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Internship Report Template for Social Sciences Students

2016-01-13T06:58:00.000-08:00

Internship Report

Institute: (XYZ)

Submitted by: ABC

Introduction

This reportentails the work and tasks that I was entrusted with during my internship at Adult Basic Education Society (ABES). ABES is a Non-Governmental, Non-Profit and Non-Sectarian organization that has been involved in enhancing the quality of education in Pakistan, through grassroots-centered initiatives in the realms of Adult Literacy and Primary Schooling since 1971. During my internship, I was appointed under supervision of the Program Coordinator - ABES, Mrs.Neelofer Asif. This report shall begin by specifying and explaining the profile of the organization and working of ABES over the years. The report shall then discuss the tasks and duties commenced and completed by me during this internship.I shall than go on to compare and contrast the practical side of the Development Sector with the academic teachings and theory studied during the course of the Development Studies Degree.

Profile of ABES

Adult Basic Education Society (ABES) was established in 1971. It has been registered with the Government under the Societies Registration Act 1860 and with the Central Board of Revenue, Islamabad as a non-profit organization. ABES, a non-sectarian organization, operating under supervision of an autonomous Board of Directors, is working for the education revivalism in the lives of adult girls and boys and for the well-being of the people in Pakistan without any discernment of race, religion, caste or creed.

As part of its all-inclusive approach towards attaining its quantitative as well as qualitative educational objectives, it has taken a “life cycle” methodology towards child development which does not disregard especially the empowerment of women through purposefulunderstanding and constructing the community as avigorous partner to the overall accomplishment of elementary education objectives. Hence, the aims and purposes of ABES, as articulated in its Constitution and designed for welfare of all the people in Pakistan, are:

a) To promote Adult Education in Pakistan through implementation of pilot projects for illiterates and neo-literates, in basic literacy and functional subjects including employable skills to facilitate the participants in their ability to perform as useful and self-reliant citizen of Pakistan.

b) To promote socio-economic uplift of individuals under-privileged/excluded community groups with emphasis on advocacy, health and hygiene, livelihood, protection and disaster risk reduction.

c) To develop innovative methods, teaching materials and literature for adult education, formal and non-formal primary education incorporating aspects of quality education with a rights basic approach.

d) All programs would be designed and implemented within the ambit of cross cutting principles of values, accountability, impartiality, gender, children, environment, sustainability, parents and community participation.

e) To train, upgrade knowledge and skills of trainers, supervisors, senior management and persons engaged in leadership of adult and primary education and community development activities.

f) To carry out research in all significant thematic areas of organization comprising of adult, formaland non-formal education and to evaluate projects for further improvement and effectiveness.

ABES-Teacher Empowerment Centre (ABES-TEC) was instituted in 1993 in Rawalpindi, working for the elevation of quality education in government and community schools. It is about the education awareness and the need for refining the standard of teachers by providing quality in formal and non-formal primary education in Pakistan. It has immense experience in project planning, field implementation, monitoring, capacity building, and materials development related to Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) and adult literacy. This foundation is presently working in the cities of Gujranwala, Faisalabad, Lahore, Sargodha and Rawalpindi. Presently this institution has been on the move with the two key educational projects for the nation. One is the ‘Non formal Education for Girls’ in the district of Gujranwala and second is the ‘Multi Grade Teaching Training’ in the Rawalpindi division.

This organization has been operational in Pakistan for a reasonably long time and it has certainly made an efficacious and prevalent stand in the society for growing the education awareness in such districts where the education percentage was considerably low and minimum.

Major Activities/Tasks Undertaken:

My internship initiatedon the 6^th of January, 2014 and terminated on the 3^rd of March, 2014. During my 8 weeks as an internee at ABES, I was given insight to the functioning of ABES and its various projects all over Pakistan. This was inclusive of the orientation of ABES’s chief activities and the duties I will be entrusted with during the internship. The orientation helped me become more familiar with the vast experience ABES had in the field of development including; awareness workshops on education, capacity building, monitoring, social mobility and community building, project planning and field implementation.

My enthusiasm to be able to work in the field and to understand the functionality of projects in the field was fulfilled while working with ABES. This was because in the early weeks I was educated on how workshops are hosted in order to build the capacity of local groups and fellow activists. I was able to understand how workshops are designed, venues are chosen, dates planned, recruitment of participants, designation of facilitators and also how the logistics are organized and the workshop is run. This helped in understanding of how workshops require a lot of hard work, require good facilitators and training.

After gaining considerable understanding of how workshops are organized, planned and equipped for in advance, I was able to visit Muzaffarabad which is the capital of Azad Kashmir and is exquisitelypositioned on the banks of Neelum and Jehlum rivers.To be able to work and gain experience in such a breath taking environment was a fulfilling experience and made the internship even more joyful. I, with my team, was tasked to indulge in interaction with the communities ofunion council Danna Kachili, District Muzaffarabad, especially women, to sensitize them on enrolling Out of School children to schools.We were separated into various groups with various tasks. My group had the responsibility of attracting and gathering participants for the three day workshop our team was organizing on creating awareness of education, especially among the women/mothers, so they were encouraged to enroll their children into schools. We were tasked to visit various homes in the area to promote our workshop and encourage them to participate in it. This was a very interesting experience as it required a lot of interaction with different kind of people and families who were willing to be a part of the workshop and also those who did not show interest.

The topics on each day of the workshop were different yet interrelated. The first day of the workshop, the topic was of an extensive type and there was general discussion over how education is important for all. We were able to interact with the women at a personal and anindividual level due the informal layout of the workshop as it made the women feel more comfortable in communicating. The topic of the second day was Gender and Education; the women were encouraged to bring their children along with them and we sat around with the participants and were able to discuss the reasons and issues due to which their children were not enrolled in schools. The turnover of the second day was better than the first since it gave us insight to the various major issues they were facing, such as cultural hindrances, unemployment issues and poverty.The third day of the workshop was about asking about problems and providing solutions to them. We shared our plan with them to work with the government to provide the children with various school provisions such as books, stationery and lunch arrangements as this will take the burden of these expenses off their shoulders leaving behind just the tuition fee. The participants were also advised that to be able to overcome cultural hindrances, families should enroll their daughters into schools, hence, empowering them and providing them with the confidence to compete with various kinds of cultural problems they were facing. At the end of the workshop, the participants were also asked to fill in questionnaires in order to assess the attitude change amongst them about enrolling their children into schools.

