All about QMS

Defining Roles, Responsibilities, and Authority Procedure (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

2025-05-14T17:47:00.002+06:00

1. Purpose

The purpose of this procedure is to establish a structured system for defining and understanding roles, assigning responsibilities, ensuring accountability, and delegating authority. It also ensures the provision of essential resources for effective quality management. The procedure aims to confirm that personnel are appointed formally in writing and that each appointed individual performs their assigned activities and responsibilities in line with the organization’s Quality Management System (QMS), corporate policies, and legal requirements.

2. Scope

This procedure is applicable to any organization implementing or maintaining a QMS. All departments, branches, or affiliates are required to comply with the minimum legal requirements and, where possible, adhere to international standards and best practices.

3. Details of the Procedure

3.1 Assignment and Communication of Roles

Top management must ensure that responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are clearly assigned and communicated across the organization. These responsibilities should include:

Ensuring conformity to QMS requirements.
Reporting on QMS performance and effectiveness.
Supporting continual improvement initiatives.

Responsibilities and authorities must be documented and maintained.

3.2 Key Examples of Assigned Responsibilities

These may include:

Reporting QMS performance to top management.
Communicating with regulatory bodies and public authorities.
Handling of hazardous waste manifests.
Submitting reports to regulatory bodies.

An effective QMS requires the full commitment and understanding of all employees regarding their responsibilities and authorities.

3.3 Structured Responsibility Assignments

This clause ensures each individual assigned to a role within the QMS understands their duties and who they report to. Job descriptions and project-specific role assignments should reflect these expectations. Clear communication and documentation are vital to the effectiveness of the system.

3.4 Role in QMS Evaluation

Organizations must establish clear roles for evaluating QMS performance. These include assessments of:

Quality policy effectiveness
Achievement of quality objectives
Compliance evaluations
Operational controls

3.5 Responsibilities and Accountability Levels

3.5.1 Top Management

Responsible for:

Formulating and monitoring quality policies and objectives
Providing financial, human, and technical resources
Ensuring personnel understand their QMS responsibilities
Supporting personnel in achieving QMS objectives
Enforcing and maintaining the QMS
Reviewing and ensuring achievement of QMS goals

3.5.2 Middle Management

Responsible for:

Managing resources (financial, human, technological) within their departments
Applying knowledge and technical skills
Supporting QMS implementation
Enforcing QMS requirements in their domain
Contributing to the achievement of organizational quality objectives

3.5.3 Management Representative (MR)

Responsible for:

Developing and maintaining QMS procedures and documentation
Ensuring resources are identified and provided
Reporting QMS performance to top management
Establishing standardized practices for compliance
Supporting formation and functioning of the QMS Committee
Conducting periodic audits for QMS effectiveness
Recommending improvements during management reviews

3.5.4 MR’s Review and Corrective Action Role

The MR also regularly reviews:

Audit results
Communication feedback
Compliance data

Based on the analysis, the MR initiates corrective and preventive actions and reports trends to top management for decision-making during review meetings.

3.5.5 All Other Employees

Responsible for:

Supporting management in achieving QMS goals
Following procedures and work instructions
Reporting non-conformances and participating in corrective actions

3.6 Job Descriptions

Each position in the organization must have a documented job description that outlines:

Key responsibilities
Required skills and competencies

The Human Resources Manager maintains an updated master list of all approved job descriptions. A copy is kept in each employee’s personal file.

3.7 Organizational Structure

The organization must develop and maintain an updated organizational chart (organogram) that shows:

Departmental structures
Appointed responsible persons in each area

The organogram should be displayed where necessary and reviewed annually or whenever significant changes in management occur.

This comprehensive approach ensures the QMS is not just a policy on paper but an integrated part of how the organization operates—from top management to every employee.

Procedure for Context of The Organizations (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

2025-05-14T17:19:00.001+06:00

Defining Strategic Direction in Quality Management System (QMS)

1. Purpose:

The purpose of this procedure is to define how the company’s Strategic Direction is developed by Top Management through the identification of interested parties, issues of concern, and the evaluation of risks and opportunities.

2. Scope:

This procedure applies to all the activities within the scope of the organization’s Quality Management System (QMS).

3. Responsibility:

The Management Representative (MR) and the Heads of all departments are responsible for the effective implementation of this procedure.

4. Details of the Procedure:

4.1 Context of the Organization
4.1.1. Understanding Organizational Context

This step involves developing an understanding of the organization's purpose, its management system, and relevant stakeholders. It helps define how the QMS is established and how it supports the business strategy.

The organization must identify and understand both external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and strategic direction. These issues must influence the organization's ability to achieve the intended results of the QMS.

The term “issue” includes:

Problems needing preventive action
Market-related and regulatory goals
Governance challenges
Performance expectations

This approach allows the organization to gain insight into factors that can positively or negatively impact operations and quality outcomes.

4.2 Understanding the Organization and Its Context

In the absence of previous activities, the organization uses tools like SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal) analyses to understand the industry landscape and its strategic positioning.

These tools help identify how internal strengths can be leveraged, weaknesses addressed, opportunities pursued, and threats mitigated in alignment with the QMS and business strategy.

4.3 Interested Parties
4.3.1. Identification of Interested Parties

Interested parties are stakeholders who:
Receive or use the organization’s products
Are affected by its operations
Have a significant interest in its success

Both internal (e.g., employees, owners) and external (e.g., customers, suppliers, regulatory bodies) stakeholders are listed in the List of Interested Parties, with reasons for inclusion.

4.3.2. Relevance to QMS Scope

The identification of a stakeholder does not automatically include them in the QMS scope. For example, labor unions may be identified, but unless they impact product quality or compliance, they do not require QMS-specific policies.

4.3.3. Change Management and Risk Thinking

When planning change, risk-based thinking helps:

Prevent rework, delay, or service failure
Enhance performance through reduction of errors and nonconformities
Maximize benefits from opportunities

4.4 Issues of Concern

4.4.1. Stakeholder-Related Issues

For each stakeholder, relevant concerns are documented in the List of External & Internal Issues. These concerns may be:

Direct (e.g., customers concerned about product quality)
Indirect (e.g., regulatory changes affecting operations)

4.4.2. Internal vs. External Issues

Issues can be:

Internal: Raised by internal stakeholders (e.g., employee satisfaction, internal service delays)
External: Raised by external stakeholders (e.g., market competition, regulatory pressure)

4.4.3. Examples of Internal Concerns

Workforce skills
Workflow interruptions
Productivity bottlenecks

4.4.4. Examples of External Concerns

Legal compliance
Supplier performance
Political instability
Economic shifts
Industry trends

4.4.5. Assigning Bias

Each issue is categorized by:

Risk
Opportunity
Mixed (both potential positive and negative outcomes)

This classification helps determine the approach for managing the issue.

4.5 Risk and Opportunity Management

4.5.1. Identification

Risks and opportunities are derived from the SWOT/PESTEL analysis and stakeholder issue list.

4.5.2. Documentation

Each identified risk and opportunity is logged in the Risk Register along with:

Associated process/department
Risk owner
Severity and likelihood ratings

4.5.3. Treatment Planning

Risks are managed by reducing their probability and impact.
Opportunities are managed by enhancing their likelihood and benefits.
Mixed issues are addressed by mitigating risks while pursuing benefits.

4.5.4. Advanced Risk Treatment

For high-risk concerns, FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis) may be used to analyze failure points and prioritize actions.

4.5.5. Managing Opportunities

Opportunities are tracked and promoted through entries in the Opportunities Register.

4.5.6. Cross-Reference

For deeper guidance, refer to the Procedure for Addressing Risks and Opportunities.

4.6 Strategic Direction

4.6.1. Development and Documentation

Top Management uses all inputs from the context, stakeholders, and risk analysis to establish the organization's Strategic Direction, which guides future goals and resource allocation.

This strategic direction is:

Aligned with the quality policy
Reviewed during Management Review Meetings
Documented in records according to the Procedure for Management Review and Evaluation

✅ Conclusion

This SOP provides a structured framework for aligning QMS implementation with strategic objectives by analyzing stakeholders, context, risks, and opportunities. It enables an organization to be proactive, agile, and responsive to change—ensuring long-term success and continual improvement.

Handheld Metal Detection Procedure for Garments | ©AllaboutQMS

2025-05-14T16:35:00.006+06:00

1. Purpose:

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the steps to ensure all finished garments are free from metallic contamination—such as broken needles, pins, or staples—through the use of a handheld metal detector. This process serves as a secondary verification method when required.

2. Scope:

This procedure applies to:

All finished garments during the final stages from Finishing to Packing.
In-line processes such as during needle breakage investigations in Knitting, Linking, or Sewing operations.

3. Equipment Required:

Calibrated Handheld Metal Detector (Ensure batteries are replaced every 3 months)
Calibration Test Card (for checking metal detector sensitivity)
Non-metallic Inspection Table (to prevent false signals during scanning)

4. Roles and Responsibilities:

Line/Block Supervisor: Responsible for promptly reporting any needle breakage or missing parts.
Metal Detector Operator: Operates and monitors the metal detection steps.
Product Safety Officer: Reviews the investigation process, maintains battery logs, and records all relevant detection data.

5. Procedure:

5.1. Primary Detection Process (Finishing to Packing)

All garments must be 100% scanned using a double-head metal detector machine.
If no alarm is triggered, the garments can proceed to packing.
If an alarm is triggered, proceed to the handheld detection steps described in section 5.3.

5.2. Needle Breakage During Knitting/Linking/Sewing

If a needle breaks and any part is missing:

Stop the sewing process immediately.
Tag and isolate the garment suspected of containing metal.
Scan the garment through the double-head metal detector.
If an alarm is triggered, continue with handheld detection (see 5.3).
Log the incident and corrective actions for traceability.

5.3. Handheld Metal Detection Procedure

Move the suspected garment to a non-metallic inspection table.
Thoroughly scan the garment with the handheld metal detector, paying close attention to:

Seams
Underarms
Pockets
Collars
Waistbands
Cuffs
Zippers
Any other suspect areas

If metal is detected:

Remove the metallic item.
Re-scan the garment using the main metal detector.
If the garment passes, record the event in the Metal Detector Recheck Record.

If metal is not found:

Place the garment in the secured Contaminated Reject Box.
Record details in the Metal Detector Reject Record.

6. Preventive Maintenance & Calibration:

Replace the handheld metal detector batteries every 3 months.
Perform routine checks with the calibration card to ensure consistent detector performance.

Note for Readers:
This SOP is shared as a learning resource for apparel industry professionals and quality teams who are working to enhance product safety in garment manufacturing. Always adapt SOPs to meet specific factory setups, customer requirements, and regulatory standards.

Yarn Count Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

2023-03-25T12:50:00.003+06:00

Yarn Count Calculator © Jobair Alam

Yarn Count Calculator

What is the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) | ©AllaboutQM

2022-04-06T15:53:00.004+06:00

What is the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL)?

The Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) is a quality control concept. It is the minimum level of faults acceptable in a sample of a manufactured product for the entire batch of the product to be accepted. If the number of faults is higher than the AQL, then the entire batch is rejected.

Sampling Process

The process of sampling requires that some preliminary parameters be fixed, including the AQL that would feed into the final decision about accepting or rejecting a batch of product. The parameters are:

1. Inspection Level

The three levels of inspection levels are normal, tightened, and reduced. Usually, the normal level is used to assess samples for faults. The level depends on the performance of the supplier. Consistently poor performance leads to tightened inspection, which is a stricter process. A good track record, on the other hand, leads to a reduced inspection level.

2. Acceptable Quality Level

The acceptable quality level is the number of allowable defects in a batch. The AQL is agreed upon between the buyer and the supplier based on the importance of the product. For example, the AQL for a batch of t-shirts can be 1 per 1,000, whereas, for a batch of mobile phone batteries, it is much lower, like 0.001 per 1,000 or 1 per 1,000,000 faults.

3. Sampling Method

A few sampling methods can be used to achieve quality assurance based on the level of sophistication and rigor required. The key methods are as follows:

Single sampling is the most common method. It only requires one sample of size n and the number of defaults c. Hence, it is also called (n,c)-sampling. If in the sample of n defaults are greater than c, the entire batch is rejected.

Double sampling is an extension of the single sampling method. In such a case, if the first sample is indecisive, then a second sample is taken to make the decision.

Sequential sampling is an elaborate method where each item from the sample is tested, and a decision to accept, reject, or continue testing is made after every item is tested.

The other methods are multiple sampling and skip lot sampling.

Connecting Acceptable Quality Level to Sampling

Before connecting all the dots, a few more concepts need to be understood. The concepts are:

Producer’s Risk

It is the probability that in an (n,c)-sample the number of defaults is greater than or equal to the AQL. Hence, it is the probability that the lot is rejected. It is typically denoted by the Greek letter α (alpha).

OC Curve

The Operating Characteristic Curve (OC Curve) plots the percent of defaults or AQL (x-axis) for a single or (n,c)-sample against the probability of accepting a batch (y-axis). The curve is illustrated below. As the curve shows, as the number of faults rises, the probability of acceptance falls rapidly.

For those with knowledge of statistics, the OC Curve shows a familiar shape – it is the survival function. Thus, the points on the curve can be thought of as the probability of a batch surviving (being accepted) given the percentage of defaults for a given sampling method.

The Connection

When designing a sampling process, a manufacturer or producer wants to minimize the probability of rejection – that is, they wish to minimize α as defined above. It is the same as maximizing (1-α) or the probability of acceptance for a given sampling method.

The producer chooses the AQL using the OC Curve in conjunction with their knowledge about other factors like the quality of machines and workers involved in the process, quality of raw materials, the quality demanded by customers, and any other factors that affect quality.

For example, assume the stated sampling method is a single sample (60, 4) with the size of 60 and a rejection level c equal to 4. If the producer sets their AQL to 5% (3 per 60), the probability of the sample being accepted is around 80%. At this stage, if the producer thinks it is too risky, they can make the necessary changes so that the AQL is 2% (1.2 per 60). It yields the probability of acceptance of about 99% based on the OC curve above.

The OC Curve can also be used to choose a sampling method. The producer can pick the sampling method that maximizes the probability of acceptance for a given AQL.

Let’s say a producer realizes there is no way they can reduce the number of defects below 5%. Now, if they were using the above (60, 4) sampling method, their probability of rejection would be 20%, as given by the OC curve, which is very high. To overcome the issue, they can use a different sampling method by plotting different curves and picking one that is acceptable to them as well as their customers. For example, in the figure below, the producers can negotiate using (80, 6) instead of (60, 4) to increase the probability of accepting to 90%.

AQL in Practice

The above examples discuss only one sampling method – the single sampling method. In practice, the computations would be more complex than the ones illustrated above. To make the task of implementing quality standards simpler, AQL charts are used.

The number of acceptable faults in a sample – depending on the batch size, inspection level, and the AQL – can be easily read off the charts. The chart provides thresholds for acceptance and rejection of a batch, which can be used to make the final decision.

Using AQL Charts

The AQL chart comprises two parts – the first one is the inspection level chart. It is used to choose the inspection level based on the batch size and the level of scrutiny that is required. For example, assume a batch of 5,000 shirts needs to be stitched, and the level of inspection is set at Normal II. The level of inspection, according to the prescribed table, is at the intersection of the batch size row and inspection level column. As shown in the table below, it is inspection level “L.”

The next step in the process is to determine the appropriate sample size, pick the AQL, and make a decision based on thresholds given by the chart. The thresholds are determined similarly at the intersection of inspection level row and AQL column.

Since the manufacturer is performing a normal inspection, we pick the normal table. Note there are different tables for tightened and reduced sampling. Assuming the AQL to be 4 per 1000 pieces, we get that the sample size should be 200 shirts. If there are 15 or more defective shirts, the manufacturer should reject the entire batch.

Strategic Business Plan - Risk Management | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-09-07T09:09:00.002+06:00

The management of risk provides rigout for all organizations in decision making at the various levels of management. Managing risks not only reduces uncertainties in business development for achieving the strategic objectives and effectively performing the operations, but also means they are prepared to manage and minimize the effects of accidents, disasters and faults in technical systems as well as response to and recovery from major disruptive risks.

− One origin of risk management was the insurance industry, but previously the engineering sciences were involved much more deeply in risk analysis and risk treatment with their involvement in aviation, space, nuclear and military industries. A variety of highly complex methodologies for risk assessment were created in order to improve system safety and functionality.

− Some of these tools have been in use since that time, especially fault- and event-trees, hazard analysis, failure mode and effects analysis and others. Safety aspects are still predominant, especially in the early application of risk management in respect of insurable losses such as, fire safety, work safety, product safety etc. Are still issues of concern.

− However, the earlier safety oriented risk management has today extended its application to enterprises and organizations as a part of a comprehensive management approach to maximize opportunities and minimize threats.

− The management of ris is not a “common sense methodology”, but a management philosophy and a management instrument that encourages the application of risk management process and methodologies to public and private organizations both large and small.

− Today's most vibrant industries and organizations understand that doing business in this dynamic marketplace demands highly trained managers, equipped to handle the challenges of an ever-changing, fast-paced, business environment. This has encouraged the development and expansion of the skills that are needed to survive the complexity and uncertainty which is faced in an increasingly competitive world.

− Effective management of risk should ensure survival, sustainability, continuity, stability and reliability for any organization. It is closely linked to business continuity management and to compliance management.

− Contemporary management of risk facilitates the knowledge needs of directors and top management of companies and government entities to ensure survival and sustainability in all activities concerning decision making on the management level.

− Just as the management of risk has reached these new levels of maturity, businesses have been confronted by demands for more accountable corporate governance. In order for corporate governance to be effective, it must be supported by a rigorous risk management process and a strong risk management framework within its management system. Risk management identifies the controls needed, while internal audits provide the assurance that they are being observed and are efficient.

− Corporate governance is the glue that holds an organization together in pursuit of its objectives, while risk management provides the resilience, and independent audit the assurance.

Procedure for Organizational Knowledge | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-09-04T12:28:00.006+06:00

Purpose:

This Organizational Knowledge procedure establishes & Maintain for the operational process to achieved conformity to Producing products of an Organization.

Scope:

The Top Management has responsible for directing the activities of this procedure. Where other functions have responsibility, they are so indicated.

Responsibility and Authority:

The Top Management has responsibility for directing the activities of this procedure. Where other functions have responsibility, they are so indicated.

Details of Procedure:

1. Phase of Organizational Knowledge Share: For the Sharing of organizational knowledge in the following four phases. The four phases that define the requirements for handling organizational knowledge include various focal and starting points that provide guidance for organizations:

a) Phase One: Establishing knowledge and competence goals at the start of the process, Organizations should for instance determine knowledge of customer expectations and requirements and of particular production and service-provision processes. Subsequently, they can plan how they can achieve the identified goals and objectives by means of training, learning on the job, or e-learning& Process Box Maintain.

b) Phase Two: The organizations should determine specific methods to exchange knowledge in-house and to maintain this knowledge. Possibilities include employees passing on their experience from completed projects or failures to their colleagues in the style of “lessons learned.” Employees leaving the company or refusing to share their experience and know-how represent a major risk of loss of knowledge. Organizations wishing to avoid these risks can collect and maintain the available know-how. Like as study the background of the company, Hand book handover to worker of officer.

c) Phase Three: The organization must evaluate new knowledge, such as that communicated in training, interview employees on their status of knowledge where appropriate, and identify opportunities for improvement. Another major challenge involves monitoring changes in the market or in technology and analyzing the extent to which they influence the knowledge that the organization requires. Once the organization identifies opportunities for improvement in certain areas, targeted measures should be taken.

d) Phase Four: Depending on the individual situation, companies may further enhance their relations with clients, suppliers, and service providers or improve their mechanisms for keeping their organizational knowledge secure. It may prove a good idea, for example, to renew the validity of functions critical for knowledge or to improve the protection of existing know-how by filing patents. In addition to continued in-house training, organizations can also use external sources including newsletters, specialist magazines, and memberships in associations, or important partnerships to expand their knowledge. By introducing the subject of organizational knowledge

2. This is operational process of achieve conformity of an Organization product:

3. Addressing Changing Needs & Trends: The Top Management of an Organization Having aware the change needs they consider Current Knowledge, necessary additional knowledge and required updates. The changes to Processes, Policy, Procedure, Culture, Behavior, and Documented Information that all are change usually characterize knowledge management, Top Management have to be committed to the share of changing knowledge of the Organization.

4. Organizational Knowledge Share to Achieve the Organizational Objectives: The Organization aligns Organizational knowledge with business objectives. Because of the Organizational knowledge efforts on a set of clear objectives is that most successful knowledge management. It should be considering of Individual and Organizational experiences Tacit & Explicit knowledge.

5. Individual explicit Experience knowledge: Experience: generally, length of service in the industry and positions held are good indicators of personal working experience that to a great extent manifest the richness of a personal knowledge. The Organization Specially take of experience level, work experience in different types of Sweaters working experience are important indicators of personal knowledge.

6. Organizational explicit Experience knowledge: Organization Consider to Technologies and Information Systems, Departmental Process, Intellectual property etc.

7. Organizational tacit Experience knowledge: Organization Consider to Culture, Image, External relationships etc.

8. Based on Organizational Knowledge: The Organization Share the Organizational knowledge from two source Internal Sources & External Sources.

a) Internal Sources are considering:

I. Intellectual property,

II. experience,

III. Lessons learned from failures and successful projects,

IV. Capturing and sharing undocumented knowledge and experience,

V. Results of improvements in processes,

VI. Products and services.

b) External sources are considering:

I. standards,

II. .Academia,

III. Conferences,

IV. Gathering knowledge from customers,

V. External Providers.

9. Related Documents: We are implement the procedure of Organizational Knowledge in our organization & its evaluate by this types of related documents as like Company Profile, Worker Hand Book, Training documents, Departmental Process.

