WORKING WITH QTP TESTEVERYTHING

Tips to Optimize QTP Scripts to Yield Better Performance

2012-02-15T02:10:00.000-08:00

Tips to Optimize QTP Scripts to Yield Better Performance

We use Automated-testing tools to optimize our manual testing processes. But in order to reap full benefits of any automated testing tool, we must know the complete ins and outs of the tool otherwise it would be a huge waste of money spent on automation. We have to learn the automation tool very thoroughly. We also need to learn the language of the automation tool to do coding more effectively and efficiently. I believe that a software testing tool is as good as the person who is actually using it.
I have been getting so many emails from my esteemed readers asking about HP QuickTest Professional tutorials, QTP tips and tricks etc. Some readers even complain that their QTP scripts are too slow to execute. This time I decided to write a post on how to use QTP more effectively which means how to make our QTP scripts perform better. In order words, this post will throw light on some points, which will optimize your QTP scripts.
Some of the QTP optimization tips can be:
Tip – 1: You should not use hard coded wait statement until absolutely necessary. Instead of the wait statement, you should use either exist or synchronization (sync) statements. The wait statement waits for the number of seconds, which have been provided. For example using wait(5) will wait for 5 seconds even if the browser gets into a ready state even after 2 seconds which means a waste of 3 seconds. Imagine how much time would be wasted if you have say 10 wait statements per script and you are running a batch of 500 scripts. A better alternative is using sync or exist statements for example:

Browser("").Page("").Sync
var=Browser("").Page("").Exist(2)

Never use the exist statement without a value as it will take the default object synchronization timeout value from QTP settings. You can navigate to these settings from File->Settings and then go to Run tab. So use Exist(0) instead of Exist(10). Moreover, I will suggest to set the global object synchronization timeout to 1 second.
Tip – 2: Use declared variables instead of using variables on the fly. In order to enforce this in your scripts, use Option Explicit statement which forces the variable declaration. Moreover, using declared variables, scripts perform a bit faster. Also if you are using Option Explicit, it has to be the very first line of the code otherwise you will get an error.
Tip – 3: Using QTP for a longer period of time has a direct impact on the performance. It has been observed that a lot of Random Access Memory(RAM) gets consumed by QTP if QTP is running scripts for prolonged time. QTP starts eating system memory(memory leak) and sooner or later it will get hanged and we will be required to kill the qtpro.exe process and restart QTP all over again. In such a case, I will suggest you is to use QTP on computers with particular good amount of RAM and equally good clock speed.
Tip – 4: Do not load all addins while opening QTP. Use only the addins, which are required. This directly impacts QTP performance.
Tip – 5: I have personally experienced that opening QTP through a vbs file is faster than loading QTP through the icon.
Tip – 6: Switch to fast run mode. You can view this option in Tools->Options->Run. In fast mode, QuickTest Professional does not display the execution marker. In case you are running your scripts from Quality Center or QC, by default they will be run through fast mode.
Tip – 7: Disable the Smart identification feature.
Tip – 8: Switch off the video record option unless required as it will require fewer system resources. You can see this Option in QTP by navigating here Tools->Options->Run.
Tip – 9: Use of Active screen feature should be avoided, so that we increase QTP Tool performance.
Tip – 10: Instead of keeping the entire code in the same script, try to increase modularity by creating reusable components (Actions or functions) so that the code size can be reduced and also easier to maintain. To disable Action screen in QTP 11, go to Tools->Options->Active Screen and set the capture level to "None".
Tip – 11: Destroy the objects when you no longer need them. As objects take up relatively large amount of system resources, it is better to destroy them when you don’t need them anymore.
For example, refer the following code:

Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set objRootFolder = objFSO.GetFolder("C:\")
Set objFSO = Nothing
Msgbox "The folder was last modified on :"& objRootFolder.DateLastModified
Set objRootFolder=Nothing

Notice from the above code that we need objFSO code just to retrieve the handle of "C" folder. As soon as you get the handle, you no longer need the objFSO folder. So instead of destroying this object reference at the last line, you should destroy when you don’t need the object reference anymore. You should follow the principle of limiting object lifetime as much as possible.
Tip – 12: Creating an object reference increases the performance. For example, refer the following QTP code:

oEdit = Browser("Google").Page("Google").WebEdit("q")
oEdit.Set "Optimize QTP Scripts"

'The above code is definitely better in terms of performance than using the QTP code:

Browser("Google").Page("Google").WebEdit("q").Set "Optimize QTP Scripts"

You will not see major performance difference in this two liner code. To see a noticeable difference, you need to have hundreds of lines of QTP where you will see the difference. The reason is setting an object reference reduces the call to the Object repository.

Tip – 13: I have also seen that using With statement in HP QTP increases performance but only upto a very small extent. In order to add With statement from QTP IDE, navigate to Tools->Options->General tab and select the option "Automatically Generate "With" statements after recording" option.
Tip – 14: Having too many objects in the Object repository/shared object repository slows down the QTP scripts. So the best option is to have only the desired objects in the Object Repository.
Tip – 15: Use local variables in functions rather than using global variables. The best practice is to limit the scope of a variable as much as possible.
Tip – 16: Try to make sure that your QTP code does not wait for events, which have already been executed. For example see the below QTP code:

iTimer = Timer
objWindow.Close
Do
If Dialog("micclass:=Dialog").Exist(0) Then _
Dialog("micclass:=Dialog").Type MicEsc
Loop Until (Not objWindow.Exist) Or (Timer-iTimer>20)

Instead of having a loop which will wait for 20 seconds for an event to occur, you should have a loop similar to the above. This loop will continue to loop until either of the condition is met: Either the timer has crossed 20 seconds or the window no longer exists.

Jmeter: pass a value between threads

2012-01-10T23:40:00.000-08:00

Synopsis:

Find out ways to pass a value between threads (i.e. capturing a value in one of the thread and passing it to the other thread in the same test plan).

Tool Used: JMeter: Performance testing tool.

Solution: Sharing Variables

1) Used Sampler : BSF Sampler

1) Screenshot displaying the use of the BSF Sampler using ${__setProperty(storeid, ${storeid})}; for capturing the time. The website used is http://www.mail-archive.com/jmeter-user@jakarta.apache.org/info.html for displaying the value captured in one thread to the other thread.

Screenshot 1: Displaying the BSF Sampler capturing the time value using ${__setProperty(storetime, ${__time(HMS)})};

Screenshot 2: Displaying the time captured using ${__property(storetime)} in the other thread.

Screenshot3: Successful execution of the script displaying the time value captured in Thread2

QTP : object is Visible OR Not on Web Page

2012-01-10T21:48:00.000-08:00

Hi All,
Some times we have to check that a object(WebElement) is exist on page or not. For this we use object exist = False property but when we run the script it gets failed While object is not showing in the Page. We think that there is something wrong.
The reason behind why QTP is giving this because object is present in the page but not visible means it not displaying while it exist in HTML code.
So for this we have to be understand the object property( object.currentstyle.display) there will be case some time object inherit the property from its parent or another parent element property to display in page. First we have to identify that object when it not showing/displaying in page.We have to check its display property
Display property value we can get through like this

rem disvalue

disvalue =Browser(“Google”).Page(“Google”).Image(“Happy Holidays from Google!”).Object.currentStyle.display
if disvalue =”block” then
print ” object not displaying”
else
print ” object displaying”
end if
like this(incase if object using display property from its parent object ) we have to check by which element my object showing on page

Selenium disable add-ons pop-up for Custom firefox profile

2011-12-02T00:50:00.000-08:00

Here is the way to disable add-ons window which appears every time when selenium scripts are run on Custom Firefox Profile.

Close all instances of Firefox browser and delete the following files from the Custom Profile folder, this should reset Extension Manager and disable add-ons pop-up:
extensions.cache

extensions.ini

extensions.rdf

compatibility.ini

This Add-ons pop-up will not displayed the next time you run selenium scripts.

To find the Firefox profile, type in cmd run prompt "%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\" press enter

Tips to Decide What Test Cases to Automate

2011-12-01T01:35:00.000-08:00

It is impossible to automate all testing; the first step to successful automation is to determine what test cases should be automated first.

The benefit of automated testing is correlated with how many times a given test can be repeated. Tests that are only performed a few times are better left for manual testing. Good test cases for automation are those that are run frequently and require large amounts of data to perform the same action.

You can get the most benefit out of your automated testing efforts by automating:

Repetitive tests that run for multiple builds
Tests that are highly subject to human error
Tests that require multiple data sets
Frequently-used functionality that introduces high risk conditions
Tests that run on several different hardware or software platforms and configurations
Tests that take a lot of effort and time when doing manual testing

Success in test automation requires careful planning and design work. Start out by creating an automation plan. This plan allows you to identify the initial set of tests to automate, and serve as a guide for future tests. First, you should define your goal for automated testing and determine which types of tests to automate. There are a few different types of testing, and each has its place in the testing process. For instance, unit testing is used to test a small part of the intended application. Load testing is performed when you need to know how a web service responds under a heavy workload. To test a certain piece of the application’s UI, you would use functional or GUI testing.

