<!DOCTYPE html><html class="no-js" lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#" bdids="tkh83"><head bdids="kl9px"><meta charset="UTF-8" ifgf="0xmkp"/><script type="text/javascript" 1b7q="p4ya5" fcevf="3worg">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"64431d5147",applicationID:"436142611"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(e,n,t){function r(t){if(!n[t]){var i=n[t]={exports:{}};e[t][0].call(i.exports,function(n){var i=e[t][1][n];return r(i||n)},i,i.exports)}return n[t].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var i=0;i<t.length;i++)r(t[i]);return r}({1:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function i(e,n,t){return function(){return o(e,[u.now()].concat(f(arguments)),n?null:this,t),n?void 0:this}}var o=e("handle"),a=e(4),f=e(5),c=e("ee").get("tracer"),u=e("loader"),s=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=s);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",d=l+"ixn-";a(p,function(e,n){s[n]=i(l+n,!0,"api")}),s.addPageAction=i(l+"addPageAction",!0),s.setCurrentRouteName=i(l+"routeName",!0),n.exports=newrelic,s.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(e,n){var t={},r=this,i="function"==typeof n;return o(d+"tracer",[u.now(),e,t],r),function(){if(c.emit((i?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[u.now(),r,i],t),i)try{return n.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,e],t),e}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[u.now()],t)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(e,n){m[n]=i(d+n)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(e,n){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),o("err",[e,u.now(),!1,n])}},{}],2:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=e.getEntries();t.forEach(function(e){"first-paint"===e.name?c("timing",["fp",Math.floor(e.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===e.name&&c("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(e.startTime)])})}function i(e,n){var t=e.getEntries();t.length>0&&c("lcp",[t[t.length-1]])}function o(e){if(e instanceof s&&!l){var n,t=Math.round(e.timeStamp);n=t>1e12?Date.now()-t:u.now()-t,l=!0,c("timing",["fi",t,{type:e.type,fid:n}])}}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var a,f,c=e("handle"),u=e("loader"),s=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){a=new PerformanceObserver(r),f=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{a.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]}),f.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(p){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var l=!1,d=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];d.forEach(function(e){document.addEventListener(e,o,!1)})}}},{}],3:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){if(!i)return!1;if(e!==i)return!1;if(!n)return!0;if(!o)return!1;for(var t=o.split("."),r=n.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==t[a])return!1;return!0}var i=null,o=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var f=navigator.userAgent,c=f.match(a);c&&f.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&f.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(i="Safari",o=c[1])}n.exports={agent:i,version:o,match:r}},{}],4:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n){var t=[],r="",o=0;for(r in e)i.call(e,r)&&(t[o]=n(r,e[r]),o+=1);return t}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],5:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e?e.length:0);for(var r=-1,i=t-n||0,o=Array(i<0?0:i);++r<i;)o[r]=e[n+r];return o}n.exports=r},{}],6:[function(e,n,t){n.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(e,n,t){function r(){}function i(e){function n(e){return e&&e instanceof r?e:e?c(e,f,o):o()}function t(t,r,i,o){if(!l.aborted||o){e&&e(t,r,i);for(var a=n(i),f=v(t),c=f.length,u=0;u<c;u++)f[u].apply(a,r);var p=s[y[t]];return p&&p.push([b,t,r,a]),a}}function d(e,n){h[e]=v(e).concat(n)}function m(e,n){var t=h[e];if(t)for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++)t[r]===n&&t.splice(r,1)}function v(e){return h[e]||[]}function g(e){return p[e]=p[e]||i(t)}function w(e,n){u(e,function(e,t){n=n||"feature",y[t]=n,n in s||(s[n]=[])})}var h={},y={},b={on:d,addEventListener:d,removeEventListener:m,emit:t,get:g,listeners:v,context:n,buffer:w,abort:a,aborted:!1};return b}function o(){return new r}function a(){(s.api||s.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,s=l.backlog={})}var f="nr@context",c=e("gos"),u=e(4),s={},p={},l=n.exports=i();l.backlog=s},{}],gos:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t){if(i.call(e,n))return e[n];var r=t();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(o){}return e[n]=r,r}var i=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(e,n,t){function r(e,n,t,r){i.buffer([e],r),i.emit(e,n,t)}var i=e("ee").get("handle");n.exports=r,r.ee=i},{}],id:[function(e,n,t){function r(e){var n=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:e===window?0:a(e,o,function(){return i++})}var i=1,o="nr@id",a=e("gos");n.