Cutting Section Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-09-02T12:03:00.005+06:00

This procedure is develop to provide guidelines for the workers so that they have proper knowledge of working. SOP is written in a simplest way to ensure better understanding for all people who are involved directly or indirectly with that particular activities.

Fabrics Relaxation Procedure:

1. Spandex fabrics will be relaxed minimum 24 hour making unroll in cutting section.

2. Relaxation date and time must be recorded. After spreading, will relax 2 hours before cut.

Before Cutting Procedure:

1. Receive marker and quality check by cutting QC.

2. Fabric Spreading will be done based on Shade chart/Shade grouping provided by fabrics warehouse.

3. Spreading report will be made after spreading with related all necessary data.

Spreading Quality check point:

1. Table marking > Ends > Leaning > Tension > Narrow Goods > Remnants > Counts > Ply High > Marker Placing > Fabric Flaws

2. Highest lay for woven fabrics is length 14 meter and height 3 inch.

3. Lay chart should be maintaining roll wise.

4. Quality inspector will control quality inspection during fabrics lay.

5. Cutting spreader man will spread marker after finishing lay.

6. For stripe and check fabrics, alignment to be correct by using hook, thread.

7. Before cutting cutter man will attach clamp, Gum tap on the layer.

8. Shade chart will be hanged during lay.

9. Cutting Quality check points: -Miss cut –Rugged Cutting –Notches-Matching Plies and pattern check.

After Cutting Procedure:

1. Quality will check every bundle using hard pattern three different position of the bundle.

2. Numbering and bundling separation done by following spreading report and identify each bundle by style, Cutting number, Bundle number, size, Serial number, Shade number and Parts name.

3. 100% cut panel will be inspected

4. If any defective panel found, will be replaced from lay chart wise remnants by following shade and pattern grain line.

5. Light color bundle will bind with light color string; deep color bundle will bind with deep color string

6. Light color Fabrics will be covered by poly in rack or pallet.

7. Then all cut panels will be ready to delivery in sewing.

What is Accessories? What are the Differences between Trims and Accessories?

2021-05-25T17:23:00.003+06:00

A Fashion accessory is an item used to contribute, in a secondary manner, to the wearer's outfit, often used to complete an outfit and chosen to specifically complement the wearer's look. The term came into use in the 19th century.

Fashion accessories are decorative items that supplement one's garment, such as jewelry, gloves, handbags, hats, belts, scarves, watches, sunglasses, pins, stockings, bow ties, leg warmers, leggings, neckties, suspenders, and tights.

Fashion accessories add color, style and class to an outfit, and create a certain look, but they may also have practical functions. Handbags are for carrying small necessary items, hats protect the face from weather elements, Laptops provide mobile connectivity and are used to increase work power and gloves keep the hands warm.

Differences between Trims and Accessories:

Actually the Fabrication part of the garments is called Trims, like fusing thread care label etc. are the trims.

And the non-fabrication parts of the garments are called Accessory. And the zipper buttons studs poopers eyelets etc. are the accessories.

Trims and accessories are those materials that are used in a garment other than main fabric (shell fabric). Even lining materials (fabrics) fall under trims and accessories.

Trims: Materials used to ornament or enhance garments.

Accessories: Item that enhances the aesthetic appeal or function of a garment including belt, scarves or other objects.

Garments trims and accessories means all the items used in the garment except the main raw material (Fabric). There are hundreds of items used to manufacture the garments, which are used as trims and accessories.

A list of few important trims and accessories mentioned here below:

1. Sewing thread

2. Button, Snap button, Ring button, Shank button, Eyelet button, Rivet button

3. Eyelet washer, it is used inside the eyelet

4. Interlining, it is used in collar/ cuffs/ front placket and waist band etc.

5. Padding, it is used in padding jacket

6. Collar bone / stay, it is used inside the collar point

7. Zipper, to fasten garments.

8. Lace, it is used at the top or bottom of any garments

9. Shoulder tape, it is used inside at shoulder seam RMG

10. Woven tape/ twill tape, it is used at side seam of pant

11. Hook, it is used inside of waist band

12. Stopper, end of drawstring/zipper

13. Shoulder pad, inside of shoulder of ladies shirt

14. Drawstring, inside of waist band in trouser and bottom of jacket

15. String, inside of waist band of trouser

16. Velcro tap craves, inside of flaps and pocket for opening and closing

17. Lining, inside of RMG / fabric

18. Rip, used in neck/ bottom/sleeve/ collar

20. Brass pin, folding pinup

21. Al- pin, folding pinup

22. Boll pin, folding pin

23. Pearl pin, folding pinup

24. Tag pin, used for handing the hangtag and price tag

25. Plastic clip is used after following

26. Label, Elastic, Badge, Size finder

27. Tie clip, it is used at tie knot

28. Metal clip, it is used in P. P band for carton binding

29. Metal seal, it is used in P. P band for carton banding

30. Iron seal, it is used in P. P band for carton binding

31. Gum tape, for closing the carton

32. Scotch tape, for closing the poly bag or blister poly bag

33. Single butterfly, used for collar spread quality at neck button

34. Double butterfly, used for collar spread

Quality at neck button

35. Tie butterfly quality at collar spread

Quality at neck button

36. Tissue Paper, for inside of folding use

37. Tarpaulin paper, for inside of folding use

38. Collar stand/ collar insert. It is used for proper neck, saves it stay around the neck circumference

39. P.P band, for binding the carton

40. Back board, inside of shirt folding

41. Neck board, inside of collar and board

42. Poly bag

43. Master poly bag/ Blister poly bag, it contains GMTS.

44. Gift box, used for high cost shirt

45. Inner carton, for safety

46. Divider, for dividing the garment in carton

47. Hanger, to hang garments

48. Arrow sticker, identify the alter or defect

49. Price sticker shows price of the garment.

50. Barcode sticker, shows measure of garment

51. UPC label, outside of master carton or export carton etc.

Stitch Classification | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-04-16T11:42:00.004+06:00

ISO Standard 4915:1991 & British Standard 3870:1991

Introduction: Stitch is the fundamental element of sewing, which is done for joining different parts of garments whether hand or machine. A stitch is one kind of single turn or loop, creates by thread or yarn. When this loop or loops of one or more thread joined with each other, either interlacing, interloping, intra-looping then it called stitch.

In this post, I discussed the British Standards 3870:1991 & ISO Standards 4915:1991.

Garment Stitching:

Different types of stitch are used for different joining in a garment. All of these stitches are classified into 6 groups according to British standards 3870:1991. Those are;

1. Stitch class – 100 (Single thread chain stitch).

2. Stitch class – 200 (Hand stitch).

3. Stitch class – 300 (Lock stitch).

4. Stitch class – 400 (Multi-thread chain stitch).

5. Stitch class – 500 (Over-edge stitch).

6. Stitch class – 600 (Covering chain stitch).

But according to the group of stitch, we find 4 groups of stitch class, Lock stitch (300), Chain stitch (400), Over-edge stitch (500), Covering stitch (600). Stitch class 100 is used most in shirt and stitch class 200 used very less in the sewing process.

1. Stitch Class 100 (Single Thread Chain Stitch): The Single Thread chain stitch is created by a needle thread and distinguished by interlopes. A needle thread is passed over the fabric in this chain stitch forms a needle Loop, protected by the following loop that consists of the same thread.

Uses: Most widely used in blind sewing, stitching, button attachment, button-holing, temporary position of clothing elements, etc.

2. Stitch Class-200 (Hand Stitch): Stitch Class-200, which is called a hand-stitch made from a single thread, passes through the fabric on each side and secures the stitch by a single thread line that passes inside and outside the fabric.

Uses: In the Ready-Made Garments (RMG) market, this stitches category is very rare because they are very expensive to manufacture. Such types of stitches are used to stitch expensive clothing, jackets and sample garments.

3. Stitch class – 300 (Lock stitch): Stitch Class-300 is called lock stitch formed by interlacing two or more groups of threads. There, the threads of one group move through the cloth and are protected by the second group thread, where one group is called needle thread and another group is referred to as bobbin thread.

Uses: Used extensively as the pocket, collar, cuff, face joining or any type of topstitching in sewing and material attachment.

4. Stitch class – 400 (Multi-thread chain stitch): Stitch Class-400 is classified as a multi-thread stitch which consists of two or more thread groups. In this case, loops of one thread group are passed through the fabric and sealed with loops of another thread. Another group is known as needle thread and another class is known as a looper thread.

Uses: Used for joining heavy fabrics, side seam of trouser, etc. purposes.

5. Stitch class – 500 (Over-edge stitch): Stitches in this category are made with one or more threads (one needle thread and two or more looper threads) and at least one group of threads around the edge of the fabric avoid fraying, i.e. threads from the edge of the fabric cannot be produced. Sometimes Stitch is called over locked under this category, but it is really over edge.

Uses: The type stitch is used in the edge finishing of knitted textiles, where stitch extensible is important, as well as in sportswear.

6. Stitch class – 600 (Covering chain stitch): Class-600 is referred to as the chain cover stitch created using three thread classes. Here you can see threads from both sides of the two classes. The first type of thread is called a needle thread in class 600 (Covering Chain Stitch), the second group is referred to as a top thread for the cover and the third is named bottom thread for the cover.

Uses: This form of the stitch is used for underwear stitching, splicing, braiding, etc. It is also used to render cover, ornamental stitch and topstitching.

Now, see the ISO 4915:1991 standards sewing stitch classification:

Stitch Glossary
Stitch Code	Stitch Name	Machine Type	No of Needles & Threads	Uses
301	Lock Stitch	Single needle lock stitch M/C	1 Needle Thread & 1 Bobbin Thread	Top Stitch Assembly
302	Lock Stitch	Double needle lock stitch M/C	2 Needle Thread & 2 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch Assembly
304	Zig-Zag Lock stitch	Zig-Zag M/C	1 Needle Thread & 1 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch Assembly
401	Chain Stitch	Single needle chain stitch M/C	1 Needle Thread & 1 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch Assembly
402	Chain Stitch	Double needle chain stitch M/C	2 Needle Thread & 2 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch Assembly
406	Cover Stitch / Interlock	2 Needle & 3 Threads interlock M/C	2 Needle Thread & 1 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch of hem & Elastic binding
407	Cover Stitch / Interlock	3 Needle & 4 Threads interlock M/C	3 Needle Thread & 1 Bobbin thread	Top Stitch of hem & Elastic binding
504	over lock stitch	3 Threads over lock M/C	1 Needle threads & 2 lopper threads	Over stitching
514	over lock stitch	4 Threads over lock M/C	2 Needle threads & 2 lopper threads	Assembly
516	over lock stitch	5 threads overlook M/C	2 Needle threads 1 bottom thread 2 lopper threads	Assembly
602	Cover stitch / Interlock	2 Needle & 4 Threads cover stitch M/C	2 Needle threads 1 spreader thread 1 lopper threads	Top stitch of hem
605	Cover stitch / Interlock	3 Needle & 5 Threads cover stitch M/C	3 Needle threads 1 spreader thread 1 lopper threads	Top stitch of hem
607	Flat lock	Flat lock M/C	4 Needle threads 1 spreader thread 1 lopper threads	Assembly

Table - 1: ISO Standards 4915:1991 Stitch classification.