The second major task that I was entrusted with was to devise school specific plans with the School Management Committees to chart out Alternative Learning Options for such children. This task involved capacity building and the role of community’s education management. We visited the F-7 KachiAbaadi, Islamabad, and interviewed specifically the women to understand their perspective on what they thought over the issue of enrolling out of school children. They were also provided with visual presentations that helped them enhance their understanding of the importance of education.

As an intern at ABES, I also got the opportunity to attend a very informing conference Sahilheld at Dreamland Hotel on the issue of Child Protection. It discussed on various beneficial aspects that helped understand how the environments of schools can be made friendlier with reference to several features of child protection.

During this internship, I was also able to enhance my technical skills as I was able to learn how the Planning Tool was used for the management of various Projects. In addition to this, I was able to learn how the organization planned its various activities in advance on Microsoft Excel.

Critical Reflections:

Working with ABES, I was provided with the experience that I was targeting for.Studying Social Sciences and majoring in Development Studies,I was very enthusiastic to work in the field in order to gain exposure which gives me the knowledge and an understanding that will help me combine my formal education with real work expertise; and ABES enabled me to make that happen. During my internship, I was able to effortlessly relate theoretical perspectives in the field such as the concept of community mobilization, capacity building and spreading awareness; I practically saw in what manner people at the community level are mobilized by development practitioners. I was able to participate in the process and also participate and interact with these people and also learn from them. The workshop and the topics discussed in the workshop enlightened me and helped me connect what we learned in the courses of Women Empowerment, Development Project: Planning and Implementation and Community Development.

As I worked with my team in the field, it helped me realize that when one is able to connect their formal academic education with real work experience, it gives a sense of completion to one’s education. This is because it helps to connect what one learns in theory and then uses it as a guide in the field. This was the most important improvement and accomplishment for me which I gained during this internship.

Learning Outcomes

My internship at ABES helped me build my confidence and self-esteem at the professional level. It helped me learn how various challenges can be countered and how due to these challenges I was able to grow career wise. I was finally able to understand how theory is converted to practical implementation and how success stories are able to emerge from this procedure.

Over the years of my undergraduate education, I learned how various projects in the development sector are planned, organized and prepared for implementation. While working with ABES, I was able to be a part of the practical implementation of one of its projects. The experience in Muzaffarabad was a great learning turn for me and the experience of working with such qualified specialists will for sure help me more as I will actually become a part of the field and the practical world. This internship also informed me about workplace ethics along with meeting aims and objectives under a certain time limit. Hence, my internship experience helped me broaden my understanding of professional work environment.

Conclusion

Internships provide us with the opportunity to broaden our understanding of our fields and its functioning in the practical world. This report explains my internship experience and the details of the tasks that I undertook during the time period of my internship at ABES. Working with an organization with such vast experience also provided me with the experience of working in the field and understanding what it takes to be a true professional. Development Studies as a subject was always intriguing and by applying its theoretical perspectives in the field during this internship, my vigor and enthusiasm to work in the field has worked in my favor and has provided me the ability to groom myself according to the prerequisites of my field and also polish my skills to be able to perform well and have a successful future.

2016-01-13T06:54:00.003-08:00

BREAKING: Spain-bound plane declares EMERGENCY over UK

2015-09-16T11:44:00.001-07:00

The plane was bound for Menorca, Spain, but has abandoned its journey and is instead heading back to Manchester.

It should be landing there in the next few minutes.

The jet is currently in a holding pattern over the West Midlands as it waits for a slot to land.

The aircraft is understood to have a problem with a stabiliser.

It originally made a mayday call to the ground, which are usually reserved for life-threatening situations.

It is understood that this has now been downgraded to a pan-pan call, which, while still serious, normally means the crew require assistance from the ground.

The news comes just days on from a British Airways jet being met by fire crews at Heathrow Airport after the pilot sent an SOS call ahead to air traffic control.

Forms & Types of Advertising Classification

2015-08-18T07:21:00.001-07:00

Product advertising:

Product advertising is basically carried out for a presentation and promotion of new products or existing products and revised products, this is also called as BRAND or National Advertising.

For Example:-

1. Mobilink

2. Ufone

3. Q mobile

4. Nat foods

5. Naqshenoor

Retail Advertising (Local Advertising)

In The retail advertising, The advertising is focuses on the stores, where a variety of products can be purchased, where is service is offered. Retail advertising emphasizes on the price availability, location and hours of operation. This is carried to a distinctive image of the retailer or to increase the store’s traffic.

Corporate Advertising

Corporate advertising basically focuses on the establishing of a corporations identity, or winning the public over organizations point of view. This is designed to create a favorable image for a company and its products.

B2B Advertising

In the B2B Advertising it is directed to industrial user such as tires to automobile manufacturer, reseller that is whole seller and retailers.

Political Advertisements

In the political advertisements this is often used by politicians to persuade people to vote for them.

For example:-

1. PML(N)

2. PPP

3. PTI

4. MQM

5. APML

6. CONSERVATIVES

Directory Advertisements

There are four types of directories.

1. Numbers

2. Addresses

3. Specific trade/ members

Directories contain names, addresses, of individuals or businesses. People refer to directory advertising to find out how to buy a product or service.

For example: - yellow pages.

Directory Advertising is unique in that the user is generally ready to buy the product or service when directory is consulted.

Direct Response Advertising

In Direct Response Advertising involves two way of communication between advertiser and target audience it can use any medium to newspaper, magazine, online etc_

And consumer can respond to mail telephone for example:-

1. Tool free numbers

2. 0800 numbers

3. Coupons

4. Click here text on banners

Public Service Advertisements It is specifically designed to operate publics interests and to promote public welfare.

For Example:-

1. Police van

2. Wear Helmet

3. No Smoking.

These advertisements are created free of charge by professionals; space and time are donated by media.

Advocacy Advertisements

This type of Advertisements is concerned with the propagation of ideas and clarification of controversial social issues.

For Example:-

1. Conserving Wild Life

What is Advertising ?

2015-08-18T03:56:00.000-07:00

What is Advertising ?

Advertising is a paid form of non personal communication by an identifies sponsor using media(ATL & BTL) in order to persuade target market.

Forms & Types of Advertising Classification

Product advertising:

Product advertising is basically carried out for a presentation and promotion of new products or existing products and revised products, this is also called as BRAND or National Advertising.

