anti.integer

US Carbon Footprint Shrinks

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 22 Sep 2009 02:29:00 +0000

In an era of sensationalism and malevolent media spinning, uplifting facts are sometimes hard to come by. You know as well as I that decades of alarmist rabble-rousing by scientists and forward-thinking individuals has finally awakened the conscience of America to environmental degradation and turned long-absent attention on climactic degradation. Carbon footprint as a household word? Greening as a national pastime? These are signs of an autotelic involution of national consciousness...but is this changing our behavior, not just our minds?

Recent trends say yes. Since 2007, carbon emissions in the United States have dropped 9%, the first decrease in 100 years. Since the beginning of 2009, oil use has dropped 5%, with the same drop reported over the course of 2008. The efficiency of Nuclear power plants in this country have increased from ~60% to above 90% in the last thirty years for the same safety levels, allowing our energy demand from more polluting sources such as coal plants to fall. And it seems the current trends will continue --- California has institutionalized a desire to increase its renewable energy generation from the current 11.8% of the total demand to 33% in eleven years. Bring on the good news!

Containerized Creativity

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 07 Jul 2009 17:10:00 +0000

In 1956, trucking entrepreneur Malcom McLean loaded the first payload of standardized shipping containers aboard the refitted tanker ship Ideal-X and watched as they departed Newark for Houston. The implementation of his intermodal dream signaled a sea change for the movement of goods around the world, one in which truck/ship/plane/train all conform to one prescribed rectilinear form, and one in which container loader and receiver are the only parties privy to content while all others are left mystified by identical corrugated monocoque constructions.

This innovation changed not only the physical shape of shipping, but that of its leavings as well. In net importer countries like the United States, used containers pile up in storage lots after their usefulness comes to an end. Having explored these boxy boneyards in person, I've long been inspired to re-use them in the creation of space. No building is free of materials carried in these standards; formalizing the relationship by appropriating the container as containment method is a lovely reminder for future users.

Graft Architects has crafted the Platoon Kunshthalle arts facility in Korea out of 28 standard shipping containers. In order to utilize the wall-as-structure nature of the containers, they surrounded a central open space with smaller programs (artist live-work, offices, washrooms, etc.) which could make use of the container as-is. In doing so they allowed for a sweeping architectural gesture at the heart of the space, at the same time playing with the double-blinding action of fitting any- and everything under the sun into the same blank box.

Closer to home, DeMaria Design used the basic geometry and structure of the shipping container, but dematerialized it by replacing steel monocoque with glass curtain wall and stucco in places, inverting the relationship of cargo and crate. The resulting Redondo Beach House has an inviting modernist open plan in which the footprint of the shipping industry is still viscerally present.

Found objects have inspired art since the beginning of time. That this paradigm has continued in contemporary architecture is no surprise --- green meets steel in containerized reconstruction.

Bone Power

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 02 Apr 2009 06:28:00 +0000

Whale bone meets power transmission...output formalizing throughput in new ways. The structural object combines relatively new use and traditional surround, a pretty new skin for an oft-abandoned part of modernity. From a firm where metonymy has been more than mentioned...

Beauty? I think so. I wish my local towers were made of older ones, transmuted, equations taken from nature and refomed.

PG&E, are you listening?

Wave Power

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 13 Oct 2008 20:16:00 +0000

Despite several public pledges and an ongoing civic discussion about harnessing the Golden Gate's enormous tidal differential as a provider of power for the city of San Francisco, we have yet to see any such system operational in the San Francisco Bay, even on a test or demonstration basis.

Now it seems we've dragged our feet too long and lost this particular renewable race: the first large scale wave energy farm has its first three generators up and running. Located off the northern coast of Portugal, the Agucadoura generator is a public-private joint venture between a consortium of developers and manufacturers and the Portuguese Energy utility. The three generators (a single generator is shown above) produce ~0.84MW each (for comparison, the average wind turbine currently operational in California produces ~0.03MW). Once the farm is complete, it will produce 22.5MW of energy.

O great Golden Gate, you too will power the citizens that love you...some day.