After determining your goal and which types of tests to automate, you should decide what actions your automated tests will perform. Don’t just create test steps that test various aspects of the application’s behavior at one time. Large, complex automated tests are difficult to edit and debug. It is best to divide your tests into several logical, smaller tests. This structure makes your test environment more coherent and manageable and allows you to share test code, test data and processes. You will get more opportunities to update your automated tests just by adding small tests that address new functionality. Test the functionality of your application as you add it, rather than waiting until the whole feature is implemented.

When creating tests, try to keep them small and focused on one objective. For example, use separate tests for read-only versus read/write tests. This separation allows you to use these individual tests repeatedly without including them in every automated test.

Once you create several simple automated tests, you can group your tests into one, larger automated test. You can organize automated tests by the application’s functional area, major/minor division in the application, common functions or a base set of test data. If an automated test refers to other tests, you may need to create a test tree, where you can run tests in a specific order.

Vi - Linux Editor Commands

2011-10-15T01:04:00.000-07:00

Common vi Commands
Have a look at this list of common vi commands (there are many more, but these will at least allow you to get some basic work done). Then we'll do one more exercise before moving on.
Note: As with all of Linux, vi commands are case sensitive.
Positioning the Cursor

�	Move cursor one space right.
�	Move cursor one space left.
�	Move cursor up one line.
�	Move cursor down one line.
ctrl-F	Move forward one screen.
ctrl-B	Move backward one screen.
$	Move cursor to end of line.
^	Move cursor to beginning of line.
:1	Move to first line of file
:$	Move to last line of file
/	Search for a character string.
?	Reverse search for a character string.
x	Delete the character at the cursor position.
dd	Delete the current line.
p	Paste data that was cut with x or dd commands.
u	Undo.

Entering Input Mode

a	Add text after the cursor.
i	Insert text before the cursor.
R	Replace text starting at the cursor.
o	Insert a new line after the current one.

Entering Command Mode

esc

Switch from Input mode to Command mode.

Exiting or Saving Your File

:w	Write file to disk, without exiting editor.
ZZ	Save the file and exit.
:q!	Quit without saving.

Trying Out Some vi Commands
Here's another example to try out some of the vi commands. Enter the following command to fire up vi again, and you should see the file as we left it in the last example:
vi cow.joke
Changing Text
Let's change Bill's name to Biff on the second line. To do so, use the arrow keys to position your cursor on the third character of line 2 (the letter "l" in Bill); then press x twice (to delete the two l's). Now press i (to enter Input mode) and then type ff to complete the change from Bill to Biff.
Tip: Be careful about pressing the arrow keys while you're in Input mode. In some versions of vi you can position the cursor only in Command mode. Yuck.
You could also have used the R command to do this job of replacing text, so use it to change the other Bill now. Press esc to enter Command mode; then type /Bill to search for the word Bill. The cursor should move to line 4, right to where Bill is located.
Now position your cursor on the third character (the letter "l"), press R to replace the characters, and type ff. Both Bills should now be Biffs.
Adding and Deleting Lines
Here's how to add or delete a line. Press esc to enter Command mode; then press the o key to add a new line. You're in Input mode again, so you can type whatever you like on this new line. But that would ruin the joke, so delete this new line by pressing esc and then entering the dd command. The line you just added should go away.
Quitting without Saving Your Changes
Hmmm. . . . "Biff" just doesn't have that wholesome ring to it, so let's forget about all the changes we've made in this editing session and exit vi without saving the file. Make sure you're in Command mode, enter the :q! command, and then press enter. Your Linux prompt should return, and the cow.joke file will be just as it was before.
Parting Words about vi
Using vi can be frustrating, but it really isn't rocket science once you get used to the concept of the two modes and get the hang of when it's okay to move your cursor or enter text. If you're ever unsure about which mode you're in, simply press esc once or twice, and you can be sure you're in Command mode.
There are some powerful (but arcane) commands that diehard vi users use to get things done quickly in this relic-of-the-sixties text editor. The man vi command will tell you a lot more about vi if you decide you want to become proficient.

Basic UNIX Commands

2011-10-15T00:37:00.001-07:00

Directory	::
Show current directory	pwd
Show content of directory	ls -al
Changing directory	cd <newdir>
Creating directory	mkdir <dir>
Deleting directory if empty	rmdir <dir>
Deleting directory if full	rm -r <dir>
Moving directory	mv <olddir> <newdir>
Copy directory	cp -r <olddir> <newdir>
Files	::
Show file entry	ls -al <file>
Delete file	rm -i <file>
Move file	mv <file> <path>
Copy file	cp <file> <newfile>
Rename file	mv <oldfile> <newfile>
Show file content at once	cat <file>
Show file content page wise	more <file>
Show file with long lines	cat <file> \| fold
Show first 20 lines of file	head -20 <file>
Show last 20 lines of file	tail -20 <file>
Edit file	<editorname> <file>
Edit file with vi	vi <file>
Give all file permissions to yourself	chmod 700 <file>
The above even into subdirectories	chmod -R 700 <dir>
Open file for reading and executing for all	chmod 644 <file>
Starting file as program	<filneame> <arguments>
Find word in file	grep <word> <file>
Find all files which contain a word	grep -l <word> *
Find abstract pattern: ab 2 digits cd	grep 'ab[0-9][0-9]cd' <file>
Comparing two files	diff <file1> <file2>
Updating the date of a file	touch <file>
Giving a specific date to a file	touch 0101010199 <file>
Help	::
Getting help about a command	man <command>
Find command related to a term	man -k <term>
Where is a particular program if it is in the path	which <commandname>
Is a <name> a unix command or an alias in ksh	whence <commandname>
Aliases	::
Making an alias in csh/tcsh	alias <aliasname> '<long_command>'
Making an alias where the arguments go in the middle	alias <aliasneme> '<command> \!* <other>'
Making an alias in sh/bash/ksh	alias <aliasname>='<long_command>'
Using an alias	<aliasname> <arguments>
Use command instead of it's alias	\<command>
Showing all aliases	alias
Remove an alias	unalias <aliasname>
Adjustments	::
See environment variables	env
Setting the term variable if vi doesn't work	setenv term vt100
Opening the X-server for X-clients	xhost +
Setting the display for X-clients	setenv display <computer>:0.0
Internet	::
Telnet to another computer	telnet <computername>
Rlogin to another computer	rlogin -l <username_there> <computername>
Browsing the net with netscape	netscape
Check whether someone is logged in somwhere	finger user@host.domain
Check for all people on another computer	finger @host.domain
Talk to another person on another computer	talk user@host.domain
Ftp building up connection	ftp <computername>
Ftp adjusting for binary transfer	>bin
Ftp showing directory	>dir
Ftp changing directory	>cd /<path>/<path>
Ftp getting a file	>get <file>
Ftp getting multiple files	>mget <filenamecommon>*
Ftp searching for a file	>quote site find <filename>
Get the ip number of a computer	nslookup <computername>
Check whether another computer is up	ping <computername>
Check the pathway to another computer	traceroute <computername>
Info about Unix System	::
See who is logged on	who ... w ... what
Get the date	date
See who logged in lately	last -20
See what operating system is there	uname -a
See who you are	whoami
Get the name of your computer	hostname
See the disk space used	df -k
See you quota usage	quota -v
See how much space all your files need	du -k
Mail	::
Check for mail	from
Read mail	Mail
Compose mail	Mail -s <subject> <mailaddress>
Mail a whole file ( one "<" is real )	Mail -s <subject> <mailaddr> < <file>
Compressing Files	::
Compress 50%	compress <file>
Uncomress the above file.Z	uncompress <file>.Z
Compress 70%	gzip <file>
Uncompress the above file.gz	gzip -d <file>.gz

How to Use the VBScript RegExp Object

2011-09-17T13:09:00.000-07:00

Hi All,

I faced a situation where I had to update the field’s value from another file. I can not use the string replace method because It will replace the all the matches value, While I want to replace the first match with the first value of another file. Here I am trying to explain

First File Contents:

This blog refers to QTP.

I want to get first line value "=" from another file.

Here I am using Rexexp

with global property value false

Now I want to get Second line value "=" from another file.

Global property false will serach only first match

If regexp global property true then it search all the matches

Now I want to get Third line value "=" from another file.

Second File Contents:

Rajiv

Kumar

Nandvani

I want output like this:

This blog refers to QTP.

I want to get first line value "Rajiv" from another file.

Here I am using Rexexp

with global property value false

Now I want to get Second line value "Kumar" from another file.

