ULT!MATE NEWS

#DonaldTrump #USD #FED #RISK #Forex

2016-11-16T12:23:00.000-08:00

Donald Trump Securities, Fed Rate Increase Opportunities



Expectations of interest rate hike at the Fed's meeting in December increased to 90% at the beginning of this week, amid growing optimism as Donald Trump effect on the US economy.

Referring to the Fed Rate Monitor Tool, opportunity interest rate increase in the Fed's meeting in December increased to 90.6%, up from 81.1% last Friday, much improved compared to 71.5% positions a day ahead of the presidential election last week.

The US dollar index, which measures the strength of the greenback against six other major world currencies rallied to an 11-month, triggered by higher yields on US government bonds. The dollar index rose by 0.95% to 99.93, after being meleboh number 100, exactly 100.03 in early Asia trade.

USD / JPY rose by 1.15% to 107.91, and even had to the level of 107.96, the highest point since June 3, 2016, while the EUR / USD touched 1.0728, the lowest level since 10 months ago.

Greenback boosted optimism rose due to the rise on US economic growth under the leadership of Donald Trump who planned increases in government spending and tax cuts. This policy will sustain inflation figures, which will bring the US economy into the era of high interest.

DOLLAR IN DOUBT AND SHAKY START JUNE 2016

2016-06-04T10:39:00.001-07:00

Stock futures Treasury yields and the dollar tumbled on Friday after the employment data show a variety of companies in the US cut their employment drastically in May, cutting the chances of the Fed's interest rate hikes in the near future.Whereas the last few weeks Fed officials have given signal that the central bank may be ready to raise interest rates most rapidly in June, if the US economy continues to improve, spurring speculation investors in asset markets that benefit when interest rates rise, but speculation has been dilikuidias on Friday after weak employment data.Non farm payrolls rose only 38,000 in May, the weakest performance since September 2010, reported to the labor department. The unemployment rate fell to 4.7% in May, from the original 5.0% in April as the decreasing number of people looking for work. Economists predicted payrolls would rise 158 000, while the unemployment rate is expected unchanged.Fed Fund futures, commonly used to measure the chances the central bank interest rate hike shows the probability of a rate hike at the FOMC Meeting in June fell to 4%, from the original 21% before being released employment data. While the probability of a rate hike in July, falling to 34% from the original 58%. Chicago Fed President Charles Evans said earlier on Friday that the US economy is still dominated by downside risks, indicating that he is still reluctant to raise interest rates.

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FED ,WHY SHOULD IN JUNE 2016..Forex #1

2016-05-29T05:01:00.002-07:00

The Fed raised interest rates in June would be the appropriate policy according to the committee, as it is written in the minutes of the meeting.The Fed failed to provide any guidance in its FOMC outcome on April 27th through the post-meeting statement. However, the minutes of the April FOMC released on May 18 and reveals more detail how officials view the US central bank will hike interest rates.Markets that were previously convinced the Fed will still show the signal dovish to see the condition of the global economy before raising interest rates (based on the FOMC and statements of Fed officials prior to April), immediately changed course 180 degrees and assuming the claims as hawkish sentiment. The US dollar initially rose lackluster immediately thereafter.From here came the questions, why the Fed should raise interest rates soon? What can be concluded from the minutes of the FOMC? Here's the explanation.According to a note written by John Crudele, NY Post columnist economy, there are some rational reason to raise US interest rates in June:• The US economy is still withered since the Great Recession of 2007, but in between, there are some periods that allow higher interest rates. Except in December 2015 and then, the Fed has always dismissed the possibility of raising interest rates, this may be because central banks are worried about the negative reaction in the stock market.• Currently the Fed had run out of ammunition. The Fed chairman will probably deny this, but with interest rates still near zero, the Fed could no longer be lowered if the economy gets worse.• Avoid political sentiment with respect to the US Presidential election campaign period ahead of elections in November.• Consider solid US employment, especially the unemployment rate had reached 5.0 per cent (although Cruedele acknowledges that the data is a bit unreasonable)In general, as once expressed by one of the officials of the Fed, the impact of not raising interest rates in a timely manner due to account for inflation, seen as more dangerous than the impact of raising interest rates. This is the dilemma conditions being experienced by Yellen and his colleagues today.Apart from these estimates, it should be noted that the results of the April FOMC voting yesterday, there is an implicit impression that the Fed is essentially concerned if rising interest rates again delayed. Most Federal Reserve officials, who usually dovish or neutral was suddenly support a rate hike in June.Call it the Robert Kaplan, president of the Fed's Dallas region. Kaplan stated its support for a rate hike in the near future but still warned about the impact of global economic and political, one of which is Brexit.In addition there are also Kaplan, Patrick Harker, president of the Fed's Philadelphia region is worrying the stability of the Chinese economy. However, the applicability Harker stressed that he was unsure if the Fed could still raise interest rates two or even three more times this year. However, both Kaplan and Harker, both of them do not have a voice in determining the allocation of monetary policy this year.US economic data in general (except inflation) has been running in line with expectations, so, feared if not soon raise interest rates, the people will be confused on what the committee actually backrest and will erode public confidence in the credibility of the committee.

WORLD STROKE...DOLLAR DOMINANCE

2016-05-24T00:34:00.000-07:00

The study of the problems due to having one dominant global currency and even the owners of the currency is supposed to benefit, namely the United States, felt the downside. Dangerous volatility that occurred in the world financial markets in the last 12 months, according rooted in fear of what happens when a world which has stockpiled large amounts of debt in the face of signs of interest rates will increase.Although it is often rumored that households and banks in the United States to pay back more debt than during the credit crisis eight years ago, but all of the reduction was offset by the debt of private, corporate, and government higher than other parts of the world, including from Europe, China and developing countries.The role of the US dollar as the main reserve currency of the world are denominated debt is largely emerges as a new complication that increases the risk of instability.US first interest rate hike in a decade last December that of only 0.25% would be enough to trigger turbulence in the world market and create global capital markets started the year with the worst since World War 2. The subsequent recovery could only occur after the Federal Reserve Rush stated that it was delaying further increases.

US economic growth is approaching full employment can last possibility of rising interest rates and the strengthening of the dollar, but the rest of the world obviously can not. In turn, when the world went into shock due to the high cost to pay back its debts in dollar, then it will become a boomerang for the United States.By looking at this, it's no wonder that even though many people claim that the US should be happy with the privileges he enjoyed thanks to the status of dollar as the world's main reserve currency, but the US central bank officials do not even like.In a ceremony in Zurich, Switzerland, on Tuesday, Dudley of the New York Fed said that Americans should not feel bothered when other currency replace the dollar as a reserve currency.Although it does not expressly want to throw grasped dollar hegemony, but it is clear that there is ambivalence among central bank officials on the status as the world's reserve currency, because of the extensive use of their currencies in the international level could even jeopardize domestic policy.The tension that is at risk of spreading instability. If the FED can not change the policy for fear the shock would cause a boomerang impact, it would appear concern that low interest rate policy instead FED will only make the world accumulate more debt and imbalances.Similar worries voiced by the head of Monetary and Economic Department of the Bank of International Settlement (BIS), Claudio Borio. High-ranking officials in "his bank of central banks of the World" it said that the loose monetary policy of the FED could spread to other countries that are trying to increase their competitiveness amid weakening dollar.In the eyes of Morgan Stanley, the situation will only lead to more debt, and there is no painless way out of the problems that will come into effect in the next few years of this. Meanwhile, the veteran from the US bank estimates that the dollar is likely to strengthen again, because the US economy may be the only strong competing in the exchange rate of its currency strengthen.