For Example:-

1. Mobilink

2. Ufone

3. Q mobile

4. Nat foods

5. Naqshenoor

Retail Advertising (Local Advertising)

Corporate Advertising

B2B Advertising

In the B2B Advertising it is directed to industrial user such as tires to automobile manufacturer, reseller that is whole seller and retailers.

Political Advertisements

In the political advertisements this is often used by politicians to persuade people to vote for them.

For example:-

1. PML(N)

2. PPP

3. PTI

4. MQM

5. APML

6. CONSERVATIVES

Directory Advertisements

There are four types of directories.

1. Numbers

2. Addresses

3. Specific trade/ members

Directories contain names, addresses, of individuals or businesses. People refer to directory advertising to find out how to buy a product or service.

For example: - yellow pages.

Directory Advertising is unique in that the user is generally ready to buy the product or service when directory is consulted.

Direct Response Advertising

In Direct Response Advertising involves two way of communication between advertiser and target audience it can use any medium to newspaper, magazine, online etc_

And consumer can respond to mail telephone for example:-

1. Tool free numbers

2. 0800 numbers

3. Coupons

4. Click here text on banners

Public Service Advertisements It is specifically designed to operate publics interests and to promote public welfare.

For Example:-

1. Police van

2. Wear Helmet

3. No Smoking.

These advertisements are created free of charge by professionals; space and time are donated by media.

Advocacy Advertisements

This type of Advertisements is concerned with the propagation of ideas and clarification of controversial social issues.

For Example:-

1. Conserving Wild Life

"Mahseer" Now considered endangered in Pakistan

2015-01-26T08:55:00.003-08:00

National Fish of Pakistan is "Mahseer" The King of

Himalayan Fishes, one of the larger specie that have

suffered severe decline, and are now considered threatened

due to pollution, habitat loss and overfishing.

Man from India Claims He’s 179 Years Old

2015-01-23T11:13:00.000-08:00

A retired cobbler from northern India, Mahashta Mûrasi, claims he was born in January 1835, making him not only the oldest man on earth, but the oldest to have ever lived human in this world, according to the Guiness World Records.

According to indian officials, the man was born at home in the city of Bangalore on January 6th 1835, and is recorded to have lived in Vârânasî since 1903. He worked as a cobbler in the city until 1957, when he retired at the already venerable age of 122.

“I have been alive so long, that my great grand-children have been dead for years” explains Mr Mûrasi. “Somehow death forgot about me… And now there’s hardly any hope left. Look at the statistics, nobody dies past 150, even less at 170. At that point, I guess I’m immortal or something. I might as well enjoy it!”

The man’s birth certificate and identity cards all seem to confirm his version, but unfortunately no medical examination can confirm his saying for now. The last doctor Mister Mûrasi visited died in 1971, so there is little information available about his previous medical files.

Pakistan: Running out of Scorpions & Tarantula

2015-01-10T14:16:00.000-08:00

Some of the people in Pakistan started reporting on the shortage of scorpion, during on of the survey in Thata region guy name M said 12 months back in this area you will easily find scorpions any where even some time you can see them in your drive way, he said now picture is totally changed, now you will not find scorpion after hours of hunting now it’s up to your luck.

Sadly now if you look at the private auction sites you will see bundles of ads for black scorpions, and people are posting adds that they want scorpions of weighing 40-100grams at any cost. Higher the prices bid for scorpions and then more shortage of scorpions from the jungles, according to our very reliable source hunters are hunting full nights in the search of scorpions and they don’t even leave small scorpions and while in the search of scorpions they also found some endangered lizards, frog, or tarantulas spiders. More over this hunting is actually destroying eco-system, some animals depend on this species they eat them because of hunting these animals other animals are also dying or migrating the areas.

Level # 1 Venom Scorpions List

2015-01-10T10:20:00.001-08:00

Level one scorpion are very common and people love to keep them at home, and level 1 scorpions are very good to keep because of many benefits, such as they are not deadly to humans. If you got stung there will be no symptoms.

Here is a list of all level 1 scorpions with pictures.

1. Hadogenes paucidens

2. Hadogenes troglodytes

3. Heterometrus beccaloniae

4. Heterometrus longimanus

5. Heterometrus madraspatensis

6. Heterometrus mysorensis

7. Heterometrus spinifer

8. Heterometrus swammerdami

9. Heterometrus swammerdami

10. Mastigoproctus giganteus

11. pandinus cavimanus

12. pandinus imperator

Why China Destroying Nature & Wildlife

2015-01-08T04:07:00.004-08:00

Abstract

China is one of the old civilization and interesting history and also the one of biggest country in Asia with strong resources. If we look at the bigger picture around the world whenever shortage created anywhere or monopoly, always china is at the back, if we talk about the manufacturing of 1-3^rd class material we will also find china at top, if we say about cheap labor, of copying of technology china is among them.

Trade of rhino horns cause some much trouble in the Africa, hunter’s hunted rhino day and night for the sake of rhino’s horns. Black market was at the peak what I am trying to tell you is that who was at the back of this ?The highest prices were being offered for the rhino horns which caused reduction of animal, the illegal collection of rhino horns was because of the highest prices was paid by china. Or china black market.

Shark fins, same scene happened with the hunting of sharks for the shark fins in the East Asian Country.

Scorpion Venom, If we take a look in to the china’s history, Scorpion venom was very important part of the medicine in ancient time of china, vestiges use have remained till now, The country may be responsible for the rise in the price of the, blue, black, yellow, Indian , scorpions in the Pakistan, according to the people of sindh they also informed that they encountered business of scorpions with the china’s buyers. What I am trying to tell you people that this can might be the possibility of scorpions illegal trade. I want you to think out of the box.

The China’s economic power may be causing problems for the scorpion species in Pakistan as it did for the Rhino in Africa and shark fins for east countries.

The Health Benefits of Eating Fish

2015-01-08T03:59:00.000-08:00

BY:- Jamil Khaliq
Facebook:- https://www.facebook.com/Fish.Farming.Revolution

‘’Researchers worldwide have discovered that eating fish regularly - one or two servings weekly - may reduce the risk of diseases ranging from childhood asthma to prostate cancer’’

Fish is low in fat, high in protein and an excellent source of omega 3 fatty acids.

Regular consumption of fish can reduce the risk of various diseases and disorders. Selected research findings indicate the following:

• Heart disease The British Heart Foundation says eating oily fish can help to reduce the risk of heart disease and improve your chances of survival following a heart attack. Fish does this by lowering levels of fats called triglycerides in the blood - raised levels are associated with heart disease. Fish oils also appear to help reduce blood clotting and abnormal heart rhythms after a heart attack.

