How to use dry ice for cool science tricks, including making acid and freezing stuff

Mon, 13 Dec 2010 22:30:11 GMT

If you ever had a cool high school chemistry teacher, they probably demonstrated for you how dry ice can freeze everyday objects. But oh, it can do so much more and freeze so many more interesting things. This video will show you some fun dry ice tricks you can do, from making water acidic to freezing pure alcohol to making tomatoes so hard you can smash them with a hammer.

Watch the how-to video for How to use dry ice for cool science tricks, including making acid and freezing stuff on WonderHowTo.

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How To Be Your Own SpaceX: Design, Build & Test Liquid-Fueled Rocket Engines

Wed, 08 Dec 2010 23:04:53 GMT

Move over NASA— SpaceX is taking over.

Well, not really. But today, the privately funded spacecraft company broke all expectations when their Dragon capsule fell to a soft landing in the Pacific Ocean, completing an undoubtedly successful demo flight of nearly two full trips around Earth. It was the first re-entry of a commercial spacecraft ever, bringing commercial space transportation closer to reality.

The Dragon spacecraft launched from Cape Canaveral this morning, with the help of a Falcon 9 rocket.

A SpaceX statement said:

SpaceX launched its Dragon spacecraft into low-Earth orbit atop a Falcon 9 rocket at 10:43 AM EST from Launch Complex 40 at the Air Force Station at Cape Canaveral.

The Dragon spacecraft orbited the Earth at speeds greater than 17,000 miles per hour, reentered the Earth’s atmosphere, and landed in the Pacific Ocean shortly after 2:00 PM EST.

This marks the first time a commercial company has successfully recovered a spacecraft reentering from low-Earth orbit. It is a feat performed by only six nations or government agencies: the United States, Russia, China, Japan, India, and the European Space Agency.

It is also the first flight under NASA’s COTS program to develop commercial supply services to the International Space Station. After the Space Shuttle retires, SpaceX will fly at least 12 missions to carry cargo to and from the International Space Station as part of the Commercial Resupply Services contract for NASA. The Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft were designed to one day carry astronauts; both the COTS and CRS missions will yield valuable flight experience toward this goal.

Participants include:

Elon Musk, SpaceX CEO and CTO (via satellite from Mission Control in Hawthorne, CA)
Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX President
Alan Lindenmoyer, NASA Commercial Crew and Cargo Program Manager

If you want, download the PDF of the official Press Kit from SpaceX.

Now, if Elon Musk (the co-founder of PayPal) can do it, you can, too. But you might want to start a little smaller, with basic rocketry. Maybe a small liquid-fueled rocket engine...

DESIGN, BUILD and TEST SMALL LIQUID-FUEL ROCKET ENGINES

It's an oldie, but a goody for anyone interested in rocketry and spaceflight. This extensive how-to manual from Leroy J. Krzycki of ROCKETLAB has been out of print for some time now, and it can be access online from multiple websites (or via the chapter links below):

http://risacher.yi.org/
http://gramlich.net/

You can also download the full "HOW to DESIGN, BUILD and TEST SMALL LIQUID-FUEL ROCKET ENGINES" from 1967 as a PDF or tarball file. Here's a couple links where you can get them:

PDF
TAR 1
TAR 2
ZIP

FOREWORD:

The rocket engine is a relatively simple device in which propellants are burned and the resulting high pressure gases are expanded through a specially shaped nozzle to produce thrust. Gas pressurized propellant tanks and simple propellant flow controls make operation of a small liquid-fuel rocket engine about as simple as operating an automobile engine. Why then do so many amateur rocket engines fail or cause injury? The reason, usually and simply, is that the amateur is not accustomed to high pressure devices operating near material temperature limits. His normal everyday life is, instead, filled with devices and gadgets operating at low pressures and at low thermal energy levels. With proper design, careful workmanship, and good test equipment, operated in a safe manner, the amateur can build small, liquid-fuel rocket engines which will have hours of safe operating life.

The puropse of this publication is to provide the serious amateur builder with design information, fabrication procedures, test equipement requirements, and safe oeprating procedures for small liquid-fuel rocket engines.