Global property false will serach only first match

If regexp global property true then it search all the matches

Now I want to get Third line value "Nandvani" from another file.

Here is the code that I used to solve this problem

Function GetReplaceFirstMatch(PatternToMatch, byref StringToSearch,valuetoreplace)

Set myRegExp = New RegExp

myRegExp.IgnoreCase = True

myRegExp.Global = False

myRegExp.Pattern = PatternToMatch

GetReplaceFirstMatch = myRegExp.Replace(StringToSearch,valuetoreplace)

end Function

Const ForReading = 1

Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set objFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile("C:\FirstFile.txt", ForReading)

subjectString= objFile.ReadAll

Set objTestFile = objFSO.OpenTextFile("C:\SecondFile.txt", ForReading)

Do Until objTestFile.AtEndOfStream

strLineRead = objTestFile.ReadLine

subjectString = GetReplaceFirstMatch("=",subjectString,strLineRead)

Loop

const ForWriting = 2

Set objResultFile = objFSO.CreateTextFile("C:\resultTestfile.txt", ForWriting)

objResultFile.write subjectString

How to Use the VBScript RegExp Object

You can use regular expressions in VBScript by creating one or more instances of the RegExp object. This object allows you to find regular expression matches in strings, and replace regex matches in strings with other strings. The functionality offered by VBScript's RegExp object is pretty much bare bones. However, it's more than enough for simple input validation and output formatting tasks typically done in VBScript.
The advantage of the RegExp object's bare-bones nature is that it's very easy to use. Create one, put in a regex, and let it match or replace. Only four properties and three methods are available.
After creating the object, assign the regular expression you want to search for to the Pattern property. If you want to use a literal regular expression rather than a user-supplied one, simply put the regular expression in a double-quoted string. By default, the regular expression is case sensitive. Set the IgnoreCase property to True to make it case insensitive. The caret and dollar only match at the very start and very end of the subject string by default. If your subject string consists of multiple lines separated by line breaks, you can make the caret and dollar match at the start and the end of those lines by setting the Multiline property to True. VBScript does not have an option to make the dot match line break characters. Finally, if you want the RegExp object to return or replace all matches instead of just the first one, set the Global property to True.

'Prepare a regular expression object
Set myRegExp = New RegExp
myRegExp.IgnoreCase = True
myRegExp.Global = True
myRegExp.Pattern = "regex"

After setting the RegExp object's properties, you can invoke one of the three methods to perform one of three basic tasks. The Test method takes one parameter: a string to test the regular expression on. Test returns True or False, indicating if the regular expression matches (part of) the string. When validating user input, you'll typically want to check if the entire string matches the regular expression. To do so, put a caret at the start of the regex, and a dollar at the end, to anchor the regex at the start and end of the subject string.
The Execute method also takes one string parameter. Instead of returning True or False, it returns a MatchCollection object. If the regex could not match the subject string at all, MatchCollection.Count will be zero. If the RegExp.Global property is False (the default), MatchCollection will contain only the first match. If RegExp.Global is true, Matches> will contain all matches.
The Replace method takes two string parameters. The first parameter is the subject string, while the second parameter is the replacement text. If the RegExp.Global property is False (the default), Replace will return the subject string with the first regex match (if any) substituted with the replacement text. If RegExp.Global is true, Replace will return the subject string with all regex matches replaced.
You can specify an empty string as the replacement text. This will cause the Replace method to return the subject string will all regex matches deleted from it. To re-insert the regex match as part of the replacement, include $& in the replacement text. E.g. to enclose each regex match in the string between square brackets, specify [$&] as the replacement text. If the regexp contains capturing parentheses, you can use backreferences in the replacement text. $1 in the replacement text inserts the text matched by the first capturing group, $2 the second, etc. up to $9. To include a literal dollar sign in the replacements, put two consecutive dollar signs in the string you pass to the Replace method.

Getting Information about Individual Matches

The MatchCollection object returned by the RegExp.Execute method is a collection of Match objects. It has only two read-only properties. The Count property indicates how many matches the collection holds. The Item property takes an index parameter (ranging from zero to Count-1), and returns a Match object. The Item property is the default member, so you can write MatchCollection(7) as a shorthand to MatchCollection.Item(7).
The easiest way to process all matches in the collection is to use a For Each construct, e.g.:

' Pop up a message box for each match
Set myMatches = myRegExp.Execute(subjectString)
For Each myMatch in myMatches
  msgbox myMatch.Value, 0, "Found Match"
Next

The Match object has four read-only properties. The FirstIndex property indicates the number of characters in the string to the left of the match. If the match was found at the very start of the string, FirstIndex will be zero. If the match starts at the second character in the string, FirstIndex will be one, etc. Note that this is different from the VBScript Mid function, which extracts the first character of the string if you set the start parameter to one. The Length property of the Match object indicates the number of characters in the match. The Value property returns the text that was matched.
The SubMatches property of the Match object is a collection of strings. It will only hold values if your regular expression has capturing groups. The collection will hold one string for each capturing group. The Count property indicates the number of string in the collection. The Item property takes an index parameter, and returns the text matched by the capturing group. The Item property is the default member, so you can write SubMatches(7) as a shorthand to SubMatches.Item(7). Unfortunately, VBScript does not offer a way to retrieve the match position and length of capturing groups.
Also unfortunately is that the SubMatches property does not hold the complete regex match as SubMatches(0). Instead, SubMatches(0) holds the text matched by the first capturing group, while SubMatches(SubMatches.Count-1) holds the text matched by the last capturing group. This is different from most other programming languages. E.g. in VB.NET, Match.Groups(0) returns the whole regex match, and Match.Groups(1) returns the first capturing group's match. Note that this is also different from the backreferences you can use in the replacement text passed to the RegExp.Replace method. In the replacement text, $1 inserts the text matched by the first capturing group, just like most other regex flavors do. $0 is not substituted with anything but inserted literally.

VBScript Find First Match By Regular Expression Utility Function


' Get the first regex submatch from the string
' Returns empty string if not found, otherwise returns the matched string
Function GetFirstMatch(PatternToMatch, StringToSearch)
 Dim regEx, CurrentMatch, CurrentMatches

 Set regEx = New RegExp
 regEx.Pattern = PatternToMatch
 regEx.IgnoreCase = True
 regEx.Global = True
 regEx.MultiLine = True
 Set CurrentMatches = regEx.Execute(StringToSearch)

 GetFirstMatch = ""
 If CurrentMatches.Count >= 1 Then
  Set CurrentMatch = CurrentMatches(0)
  If CurrentMatch.SubMatches.Count >= 1 Then
   GetFirstMatch = CurrentMatch.SubMatches(0)
  End If
 End If
 Set regEx = Nothing
End Function

' Example
' Parse out the database name from a SQL server database connection string
Function GetDatabaseName(ByVal DSNString)
 GetDatabaseName = GetFirstMatch(".*Initial Catalog=(.*);", DSNString)
End Function

VBScript Replace All Matches By Regular Expression Utility Function


' Replace all matches in the string with the replacement text
Sub ReplaceAllByExpression(ByRef StringToExtract, ByVal MatchPattern, _
 ByVal ReplacementText)
 Dim regEx, CurrentMatch, CurrentMatches

 Set regEx = New RegExp
 regEx.Pattern = MatchPattern
 regEx.IgnoreCase = True
 regEx.Global = True
 regEx.MultiLine = True
 StringToExtract = regEx.Replace(StringToExtract, ReplacementText)
 Set regEx = Nothing

End Sub

' Example
' Remove all images from an HTML page
ReplaceAllByExpression HTMLPageData, "<img[^<]*?>", ""

VB Script Data Types

2011-09-05T02:13:00.000-07:00

VB Script Data Types

What is Data Type?

Data type is a categorization of identifying one of various types of data, such as string, integer, double, date or Boolean etc…

Implicit & Explicit Data types:

Specifying Data types along with variable names is called Explicit declaration of Data types.

Declaring Variables Without specifying Data types is called Implicit declaration of variables.

VB Script Supports Implicit declaration of variables only, doesn’t support Explicit declaration of Data types.

VB Script Data Type:

VB script has only data type called Variant, it can hold any type of data, and based on usage of data it considers data sub types.

Example:

Dim x

X is a Variable and it can hold any type of data (String, integer, double, date etc…)

X= “G C Reddy” ‘String type

X= 100 ‘Integer

X= 10.345 ‘Double

X=#10/10/2010# ‘Date

How to know Data sub types:

Using VarType Function we can get data sub type

VarType Function

It returns a value indicating a subtype of a Variable

Example:

'Checking Data sub types

-----------------------------

Dim x, y, z(3)

x="Gcreddy"

Msgbox VarType(x) '8 for String

x=500

Msgbox VarType(x) ' 2 for Integer

x="400"

Msgbox VarType(x) '8 for String

x=199.123

Msgbox VarType(x) '5 for double

x="199.123"

Msgbox VarType(x) '8 for string

x=#10/10/2010#

Msgbox VarType(x) '7 for date

Set x =CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Msgbox VarType(x) '9 for Automation Object

x=384322225

Msgbox VarType(x) ‘3 for Long integer

Msgbox VarType(z) ‘8204 for Array

Msgbox VarType(y) '0 for Empty / Uninitialized

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Data sub type and descriptions:

String:

It consists of any type of characters, maximum length up to approximately 2 billion characters.