• Asthma Children who eat fish may be less likely to develop asthma.

• Brain and eyes Fish rich in omega 3 fatty acids can contribute to the health of brain tissue and the retina (the light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye).

• Cancer The omega 3 fatty acids in fish may reduce the risk of many types of cancers by 30 to 50 per cent, especially of the oral cavity, esophagus, colon, breast, ovary and prostate.

• Cardiovascular disease Eating fish every week reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke by reducing blood clots and inflammation, improving blood vessel elasticity, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fats and boosting 'good' cholesterol.

• Dementia Elderly people who eat fish or seafood at least once a week may have a lower risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

• Depression People who regularly eat fish have a lower incidence of depression (depression is linked to low levels of omega 3 fatty acids in the brain).

• Diabetes Fish may help people with diabetes manage their blood sugar levels.

• Eyesight Breastfed babies of mothers who eat fish have better eyesight, perhaps due to the omega 3 fatty acids transmitted in breast milk.

• Inflammatory conditions Regular fish consumption may relieve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and autoimmune disease.

• Prematurity Eating fish during pregnancy may help reduce the risk of delivering a premature baby.

"Healthy ways to enjoy fish include baked, poached, grilled and steamed forms"

Population Growth of Islamabad The capital

2015-01-08T03:56:00.000-08:00

The Capital

Islamabad is one of the most beautiful of capital in the world and most attractive city in Pakistan, mountains and tourist spots made this place heaven. People from all over the Pakistan come daily to visit the city. Islamabad is fully owned by the capital development authority, who keeps the city clean and well, residential sectors in Islamabad are fully planned, and everything is available in them.

Growth of Population

In The capital city of Pakistan “Islamabad” is also the ninth largest city in the country. The population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.30 million in 2012. Since, Islamabad has attracted people from all over Pakistan, making it one of the most cosmopolitan, tourist spot and urbanized cities of Pakistan and center of Economic and service activities which attract people from all over the country.

Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi is in the Adjacent to the Southern edge of Islamabad. It is situated in the North Eastern part of the Potohar Plateau in North Punjab. Being Headquarter of Rawalpindi Division and a close neighbor of the Federal Capital, Islamabad, if we see the population of Rawalpindi City it’s increasing and also rapidly increased over the years. And expected to increase with the 4% annually.

Twin Cities

Well, I would like to add one more thing Islamabad and Rawalpindi is also known as twin cities because they are connected to each other, and half of the Rawalpindi population come daily in Islamabad for the jobs and business activities.

Analysis of Twin Cities

The capital Islamabad and Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area is the third largest conurbation in Pakistan with a population of over 4.5 million inhabitants. And if we look at the population, Twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi are growing rapidly at a rate of more than 4% percent annually, indicating a higher than national growth means reason behind this is due to significant ratio of migration. With present growth trends it is expected that the population would increase to 7.0 million approximately in twenty years’ time period for sure.

Truth: Scorpions Don’t Cure Cancer

2015-01-07T06:34:00.000-08:00

There is only one well-known treatment for cancer which uses scorpion venom in a little amount, and it’s in an experimental phase not completed yet. And it is also in a very controversial phase. It’s not even launched yet, so if people says that we are doing for this purpose then they are definitely wrong.

My point of view about this picture is that there is bigger black market games is going on at back stage, and one thing is for sure, this game will not end up well for Eco system.

Death stalker scorpion, commonly known as yellow scorpion is being used by jim olson’s research, but he gets venom from medical facilities legally, not from social media platforms, or from olx, or EBay.

‘’The capturing of yellow scorpion in Pakistan region of sindh especially in Thata district has nothing to do with the research of olson.’’

Abstract

Very common or lame explanation from the buyer or brokers of black market dealer in Pakistan or all over the world, that we buy scorpions in order to make medicines for the cancer patients, and somehow we believe them reason is lack of knowledge. And all those illegal investors who are now actually buyers and taking huge number of scorpions from jungles and in return these people are not afraid of general public in reality we call them to come and pick up scorpions, main reason is we are not honest with God that’s why we are ready to destroy his beautiful nature or creatures which makes this world more beautiful. We humans are actually killer of nature, we do everything we could to destroy the beauty of nature, but nature take revenge in the shape of terrorism, earth quake, floods, and still we are so much dumb and don’t realize that why this all happening to us. We must need to check our self before pointing finger on other people.

Reason for grooming of scorpion business

Greediness, yes we greedy!

Tips : Keeping Scorpions at home

2015-01-07T04:26:00.001-08:00

Care tips

(by Emiel Vrolijk)

Keep tropical species (i.e. Heterometrus sp., Pandinus sp., Liocheles sp.) warm and moist, with a relative humidity of about 80%, at a temperature of about 86 Fahrenheit/30* Celsius. The preferred substrate for these species is cocopeat, or anything similarly water-retaining. Always make sure that the water dish is filled and clean.
Arid species (i.e. Hottentotta sp., Parabuthus sp., Androctonus sp.) are best kept at similar temperatures (86 F/30* C), but with a substrate consisting of dry sand. Look at the last answer of the FAQ for information concerning humidity requirements. A trick to give arid burrowers the opportunity to display their natural behavior, is to moisten the sand with a lot of water, press it down firmly, and then let it dry out completely, before you put in the scorpion.
Bark scorpions (Rhopalurus junceus, Centruroides sp.) ought to be kept like tropical species, the only difference being that one should provide vertically stacked pieces of bark or rock (make sure these pieces can't shift and crush your critter). Another difference is that the required relative humidity is about 70% with these species (however, there are some exceptions).
Last but not least: always does your research before you buy! Make sure that you are informed before you acquire a scorpion. These care tips are just a guideline. Many species need slight adjustments to this general care in order to thrive

Top Ten Tv-Series

2015-01-07T03:59:00.000-08:00

Top Ten Tv-Series

Lost
Grimm
Fringe
Blacklist
Criminal minds
Shameless
Homeland
Secrete circle
Supernatural
Covert affairs

Precautions : Handling of Scorpions at Home

2015-01-06T23:01:00.000-08:00

Precautions

There is no specific way of handling scorpions, there are many ways to treat, huge possibility is to get stung by your scorpion pincer, you should be careful while selecting place of aquarium at home. There is a full chance of, hurting, losing and fatally injuring of your pet. Yes more important thing is to keep your pet safe, because hard handling can kill your pet within minutes, just use active mind while changing of bowl or aquarium.

