To :

• Run the following in a Terminal or via ALT+F2 to open up the ‘Home folder launcher’ file:

gksudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop

• First make a backup of the file that opens, then copy and paste the following text into the text editor, hitting ‘Save’ when done:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Home Folder
GenericName=Home Folder
X-GNOME-FullName=Home Folder
Comment=Open your favourite folders in Nautilus
Exec=nautilus %U
Icon=user-home
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=GNOME;GTK;Core;
StartupNotify=true
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Bugzilla=GNOME
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Product=nautilus
X-GNOME-Bugzilla-Component=general
X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=nautilus

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Home;Documents;Downloads;Pictures;Music;Videos;

[Home Shortcut Group]
Name=Home
Exec=nautilus
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Documents Shortcut Group]
Name=Documents
Exec=nautilus Documents/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Downloads Shortcut Group]
Name=Downloads
Exec=nautilus Downloads/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Pictures Shortcut Group]
Name=Pictures
Exec=nautilus Pictures/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Music Shortcut Group]
Name=Music
Exec=nautilus Music/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

[Videos Shortcut Group]
Name=Videos
Exec=nautilus Videos/
OnlyShowIn=Unity

• Right click on the Home Launcher to see your newly added places menu

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• Bit A bit is one digit; either a 1 or a 0
• Byte A byte is 7 or 8 bits, depending on whether parity is used.
• Octet An octet, made up of 8 bits, is just an ordinary 8-bit binary number.
• Network Address The network address is the designation used in routing to send packets to a remote network. For example 10.0.0.0, 172.16.0.0 and 192.168.10.0
• Broadcast Address This type of address is used by applications and hosts to send information to all nodes on a network. Examples include 255.255.255.255, which is all networks, all nodes; 172.16.255.255, which is all subnets and host on network 172.16.0.0; and 10.255.255.255, which broadcast to all subnets and hosts on network 10.0.0.0

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Learning about the different types of cables and connectors in an Ethernet LAN and their various functions can help you understand more about how a LAN works. Ethernet is the most widely used LAN technology. Since its initial implementation, Ethernet has been extended to four new types:

1. 802.3u (Fast Ethernet)
2. 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber)
3. 802.3ab (Gigabit Ethernet over UTP)
4. 802.3ae (10 Gigabit Ethernet)

• 10BASE2 – Known as Thinnet. Allows network segments up to 185 meters on coaxial cable by interconnecting or chaining devices together.
• 10BASE5 – Known as Thicknet. Allows network segments up to 500 meters on large coaxial cable with device tapping into the cable to receive signals.
• 10BASE-T – Carries Ethernet signals up to 100 meters on inexpensive twisted-pair wirring back to a centralized concentrator called a hub

The 10BASE5 and 10BASE2 standards provide access for multiple stations on the same segment by physically connecting each device to a common Ethernet segment. 10BASE5 cables attach to the bus using a cable and an Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). 10BASE2 networks chain devices together using coaxial cable and T connectors to connect the stations to the common bus.

Because the 10BASE-T standard provides access for a single station at a time, each station must attach to a common bus structure to interconnect all devices. The hub becomes the Ethernet devices’ bus and is analogous to the segment.

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The picture above shows that the network is defined based on grouping employees (user) in the following says:

• The main office is where everyone is connected to a LAN and where the majority of the corporate information is located. A main office could have hundreds or thousand of user who depend on the network to do their jobs. The main office might be a building with many LANs or might be a campus of such buildings. Because everyone needs access to central resources and information, it is common to see a high-speed backbone LAN as well as a centralized data center with mainframe computers and application servers.
• The other connections are a variety of remote access locations that need to connect to the resources at the main offices and each other, including the following:
• Branch offices – These are remote locations where smaller groups of people work. These users connect to each other via LAN. To access the main office, these users access WAN services. Although some information might be stored at the branch office, most of the data users access is likely at main office. How often the main office network is accessed determines whether the WAN connection will be a permanent or dial-up connection.
• Telecommuters – These employees work out of their homes. These users typically require an on-demand connection to the main office and be the branch office to access network resources.
• Mobile users – These individuals work from various locations and rely on different services to connect to the network. While at the main or branch offices, these users connect to the LAN. When they are out of the office, they usually rely on dial-up services or high-speed Internet access links to connect to the corporate network using Virtual Private Network (VPN) services.

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Some network devices are required to create a LAN network:

• Hub

A computer networking device that serves to connect the equipment with 10BaseTEthernet or fiber optics that make it in a single network segment.

Hub is a device on a network that is conceptually operate at Layer 1 (PhysicalLayer). That is, the hub does not filter to translate something, just knowing the speed of data transfer and arrangement of pins on the cable.

• LAN Card

Lan Card / NIC(Network Interface Card) / Network Card serves as a bridge from your computer to a computer network. LAN card is mounted on the mother board on the PCI card slot. Each type of NIC was numbered addresses called MAC addresses, which can be static or can be changed by the user. For this type of network that can be selected using the Peer to peer or other uses.