Boolean:

It Contains either True or False (Logical Result)

Empty:

Uninitialized, Value is 0 for numeric variables or a zero-length string ("") for string variables.

Integer:

Contains integer in the range -32,768 to 32,767

Long Integer

Contains integer in the range -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

Double:

Contains a double-precision, floating-point number in the range -1.79769313486232E308 to -4.94065645841247E-324 for negative values; 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308 for positive values.

Date:

Contains a number that represents a date between January 1, 100 to December 31, 9999

Object:

Contains an object

Error:

Contains an error number

Null:

Contains no valid data

Etc…

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

'Converting the Data from one type to another

-----------------------------------------------

We use Conversion Functions to convert the data from one type to another.

Whenever we read data using input devices, or from files, or from Databases or from Application objects then VB Script considers the data as string type data, we need to convert the data in order to perform operations.

Dim x, y, Tickets, Price

'Read from Input Devices

x=InputBox("Enter a Value")

Msgbox VarType(x) '8 for String

x=Cint(x)

Msgbox VarType(x) '2 for Integer

y=InputBox("Enter a Value")

Msgbox VarType(y) '8 for String

y=Cdbl(y)

Msgbox VarType(y) '5 for double

'Read from Application Objects

Tickets = Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Tickets:").GetVisibleText()

Msgbox VarType(Tickets)'8

Tickets=Cint(Tickets)

Msgbox VarType(Tickets) '2

Price = Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Price:").GetVisibleText()

Msgbox VarType(Price) '8

Price=Cdbl(Price)

Msgbox VarType(Price) '5

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Example: 2

Dim a, b, c

a=”100”

Msgbox VarType(a) ‘ 8 for String

a=Cint(a)

Msgbox VarType(a) ‘2 for Integer

b=”100.345”

Msgbox VarType(b) ‘ 8 for String

b=Cdbl(b)

Msgbox VarType(b) ‘5 for Double

c=”Hyderabad”

Msgbox VarType(c) ‘8 for String

c=Cint(c)

Msgbox VarType(c) ‘Mismatch (Error)

Note: we can’t convert alphabets as integer or double type data

Source...

G C Reddy

Get Text Location / ClickOnText QTP VB

2011-08-04T07:13:00.001-07:00

Hi All,
Now I am going to describle the undocumented feature of QTP that is ClickONText method . Some time we require the object text location ( x ,y position ) in window so that we can click that object by use Get text location method. like this
rem Open the “C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe” application.
SystemUtil.Run “C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe”,”C:\Program Files\HP\QuickTest Professional\samples\flight\app\flight4a.exe”,”"
rem Make the “Login” dialog box active.
Dialog(“Login”).Activate

rem Click the “OK” button.
Dialog(“Login”).WinButton(“OK”).Click

rem Check whether the text “OK” is displayed in the “Flight Reservations” dialog box and store the location of the text in rem arguments 2-5. Store the result in the variable ‘find’.
find =Dialog(“Login”).Dialog(“Flight Reservations”).GetTextLocation (“OK” ,x1,y1,x2,y2)
rem Check whether (find = True) is true. If so:
If find =True Then
Dialog(“Login”).Dialog(“Flight Reservations”).Click (x1+x2)/2 ,(y1+y2)/2 rem Click the “Flight Reservations” ‘dialog box
else rem Otherwise:
msgbox “not found OK text”
End If
Instead of Serached the text location in Window we can use directely method ClickonText like this it will automatically search the text and click the text area

Dialog(“Login”).Dialog(“Flight Reservations”).Clickontext “OK”

VB Get All Web page text ( Including All Webelement )

2011-07-27T22:30:00.000-07:00

Hi All,
Some Time we have to check that particular text is present on page or not during automation. If we get the page outer HTML in QTP we can not get the whole text of all element like frame , webtable . div.etc…
So i created a function which will check that the given text is present on page or not If Text present on page it will return True else False

REM ——- Set page object ———-

set objpage = Browser(“BrowserName”).Page(“Pagename”)
msgbox VerifyTextPresentOnPage(objpage ,”rajiv” )

Function VerifyTextPresentOnPage(byval objpage , byval Textvalue )

On error resume next

REM ——- Create child object description

Set childobjdes = Description.Create()
childobjdes(“micclass”).value=”WebElement”
childobjdes(“html tag”).value=”.*[A-Za-z0-9].*”
childobjdes(“outertext”).value =”.*[A-Za-z0-9].*”

REM ———-Create ALL child object

set allobj = objpage.ChildObjects(childobjdes)

REM get all web element outer text from web page and store in output variable

For i=1 to allobj.count-1
output= output & allobj.Item(i).GetROProperty(“outertext”)
Next
REM now compare the value if the given value find or not
If instr(1,lcase(output),lcase(Textvalue)) > 0 Then

rem return true if found

VerifyTextPresentOnPage= True
Else

rem return true if not found

VerifyTextPresentOnPage= False
End If
On Error GoTo 0
End Function

Get Column Names of WebTable using QTP

2011-07-23T03:23:00.000-07:00

REM Get Column names from webtable

Select	Date	ConfirmationNumber	User Name	Organization Name
	17-SEP-2008	13761	SMITHSLP	SMITH'S LP SUPPLY CO.

Here first row of table is considered as column so using getcelldata method for first row of web table
For clmNo =1 to mGetColumnCount
msgbox Browser("XYZ").Page("OBC").WebTable("Request Summary").GetCellData(1,clmNo)
Next

Select the row in WEBTABLE/WEBGRID using QTP/DOM

2011-07-23T02:27:00.000-07:00

Hi All,

I found that most of time while working with WEBTABLE we need to the select the row based on some criteria by clicking checkbox or radiobutton.For that first we have to find the row which we have to select based on value of that row like text/link inside the row.
Here I am giving an example how to select a row in Webtable by finding the text. Logic I am using here is first i will find the row number from webtable where my searching text is present using GetRowWithCellText method then I will provide the column name/index of webtable where checkbox is present.

In below mentioned example I will select the row where Confirmation Number is "15204"
Let's see

Date	ConfirmationNumber	User Name	Organization Name
17-SEP-2008	13761	SMITHSLP	SMITH'S LP SUPPLY CO.
24-OCT-2008	13808	MTONGWARIN	Micro Motion test1
30-OCT-2008	13874	DIMITRIOS_SARANTEAS	EMERSON PROCESS MANAGEMENT ASIA PACIFIC PTE LTD
13-JUN-2009	15058	RWARRINGTON	Spartan Controls Ltd.
08-AUG-2009	15204	MIPICAZO	Emerson Process Management

REM find the row number where "15204" text is present using GetRowWithCellText method

GtRowN = Browser("XYZ").Page("OBC").WebTable("Request Summary").GetRowWithCellText("15204")

REM check text find in webtable or not
    If GtRowN >0 Then

        REM coulmn index where checkbox is present
          Rem here select coulmn name index value is 1
        CoulmnIndex = 1

    REM create the checkbox object after getting the rownumber and select the row by clicking the checkbox

            set objCheckbox = Browser("XYZ").Page("OBC").WebTable("Request Summary").ChildItem(GtRowN,CoulmnIndex,"WebCheckBox",0)

           objCheckbox.set "ON"

    else
        msgbox "Did not find the value test fail"
    End If

Query from text file and retrieve records using ADODB

2011-06-28T04:10:00.000-07:00

Query from text file and retrieve records

For example we have the following text file “Employees.txt”

LastName,FirstName,Department,Role
Nandvani,Rajiv,IT,Manager
Kumar,PP,Finance,Analyst
Shukla,Nikhil,R&D,Programmer
Singh,ANIL,QA,Tester
ARORA,ANUJ,QA,Team Leader
Kumar,Neeraj,IS,Manager

Is it important that your text files be formatted like this? It’s not just important,
it’s crucial. We’re going to use database techniques to retrieve information from
the file, and to do that the file needs to be delimited in some way (in this case,
using the comma as the delimiter).