Truth behind Trash

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 01 May 2008 19:02:00 +0000

::via Shell::

Shed It

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 11 Apr 2008 21:38:00 +0000

For over a year now I've been specifying LED lights for every architectural client who comes my way. I've done this secure in the fact that LEDs are the most efficient way to light a space, providing between 60 and 100 lumens per watt of energy spent (compared to between 12 and 17 lm/W for traditional incandescents).

Recently I've been introduced to the gospel of Plasma lights, an edgy technology which produces about 140 lm/W on average...

So, I think the time has come to change my tune...blacklight warm-up and hyper-efficient white light in a single (tiny) unit? I'm on it.

Choose your Transit Modes Wisely

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 25 Mar 2008 22:20:00 +0000

Amount of urban space required to transport sixty people by 1) automobile 2) bus and 3) bicycle.
via Press Office, City of Münster, Germany

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Mar 2008 22:15:00 +0000

Relative carbon footprint by continent. ((click for statistics))

© Mark McCormick :: via TreeHugger

San Francisco Hydro-Net

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 04 Mar 2008 17:53:00 +0000

Come 2108, the built typology of San Francisco is barely recognizable. The edge of the bay has been transformed into a series of algae ponds producing hydrogen for clean fuel cell locomotion. A network of interlinked subterranean infrastructural pathways transport people, hydrogen, water and staples while freeing the surface for pedestrian comfort and disinvestment in the internal combustion engine.

Fog is harvested for drinking water and streets become permeable rainwater collectors, while natural aquifers are used as water storage tanks. The complex plate tectonic machinations underpinning the City are tapped to supply clean geothermal energy, and the Pacific ocean is utilized as the largest thermal mass on the planet.

IwamotoSctott's winning design for the history.com City of the Future contest is full of radically captivating options for the future of the City...read up! [additional eyecandy here]

Israeli Auto Industry to Plug In

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 21 Jan 2008 21:35:00 +0000

Today, Ehud Olmert announced that Israel is turning to electric automobile infrastructure to solve the problems of an oil-poor nation politically and canonically separated from its oil-rich neighbors. With its geographically proximal urbanized areas (Tel Aviv <-> Jerusalem = 40 mi), high oil prices (> $6.25 / gallon of gasoline) and abundance of alternative energy sources (solar primarily, wind + tidal secondarily), Israel may very well be the ideal testing ground for state-funded electric car infrastructure.
The State of Israel will model its program on modern mobile phone usage: first, provide users with discounted hardware. This "discount" will take the form of huge tax breaks in a country where fees surpass 60% of the cost of a new car. Second, offer usage "plans" which are not directly linked to the volatile price of natural resources, with overage charges for citizen who overstep their predicted usage.

This initiative is a public-private partnership, with $200 million in public funding provided to Californian-Israeli startup Project Better Place to set up charging infrastructure and provide batteries. Batteries are to be lithium-ion chem cells providing 124 miles per charge, which in Israel is a reasonable distance; at least some of the recharging is to take place at transfer stations where discharged batteries will be removed and fresh ones inserted, eliminating the charge downtime which most frustrates current electric car users.

Vegas tiptoes towards Green?

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 16 Jan 2008 18:41:00 +0000

Las Vegas is one of the least sustainable cities in the world. Its rise to the apogee of western U.S. tourist culture is riddled with environmentally damaging moves: first, found a wholly suburbanized metropolis in the center of a water-scarce desert. Then work overtime to bring residents into a region lacking fertile agricultural land within a 300 mile radius. Next, subsidize airlines to fly gamblers into an airport over 600 miles from any major carbon sink. Water losses, embedded-cost multipliers, greenhouse gas maximizing...so many threads of hubris woven into an urban web.

Now local developers are trying to green their image by funding the world's first Vertical Farm. A concept that's been pushed for years by the Vertical Farm Project, this structure stands 30 stories tall within the core of an urbanized area. The entire structure is dedicated to food production year-round and weather independent; cash crops can be produced locally by replicating their native biomes within the structure's controlled environments. All told, between 50 and 75 thousand people could be fed by a single Vertical Farm.Cash flow from produce alone would pay off the high ($200 million) construction cost within 8 years; projected tourism revenue would make the tower every bit as profitable as a casino, and add a smidge of sustainability to Nevada's largest oasis.

