















<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>404 Error - AOPA</title>

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
        <meta name="title" content="404 Error" />
            <meta name="robots" content="noindex, nofollow">
                <meta name="pagetype" content="WebPage" />
        <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX -->
        <meta property="og:title" content="404 Error" />
    <!-- END NOINDEX -->
        <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.aopa.org/404-error" />
                        <meta name="twitter:title" content="404 Error" />
            <meta name="twitter:site" content="@aopa" />
                    <meta name="dcterms.title" content="404 Error" />
            <meta name="dcterms.date" content="08-03-2016" />
    <meta name="dcterms.type" content="Text" />
    <meta name="dcterms.format" content="text/html" />
        <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.aopa.org/404-error" />
        <link href="/bundles/styles/aopa/site-refresh.css?v=T0r04LzIrALTzapNKAX5M2MlvsO9spUw3KUBBuMXqoU1" rel="stylesheet"/>

    <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyAG8N_LwwgDsaSGQjSoluB6cyy0AyyASP0&libraries=places"></script>
    <script src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/"></script>
    <script src="/js/aopa/sfprogressbar/sfprogressbar.js"></script>

        <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.aopa.org/404-error" />
    <script>
            var Aopa = {
                AIRPORTS_API_URL: "https://webapp.aopa.org/AirportsAPI",
                GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: "AIzaSyDZDcKf_bdy492OuqusX-rrFLGGIgERPeI",
                AERIUM_API_URL: "https://webapp.aopa.org/aerium"
            };
    </script>

    
        <style>
			    body { margin: 0; padding: 0; background: #f9f8f8; color: #383838; font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif; width: 100%; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 500; }
*, *:after, *:before { box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -ms-box-sizing: border-box; }
*:focus { outline: none!important; }
.container { max-width: 1260px; width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 30px; }
.d-flex { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: -webkit-flex; display: flex; }
.align-item-end { -webkit-box-align: end; -ms-flex-align: end; -webkit-align-items: flex-end; align-items: flex-end; }
.justify-space-between { -webkit-box-pack: justify; -ms-flex-pack: justify; -webkit-justify-content: space-between; justify-content: space-between; }

.banner { background-color: #f9f8f8; padding: 38px 0 75px; }
.banner-img { padding-right: 40px; }
.banner-img img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
.banner h1 { font-weight: 300; font-size: 76px; margin: 0; }
.banner p { font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px; color: #383838; margin: 26px 0 0; font-weight: 400; }
.banner p.mt-0 { margin-top: 11px; }
.banner p.mt-50 { margin-top: 54px; }
.banner ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.banner ul li { margin-top: 19px; }
.banner ul a { color: #00a3e0; font-size: 17px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.banner ul a:hover { color: #383838; }
.banner-content { margin-right: 83px; max-width: 500px; width: 100%; }




@media screen and (max-width: 1199px) {
    .banner-content { margin-right: 0; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 991px) {
    .banner-content { max-width: 380px; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {
    .d-flex { -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -ms-flex-direction: column; -webkit-flex-direction: column; flex-direction: column;}
    .banner { padding: 30px 0; }
    .banner-img { padding-right: 0; width: 100%; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 40px; }
    .banner-img img { display: inline-block; }
    .banner-content { max-width: 100%; }
    .banner h1 { font-size: 50px; }
    .banner p { font-size: 14px; margin-top: 15px; line-height: 22px; }
    .banner p.mt-50 { margin-top: 30px; }
    .banner ul li { margin-top: 10px; }
    .banner ul a { font-size: 14px; }
}
        </style>
        <script type="text/javascript">
			    
        </script>
    <!-- global UTM tracker -->
<script>
/**
 * AOPA UTM Attribution - Global Snippet
 * It captures UTM params on arrival and manages the localStorage store.
 */
(function () {
    var STORAGE_KEY = 'aopa_utm_attribution';
    var TTL_DAYS    = 30;
    var TTL_MS      = TTL_DAYS * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;