1. Introduction

2. Propellant Choice and Properties

3. Design Equations
    1. Nozzle
    2. Combustion Chamber
    3. Chamber Wall Thickness
    4. Engine Cooling
    5. Heat Transfer
    6. Materials
    7. Injectors

4. Example Design Calculation
1. Design

5. Fabrication

6. Testing Equipment
1. Feed System
2. Feed System Components

7. Test Stand

8. Safety

9. Engine Check-Out and Calibration

10. Ignition and Operation

11. The Law

12. Bibliography

13. List of Suppliers

14. Conversion Factors

Copyright 1967 by Leroy J. Krzycki
Printed in the United States of America
First Printing: March 1967
Second Printing: March 1971
First WWW Edition: June 1996
SBN 9600-1980-4

Via How To Be Your Own SpaceX: Design, Build & Test Liquid-Fueled Rocket Engines on WonderHowTo.

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How to build an Ames room optical illusion to distort the size of objects

Fri, 03 Dec 2010 19:06:17 GMT

An Ames room is a room where the walls are proportioned in such a way that objects viewed against them appear to grow or shrink as they are moved around the room. They are very cool optical illusions, and if you don't have a full-sized one to visit at a science museum or something or want to use one to create size distortions for a film (like in Lord of the Rings) watch this video to learn how to

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How to detect poisonous arsenic levels using the toxicological Marsh test

Thu, 02 Dec 2010 18:58:17 GMT

Was Napoleon's death really due to stomach cancer, or was it arsenic poisoning? Some scientist believe the latter. Arsenic poisoning was a deadly weapon in that era, because it was undetectable when administered over a long period of time, making murder seem like natural causes. But if arsenic (As) is poisonous to most multicellular life, then what's with the newest NASA discovery?

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How to empty a large water bottle in two seconds with a straw

Tue, 30 Nov 2010 20:33:14 GMT

Bottled-beer chuggers the world over already know that letting air into your beverage with a straw makes it pour faster into your mouth. Did you know, however, that the same technique can be modified and used to empty a fluid into another container (or onto the floor) even more quickly? This video will show you how to use a modified straw technique to introduce air into a large bottle of water or

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How To Become A CNA

Sun, 28 Nov 2010 23:56:53 GMT

Step 1 Call Your State's Nurse Aide Registries for School Inquiries

It is necessary that you need to call your state's Nurse Registry so that you can be informed of the possible approved schools for CNA. This is so you avoid such problems when filing for your state exam application. As mandated by the federal government, all CNA schools must qualify for the standard requirements implemented by the registry. Otherwise, your application will be denied due to your chosen CNA training program. So it is best to first consult your registry before enrolling to any CNA training program.

Step 2 Enroll To Your Preferred CNA Training Program

Once you are done verifying the approved school that you have chosen, then you will be ready for studying the course. Usually the CNA training program runs less than five months.

Step 3 Be Prepared With The Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) Training

CNA training programs take 20 hours to complete for skills and practice and 40 hours for theory, for a total of 80 hours. The duration of CNA training can range from 60 hours to 125 hours, depending on the CNA school. The cost depends on your chosen approved CNA school. The cost will range from five hundred dollars to seven hundred dollars. The cost covers your tuition fee, textbooks, CPR training, and the fee for the State Exam. Additional costs to the student will include required immunizations, scrubs, a watch, and shoes.

Step 4 Always Study and Don't Miss the Classes

Other students may see the program as a very easy course because it only requires a short period of time when studying. However, what they do not know is that the course is very stressful and concepts are not easy to absorb. It needs constant studying and practicing to make it perfect. Being on CNA classes provide a whole lot of information about the program.

Step 5 Taking the CNA State Exam

When you are done with your CNA training program -- usually it ends after 2 or 4 months of training -- you are now ready to take the next challenge and that is taking the CNA certification exam. The exam is divided into two parts -- written and clinical exam. The test is designed to assess the knowledge, skills and abilities of every applicant. So always be sure to be well-prepared when taking the CNA certification state exam.

Step 6 Get Certified

Passing the test is the only way you can get your license or certification. CNA certification or license is your gateway to work employment. Get a good CNA review and study very well. Stay focused and know your priorities.

Via How To Become A CNA on WonderHowTo.

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How to create a miniature fireworks show by burning steel wool and potassium chlorate

Sun, 28 Nov 2010 21:07:24 GMT

We've all seen some the awesome fireworks that steel wool can produce, either in person or on video— and as simple as it is, we just can't get enough of it! It's really basic chemistry, but sometimes simplicity can amaze more than complexity. And in this video, our favorite web scientist, [/creator/www.nurdrage.co

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How to perform 10 awesome science magic party tricks

Fri, 19 Nov 2010 00:36:50 GMT

The best part of science class for many was the awesome demonstrations and experiments teachers use to demonstrate scientific principles. This video will teach you how to capture some of that magic by performing ten awesome science party / magic tricks, like relighting a match with smoke and rolling a can around on it's rim.