Yes, scorpions are very active runner, they prefer to hide suddenly at dark places, if your scorpion is gone out of the box while no one is at home, there is huge possibility that you will not going able to find again. Scorpion move quickly. Through their sense of smell and sensing of vibration. They are very much difficult to find especially at home, because of furniture, sofa, pipes, cupboards, etc.

If you’re changing his box on table, and if he runs on table he won’t stop at the end of table there is full possibility that he will fall from table, and this can hurt badly and your scorpion can end up at dead because of internal injuries. So try to keep box at place where scorpion cannot run.

Stings

Do not afraid of your scorpion while catching. Only fewer the scorpion are dangerous to the human, only 24 scorpions are considered very dangerous for the human, and these venomous can kill human within hours.1500 scorpions are being discovered by the researchers. Moreover, toxic venom varies animals to animal, however those scorpion who have large pincer consider being less venomous, and those who have small and sharp pincer considered very toxic and can give huge harm to humans.

Although you should careful about the sting of a scorpions, even if it’s not deadly but still it give different reaction to people. People who are allergic to things can get adverse reaction of venom; Children under three, the elderly, those with hypertension can react very badly or poorly to the venomous sting.

And most interesting fact is that scorpion firstly prefers to grab and crush the prey and in the last they sting the victim.

Strategies of participation in development projects

2015-01-06T10:56:00.002-08:00

Strategies of participation in development projects

This essay deals with strategies to mainstream participation in development projects which involves different typologies, processes and key methods. Participation is basically a process in which all member of a community or organizations are involved and play different roles regarding development activities and projects. Ensuring effective participation in development process makes it more significant and successful among people because each of a participant is contributing in it. This essay highlights view points of different authors like Carl Bruch, Mayo, Arntein, Alen Reid and Eade. It also discusses importance of participation and different ways of participation which includes learning, education and awareness programs, need assessment, capacity building and technology.

Bruch collects many experiences and lessons to enhance participation and public involvement in international watercourse management. He highlights successful mechanisms and approaches to enhance participation which ensures that people have access to information about watercourses that affects their participation in watercourses activities. According to him, firstly participation needs awareness among people that what factors are threats to environments. This knowledge let them decide that whether the action is necessary or appropriate. Also there is a need to aware people about ongoing projects and activities that could affect watercourses. This builds trust, decision-making power and empowers them. . One way to improve public access to decision-making processes is to take the process to the people to make it easier for them to participate. Secondly in order to realize effective participation it is necessary to address historical, geographical and financial constraints. NGOs can also be play vital role in improvement of participation process. They help to establish trust and connection between government and civil society (Carl Bruch, Libor Jansky, 2005).

Participation can also be made effective through videos, films and theatre; also they have histories in community development. According to UN report on Popular Participation in Development, this is one of the emerging trends to communicate with people and make them active for participatory approach. This project based on film-making technology at the disposal of the local people, who used the process of making the film to explore and face their problems, and then communicates their views directly to the provincial cabinet. Replies from a cabinet representative were then filmed and sent back to the local communities in question. Through these processes, communication was improved as attitudes and awareness changed (UN 1971). Now case study In Vietnam will be discussed that how this approach helped community to participate in community development. Oxfam explored the prospects of participatory video in Vietnam in nineties, and also started the videos potential for reflecting back the voices of underrepresented which enables them to communicate more effectively. This process helped to develop dialog between community and decision makers. Also video tapes were made, played back, discussed and edited, all with the villagers’ active participation. Women, men and children all took part in lively discussions in their community issues and development like water storage and irrigation issues (Mayo, 2001). This case study clearly shows that videos and films can be also used as a tool for active participation in different development projects.

Sherry Arnstein gave a very popular and well known framework of participation in which he used ladder as a metaphor for explaining participatory planning for projects. Later on the Ladder model was modified and explained in different ways. Basically this model provides typology of participation that helps different groups and institutions like health professionals, social workers, NGOs and youth organizations. Since in 1980s the Ladder has became a well used model in planning, discussing and evaluating approaches in child and youth participation in community based projects. The Ladder consists of eight rungs, the below rungs of model are manipulation and therapy which deals with to enable powerholder to educate participants. Then there are third and forth rungs i-e Informing and consultation which allow the have-nots to hear and have a voice. The fifth one is placation which allows citizens or poor to give suggestions but power will be still remainwith powerholders to check feasibility of a plan or suggestion. The sixth is partnership that enables them to negotiate and engage in trade-offs with traditional power holders.. At the topmost rungs, (7) Delegated Power and (8) Citizen Control, have-not citizens obtain the majority of decision-making seats, or full decision-making power(Arntein, 1979).

Alan Reid connects participation and learning process. He discusses different participatory approaches to education that focus environmental, health and sustainable challenges. He argues that participatory approaches to educations are tools of development, sharing knowledge and skill that led to the community building.Education and awareness could be given to the people by organizing participatory workshops in education and training;also education should be given to children and youth to engage them in developmental activities through schools and colleges(Alan Reid, Bjarne Bruun Jensen, 2007). I would further stress on his argument that when people are fully aware and educated, then they know what is good or bad, what is suitable for community, what should be done and how? Also when they are given participatory education, they will more likely to involve in development and betterment of the community.

There is another important tool which can increase participation in community based development, that is need assessment programs which refers to the identification of the assets of the community and determine potential. An estimate of needs of a community is taken by simply asking their opinion about issues they are dealing with. There are different techniques of need assessment programs like key informants approach, focused group interview, existing data interview etc. A public meeting is held and all the members of the community are encouraged to attend to have discussions and express their concerns and needs(IOWA State University).

Participation of people in development process can also be enhanced by building up their capacities, in this approach people are not depending on the state or no demanding aid and it can be an effective method of reducing poverty in long term. In this way when people get mobilized, they participate according to their capacities they can use them at best to attain their goals for instance if people of some area have land and water resource at hand then capacities should be build up by the organizations or their government to support the rural people as Eade argues that people become more vulnerable if they are not provided by the services which enhances their capacities and he argues that project based interventions have made them more vulnerable and aid dependent then before so in order to come out of any crisis and gain their involvement, it’s important to build the capacities of local people (Eade, 1997).Therefore capacity building can also be an important factor of participation.