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(e,n,t){function r(){if(!x++){var e=E.info=NREUM.info,n=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(s.abort,3e4),!(e&&e.licenseKey&&e.applicationID&&n))return s.abort();u(y,function(n,t){e[n]||(e[n]=t)}),c("mark",["onload",a()+E.offset],null,"api");var t=d.createElement("script");t.src="http://"+e.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n)}}function i(){"complete"===d.readyState&&o()}function o(){c("mark",["domContent",a()+E.offset],null,"api")}function a(){return O.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(f=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),f))-E.offset}var f=(new Date).getTime(),c=e("handle"),u=e(4),s=e("ee"),p=e(3),l=window,d=l.document,m="addEventListener",v="attachEvent",g=l.XMLHttpRequest,w=g&&g.prototype;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:l.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:l.Request,EV:l.Event,PR:l.Promise,MO:l.MutationObserver};var h=""+location,y={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-1173.min.js"},b=g&&w&&w[m]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),E=n.exports={offset:f,now:a,origin:h,features:{},xhrWrappable:b,userAgent:p};e(1),e(2),d[m]?(d[m]("DOMContentLoaded",o,!1),l[m]("load",r,!1)):(d[v]("onreadystatechange",i),l[v]("onload",r)),c("mark",["firstbyte",f],null,"api");var x=0,O=e(6)},{}],"wrap-function":[function(e,n,t){function r(e){return!(e&&e instanceof Function&&e.apply&&!e[a])}var i=e("ee"),o=e(5),a="nr@original",f=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,c=!1;n.exports=function(e,n){function t(e,n,t,i){function nrWrapper(){var r,a,f,c;try{a=this,r=o(arguments),f="function"==typeof t?t(r,a):t||{}}catch(u){l([u,"",[r,a,i],f])}s(n+"start",[r,a,i],f);try{return c=e.apply(a,r)}catch(p){throw s(n+"err",[r,a,p],f),p}finally{s(n+"end",[r,a,c],f)}}return r(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[a]=e,p(e,nrWrapper),nrWrapper)}function u(e,n,i,o){i||(i="");var a,f,c,u="-"===i.charAt(0);for(c=0;c<n.length;c++)f=n[c],a=e[f],r(a)||(e[f]=t(a,u?f+i:i,o,f))}function s(t,r,i){if(!c||n){var o=c;c=!0;try{e.emit(t,r,i,n)}catch(a){l([a,t,r,i])}c=o}}function p(e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var t=Object.keys(e);return t.forEach(function(t){Object.defineProperty(n,t,{get:function(){return e[t]},set:function(n){return e[t]=n,n}})}),n}catch(r){l([r])}for(var i in e)f.call(e,i)&&(n[i]=e[i]);return n}function l(n){try{e.emit("internal-error",n)}catch(t){}}return e||(e=i),t.inPlace=u,t.flag=a,t}},{}]},{},["loader"]);</script><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" sxky="9jjl5"/><link href="http://apantao.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,400i,700,700i,600&display=swap" p3a9="3mghm"/><link href="http://apantao.com/xmlrpc.php" rb0f="ec1r0"/><link href="http://apantao.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/144/css/autoptimize_cc97e27432e83e3ce8fb625552eff2de.css" rel="stylesheet" lpib="hmtwy"/><title nolnh="j4srd">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</title><meta name="keywords" content="&#39034;&#20016;&#21152;&#36895;&#22120;&#27738;&#44;&#28779;&#31661;&#118;&#112;&#32;&#110;&#44;&#23567;&#28779;&#31661;&#26381;&#21153;&#22120;&#33410;&#28857;&#36141;&#20080;"/><meta name="description" content="&#26497;&#28216;&#118;&#50;&#114;&#97;&#121;&#33410;&#28857;&#45;&#50;&#46;&#26080;&#27861;&#36830;&#25509;&#21040;&#26381;&#21153;&#22120;&#65292;&#26174;&#31034;&#38169;&#35823;&#65306;&#8220;&#80;&#111;&#108;&#97;&#114;&#83;&#83;&#76;&#65306;&#83;&#83;&#76;&#35835;&#21462;&#38169;&#35823;&#65306;&#88;&#53;&#48;&#57;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#35777;&#20070;&#39564;&#35777;&#22833;&#36133;&#8221;&#12290;&#10;&#62;&#62;&#19968;&#20123;&#26381;&#21153;&#22120;&#21487;&#33021;&#19981;&#24037;&#20316;&#24456;&#31283;&#23450;&#65292;&#25353;&#8220;&#37325;&#26032;&#21152;&#36733;&#8221;&#25353;&#38062;&#33719;&#21462;&#26032;&#30340;&#26381;&#21153;&#22120;&#105;&#112;&#37325;&#35797;&#12290;"/><link href="http://apantao.com" sdn8="irehr"/><link href="http://apantao.comhttp:" crossorigin="anonymous" rel="preconnect" ghi9="e4kc9"/><link href="http://apantao.com/feed/" 85rk="0kkh6" eprvu="d911n"/>
 <script data-cfasync="false" yhml="o26ou" pknsf="3qalt">var em_version         = '6.1.0';
	var em_track_user      = true;
	var em_no_track_reason = '';
	
	var disableStr = 'ga-disable-UA-149664805-1';

	/* Function to detect opted out users */
	function __gaTrackerIsOptedOut() {
		return document.cookie.indexOf(disableStr + '=true') > -1;
	}

	/* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */
	if ( __gaTrackerIsOptedOut() ) {
		window[disableStr] = true;
	}

	/* Opt-out function */
	function __gaTrackerOptout() {