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NEED FOR INTERVENTION IN YEN TRADING

2016-05-21T12:59:00.000-07:00

Japanese production machinery orders rose more than expected at the end of the first quarter but the company expects orders to decline in the second quarter because the company become more cautious due to the strengthening of the yen and a slowdown in the export destination countries.In January-March, core orders rose 6.7 percent from the previous three months. But in February, core bookings fell by 9.2 percent. At January to March, core orders rose 6.7 percent from the previous three months.Compared with a year earlier, core orders, a highly volatile series of data is regarded as an indicator of capital spending in the coming six to nine months, up 3.2 percent in March, more than the median forecast for a 0.8 percent increase Companies surveyed by the government, excluding ships and electric utility company, estimates that the booking will fall 3.5 percent in April-June quarter.Data showed that the company began to postpone their investment plans due to uncertainty about overseas economies and signs that consumer spending in the country is struggling to gain momentum.The Japanese company has a strong capital expenditure requirement for many assets that are old and the industry needs to upgrade the facility to make up for labor shortages.However, spending has been weak. Gross domestic product data for the first quarter this week showed household spending do not have the power and capital expenditure down, a worrying sign that domestic demand may falter.Orders production machinery is considered as an indicator of capital spending in the coming six to nine months, up 3.2 percent in March, more than the median forecast for a 0.8 percent increase.On the first day G7 meeting in Sendai, Japan, members agreed to execute the best policies are in accordance with the conditions of each country. This is because some member states have fiscal constraints unlike other members. This topic responds to the request of Japan to formulate a coordinated fiscal action to boost global growth.Meneri G7 meeting is a meeting of finance and central bank officials from the seven industrialized countries: Canada, Italy, France, Germany, Japan, UK, and USA.Another topic that emerged from the meetings of the G7 is the stability of the currency market. Japan signaling the need for intervention in yen trading, especially during high volatility, to support export activities and economic recovery. But for the US movement of the yen is appropriate so there is no reason to intervene in the market to restrain the yen's strength.

FOREX TRADING WORD

2016-05-20T19:53:00.001-07:00

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TORMOIL #TURMOIL #FOREXTURMOIL #MEI2016

2016-05-13T01:33:00.005-07:00

CRUDE OIL MARKET YEN AS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE INCREASE THE FED
Toyota reported an annual net profit rose 6.4% to 2:31 trillion yen, up from 2:17 trillion Japanese Yen. But Toyota expects to take on an assumed exchange rate of Japanese Yen 105 against the US dollar, then the estimated net profit slumped 35.1%.In the US, which is the largest market share of Toyota sales in April increased by 3.8% during the month of March, in line with the growth of the automotive industry amounted to 3.6%. SUVs like the Highlander and RAV4 reportedly showed large sales.Since the trend of the weakening yen at the end of 2012, profit Toyota and most Japanese automakers skyrocketed, but since the end of 2016, the movement of the Yen exchange rate has changed the trend, estimated to have a major impact on Toyota, but the impact of the strengthening of the Japanese Yen is expected to start eating away record of such earnings, because during this time the pace of Toyota's profit boosted by a weaker yen and solid demand in the United StatesThe crude oil market through choppy trade on Thursday managed to close higher thanks to the optimistic projections of international energy consulting firm. Crude oil prices touched new highs in 2016 at $ 47 per barrel as the dollar hurt by the rise in weekly jobless claims report.Crude oil prices closed at $ 46.39 per barrel in trading on Thursday (12/5) or an increase of 0.87% compared to the closing price of the previous session. Potentially weakening crude trading for the short term with immediate support seen in the nearby area 45.70 while immediate resistance is in the range of 47.00.President of the Federal Reserve of Kansas City, Esther George urged the US central bank to raise interest rates to prevent any possible asset price bubble.I think tingat current interest rates are too low for this economic condition, according to George. Sensitive sectors associated with interest rate can carry the debt burden is too much as the low interest rates and growing fast, and then reduced drastically, he added.The Federal Open Market Committee was mempertimbangakn time of rising interest rates for the second time following the first rise in December. Fed officials, ranging from Dennis Lockhart and John Williams both said further rises should happen at the FOMC meeting in June.

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FOREX #1 INTRODUCTION FOREX #1

2016-05-02T10:27:00.001-07:00

There are many different ways of trading forex, such as spot forex, futures, options or spread-betting.
The most significant difference between spot forex and futures is that spot forex co This gives rise to another unique aspect of spot forex the24-hour non-stop action; this is one major reason why enjoy trading spot forex.

With round-the-clock trading a person in any time-zone can trade spot forex at any time whether during the day or night.

When started in forex, Could only find one book on forex trading. Forex was notas popular as stocks or options trading, so there were very few articles in magazines that focused on this field. Spent the first one and a half years learning how to trade forex and honing my skills on a demo account, before progressing to a real account, when became consistently profitable. The breakthrough came when incorporated

fundamental and sentiment analysis into my predominantly technical-based analysis.

Even though was able to dedicate myself to full-time trading, Found the initiallearning curve to be extremely steep, as had no mentor and had to learn all theways of losing in the market before learnt how to profit from it. Hope that through this book, aspiring and current traders are able to fast-track their learning, and greatly improve their trading performance.

The forex markets have the promise of fast action and huge profits, but the risks are also great. It is estimated that over 90% of forex traders end up losing their tradingcapital. The good news is that most of these losses can be prevented by taking thetime to learn how to trade the forex markets and by implementing careful money management.

BE PUBLISER MADE MILLION$

2016-04-22T20:06:00.001-07:00

Before becoming publihser,the intention must have a strong will, in conducting a business.

The effort required must have a site that should be held not to be a paid site can be obtained free of charge.

Suppose can create a blog for free using blogspot provided by Google with only have a google account, or can make another site a kind of wordpress, in addition must have a site, can also become a publisher through a video uploaded on youtube, in other words, must have an account on the site Having a website or youtube, in addition to any other device that is required is a laptop or a mobile phone that can connect to the internet, which is used to upload the work you either text, images and video.

For some people, become Publisher serve as the main job, however more work as a publisher merely as a side job, because it starts from the people who work in an office, housewife, student, students, and even workers could result in a publisher, the capital became publisher only has a website, a good website, blog or youtube account.

You can work whenever, when you have an idea, new knowledge and experiences, you can write whenever and wherever. You can still work with your main job, and it can take time 30-90 minutes to work as a publisher.

But did not rule, income that we will get from being an independent publisher exceeds the salary of an employee of the establishment.

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FOREX MOVEMENTS USD, YEN....FANTASTIS..!

2016-04-11T18:05:00.000-07:00

WHEN TO SEE MOVEMENT USD / JPY VERY FANTASTIC, START FROM 123 DOWN TO 115 AND AFTER BOJ ANNOUNCE IS QE NEW THEN PRICE USD / JPY LIVE JUMPS TO 122 AND 1 DAY AFTER THE LEAP OF THE USD / JPY FELL EVEN DRASTIC TOUCH POINT THE LOWEST IN 111, 04 ........... WHY THIS cOULD HAPPEN? AND WITH PRINT MONEY NEW YEN IS GOING THROUGH QE " WEAKENED "
REMEMBER AT THE TIME OF THE FED TO START PRINTING MONEY, TH SINCE 2010 ....? AT THAT TIME LIVE USD SLUMPED ALL CURRENCIES AMONG OTHERS: USD / GBP: 1,65XX .... EURO / USD 1,47XX, USD / YEN: 78 ...... DSTSTILL REMEMBER UP AGAIN YOU AT THE TIME OF JAPANESE PMINTR MR. ABE DECIDED TO PRINT MONEY? WAS USD / YEN ONLY IN 78 AND AFTER JAPANESE PRINT START IN LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY THEN USD / YEN CONTINUES TO LIVE UP TO BE AROUND 122 ........THEN WHY IN JAPAN WHEN DECIDING TO SPEND NEW QE ACTUALLY YEN.. UP .........?THE ANSWER IS: QE IS ONE OF MEANS TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CRISIS WHICH ARE .... IE PRINTING MONEY WITH NEW AND LENT AT VERY LOW ..... THUS THE ECONOMY GOING GETS BETTER.FOR EXAMPLE: AMERICA: THE 2009 ELECTION TH AMERICA, AMERICA UNEMPLOYMENT NUMBERS ARE IN NUMBERS 9% AND AFTER THE FED QE THEN REMOVED FROM AMERICA GETS BETTER ECONOMIC,WHICH MARKED WITH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE TO BE DOWN AT THE LEVEL OF 4.9%.PLEASE NOTE THAT THE "RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT" THAT INDICATOR IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR AN ECONOMIC STATE, OTHERWISE " NO COUNTRY UNEMPLOYMENT FOR GOOD A ECONOMIC BUT HIGH AND STRONG CURRENCY MONEY"THEREFORE THE CURRENT PAYROLL ALMOST ALWAYS THERE NONFARM FLUCTUATIONS WHICH OCCURRED KEEN.REFER OF AMERICA ECONOMIC CONDITIONS WHICH GETS BETTER WITH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE 4.9% OF THAT THEN BEGIN USD CONTINUED TO STRENGTHEN AGAINST ALL CURRENCIES UP TO NOW.THEREFORE THE CURRENT ISSUES OF BANK OF JAPAN YEN THEN INSTEAD OF ADDITIONAL QE WEAKENED BUT HAS STRENGTENED, BECAUSE THE MARKET WITH NEW QE ESTIMATE THE JAPANESE ECONOMY WILL BE THE BETTER, AND PLEASE NOTE THAT THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN JAPAN THIS TIME ONLY 2.9% .. !! ! MUCH SMALLER THAN AMERICA.