Sewing is the most important part of the garments manufacturing industry. There are lots of fashionable, stylish design garments manufacturing in the whole world, and that's why different types of stitching used in different garments sewing.

Manday Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-04-01T11:13:00.005+06:00

Online AQL Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

2021-04-01T09:54:00.057+06:00

AQL Calculator

AQL TABLE FORMAT

Online Land Converter | AllaboutQMS

2021-02-19T11:24:00.009+06:00

It is not easy to get area of a piece land as your expected unit of measurement always. There are many formulas of conversion method with traditional and modern units. That's why if you have opportunity to get it by a area converter that works like a calculator, I think you can use the following online converter available for any number of quantity of land in Bangladesh.

From

Others Land Area Conversion List
To Others Unit
5 Katha = 0.08264462809917356 Acre
5 Katha = 3.3445126766320756 Ayer
5 Katha = 0.25 Bigha
5 Katha = 80 Chotak
5 Katha = 8.264462809917354 Decimal
5 Katha = 2099.99999999475 Dhul
5 Katha = 300 Dondho
5 Katha = 4.166666666666667 Gonda
5 Katha = 0.033445126766320755 Hectare
5 Katha = 66.66666666666667 Kak
5 Katha = 0.20833333333333334 Kani
5 Katha = 5 Katha
5 Katha = 50 Kontho
5 Katha = 16.666666666666668 Kora
5 Katha = 49.586776859504134 Kranti
5 Katha = 826.4462809917355 Ojutangsho
5 Katha = 63000.000003149995 Renu
5 Katha = 8.264462809917354 Satak
5 Katha = 8.264462809917354 Shotangsho
5 Katha = 0.8264462809917356 Square Chain
5 Katha = 3600 Square Feet
5 Katha = 1600 Square Hat
5 Katha = 518400.3317762124 Square Inchi
5 Katha = 8264.462809917355 Square Link
5 Katha = 334.4512676632076 Square Meter
5 Katha = 400 Square Yard
5 Katha = 991.7355371900827 Til

How to use: There are two option boxes, one is source unit and another is target unit associated with their quantity. Just change any of the boxes will give you the desired result. It is very easy to use for anyone. Suppose 1 katha = 720 sq ft, then 5 katha = 3600 sq ft by the incremental change of quantity.

Please comments for any confusion of results in conversion.

QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT (QAD) | ©AllaboutQMS

2020-11-17T16:06:00.001+06:00

উদ্দেশ্য ও সুবিধাঃ

পণ্য উৎপাদনের প্রত্যেকটি স্তরে ত্রুটি সনাক্ত করে তা সমাধানের মাধ্যমে ত্রুটিমুক্ত ও গুণগত মান সম্পন্ন পণ্য উৎপাদন করে ক্রেতার সন্তুষ্টি অর্জন অত্যান্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, ত্রুটি সনাক্ত করার পাশাপাশি গুণগত মান নিশ্চিত করার জন্য কোয়ালিটি ম্যানেজমেন্ট সিস্টেম/কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- উৎপাদনকারী প্রতিষ্ঠানের জন্য ISO 9001:2015 এর নীতিমালা ও অবকাঠামো অনুযায়ী আবশ্যক। তাই ফ্যাক্টরির উৎপাদনের কার্যক্রমে ত্রুটিমুক্ত এবং গুণগত মান সম্পন্ন পণ্য উৎপাদন নিশ্চিত করার জন্য উৎপাদন ব্যবস্থাপনায় কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট অন্তর্ভূক্ত করেছে। যা ক্রেতার চাহিদা মোতাবেক সর্বোচ্চ গুণগত মান সম্পন্ন পণ্য উৎপাদনের জন্য প্রতিষ্ঠানের স্বদিচ্ছার বহিঃপ্রকাশ।

দায়বদ্ধতাঃ

কিউ.এ- ডিপার্টমেন্টের সকল কার্যক্রম মূল্যায়ন, পরিকল্পনা, বাস্তবায়ন ও বজায় রাখার জন্য যথাক্রমে দায়বদ্ধ থাকবেনঃ

ব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচালক /মালিক।
বিভাগীয় প্রধান – কোয়ালিটি বিভাগ।
কোয়ালিটি ইনচার্জগণ – সকল ফ্যাক্টরি।
কোয়ালিটি এক্সিকিউটিভ/জি,পি,কিউ টিম - বায়ার অনুযায়ী।
কোয়ালিটি ডিপার্টমেন্ট- এর সকল সদস্যগণ।

কর্মপদ্ধতিঃ

কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- সম্পূর্ণ স্বাধীন ও স্বতন্ত্র ভাবে কাজ করবে এবং এই ডিপার্টমেন্ট-এর সুনির্দিষ্ট পলিসি থাকবে।
উৎপাদনের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত সকলেই কোয়ালিটি পলিসি সম্পর্কে জ্ঞাত থাকতে হবে এবং এই পলিসি বাস্তবায়নের জন্য কোয়ালিটি ম্যানুয়াল থাকতে হবে, উক্ত ম্যানুয়ালে “কোয়ালিটি ম্যানেজমেন্ট সিস্টেম”-এর সকল নিয়মাবলী থাকবে এবং কোয়ালিটি টিম সেই অনুযায়ী কাজ করবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- উৎপাদনের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত প্রত্যেকটি প্রসেস/সেকশন- এর সকল কর্মী যেন নিজের দায়িত্ব সঠিক ভাবে বুঝে ও সহজ ভাবে কাজ করতে পারে সে জন্য প্রসেস ফলোও চার্ট তৈরি ও বাস্তবায়ন করবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- উৎপাদনের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত প্রত্যেকটি প্রসেস/সেকশন/কর্মী- এর আদর্শ কাজের পদ্ধতি/স্ট্যান্ডার্ড অপারেটিং প্রসেডিউর (SOP) প্রনয়ন ও বাস্তবায়ন করবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- উৎপাদনের প্রত্যেকটি স্তরে আলাদা আলাদা কিউ.আই/কিউ.সি/কোয়ালিটি ইনচার্জ/কিউ.এ.ই- ক্যাটাগরি ভিত্তিক টিম গঠন করার মাধ্যমে গুণগত মান সম্পন্ন উৎপাদন নিশ্চিত করবে।
প্রত্যেক বায়ার/ব্র্যান্ড-এর জন্য থাকবে সম্পুর্ণ স্বাধীন ও স্বতন্ত্র কোয়ালিটি এক্সিকিউটিভ টিম, যারা সরাসরি সর্বোচ্চ ব্যবস্থাপনা দ্বারা পরিচালিত হবে। তাদের দায়িত্ব সাইজ সেট/পি.পি মিটিং থেকে শুরু করে ফাইনাল ইন্সপেকশন পরবর্তী শীপ আউট পর্যন্ত থাকবে।
ডিফেক্ট/অল্টার সনাক্ত ও নিয়ন্ত্রণ করার জন্য কিউ.আই/কিউ.সি টিম এবং সঠিকভাবে প্রসেস সম্পন্ন করে গুণগত মান সম্পন্ন উৎপাদন হচ্ছে তা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য কিউ.সি/কিউ.এ টিম থাকবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- সম্পূর্ণ রূপে ক্রেতার চাহিদা ও প্রত্যাশা পূরণে সহায়তা করবে এবং উৎপাদনের প্রত্যেকটি স্তরে প্রয়োজনীয় সচেতনতা বৃদ্ধি নিশ্চিত করবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- সর্বোচ্চ গুণগত মান বজায় রেখে পণ্য উৎপাদন নিশ্চিত করার জন্য উৎপাদনকালীন ত্রুটি সনাক্ত করার সাথে সাথে সেকশন ওয়াইজ সমস্যা/ত্রুটি গুলো নিয়ে বিশ্লেষোণাত্নক রিপোর্ট তৈরি করে সেই অনুযায়ী সংশোধন ও প্রতিরোধমূলক প্রয়োজনীয় ব্যবস্থা গ্রহন করবে। কারণ, মান সম্পন্ন উৎপাদন প্রক্রিয়ার মাধ্যমে গ্রাহক ও উৎপাদকের মধ্যে বিশ্বস্ততা গড়ে উঠে যার কারনে উভয়ের মাঝে দীর্ঘমেয়াদি ব্যবসায়িক সম্পর্ক বৃদ্ধি পায়।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- পণ্য উৎপাদনের প্রাথমিক পর্যায়ে ত্রুটি সনাক্ত করে সমাধানের মাধ্যমে গুনগত মান ঠিক রেখে উৎপাদন বৃদ্ধির পাশাপাশি উৎপাদন ব্যয় কমিয়ে আনার জন্য সর্বদা সক্রিয় থাকবে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- উৎপাদনের সকল পর্যায়ে ব্যবহারিক প্রশিক্ষন অব্যহত রাখবে, যা উৎপাদনের সাথে সম্পৃক্ত সকলের দক্ষতা ও অভিজ্ঞতা বৃদ্ধি করে।
কিউ.এ ডিপার্টমেন্ট- ক্রেতার চাহিদা অনুযায়ী পণ্য উৎপাদন ও মান নিয়ন্ত্রণের বিভিন্ন স্তরে প্রয়োজনীয় রেকর্ড ও ডকুমেন্টেশন নিশ্চিত করে। যেমনঃ

Raw Materials / Accessories Inspection.
Size Set / P.P. Meeting.
Shrinkage Test / Domestic Wash Test.
Pilot Test Run.
Inline QC Check.
Traffic Light System.
100% Inspection At All Process.
Hourly AQL Audit.
Metal Detection.
Daily Inline Inspection.
Pre Final Inspection / Final Inspection.
Pull Test & Moisture Check.
100% Measurement Check.
Measurable Equipment Calibration Record.
Needle Control.
Broken Control.
Sharp Tools Control & Etc.

Production Process of Apparel Manufacturing | ©AllaboutQMS

2020-10-17T12:04:00.001+06:00

Garment Production Process

Apparel manufacturing process - common steps

Garment production is an organised activity consisting of sequential processes such as laying, marking, cutting, stitching, checking, finishing, pressing and packaging

Garment production is an organized activity consisting of sequential processes such as laying, marking, cutting, stitching, checking, finishing, pressing and packaging. This is a process of converting raw materials into finished products. It will be difficult to maintain the industry if production is not, up to the mark if the pre-production phase of preparation of material is not properly carried out.