Midtown Hudson Rising High

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 17 Dec 2007 21:19:00 +0000

Buried on the West side of Manhattan between the Lincoln Tunnel and the Chelsea Parks, there lies a rare undeveloped brownsite in the heart of New York City --- the 26-acre Hudson Rail Yards. When last I visited NYC, I walked this stretch of the West Side Highway on my way from the Upper West side to a friend's place in Chelsea (yes, avid doesn't describe my approach to walking). The streets were wide and deserted, the buildings industrial and decaying, the parking lots more numerous than anywhere else on the Island I had been before or since. I remember feeling more than a little bit afraid for my welfare.

Now the Yards, owned by the Metropolitan Transit Authority, are going to be redeveloped with a truly Midtown mix of uses including thousands of units of housing, millions of square feet of commerce, interstate transit and more parkland (12-16 acres) than any Downtown development could hope to provide. Five teams are to participate in the competition to design this project.

As the above rendering illustrates, this redev is meant to create a new planned focal point on the West Side of the island's Midtown to balance the affluent East Side developments (much as the World Trade Center was programmed to do for Downtown when it opened in the early 1970s).

Bounding this project to the West is the the old High Line, site of a new deconstructionist conflation of parkland and industrial viaduct to be undertaken by Diller Scofidio and Renfro. Can't wait to visit this area again in ten years...may be a pretty hot little place if it keeps going at this rate.

Energy Efficiency in the Darker Months

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 15 Oct 2007 22:30:00 +0000

For many Californians, saving power in the summer is second nature --- we open windows and turn on fans rather than using central air conditioning. We turn lights off when we leave a room. We wait until nightfall to do laundry and dishes. The summertime tips are many and frequently stated; come fall, however, the wisdom dries up. Other than expensive things like re-insulating your house and investing in double- or triple-glazed windows, how can we be more efficient in the winter?

1. Wear more clothing and turn down the thermostat. I know, I know...total no-brainers. But really, make sure you have a sweater on before you turn the heat above 68°.

2. Use radiant space heaters instead of a forced air heat pump (except when every room is being used). Radiant heaters warm the surface of your skin, not the air surrounding it --- psychologically, radiant heat makes you feel much warmer than a forced air system set at the same temperature. In addition, air is one of the worst thermal masses out there; using it to transfer heat from furnace to every room in the house is inherently wasteful.

3. Use your ceiling fan on very cold days. As counter-intuitive as it is, a fan on its lowest setting will circulate the hot air which gathers near the ceiling without creating so much flow as to make you cold from convective heat loss. Fans draw just a few Watts and will make much better use of your heating dollars (regardless of heater type).

4. Re-arrange your furniture so that chairs/sofas/beds are near interior walls. In addition to keeping infiltration (drafts) away from your skin, it will allow what sunlight there is to heat the surfaces inside your space.

5. Open blinds when the sun is out; close them on cold, dark days. As mentioned above, using your floor as a thermal storage unit is very efficient; make sure the sun hits the floor when it's out. Conversely, convective cooling can be significant when the differential between house and outside temperature is >10° --- creating an airspace between window and blind effectively creates one more layer of insulation.

6. Place area rugs on hard-finish floors near frequently-used chairs, sofas and tables. Keeping your feet warm will keep you psychologically toasty.

If you want to know more, find more tips here.

Posted on Blog Action Day 2007: 8l0gg1ng 4 t3h 3nv1r0nm3n7s

Something Hydrogen This Way Comes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 13 Sep 2007 19:25:00 +0000

When I sold my car six years ago, I pledged that I would not purchase another until hydrogen fuel cell technology had matured, and a fuel cell car was commercially available. At that time the technology was mirage-like, shimmering on the technological horizon decades away from feasibility.

Honda recently announced that the FCX, a 130hp hydrogen car with a top speed of 100mph, will go into production in 2008. If this happens, Honda will beat Mercedes-Benz's 2012 serialization date and Ford's 2015 estimate into the ground, along with my personal guess at a timeline.