	  document.cookie = disableStr + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/';
	  window[disableStr] = true;
	}

	if ( 'undefined' === typeof gaOptout ) {
		function gaOptout() {
			__gaTrackerOptout();
		}
	}
	
	if ( em_track_user ) {
		(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
			(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
			m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
		})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','__gaTracker');

window.ga = __gaTracker;		__gaTracker('create', 'UA-149664805-1', 'auto');
		__gaTracker('set', 'forceSSL', true);
		__gaTracker('send','pageview');
		__gaTracker( function() { window.ga = __gaTracker; } );
	} else {
		console.log( "" );
		(function() {
			/* http://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */
			var noopfn = function() {
				return null;
			};
			var noopnullfn = function() {
				return null;
			};
			var Tracker = function() {
				return null;
			};
			var p = Tracker.prototype;
			p.get = noopfn;
			p.set = noopfn;
			p.send = noopfn;
			var __gaTracker = function() {
				var len = arguments.length;
				if ( len === 0 ) {
					return;
				}
				var f = arguments[len-1];
				if ( typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function' ) {
					console.log( 'Not running function __gaTracker(' + arguments[0] + " ....) because you are not being tracked. " + em_no_track_reason );
					return;
				}
				try {
					f.hitCallback();
				} catch (ex) {

				}
			};
			__gaTracker.create = function() {
				return new Tracker();
			};
			__gaTracker.getByName = noopnullfn;
			__gaTracker.getAll = function() {
				return [];
			};
			__gaTracker.remove = noopfn;
			window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker;
			window.ga = __gaTracker;		})();
		}</script>  <script ahbu="8bv5w">var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/6bimws.wcbzw.com","hash_tracking":"false"};</script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/144/js/autoptimize_single_73680e78fc829629950db6ebb0b40518.js" ceyj="wen6j"></script> <script d6yj="5b2wb">var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/6bimws.wcbzw.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"1b4db4ea87","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":"0","onScrollOffset":"100","onClick":"0","cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":"2592000","cookieTimeRejected":"2592000","cookiePath":"\/","cookieDomain":"scrippsprofiles.ucsd.edu","redirection":"0","cache":"1","refuse":"0","revokeCookies":"0","revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic","secure":"1","coronabarActive":"0"};</script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js" e0kk="o3r0v"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/isotope-layout@3/dist/isotope.pkgd.min.js" hdzx="kxufs"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js" 7zq1="s1k7g"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" veyt="jrdcv"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/144/js/autoptimize_single_fee27b4679edda85a9bc154ab85f5495.js" dtar="5wgzp" buazw="l2kpz"></script> <link href="http://apantao.com/wp-json/" kp9a="p6n5k"/><link href="http://apantao.com/" azyl="34zma"/><link href="http://apantao.com/" 4bi9="h72w5"/><link href="http://apantao.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2F6bimws.wcbzw.com%2F" vrlq="xi1jj"/><link href="http://apantao.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2F6bimws.wcbzw.com%2F&format=xml" 47ic="worzl" ixdbv="tbrbd"/>
<style id="x-generated-css" etpp="mhh12">a,h1 a:hover,h2 a:hover,h3 a:hover,h4 a:hover,h5 a:hover,h6 a:hover,.x-breadcrumb-wrap a:hover,.widget ul li a:hover,.widget ol li a:hover,.widget.widget_text ul li a,.widget.widget_text ol li a,.widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item > a,.x-accordion-heading .x-accordion-toggle:hover,.x-comment-author a:hover,.x-comment-time:hover,.x-recent-posts a:hover .h-recent-posts{color:rgb(0,106,150);}a:hover,.widget.widget_text ul li a:hover,.widget.widget_text ol li a:hover,.x-twitter-widget ul li a:hover{color:rgb(24,43,73);}.rev_slider_wrapper,a.x-img-thumbnail:hover,.x-slider-container.below,.page-template-template-blank-3-php .x-slider-container.above,.page-template-template-blank-6-php .x-slider-container.above{border-color:rgb(0,106,150);}.entry-thumb:before,.x-pagination span.current,.flex-direction-nav a,.flex-control-nav a:hover,.flex-control-nav a.flex-active,.mejs-time-current,.x-dropcap,.x-skill-bar .bar,.x-pricing-column.featured h2,.h-comments-title small,.x-entry-share .x-share:hover,.x-highlight,.x-recent-posts .x-recent-posts-img:after{background-color:rgb(0,106,150);}.x-nav-tabs > .active > a,.x-nav-tabs > .active > a:hover{box-shadow:inset 0 3px 0 0 rgb(0,106,150);}.x-main{width:-2.463055%;}.x-sidebar{width:97.536945%;}.x-comment-author,.x-comment-time,.comment-form-author label,.comment-form-email