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GOLD..GOLD..GOLD..GOLD...GOING DOWN IF...

2016-04-10T18:30:00.000-07:00

THE FUNDAMENTAL GOLD SHOULD HAVE BEEN UNDER 1000 USD / TROY ONS, HOWEVER GOLD WILL BE ABLE TO GO UP AGAIN (LIMITED) IF THERE ARE SIGNS SIGNS WORLD ECONOMY RECESSION WILL HAPPEN. WHILE THE WORLD SHOWING SYMPTOMS RECESSION IS THEN SOME INVESTORS WILL SHIFT THEIR PORTOFOLIOS FROM STOCK TO GOLD.
GOLD WATCH MOVEMENT WHICH CURRENTLY VERY NOT DIRECTED, GOLD UP IF CURRENT INDEX DOWJONES DOWN IN AND GOLD GOING DOWN IF DOWJONES INDEX UP ..... MOVEMENT WHICH SUCH AS THIS IS VERY HARMFUL TO WHICH THE CAPITAL TRADING LIMITED WILL BE HIGHLY PROFITABLE FOR .HOWEVER WHICH CAN ARRANGE MM (MONEY MANAGEMENT) THAT GOOD, BECAUSE THE PRICE FLUCTUATIONS WHICH IS BIG ENOUGH, SO WILL BE OPENED THE OPPORTUNITY FOR GAIN.

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Restlessness Global Economy in 2015 untl 2016...2017...?

2016-04-01T20:18:00.000-07:00

Illustration of global economic growth showed signs of slowing with significant downside risks. Some of the risk of global economic growth will even continue throughout 2016.

Recovery occurs Massive

The United States will be a leader in the recovery of the world economy. While economic growth in emerging markets will be driven by oil and commodity prices are low.

US economic recovery also occurs very quickly exceeded analysts' expectations throughout 2014. Despite the slowdown in the first quarter, but the US managed to rise rapidly in the next two quarters.

While economic growth in developing countries slowed down due to the drop in global oil prices.

How is the condition of the global economy next year? The following predictions:

> The interest rate the Fed

The Fed will not raise interest rates in 2015. In contrast to the consensus prediction that predicts an increase in interest rates in the second-quarter of 2015, QNB believe global disinflationary pressures and the strengthening of the dollar As will make inflation remained near zero level in 2015.

As a result, the Fed will not raise interest rates as expected given the level of inflation is still below the target of 2 percent. If the Fed does raise interest rates, the impact on the global economy would be really bad.

> Low Volatility and challenge

Volatility seems low in all markets except rates, although low liquidity may lead to some increase in the meantime. Volatility of economic data fell to a new bottom. Unemployment will decrease and the risk of recession in the US is also low.

> The Low Rate of Return

All types of assets will provide a low rate and the effect becomes something important. The rate of return on equity is still more attractive than bonds and the like. Equity multiples will remain above average and may move higher, even in the US.

> Differences Remain Market Lasts

The difference between market growth and monetary policies throughout the developed world will continue into next year. The Fed is likely to slow to raise interest rates while the European Central Bank and the Bank of Japan remained at the previous level.

The value of the US dollar will also be strengthened due to the difference in interest rates between the US and other countries.

> European Recession

The eurozone will enter another deflation and recession. The sharp drop in oil prices will push the euro zone into the era of deflation in 2015 with a number of efforts from the European Central Bank to avoid losses.

This condition will lead to investment and consumption are much weaker and push the currency in the area went into recession.

> Chinese Economic Growth Slowing

China's economic growth will slow to 6-7 percent over the next few years. The best opportunity to express a positive view of the market is likely to come when investors are moving towards such extreme pessimism earlier this year or in the summer of 2013. The decline in house prices and weaker global commodity prices will continue to depress domestic demand and creating a very strong disinflationary pressures.

Chinese government should try to do a further stimulus to the economy, although there will be enough to prevent the country from the economic slowdown. Slowing it also will push inflation to near zero.

> The emergence of the New Order Oil

The price of oil will be lower for some time. Maybe it would be a problem for energy stocks and commodities such as copper and aluminum are used in the oil production process.

> Crisis oil exporter

Some developing countries that export oil would fall on the balance of payments crises. The decline in world oil prices will encourage countries like Russia and Venezuela defaulted on its debt that is due.

These conditions can also be transmitted to other developing countries and encourage international agencies to intervene.

> Commodity prices

Low commodity prices and global economic slowdown will have an impact on economic growth in oil exporting countries.

As of this moment, the decline in oil prices will encourage slowdown ambitious infrastructure investment programs in several major countries.

> Developing Country Markets Improved

Many emerging markets will fix the imbalance, which triggered the oil and commodity prices lower so as to provide deflation and increase market growth.

> Low Inflation

Sluggish labor market, as evidenced by the low wage inflation, would survive. The risk of deflation will force other central banks to act as inflation remains below their target.

> Fixed Mighty Dollar

The strength of the US dollar against the currencies of countries other G10 members still mighty.

Overall, global growth in 2015-2016 will be weakened even further than the previous year. Referring to the IMF World Economic Outlook projections in October, the global economy will grow from 3.3 percent to 3.8 percent in 2015.

Hopefully there is still optimism the global economy in the 2016/7.....'s.

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Political Component Pricing On Government Jokowi

2015-01-19T09:58:00.001-08:00

The fall of crude oil prices, which devastated the economies of many countries, is considered a political. In fact, thick with political conspiracy.

Mr. President Jokowi Fuel Prices Down, Prices Staple Stable Whenever ?.

When fuel prices go down and occurs When crude oil prices are low, should would not want all food prices and public transportation costs go down as well.

Now that fuel prices go down, but food prices and the cost of public transportation still averse down. If it's like this, entrepreneurs, owners of public transportation, public transportation drivers, and rogue traders, who want their own wishes that make economic vandals in this country.

Lest the merchants and entrepreneurs accord just as much profit from its activities. Rollicking berkospirasi colonizing nation itself.

Learning from the past, has repeatedly experienced by Indonesia. As fuel prices rise, then the other prices go up. However, is not true if the fuel prices down. Many fictional pretext, when down the fuel no decrease in inflation or economic growth significantly. And so forth reasons that sometimes do not make sense, tend to want to own victory.

Society hopes Jokowi government immediately intervene to control the prices of basic necessities in the market. Because if it continues to rise will affect the economic uncertainty society.

Government Jokowi most responsible in ensuring basic needs will be dragged down the price decline in the price of fuel oil (BBM), which has been done in the near future.

Good news, the policy of fuel coming again of CMEA Djalil. He mentioned that the new price of fuel in Frebruari will be determined based on the Mean of Plats Singapore (MOPS) counted 24 Carre 2014 until 24 January 2015. fall of world oil prices up to US $ 50 per barrel in turn will be followed by a decrease in fuel prices in Indonesia.

"Premium price is lowered as they drop in crude oil prices on the world market, but when the world market price of crude oil rose again it will be adjusted again. That is because the premium price has followed the market mechanism or without subsidies, "he said.

Mr. Minister Sofyan Djalil to the media also said that now is being calculated losses and we will adjust. I'm sure in February 2015 will go down again. The government plans to set the price of premium fuel in two weeks according to world oil prices. "If pertamax set in two weeks. For a while the premium price is set once a month, but may be adjusted in two weeks.

In February the government berenca down again, the lower middle class hopes followed the decline in the price of staples or other goods and services. Because after the fuel price hike back to the discourse of decline in prices was not yet under control needs. And again, if the prices of all been on the market, what it means to the people in the care of a free market without government protection with respect to its existence.

The drop in world oil prices is not just a mere economic game. Behind all that, there is a big scenario played the oil producing countries of the world. Political scenario is referred to as the main motive in the global competition.

The oil game has been going on for the past few months. All countries are now affected, either positively or negatively. So, who is to play the politics of oil since June 2014 and up to now? Political analysts pointed to Saudi Arabia and the United States (US) to be the mastermind behind the drop in world oil prices.

They use oil market depressed for to destroy his enemies, especially Iran and Russia. Petroleum can be a deadly weapon to weaken a country, especially in terms of economics and politics. According to Edward Lucas of The Economist magazine, Arabia and the US to use oil to weaken the powers of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin.