Option Explicit
Const adStateOpen = 1
Const adOpenStatic = 3REM adOpenStatic 3 A static cursor allowing forward and backward scrolling of a
REM fixed, unchangeable set of records
Const adLockOptimistic = 3REM adLockOptimistic = 3 means Multiple users can modify the data which is not locked
REM until Update is called
Const adCmdText = &H0001
Dim oConn, oRst
Dim sFile, sPath, sSQL, sOut
Set oConn = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
Set oRst = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
sPath = "D:\auto" : sFile = "Employees.txt"
oConn.Open "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=" & sPath & ";" & "Extended Properties=""text;HDR=YES;FMT=Delimited"""
sSQL = "Select * FROM " & sFile & " where Department = 'QA'"
oRst.Open sSQL,oConn, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdText
    Do Until oRst.EOF
    sOut = oRst.Fields.Item("LastName").Value & vbCrLf
    sOut = sOut & oRst.Fields.Item("FirstName").Value & vbCrLf
    sOut = sOut & oRst.Fields.Item("Role").Value & vbCrLf
    MsgBox sOut
    oRst.MoveNext
    Loop
'--- Close the recordset if opened.
If oRst.State = adStateOpen Then oRst.Close
'--- Close the connection if opened.
If oConn.State = adStateOpen Then oConn.Close

QTP Mercury DeviceReplay vs SendKeys/ Right click mouse

2011-06-27T00:33:00.000-07:00

The Device Replay feature is used to perform mouse and keyboard actions against screen coordinates that are provided. The Device Replay functions are not automatically recorded, but must be programmed manually in the Expert View.

1. Create the Device Replay Object.

Example:
Set DeviceReplay = CreateObject(“Mercury.DeviceReplay”)

2. Call the desired Device Replay function.

Example:
DeviceReplay.SendString(“Hello, World”)

3. When done with the Device Replay object, release it.

Example:
Set DeviceReplay = Nothing

The functions that can be used with the Device Replay object are (all coodinates are relative to the top left corner of the screen):

Function	Description
MouseMove x, y	Move the mouse to the screen coordinate (x,y).
MouseClick x, y, button	Move the mouse to the screen coordinate (x,y) and click the button (0=left; 1=middle; 2=right).
MouseDblClick x, y, button	Move the mouse to the screen coordinate (x,y) and double-click the button (0=left; 1=middle; 2=right).
DragAndDrop x, y, dropx, dropy, button	Drag the mouse from screen coordinate (x,y) to (dropx,dropy) with the button (0=left; 1=middle; 2=right) pressed.
PressKey key	Press a key using the ASCII code of the key. For example, Chr(13), vbCR and vbTab.
MouseDown x, y, button	Press the mouse button on screen coordinate (x,y).
MouseUp x, y, button	Release the mouse button on screen coordinate (x,y).
KeyDown key	Press a key using the ASCII code of the key. For example, Chr(13), vbCR and vbTab.
KeyUp key	Release a key using the ASCII code of the key. For example, Chr(13), vbCR and vbTab.
SendString string	Type a string

Mercury DeviceReplay is a powerful utility to simulate keyboard input and also for simulating mouse clicks and movements. Under Java Add-in, you can find the DeviceReplay property. At times, Object.Set and Object.Type doesnt help in QTP for some applications. You can use Mercury DeviceReplay to type Non English symbols and letters even without changing the keyboard layout or installing the special fonts.

In Order to use the DeviceReplay methods, you need to create DeviceReplay object.

Set objDeviceReplay = CreateObject("Mercury.DeviceReplay")

We use SendKeys method to send keyboard input/keystrokes to applications that dont have automation interface. We can also send more than one keystroke at a time using Sendkeys method. To send keystrokes x,y and z, you would send the string argument "xyz".

Note: You cannot send Print Screen key to an application.

So, the difference between Mercury DeviceReplay and Sendkeys is

SendKeys -> Support only Keyboard Operations
DeviceReplay-> Support Keyboard + Mouse Operations like Drag Drop too.

In addition to that DeviceReplay supports sending multilingual characters and symbols, while sendkeys support limited keyboard operations.

The other operational difference is dependency on QTP software.

Mercury.DeviceReplay :- It comes with QTP as a module, so you need QTP on the system and only from QTP action you can use it.
SendKeys :- It could be used in VBS script to simulate keyboard inputs with native windows shell commands. It has no dependency on QTP as such.

JMETER run in GUI mode from putty on remote Linux machine.

2011-06-26T23:37:00.000-07:00

Jmeter run in GUI mode from putty on remote Linux machine.

Please do the following steps to see the Jmeter window.

1. Install Xming ( http://www.straightrunning.com/XmingNotes/ ) on windows.
Download Source (install with portable putty enabled option.)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/

2. Enable the X11 forwarding in putty.

3. Xming installation directory there is a host file C:\Program Files\Xming\X0.hosts
Edit: X0.hosts (lay in the installation directory)
add the ip you want to allow. my X0.hosts
“localhost
10.6.9.21″
Here 10.6.9.21 is the ip address of Linux machine.

4. Start your SSH session
5. On your ssh remote session, put this :
DISPLAY=YOUR_IP_WINDOWS:0.0
export DISPLAY
(Replace YOUR_IP by the IP of your windows)

Verify display is set or not
Type echo $DISPLAY

Still if you are not able to set Display variable value
Then update in profile file

Note: Here 10.193.68.125 is the ip address of windows machine
6. set up to permit X forwarding on Linux machine
Configure the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file
Your sshd_config file should have something like:
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes

7. Start the Xming server on Windows machine.
8. Run the putty
9. Now navigate to jmeter bin folder and run jmeter.sh file

Reference links

http://jmeter.512774.n5.nabble.com/Jmeter-run-on-Linux-using-putty-tp4364104p4364687.html

http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/X-Forwarding

Web Terminologies Part 2

2011-06-26T23:32:00.001-07:00

• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)

– Protocol for establishing a secure connection for transmission, it

uses the HTTPS convention

– SSL provides endpoint authentication and communications privacy

over the Internet using cryptography. In typical use, only the server

is authenticated (i.e. its identity is ensured) while the client remains

unauthenticated; mutual authentication requires public key

infrastructure (PKI) deployment to clients. The protocols allow

client/server applications to communicate in a way designed to

prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.

– SSL involves a number of basic phases:

o Peer negotiation for algorithm support

o Public key encryption-based key exchange and

certificate-based authentication

o Symmetric cipher-based traffic encryption

o During the first phase, the client and server negotiate

which cryptographic algorithms will be used. Current

implementations support the following choices:

o for public-key cryptography: RSA, Diffie-Hellman,

DSA or Fortezza;

o for symmetric ciphers: RC2, RC4, IDEA, DES, Triple

DES or AES;

o For one-way hash functions: MD5 or SHA.

HTTPS

– is a URI scheme which is syntactically identical to the http: scheme

normally used for accessing resources using HTTP. Using an https:

URL indicates that HTTP is to be used, but with a different default

port and an additional encryption/authentication layer between

HTTP and TCP. This system was invented by Netscape

Communications Corporation to provide authentication and

encrypted communication and is widely used on the Web for

security-sensitive communication, such as payment transactions.

• HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

– The authoring language used to create documents on the World

Wide Web

– Hundreds of tags can be used to format and layout a Web page’s

content and to hyperlink to other Web content.

• Hyperlink

– Used to connect a user to other parts of a web site and to other web

sites and web-enabled services.

• Web server

– A computer that is connected to the Internet. Hosts Web content

and is configured to share that content.

– Webserver is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients,

which are known as Web browsers, and serving them Web pages,

which are usually HTML documents and linked objects (images,

etc.).

• Examples:

o Apache HTTP Server from the Apache Software

Foundation.

o Internet Information Services (IIS) from Microsoft.

o Sun Java System Web Server from Sun Microsystems,

formerly Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet Web Server,

and Netscape Enterprise Server.

o Zeus Web Server from Zeus Technology

Web client

– Most commonly in the form of Web browser software such as

Internet Explorer or Netscape

– Used to navigate the Web and retrieve Web content from Web

servers for viewing.

• Proxy server

– An intermediary server that provides a gateway to the Web (e.g.,

employee access to the Web most often goes through a proxy)

– Improves performance through caching and filters the Web

– The proxy server will also log each user interaction.

• Caching

– Web browsers and proxy servers save a local copy of the

downloaded content – pages that display personal information

should be set to prohibit caching.

• Web form

– A portion of a Web page containing blank fields that users can fill in

with data (including personal info) and submits for Web server to

process it.

• Web server log

– Every time a Web page is requested, the Web server may

automatically logs the following information:

o the IP address of the visitor

o date and time of the request

o the URL of the requested file

o the URL the visitor came from immediately before

(referrer URL)

o the visitor’s Web browser type and operating system

• Cookies

– A small text file provided by a Web server and stored on a users PC

the text can be sent back to the server every time the browser

requests a page from the server. Cookies are used to identify a user

as they navigate through a Web site and/or return at a later time.

Cookies enable a range of functions including personalization of

content.

Session vs. persistent cookies

– A Session is a unique ID assigned to the client browser by a web

server to identify the state of the client because web servers are

stateless.