• Switch

Switches connecting all the computers connected to the LAN, just like a hub. The difference is that switches can operate with full-duplex mode and is able to divertthe path and filter the information to and from specific destinations.

Switch is a device on a network that is conceptually located at layer 2 (DatalinkLayer) and there is a layer 3 (Network Layer). At pengirimkan data follow the MACaddress on the NIC (Network Interface Card) so that the switches know to whomthis package will be accepted.

• Gateway

A gateway can be hardware or software and it acts as a bridge between two networks. A gateway is an entrance point of a network. A gateway connects a LAN with internet.  A router acts as a gateway device in a network. In big networks, a computer server which acts as a gateway also acts as a proxy server and a firewall server.  A gateway computer is usually attached with the router and switch.

• Repeater

A repeater is a network device that is used to retransmit the weaker signals in a network.  A repeater receives the signals on the electromagnetic or optical transmission mediums.  Repeater removes the unwanted noise from the incoming signals.  A series of the repeaters is used to amplify the signals in the big network.  The can also relay the messages between subnetworks that use different protocols but a repeater can’t perform intelligent routing like the routers.

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Here’s a few new or much improved Google products we might see in the coming years if the deal goes through.

1. Google TV/ a new Google settop box – The most obvious non-phone play in the deal is the opportunity to supercharge floundering Google TV by adding one of the biggest makers of settop boxes into the mix. Motorola also brings solid relationships with cable companies that blows the possibilities for Google’s move on to home TV screens wide open.

2. Google Broadband All-in-one Solution – We know that Kansas City will be the first place to be part of Google’s ultra-high speed broadband network experiment, but that’s about all we know. Acquiring a major manufacturer of Cable and DSL modems can’t hurt the effort to get more folks hooked in to Google’s fiber network in the future.

3. Google Voice home phones – Google’s been expanding Google Voice lately, and Motorola makes wireline handsets. It’s not too big of a leap to imagine a Google VoIP home-phone replacement product similar to what Vonage offers.

4. Google GPS – Motonav is Motorola’s navigation technology used in its standalone GPS units. Integration with Google’s broad suite of location-based products. Google-branded nav units with integrated Earth and Street View seems like a possible winner.

5. Google Bluetooth – It will be interesting to see if Google chooses to innovate on Bluetooth at all, now that it has a major headset manufacturer under its umbrella. I can imagine new voice commands that integrate with Google Voice, Maps, Music Beta, and GMail just for starters. But something tells me this one won’t be a top priority.

6. Google remote access software – Motorola owns Timbuktu remote access software. While it’s not a major player in the market, I can see Google using this sort of product to add new functionality to its cloud-centric vision for computing. Use Google to access your Google Chromebook anytime from anywhere, if you were silly enough not to store everything in the cloud like Google hopes you will . . .

Source : PCWorld

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Do yourself and your company a favor and save money by using these free FTP applications.

1. Cyberduck
   
2. FileZilla
   
3. CoffeeCup Free FTP
   
4. FireFTP (for Firefox)
   
5. WinSCP (for Windows)
   

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What is IP Address?
http://and-inside.com/what-is-ip-address.html

What is a Public IP?
IP Public is an IP address that is worldwide, its use is governed by the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).

What is Private IP?
IP Private is an IP address that is local, this IP can be freely used for local networks.

Range IP Public and IP Private :

Range IP Private
10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 (Total Addresses: 16,777,216)
172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 (Total Addresses: 1,048,576)
192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 (Total Addresses: 65,536)

Range IP Public
All ip addresses except IP addresses listed in IP private and 172.0.0.1 (localhost).

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Based on version, there are two kinds of IP address IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit). Here i will review IPv4.

Special Address:
Network Address / Network ID. This address is used to identify the network on the internet network.
Broadcast Address / Broadcast ID. One-to-all communication, address used to send / receive information to all hosts in a network.

Distribution of class IP Address

Next Article : IP Public & IP Private

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How to install Packet Tracer in Windows? Like the other programs installed on windows, that is by running the installer Packet Tracer (. exe)

Then how to install Packet Tracer on Debian / Ubuntu?

Download Packet Tracer 5.3.1 and place it on “Home Folder”

Click on the image below to download installer. Choose one! (I used Application + Tutorial)

Application + Tutorial

Application Only

Open Terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal), Login as super user. If you use debian, type su then <enter>. If you use ubuntu, type sudo su then <enter>.

To install the Linux BIN packages, set the permission to be executable then execute the binary in the terminal. Execute the following command:

chmod +x PacketTracer531_i386_installer-deb.bin

./PacketTracer531_i386_installer-deb.bin

Accept the terms of EULA! Now you can run Cisco Packet Tracer from Applications > Internet > Cisco Packet Tracer.

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