Despite US and European economic sanctions related to the Russian annexation of the Crimea and the geopolitical game in eastern Ukraine, Moscow remains resilient and confident. However, the recent decline in world oil prices makes Russia furious and half desperate.

Russia is the country's third largest oil producer in the world. Russia depends on oil prices. "Nearly half of Russia's revenue comes from oil and gas," Lucas said, quoted by the Daily Mail. Oil prices reached the lowest point in the last five years, under USD50 / barrel last week made Russia almost stopped breathing.

The price of oil is too low it can weaken the ruble, Russian currency. It causes panic. The movement of money out of Russia increased sharply. It became the worst days for Russia. The world is to know how oil prices are so low is able to destroy the Soviet Union in 1991 because of the weakening economy.

Now, low oil became a serious threat on the Putin dictatorship trying to revive the Soviet empire. The question is now, whether Putin will fall?

"Political component always determines the price of oil. The moment of crisis is also due to political, "Putin said in an interview with Chinese media, published in the Russian presidential website. Putin has had a special strategy. He no longer sell oil and gas to European markets. Its proximity to Asia Pacific countries make Putin more confident.

In addition, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said the decline in world oil prices recently was a political conspiracy.

In a statement, Rouhani not specifically mention the countries he considered conspiring drop in world oil prices.

"The decline in oil prices is not something ordinary and nothing to do with the economy, is not only related to the global recession," said President Hassan Rouhani.

"The main reason is political conspiracy by certain countries.

Previous Iranian government tried to suppress the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to reduce production quotas as an effort to raise the price, but in a recent meeting of OPEC decided not to change the amount of production.

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AEC: Opportunities, Challenges and Risks for Indonesia

2015-01-04T01:18:00.001-08:00

Purpose of establishing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) to improve the economic stability of the ASEAN region, and is expected to overcome the problems in the economy among ASEAN countries.

ASEAN is an economic force consists of 10 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia.

The formation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) originated from the agreement ASEAN leaders in the Summit (Summit) in December 1997 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This agreement aims to improve the competitiveness of ASEAN as well as China and India can compete to attract foreign investment. Foreign capital needed to boost employment and welfare of the citizens of ASEAN.

At the next summit which took place in Bali in October 2003, ASEAN leaders declared that the establishment of the AEC in 2015.

There are several consequences of the impact of the MEA, the impact of the free flow of goods to the ASEAN countries, the impact of the free flow of services, the impact of the free flow of investment, the impact of the flow of skilled labor, and the impact of the free flow of capital.

Indonesia ready to face global competition in 2015? We should be prepared to face the competition in 2015. Indonesia and countries in Southeast Asia will form an integrated region known as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). MEA is a form of realization of the ultimate goal of economic integration in Southeast Asia.

There are some things that will be the focus of the AEC in 2015 that can be used as a good momentum for Indonesia.

> Southeast Asia region will be used as a unified market and production base. With the creation of a unified market and production base will make the flow of goods, services, investment, large amounts of capital, and skilled labor be no hindrance from one country to other countries in Southeast Asia.

> MEA will be formed as an economic area with a high level of competition, which requires a policy that includes competition policy, consumer protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), taxation, and E-Commerce. Thus, it can create a climate of fair competition; there is protection in the form of a network system of consumer protection agencies; prevent infringement of copyright; create an efficient transport network, secure, and integrated; eliminating the Double Taxation system, and; increase trade with the online-based electronic media.

> MEA will serve as the region has equitable economic development, with a priority on Small and Medium Enterprises. Competitiveness and dynamism of small and medium enterprises will be improved by facilitating their access to the latest information, market conditions, the development of human resources in terms of capacity building, finance, and technology.

> MEA will be fully integrated to the global economy. With the building of a system to improve the coordination of the member states. In addition, there will be increased participation of countries in Southeast Asia in the global supply network through pengembangkan package of technical assistance to countries less developed ASEAN members. This is done to improve the capabilities and productivity of the industry so that not only increase their participation at the regional scale, but also led the initiative to globally integrated.

Based on the ASEAN Economic Blueprint, MEA becomes very necessary to minimize the gap between ASEAN countries in terms of economic growth by increasing dependence members therein. MEA can develop the concept of meta-national in the food supply chain, and produce a single trading bloc that can handle and negotiate with exporters and importers of non-ASEAN.

For Indonesia, the MEA will be a good opportunity because of barriers to trade will tend to be reduced even be there. This will result in increased exports, which in turn will increase Indonesia's GDP. In this case the risk of competition will appear with the number of imported goods will flow in large quantities to Indonesia, which would threaten the local industry to compete with foreign products of much higher quality. This in turn will increase the trade deficit for the State of Indonesia itself.

On the investment side, this condition can create a climate that supports entry of foreign direct investment (FDI) which can stimulate economic growth through technology development, job creation, human resource development and easier access to the world market. These conditions can result in exploitation risk. Indonesia still has a less binding level of regulation so as to cause large-scale exploitation action against the availability of natural resources by foreign companies into Indonesia as a country with abundant amount of natural resources compared to other countries. There is a possibility also exploitation by foreign companies can damage the ecosystem in Indonesia, while the investment regulations that exist in Indonesia is not yet strong enough to keep the natural conditions including the availability of natural resources contained.

From the aspect of employment, there is a tremendous opportunity for job seekers because it can be a lot of available jobs with the various needs of its diverse membership. In addition, access to go abroad in order to find the job easier even could be without any particular obstacles. MEA also be a good opportunity for entrepreneurs to find the best workers in accordance with the desired criteria. In this case may raise the risk of ketenagakarejaan for Indonesia. In terms of education and productivity of Indonesia is still unable to compete with workers coming from Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand as well as the industrial foundations for Indonesia alone makes Indonesia ranked fourth in ASEAN.

With the presence of MEA this event, Indonesia has the opportunity to take advantage of economies of scale in the country as a base gain. However, Indonesia still has many challenges and risks that would arise if the MEA has been implemented. Therefore, the risk professionals are expected to be more sensitive to fluctuations will occur in order to anticipate emerging risks appropriately. In addition, a slick collaboration between state authorities and businesses need, both physical infrastructure and social (laws and policies) needs to be addressed, as well as the need to improve the capabilities and competitiveness of the workforce and companies in Indonesia. Do not let Indonesia just be a spectator in his own country in 2015. And also more importantly do not let the natural wealth, Indonesian sovereignty compromised by other countries.

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Emergency, Fed Funds Rate Increase In Time Near

2015-01-03T05:07:00.001-08:00

Re-mighty dollar. The US currency strengthened against all of its 16 major counterparts after rising at least 3.7% against all major currencies during 2014.

While Morgan Stanley reported the Fed is expected to raise interest rates in less than 8 months compared with the predictions of almost 13 months in October last. And some analysts expect the US central bank the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates (Fed Funds Rate) at the end of 2015 or early 2016, in contrast to the consensus that predicted a rise in the second quarter or third quarter of 2014.

The dollar rallied as the manufacturing sector data back reinforcing speculation the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates this year while other central banks extend its stimulus policies. Other data that supports pengutan currency is the manufacturing sector PMI data, where data from the ISM manufacturing PMI was at 55.5 last month from 58.7 in November. A reading above 50 indicates growth.

The increase in the Fed Funds rate can occur at the end of 2015, the Fed Funds rate will rise when inflation is above expectations.

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The Movement of FOREX Trading, System, Purchase, Characteristic.(1)

2015-01-02T21:07:00.001-08:00

Many advantages when we choose to trade forex. One of them is the forex trading hours that 'never sleeps'. You could say we all already know that forex trading or forex is open 24 hours a day and 5 days a week. It is a very long period of time. Arguably the open market which continues without any rest or sleep. For traders, this would be great fun. Because they are likely to multiply profits at any time.

However, like most ordinary market, not every moment is always crowded. There are days when the market is crowded with visitors. And there is a time and hour where the empty market although the market remains open. There are certain months where the market visitors actually exceeds the capacity.

So insight into the time and hours in forex trading, it is also very important. You can customize your character by character trading strategies forex trading time in general. In order that the results obtained maximum of every trade you.

Started FOREX Trading

Forex trader you must already know that forex trading if measured by GMT time Indonesia, began on Monday morning until Saturday morning. But maybe you do not know exactly what time it starts trading.

Forex trading world, broadly divided into 5 major markets, namely: Session Sydney (Australia), Session Tokyo (Asia), Session London (Europe), Frankfurt (Germany), Session New York (USA). As we know there is a time difference that is long enough between Australia and America (+16 hours). This is what makes forex trading market never sleeps. When one market closes, another market being open, and so on.