.Participatory approaches must be gender sensitive. Both men and women should be given a chance to participate without any differences. Cornwel argues that participatory methodologies and approaches should clearly explore, analyse and work with differences between women and women and men and women of different social groups of society. Therefore gender mainstreaming is also important for mainstreaming of participation because both men and women should have say and opportunity to participate(Cornwel, 2001)

Conclusion

So participation can be enhanced through many ways including need assessment programs and capacity building. Also videos and films could improve participation among people through which communication process is developed among local people and decision makers. If children and young people are given participatory education in schools, colleges, seminars and workshops they will also come forward to participate in community-based projects. People should be given a chance to give suggestion and advice for their community issues and also their consensus is important to initiate any development project. So these strategies should be used to enhance participation.

Poverty Alleviation : Debt: The First thousand Years

2015-01-06T10:42:00.000-08:00

Debt: The First thousand Years

“ On the experience of Moral Confusion”

Abstract

David Graeber is an American anthropologist and activist who is currently Professor of Anthropology at the London School of Economics. Debt: The First 5000 Years is a book published by him in 2011. In this chapter he analyzes the function of debt in human history and moral confusion related to debt in present age. He presented his argument by discussing his meeting with an anti-poverty activist who was unaware to IMF. He told her that he is against IMF because IMF and institution functioning like IMF are apparently working for poverty alleviation and economic growth of a country but imposes certain type of terms and condition which became harmful and more destructing for third world countries. These 3^rd world countries kept of paying debt and it never get on from them because they increase their interest rate. But the activist ‘s point view was that those third world countries should pay their debts because of this statement that “ One has to pay their debts”. The author argued that that it is a moral statement not an economic one but its implications are not applicable to all.

Analysis

The author discusses the historical examples of different countries which explains the relationship between debt, morality, powerful and powerless actors. Morality related to debt is defined by the powerful in history, as the one who lends money is always powerful in some way than debtors and some kind of violence is also associated it with the money lending practices. He mentioned example of Madagascar where France after invasion introduces taxes for building bridges and plantations etc and they told Malagasy people that they owed money to France and those people are facing those debts till now. So debt is always justified as ‘victor’s justice’ but this is not the case in Haiti’s situation because they were unwanted winners when they resisted against France and they won but France put sanctions on them and make them debtors by accusing them for destruction of plantations etc. and international community also sided with France on this. So throughout history, certain sorts of debt, and certain sorts of debtor, have always been treated differently than others.

According to the author, if we look into history debt is always paid by powerless and weak people who are ruled by powerful people. Those powerless and weak people didn’t have say because debt was considered under dimensions of morality that everyone should pay. After reading the chapter and the closely analyzing the authors standpoint I consider myself very confused concerning debt and the ways it has been defined and linked with the morality. Debt has always been beneficial for lender and not for borrower because more sanctions and interests are imposed on them with debt which makes their condition more miserable than anything which exceeds actual cost amounts sometimes.

Conclusion

I would conclude this by arguing that one has to pay his debts is not amoral statement but a statement which has different definitions in different context. So paying one’s debt is not issue of morality but it is surrounded by the power structures.

Begging is a social problem in Pakistan Essay

2015-01-06T10:27:00.001-08:00

Situational Analysis

Problem identification is a deductive process. This activity identifies the issues and problems that need to be addressed. It seeks to answer several questions.

Choose one social problem and prepare a detailed situation analysis on it. Your analysis should be based on following dimensions.

– What is the problem?

– What are the probable causes of the problem?

– How serious (acute) is the problem? What are its social effects?

– Who are affected by the problem?

– How many are they?

– Where are they located?

– What are their characteristics?

– What has been done to solve the problem?

– What are the recommendations for future course of action?

Begging is one of important growing issues of Pakistan which has not been taken into account seriously. This essay deals with the situation analysis of begging in different areas of Pakistan. I choose this topic because it is one of the growing issues giving birth to different main issues like street crime, theft, robbery, suppression of poor, violence and exploitation. Pakistan is facing street begging at an alarming ratio.

Begging is requesting for donation in a supplicating manner, also it is one of the oldest professions on earth like prostitution but other nations have taken some serious actions to reduce it whereas in Pakistan this trend of begging increasing day by day. According to research, beggary is an organized crime in Pakistan and according to contemporary estimates, there are somewhere between two and twenty-five million beggars in Pakistan .There are number of causes of begging which indulged people to beg. Horn ad cooke analyzes the begging behavior and say that begging is an income supplement necessary for survival at some level related to the basic necessities like food or drugs. This is complex relationship between poverty, begging, homelessness, substance abuse, mental illness, unemployment and crime. Horn and cooke conclude that all these factors somehow resulted in begging so that they can generate income for survival (Horn, 1998)

Begging is so common is all major cities and almost found on every roundabout, pavement, in front of mosque and main roads asking for alms. It has become profession with a larger industry. Begging is prevailing also because of our societal setup. Two things that drive this industry are ‘shock value’ and religious connotations of assistance. In our society begging has traditionally been tolerated and even encouraged because that people give them money to gain religious merits and earn sawab but we have forgotten that these people are professionals and living idly is a sole purpose of their lives. Hassan Shahid, a development economist, pointed out that, “In Pakistan, and in other South Asian Countries, people have the tendency to provide alms or charity to poor people. Due to such trend, begging has become quite rampant because a section of people are more than happy to give money to beggars, particularly children.” However he also mentions that it occurs because state doesn’t have enough resources to provide substantial to poor and needy. This situation of them let them beg to fulfill their survival needs (Murtaza, 2012)

Poverty is the major cause of begging which has force hundreds of people to commit suicide, compelled women to sell out their children and forced youngsters to leave their home and start begging. According to the latest survey, large number of people living below the poverty line earning less than Rs.4000 per month which makes it very difficult for a person to fulfill his needs. On the other side, a street beggar is earning more than a normal person and also it’s an easy source of earning money (Haroon, 2012). They claim that they have to pay an amount to the ring leaders or police in the areas to beg. According to Pakistan law, begging can get you in jail for three years. But, that rarely happens here according to lawyers. Also Parents whose children are found begging can be arrested and put in jail for three years. They can be fined $500. The Lahore High Court in the year 2011 gave a ruling that professional beggary should be discouraged.