Ready to wear apparel or garment manufacturing involves many processing steps, beginning with the idea or design concept and ending with a finished product. Apparel manufacturing process involves Product Design, Fabric Selection and Inspection, Pattern making, Grading, Marking, Spreading, Cutting, Bundling, Sewing, Pressing or Folding, Finishing and Detailing, Dyeing and Washing, QC etc.

Manufacturing steps

Receiving Fabrics
Garment factories receive fabric from overseas textile manufacturers in large bolts with cardboard or plastic centre tubes or in piles or bags. The fabric typically arrives in steel commercial shipping containers and is unloaded with a forklift. Garment factories often have a warehouse or dedicated area to store fabric between arrival and manufacturing.
Fabric Relaxing
“Relaxing” refers to the process that allows the material to relax and contract prior to being manufactured. This step is necessary because the material is continually under tension throughout the various stages of the textile manufacturing process, including weaving, dyeing, and other finishing processes. The relaxing process allows fabrics to shrink so that further shrinkage during customer use is minimized.
Garment manufacturers perform the relaxing process either manually or mechanically. Manual fabric relaxing typically entails loading the bolt of fabric on a spinner and manually feeding the material through a piece of equipment that relieves tension in the fabric as it is pulled through. Mechanical fabric relaxing performs this same process in an automated manner.
Many garment manufacturers will also integrate quality assurance into this process to ensure that the quality of the fabric meets customer standards. This step is performed by manually spot-checking each bolt of fabric using a backlit surface to identify manufacturing defects such as colour inconsistency or flaws in the material. Fabrics that fail to meet customer standards are returned to the textile manufacturer.
Spreading, Form Layout, and Cutting
After the fabric has been relaxed, it is transferred to the spreading and cutting area of the garment manufacturing facility. The fabric is first to cut into uniform plies and then spread either manually or using a computer-controlled system in preparation for the cutting process. The fabric is spread to:
- allow operators to identify fabric defects;
- control the tension and slack of the fabric during cutting; and
- ensure each ply is accurately aligned on top of the others.
The number of plies in each spread is dependent on the fabric type, spreading method, cutting equipment, and size of the garment order.
Next, garment forms—or patterns—are laid out on top of the spread, either manually or programmed into an automated cutting system. Lastly, the fabric is cut to the shape of the garment forms using either manually operated cutting equipment or a computerized cutting system.
Laying
Laying of paper pattern helps one to plan the placement of the pattern pieces in a tentative manner.
- Lay large pieces first and then fit in the smaller ones
- It is very economical in laying the pattern and cutting. Even a small amount of material saved in a single layer will help to bring about a large saving of money as hundred’s of layers of fabric will be laid and cut simultaneously.
- When laying, the length of the garment should be parallel to the selvedge of the material. Be sure the pattern is placed in the correct grain. Fabrics drape and fall better on the lengthwise grain and also last longer.
- Parts that have to be placed on the fold should be exactly on the edge of the fold.
- All laying should be done on the wrong side of the material.
- When laying the paper pattern, consider the design of the fabric. Care should be taken to see that the design runs in the same direction throughout the garment. All checks and strips should match the seams both lengthwise and across.60
Marking
This can be a manual or a computerized technique
- The marker planner uses full-size patterns and arranges them in an economical manner on marker paper.
- This is a specially printed paper having symbols on it which enable the marker planner to visually control the positioning of components according to specified grain lines.
- Markers produced on paper are fixed to fabric with pins, staples or on an adhesive paper which is heat sealed to the top layer of the fabric.
- Marker planning provides details of the spreads. In the cutting room, the fabric is laid manually or a spreading machine is used to arrange fabric inlays 100 (layers) and markers for the production, any in orders planned. Here planning is done also for fusible, linings, trims, pocketing etc.
- The supervisors of marker planner plan and allocates the cut orders to various operations to be carried out in the cutting room.
Cutting
This is the major operation of the cutting room when they spread and cut into garments. Of all the operations in the cutting room, this is the most decisive, because once the fabric has been cut, very little can be done to rectify serious defects.
- A first planning consideration is whether the totals arrived at in the cutting room are the same as those required to maintain full production in the sewing room and subsequently the planned delivery schedule. Any cloth problems created in the cutting room can affect the output in the sewing room. Assuming all components of fabric, design, and trims are acceptable and correctly planned and cut, the next stage is to extend the cutting room programme to the sewing room.
- All cutting operations are carried out by straight knife cutting machines.
Embroidery and Screen Printing
Embroidery and screen printing are two processes that occur only if directly specified by the customer; therefore, these processes are commonly subcontracted to off-site facilities. Embroidery is performed using automated equipment, often with many machines concurrently embroidering the same pattern on multiple garments. Each production line may include between 10 and 20 embroidery stations. Customers may request embroidery to put logos or other embellishments on garments.
Screen printing is the process of applying paint-based graphics to fabric using presses and textile dryers. Specifically, screen printing involves sweeping a rubber blade across a porous screen, transferring ink through a stencil and onto the fabric. The screen printed pieces of fabric are then dried to set the ink. This process may have varying levels of automation or may largely be completed at manually operated stations. Like embroidery, screen printing is wholly determined by the customer and may be requested to put logos or other graphics on garments or to print brand and size information in place of affixing tags.
Sewing
Stitching or sewing is done after the cut pieces are bundled according to size, colour and quantities determined by the sewing room.
Garments are sewn in an assembly line, with the garment becoming complete as it progresses down the sewing line. Sewing machine operators receive a bundle of cut fabric and repeatedly sew the same portion of the garment, passing that completed portion to the next operator. For example, the first operator may sew the collar to the body of the garment and the next operator may sew a sleeve to the body. Quality assurance is performed at the end of the sewing line to ensure that the garment has been properly assembled and that no manufacturing defects exist. When needed, the garment will be reworked or mended at designated sewing stations. This labor-intensive process progressively transforms pieces of fabric into designer garments.
- The central process in the manufacture of clothing is the joining together of components.
- Stitching is done as per the specification is given by the buyer.
- High power single needle or computerized sewing machines are used to complete the sewing operation. Fusing machines for fusing collar components, button, and buttonhole, sewing machines for sewing button and buttonholes are specifically employed.
Checking
It is realistic to assume that however well checking or quality control procedures operate within a factory there will always be a certain percentage of garments rejected for some reason or other. The best way to carry out quality checks is by
- Establishing a standard as a criterion for measuring quality achievement.
- Production results can be measured and compared to the planned quality standard.
- Corrective measures to be carried out if there are any deviations in the plans.
Ideally, any system should detect possible deviations before they occur through forecasting. Work produced with minus defects will produce quality products, enhance economy and productivity.
Spot Cleaning and Laundry
In addition to identifying manufacturing defects, employees tasked with performing quality assurance are also looking for cosmetic flaws, stains, or other spots on the garment that may have occurred during the cutting and sewing processes. Spots are often marked with a sticker and taken to a spot-cleaning area where the garment is cleaned using steam, hot water, or chemical stain removers.
Some customers request that a garment be fully laundered after it is sewn and assembled; therefore, garment factories often have on-site laundry or have subcontract agreements with off-site laundry operations. Commercial laundry facilities are equipped with at least three types of machines: washers, spinners, and dryers. Some facilities also have the capability to perform special treatments, such as stone- or acid-washing.
Laundering is done by highly sophisticated washing machines if any articles are soiled during the manufacturing process. However, this step is required only if the garments are soiled.
Fusing and Pressing
Fusing and pressing are two processes which have the greatest influence on the finished look of a garment. Fusing creates the foundation and pressing put the final seal of quality on the garment.
After a garment is fully sewn and assembled, it is transferred to the ironing section of the facility for final pressing. Each ironing station consists of an iron and an ironing platform. The irons are similar looking to residential models but have steam supplied by an on-site boiler. Workers control the steam with foot pedals and the steam is delivered via overhead hoses directly to the iron. In most facilities, the ironing platforms are equipped with a ventilation system that draws steam through the ironing table and exhausts it outside the factory.
The basic components of pressing are:
- Steam and heat are necessary to relax the fabric and make it pliable enough to be moulded by manipulation.
- Pressure: when the cloth has been relaxed by steam, the pressure is applied which sets the fibres into their new positions.
- Drying: After the application of steam and pressure, the component or garment must be dried and cooled so that cloth can revert to its normal condition. This is done by a vacuum action which removes surplus water from the fabric and at the same time cools it. For some pressure operations hot air or infrared heating is used instead of vacuum for drying;
Machinery used for pressing and finishing are
- Hand irons with a vacuum press table
- Scissors press
- Carousel machines
- Steam dolly
Packaging and Shipping
In the last steps of making a product retail-ready, garments are folded, tagged, sized, and packaged according to customer specifications. Also, garments may be placed in protective plastic bags, either manually or using an automated system, to ensure that the material stays clean and pressed during shipping. Lastly, garments are placed in cardboard boxes and shipped to client distribution centers to eventually be sold in retail stores.
Most garments are packed in plastic bags, either at the end of production or when they enter the finished goods store. Products like shirts and underwear's are usually bagged and boxed directly after final inspection and enter the stores in prepacked form. For these and similar types of products, many automatic machines are used.
Other hanging garments such as Jackets, dresses & skirts are usually bagged by manual machines, semi-automatic machines, and fully automatic machines. Some of these automatic machines bag, seal, and transport in trolley; some 500 garments per hour.
When the boxed or hanging garment has to be transported in bulk the garment or boxes are packed into cartons which can be sealed by adhesive paper or plastic Manual and automatic machines are available for both.

2020-10-17T11:50:00.001+06:00

Zippers are accessories attached to dresses, shoes, and bags, used as closures. Based on the application they are broadly categorized into Visible and Invisible Zippers.

Zippers use two sets of interlocking teeth called chain zippers, or coils called coil zippers, each connected to a strip of fabric tape. The teeth or coils are formed of metal, plastic, or synthetic material. A slider with a tab, which may be purely functional or serve a decorative function as well, is used to open and close the zipper. Besides the details of the mechanism, there are several other ways of categorizing zippers. Like categorization based on element or teeth material.

Types of Zippers based on Element/Teeth Material
There are 3 main categories of zippers which are based on 3 different types of materials as below:

Metal Zippers

Metal zipper is most basic original zipper first produced. The first zipper was made of metal around 1917 and 1920s. When slider slides up in a zipper the elements get tightly interlocked to keep zipper shut.

Metal zippers are divided into 2 groups, depending on the material used and the process of manufacture:

Teeth formed from a metal wire, either flat or profiled and made from brass, aluminium, nickel or white brass (nickel-free)

Teeth die-cast directly onto the tape, with zinc metal

Metal zippers are usually made in a variety of finishes, such as golden brass, antique brass, antique silver, gunmetal, silver etc. These finishes are achieved by chemical treatment of the zipper chain and matching plating of the sliders and end stops.