– A session cookie is stored only while the user is connected to the

particular Web server – the cookie is deleted when the user

disconnects

– Persistent cookies are set to expire at some point in the future –

many are set to expire a number of years forward

• Socket

– A socket is a network communications endpoint.

• Application Server

– An application server is a server computer in a computer network

dedicated to running certain software applications. The term also

refers to the software installed on such a computer to facilitate the

serving of other applications. Application server products typically

bundle middleware to enable applications to intercommunicate

with various qualities of service — reliability, security, nonrepudiation,

and so on. Application servers also provide an API to

programmers, so that they don't have to be concerned with the

operating system or the huge array of interfaces required of a

modern web-based application. Communication occurs through the

web in the form of HTML and XML, as a link to various databases,

and, quite often, as a link to systems and devices ranging from huge

legacy applications to small information devices, such as an atomic

clock or a home appliance.

– An application server exposes business logic to client applications

through various protocols, possibly including HTTP. the server

exposes this business logic through a component API, such as the

EJB (Enterprise JavaBean) component model found on J2EE (Java

2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) application servers. Moreover, the

application server manages its own resources. Such gate-keeping

duties include security, transaction processing, resource pooling,

and messaging

– Ex: JBoss (Red Hat), WebSphere (IBM), Oracle Application Server

10g (Oracle Corporation) and WebLogic (BEA)

Thin Client

– A thin client is a computer (client) in client-server architecture

networks which has little or no application logic, so it has to depend

primarily on the central server for processing activities. It is

designed to be especially small so that the bulk of the data

processing occurs on the server.

• Thick client

– It is a client that performs the bulk of any data processing

operations itself, and relies on the server it is associated with

primarily for data storage.

• Daemon

– It is a computer program that runs in the background, rather than

under the direct control of a user; they are usually instantiated as

processes. Typically daemons have names that end with the letter

"d"; for example, syslogd is the daemon which handles the system

log. Daemons typically do not have any existing parent process, but

reside directly under init in the process hierarchy. Daemons usually

become daemons by forking a child process and then making the

parent process kill itself, thus making init adopt the child. This

practice is commonly known as "fork off and die." Systems often

start (or "launch") daemons at boot time: they often serve the

function of responding to network requests, hardware activity, or

other programs by performing some task. Daemons can also

configure hardware (like devfsd on some Linux systems), run

scheduled tasks (like cron), and perform a variety of other tasks.

• Client-side scripting

– Generally refers to the class of computer programs on the web that

are executed client-side, by the user's web browser, instead of

server-side (on the web server). This type of computer

programming is an important part of the Dynamic HTML

(DHTML) concept, enabling web pages to be scripted; that is, to

have different and changing content depending on user input,

environmental conditions (such as the time of day), or other

variables.

– Web authors write client-side scripts in languages such as

JavaScript (Client-side JavaScript) or VBScript, which are based on

several standards:

o HTML scripting

o HTTP

Document Object Model

• Client-side scripts are often embedded within

an HTML document, but they may also be

contained in a separate file, which is referenced

by the document (or documents) that use it.

Upon request, the necessary files are sent to

the user's computer by the web server (or

servers) on which they reside. The user's web

browser executes the script, then displays the

document, including any visible output from

the script. Client-side scripts may also contain

instructions for the browser to follow if the

user interacts with the document in a certain

way, e.g., clicks a certain button. These

instructions can be followed without further

communication with the server, though they

may require such communication.

• Server-side Scripting

– It is a web server technology in which a user's request is fulfilled by

running a script directly on the web server to generate dynamic

HTML pages. It is usually used to provide interactive web sites that

interface to databases or other data stores. This is different from

client-side scripting where scripts are run by the viewing web

browser, usually in JavaScript. The primary advantage to serverside

scripting is the ability to highly customize the response based

on the user's requirements, access rights, or queries into data

stores.

o ASP: Microsoft designed solution allowing various

languages (though generally VBscript is used) inside a

HTML-like outer page, mainly used on Windows but

with limited support on other platforms.

o ColdFusion: Cross platform tag based commercial

server side scripting system.

o JSP: A Java-based system for embedding code in

HTML pages.

o Lasso: A Datasource neutral interpreted programming

language and cross platform server.

o SSI: A fairly basic system which is part of the common

apache web server. Not a full programming

environment by far but still handy for simple things

like including a common menu.

o PHP : Common opensource solution based on

including code in its own language into an HTML

page.

o Server-side JavaScript: A language generally used on

the client side but also occasionally on the server side.

o SMX : Lisplike opensource language designed to be

embedded into an HTML page.

• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

– is a standard protocol for interfacing external application software

with an information server, commonly a web server. This allows the

server to pass requests from a client web browser to the external

application. The web server can then return the output from the

application to the web browser.

• Dynamic Web pages:

– can be defined as: (1) Web pages containing dynamic content (e.g.,

images, text, form fields, etc.) that can change/move without the

Web page being reloaded or (2) Web pages that are produced onthe-

fly by server-side programs, frequently based on parameters in

the URL or from an HTML form. Web pages that adhere to the first

definition are often called Dynamic HTML or DHTML pages.

Client-side languages like JavaScript are frequently used to produce

these types of dynamic web pages. Web pages that adhere to the

second definition are often created with the help of server-side

languages such as PHP, Perl, ASP/.NET, JSP, and languages. These

server-side languages typically use the Common Gateway Interface

(CGI) to produce dynamic web pages.

• Digital Certificates

In cryptography, a public key certificate (or identity certificate) is a certificate

which uses a digital signature to bind together a public key with an identity —

information such as the name of a person or an organization, their address, and

so forth. The certificate can be used to verify that a public key belongs to an

individual.

In a typical public key infrastructure (PKI) scheme, the signature will be of a

certificate authority (CA). In a web of trust s

"endorsements"). In either case, the signatures on a certificate are attestations by

the certificate signer that the identity information and the public key belong

together.

Certificates can be used for the large-scale use of public-key cryptography.

Securely exchanging secret keys amongst users becomes impractical to the point

of effective impossibility for anything other than quite small networks. Public key

cryptography provides a way to avoid this problem. In principle, if Alice wants

others to be able to send her secret messages, she need only publish her public

key. Anyone possessing it can then send her secure information. Unfortunately,

David could publish a different public key (for which he knows the related private

key) claiming that it is Alice's public key. In so doing, David could intercept and

read at least some of the messages meant for Alice. But if Alice builds her public

key into a certificate and has it digitally signed by a trusted third party (Trent),

anyone who trusts Trent can merely check the certificate to see whether Trent

thinks the embedded public key is Alice's. In typical Public-key Infrastructures

(PKIs), Trent will be a CA, who is trusted by all participants. In a web of trust,

Trent can be any user, and whether to trust that user's attestation that a

particular public key belongs to Alice will be up to the person wishing to send a

message to Alice.

In large-scale deployments, Alice may not be familiar with Bob's certificate

authority (perhaps they each have a different CA — if both use employer CAs,

different employers would produce this result), so Bob's certificate may also

include his CA's public key signed by a "higher level" CA2, which might be

recognized by Alice. This process leads in general to a hierarchy of certificates,

and to even more complex trust relationships. Public key infrastructure refers,

mostly, to the software that manages certificates in a large-scale setting. In X.509

PKI systems, the hierarchy of certificates is always a top-down tree, with a root

certificate at the top, representing a CA that is 'so central' to the scheme that it

does not need to be authenticated by some trusted third party.

A certificate may be revoked if it is discovered that its related private key has

been compromised, or if the relationship (between an entity and a public key)

embedded in the certificate is discovered to be incorrect or has changed; this

might occur, for example, if a person changes jobs or names. A revocation will

likely be a rare occurrence, but the possibility means that when a certificate is

trusted, the user should always check its validity. This can be done by comparing

it against a certificate revocation list (CRL) — a list of revoked or cancelled

certificates. Ensuring that such a list is up-to-date and accurate is a core function

in a centralized PKI, one which requires both staff and budget and one which is

therefore sometimes not properly done. To be effective, it must be readily

available to any who needs it whenever it is needed and must be updated

frequently. The other way to check a certificate validity is to query the certificate

authority using the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) to know the status

of a specific certificate.

Both of these methods appear to be on the verge of being supplanted by XKMS.

This new standard, however, is yet to see widespread implementation.

A certificate typically includes:

he public key being signed.

A name, which can refer to a person, a computer or an organization.

A validity period.

The location (URL) of a revocation center.

The most common certificate standard is the ITU-T X.509. X.509 is being

adapted to the Internet by the IETF PKIX working group.

Classes

Verisign introduced the concept of three classes of digital certificates:

Class 1 for individuals, intended for email;

Class 2 for organizations, for which proof of identity is required; and

Class 3 for servers and software signing, for which independent verification and

checking of identity and authority is done by the issuing certificate authority (CA)

• List of HTTP status codes

1xx Informational

Request received, continuing process.