    // If 'Term' is present in the URL, we're mid-SPA conversion flow.
    // Don't capture or modify anything - leave existing store untouched.
    var _checkParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
    if (_checkParams.get('Term') !== null) return;

    function getStore() {
        try {
            var raw = localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);
            return raw ? JSON.parse(raw) : null;
        } catch (e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
    function saveStore(store) {
        try {
            localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(store));
        } catch (e) {}
    }
    function clearStore() {
        try {
            localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY);
        } catch (e) {}
    }
    function getUTMsFromURL() {
        var params = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
        var utms = {
            utm_source:   params.get('utm_source')   || null,
            utm_medium:   params.get('utm_medium')   || null,
            utm_campaign: params.get('utm_campaign') || null,
            utm_term:     params.get('utm_term')     || null,
            utm_content:  params.get('utm_content')  || null,
            utm_keycode:  params.get('keycode')      || null,
        };
        var hasAny = Object.values(utms).some(function (v) { return v !== null; });
        return hasAny ? utms : null;
    }
    function getReferrer() {
        var ref = document.referrer;
        if (!ref) return null;
        // Strip referrer if it's aopa.org itself - internal navigation isn't useful
        try {
            var host = new URL(ref).hostname;
            if (host === 'www.aopa.org' || host === 'aopa.org' || host.endsWith('.aopa.org')) return null;
        } catch (e) {}
        return ref;
    }
    function isExpired(store) {
        if (!store || !store.captured_at) return true;
        return (Date.now() - store.captured_at) > TTL_MS;
    }
    // --- Main logic ---
    var store       = getStore();
    var inboundUTMs = getUTMsFromURL();
    var referrer    = getReferrer();
    // Only treat inbound UTMs as valid if the user arrived from outside aopa.org.
    // getReferrer() returns null for internal navigation, so a non-null referrer
    // (or no referrer at all, i.e. direct) combined with UTM params means a genuine
    // external visit. An internal CTA that appends UTMs will have an aopa.org referrer
    // and getReferrer() will return null - so we ignore those UTMs entirely.
    var isExternalArrival = (document.referrer === '' || referrer !== null);
    if (inboundUTMs && isExternalArrival) {
        // Genuine external arrival with UTMs - store or supersede
        store = {
            utm_params:  inboundUTMs,
            referrer:    referrer,
            goals_met:   {},
            captured_at: Date.now()
        };
        saveStore(store);
    } else if (inboundUTMs && !isExternalArrival) {
        // UTMs present but referrer is internal - internal CTA, ignore completely
        // Leave existing store untouched
    } else if (store) {
        if (isExpired(store)) {
            clearStore();
        }
        // Otherwise leave existing store alone
    } else {
        // No UTMs, no existing store - capture referrer only so unattributed
        // conversions still have some signal
        var ref = referrer;
        if (ref) {
            store = {
                utm_params:  null,
                referrer:    ref,
                goals_met:   {},
                captured_at: Date.now()
            };
            saveStore(store);
        }
    }
})();

</script>

<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="E4D8C5B11840FBA3553CA1DED804399A" />
<script type="application/ld+json">
{"@context" : "https://schema.org","@type" : "WebSite","name" : "Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)","alternateName" : "AOPA","url" : "https://www.aopa.org/","potentialAction":{"@type": "SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.aopa.org/search#q{search_term_string}&sort=relevancy"},"query-input": "required name=search_term_string"}}
</script>


<!-- <head> section GTM Code -->
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TZM532');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<!-- /<head> section GTM Code -->

<script defer data-domain="aopa.org" src="https://plausible.io/js/script.file-downloads.hash.outbound-links.pageview-props.tagged-events.js"></script>
<script>window.plausible = window.plausible || function() { (window.plausible.q = window.plausible.q || []).push(arguments) }</script>