For more details, let's look at the time and the hour when each market open / close:

1. Sydney, Australia

Open: 5:00 pm

Close: 13:00

2. Tokyo, Japan

Open: 6:00 pm

Close: 14:00 pm

3. Frankfurt, Germany

Open: 1:00 pm

Close: 21:00 pm

4. London, England

Open: 2:00 pm

Close: 22:00 pm

5. New York, USA

Open: 19:00 pm

Close: 3:00 pm +1

When viewed from the five major market every day, then an hour most mornings forex trading is Sydney, Australia 05:00, including Monday that the world of forex trading week begins. While the closure is New York, USA at 03:00 early the next day. You can see that forex trading is almost done 24 hours. It is a great opportunity for us traders, because they have a greater opportunity to develop trading capital or take profit.

Furthermore, let's see how it compares to the movement of pips, in each market.

Table difference in price movements (PIPS) forex pairs

Pair Session Tokyo / Asia Session London / Europe Session New York / USA

EUR / USD 76 114 92

GBP / USD 92 127 99

USD / JPY 51 66 59

AUD / USD 77 83 81

NZD / USD 62 72 70

USD / CAD 57 96 96

USD / CHF 67 102 83

EUR / JPY 102 129 107

GBP / JPY 118 151 132

AUD / JPY 98,107,103

EUR / GBP 78 61 47

EUR / CHF 79 109 84

Markets London / Europe

European markets took the largest share is nearly 36% of the total trade. European market is currently the most crowded, where thousands of entrepreneurs world-class snapper forex trading transactions.

Some traits / characteristics of the Tokyo market session / Asia are:

* Due to the London session has time overlapping with other market then this session becomes very crowded. This resulted in very high liquidity and spreads into smaller pips.

* Range of price movement becomes very high (Volatile).

* Trends happened majority will continue until the beginning of the session on the New York market trade.

* During the day volatility will decrease over the noon hour to eat and wait for America to open session.

* Some important news in the Euro zone will also greatly influence price movements.

* At the time of the European session the pair's all become very attractive for trading, because of hectic trade. But who strictest remain on major pairs: EUR / USD, GBP / USD, USD / JPY, and USD / CHF. Some cross pair like EUR / JPY and GBP / JPY also can be glimpsed as it moves quite stable, many traders liked this cross twisted pair.

* Apart from Japan, the countries with the second economic power (Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Seoul) is also active in the transaction. Along with China, Japan is exporting countries that besides the Bank of Japan, China, the commercial businesses (Export / Import) also also participated actively traded.

* At certain times of liquidity could be very small, visible at a very small price movements (do not change within a relatively long). This small price movements that allow formed breakout level of previous trends that occurred in the American market, so there is a phase of consolidation of a pair.

* Most of the movement occurred when the early trade, which at times was a fundamental economic news released or out.

* Market tokyo little lot will also affect the markets that open further, Because traders in Europe and America will see what happened earlier through the Tokyo market.

* Pair that might be interesting for you to trade in the Asian session is, JPY and AUD. Given China also has grown to become the new economic powers, when they released the second important news Pair will also be affected.

Market NewYork / USA

NewYork market accounted for approximately 19% of the total trade. New York is the center of trade and business in America, the city is also nicknamed the "City that never sleep 'means the city that never sleeps.

And as we all know that the USD is the currency of the world, nearly 90% of trade will always involve dollars in it.

Some traits / characteristics of NewYork market session are:

* High liquidity during the morning (early trade), because of overlapping with the European session.

* When the important economic news US release will have enormous power to move prices in pasar.Ingat 90% of the trade involving the dollar.

* After the European markets closed, the liquidity and volatility also tends to decrease (when the US afternoon session).

* On Friday US time, the trade will decline drastically, as traders in Asia and Europe had ceased to move, they are preparing for the holiday weekend.

* Some of the trend reversal may also be common in the period of time after the afternoon session Americans. Some traders do not want to leave the position open to avoid things or news that may occur at the weekend.

* As in the European market, all very interesting couple pair played in the American session, you just have to be extra pay more attention to the time when important news will be and is being released, the dollar will move wildly and even skipping.

Above you have studied the general character of each market, let's move a little to know the characteristics of the pair on certain days. So that you have a portrait of intact and you can determine when, hours, time and day that suits you.

Let's see Table pips according to the price movement. Pair Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Pair Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday (morning)

EUR / USD 69 109 142 136 145 144

GBP / USD 73 149 172 152 169 179

USD / JPY 41 65 82 91 124 98

AUD / USD 58 84 114 99 115 111

NZD / USD 28 81 98 87 100 96

USD / CAD 43 93 112 106 120 125

USD / CHF 55 84 119 107 104 116

EUR / JPY 19 133 178 159 223 192

GBP / JPY 100 169 213 179 270 232

EUR / GBP 35 74 81 79 75 91

EUR / CHF 35 55 55 64 87 76

Seen that Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, is the time when the most crowded and busy market.

When is the best time and hours for forex trading:

* The European session was the most busy and crowded.

* When overlapping provide liquidity and high volatility, this is your chance to immediately achieve the gain / profit in a short time.

* By mid-week (Wednesday, Thursday, Friday) where the price movement pips are at the highest value.

When is the time and hours that are not suitable for forex trading:.............................next

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The Movement of Forex Trading, System, Purchase, Characteristic (2)

2015-01-02T20:58:00.001-08:00

.....When is the best time and hours for forex trading:

* The European session was the most busy and crowded.

* When overlapping provide liquidity and high volatility, this is your chance to immediately achieve the gain / profit in a short time.

* By mid-week (Wednesday, Thursday, Friday) where the price movement pips are at the highest value.

When is the time and hours that are not suitable for forex trading:

Most movement occurs when the early trade, which fundamentally new economic news released.

Tokyo market will also have some impact to open markets further, Because traders in Europe and America will see what happens before through the Tokyo market.

At certain times of liquidity could be very small, visible at a very small price movements.

The currency pair you are trading that may be on the Asian session is, JPY and AUD.

London's Calling

The European market is forex trading sessions of the most crowded, where thousands of world-class entrepreneurs forex trading transactions. Here are the characteristics of the session in the London market, namely:

Range of price movement becomes very high (Volatile).

Some important news in the Euro zone will also greatly influence price movements.

Since the London session has time overlapping with other markets, the forex trading session becomes very crowded. This resulted in very high liquidity and spreads into smaller pips.

During the day volatility will decline as lunch break and wait for the American session open.

The trend will continue until the majority of the early session on the New York market trade.

Forex trading sessions on European time makes all very interesting pair to be traded. As in the major pairs: EUR / USD, GBP / USD, USD / JPY, and USD / CHF. Some cross pair like EUR / JPY and GBP / JPY also can be glimpsed as it moves quite stable, many traders liked this cross twisted pair.

New York, New York

New York is the center of trade and business in America, the city is also nicknamed the "City that never sleep 'means the city that never sleeps. Since the USD is the currency of the world, and nearly 90% of trade will always involve dollars in it. The following characteristics of the American market:

After European markets closed, the liquidity and volatility also tends to decrease. Especially during the afternoon session of the United States.

Economic news can move the market price, considering all trades involve the dollar.

High liquidity may occur at the beginning of trading in the morning, because of overlapping with the European session.

On Friday US time, the trade will decline drastically, as traders in Asia and Europe had stopped moving, and get ready for the holiday weekend.

Some of the trend reversal may also be common in the period of time after the afternoon session Americans. Some traders do not want to leave the position open to avoid things or news that may occur at the weekend.

In forex trading session at United, all twisted pair is also very interesting to play. You just need extra attention to the important news that will come out, because the dollar can move wildly.

You can search for more profit by utilizing forex trading session European time. Because the European session is the most busy and crowded. Similarly, when there is overlap, you can make a profit in a short time.

Asian markets are less suitable for aggressive traders, due to the volatility and low liquidity. And do not forget to always pay attention to the news or other important events. Even as the World Cup soccer event could make the market be quiet, because the attention of traders switch.

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Gripping, Dollar Back ahold Market

2015-01-01T19:32:00.001-08:00

Today in the absence of economic data from the European Union and the market is preparing to welcome the new year 2015 tomorrow Thursday, the Dollar is likely to be continued to dominate the market although in thin trading as US unemployment claims data is reported later that evening.