Generally, metal zippers are available in various finishes, but most commonly used zipper finishes are as below:

Aluminium: Elements are constructed using aluminium

Brass: Elements are constructed using a brass alloy, typically a combination of copper and zinc

Antique Brass: Elements made from brass that is chemically treated to give a worn-out brass appearance

Black Oxidized: Elements are made from brass that is chemically treated to a black matte finish

Moulded Plastic Zippers

These plastic zippers have individually injected moulded teeth, fused directly on to the tape of the zipper. The High-performance resins used to manufacture moulded plastic elements are incredibly strong and make zippers that are durable, strong and flexible. These zippers are ideal for outerwear and heavyweight garments or any outdoor application.

Plastic zippers are divided into 5 groups:
LFC or L-type zippers made with meander/Ruhrmann type coil stitched around the edge of the carrier tape.
CFC zippers made with a spiral coil, stitched on one side of the carrier tape.
Woven-in coil zippers, in which the coil is formed and directly woven into the carrier tape on special looms.
Plastic moulded zippers, in which the teeth/elements made from polyacetal (commonly known as Delrin‚ ) are directly moulded onto the carrier tape.
Plastic extruded zippers, in which a string of teeth/elements is first extruded and then stitched onto the carrier tape.

Invisible Zippers

The main categories of zippers, as described above, also include speciality zippers, which have special types of construction, or parts, or finishes. CFC zippers have a special class known as Invisible zippers due to the special construction and mode of use. These zippers do not require the provision of a fly since they are made and stitched in such a manner that only a hairline seam is visible from outside. These zips are predominantly used in ladies dresses and skirts. These zippers are available in knitted and woven tapes.

Coil Zippers

Coil zippers are made from a continuous coil of monofilament in place of individual teeth. Coil zippers are often referred to as nylon zippers. The teeth of these zippers are extruded nylon strip sewn onto the zipper tape. These zippers are very flexible and are available in a variety of sizes (gauges). Coil zippers have many applications from fashion-wear to all types of tents and canvas goods and bags.

Types of Zippers based on Functionality

Zippers are always measured from “component to component” (end stops), regardless of zipper style.

Closed-end zippers

Closed-end zippers are non-separating and are normally opened and closed with a slider. The bottom stop is made up of a single part and doesn’t allow complete separation of the chain. These zippers are used on trousers, jeans, bags, boots, etc.

Open-end (separating) zippers

Open-end (separating) zippers have separated ends. The ending part is joined by a box and pin mechanism provided on the lower end of the zipper. The zippers are closed using sliders and are normally used on jackets and other outerwear.

Two-way Zippers

These zippers are made usually in #5 or larger sizes in CFC, plastic moulded and metal. The major applications are outerwear and luggage. These are made in X-type or Otype.

Two-way separating zippers have separated ends as well. The bottom slider allows movement from the bottom of the zipper. These zippers are used in rainwear, sportswear, and sleeping bag.

Two-Way head to head zippers has two sliders at the centre of the chain when the zippers are closed. Head to head zippers can be open-end by pulling the sliders towards the stops, but cannot be separated because the ending parts have two stops that cannot be divided. These zippers are mainly used for bags, backpacks, and luggage.

Two-way tail to tail (back to back) zippers has sliders on opposite ends when the zipper is closed. These zippers can be opened by pulling the sliders towards each other, but cannot be separated. They are used for overalls and anything else.
Length Tolerance in Zippers

Generally, zippers can vary when bulk is received due to various factors. Based on JIS-S3015 following tolerance is acceptable in zipper lengths.

Zipper lengthAcceptable tolerance

<30cm (12″) +/-5mm (0.2″)
>= 30cm (12″) or < 60cm (24″) +/- 10mm (0.4″)
>= 60cm (24″) or < 120cm (47″) +/- 15mm (0.6″)
>= 120cm (47″) +/- 2% of the total dimension of zipper

2020-10-17T11:12:00.008+06:00

Garments Samples:

The buyer also requires different types of samples after placing an order. In production, stage exporter needs to submit a few more samples to the buyer at different stages as per the need. A sampling includes details like a style code or a reference number, color specifications, kind of fabric and its composition and details of embroidery, buttons, zippers or any other sort of accessories used. Hence it can be said that samples of garments work as a bridge between buyers and the exporter. Special care should be taken while making samples. Broadly garment samples are categorized as follows.

Proto sample
Fit sample
Size set sample
Pre-production sample
Production sample
Shipment sample
Salesman sample
Photo shoot sample
Garments Sample Room

1.Proto Sample:

It is also known as a proto – type sample. Proto samples are made after receiving the order sheets from the buyer. This is the first sample developed by a designer or as per the artwork in the product development stage. The design and style of a sample are communicated and the fit, color and fabric details are not being considered.

2. Fit Sample:

Once the proto samples are approved, fit samples are developed. The fit sample is made with actual measurement based on the original product and specification sheets given by the buyer. FIT samples are considered as a very important factor in sample development. The fit sample is being inspected on a live model or a dress form to verify the fit and feel of the garment.

3. Size Set Sample:

Once the proto sample and fit sample are approved, based on the pattern of the approved sample the grading for the other sizes are done and then patterns for the other sizes will be made. Size-set samples are sent to the buyer once the fitting is approved in S-small, M-medium, L- large, XL-extra-large and other sizes as per the requirement. Size set samples are made to check the fit and workmanship of each size. Mass cutting of mass production begins only after the final approval of size set samples.

Different size format for garments

4. Pre-Production Sample:

The exporter manufacturers pre-production sample with the actual fabric, trims, and accessories once all the above samples are approved by the buyer. It is also called as a pilot run sample. PILOT RUN is a trial run, which should be developed before starting the bulk production. After a final approval is received from the pre-production sample the actual production can proceed.

5. Production Sample:

Once production is going on a few sample garments are taken in the middle of the production. The purpose to send the production sample to the buyer when production is online being to inspect that the garments are being manufactured as per the approval and decided specifications. This sample is also termed as GOLD SEAL SAMPLE by some buyers. without gold seal sample approval, the shipment or final inspection cannot be done.

6. Shipment Sample:

This sample is required by the buyer after the final inspection is passed. Shipment samples are sent to the buyer when the finished and packed garments are ready to be shipped. These samples are sent in case when the garments are directly delivered from the warehouse of the buyer, to view the final product and its packing. But some buyers will insist the exporter send the shipment sample first and after approval of the same shipment, the exporter can deliver the final shipment.

Ready for garments shipment

7. Salesman Sample:

These samples are made to put on a display in the retail stores or showrooms. It is also called as PROMOTIONAL SAMPLE. It gets developed by the exporter on the buyer’s demand to procure orders from the local retailers. These kinds of buyers are known as WHOLESALE BUYERS because of the import the goods and sell it to other retail stores through their salesman. Buyer pays for these samples to the exporter.

8. Photo Shoot Sample:

This sample is required by the buyers who are having their own retail chain stores throughout the country. These buyers regularly make a catalogue of their products. They are normally known as CATLAOUGE BUYERS. This catalogue will have all the details about the product like season style, style no, price range and also will carry the photos of the models who wear those garments for the shoot.

Photo Shoot Sample

Most Common Buyer Samples in Garments:

Above all samples are the main types of samples which every exporter deals with to get the order confirmed by the buyer. There some samples which are made by the exporter maintain the record of the company and to get the orders from the different buyers. Here I am adding four samples with eight samples. So, the most common buyer samples are as follows-

Offer Sample
Fabric Sample
Accessories Sample
Document Sample

1. Offer Sample:

This sample is offered by the exporter to the buyer to get the order which is developed newly by the in house designer as per the season or as per the requirement.

2. Fabric Sample:

Some buyers may require some fabric samples to check the look of the design and feel of the finished garment in the different fabric. Sometimes buyers may require the final fabric sample to check its hand feels and look etc.

Fabric Samples

3. Accessories Sample:

Generally, all the accessories will be arranged on a card /sheet. This card is termed as the trim card. The accessories both the packing and production should be there on the card to show the buyers.

4. Document Sample:

Sometimes the document format may vary from country to country and buyer to buyer, so for that reason, the Performa invoice and some other required documents are prepared and kept in the documentation department for the future use.

2020-10-17T10:58:00.002+06:00

How To Calculate Button Size By Ligne

The modern buttons as a fastening system we know today were introduced in the 13th century, far before the invention of the standardized metric system in the 1700s.

How did garment makers back then measure button sizes? The answer is button ligne, which is the topic of our discussion today. Button ligne as a measurement system for button size is still retained today. So understanding it will be very important for garment manufacturers and merchandisers.

Let us begin by discussing a brief history of the ligne itself.

What is Button Ligne
Ligne is a French word meaning “line”, and button ligne as a measurement system for button size was first used by German button manufacturers in the 9th century, although it finally became the standard measurement much later by the 18th century.

Ligne is expressed as “L”. If you ever encounter 10L in a button, that means 10 ligne, an equal of 1/4 inch in diameter.

How to Calculate Button Ligne
While measuring ligne unit might not be familiar to the most of us, we are all familiar with the modern metric system in meter or inch. To calculate button ligne, all we need to do is to convert it into millimeters or inches.

As the standard, 40 ligne or 40L equals 1 inch or 25 milimiters. So 1L equals 0.635mm. To calculate button size in ligne, simply divide the diameter of the button (in millimeters) by 0.635.

Button Ligne= button diameter (mm)/0.635

For example, if your button diameter is 18mm, the calculation becomes:
Ligne=18/0.635
=28.34

Rounded down, the button ligne is 28L

The table below lists the various common conversion between ligne and inch/millimeter.

Standard Button Size Measurement Chart

Ligne	MM	INCH
12	7.5	5/16
13	8	5/16
14	9	11/32
15	9.5	3/8
16	10	13/32
17	10.5	7/16
18	11.5	15/32
20	12.5	1/2
22	14	9/16
24	15	5/8
26	16	21/32
28	18	23/32
30	19	3/4
32	20	13/16
34	21.5	27/32
36	23	7/8
38	24	15/16
40	25	1
42	26	1-1/25
44	28	1-3/32
45	30	1-3/16
48	30	1-3/16
54	34	1-5/16
60	38	1-1/2
64	40	1-9/16

Remarks: Please refer to the image below for the correct measurement of button/buckle diameter.

End Words
While button ligne might sound complicated at first, calculating it is actually fairly simple. Understanding the ligne measurement system is very important in the garment industry, as the wrong button size can lead to faulty products.

By following the calculation we have shared above, you can easily convert any button diameter from inch or millimeter into ligne.