<script>
!function(){const e="\n        body:not(.in-sitecore) .jhGated {\n            display: none !important;\n        }\n        body.fonzie:not(.in-sitecore) .jhGate {\n            display: none !important;\n        }\n        body.fonzie:not(.in-sitecore) .jhGated {\n            display: inline-block !important;\n        }\n    ",t=document.createElement("style");t.type="text/css",t.styleSheet?t.styleSheet.cssText=e:t.appendChild(document.createTextNode(e)),document.head.appendChild(t)}();const userLevels={none:0,webuser:1,member:2,pps:3};function getCookieValue(e){const t=document.cookie.split(";");for(let n=0;n<t.length;n++){const s=t[n].trim();if(s.startsWith(e+"="))return decodeURIComponent(s.substring(e.length+1))}return null}function isCookieExpired(e){const t=new Date;return new Date(e)<t}function getUserStatus(){const e=getCookieValue("Ticket");if(!e)return"none";const t=e.match(/expires&([^&]*)/),n=t?t[1]:null,s=e.indexOf("&aces&");if(-1===s)return"webuser";const o=e.indexOf("&",s+6),i=e.substring(s+6,-1!==o?o:e.length).split("*");return i.some((e=>e.startsWith("pps,")))?n&&isCookieExpired(n)?"expired":"pps":i.some((e=>e.startsWith("member,")))?n&&isCookieExpired(n)?"expired":"member":"webuser"}document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",(()=>{const e=getUserStatus();document.querySelectorAll(".jhGated").forEach((t=>{const n=t.getAttribute("data-user-level")||"member";userLevels[e]<userLevels[n]?t.remove():t.style.display="inline-block"})),userLevels[e]>=userLevels.member&&document.body.classList.add("fonzie")}));
</script>

<style>

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1110px) {
    #mobileDrawer {
        max-height: 60vh!important;
        overflow-y: scroll!important;
    }
}


/* unstickify the nav in EE */
body.in-sitecore .js-refresh-nav.sticky-header {
    position: relative!important;
    z-index: 1!important;
}

/* Experimental removal of the utility nav going away on scroll */
.sticky-header .header__links {
    overflow: visible !important;
    height: 40px!important;
}


/* Adding a little guy to the My Account link in Utility Nav */
.utility-wrapper a[href="/account/aopaaccount"] {
   font-weight: 600;
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 17px;
}

.utility-wrapper a[href="/account/aopaaccount"]:before {
 content: url("https://download.aopa.org/web/user-icon.svg");
display: inline-block;
  width: 12px;
  height: 10px;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 2px;
    opacity: 0.7;
}









    .hp-hero h3 {
        bottom: 6px!important;
    }




.js-dropdown--open {
    position: absolute;
    display: block
}
 
@media(max-width: 1530px) {
    .secondary-nav li:nth-of-type(3) .js-dropdown--open {
        right:0;
    }
}


.aircraftDetailLead a[href="https://www.aopa.org/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/buying-an-aircraft/vref-aircraft-valuation"] {
    display: none!important;
}

.masonry__lightbox {
    z-index: 99999!important;
}

.image-zoomable__zoom.js-image-zoomable__zoom--out  {
    top: 0!important;
    right: 20px!important;
    bottom: auto!important;
}

.image-zoomable__bigimg {
    z-index: 99999!important;
}

.image-zoomable:not(.is-zoomed) .image-zoomable__bigimg {
    width:0!important;
}

.alert--notice,
.alert alert--notice {
    background-color: #f2c762;
    color: #493903!important;
}

.alert--notice .alert__icon svg {
    fill: #493903!important;
}

.alert--notice .alert__close:hover {
    background-color: #493903!important;
}

.alert--notice .alert__text a {
    color: #493903!important;
}


body.in-sitecore .js-refresh-nav.sticky-header {
    display: none!important;
}

#mobileDrawer {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 90;
}

#breitling-widget,
#breitling-watch-face,
#closebutton {
    z-index: 80!important;
}



.header__nav-main-list {
    background: #ffffff;
}

</style>



<script>





		var globalVariables = {
			pps_member_count: "70,000",
		};

		function aopaGlobalVars( img, reqVar ){
			/* 
			this function is triggered by an intentional image-load failure 
			as the DOM renders image onerror handler requests this function, 
			along with the variable that it wants from the following object.
			It then swaps out the .textContent of the failed image's parent
			with this new value
			
			Usage example: 
			
			<img src="nope" style="display:none;" onerror="aopaGlobalVars(this, 'variable_name_from_object');">
			*/
			
			if ( val = globalVariables[reqVar]) img.parentNode.textContent = val;
			return true;
		}

              function aopaGlobalVarsValue( reqVar ) {
                       if ( val = globalVariables[reqVar]) return val;
              }





	</script>


<style>

    html, body {
        height: initial!important;
        min-height: 100vh!important;
    }