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How to make hydrazine sulfate with the hypochlorite and the Ketazine process

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 21:25:01 GMT

Hydrazine sulfate has many uses, but most notably, it's been used under the trade name of Sehydrin, a treatment for anorexia, cachexia and some even think cancer. But for we DIY chemists, it's useful for something entirely different— as a substitute for the more dangerous pure liquid hydrazine in chemical reactions. NurdRage shows you how to make it via some hypochlorite a

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How to find a data point (Xi) with the Z-Score formula

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 02:15:22 GMT

In this free video math tutorial, we learn how to use the Z-Score formula to find a data point (Xi) in statistics. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Stats is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those who are struggling likewise have

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How to factor trinomials using the Berry factoring method

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 02:07:00 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn how to factor trionmials using the Berry method. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those who are struggling likewise have all the time

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How to simplify expressions involving i in intermediate algebra

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 01:56:06 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn how to work with imaginary numbers in intermediate algebra. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those who are struggling likewise have al

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How to work with logarithms in intermediate algebra

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 01:54:57 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn about logarithms — what they are, how they work and how to solve math problems involving them. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those

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How to do synthetic division in intermediate algebra

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 01:53:33 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn how to divide a polynomial by a linear factor (e.g., x - a) using synthetic division. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those who are s

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How to divide two polynomials in intermediate algebra

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 01:42:18 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn how to divide two polynomials using long division. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those who are struggling likewise have all the tim

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How to solve a system of equations with two unknowns in algebra

Wed, 17 Nov 2010 01:40:29 GMT

In this free video math lesson YAY MATH, we learn how to simultaneous equations — sets of equations with multiple variables — in basic algebra. With mathematics, as with anything else, not everyone progresses at the same rate. Algebra is no exception. Happily, in the age of Internet video tutorials, this isn't a problem. Those who progress quickly can go beyond what's being taught them and those w

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How to compose three types of couplet poems

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 22:34:36 GMT

Couplets were a favorite of greats like Geoffry Chaucer and Shakespeare. Short, concise, and sweet, couplets allowed for a less time consuming way to express poetic sentiment. They're also great for adding rhythm and rhyme to a poem.

If you want to add couplets to your next poem, or to compose an entire poem out of couplets, check out this video for the how-to.

Couplets are two-line poems that o

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How to write an informative professional biography with tips

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 22:28:38 GMT

Fiction books are often cited as being more entertaining than non-fiction books as you get to travel to exotic, sometimes alien worlds and the characters can sometimes be supernatural, with cool powers like flying or being able to heal instantly (vampires, anyone?).

But non-fiction books like biographies can be just as interesting if you're writing them about the right person. Check out this vid

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How to write a good short story with tips and tricks

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 22:01:44 GMT

Short stories are, in our opinion, one of the most exciting and interesting stories to write. Unlike longer stories or novels, they don't involve strenuous, fatiguing time commitment. But like a novel, they offer you the ability to imagine and live a whole new world with words.

If you're interested in penning a short story, check out this video to learn how to make it thrilling and professional.

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How to write a bestselling fantasy novel with tips

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 21:57:26 GMT

November is national Novel Writing Month, which means if you've been dreaming about penning a bestselling science fiction or fantasy thriller since you turned 10, now is the time to put pen to paper.

Check out this video to learn how to write a fantasy novel with tips from a freelance writer.

How to write a fantasy novel video guide provides you with step by step instructions to help you get sta

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How To Pass Your Math Class With 9 Tips

Mon, 15 Nov 2010 16:25:33 GMT

Not all people can catch up with formulas, and problem solving skills, but with the right attitude and proper time management there's no doubt you'll pass the subject.

How to pass your math class

Be prepared. Physically, mentally and emotionally! Put your mind into it. Tell yourself that you are willing to learn and will try not to get bored.
Gather all the things you need the night before your class, like your calculator, books and notes.
Be on time. Show your teacher how serious you are on the subject by not getting into class late.
Listen attentively to the discussions. If you don't understand something, don't hesitate to ask your teacher. Not everyone can understand a solving a math problem immediately.
Do your assignment right after the class. Do this to prevent delays. If you do your assignment immediately it won't be hard recalling the said lesson.
Use all your resources. Use the internet, online quizzes, and practice by yourself on any given problem. This will help you prepare yourself on the upcoming quizzes or assignments.
Don't skip class. Even if you don't feel like going to your class because your friends asked you to go with them to the amazing new park. Remember your goal is to pass the subject. Motivate yourself.
Start studying at least a week before the exam. There are some things you cannot do at last minute. It's better to be prepared than to be unprepared.
Do not lose hope. Stay focus even tough how hard it is, and if you do in no time you'll get to the top.