2020-10-17T10:48:00.002+06:00

10 different types of Buttons used in Sewing

“Moms are like Buttons – they hold everything together”, says a quote. So true about buttons. The jury is still out on some moms!

A button is the most popular of all fasteners (a zipper may disagree). It is usually a small round disc, that secures an opening in garments, accessories and home decor. It is typically made of plastic but other materials are not uncommon. Other than functionality buttons are great as embellishment as well.

Button history

People in the Indus valley civilization used buttons on their clothing and you know how old they are (think 3300 BC). Since then, all through history, the rich wore clothes with buttons but the poor could not afford them – buttons were made of bronze, horn, shell, and other costly materials. Now rich and poor fasten their clothes with the same plastic and other easily available, very inexpensive buttons. Hail mass production.

Different types of buttons

Plastic Buttons

These are small plastic discs with four holes, made of Polyamide or Polyacrylonitrile.

Shirt Buttons – On most button-up shirts there will be 8 such plastic buttons, out of which one is fastened on the back of the packet as a spare. For button-down shirts, there will be two smaller buttons fastening the collar edges down.

Coat Buttons are plastic buttons which are bigger in size than the shirt buttons

Metal Buttons

These are the sturdy buttons used on jeans and on leather garments. Jeans buttons and cuff links are metal buttons which are widely used. Check out this post on sewing a jeans button.

Shank buttons

These buttons have a projection on the back of the button instead of the front holes in normal buttons.

Wooden Buttons

Buttons made of wood – not quite often used but they have a charm of their own. They are mostly decorative.

Fabric Buttons

Buttons made with cloth or yarn. These are easy to make and are used as a decoration as well as a fastener. You can check out the posts on making the fabric buttons here and the Chinese frog fasteners

Cloth Covered Buttons made with kits

Imagine you want buttons in the same cloth as the dress you are making. Cloth button covering kits to your rescue. Just pass the buttons through the kit along with your fabric and you have neatly tucked fabric covered buttons.

Toggle button

Press Buttons / Snap Buttons

Press buttons or press studs or snap buttons are very easy to use button fasteners and are usually used on kids’ clothes and bibs and back of adult garments. No fumbling with buttons to pry them out of the buttonholes.

These are sew-on-buttons but when you want to attach it to thick fabric or leather or vinyl you may need to buy a special tool for a no-sew option – you can search for snap setter hand plier on Amazon to buy these setting tools. These snaps are used on outdoor garments and furniture made of vinyl /plastic-like raincoats, lawn furniture, and pool covers.

They are made of brass and are nickel-plated or plastic which is painted. These snap studs come usually in a silver colour. But you also get them in all other colours which are usually painted. The buttons consist of two parts – a female part and a male part, which come together to snap and form your fastener.

You need to ensure that the buttons snap on securely. But when they are very secure and too tight it may be a problem as well, as it will be difficult to get it open. Well, you can’t win everything. More on attaching snap buttons here.

Decorative buttons

These include buttons made with special materials like beads, crystals, Pearls, lac, coconut shells, sea shells, wax, horns of different animals (Ivory) or buttons with interesting shapes. They may be functional but they sure are decorative

Shell Buttons

You can buy iridescent real shell buttons (from mother of pearl and abalone). They are very rare. These buttons are made of shells of shellfish which are hand carved or laser cut and painted and hand grilled for the holes.

Different sized and holed buttons

Ligne is the standard measure for buttons. One ligne is equal to 0.635 mm or 0.025 inch and it indicates the diameter of a button. Buttons vary greatly according to the ligne. Professionals refer to buttons as 12L (Ligne) 14L etc. On shirts usually a 16 Ligne or higher button is used, On sleeves a 15 Ligne button and for button down shirts 12 ligne button on the collars. On pants the button is 24L.

Different holed buttons

This refers to the holes in the buttons. Most buttons have 4 holes but some come with 2 holes.

2020-10-15T16:09:00.003+06:00

Garments Inspection Table Measurement

Garments Cutting Table Measurement

Garments Ironing Table Measurement

Parameters	Cutting Table	Sorting Table	Checking Table	Ironing Table
Length	Variable depending upon the size of the room and the length of the lay	180 cm (6 Ft.)	180 cm (6 Ft.)	120 cm (4 Ft.)
Width	120 cm (4 Ft.) the maximum width of fabric	120 cm (4 Ft.)	120 cm (4 Ft.)	90 cm (3 Ft.) the maximum reach of the worker
Height for Men	117.3 cm	112.3 cm	117.3 cm	102.3 cm
Height for Women	108.3 cm	103.9 cm	108.9 cm	93 cm

2020-10-09T09:40:00.005+06:00

Password: allaboutqms

2020-08-25T18:29:00.002+06:00

ডাইং ফিনিশিং এ ব্যাবহার করা ক্যামিকেল এর নাম এবং ব্যাবহার নিম্নরূপ :

১. সোডা :
কালার ফিক্সং করে কোভেলেন্ট বন্ড তৈরি করে & তাছাড়া PH কন্ট্রোল , ফেব্রিকের এবজরবেন্সি বাড়ানোর জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২.পার-অক্সাইড :
ফেব্রিকের মধ্যে থাকা ন্যাচারাল গ্রে কালার রিমুভ করতে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

৩.স্টেবিলাইজার :
পার-অক্সাডের রিয়েকশন স্টেবল করার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়। এটি ব্যাবহার না করললে পার অক্সাইড খুব দ্রুত ভেংগে পার হাইড্রো অক্সিল আয়ন গুলি শেষ করে ফেলবে যা ব্লিচিং এর জন্য দায়ী।

৪.ডিটারজেন্ট :
ওয়েটিং অথবা ক্লিনিং এজেন্ট হিসাবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।

৫.এন্টিক্রিজিং এজেন্ট:
নিটিং এর পর & ওয়েট প্রসেসিং এর সময় ফেব্রিকে ভাজ অথবা ক্রিজ পরে ফলে সেড আন-ইভেন আসতে পারে ডাইং এর সময়। তাই তা দুর করতে এক ধরনের ক্রিজ রিমুভার ব্যবহার করা হয় যেন ক্রিজ না পরে। এটি লুব্রিকেশন টাইপ এর ক্যামিকেল।

৬.সিকুস্টারিং এজেন্ট:
পানির মধ্যে থাকা মেটাল আয়ন, হার্ডনেস রিমুভ করতে & পানিকে সফট করতে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

৭.ওয়েটিং এজেন্ট :
সারফেস টেনশন দুর করে ফেব্রিকের ভিজানোর ক্ষমতা বাড়ানোর জন্য ব্যবহাত করা হয়। এটি ওয়েটিং প্রপার্টি ইম্প্রুভ করে।

৮. রিডাকশন এজেন্ট:
ফেব্রিকের সারফেসে লেগে থাকা এক্সট্রা ডাইস দুর করার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

৯.সোপিং এজেন্ট:
অতিরিক্ত কালার দুর করার জন্য ফেব্রিক ওয়াস করার সময় ব্যবহার করা হয়।এটি লিকুইড সোপ।

১০.এনজাইম :
ফেব্রিকের হেয়ারিনেস দুর করতে সফট করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়। এনজাইম পিলিং দুর করে।

১১.এন্টিফোমিং এজেন্ট:
ডাই বাথে যেন ফোম ক্রিয়েট না হয় তা দুর করতে ব্যবহার করা হয় । লিকারে যেনো ফোম না হয় এর জন্য এই ক্যামিকেল ব্যাবহার হয়।

১২.সফটনার :
ফেব্রিকের সারফেস লাসচার বাড়াতে এবং ফেব্রিক সফট করতে সাধারনত এটি ব্যাবহার করা হয়। এটি ফেব্রিক এর হেন্ডফিল এবং সুইয়িবিলিটি বাড়ায়।

১৩.হইড্রোজ :
ফেব্রিকের গা থেকে কালার তুলতে ব্যবাহার করা স্ট্রিপিং এর সময়। একে রিডিউসিং এজেন্ট বলে।

১৪.লেভেলিং এজেন্ট:
ফেব্রিকের মধ্যে সম-ভাবে ডাইস কেমিক্যাল সমানভাবে যেন ডিস্ট্রিবিউশন হয় তার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়। একে ডাই রিটেন্ডারিং এজেন্ট বলে।

১৫.লবন:
ইলেকট্রো লাইট অর্থাৎ ফেব্রিকের সারফেসে , ডাই-বাথ থেকে ডাইজ আনতে হেল্প করে । চার্জ নিউট্রাল করে।

১৬.ফিক্সিং এজেন্ট:
কালার ফিক্স করার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়।

১৭.O.B.A:
অপটিক্যাল ব্রাইটেনার ফেব্রিকের ব্রাইটনেস, হোয়াইটনেস বাড়াতে ব্যবহার করা হয়।

১৮.হাইড্রোজ রিমুভার:
হাইড্রোসের কর্মক্ষতা দুর্বল করতে & দুর করতে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

১৯.এসিটিক এসিড:
ফেব্রিককে নিউট্রাল করতে, বেসিক কন্ডিশন দুর করতে & PH কন্ট্রোল করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়। এটি টেক্সটাইল এ সর্বাধিক ব্যাবহৃত এসিড

২০.ডিস্পারসিং এজেন্ট:
পলিএস্টার ফেব্রিকে ডাইজ যেন সমভাবে প্রবেশ করে তার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয় । এটি পলিস্টার এর লেভেলিং ও বলা যায়।

২১.সোডিয়াম এসিটেট:
পলিস্টার ডাইং এর সময় PH যেন স্টেবল অথবা কন্ট্রোল থাকে তার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়। একে বাফারিং এজেন্ট ও বলে।

২২.অয়েল রিমুভার:
ফেব্রিকের গায়ে থাকা অয়েল মার্ক দুর করার জন্য ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২৩.লুবরিকেন্ট:
টেক্সটাইল ম্যাটেরিয়াল এর ভেতরের স্টেটিক ইলেক্ট্রিসিটি দুর করার জন্য লুবরিকেন্ট ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২৪.প্রোটনিক ক্যামিকেল :
ফেব্রিকের লাইন মার্ক দুর করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়।

২৫.বায়ো-স্কাওরিং ক্যামিকেল :
মাল্টিপারপাস ট্রেটমেন্ট এর উদ্দেশে ব্যবহার করা হয় বিশেষ করে স্কাওরিং, ব্লিচিং, এনজাইম একসাথে।

২৬ এপ্রিটন:
এটি ক্যালসিয়াম অক্সাইড জাতীয় ক্যামিকেল, এটি কাপড় কে হার্ড করে।

২৭ PVA গাম:
পলি ভইনাইল এলকোহল এটি একটি পলিমার , এটি ফেব্রিক কে হার্ড করে।

২৮. এলজিনেট গাম :
এটি ন্যাচারাল গাম, যা লিকার সলিউশন এর ভিসকোসিটি বাড়াতে সাহায্য করে।

2020-08-25T18:18:00.009+06:00

On Line Checking SOP (Knitting)

1. Check Material plan.

2. Check Yarn test Report.

3. Check Pre-production sample (Trail Batch) Report.

4. Check Machine DIA and GAGE, Number of Needle.

5. Check Yarn Count, Yarn Brand, Yarn Lot.

6. Check Stitch Length, CPI, WPI.

7. Check Grey DIA, Grey GSM.

8. Check the program which hanged in the Machine and the fabric is knitting as per program.

9. For Yarn dyed must Shade match With Swatch, Dye LOT, Course per stripe as Swatch. Repeat and Machine should be fully covered. He must arrange to Finished some qty to ensure every option.