Beggars are mostly found in main urban cities ad main areas of these cities. They run markets of beggary in every city called mandi where they gathered around from all over the cities when there is Urs, mela like in Bari Iman, Data Darbar etc. As it is organized crime, they do deals in that mandi and assigned their tasks and areas where they beg. (Khan F. S., 2012)

Begging culture is not as simple as it seems like, now there is a whole mafia and series of crimes is also related to it. They even deceive innocent women and rob them. Also children beggars are mostly those who were kidnapped first by this mafia, and then converted into horrific appearance or disabilities which can be convenient tool for extorting money whatever they can. Even though begging is illegal in Pakistan, according to West Pakistan Vagrancy Ordinance 1958, but this law remains principally unforced as a massive increase in the number of beggars since past decades. According to Child Protection and Welfare Bureau, 39,270 poor and neglected children have been facilitated by the Bureau in six years. No doubt the professional beggars here in Pakistan are begging with their own choice and they are the real culprits but child beggars in the city are not choosers and they beg involuntarily. According to Asian Human Rights commission (AHRC) research in Pakistan, there are 1.2 million children o the streets on Pakistan’s major cities and urban center. This is only the amount of children in begging, other than children there are number of beggars who are mostly disabled or pretend to be disable person. Their lives are being controlled by huge network of beggar mafia who also allots them their territory where they have to beg. They are being trained professionally and tortured inhumanly that if someone just asks about their network or masters, they get scared to death.

These mafia leaders actually take oath from them to keep their name secret because majority of their heads are well known and influential persons of the society (Khan, 2006)

Iftikhar Mubarak, a child rights activist who is associated with the Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child (SPARC) and SAHIL, said: “Children don’t run away just because their families are poor, many of them are physically abused. Many children run away because they witness violence in their homes. NGOs can do only so much, long term sustainability of such interventions depends on the government’s help.” Beggary is no doubt outcome of poverty. Haroon Memorial Welfare researches about different beggars. Average daily wedges ranges from Rs.400 t0 Rs.500 which they handed over to their masters. Most of these beggars were children who did not even wearing proper cloths and shoes.

In short begging is influencing large number of people in our societies, not only beggars but also who get affected by this beggarization related crimes. This create poor image of the society and the begging mafia is just getting stronger day by day because no one has taken this issue seriously, neither law and enforcement agencies, government and NGOs are doing anything which just focuses on begging. There are some measurements that could be taken to reduce begging.

· Zakat and Sadqa are two important obligations which should be accessible to poor and needy people. The system of zakat should be transparent and it’s our responsibility to ensure eligibility of a receiver.

· Government should take some initiatives like to arrange different workshops, training and skills program so that they can really earn their future living.

· Job opportunities should be provided to the eligible people who really have skills and training.

· There should be strict enforcement of law, police should have power to punish those who are responsible for bring them on streets.

· Especially children rights should be ensured ad establish institution mechanism for child protecting issues.

· Public should discourage this illegal begging instead of encouraging it. There should be awareness programs against this begging mafia, so that only deserving people could get aid.

· Above few points could be achieved through awareness campaign of electronic and social media which has great influence on our lives.

· Government should generate funds to deal with vagrancy, beggary ad exploitation which is caused by begging.

Begging is now one of the organized crime and it need to be eliminated by serious policy formulation and planning. It needs to be eliminated from the society because it is producing a dependent person which is something dangerous for development and progress of a country as it assists in different crimes.

Security Analysis: K9 Dogs saving life in Pakistan

2015-01-06T04:10:00.000-08:00

Summary

It is claimed that now a day’s dogs are considered to be a very important pet for a security purpose. According to this survey almost 88 percent people wants to own a dog because of a growing needs of security issues. Also due to increase in terrorism the demand for trained dogs as also is enhancing to control any kind of critical situation 100 percent people in the questionnaire claims that dogs are trustworthy pet. Also 100% people agree that dog displays great valor and order to protect, save remain along side of their owner.

Conclusion

It is concluded from the above questionnaire that dogs are one of the most important element in security purpose and also the symbol of loyalty and bravery also people believe that there should be focus on the dog’s health and training session so that they can perform more efficiently.

(Sunil Jamil)

Television : News & Cartoons giving negative Affect in Kids Grooming

2015-01-06T04:06:00.000-08:00

Television is affecting kids life

Summary

Television promotes violence to some extent, if I talk about news channels or some reality shows yes they promote violence, and it is directly effecting our behaviors towards things, such as now if any suicide attack happens in the town then we do less care, because television already introduced a lot with graphics now it doesn’t affect any more, now caliber of our feelings is now very high, now if 400 kids died in the massacred of Peshawar school attack it matters to us because before this incident we saw bunch of people killed on television, in short, television is taking our lives changing our behaviors our children feel scared while walking in the streets, they are afraid of walking in dark because television introduced them with horrific truth, and they were not ready to watch all those material.

no one can stop children from watching television if we put some kind of lock on it, they will somehow find all those incidents through cartoon channels, yes my personal experience now cartoons also show porno things and bomb fights which is also effecting our kids, now if we talk about intruder is in the house now our children suddenly react and say dad go ahead burst his wind pipe, shot him with sniper, now what is this, where is the data coming from children’s mouth, there should be restriction on television channels of showing explicit material. In short now it is common or we can say it is late, we are already feed fully with all, and this generation cannot be stopped by all this I hope that we will be able to stop coming generation from this horrific material.

Truth

Yes, this is the truth that we cannot stop our children’s or our self’s from televisions somehow it became or need, we should must need alternative to overcome this problem, there are several other mediums through them we can also get informed from the outer world, news papers.

News papers are fine to some extent , children should attract toward paper reading it is good for their reading skills, or writing skills, we should more focus about saving our children’s from the horrific graphic and truths about real world till they are grownups.

I belief that those children’s who saw big things before time, it effect on their memory or behavior or personalities, it give deep impact on their skills, some time parents fight give deep depression to the children’s because they are not ready to accept this behavior, but continuous fighting make the kids behavior abnormal, and kids starting fighting with their peers, and this stage end on joining suicide bombers gang.

If you feed up your children well, he will not look any where or seek anything.

Conclusion

We should understand the feelings of kids, and must fulfill their need in proper time period, and do not give hard time when they are in the age of 5-15 this age is very sensitive, children learn in this stage, and pick everything which you do in front of them, and they do same when they entered in the adolescence.