In the previous trading day, the EUR / USD jumped nearly 60 points after forming yearly lows. This surge appears to only be temporary due to profit-taking ahead of the end of the year. As is known, investors have been selling euros and buy dollars since last June.

While the European region struck back with speculation "Grexit" Greek production as well as the blue zone's debt crisis, after Greece's political turmoil. Greek Parliament again failed to elect the next president of Greece, triggering early elections on 25 January 2015. However, recent surveys show the opposition party Syriza who will win the election, these conditions lead to the Yen, Swiss Francs, Gold and Silver back pursued by investors.

Dollar Will Stronger 2015

Daily Telegraph carried a report that the US dollar looks will continue to strengthen in 2015 and expect the value equation (parity) for the first time after more than 10 years. Economic analyst at Citibank said the combination of tighter monetary policy in the United States and more elastic monetary policy in Europe, causing the Euro would be almost worth the dollar.

Parity means, the value of EUR per USD to 1.0000 and Citibank expects the value of EUR against the USD will reach 1.1000 in September 2015 and under the "parity", 0.9900, for the first time since December 2002 to 2016.

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Accelerate Pertamina Upstream Business Development, By Promoting Exploration

2015-01-01T15:55:00.001-08:00

PT Pertamina (Persero) to develop its upstream business because of the existing oil and gas wells in Indonesia is currently only manage 20 percent.

President Director of PT Pertamina (Persero), Soetjipto said, one of which is the focus of today's Pertamina is accelerating the development of the upstream business, to encourage exploration.

"Accelerating the development of the upstream business. We hope to strengthen so that a more active upstream exploration," said Dwi, the end of the year when the irradiation performance of Pertamina, Pertamina Central Office, Jakarta, Wednesday (12/31/2014).

Soetjipto revealed, the portion of the management of oil and gas wells are given Pertamina must increase because currently only manage 20 percent of oil and gas wells in Indonesia.

"To anticipate that the upstream portion can be better. This time of national production, which is managed by Pertamina 20%, it is too small," said Dwi.

"We hope to get the chance to operate the blocks that contract runs out. Or we should actively develop new wells," he concluded

Soetjipto hope that the Government provide the opportunity to Pertamina to manage oil and gas blocks whose contract is running out, so that the portion of Pertamina in managing oil and gas wells in the country increased.

How Plastic Types Available

2014-12-23T03:39:00.001-08:00

The exact number is unclear. Plastic is not only one of the ingredients that made the same way every time. Although the plastic can be broken down into broad types or categories, there are actually thousands of different plastics, each with its own composition and characteristics. One plastic can block the oxygen to reach the food. Other possible but difficult transparent as glass. Or stretch and get back in shape.

That's why plastic is used in many ways: they protect our food, protect our homes, improve our cars gas mileage, keep us dry when it rains ... and many other things.

Plastic is the result of a mixture of chemical and engineering. As innovation marches, scientists and engineers can make new plastic to do more and more things.

So even though the amount is not clear plastic, plastic makers tend plastic into two general groups of classes: thermoplastics and thermosets.

Thermoplastics can be re-melted and basically back to their original state as a way kind of ice can melt and then cooled again. Thermoplastics are usually produced first in a separate process to make small pellets; This pellet is then heated and molded to make all kinds of consumer and industrial products. Thermoplastic including plastic you may be familiar with: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, polycarbonate, and others.

Thermosets are usually produced and formed into a product at the same time-and they can not return to their home countries. They are generally formed using heat and be "set," such as eggs cooked. Thermoset including vulcanized synthetic rubber, acrylic, polyurethane, melamine, silicone, epoxies, and others.

There is another category of plastics:

Engineering plastic ... Has good mechanical properties have been improved and engineered often greater durability. For example, impact-resistant polycarbonate. Polyamides such as nylon against abrasion. Some combination of plastic, such as ABS is very difficult (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). List of engineering plastics long enough.

Plastic fibers precisely that: a plastic that has been spun into fibers or filaments which are used to make cloth, rope, ropes, fiber optic cable and even body armor. Most plastic fiber is strong, elastic, and stable under heat (so that the fabric can be ironed). Some of the most known plastic fibers are polyester, nylon, rayon, acrylic, and spandex, although there are many more. (Note: sometimes called polyethylene terephthalate polyester-it is also used to make plastic water bottle which can then be recycled into fibers for clothing, such as fleece jackets and t-shirts).

There are many more categories, such as coatings, adhesives, elastomers and rubber, which includes the plastic used in everything from outside the shuttle to food packaging.

Effect Of Alloying Elements In Steel

2014-12-22T17:31:00.001-08:00

Alloying elements used in steel nickel, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, manganese, silicon and tungsten. Each element has a certain quality steels are added. These elements can be used separately or in combination to produce the desired characteristics in steel.

Here is the effect of alloying elements in steel.

A. Nickel. Steel containing 2 to 5% nickel and 0.1-0.5% carbon increases the strength and toughness. In this range, nickel major contribution tensile strength, yield strength, toughness and shape and hardness properties with high elastic limit, good ductility and resistance to corrosion. An alloy containing 25% nickel has a maximum toughness and offer the greatest resistance to rust, corrosion and burn at high temperatures.

B. Chromium, improve corrosion resistance, increase the tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance and heat resistance. It provides property stainless steel. Reduce spasticity steel. Is used as an alloying element in steel to combine hardness with high strength and high elastic limit. Adding corrosion resistant properties to steel. The most common chrome steel containing 0.5-2% chromium and 0.1 to 1.5% carbon. Chrome steel is used for ball, roller bearings and races for. A Nickel-Chrome steel containing 3.25% nickel, 1.5% chromium and 0.25% carbon is widely used for steel plate. Chrome nickel steel is widely used for automobile crankshafts, axles and gears that require great strength and hardness.

C. Tungsten, increase hardness, wear resistance, shock resistance and magnetic reluctance. This improves the ability to maintain the hardness and toughness at high temperatures. Increase wear resistance, shock resistance, toughness, and depth of hardening steel quenched.

D. Vanadium. Increasing tensile strength, elastic limit, ductility, fatigue resistance, shock resistance and response to heat treatment. It also acts as a degasser when added to molten metal. The addition of a very small amount of vanadium (less than 0.2%) resulted in a marked increase in tensile strength and elastic limit at low and medium carbon steels without loss of ductility. Chrome vanadium steel contains about 0.5 to 1.5% chromium, 0.15 to 0.3% vanadium and 0.13 to 1.1% carbon has excellent tensile strength, elastic limit, limit of endurance and tenacity.

E. Molybdenum. In a very small amount (from 0.15 to 0.30%) of molybdenum is commonly used with chromium and manganese (0.5 to 0.8%) to make a molybdenum steel. This increases the hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance. When added with nickel, improves corrosion resistance. Case against the tendency of angry fragility. It makes tough steel at various levels of violence. It acts as an inhibitor of grain growth when the steel is heated to a high temperature. Molybdenum steel has a hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance and tensile strength extras. It is used for air-plane and automobile parts. It can replace tungsten in high speed steel.

F. Cobalt. When added to steel, it purifies graphite and perlite and acts as a grain refiner. Improved hardness, toughness, tensile strength and heat resistance.

G. Titanium. Serves as a good deoxidizer and promote grain growth. It prevents the formation of austenite at high chromium steel. It is a strong carbide former. It is used to fix carbon in stainless steel and thus prevent the precipitation of chromium carbides.

H. Aluminum. Used as a deoxidizer. If present in an amount of about 1%, it helps promote nitriding.

I. Copper. Increasing resistance to corrosion. This increases the strength. More than 0.6 percent copper for precipitation.

J. Silicon. Increasing the magnetic permeability and reduce hysteresis losses. It reduces the weldability and forgeability. It is also added as a deoxidizer during ingot casting. It takes care of the oxygen present in the steel by forming SiO2. Silicon steel behaves like nickel steel. This steel has a high elastic limit compared with ordinary carbon steel. Silicon steel containing 1 to 2% silicon and 0.1-0.4% carbon and other alloying elements are used to power machinery, valves in IC engines, springs and corrosion resistant materials.

K. Mangan. Increasing the strength of steel in both conditions of hot rolled and heat treated. Manganese alloy steel containing more than 1.5% manganese with various carbon from 0.40 to 0.55% is used extensively in gear, axles, shafts and other parts where high strength combined with a fair ductility required. The main use of manganese steel on the engine suffered severe wear.

L. Carbon. Increasing tensile strength and hardness. It reduces the ductility and weldability. It affects the melting point.