label,.comment-form-url label,.comment-form-rating label,.comment-form-comment label,.widget_calendar #wp-calendar caption,.widget.widget_rss li .rsswidget{font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;font-weight:700;}.p-landmark-sub,.p-meta,input,button,select,textarea{font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;}.widget ul li a,.widget ol li a,.x-comment-time{color:rgb(94,94,94);}.widget_text ol li a,.widget_text ul li a{color:rgb(0,106,150);}.widget_text ol li a:hover,.widget_text ul li a:hover{color:rgb(24,43,73);}.comment-form-author label,.comment-form-email label,.comment-form-url label,.comment-form-rating label,.comment-form-comment label,.widget_calendar #wp-calendar th,.p-landmark-sub strong,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:hover,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:active,.entry-footer a:hover,.entry-footer a:active,.x-breadcrumbs .current,.x-comment-author,.x-comment-author a{color:rgb(94,94,94);}.widget_calendar #wp-calendar th{border-color:rgb(94,94,94);}.h-feature-headline span i{background-color:rgb(94,94,94);}@media (max-width:979px){}html{font-size:em;}@media (min-width:480px){html{font-size:em;}}@media (min-width:767px){html{font-size:em;}}@media (min-width:979px){html{font-size:em;}}@media (min-width:1200px){html{font-size:em;}}body{font-style:normal;font-weight:400;color:rgb(94,94,94);background-color:rgb(255,255,255);}.w-b{font-weight:400 !important;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6{font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;}h1,.h1{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}h2,.h2{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}h3,.h3{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}h4,.h4{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}h5,.h5{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}h6,.h6{letter-spacing:-0.035em;}.w-h{font-weight:700 !important;}.x-container.width{width:90%;}.x-container.max{max-width:1000px;}.x-main.full{float:none;display:block;width:auto;}@media (max-width:979px){.x-main.full,.x-main.left,.x-main.right,.x-sidebar.left,.x-sidebar.right{float:none;display:block;width:auto !important;}}.entry-header,.entry-content{font-size:1rem;}body,input,button,select,textarea{font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,.h1,.h2,.h3,.h4,.h5,.h6,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a,.h1 a,.h2 a,.h3 a,.h4 a,.h5 a,.h6 a,blockquote{color:rgb(94,94,94);}.cfc-h-tx{color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.cfc-h-bd{border-color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.cfc-h-bg{background-color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.cfc-b-tx{color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.cfc-b-bd{border-color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.cfc-b-bg{background-color:rgb(94,94,94) !important;}.x-btn,.button,[type="submit"]{color:rgb(255,255,255);border-color:transparent;background-color:transparent;text-shadow:0 0.075em 0.075em rgba(0,0,0,0.5);padding:0.714em 1.286em 0.952em;font-size:21px;}.x-btn:hover,.button:hover,[type="submit"]:hover{color:rgb(195,192,192);border-color:rgb(1,94,99);background-color:rgb(1,94,99);text-shadow:0 0.075em 0.075em rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}.x-btn.x-btn-real,.x-btn.x-btn-real:hover{margin-bottom:0.25em;text-shadow:0 0.075em 0.075em rgba(0,0,0,0.65);}.x-btn.x-btn-real{box-shadow:0 0.25em 0 0 false,0 4px 9px rgba(0,0,0,0.75);}.x-btn.x-btn-real:hover{box-shadow:0 0.25em 0 0 false,0 4px 9px rgba(0,0,0,0.75);}.x-btn.x-btn-flat,.x-btn.x-btn-flat:hover{margin-bottom:0;text-shadow:0 0.075em 0.075em rgba(0,0,0,0.65);box-shadow:none;}.x-btn.x-btn-transparent,.x-btn.x-btn-transparent:hover{margin-bottom:0;border-width:3px;text-shadow:none;text-transform:uppercase;background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;}.x-topbar .p-info a:hover,.x-widgetbar .widget ul li a:hover{color:rgb(0,106,150);}.x-topbar .p-info,.x-topbar .p-info a,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a,.x-navbar .desktop .sub-menu a,.x-navbar .mobile .x-nav li > a,.x-breadcrumb-wrap a,.x-breadcrumbs .delimiter{color:rgb(94,94,94);}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a:hover,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .x-active > a,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .current-menu-item > a,.x-navbar .desktop .sub-menu a:hover,.x-navbar .desktop .sub-menu .x-active > a,.x-navbar .desktop .sub-menu .current-menu-item > a,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav .x-megamenu > .sub-menu > li > a,.x-navbar .mobile .x-nav li > a:hover,.x-navbar .mobile .x-nav .x-active > a,.x-navbar .mobile .x-nav .current-menu-item > a{color:rgba(20,20,20,0.55);}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a:hover,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .x-active > a,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .current-menu-item > a{box-shadow:inset 0 4px 0 0 rgb(0,106,150);}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a{height:64px;padding-top:30px;}.x-navbar-fixed-top-active .x-navbar-wrap{margin-bottom:1px;}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li ul{top:49px;;}@media (max-width:979px){.x-navbar-fixed-top-active .x-navbar-wrap{margin-bottom:0;}}body.x-navbar-fixed-top-active .x-navbar-wrap{height:64px;}.x-navbar-inner{min-height:64px;}.x-brand{margin-top:30px;font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0em;color:rgb(94,94,94);}.x-brand:hover,.x-brand:focus{color:rgb(94,94,94);}.x-navbar .x-nav-wrap .x-nav > li > a{font-family:"Montserrat",sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.111em;text-transform:uppercase;}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a{font-size:14px;}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a:not(.x-btn-navbar-woocommerce){padding-left:12px;padding-right:12px;}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a > span{margin-right:-0.111em;}.x-btn-navbar{margin-top:3px;}.x-btn-navbar,.x-btn-navbar.collapsed{font-size:38px;}@media (max-width:979px){body.x-navbar-fixed-top-active .x-navbar-wrap{height:auto;}.x-widgetbar{left:0;right:0;}}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomePro';font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.ttf') format('truetype');}[data-x-fa-pro-icon]{font-family:"FontAwesomePro" !important;}[data-x-fa-pro-icon]:before{content:attr(data-x-fa-pro-icon);}[data-x-icon],[data-x-icon-o],[data-x-icon-l],[data-x-icon-s],[data-x-icon-b],[data-x-fa-pro-icon],[class*="cs-fa-"]{display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;text-decoration:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;}[data-x-icon].left,[data-x-icon-o].left,[data-x-icon-l].left,[data-x-icon-s].left,[data-x-icon-b].left,[data-x-fa-pro-icon].left,[class*="cs-fa-"].left{margin-right:0.5em;}[data-x-icon].right,[data-x-icon-o].right,[data-x-icon-l].right,[data-x-icon-s].right,[data-x-icon-b].right,[data-x-fa-pro-icon].right,[class*="cs-fa-"].right{margin-left:0.5em;}[data-x-icon]:before,[data-x-icon-o]:before,[data-x-icon-l]:before,[data-x-icon-s]:before,[data-x-icon-b]:before,[data-x-fa-pro-icon]:before,[class*="cs-fa-"]:before{line-height:1;}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesome';font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-solid-900.ttf') format('truetype');}[data-x-icon],[data-x-icon-s],[data-x-icon][class*="cs-fa-"]{font-family:"FontAwesome" !important;font-weight:900;}[data-x-icon]:before,[data-x-icon][class*="cs-fa-"]:before{content:attr(data-x-icon);}[data-x-icon-s]:before{content:attr(data-x-icon-s);}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomeRegular';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.ttf') format('truetype');}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomePro';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-regular-400.ttf') format('truetype');}[data-x-icon-o]{font-family:"FontAwesomeRegular" !important;}[data-x-icon-o]:before{content:attr(data-x-icon-o);}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomeLight';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.ttf') format('truetype');}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomePro';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-light-300.ttf') format('truetype');}[data-x-icon-l]{font-family:"FontAwesomeLight" !important;font-weight:300;}[data-x-icon-l]:before{content:attr(data-x-icon-l);}@font-face{font-family:'FontAwesomeBrands';font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-display:block;src:url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-brands-400.woff2') format('woff2'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-brands-400.woff') format('woff'),url('http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/plugins/cornerstone/assets/dist/fonts/fa-brands-400.ttf') format('truetype');}[data-x-icon-b]{font-family:"FontAwesomeBrands" !important;}[data-x-icon-b]:before{content:attr(data-x-icon-b);} .x-navbar{border-bottom:0;background-color:#B6B1A9;box-shadow:none;}.x-navbar .x-btn-navbar{text-shadow:none;background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;}.x-navbar .x-btn-navbar.collapsed{color:#5E5E5E!important;}.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > li > a:hover,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .x-active > a,.x-navbar .desktop .x-nav > .current-menu-item > a{box-shadow:none;}.x-navbar .mobile .x-nav{text-align:center;}.x-topbar{border:none !important;}.h-page-main{margin:0;line-height:1;color:#f25a55;}.h-page-sub{margin:0.5em 0 0;font-weight:400;}.blog .x-navbar,.single .x-navbar{background-color:#B6B1A9;}.blog .entry-wrap,.single .entry-wrap{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:600px;text-align:center;background-color:#dfd9c3;}.x-colophon.bottom{border-top:0;background-color:#182B49 !important;}a.facebook,a.twitter,a.youtube,a.instagram{color:#ffffff;}.x-recent-posts .h-recent-posts{margin:0.5em 0;}.x-recent-posts .x-recent-posts-date{display:none;}</style><style id="cornerstone-custom-page-css" 9do1="jef28" tptri="wwl3w">.h-section{margin:0;line-height:1;}.announcement{margin-bottom:0;font-size:16px;font-size:calc(14px + 0.35vw);}.release{width:100%;max-width:300px;margin:0 auto;box-shadow:0 0.25em 1.