</style>


<script>

// Central helpers
function setCookie(name, value, days, opts) {
  var d = new Date();
  d.setTime(d.getTime() + (days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
  var parts = [
    name + "=" + value,
    "expires=" + d.toUTCString(),
    "path=/",
    "SameSite=Lax"
  ];
  if (opts && opts.domain) parts.push("domain=" + opts.domain);
  if (opts && opts.secure) parts.push("Secure");
  document.cookie = parts.join(";");
}

function getCookie(name) {
  var m = document.cookie.match(new RegExp("(?:^|; )" + name.replace(/([.$?*|{}()[\]\\/+^])/g, '\\$1') + "=([^;]*)"));
  return m ? m[1] : null;
}

function deleteCookie(name, opts) {
  var parts = [name + "=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT", "path=/", "SameSite=Lax"];
  if (opts && opts.domain) parts.push("domain=" + opts.domain);
  document.cookie = parts.join(";");
}

/**
 * Save current URL and an optional lightweight payload for the thank-you page.
 * @param {number} daysValid - cookie lifetime in days
 * @param {object} payload   - small JSON-safe object, e.g. { message, ctaText, ctaHref, refTitle, imageUrl }
 * @param {object} opts      - { domain: ".aopa.org", secure: true }
 */
function globalSetPostRedirect(daysValid = 1, payload = null, opts = {}) {
  var data = {
    url: window.location.href,
    ts: Date.now(),
    payload: payload || null
  };

  // Encode JSON compactly and safely for cookie storage
  var encoded = encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(data));

  // Cheap guardrail for cookie size. Trim payload if you must.
  if (encoded.length > 3500) {
    console.warn("PostRedirect cookie payload is getting chunky. Trim it under ~3.5KB.");
  }

  setCookie("PostRedirect", encoded, daysValid, opts);
}

/** Retrieve parsed data: { url, ts, payload } or null */
function getPostRedirectData() {
  var raw = getCookie("PostRedirect");
  if (!raw) return null;
  try {
    return JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent(raw));
  } catch (_) {
    return null;
  }
}

/** Use once then clear, to avoid weird loops */
function consumePostRedirect(opts = {}) {
  var data = getPostRedirectData();
  deleteCookie("PostRedirect", opts);
  return data;
}

</script>








    
<script data-ad-client="ca-pub-9197809393164564" async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript">
var googletag = googletag || {};
  googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];

  var topLeaderboard, middleLeaderboard, bottomLeaderboard, rectangle1, rectangle2, rectangle3,
    mobileLeaderboard, adhesion, mobileRectangle1, mobileRectangle2, mobileRectangle3, mobileRectangle4,
    overlay, outstream, widgetRectangle, inlineRectangle1, inlineRectangle2, inlineRectangle3, takeover1, takeover2;

  var isMobile = /iPhone|iPod|BlackBerry|Opera Mini|(android|bb\d+|meego).+mobile/i.test(navigator.userAgent) && screen.width < 720;
console.log('isMobile: '+isMobile);

  googletag.cmd.push(function() {
    pushdownSizes = [[970, 90], [970, 250]];
    leaderboardSizes = [[728, 90], []];
    rectangleSizes = [[300, 250], [300, 600]];
    mobileLeaderboardSizes = [[320, 100], []];
    mobileRectangleSizes = [[300, 250], []];
    adhesionSizes = [[320, 50], [300, 50]];
    takeoverSizes = [[2400, 1282], [1, 1]];
    takeover2Sizes = [[1240, 158], [1, 1]];

    pushdownMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([960, 720], pushdownSizes)
        .addSize([0, 0], [])
        .build();

    leaderboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([768, 400], [728, 90], leaderboardSizes)
        .addSize([0, 0], [])
        .build();

    rectangleMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([960, 720], rectangleSizes)
        .addSize([768, 400], [300, 250])
        .addSize([0, 0], [])
        .build();

    mobileLeaderboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([0, 0], mobileLeaderboardSizes)
        .addSize([768, 400], [])
        .build();

    mobileRectangleMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([0, 0], mobileRectangleSizes)
        .addSize([768, 400], [])
        .build();

    adhesionMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize([0, 0], adhesionSizes)
        .addSize([768, 400], [])
        .build();
       
    takeoverMapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize(takeoverSizes)
        .addSize([2400, 1282], [1, 1])
        .build();

    takeover2Mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
        .addSize(takeover2Sizes)
        .addSize([1240, 158], [1, 1])
        .build();

    if (!isMobile) {
          topLeaderboard = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/leaderboard",
              pushdownSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(pushdownMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          middleLeaderboard = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/leaderboard",
              leaderboardSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-middle"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(leaderboardMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-middle'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['2'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          middleLeaderboard2 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/leaderboard",
              leaderboardSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-middle2"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(leaderboardMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-middle2'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['3'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          bottomLeaderboard = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/leaderboard",
              leaderboardSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(leaderboardMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-bottom'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['4'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          rectangle1 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/rectangle",
              rectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(rectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          rectangle2 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/rectangle",
              rectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(rectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['2'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          rectangle3 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/rectangle",
              rectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(rectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['3'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());

           inlineRectangle1 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/rectangle", [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['4'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());

          inlineRectangle2 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/rectangle", [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-2')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-2'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['5'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());

          inlineRectangle3 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/rectangle", [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-3')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-3'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['6'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());  

          takeover1 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/background_takeover", [[2400, 1282], [1, 1]], 'div-gpt-ad-takeover-1')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-takeover-1'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());  

          takeover2 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/background_takeover2", [[1240, 158], [1, 1]], 'div-gpt-ad-takeover-2')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-takeover-2'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads()); 
        }

        if (isMobile) {
          mobileLeaderboard = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/mobile_leaderboard",
              mobileLeaderboardSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-mobile"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(mobileLeaderboardMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-mobile'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          adhesion = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/adhesion",
              adhesionSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-adhesion"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(adhesionMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-adhesion'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['2'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          mobileRectangle1 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/mobile_rectangle",
              mobileRectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-1"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(mobileRectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-1'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['1'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          mobileRectangle2 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/mobile_rectangle",
              mobileRectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-2"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(mobileRectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-2'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['2'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          mobileRectangle3 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/mobile_rectangle",
              mobileRectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-3"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(mobileRectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-3'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['3'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());
          mobileRectangle4 = googletag
            .defineSlot(
              "/21794231495/news/mobile_rectangle",
              mobileRectangleSizes,
              "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-4"
            )
            .defineSizeMapping(mobileRectangleMapping)
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-4'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['4'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());

            takeover1 = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/news/background_takeover", [[2400, 1282], [1, 1]], 'div-gpt-ad-takeover-1')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-takeover-1'])
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            .addService(googletag.pubads());  

            takeover2 = googletag
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            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-takeover-2'])
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        }

        widgetRectangle = googletag
            .defineSlot("/21794231495/widget", [300, 500], 'div-gpt-ad-1555436956123-0')
            .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-1555436956123-0'])
            .setTargeting('pos', ['4'])
            .addService(googletag.pubads());

        overlay = googletag
          .defineOutOfPageSlot("/21794231495/news/oop", "div-gpt-ad-oop")
          .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-oop'])
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          .defineOutOfPageSlot("/21794231495/news/outstream", "div-gpt-ad-outstream")
          .setTargeting('div_id', ['div-gpt-ad-outstream'])
          .setTargeting('pos', ['5'])
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.setTargeting('subsection2','')

.setTargeting('topic',[])
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.setTargeting('ps.homeairport','')

.setTargeting('pilottype','')

.setTargeting('kw','')
.setTargeting('page_type','Content Page')
.setTargeting('isprod','true')
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</script>
    

    

    <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade">
</head>

<body class="join">
    <script type='text/javascript'> author=''; topic=''; mem=''; memtype='';acttype=''; </script>
    
    <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TZM532"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
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<style>

.alert:not(.alert--notice) {
    font-size: 1.2em!important;
}
.alerts {
    display: block!important;
}


/* Hiding bookmark icon */
	div.breadcrumbs .breadcrumbs__bookmark {
		display: none!important;
	}

/* HIDING THE SHARE VIA EMAIL ICON */
.at-icon-wrapper.at-share-btn.at-svc-email {
	display: none!important;	
}