100: Continue

101: Switching Protocols

2xx Success

The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.

200: OK

201: Created

202: Accepted

203: Non-Authoritative Information

204: No Content

205: Reset Content

206: Partial Content

3xx Redirection

The client must take additional action to complete the request.

300: Multiple Choices

301: Moved Permanently

302: Moved Temporarily (HTTP/1.0)

302: Found (HTTP/1.1)

see 302 Google Jacking

303: See Other (HTTP/1.1)

304: Not Modified

305: Use Proxy

Many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla and Internet Explorer) don't correctly

handle responses with this status code.

306: (no longer used, but reserved)

307: Temporary Redirect

4xx Client Error

The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled.

400: Bad Request

401: Unauthorized

Similar to 403/Forbidden, but specifically for use when authentication is possible

but has failed or not yet been provided. See basic authentication scheme and

digest access authentication.

402: Payment Required

403: Forbidden

404: Not Found

405: Method Not Allowed

406: Not Acceptable

407: Proxy Authentication Required

408: Request Timeout

409: Conflict

410: Gone

411: Length Required

412: Precondition Failed

413: Request Entity Too Large

414: Request-URI Too Long

415: Unsupported Media Type

416: Requested Range Not Satisfiable

417: Expectation Failed

5xx Server Error

The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request.

500: Internal Server Error

501: Not Implemented

502: Bad Gateway

503: Service Unavailable

504: Gateway Timeout

505: HTTP Version Not Supported

509: Bandwidth Limit Exceeded

Web Terminologies Part 1

2011-06-26T23:31:00.000-07:00

• Internet

– A global network connecting millions of computers.

• World Wide Web (the Web)

– An information sharing model that is built on top of the Internet,

utilizes HTTP protocol and browsers (such as Internet Explorer) to

access Web pages formatted in HTML that are linked via hyperlinks

and the Web is only a subset of the Internet (other uses of the

Internet include email (via SMTP), Usenet, instant messaging and

file transfer (via FTP)

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

– The address of documents and other content on the Web. It is

consisting of protocol, domain and the file. Protocol can be either

HTTP, FTP, Telnet, News etc., domain name is the DNS name of

the server and file can be Static HTML, DOC, Jpeg, etc., . In other

words URLs are strings that uniquely identify resources on internet.

• TCP/IP

– TCP/IP protocol suite used to send data over the Internet. TCP/IP

consists of only 4 layers - Application layer, Transport layer,

Network layer & Link layer

Internet Protocols:

Application Layer - DNS, TLS/SSL, TFTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP, IRC,

NNTP, POP3, SIP, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, TELNET, BitTorrent, RTP,

rlogin.

Transport Layer- TCP, UDP, DCCP, SCTP, IL, RUDP,

Network Layer - IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, IGMP, ARP, RARP, …

Link Ethernet Layer- Wi-Fi, Token ring, PPP, SLIP, FDDI, ATM,

DTM, Frame Relay, SMDS,

• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

– Enables two devices to establish a connection and exchange data.

– In the Internet protocol suite, TCP is the intermediate layer

between the Internet Protocol below it, and an application above it.

Applications often need reliable pipe-like connections to each other,

whereas the Internet Protocol does not provide such streams, but

rather only unreliable packets. TCP does the task of the transport

layer in the simplified OSI model of computer networks.

– It is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Using

TCP, applications on networked hosts can create connections to one

another, over which they can exchange data or packets. The

protocol guarantees reliable and in-order delivery of sender to

receiver data. TCP also distinguishes data for multiple, concurrent

applications (e.g. Web server and e-mail server) running on the

same host.

• IP

– Specifies the format of data packets and the addressing protocol.

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a data-oriented protocol used for

communicating data across a packet-switched internet work. IP is a

network layer protocol in the internet protocol suite. Aspects of IP

are IP addressing and routing. Addressing refers to how end hosts

become assigned IP addresses. IP routing is performed by all hosts,

but most importantly by internetwork routers

• IP Address

– A unique number assigned to each connected device, often assigned

dynamically to users by an ISP on a session-by-session basis –

dynamic IP address. Increasingly becoming dedicated, particularly

with always-on broadband connections – static IP address.

Packet

– A portion of a message sent over a TCP/IP Network. It contains

content and destination

• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

– Underlying protocol of the World Wide Web. Defines how messages

are formatted and transmitted over a TCP/IP network for Web

sites. Defines what actions Web servers and Web browsers take in

response to various commands.

– HTTP is stateless. The advantage of a stateless protocol is that hosts

don't need to retain information about users between requests, but

this forces the use of alternative methods for maintaining users'

state, for example, when a host would like to customize content for

a user who has visited before. The common method for solving this

problem involves the use of sending and requesting cookies. Other

methods are session control, hidden variables, etc

– example: when you enter a URL in your browser, an HTTP

command is sent to the Web server telling to fetch and transmit the

requested Web page

o HEAD: Asks for the response identical to the one that

would correspond to a GET request, but without the

response body. This is useful for retrieving metainformation

written in response headers, without

having to transport the entire content.

o GET : Requests a representation of the specified

resource. By far the most common method used on

the Web today.

o POST : Submits user data (e.g. from a HTML form) to

the identified resource. The data is included in the

body of the request.

o PUT: Uploads a representation of the specified

resource.

o DELETE: Deletes the specified resource (rarely

implemented).

o TRACE: Echoes back the received request, so that a

client can see what intermediate servers are adding or

changing in the request.

o OPTIONS:

o Returns the HTTP methods that the server supports.

This can be used to check the functionality of a web

server.

o CONNECT: For use with a proxy that can change to

being an SSL tunnel.

• HTTP pipelining

– appeared in HTTP/1.1. It allows clients to send multiple requests at

once, without waiting for an answer. Servers can also send multiple

answers without closing their socket. This results in fewer

roundtrips and faster load times. This is particularly useful for

satellite Internet connections and other connections with high

latency as separate requests need not be made for each file. Since it

is possible to fit several HTTP requests in the same TCP packet,

HTTP pipelining allows fewer TCP packets to be sent over the

network, reducing network load. HTTP pipelining requires both the

client and the server to support it. Servers are required to support it

in order to be HTTP/1.1 compliant, although they are not required

to pipeline responses, just to accept pipelined requests.

• HTTP-Tunnel

– technology allows users to perform various Internet tasks despite

the restrictions imposed by firewalls. This is made possible by

sending data through HTTP (port 80). Additionally, HTTP-Tunnel

technology is very secure, making it indispensable for both average

and business communications. The HTTP-Tunnel client is an

application that runs in your system tray acting as a SOCKS server,

managing all data transmissions between the computer and the

network.

• HTTP streaming

– It is a mechanism for sending data from a Web server to a Web

browser in response to an event. HTTP Streaming is achieved

through several common mechanisms. In one such mechanism the

web server does not terminate the response to the client after data

has been served. This differs from the typical HTTP cycle in which

the response is closed immediately following data transmission.

The web server leaves the response open such that if an event is

received, it can immediately be sent to the client. Otherwise the

data would have to be queued until the client's next request is made

to the web server. The act of repeatedly queing and re-requesting

information is known as a Polling mechanism. Typical uses for

HTTP Streaming include market data distribution (stock tickers),

live chat/messaging systems, online betting and gaming, sport

results, monitoring consoles and Sensor network monitoring.

HTTP referrer

– It signifies the webpage which linked to a new page on the Internet.

By checking the referer, the new page can see where the request

came from. Referer logging is used to allow websites and web

servers to identify where people are visiting them from, for

promotional or security purposes. Since the referer can easily be

spoofed (faked), however, it is of limited use in this regard except

on a casual basis. A dereferer is a means to strip the details of the

referring website from a link request so that the target website

cannot identify the page which was clicked on to originate a request.

Referer is a common misspelling of the word referrer. It is so

common, in fact that it made it into the official specification of

HTTP – the communication protocol of the World Wide Web – and

has therefore become the standard industry spelling when

discussing HTTP referers.

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files Working with files(FileSystemObject) / QTP

2011-06-25T19:55:00.000-07:00

Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files

The FSO object model has two methods each for moving, copying, and deleting files, as described in the following table.