Remember this: Whatever the mind can conceive and believe, the mind can achieve.

Good luck!

Via How To Pass Your Math Class With 9 Tips on WonderHowTo.

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How to build a strong body paragraph for a school essay

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 22:12:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to build a strong body paragraph for a school essay. This consists of several sentences unified by a common point. The topic sentence is first followed by the supporting sentences. The topic sentence should express what the attitude of the topic is and describe it. Limit the scope of the topic sentence, don't make it too broad. Development is essential to an effectiv

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How to take a reading comprehension test

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 22:06:01 GMT

In this video, we learn how to take a reading comprehension test. First, you need to learn how to deal with the questions that are asked on the test. To help, you should learn how to read quickly instead of reading the entire paragraph. Read the questions first so you know what to look out for as you are reading the paragraph presented to you. This will save you a lot of time when you are taking t

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How to write a literature review for thesis writers

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 21:27:01 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to write a literature review for thesis writers. The three elements are: discuss the most relevant theory, introduce and define key terms, and discuss recent research in the field. You will need to include the most important literature, quote directly only if you discuss at some length, and use indirect quotes as well. Focus on notions you will use in your empirical

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How to study for the GMAT

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 21:18:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to study for the GMAT. Take a practice test early on so you can feel what the test is like to go all the way through in one sitting. Do this as soon as you can, especially if you have a short time frame. Figure out what you did wrong on particular questions, but don't worry about the score. The average of your last practice tests can give you an idea of where you would

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How to study for college exams

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 21:03:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to study for college exams. Start focusing and get ready for the new exam after you take the first one. Just make sure you wind down and relax after that test for a couple of days. This will let your brain rest and give you a well-deserved break from studying. Just make sure you get back on studying so you can do well on your next exam as well. This process will become

Watch the how-to video for How to study for college exams on WonderHowTo.

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How to improve your teaching of reflective writing

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 20:51:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to improve your teaching of reflective writing. If you ask a student to reflect on what they have learned, you will get an entirely different type of writing. They will be able to respond on a personal level and give examples in their lives. Offer a question and asked the student to think about it. Give them a little bit of guidance on the subject they need to write

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How to prepare for a school exam

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 20:33:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to prepare for a school exam. When it gets close to your exam date, think about how you're going to prepare. Start by making a time table to prepare and make a copy of it to carry around with you, follow it exactly. You may need to re-asses your priorities and take some time off from your part time job as well. Or, try to make time to study while you're at work! Make

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How to make a candy DNA model

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 19:51:00 GMT

In this video we learn how to make a candy DNA model. First, purchase some black licorice and another color. Grab two each from the pack and then purchase some gummy bears. After this, pick out four different colors from the gummy bears bag. Take your scissors and put the licorice together. Cut one inch pieces so you end up with six of them. These will represent the sugars in the molecules. Once y

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How to do an animal blubber (fat) glove experiment

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 19:27:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to do an animal blubber (fat) glove experiment. You will need: a big bowl with ice water in it, 4 plastic bags, thermometers, and some vegetable shortening. To start, you will take the shortening and scoop it into plastic bag and then stick one of your hands in it. After this, stick two bags over your opposite hand with the temperature into it. Then, you will stick each

Watch the how-to video for How to do an animal blubber (fat) glove experiment on WonderHowTo.

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How to study effectively in college

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 19:09:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to study effectively in college. First of all, make sure you don't have an distractions around you. Find a place where you can study quietly where nobody will bother you and where you won't break your concentration. Find a way to study that works for you, study something that you don't know and write it down to help you remember it better. Try studying alone or with ano

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How to find part-time work while in college

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 19:06:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to find part-time work while in college. First, ask your fellow students if they have a job and see if they need help. You can find some position in newspapers or online as well. Look at local restaurants and cafes to see if they need help, these are easy jobs to get while in college. Also, try sending your resume into different companies to see if they need help and

Watch the how-to video for How to find part-time work while in college on WonderHowTo.