The car is only a one part of a complex equation, however. Hydrogen, a volatile gas at room temperature, is infamously difficult to isolate and transport --- Hydrogen production has been pegged as a process dirtier than fossil fuel rarefication (consuming more energy for the isolation process than is yielded in the finished fuel), and transportation has been deemed impossible due the the highly explosive nature of the gas.

The solution involves a paradigm shift, replacing centralized refineries with a dispersed system of mini-generators proximal to refueling stations. New processes use solar energy to electrolyze water, producing hydrogen and oxygen in a sustainable zero-carbon cycle (where older means of production used fossil fuels [hydrocarbons] as the hydrogen mine, freeing huge amounts of carbon to isolate the hydrogen).

The East Bay Area has two hydrogen generators / fueling stations currently in operation (Richmond and East Oakland), with a third ready to begin construction (in Emeryville near the base of the Bay Bridge). The new Emeryville station will be a solar electrolysis generator, the first of its kind in northern California.

O hai! Hydrogen solvency ahead of schedule. But...but...I'm not ready to own a car again!

Piezo Power

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 16 Aug 2007 21:34:00 +0000

Imagine walking through a grand public space --- say the Transbay Terminal --- abreast with thousands of other city-dwellers secure in the knowledge that the simple act of walking provides light for the space through which you move. That footsteps power the system announcing arrivals and departures five floors below. That one person's mad rush to catch a train heats tea for a dozen others less pressed for time.

This could become a reality with widespread adoption of piezoelectric power generation. Certain crystalline structures --- including readily-available materials such as quartz, cane sugar and rochelle salt --- create an electrical charge differential in response to an applied mechanical load. If provided conductive polar pathways and not allowed to short circuit, this charge can induce voltage usable as electricity.

At this point, the technology has been deployed only in fairly unsophisticated applications. The smokers amongst you are familiar with slick single-click lighters, the one-button dealies lacking a circular flint strike. Those utilize piezoelectricity, transferring your thumb's point load to ratchet mechanism which strikes a quartz crystal to induce current across a tiny gap, creating an arc to ignite the gas.

Fade to clubs powered by the revelry inside them,

roads that recapture the energy expended in locomotion, containers gleaning power from the pressure of the substance stored inside...The opportunities are endless, end endlessly exciting.

Wind Power 2.0

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 10 Aug 2007 17:33:00 +0000

Wind turbines have long had a place in the exurbs of California---what would the drive down the 5 be without white blades spinning in the hills? Inclusion of wind turbines in new skyscraper designs from Bahrain to San Francisco seems to indicate a sea change in progress: wind power is being re-contextualized, coming out of hiding in the rural periphery for integration into the urban fabric.

Along with increased interest comes exciting new technology. Take, for example, maglev wind turbines, just now transitioning from concept to reality. These turbines replace the mechanical connection between rotor and stator with a passive magnetic levitation scheme, usually utilizing the halbach array (a super-slick arrangement of magnets which cancels the magnetic field on one side of the array and amplifies it on the other side, all without electromagnetic input). This bearing-free design allows all of the wind's mechanical potential to be harnessed for conversion to electrical current, instead of a significant percentage re-radiating into the troposphere as friction-produced heat. These turbines are still limited by the efficiency of the impulse turbine (theoretically recovering ≤60% of the kinetic energy incident upon it).

Combine this technology with David Fisher/Dynamic Architecture's inclusion of horizontal wind turbines between each floor of a highrise and you have a perfectly inhabitable power plant which could pump hundreds of megawatt-hours back into the grid.

Added bonus: abatement of the urban wind tunnel effect all downtown inhabitants rue on the daily.

Steel Ceiling Rises over San Francisco

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 08 Aug 2007 22:41:00 +0000

The results of the international Transbay design competition were released today. The site in question is on the corner of First and Mission in San Francisco, only one block from Market in an area quickly redeveloping into a mixed use district rich in high density housing. As the entitlement to this site promises to make it the tallest building on the west coast (between 1200' and 1400', Transamerica Pyramid tops off at 854'), and its zoning allows for intermodal transit center, retail, commercial, residential and hotel uses all in the same development, this is one of the highest-profile projects in American highrise design today.