Those children who got good families and brought up well, they do great in their liver and make strong career which makes them successful, but vise versa those children who brought up in mad atmosphere they will definitely do mad things in their life and will always annoys other people. Now come to the point, television is affecting our children by social media, cartoon channels, adult websites, dramas, movies. And television is also taking kids away from their culture beliefs, norms, attributes, or especially far away from the religion. If we look at the Europe side, children are not doing well, media destroyed their lives now they don’t lives in family or joint family system mostly they do not follow God, their belief is there is no God. They are living party life drugs, clubbing, alcohol, if we compare it to the Asia societies, people are still living in the family circles, and they are very much obedient to their parents, but time is not far when media will destroy them to, readers please understand the fact that media should be supportive medium we should not depend on it, when we will start depending on some things it destroy. We should make media in our control, we should create barriers which will benefit our society, I liked it when I saw on news that India is putting ban on websites, all sites who are showing news and informative data about ISIS is banned in the country, now at least people are feeling safe for time being their children’s walk freely in the streets, they are not afraid of any gang, because state is saving them from external forces, and do not letting their families know about bad happening our of their country.

Black Scorpions: Now worth more than Diamond, now caught and sold in Pakistan

2015-01-06T00:54:00.000-08:00

(Heterometrus longimanus, of the family Scorpionidae)

Background

Thata/Karachi: The Hetrometrus (Black scorpions) now considered being on the most dangerous anthropods creature in the country, There was a dark time period in the past when people saw this creature in their surroundings, they usually killed them on the spot. But I guess time never stay same for everyone, now if people of sindh find black scorpion weight 40-70 grams above in their fields or streets, abandoned places now they prefer to caught them alive.

According to our source the sindh black market trade of black and yellow scorpions is at peak. Catching a scorpion is not an easy task however people of sindh are now not afraid of catching these beautiful creatures. When the sun set in sindh the hunters come out with their ultra violet torches, because scorpions shine green or blue in the Ultra violet light and they can be easily identified in bushes of under the rocks or stones. People in the costal-belt of sindh still do it to get good money or some time earn lottery money, because weighing 60 grams can fetch at least $50,000.

PRICING

If your scorpion is 50-60 grams then it can fetch eye raising figures within a seconds because of their huge demand globally, and if some how you got scorpion weighing 100grams, is literally worth more than its weight in gold, diamonds.

Hunters

People who hunt scorpions they leave their house after sun set in search of black sand, in the search of scorpions it can take 6-8 hours in the search, according to the one hunter ‘’M’’ he said hunting is fun going out in desert of forests because in return we earn good amount of money. And he also confirmed that it not a one man show, it’s a team work they used to go on hunt in the shape of teams.

Their main source of finding a scorpions is ultra violet torch light which helps to find this beautiful creature, they shine blue or green in the light of UV, below you can see in the picture scorpion is shinning bright in the darkness, because of ultra violet light.

Now in sindh when father go out for hunt, children pray to God please provide big black scorpion to my father, but now question which raise over here, if people keep on hunting this creature is it good ? are they destroying this creature, because if they on doing this trafficking that day is not so far when it will be extinct from motherland.

According to our resources most of the politicians also invested heavy amount of money in this business, farmers are also in this business, and the buyers of Swedish, America, Australian and

Level 1 Venom : Scorpion (Hadogenes paucidens) Part I

2015-01-05T12:55:00.000-08:00

Hadogenes paucidens

The Flat Rock Scorpions (Hadogenes species) These are the longest scorpions in the discovered species of scorpions, their length is to 19 or 21 cm. most of the Males have very longer tails as compared to the females. These scorpions are actually belongs or you can say native to the southern Africa and they like dry climate. As their name suggests, they are very flat, allowing them to fit into small crevices. Hadogenes. have a tendency to climb and can be somewhat defensive. So if you are planning to keep them in small box less than 10 gallons then it’s a bad choice try to give big space and they prefer dry atmosphere Although they usually don't sting, they can give a painful pinch which can long 1hour or more. However, they have mild venom and make good pets for beginner and expert scorpion keepers.

Top ten University of Pakistan 2015

2015-01-05T12:29:00.003-08:00

Information about university of Pakistan

Top ten University of Pakistan

1	Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
2	Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
3	Aga Khan University, Karachi
4	University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
5	University of The Punjab, Lahore
6	National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
7	Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi
8	University of Health Sciences, Lahore
9	COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad
10	Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore

Enrollment at Universities/DAI + Constituent Colleges Classified by Sector

Year	Distance Learning	Public	Private	Total
2001-02	89749	142652	43873	276274
2002-03	108709	167775	55261	331745
2003-04	159257	202871	61108	423236
2004-05	187559	204708	65375	457642
2005-06 (p)	199660	242879	78934	521473
2006-07 (p)	272272	276226	91563 p	640061
2007-08 (p)	305962	331664	103466p	741092
2008-09 (p)	339704	348434	115369p	803507

Honesty is the best policy

2015-01-05T12:26:00.001-08:00

Many people believe that honesty is the best policy.

In your opinion, is it ever okay to lie?

Explain your answer using specific reasons and examples

Honesty

Honesty is the qualitative element of the human nature, in our society’s honesty has deep impact. Because people judge each other with these attributes, such as honest, wise, optimistic on human nature. Person who posses this element known as wise men. People trust that person or share their deep feelings or confessions with that person.

Honesty is the best policy?

Well, on this platform I am not here to teach you, I am here to give analysis about my experiences regarding honesty.

Honesty is the best policy so far. We say good person always stay honest.

According to the my point of view people should stay honest in their lives, because lie is like an Insect who eat your happiness from your life it have long-term effects in your live, you will not see the outcome of your lye, opposite of honesty is lie. And lie is the root of bigger issues, such as depression and PTSD, people who never stay honest with each other they always have disputes among them, for the short time period they feel good, but after a period they feel guilty about it and it’s not good.

I would like to give you some examples of our relationships.

1. If a man starts dating with a girl and they share each and every thing about their personal lives, if one of them is lying about their personal data, no one will know the reality, but one person is lying to another for the sake of sex etc.but after a passage of time when one of them will fall in love. Obviously that person will tell the trust which he or she was hiding back in time. But at that stage it will late, because relationship is like a thread if your rule it with lie it will stretch and will be cutted forever and some break up never tied up again properly they gap which came in to them always stay, and create situation of not to trust, fear of being dumped again. Here comes the self-esteem issue which is the element of human nature. And it leads to the big destruction of life.

2. If a person always speak lie with every one, then no one will trust that individual may be at some point of life where his or her life will be at stake then no one will going to trust that person,

Everyone will think in another perspective that this person never stays honest then how come we should trust.