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How to make a rocket with your kid

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 17:54:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to make a rocket with your kid. First, go to a craft store and buy a starter set that has all the parts for the rocket inside of it. After this, you can take all the parts out of it and grab the directions out of it. Use the directions to help your child make the rocket and get together with groups if you want to make a day of it. After you make the rocket, you and y

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How to study effectively

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 17:18:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to study effectively. First, manage your time by making a schedule that works for you. Make a list of what you have to do by order of importance. Use your time wisely and take notes to get the keys of information. Summarize statements and then review. Reading is also a key point, make sure you preview and ask yourself questions on each section. Do any practice sections

Watch the how-to video for How to study effectively on WonderHowTo.

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How to experiment with dry ice

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 16:15:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to experiment with dry ice. You can buy dry ice from any grocery store, so grab that and you will also need some soap. After this, grab the dry ice with some thick gloves and set aside. Then, put some hot water inside of a container with some soap. Put the dry ice last inside of the container. After you're finished, you can wait to see the reaction occur! It will sta

Watch the how-to video for How to experiment with dry ice on WonderHowTo.

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How to factor a trinomial by GCF then grouping method

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 15:21:00 GMT

This is a video tutorial in the Education category where you are going to learn how to factor a trinomial by GCF then grouping method. For example how to factor the trinomial 6r(squared) â€“ 28r + 16. The first thing is to get the greatest common factor (GCF) of the numbers. So, GCF of 6, 28 and 16 is 2. The trinomial can now be written as 2{3r(squared) â€“ 14r + 8}. To factor by grouping, see the

Watch the how-to video for How to factor a trinomial by GCF then grouping method on WonderHowTo.

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How to study for school more effectively by staying healthy

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 14:57:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to study for school more effectively by staying healthy. Once of the things you should be careful of, is to stay healthy while studying. If you don't have a balanced diet, your mind will suffer. Get your fruits and vegetables, don't just eat junk food. Make sure you get out and get exercise, which will make you feel better and give you a break from studying. A healthy m

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How to study for school tests

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 14:39:00 GMT

In this video from WantHighMarks we learn how to study for your tests in school. One thing that you always need to do is to go over the class examples that your teacher taught you. These are your best preparations for what is on the test. Teachers will put questions on the test that are similar to the examples you learn in class. Your teachers can't guarantee that you'll do the work on your ow

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How to use probability to predict weather

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 13:12:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to use probability to predict weather. Probability is the chance of something happening. If you want to know what the weather is going to be like, you can look at the weather report and see what each day is going to do throughout the week. Ask yourself what the probability is that the weather will be cloudy, judging from what the current work week weather is. First, fig

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How to write equations in pre-Algebra

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 13:03:00 GMT

This is a video tutorial in the Education category where you are going to learn how to write equations in pre-Algebra. Write an equation that represents the following sentence and then solve the equation. The product of n and 6 is 12. That's n multiplied by 6 or 6n = 12. We want to solve our equation for n. That is we want to get n all by itself on the left hand side. Since n is multiplied by 6, w

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How to make iodine easily

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 12:57:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to make iodine easily. You will need potassium iodine and sulfuric acid to make this. First, add the acid into the potassium iodine slowly. After you add in each part, swirl the beaker slowly so it gets mixed together. After you have added in all of the potassium, you will place this into a beaker filled with ice water while you add in more, because the mixture gets rea

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How to write an article

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 12:51:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to write an article. When writing an article, you need to use the proper formatting. This starts with the introduction to grab the reader's attention. Then the middle will elaborate on the introduction with 200 words maximum. The end will give the conclusion and summarize in around 50 words total. Don't give an opinion, just keep it un-biased and let the reader come up

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How to do operations with radical expressions

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 12:21:00 GMT

Radical expressions are those in which the radical symbol (under root sign denoting the square root or the nth root) is present (either multiplied or added). Solving these is a bit tricky, but involves similar algebraic maneuvers in a different way. This video begins with an explanation of the general rules to be followed while solving such mathematical problems. The concept of simplified form

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How to test for boron with curcumin

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 12:09:00 GMT

Want to test whether the soil sample or a water sample contains boron, watch this video. As shown in the video, the first step is to create test specimens of various concentrations using a simple turmeric and ethanol solution as a base for comparison. The basis of this experiment is the fact that curumin present in turmeric reacts with boron to form a reddish compound and so the result of this

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How to write a thesis statement