// temporary gated content styles, pending merge into master

.gated-content-upsell {
	max-width: 1200px;
	margin: 0 auto;
	padding: 0 0.625rem;
}

@media screen and (min-width: 521px) {
  .gated-content-upsell {    
	padding: 0 20px;    
	padding: 0 1.25rem;
  }
}

@media screen and (min-width: 1201px) {
  .gated-content-upsell {    
	padding: 0 0;
  }
}

.app *, .app *:after, .app *:before { 
    display: none!important; 
}
	
/* home page hero font hot-fix */
h2.hero__title,
.footer__large-link,
.footer__info strong {
	font-family: Raleway, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 759px) {

.header__burger {
    margin-left: auto;
}

    .accountpages .myaccount_sub_nav {
        flex-wrap: wrap!important;
        border-top: 1px solid #eee!important;
    }


    .accountpages .myaccount_sub_nav li {
        display: block!important;
        width: 50%!important;
        margin-bottom: 0!important;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
    }

    .accountpages .myaccount_sub_nav li:nth-child(2n) {
        border-left: 1px solid #eee!important;
    }

    .accountpages a.button {
        padding: 1em 2em!important;
        margin: 1em 0!important;
    }

    .accountpages .membership_info_fields {
        padding: 0 20px!important;
    }

    .accountpages .CCPAFooter {
        padding: 20px!important;
    }
    
}

/*add CSS from GAM*/
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-1.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-2.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-3.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-4.advertisement--old-inline{
display:block;
}
@media (min-width: 881px){
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-1.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-2.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-3.advertisement--old-inline, #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-mobile-4.advertisement--old-inline{
display:none;
}
}
/*****  ADVERTISING *****/
/* leaderboard */ 
#div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover, 
#div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top.hoverIE iframe {  
	 height: 415px !important;  transition: all 400ms ease-in-out; 
}

/* expand Right sidebar Ad */

#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover, 
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-4 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-300 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-300 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-2 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-300 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-3 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-300 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-4 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-373 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-373 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-2 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-373 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-3 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
.column-373 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-4 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1.hoverIE iframe,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2.hoverIE iframe,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3.hoverIE iframe,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1.hoverIE iframe
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-2.hoverIE iframe,
#div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-3.hoverIE iframe {
	width: 600px;
	 transform: translateX(-300px);
	transition: all 400ms ease-in-out;
		position: relative;
		z-index: 3;
}

  .column-860 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1 .expandAd250R::after {
	transform: rotate(-90deg);
	left: calc(100% - 30px);
		border-top-left-radius: 0;
	}
	.column-860 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1 .expandAd250:hover::after {
	   left: 572px;
	   transform: rotate(90deg);
	   border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
	}



/* expandAd250 inline */
@media screen and (min-width: 610px) {
  #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1 iframe[data-is-safeframe='true']:hover, 
 #div-gpt-ad-rectangle-inline-1.hoverIE iframe {
	width: 600px;
	transition: all 400ms ease-in-out;
		position: relative;
		z-index: 3;
  }
}
@media (min-width: 881px){
#div-gpt-ad-1555436956123-0 div, #div-gpt-ad-1555436956123-0 div iframe{
width:100% !important;
height:540px !important;
}
}

.intro-block__dateline{
display:flex;
height:45px;
}

.intro-block__magazinelogo svg{
width:188px;
margin-right:10px;
overflow:visible; 
fill: #878a8b;
}
.zEWidget-launcher { margin-bottom: 90px !important; }

.hp-widgets__tools .widget-content section form input{
line-height:0;
}
@media (min-width: 881px){.footer a.footer__social-link--shareaviation{display:none;}}
.footer a.footer__social-link--shareaviation{display:none;}

@media (max-width: 480px){
	.column-860 .richtext img{
		width:100% !important;
	}
}
.lounchjep { display:none; }




.pic-modal-overlay {
	height: 0%;
	overflow: hidden;
}
.pic-modal {
	display: none;
	height: 0%;
	overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

<script>
// add a sitecore class if we're in EE
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
    if (window.Sitecore && window.Sitecore.PageModes && window.Sitecore.PageModes.ChromeManager) {
        document.body.classList.add("in-sitecore");
    }
});