Task	Method
Move a file	File.Move or FileSystemObject.MoveFile
Copy a file	File.Copy or FileSystemObject.CopyFile
Delete a file	File.Delete or FileSystemObject.DeleteFile

The following example creates a text file in the root directory of drive C, writes some information to it, moves it to a directory called \tmp, makes a copy of it in a directory called \temp, then deletes the copies from both directories.
To run the following example, create directories named \tmp and \temp in the root directory of drive C:

[VBScript]
Sub ManipFiles
   Dim fso, f1, f2, s
   Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
   Set f1 = fso.CreateTextFile("c:\testfile.txt", True)
   Response.Write "Writing file <br>"
   ' Write a line.
   f1.Write ("This is a test.")
   ' Close the file to writing.
   f1.Close
   Response.Write "Moving file to c:\tmp <br>"
   ' Get a handle to the file in root of C:\.
   Set f2 = fso.GetFile("c:\testfile.txt")
   ' Move the file to \tmp directory.
   f2.Move ("c:\tmp\testfile.txt")
   Response.Write "Copying file to c:\temp <br>"
   ' Copy the file to \temp.
   f2.Copy ("c:\temp\testfile.txt")
   Response.Write "Deleting files <br>"
   ' Get handles to files' current location.
   Set f2 = fso.GetFile("c:\tmp\testfile.txt")
   Set f3 = fso.GetFile("c:\temp\testfile.txt")
   ' Delete the files.
   f2.Delete
   f3.Delete
   Response.Write "All done!"
End Sub

Adding Data to the File Working with files(FileSystemObject) / QTP

2011-06-25T19:41:00.000-07:00

Adding Data to the File

Once the text file is created, add data to the file using the following three steps:

Open the text file.

Write the data.

Close the file.

To open an existing file, use either the OpenTextFile method of the FileSystemObject object or the OpenAsTextStream method of the File object.

To write data to the open text file, use the Write, WriteLine, or WriteBlankLines methods of the TextStream object, according to the tasks outlined in the following table

Task	Method
Write data to an open text file without a trailing newline character.	Write
Write data to an open text file with a trailing newline character.	WriteLine
Write one or more blank lines to an open text file.	WriteBlankLines

To close an open file, use the Close method of the TextStream object.

Note The newline character contains a character or characters (depending on the operating system) to advance the cursor to the beginning of the next line (carriage return/line feed). Be aware that the end of some strings may already have such nonprinting characters.

The following example demonstrates how to open a file, use all three write methods to add data to the file, and then close the file:

[VBScript]
Sub CreateFile()
   Dim fso, tf
   Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
   Set tf = fso.CreateTextFile("c:\testfile.txt", True)
   ' Write a line with a newline character.
   tf.WriteLine("Testing 1, 2, 3.") 
   ' Write three newline characters to the file.        
   tf.WriteBlankLines(3) 
   ' Write a line.
   tf.Write ("This is a test.") 
   tf.Close
End Sub

Creating Files Working with files(FileSystemObject) / QTP

2011-06-25T19:33:00.000-07:00

Creating Files

There are three ways to create an empty text file (sometimes referred to as a “text stream”).

The first way is to use the CreateTextFile method. The following example demonstrates how to create a text file using the CreateTextFileMethod method.

[VBScript]
Dim fso, f1
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set f1 = fso.CreateTextFile("c:\testfile.txt", True)
[JScript]
var fso, f1;
fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");
f1 = fso.CreateTextFile("c:\\testfile.txt", trThe second way to create a text file is to use the OpenTextFile method of the

FileSystemObject object with the ForWriting flag set.

[VBScript
Dim fso, ts
Const ForWriting = 2
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting. FileSystemObject")
Set ts = fso.OpenTextFile("c:\test.txt", ForWriting, True)
[JScript]var fso, ts;var ForWriting= 2;fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")ts = fso.OpenTextFile("c:\\test.txt", ForWriting, true);

A third way to create a text file is to use the OpenAsTextStream method with the ForWriting flag set.

[VBScript]
Dim fso, f1, ts
Const ForWriting = 2
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
fso.CreateTextFile ("c:\test1.txt")
Set f1 = fso.GetFile("c:\test1.txt")
Set ts = f1.OpenAsTextStream(ForWriting, True

Validation of Sorting in WEBTABLE / QTP

2011-06-22T23:26:00.000-07:00

Hi All,

Some time in application we have to verify the sorting functionality.In Web table for each column we need to click and check is it working fine or not. Here i am giving an example of sorting the date column. but it will verify in ascending order.

logic for this:

1. Click on Date column which sort the date in ascending order.
2. Get first row and second row date value form Date column
3. Check first row date should be less than or equal to second row date.
4. Get second row and third row date value.
5. Check second row date should be less than or equal to third row date value.
6. Same way check until end of row using For Loop.
7. In the case if you got false result while comparison two row you need to break the for loop and show the fail result......

set TableObject = Browser(“XYZ”).Page(“WXY”).WebTable(“MNP”)
TableRowcount = Browser(“XYZ”).Page(“WXY”).WebTable(“MNP”).RowCount

For i =1 to TableRowcount -1
dtmCurrRow = TableObject.GetcellData(i,<DateColumn>)

dtmNextRow = = TableObject.GetcellData(i+1,<DateColumn>)
If NOT cdate(dtmCurrRow) <= cdate(dtmNextRow) Then

Flage = 1
Exit For
End If
End

If Flage <> 1 than
msgbox "Pass"
Else
msgbox "Fail"
End if

Read Value from Registory / QTP / WScript

2011-06-17T10:18:00.000-07:00

Here an example to get get the location where QTP is installed

REM Create shell script object
Set WshShell = CreateObject(“WScript.Shell”)
REM in variable store the registry key path
sKey =”HKLM\SOFTWARE\Mercury Interactive\QuickTest Professional\Configuration_UI\Packages\WebFormsPackage\Settings\ConfigurationFile”
REM here using the shell object we can read the registry key value
sQTPpath= WshShell.RegRead(sKey)
msgbox sQTPpath
set WshShell = nothing

Get cell data from webtable / QTP

2011-06-15T22:51:00.000-07:00

Hi all ,

I found a helpful example in QTP help file that can be use most of time while working with web table. I hope It will help you.

Description

Returns the text contained in the specified cell.

Syntax

object.GetCellData (Row, Column)

Argument	Description
object	A test object of type WebTable.
Row	Required. A Variant value. The row number where the cell is located. The first row in the table is numbered 1.
Column	Required. A Variant value. The column number where the cell is located. The first column in the table is numbered 1.

Return Value

A String value. Returns the data contained in the specified cell.
If the specified cell is not valid, the method returns micCellDoesNotExist

Find All Employees That Live in the Same City

Sub GetCellData_GetRowWithCellText_Example()
        ‘The following example retrieves the names of all employees that live in
       ‘the same city as John Smith so that he can arrange rides home with them.
       ‘First, the example finds the table row containing
      ‘”John Smith”. Then it checks the value of the CityColumnn cell to determine
       ‘the city in which John lives. It searches the table cells to find all other
        ‘employees that live in that city. Finally it uses the GetCellData method to
        ‘return those employees names and, using a function, generates a list
         ‘containing those names.
CityColumn = 4
NameColumn = 2
‘Get the row number for employee ‘John Smith’
RowNumber = Browser(“CorporateEmployees”).Page(“CorporateEmployees”).WebTable(“EmployeesTable”).GetRowWithCellText(“John Smith”)
Set AccommodationsCity = Browser(“CorporateEmployees”).Page(“CorporateEmployees”).WebTable(“EmployeesTable”).ChildItem(RowNumber, CityColumn, “WebEdit”, 0)
TableRows = Browser(“CorporateEmployees”).Page(“CorporateEmployees”).WebTable(“EmployeesTable”).RowCount
‘Search for all employees that live in the same city as ‘John Smith’ and add them to his ride home list
For i = 1 To TableRows
   Set CurrentCity =    Browser(“CorporateEmployees”).Page(“CorporateEmployees”).WebTable(“EmployeesTable”).ChildItem(i, CityColumn, “WebEdit”, 0)
    If CurrentCity.GetROProperty(“value”) = AccommodationsCity.GetROProperty(“value”) Then
      EmployeeName = Browser(“CorporateEmployees”).Page(“CorporateEmployees”).WebTable(“EmployeesTable”).GetCellData(i, NameColumn)
      AddToJohnSmithRideHomeList (EmployeeName)
     End If
Next
End Sub

Execute a DOS command in QTP / CMD with QTP

2011-06-07T03:35:00.000-07:00

REM using "Wscript.Shell" object we can work on command prompt in qtp.

REM create one instance for "wscript.Shell"

set oShell=CreateObject("Wscript.Shell")

REM using run method we can invoke application
REM /k this will display command prompt.we can also use /c but we can not see command prompt.It will disappear after execution.

oShell.Run "cmd /k dir"
REM for wait in ms
WScript.sleep 3000
REM if we want use multiple commands we can use "&"(amp) symbol
oShell.run "cmd /k dir & md qtp"
REM we can use send keys method here {ENTER} will press enter button
oShell.SendKeys "cd{ENTER}"
REM if we want use multiple commands we can use "&"(amp) symbol

oShell.Sendkeys "cd c:\{ENTER} md qtp ~"

REM ~ for enter key {ENTER} = ~
oShell.Sendkeys "cd d: ~"

set oShell=Nothing