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 10:12:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to write a thesis statement. What you really want to say about your topic is what the thesis statement is. It's nothing but your topic and what you want to say, so don't get scared by the term "thesis statement". Practice writing your paper using this saying instead of thinking of the thesis statement term. Usually in school you are given the topic you are going to writ

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How to use the Pythagorean Formula to find a missing side

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 09:45:00 GMT

The Pythagorean theorem is a simple theorem that states that - for a right angled triangle the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the length of the remaining two sides. In this video, a right angled triangle with three sides, namely a, b and c is shown. One side "a" is of unknown length. The length of the other two sides are given. This problem is then

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How to avoid research paper plagiarism with quotations

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 09:27:00 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to avoid research paper plagiarism with quotations. Whenever you use a source, you can quote from it using the author's direct words, or you can paraphrase. Paraphrasing means putting something into your own phrases and sentences, because you will have to repeat certain key words. If you do this, you have to make sure you are not copying the quote exactly, and that i

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How to make notecards for your reasearch paper

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 08:24:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to make note cards for your research paper. Note cards will help keep your data organized and easy to organize. Take a pen and write out the title of the card on the top, then write out the pages you got the information from next to that. From here, start to write down information on the card, covering one topic per card. Use any notes that will help you out and have th

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How to set study goals

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 07:03:10 GMT

In this tutorial, we learn how to set study goals. A goal is a clear mental picture of something you want to achieve. Goals help you plan and direct your efforts. They help motivate you as well. Set goals that are achievable and not too ambitious, or you will be let down. Many students will set short term, medium term, and long term goals for their education and life. Set goals that you know you c

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How to use the definition of a factorial

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 06:57:00 GMT

This is a video tutorial in the Education category where you are going to learn how to use the definition of a factorial. The definition of "n" factorial is written as n! = n(n-1)(n-2)â€¦..3x2x1. And 0! = 1. That's for convenience. Now how to use this definition to evaluate things that you may not be otherwise able to evaluate? Say for example you want to find out 873! divided by 874!. These numbe

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How to write a thesis introduction

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 06:54:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to write a thesis introduction. First, you will need a concrete story. Start your thesis with a story that shows your interests. The second part is to have an interesting question that you will answer in the thesis. The third part is to have an explanation. Tell the reader why the question is so important and explain it. The fourth part is chapter details. Introduce the

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How to factor a trinomial by unfoiling (trial and error)

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 06:33:00 GMT

Factorization of a trinomial can be achieved by using the standard method of appropriately "splitting the middle term" or by this method as shown in the video. This method is essentially similar to the standard one. It involves splitting the first term (containing even powers of the variable) and then using the terms so obtained to form imaginary factors. The third term of the trinomial is

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How to cite footnotes for an English paper

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 06:24:00 GMT

In this video from thedarkwanderer we learn how to footnote your references in a paper. For this you need a list of your references used. Place a superscript right after the last word that you want to acknowledge. Then place the note proper at the bottom of the same page. Put the footnote numeral slightly raised followed by the note proper. Make sure that the superscript number corresponds to

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How to use chromatography to study plants

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 05:57:00 GMT

This video is a tutorial on how to use chromatography correctly to study plants. The tools needed to complete the task are a plant, jar or bottle, rubbing alcohol, paper coffee filter and a plastic spoon. The first step is to chop the plant up and place it into a jar followed by filling the jar with rubbing alcohol. The jar must then be placed into a pan of warm water for five full minutes. You mu

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How to pass an exam by staying calm

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 05:36:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to pass an exam by staying calm. If you write an exam in a panic, you might not read the question properly. To become calm, take a number of deep breaths just before you arrive. Sit down, close your eyes, and take the breaths. You will feel yourself become much more calm and you will be ready to take the exam! Just don't freak out and try to scramble through the exam, i

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How to take great notes in school

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 05:21:00 GMT

In this video WantHighMarks tells us how to master notes, assignments, readings, and group projects. There are many students who write down everything the teacher says or writes. This is not effective. If you write everything down, you probably won't even know what you've written. As you try to write everything down, you're not thinking about the material you're supposed to learn. Don't copy

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How to write a good argumentative essay introduction

Sat, 13 Nov 2010 04:54:00 GMT

In this video, we learn how to write a good argumentative essay introduction. This is a persuasive essay that is just an argument. What makes this an essay is that it has an introductory section, main body, and concluding section. Many high schools and universities will require you to write an argumentative essay. You will first need to understand the process of writing the paper and then look at

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