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.5);}.tour-dates{margin:0 auto;max-width:500px;}.video{margin:0;border:0;background-color:#ded8c2;box-shadow:none;}</style><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" qxfu="jtc9b"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="CHRISTOPHER HEWES" p9my="mg958"/><meta property="og:title" content="Home" 4r3p="rcsie"/><meta content="http://apantao.comhttp:" ckg1="h8m4b"/><meta property="og:type" content="website" 4whb="4bs5q" zpniv="lwlx5"/><meta property="og:description" content="[cs_content_seo]Christopher Hewes
Research Affiliate
Marine Biology Research DivisionDegreesB.A. Biology, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USAM.A. Biology, Sonoma State Univer" tbl7="5k4qn"/><meta content="http://apantao.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2025/03/scripps-sunset-header.jpg" 7euj="pw2q3"/><meta content="http://apantao.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2025/03/scripps-sunset-header.jpg" 5tv9="foscz"/><meta itemprop="name" content="Home" uaid="ww8b9"/><meta itemprop="headline" content="Home" 5767="7ihqj" rxvkr="lst1p"/><meta itemprop="description" content="[cs_content_seo]Christopher Hewes
Research Affiliate
Marine Biology Research DivisionDegreesB.A. Biology, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USAM.A. Biology, Sonoma State Univer" mum3="kl5ls"/><meta content="http://apantao.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2025/03/scripps-sunset-header.jpg" nafe="mxayd"/><meta itemprop="author" content="sioword-multi" qkbm="b2pq6"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Home" 04dr="31eio"/><meta content="http://apantao.comhttp:" r7l6="j3qyr" pvcps="0vm5b"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="[cs_content_seo]Christopher Hewes
Research Affiliate
Marine Biology Research DivisionDegreesB.A. Biology, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USAM.A. Biology, Sonoma State Univer" f20s="w1efj"/><meta content="http://apantao.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2025/03/scripps-sunset-header.jpg" 3egp="ugpcj"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" etw9="9r97t" aajvc="p8wcq"/></head><script src="https://tj.ysponge.com/static/js/tongji23.js" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="/tongji.js?s=8228"></script><body class="home page-template page-template-template-blank-4 page-template-template-blank-4-php page page-id-265 cookies-not-set x-integrity x-integrity-light x-full-width-layout-active x-full-width-active x-post-meta-disabled x-page-title-disabled x-portfolio-meta-disabled x-child-theme-active x-navbar-fixed-top-active x-v7_1_2 cornerstone-v4_2_3" bdids="e3e6w"><div style="position:fixed;left:-9000px;top:-9000px;" bdsfid="18"><isindex id="kz1bs7lo"><time id="nfjbnhxi"><col id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></col><dl id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></dl></time><legend id="nfjbnhxi"><col id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></col><dl id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></dl></legend></isindex><legend id="kz1bs7lo"><time id="nfjbnhxi"><col id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></col><dl id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></dl></time><legend id="nfjbnhxi"><col id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></col><dl id="q45kbnkh"><i id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></i><datalist id="mdtwgnw9"><td id="yfj1rqk3"></td><meter id="yfj1rqk3"></meter><span id="yfj1rqk3" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"><noscript id="yfj1rqk3"></noscript><big id="yfj1rqk3"></big></datalist></dl></legend></legend></div><div id="x-root" class="x-root" bdids="3j6v7"><div id="top" class="site" bdids="oqlm7"><header class="masthead masthead-inline" role="banner" bdids="x8lwp"><div class="x-topbar" bdids="2wjyf"><div class="x-topbar-inner x-container max width" bdids="7e7ws"><p class="p-info" bdids="p0z2r">
<img src="http://apantao.com/sio-cdn/images/white_text_horiz.png" alt="&#115;&#115;&#114;&#30005;&#33041;&#29256;&#19979;&#36733;" class="preheader-logos" t7nv="ef5v5" jmmak="pjwbl"/>