// Update YCF modal success address
if (window.location.href.indexOf("/training-and-safety") > 0) {
	// Excludes /cfis and /lapsed-pilots sections
	if ((window.location.href.indexOf("/cfis") == -1) && (window.location.href.indexOf("/lapsed-pilots") == -1)) {
		// In the correct site section, defer until jQuery loads
		defer(waitForYCFModal);
	} else {
		// Exit out, wrong subsection
	}
} else {
	// Exit out, wrong site section
}

// Defer again for finding YCF element, which will be instantiated by jquery
function deferYCF(method) {
	var ycfModalPresent = document.getElementById("ycf-form");
	if(ycfModalPresent) {
		// Found YCF element, call method
		method();
	} else {
		// Defer YCF tick
		setTimeout(function() { deferYCF(method) }, 250);
	}
}
function waitForYCFModal () {
	deferYCF(updateYCFModal);
}

function updateYCFModal() {
		document.getElementById("YCFSpecialEdForm").elements["_successURL"].value = "https://www.aopa.org/External-Redirects-and-Vanity-URLs/You-Can-Fly/Special-Edition-Nxtbook-redirect";
}

</script>

<style>
.coveo-facet-breadcrumb-clear {
	position: relative;
}
.coveo-facet-breadcrumb-value {
	background-color: #e6e6e6 !important;
}
</style>

<script>
function setCookie(name,value,days) {
	var expires = "";
	if (days) {
		var date = new Date();
		date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days*24*60*60*1000));
		expires = "; expires=" + date.toUTCString();
	}
	document.cookie = name + "=" + (value || "")  + expires + "; path=/";
}

setCookie('aopaYCF-special','true',7);
</script>

    <!-- BEGIN NOINDEX -->
        <!-- Advertisement -->
        <div class="advertisement">
            <div class="l-wrapper">
                <div class="l-column">
                    <div id="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top">
  <script>
      if (!isMobile) {
        googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-top');googletag.pubads().refresh([topLeaderboard]);});
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  </script>
</div>

<div id="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-mobile">
    <script>
        if (isMobile) {
            googletag.cmd.push(function() {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-leaderboard-mobile');googletag.pubads().refresh([mobileLeaderboard]);});
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    </script>
  </div>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>


    
    
    

    
    	<div class="alerts">
				<div class="alert alert--notice">
					<div class="l-wrapper">
						
						<div class="alert__icon">
							<svg><use xlink:href="/dist/assets/svg-sprite.svg#membership"></use></svg>
						</div>
                        <div class="alert__text">
                            Get extra lift from AOPA. Start your free membership trial today!
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                        </div>
                        <div class="alert__close" data="d55a607a-f3a5-4b80-b340-48de2eff1b36" >
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				</div>
			</div>
	</div>

    

    
<nav class="js-refresh-nav">
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    <header class="header" id="header" style="top: -177px">
      <div class="header__links">
        <div class="l-wrapper">
          <div class="l-column">
            <ul class="utility-wrapper">
                <li>
    <a class="single-link" title="AOPA Foundation" href="https://foundation.aopa.org/" target="|Custom">AOPA Foundation</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a class="single-link" href="https://webforms.aopa.org/give/756164/#!/donation/checkout">Donate</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a class="single-link" href="https://www.aopa.org/login">LOGIN</a>
  </li>

                <li>
    <a class="user-status-link" href="https://www.aopa.org/account/multipagejoin?pid=517757842&amp;keycode=M2007W01">Join Now</a>
  </li>