Indonesia Economy

2014-12-22T10:26:00.001-08:00

Countries that have a high economic potential Indonesia has the potential to be considered internationally.

> Natural resources / commodities are diverse and abundant in Indonesia

> The population of the younger generation, a large and growing

> Political stability maintained

> The strategic location on Asian economies

> Low labor wages

Indonesia - the country with the largest economy in Southeast Asia - often referred to as a worthy candidate to be one of the members of the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as its economy rapidly showed signs of development together with other members of the . Lately, a new group was demanding attention. This group consists of developing countries are characterized by diverse economic promises, the financial system is quite sophisticated and the number of fast-growing population. The group is known by the acronym CIVETS (Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa) and - when coupled - the total number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) members of this CIVETS estimated to be worth half of global GDP in 2020.

Another example that illustrates the international recognition of Indonesia's strong economic growth is the increase in the ranks of the international credit rating agencies such as Fitch Ratings, Moody's and Standard & Poor's. Strong economic growth, low government debt and prudent fiscal management as a reason for the increase in the assessment. It is also the key to financial capital inflows in the form of foreign funds to Indonesia: good portfolio flows and foreign direct investment (FDI) increased significantly. FDI inflows, which previously relatively weak and shook the foundations of the country for a decade after the Asian Financial Crisis, showed a sharp increase after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009.

Indonesia as an economy in which the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and very large private business group, showed a positive sign for the beginning of a period of significant economic growth. However, it is also worth mentioning that Indonesia is a country that is complex and contains a certain risk for investment and difficulties in order to unique dynamics. To be aware of the risks involved in investing, we recommend you to read the section Risk Investing in Indonesia as well as the latest news follow political developments, social and economic through the News, Business and Finance.

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International Trade

2014-12-20T19:50:00.001-08:00

Each activity has an impact, not least on international trade. The impact that is created can be positive and negative impacts. The following are the positive and negative impacts of international trade for the Indonesian economy.

Positive Impact of International Trade for the Indonesian Economy

International trade has a positive impact on Indonesia as follows:

Unmet demand for various goods and services.

Resident in the country concerned can obtain goods and services easily and cheaply as a result of the efficiency and specialization.

Increased foreign exchange.

The opening of employment opportunities.

The creation of friendship and cooperation between countries in various fields.

And encouraged domestic economic activity.

Negative Impact of International Trade for the Indonesian Economy

In addition to having a positive impact, international trade also have a negative impact. As for the negative impact caused by international trade are as follows:

The resignation of the domestic industry if people prefer products that are imported from abroad. This led governments in various countries perform protection policy. Protection policy issued by the government may take the form of quotas, tariffs, and subsidies.

The emergence of dependence on developed countries as the owner of the factors of production. With no such dependence, developed countries can establish economic policies that harm developing countries such as Indonesia.

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Storm Russian Economic Crisis Transmission to Asia

2014-12-19T23:43:00.001-08:00

Policy makers in Asia face the Russian disaster from a stronger position than when the volatile emerging markets around the world in 1997-98. With the current account deficit shrinks, cheap oil and higher reserve in their favor, the largest Southeast Asian and South Asian countries can see that the situation is similar to 2002, when the disaster in Argentina and Turkey failed to trigger a crisis in the region.

While the market has not been affected - Indonesia and India buy their currencies this week after they glide - a shift in policy and domestic demand can help. With a swelling middle class clamoring for a better home, transportation and entertainment, companies in this region have a homegrown source of growth, and local capital markets more to turn for financing.

Countries including Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia have started the era of structural reforms since the Asian financial crisis, taking steps to reduce government spending and deficits, accumulate reserves, raising interest rates and improve governance. That helped the region withstand the impact of the crisis Turkey in 2001 and Argentine standards, then the largest in the world, in 2002.

Currency reserves, external liabilities of developing countries in Asia accounted for 16 percent of gross domestic product last year, compared with about 34 percent in 1998, according to data from the International Monetary Fund.

"Every Asian central banks have moved to international standards in reporting reserves, and policy makers have also reduced the accumulation of foreign debt and the rules of the currency mismatch between the company tightened," said Frederic Neumann, co-head of Asian economics at HSBC Holdings Plc in Hong Kong . Most economies have a stronger policy credibility, with the new government in India and Indonesia are also more likely to deliver reform, he said.

Crude oil slump to five-year lows has also given India, Malaysia and Indonesia room to unload energy subsidies this year because they are taking steps to strengthen the position of the current account.

Fuel Subsidy

With a stable debt ratio, an increase in demand, lower oil prices and the Federal Reserve's rate of price increases, "Asia appears more than able to ride out any attack weak investor sentiment that may arise in the next few months," David Carbon, managing director of DBS Group Holdings Ltd. for economic and currency research, said in a report today.

President of Indonesia Joko Widodo has cut fuel subsidies and is considering an overhaul of the price system for decades. Lower demand for fuel imports will help to reduce the trade and current account deficits and current account deficits are smaller will reduce investors' concerns about the funding gap, said Tamara Henderson, an economist at Bloomberg LP in Singapore.

In India, a new central bank governor and the new government has improved the economic position. The country is counted among the "Fragile Five" along with South Africa, Indonesia, Turkey and Brazil in the face of current account deficits and currency plunged last year after the Fed signaled the bond purchase program will end.

Adequate ammunition

Raghuram Rajan, a former chief economist of the IMF who took the helm of the central bank in September 2013, offered for dollar swap proposed by the bank to prop up the exchange rate, pushing the benchmark rate to 8 percent, and adopting policies to slow consumer inflation -Price 6 percent in January 2016 .

Narendra Modi's election as prime minister in May, and plans to overhaul the economy and reduce the budget deficit should also help attract more foreign capital, said Shubhada Rao, economist at Yes Bank Ltd. in Mumbai.

"India, for six to 12 months, has built a sufficient level of ammunition to be able to withstand the financial market turmoil," he said. While there will be a phase of volatility, "India has done well in strengthening the domestic fundamentals on a relative scale and increase foreign exchange reserves to be able to intervene and when the situation warrants it."

Thailand low government debt, a strong external balance sheet and liquidity strength, political uncertainty continues, Standard and Poor's said yesterday. A military coup in May led to the formation of the government-run there, while in Indonesia, thousands of people took to the streets to protest against rising fuel prices.

Relatively low foreign exchange holdings in Indonesia increased its fragility: back up just enough to cover 6.6 months of imports, central bank figures show that less than 10.7 months to 8.4 months in the Philippines and Malaysia. Indonesian bond risk has increased by 34 percent in the last two weeks and foreign funds have attracted 18.2 trillion rupiah ($ 1.4 billion) of local currency government bonds this month, heading out the most since June 2013.

"Risk-off sentiment will be temporary and ultimately investors will seek higher yields," said Dian Ayu YUSTINA, Jakarta-based economist at PT Bank Danamon Indonesia. "Unless Russia collapsed, in terms of the impact of contagion would be great."

Policy makers say they are ready to act: Bank Indonesia has said "bitter" medicine of rate increases still need to be taken, while Governor Amando Tetangco Philippines said "all the tools that open" there should be signs of extreme market volatility or potential contagion.

Developing Asia will grow 6.2 percent next year from 6.1 percent forecast in 2014, the Asian Development Bank said this week. Lower oil prices could mean upside surprise in 2015, because most of the region's economies are oil importers, he said.

"Drawing a parallel between the late 1990s and is now a little bit wrong," HSBC said Neumann. "Reserves are higher, more fiscal space, and external payments position is much stronger should be enough to see the area through this financial storm."

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Mount Merapi Vulkanic Mystery

2014-12-12T03:19:00.001-08:00

Entering the Merapi area quickly felt the fresh air and beautiful nature.

This morning was the rain falling since dawn. But another story another first today, your history today struck by a frightening figure by the sight of large trucks loaded with sand and driven by reckless, became king of the road undefeated. Truck load of sand miners from Mount Merapi became active around dawn, morning these trucks lined up scrambling up the mountain, and approximately 07.00 already begun to fall in tandem with a full load of sand. This kind of activity until late at night.

Then what and why this is so aggressive sand mining?.

Sand mining in Boyong, Village Purwowinangun, Pakem and Opak, Hamlet Batur, Kepuharjo, Cangkringan, complained of residents for causing damage to roads in the conservation area. Who observed the narrow streets, where it intersects two vehicles just hard on the road Turgo, on Friday, accompanied by his entourage passed every day truck number 13s / d 18 trucks, while the duration of the inter-group with one another truck, 5s / d 10 minutes, if the calculated minimal transport (8 hours) a day = (8 hours: 10 minutes) X 13truk = 48X13 = 624 x truck transporting sand.