Designs:

1. César Pelli (shown) - "Our Transbay Tower is a slender, graceful and beautiful icon. It is a simple and eternal form, like an obelisk, marking the location of the Transit Center against the San Francisco sky. At its base is Mission Square, a grand public space sheltered under a flowing glass and steel canopy, that forms the ceremonial entrance to the Transit Center. The timeless form of the Tower balances the richness of design of the Transit Center. The perimeter structure of the Center is sculpted like branches of a tree, covered with glass that waves like the petals of a flower."

2. Richard Rogers - "The transparent, multi-use, 82-story Transbay Tower will define the city's skyline for decades. While the elegant tower will rise 1,000 feet into the sky, it will be dramatically set back at street level to create a large, welcoming public plaza. Crowned with a visually striking, working wind turbine that will create useable energy, the progressive green-design will be a model of environmentally sound, energy efficient sustainability."

3. Skidmore, Owings and Merrill - "SOM’s Transbay Transit Terminal and Tower represent the highest level of environmental stewardship ever achieved in a major urban mixed-use project. The project’s combined reduction in emissions, over a conventional design, will be over 176,000,000 pounds of carbon dioxide over a ten-year period. The Transit Center will achieve LEED Platinum and the Tower LEED Gold and possibly Platinum. Both are designed to the highest levels of safety and security which will allow it to withstand a “2,500 year” earthquake and other security concerns. The project harvests rainwater, reducing the burden on the city’s infrastructure. The project makes extensive use of natural ventilation and natural light contributing to dramatic reductions in energy by harvesting solar and wind power."

-<>-

The Pelli design is 100% disappointing. An impenetrable modernist monolith with standard rectilinear frame? BOOoooo-ring. Simple selection of a circular plan does not an interesting building make.

Richard Rogers makes some very nice moves --- his exposed truss towers turn function into form, celebrating structure in a way I very much approve of. The color of the exposed metal ties this tower to the Golden Gate Bridge, while unadulterated industrial aesthetic starts a dialog with Sutro Tower. And those enormous turbines at the top? Dead sexy.

...Not as sexy as the SOM submittal, however. While designs coming from the largest, most corporate architecture firm in the country are generally uninspired pieces lacking fine details, they seem to have pulled this one together into a gorgeous and sustainable package.

The structural diagrid which supports this building is a very efficient use of steel. Such construction saves upwards of 1/3 the metal which would be required for a conventional rectilinear grid (say Pelli's proposal, above). This diagrid isn't static, though --- as the loads mellow near the top of the building, the steel's rhythm calms to match, creating a beautifully lyrical forced perspective. From base to top, the tower undergoes a torsional transformation wherein parts of the east and west street facades twist 90 degrees, making the tower actively slim from base to top. The building utilizes wind and photovoltaic power generators, and stack-assisted passive cooling to reduce HVAC dependency. Yum.

Open Access Airwaves

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 01 Aug 2007 22:34:00 +0000

The Federal Communications Commission finally announced their plans for the 700MHz band...and it is *gasp* somewhat good news.

For those of you who haven't been following, the last analog television broadcasts will cease on February 17, 2009; at that point, the 698-806MHz radio frequency spectrum will be completely open and up for grabs. In their Public Policy Blog, Google advocates open applications, open devices, open services, and open networks in the 700MHz band, all of which the socialist within me agrees are completely necessary. This is the information age -- why create anything less than a consumer paradise in which any device operating on a particular frequency will have open access to all information and infrastructure available on said frequency?

In a rare instance of sound decision making, the FCC is listening to Google (and yours truly), demanding that "the upper 700MHz band C block of spectrum will be required to provide a platform that is...open to devices and applications," allowing at least some part of aforementioned consumer paradise to be made a reality. The catches? Services and networks aren't required to be open, and only 12 licenses will be created for operating in that range. To whom these 12 licensees are eventually granted will decide the fate of open source utopia.

Holes in your Granny Smith

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 27 Jul 2007 22:01:00 +0000

On July 20, the new national EnergyStar standards went into effect. These standards are, as expected, more stringent than the last set. They "are expected to save consumers and businesses more than $1.8 billion in energy costs over the next 5 years and prevent greenhouse gas emissions equal to the annual emissions of 2.7 million vehicles."