10. For ORGANIC Fabric must ensure the yarn cone (Green sticker at the bottom end with supplier’s name and count, Yarn Lot.

11. Must Ensure Knitting Machine should be separate with other Machines or fully covered.

12. He will ensure each and every yarn cones are same Brand, count and Lot. No mixed is allowed.

13. He will check the Yarn tension, fabric tension, yarn scroll same qty, and every pulleys are freely rotation in the right way.

14. He will ensure no any Marks which could be remain after Dyeing finishing.

15. Every Shift he must check at least 03(Three) times per machine.

16. For remove the defect he informed to the respective operator and management people.

17. He will fulfil the Report sheet with ball pen and preserve it no less than three months.

18. He will make a defect data sheet included the Name of the operators with shift in charge.

19. He will randomly check through inspection machine, One roll of each machines from okay goods checked by Quality inspectors.

2020-08-25T17:53:00.001+06:00

ওভেন ফেব্রিক টেস্ট রিকয়ারমেন্টঃ

১. ফাইবার কন্টেন্টঃ
Sample: র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : [ ISO 5088 1976/1977 , ISO 1833 1977 ]
Test Requirement : +/-3%

২. ওয়েট কন্ট্রোলঃ
Sample: র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : ISO 3801
Testing Requirement : +/-5%

৩. এপিয়ারেন্স আফটার

1-3 wash -

Sample -

Internal Method -

Color Change > 4

৪. ডাইমেনশনাল স্টেবিলিটি টু ওয়াসিং - স্যাম্পল
Testing Method : ISO 6330 - ISO 5077
Testing Requirement : +/-3%

৫. পিলিং টেস্ট -
Sample: অন র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : ISO 12945 -2 ( 2000 cycles ) - Testing Requirement : >4

৬. কালার ফাস্টনেস টু ওয়াসিং ( কালার চেইঞ্জ টু ব্লিডিং) -
Sample: অন র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 105×12
Testing Requirement : Staining >4, Black /Dark Gray > 3/4, Denim >3

৭. এব্রেশন রেজিস্টেন্স -
Sample: ট্রিটেড ফেব্রিক
Testing Method : ISO 12947-2
50000 Cycle's

৮. কালার ফাস্টনেস টু সি ওয়াটার
Sample: অন র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 105 E02
Testing Requirement : Color Change > 4, Staining >3/4

৯. কালার ফাস্টনেস টু পুল ওয়াটার
Sample: অন র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 105 E03 -
Testing Requirement : Color Change > 4, Staining >3/4

১০. টিয়ারিং স্ট্রেনথ -
Sample: অন ট্রিটেড ফেব্রিক
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 13937-2 -
Testing Requirement :
1 daN if W < 150 g/m2
1.5daN if W > 150 g/m2

১১. টিয়ারিং স্ট্রেনথ
Sample: অন ট্রিটেড ফেব্রিক
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 13934-1 -
Testing Requirement : 18 daN if W < 150 g/m2 , 20 daN if W > 150 g/m2

১২. সিম স্লিপেজ
Sample: র` ম্যাটেরিয়াল
Testing Method : NF EN ISO 13936-1
Testing Requirement : < 3 mm At 6 daN For W< 80p/m2

১৩. ভেলভেট ফেব্রিক পাইল লুজ -
Sample: অন ট্রিটেড ফেব্রিক
Testing Method : NF G 07 221 ( 10000 Cycles )
Testing Requirement : - >/= 4

১৪. জিপ রেজিস্টেন্স -
Sample : জিপার
Testing Method : NF G 91-005 Test 4,2/4,3/4,10 Testing Requirement : See Zip Chart

১৫. টিয়ারিং রেজিস্টেন্স - অন স্নেপ বাটন - 150 N

2020-08-25T17:43:00.003+06:00

বাটন পুল টেষ্ট মেশিনের অপারেটিং পদ্ধতির নীতিমালা

বাটন পুল টেষ্ট মেশিন এর অপারেটিং করার ক্ষেত্রে একটি সুনিদিষ্ট নীতিমালা মেনে চলে। প্রতি দিনের নন-কনফারমিং গার্মেন্টস গুলি সুইং এবং ফিনিশিং সেকশনের কোয়ালিটি ইন্সপেক্টরেরা নির্ধারন করার পর উক্ত সেকশনের কোয়ালিটি সুপারভাইজার অথবা কোয়ালিটি এক্সিকিউটিভ তাহা পুনরায় রিভিউ করে নন-কনফারমিং গার্মেন্টস গুলি নির্ধারন করে।

নিম্নে এই নীতিমালার বিবরন দেওয়া হইল :
যে সকল গার্মেন্টস গুলি নন-কনফারমিং হয় তাহা তারিখ, বায়ার, স্টাইল, কালার ও কোয়ানটিটি লিখে উক্ত গার্মেন্টস গুলি নন-কনফারমিং এরিয়ার মধ্যে রাখা হয়।

নিম্নে নিয়মাবলী অনুযায়ী পুল টেষ্ট করা হয়-

১. সর্বপ্রথম মুকাপ তৈরী করা হয় । মুকাপ তৈরি করার সময় বাটুন যে গার্মেন্টসের যে পজিশনে লাগবে ওই জায়গায় যেরকম লেয়ার আছে ঠিক সেরকম লেয়ারের মুকাপ বানাতে হবে। মুকাপের বাটুন ফুলটেস্ট করে তারপর গার্মেন্ট্স এ বার্টন লাগানো হবে।
নন-কনফারমিং এরিয়াটি সর্বদাই তালা বন্ধ থাকে এবং সেই তালার চাবিটি ডিপুটি ম্যানেজার কিউ,সি এন্ড কিউ,এ অথবা ম্যানেজার কিউ,সি এন্ড কিউ,এ এর নিকট জমা থাকে।

২. বার্টনপুল টেস্ট ৯০ নিউট্রন (৯.১৭ কেজি) এ।নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পুল টেষ্ট বার্টন জন্য ১০ সেকেন্ড প্রেসারে রাখা হয়। প্রতি ২ঘন্টা পরপর বার্টন পুল টেষ্ট করা হয় ( বায়ার এর চাহিদা অনুযায়ী) এবং পাস ফেল এর রেকর্ডে সংশ্লিষ্ট কর্মকর্তাদের স্বাক্ষর নিয়ে রেকর্ড রাখা হয় ।

৩. এক বৎসর পর্যন্ত নন-কনফারমিং গার্মেন্টস গুলি নন-কনফারমিং এরিয়ার মধ্যে রাখা হয় এবং পরে তাহা স্টক লট হিসাবে বিক্রি করা হয়।

৪. উল্লেখ থাকে যে, নন-কনফারমিং গার্মেন্টস এর মধ্যে যদি কোন ধরনের লেবেল থাকে তবে তাহা বিক্রি করার পূর্বে উক্ত লেবেল গুলি কেটে, খুলে অথবা ব্রেন্ড মুছে দেওয়া লাগে।

৫. আমরা বার্টন পুলটেষ্ট করব এবং পাস ফেলএর রেকর্ডে সংশ্লিষ্ট কর্মকর্তাদের স্বাক্ষর রাখব।

All about QMS

Defining Roles, Responsibilities, and Authority Procedure (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

1. Purpose

2. Scope

3. Details of the Procedure

3.1 Assignment and Communication of Roles

3.2 Key Examples of Assigned Responsibilities

3.3 Structured Responsibility Assignments

3.4 Role in QMS Evaluation

3.5 Responsibilities and Accountability Levels

3.5.1 Top Management

3.5.2 Middle Management

3.5.3 Management Representative (MR)

3.5.4 MR’s Review and Corrective Action Role

3.5.5 All Other Employees

3.6 Job Descriptions

3.7 Organizational Structure

Procedure for Context of The Organizations (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

Defining Strategic Direction in Quality Management System (QMS)

1. Purpose:

2. Scope:

3. Responsibility:

4. Details of the Procedure:

4.1 Context of the Organization4.1.1. Understanding Organizational Context

The term “issue” includes:

4.2 Understanding the Organization and Its Context

4.3 Interested Parties4.3.1. Identification of Interested Parties

4.3.2. Relevance to QMS Scope

4.3.3. Change Management and Risk Thinking

When planning change, risk-based thinking helps:

4.4 Issues of Concern

4.4.1. Stakeholder-Related Issues

4.4.2. Internal vs. External Issues

Issues can be:

4.4.3. Examples of Internal Concerns

4.4.4. Examples of External Concerns

4.4.5. Assigning Bias

Each issue is categorized by:

4.5 Risk and Opportunity Management

4.5.1. Identification

4.5.2. Documentation

Each identified risk and opportunity is logged in the Risk Register along with:

4.5.3. Treatment Planning

4.5.4. Advanced Risk Treatment

4.5.5. Managing Opportunities

4.5.6. Cross-Reference

4.6 Strategic Direction

4.6.1. Development and Documentation

This strategic direction is:

✅ Conclusion

Handheld Metal Detection Procedure for Garments | ©AllaboutQMS

1. Purpose:

2. Scope:

This procedure applies to:

3. Equipment Required:

4. Roles and Responsibilities:

5. Procedure:

5.1. Primary Detection Process (Finishing to Packing)

5.2. Needle Breakage During Knitting/Linking/Sewing

5.3. Handheld Metal Detection Procedure

If metal is detected:

If metal is not found:

6. Preventive Maintenance & Calibration:

Yarn Count Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

Yarn Count Calculator

What is the Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) | ©AllaboutQM

Strategic Business Plan - Risk Management | ©AllaboutQMS

Procedure for Organizational Knowledge | ©AllaboutQMS

Cutting Section Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) | ©AllaboutQMS

What is Accessories? What are the Differences between Trims and Accessories?

Stitch Classification | ©AllaboutQMS

Manday Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

Online AQL Calculator | ©AllaboutQMS

AQL Calculator

Online Land Converter | AllaboutQMS

QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT (QAD) | ©AllaboutQMS

Production Process of Apparel Manufacturing | ©AllaboutQMS

Apparel manufacturing process - common steps

Receiving Fabrics

Fabric Relaxing

4.1 Context of the Organization
4.1.1. Understanding Organizational Context

4.3 Interested Parties
4.3.1. Identification of Interested Parties