            </ul>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="l-wrapper main-nav-links">
            <div class="header__logo--sticky">
        <a href="/" aria-label="AOPA home">
            <img src="/-/media/Images/AOPA-Main/AOPA-Special-Use-Logo_Wings-Only.png?h=22&amp;iar=0&amp;w=112&amp;hash=621EA0995F83A5CFCE32103196C46772" alt="AOPA" width="112" height="22" />
        </a>
    </div>
<div class="header__aopa-links">
  <ul class="secondary-nav">
        <li class="secondary-item">
          <button type="button" class="js-dropdownBtn secondary-nav__btn">
            Products &amp; Discounts
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                 viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                 fill="none"
                 stroke="currentColor"
                 stroke-width="2"
                 class="feather feather-chevron-down dropdown-arrow">
              <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
            </svg>
          </button>
          <ul class="secondary-dropdown hidden">
            <li>
              <div class="dropdown-menu__dropdown">
                <div class="col-left">
                  <p class="col-left__title">Products &amp; Discounts</p>
                </div>
                <div class="col-right">
<a class="col-right__links" href="/membership/member-offers">Member Discounts</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/membership/products-and-discounts">AOPA Products &amp; Savings</a>                </div>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="secondary-item">
          <button type="button" class="js-dropdownBtn secondary-nav__btn">
            Medical, Licensing &amp; Career
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                 viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                 fill="none"
                 stroke="currentColor"
                 stroke-width="2"
                 class="feather feather-chevron-down dropdown-arrow">
              <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
            </svg>
          </button>
          <ul class="secondary-dropdown hidden">
            <li>
              <div class="dropdown-menu__dropdown">
                <div class="col-left">
                  <p class="col-left__title">Medical, Licensing &amp; Career</p>
                </div>
                <div class="col-right">
<a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/medical-resources">Medical Resources</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://basicmedicalcourse.aopa.org/client/app.html#/auth/logon?renewalType=NEW">BasicMed</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://www.aopa.org/training-and-safety/cfis/flight-instructor-resources/cfi-renewal">CFI Renewal (eFIRC)</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/pic">Pilot Information Center</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/training-and-safety/career">Career Pilots</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/hr/aviation-job-postings">Aviation Job Board</a>                </div>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="secondary-item">
          <button type="button" class="js-dropdownBtn secondary-nav__btn">
            Aircraft &amp; Ownership
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                 viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                 fill="none"
                 stroke="currentColor"
                 stroke-width="2"
                 class="feather feather-chevron-down dropdown-arrow">
              <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
            </svg>
          </button>
          <ul class="secondary-dropdown hidden">
            <li>
              <div class="dropdown-menu__dropdown">
                <div class="col-left">
                  <p class="col-left__title">Aircraft &amp; Ownership</p>
                </div>
                <div class="col-right">
<a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership" target="|Custom">Aircraft &amp; Ownership</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/aircraft-guide">Aircraft Guide</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://finance.aopa.org/">AOPA Finance</a><a class="col-right__links" title="Aircraft Valuation" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/buying-an-aircraft/aircraft-valuation">Aircraft Valuation</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://youcanfly.aopa.org/flying-clubs/flying-club-finder#t=tagFlyingClubs&amp;sort=%40aopaufbusinessname%20ascending">Flying Club Finder</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/aopa-partners/assuredpartners-aerospace">Insurance</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/operating-costs-calculator">Operating Costs Calculator</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/buying-an-aircraft">Buying an Aircraft</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/go-fly/aircraft-and-ownership/selling-an-aircraft">Selling an Aircraft</a>                </div>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li class="secondary-item">
          <button type="button" class="js-dropdownBtn secondary-nav__btn">
            About AOPA
            <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
                 viewBox="0 0 24 24"
                 fill="none"
                 stroke="currentColor"
                 stroke-width="2"
                 class="feather feather-chevron-down dropdown-arrow">
              <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9"></polyline>
            </svg>
          </button>
          <ul class="secondary-dropdown hidden">
            <li>
              <div class="dropdown-menu__dropdown">
                <div class="col-left">
                  <p class="col-left__title">About AOPA</p>
                </div>
                <div class="col-right">
<a class="col-right__links" href="/about" target="|Custom">About AOPA</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/advertising" target="|Custom">Advertising</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://iaopa.aopa.org/" target="|Custom">AOPA International</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/aopa-partners" target="|Custom">AOPA Partners</a><a class="col-right__links" href="https://www.flightoutfitters.com/aopa/">AOPA Merchandise</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/contact-aopa" target="|Custom">Contact AOPA</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/governance" target="|Custom">Governance</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/hr" target="|Custom">Join the AOPA Team</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/media-room" target="|Custom">Media Room</a><a class="col-right__links" href="/about/mission-vision-and-values" target="|Custom">Mission, Vision and Values</a>                </div>
              </div>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </li>
    <li class="header__search">
      ﻿    <button id="search-btn" type="button">
      <svg viewBox="0 0 216 146">
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>
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</body>
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