This is fantastic! As with the recent proposal to strengthen the CAFE Standards for the first time in 30 years, America seems to be regulating its way closer to carbon sustainability. This is change that is undeniably worthwhile, independent of the corporate expenditures needed to make it happen.

I'll give you one chance to guess what major computer manufacturer is blantantly disregarding the new conservation rules...think hard...you guessed it! Our good friend Apple computer. Not a single product in their lineup meets the new standards, though they knew months ago that this change was coming (Acer, Gateway, Lenovo, Toshiba get green points for taking heed).

iPhone Power Pwn

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 10 Jul 2007 17:25:00 +0000

Years ago, the iPod brand spearheaded an industry-wide move toward planned obsolescence with the introduction of rapid-discharge devices sans consumer-serviceable batteries. While Apple claimed this move would improve post-consumer waste management by ensuring proper disposal of heavy metal laden batteries, it in fact worsened the situation as people discarded the entire device instead of just swapping out a dead battery.

Now Apple delivers another fantastic money-grabbing mobile power ruse: iPhone batteries that are replaceable, but only at a price. Consumers will be forced to "submit their iPhone to Apple for battery service. The service will cost users $79, plus $6.95 for shipping, and will take three business days" to complete, during which time the consumer has the option of paying almost that much again for use of a rental phone. Do you really think people will do it? Or will they just re-invest in a shiny new iPhone Nano, conveniently set for release around the time iPhone batteries will begin to expire en masse...

Here are three great technologies Apple should fund, technologies which might actually reduce their iWaste quotient, not just boost the bottom line:

Stick in to the sun, Steve. Follow in the footsteps of Chinese technology manufacturer Hi-Tech Wealth, which recently released a solar-powered cell phone. Personally, I think that the iPhone's glossy top surface would be elegantly restated by a glass+photovoltaic laminate bottom, lending a textural unity to the whole (and denecessitating the strangely out-of-context rubber bum/antenna cover, as silicon and glass don't interfere with RF communications nearly as significantly as metal).
Give it a sweet tooth. Almost five years ago, Scientific American reported on "a primitive microbial fuel cell that can convert simple sugars into electricity with 81 percent efficiency." In the years intervening, the technology has produced tiny power sources which run "on glucose, flat sodas, sweetened drink mixes and tree sap," are completely biodegradable and expel water as their only waste. Best use for the unavoidable teaspoon of post-drink backwash EVAR!
Make it shakeable. A newly announced "sugar-cube-sized electric generator that feeds on environmental vibrations [converts] 30% of environmental kinetic energy into electrical power." Though it doesn't provide enough current to power today's mobile phones, when coupled with the trend toward ever lower device wattages, this technology could make such a dance-fueled device feasible in the near future. Finally, something for all of those Apple models to really flail about!

Symbolic Binary Silence

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 26 Jun 2007 22:00:00 +0000

If you're like me, the discovery of internet radio was a truly revelatory experience. I recall the first time I surfed my way to pandora.com, created a station and listened to new music streamed directly to my eardrums --- pure euphoria. You mean I need not be subjugated by the mediocre musical tastes of the masses? I don't have to listen to overtly open-ended advertisements every ten minutes for five? A genre whore like myself can desire unadulterated glitch core and actually MAKE A STATION THAT WILL PROVIDE ME JUST THAT? OMGz!!!1!11!!

That euphoria has been replaced with an equal measure of existential dismay at the potential demise of internet radio. It appears a few stodgy retired judges with a sadly outmoded understanding of the way radio works want stations to pay $500 per "station" in administrative fees as well as per-song and per-user fees. For many excellent small-scale indie stations, this is completely absurd:

"'For us, the royalties went from $20,000 to $600,000 per year,' said Rusty Hodge [operator of] SomaFM [a local San Francisco station based in the] Mission District. 'That's about three times the total income we made in 2006. We're not getting rich off of this.'" Even larger companies like Oakland-based pandora.com might have problems coughing up the "$1.15 billion per year [exacted by] the administrative fee alone."

So, if you have the time or the means, drop by savenetradio.org and donate or call your congressional representative. Understand that today's day of radio silence is only a taste of what is to come after July 15.