The number of trucks expected no less than 200truk milled sand carrier operating in an area located in the Mount Merapi (How noisy made this area). Mine is 2.2 hectares is estimated to contain more sand than 250,000 cubic meters.

Uncontrolled mining activities may result in environmental issues. Damage due to road traffic transport transportation of materials mined. Among these is the destruction of flood control dam lava of Mount Merapi, a process of landslides on either side of the river cliff Boyong.

Therefore, the necessary measures so that the environmental monitoring and management of environmental conditions at the present time does not develop into increasingly worse. Broadly speaking, the necessary efforts to address these issues in an integrated manner, covering aspects of regulations and legislation, management / professional natural resource management include the planning stages of the design of environmentally sound mining, mining process can seek the smallest possible environmental damage and environmental control and pollution caused by the exploitation of natural resources such minerals. Addition of socio-cultural aspects need to reduction / control the possibility of social conflicts caused by mining.

Now Merapi natural conditions in the region is changing rapidly. Some villages in Pakem and Cangkringan has now turned into a sand mining pits that every day filled with miners, beghoe and sand transport truck.

Residents living near the slopes of Mount Merapi protest rampant sand mining because it threatens the environment in which they live. During this protest has been filed to the Governor of Yogyakarta, but there is no response. Sand mining activities on the slopes of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta until today still ongoing. Heavy equipment such as begho used to dredge sand from the slopes of Merapi. Kepuharjo citizens, and citizens Boyong, Sleman, Yogyakarta, which are surrounding the mining of sand opposed sand mining on the slopes of Merapi, which has been out of control. Residents consider the use of heavy equipment such as begho will have a negative impact on the surrounding environment. Additionally fro hundreds of trucks every day also destroyed roads and paths disaster evacuation. The slopes of Mount Merapi has been an area that is very important as a water catchment for the needs of the people of Yogyakarta and Klaten, Central Java.

Way sand mining is so tempting, so many people can not control let alone prevent it? Then the government, what role, why continue to give permission to mine ?.

Now when the environment is getting damaged and losses on the greater damage to the environment, to what the mining activities continue to be permitted without control? Communities and governments in the four districts which are included in the Merapi area, seharus prohibit destructive mining activities and expressly did some restrictions related to mining license restrictions, restrictions on the location of the mine and especially sand mining volume restrictions based on the carrying capacity of the eruption of Merapi.

Type Sand Is So make Ambition Seductive ?.

Sand at Mount Merapi volcanic sand many types of silica content.

What are the benefits of volcanic sand or silica sand is.

There are many functions that previously we did not know, if we consider trivial sand which is proved to have a million uses valuable.

In the industrial world, the use of sand is quite rapid, either directly as a principal raw material as well as supplementary material. As the main raw material, for example for the industry:

A. Industrial Glass and Glass

Most formulas are produced glass for commercial consists of quartz / silica soda and salt. Most of the raw materials of volcanic sand is silica glass-forming oxides in the manufacturing process of the glass formula is sometimes added other oxides to obtain properties of the desired products such as glass.

> AlO3 and B2O3 to add resistance to the chemical.

> Oxides chromium, cobalt, iron, or nickel as the dye.

> Oxides of sulfur to improve the smelting process in the manufacture of glass are melted.

A.1. Glass Sheets

In the field of building construction has been very widespread use of glass, especially glass sheets, wave glass, glass blocks for purposes of diffusion beam combination of fiber glass to adjust the theater sound system or other purposes which require properties of translucent or opaque.

A.2. Glass Indoflot

Indoflot glass is made by way of the development of the liquid above the glass liquid metal.

A.3. Patterned glass / Ice

Patterned glass is color glass made by floating process. Glass color is obtained by entering the dye into the liquid glass is being processed

Patterned glass can reduce the heat and glare of the incoming light, and has a very low power of invisibility that gives a sense of comfort for those who are in the room. This type of glass is very suitable for use in the tropics, especially for use:

Architectural interior and exterior of the home, office central offices and the like.

A.4. Glass packaging, packaging products used for food industry and pharmaceutical industry. For food and beverage packaging can be used bottles colored and colorless.

For the packaging of medicines needed bottles are resistant to chemicals are the type of bottle sulfation and pipe types of boro silicate for ampoules and vials.

Household appliance glass purposes

Household appliance glass purposes Dapa t form plates, bowls, and cups including glass jewelry, crystal glasses and other glassware.

A.5. The use of glasses for Science and engineering directly stimulate the application of advanced technologies in the glass industry.

Automobile industry, aircraft, boat motors use a lot of high-tech glass such as laminated glass, toughened glass, glass electric barbed curved safety glass, insulation, glass fiber which is used as plastic

In the field of electrical, glass is used for lighting, power transmission and electronic communications. Products of this glass is electrically conductive, electrical insulating glass cathode ray tube glass glass resistor penaha ultrasonic beam radar cathode ray tubes, television kmputer laboratory glassware and others.

B. Cement industry

In the cement industry, volcanic silica sand is used as supplementary material for the manufacture of cement.

C. Industrial processing and refractory bricks.

Quartz sand / volcanic used in the foundry industry serves as a molding sand (faundry), while it is in the industry fireproof silica sand is the main raw material.

D. Silica Sand for Ceramic Industry:

D.1. Conventional ceramic.

In general, this type uses natural materials consisting of the above amorphous phase with or without processing, there are two classes of industries including conventional ceramics, namely:

> Industrial heavy ceramic consisting of cement, mortar refractory, abrasive, and specific industry.

> Fine ceramics industry ie atu decorative ceramic pottery, tile floors and walls sanitary, food and beverage equipment, electrical insulating ceramic kitchenware incandescent light engineering and glass bottles.

Modern Ceramic D.2.

Advanced ceramics industry in Indonesia has been no material used is a raw material which got an artificially pure crystalline phase of advanced ceramic products marketed in the world, among others:

> Zirconia and Siaon for the automotive industry (engine blocks, gear) blade and scissors.

> Barium titanate for the electronics industry (as a capacitor or resistor).

> Ceramic non oxide is used for high-tech machine tool Klin furniture components extraction and processing of metals.

> Fiber optics in industrial telekomonikasi, lighting skyscrapers and solar power.

Used also used in other industries.

Some uses of silica sand in other industries are as follows:

> Filler in paint industry.

> Materials hardener in the rubber industry.

> Materials sandpaper.

> Materials rust remover in the metal industry.

> Material filter in the water purification industry.

> Raw materials manufacture of ferro silicon carbides.

E. Silica Sand for sand blasting. what was sand blasting? sand blasting is a technique of cleaning the crust / rust in the engine / metal with high pressure spray silica sand. there are some industries that routinely require silica sand.

Such as: industrial metal, used also for the formation of texture in an aluminum mold plastic mold as well.

F. silica sand for concrete / construction. Machine elements, Die Casting conventional, automotive industry.

G. silica sand for metal roof materials / metals in order to muffle the sound of rain.

H. silica sand as the water filter.

I. Silica Sand is a common additive in food production, where it is used primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water.

J. silica thin film grown on a silicon wafer by thermal oxidation method bias is very useful in microelectronics, where they act as an electrical insulator with high chemical stability. In electrical applications, can protect the silicon, and even act as a controlled path for current membatasialiran.

K. Silica is also used in the extraction of DNA and RNA for its ability to bind to nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes. As a hydrophobic silica is used as a defoamer component. In hydrated form, used in toothpaste as an abrasive hard to remove dental plaque.

L. In its capacity as a refractory material, it is useful in the form of fibers as the high-temperature thermal protection fabric.

M. In cosmetics, it is useful to spread and absorptive properties of natural light.

O. In pharmaceutical products, silica powder flow aids when the tablet is formed. Finally, it is used as a thermal enhancement compound in industripanas ground source pump.

Wui! H, there are many benefits to the industry and the needs of mankind. Then how benefits for local people ?.

Utilizing these resources, we also have to be able to preserve and not destroy the environment. So that the utilization of Natural Resources gave "Welfare For Residents Around And Non Destructive." Environmental damage caused by sand mining include changes in natural conditions, roads dangerous for motorists, especially schoolchildren and dangerous for pedestrians. Also the occurrence of damage to public buildings from the road to the bridge that must sustain the burden of daily tonnage. For nature also occur loss of soil fertility, landslides and changes in hydrology.