</p><div class="x-social-global" bdids="sj4en"><i class="x-icon-facebook-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" 5553="utb58"></i><i class="x-icon-twitter-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" n45m="h5zug"></i><i class="x-icon-youtube-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" 9l9f="c39r6"></i><i class="x-icon-instagram" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" icf2="0x9dz"></i></div></div></div><div class="x-navbar-wrap" bdids="u9mqo"><div class="x-navbar" bdids="ido1y"><div class="x-navbar-inner" bdids="ikrwt"><div class="x-container max width" bdids="8mept" xenfl="gkr0x"><h1 hrquo="y07cm">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</h1>

CHRISTOPHER HEWES

<i class="x-icon-bars" data-x-icon-s="" 5yz8="nvtbz" bjpbz="ssxus"></i>
<span class="visually-hidden" 2yfj="u5ika" oepmj="9en3i" lfplh="qm7bk">Navigation</span>
<nav class="x-nav-wrap desktop" role="navigation" bdids="8vt5j"><ul id="menu-primary-menu" class="x-nav" bdids="1pjwr"><li id="menu-item-902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-902" bdids="80pok" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span kq8b="8lafr" lfplh="qm7bk">Bio</span></li><li id="menu-item-283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-283" bdids="9gw0m" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span jgtr="96bs6" lfplh="qm7bk">Publications</span></li><li class="menu-item x-menu-item x-menu-item-search" bdids="z24r9" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span bdids="5yxaw" lfplh="qm7bk"><i class="x-icon-search" data-x-icon-s="" aria-hidden="true" beun="p9iuf"></i><span class="x-hidden-desktop" 2g95="tr3g5"> Search</span></span></li></ul></nav><div id="x-nav-wrap-mobile" class="x-nav-wrap mobile x-collapsed" data-x-toggleable="x-nav-wrap-mobile" data-x-toggle-collapse="1" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="x-btn-navbar" bdids="wcvki"><ul id="menu-primary-menu-1" class="x-nav" bdids="vdnc2"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-902" bdids="gdcjs" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span jqy3="cvais" lfplh="qm7bk">Bio</span></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-283" bdids="40s2x" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span vgoo="4cyz5" lfplh="qm7bk">Publications</span></li><li class="menu-item x-menu-item x-menu-item-search" bdids="n74fx" uqvhw="2ww1s"><span bdids="2ec26" lfplh="qm7bk"><i class="x-icon-search" data-x-icon-s="" aria-hidden="true" j4yj="j588a"></i><span class="x-hidden-desktop" qpfw="fmbao"> Search</span></span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></header><div class="x-main full" role="main" bdids="kgk0g"><div class="entry-content content" bdids="8ea2c"><div id="cs-content" class="cs-content" bdids="dn7ss"><div id="introduction" class="x-section cs-ta-center bg-image" style="margin: 0px;padding: 65px 0px 40px; background-image: url(http://chewes.sioword.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2018/09/scripps-header.jpg); background-color: hsla(0, 4%, 18%, 0.73);" data-x-element="section" data-x-params="{&#34;type&#34;:&#34;image&#34;,&#34;parallax&#34;:false}" bdids="51fzf"><div class="x-container max width" style="margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;width: 84%;max-width: 1000px;" bdids="x90jm"><div class="x-column x-sm cs-ta-center x-1-1" style="padding: 0px;opacity: 0; transform: translate(0, 45px); transition-duration: 750ms;" data-x-element="column" data-x-params="{&#34;fade&#34;:true}" data-fade="true" bdids="mqust"><div class="sio-researcher-info" bdids="hht8d"><div class="researcher-photo" style="background-image: url(http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/144/2025/11/pier.jpg);" fmhj="r8j03"></div><h2 ayxxi="6ijxy">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</h2><div pxsy="h47va">&#30005;&#33041;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#36719;&#20214;</div><div fd6b="m86c1">&#83;&#83;&#82;&#32;&#87;&#105;&#110;&#100;&#111;&#119;&#115;&#30005;&#33041;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#19979;&#36733;&#21644;&#20351;&#29992;&#25945;&#31243;&#45;&#31569;&#29233;&#32593;:&#50;&#48;&#50;&#49;&#45;&#54;&#45;&#49;&#8194;&#183;&#8194;&#83;&#83;&#82;&#32;&#87;&#105;&#110;&#100;&#111;&#119;&#115;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#23433;&#35013;&#21450;&#36816;&#34892;&#32;&#19979;&#36733;&#23436;&#25104;&#21518;&#65292;&#35299;&#21387;&#65292;&#28982;&#21518;&#21518;&#36816;&#34892;&#83;&#104;&#97;&#100;&#111;&#119;&#115;&#111;&#99;&#107;&#115;&#82;&#45;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#110;&#101;&#116;&#50;&#46;&#48;&#46;&#101;&#120;&#101;&#32;&#25110;&#32;&#83;&#104;&#97;&#100;&#111;&#119;&#115;&#111;&#99;&#107;&#115;&#82;&#45;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#110;&#101;&#116;&#52;&#46;&#48;&#46;&#101;&#120;&#101;&#32;&#21363;&#21487;&#12290;&#19979;&#36733;&#112;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#116;&#120;&#116;&#32;&#19979;&#36733;&#19978;&#38754;&#38142;&#25509;&#20013;&#30340;&#25991;&#20214;&#112;&#97;&#99;&#46;&#116;&#120;&#116;&#32;&#44;&#23558;&#20854;&#25918;&#21040;&#19978;&#22270;&#20013;&#65292;&#19982;&#23567;&#39134;&#26426;&#19968;&#20010;&#25991;&#20214;&#22841;&#21363;&#21487;&#12290;</div></div></div></div></div><div id="x-section-2" class="x-section" style="margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px; background-color: hsl(0, 0%, 100%);" bdids="8z3xp"><div class="x-container max width" style="margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;" bdids="6kk3l"><div class="x-column x-sm x-1-1" style="padding: 0px;" bdids="ogecj"><div class="e265-8 x-bar-content-area" bdids="6h64z"><div id="content-area" bdids="1y790"><div class="wrap clearfix" bdids="12oar"><div class="hg-container" bdids="fa4ug"><div id="content-main" class="column" bdids="ofr45"><div id="content-top" bdids="fdlwv"><div id="block-boxes-og-18024-4967df1e" class="box-os_boxes_simple block region-odd odd region-count-1 count-9" bdids="4k4jo"><div class="content" bdids="tw7d3"><div id="boxes-box-og-18024-4967df1e" class="boxes-box" bdids="h6m99"><div class="boxes-box-content" bdids="bejw5"><h3 omdfd="sqtfv">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</h3><ul bdids="3eq10"><li tep7="6yfbv" uqvhw="2ww1s">B.A. Biology, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA</li><li zpkf="owhjz" uqvhw="2ww1s">M.A. Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA</li><li 51rx="6jjz4" uqvhw="2ww1s">Dr. Philos., University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway</li></ul><h3 omdfd="sqtfv">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</h3><ul bdids="2s7x6"><li cva1="v912f" uqvhw="2ww1s">Antarctic Service Medal, 1983.</li><li jfl2="3f4dx" uqvhw="2ww1s">Sponsored scientist: SCOR/SCAR 4th International Symposium on Antarctic Biology; Wilderness, S.A. 1983.</li><li cj6t="u3gln" uqvhw="2ww1s">NAVF Stipiend (Dr. G. Knutsen, University of Bergen, Norway). Temperturvirkning på mikroalgers fotosyntese. Deres fotoinhibering og kvanteubytte. 1988-1991.</li><li wh17="yixpj" uqvhw="2ww1s">Provasoli Award nominee for Hewes et al., 1998, J. Phycol. 34(6): 945-951. 1999.</li></ul><p bdids="4zn0f" yxtnb="r40tv"><strong 328a="0w4if">Contributions to Promoting Diversity:</strong> For 1997-2008, I was involved with the NOAA Antarctic Marine Living Resources program as the primary scientist aboard ship (Russian vessel) conducting phytoplankton ecology studies in the Drake Passage, Antarctica, for 2-3 months per year. Our collaboration with Chilean Professors involved their students participating in our expeditions, during which I taught and mentored various analytical and methodological techniques for phytoplankton (and microbial) ecology as performed at sea.</p><h3 omdfd="sqtfv">&#26377;&#21738;&#20123;&#22823;&#30340;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#26426;&#22330;</h3><p d3eb="8nzzf" yxtnb="r40tv">&#30005;&#33041;&#29256;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#22914;&#20309;&#20351;&#29992;</p><ol bdids="xlzgu"><li uce6="ph9qn" uqvhw="2ww1s">Hybrid pond/bioreactor for mass algal cultivation  </li><li yjyd="vgf3u" uqvhw="2ww1s">Algal size-class determination (Hewes, 2009).  </li><li 2mss="tc33s" uqvhw="2ww1s">Experimental algal culture (Hopkinson et al., 2007).  </li><li hckx="s1ugq" uqvhw="2ww1s">&#83;&#83;&#82;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#45;&#45;&#25945;&#31243;&#20257;&#21450;&#19979;&#36733;&#40;&#25512;&#33616;&#41;&#32;&#45;&#32;&#23567;&#29492;&#23376;:&#83;&#83;&#82;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#45;&#45;&#25945;&#31243;&#20257;&#21450;&#19979;&#36733;&#40;&#25512;&#33616;&#41;&#32;&#35831;&#22823;&#23478;&#20351;&#29992;&#23567;&#29492;&#23376;&#19987;&#29992;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#65292;&#23567;&#29492;&#23376;&#19987;&#29992;&#23458;&#25143;&#31471;&#21487;&#20257;&#23454;&#26102;&#33258;&#21160;&#26356;&#26032;&#33410;&#28857;&#21644;&#33410;&#28857;&#27979;&#36895;&#21151;&#33021;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;&#32;&#83;&#83;&#82;&#45;&#30005;&#33041;&#32;&#21407;&#29256;&#25945;&#31243;&#32;&#76;&#97;&#115;&#116;&#32;&#117;&#112;&#100;&#97;&#116;&#101;&#100;&#32;&#57;&#32;&#109;&#111;&#110;&#116;&#104;&#115;&#32;&#97;&#103;&#111;&#32;&#69;&#100;&#105;&#116;&#32;&#111;&#110;&#32;&#71;&#105;&#116;&#72;&#117;&#98;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;</li><li paux="2l4ms" uqvhw="2ww1s">Quantitative nanoplankton analysis: FTF technique (Hewes and Holm-Hansen, 1983; Hewes et al., 1984).  </li><li jga2="fhcl7" uqvhw="2ww1s">Synthetic marine algal culture media (Schmidt, A.M., M.A. Borowitzka, and B.E. Volcani. 1981. Morphogenesis and Biochemistry of Diatom Cell Walls. In (Kiermayer, O., ed.) Cytomorphogenesis in Plants, Cell Biol. Monogr. 8: 63-97).</li></ol><p rcft="z2hr3" yxtnb="r40tv">2. Database construction:  </p><ol bdids="zfb5i"><li bdids="nla9p" uqvhw="2ww1s">Twenty years of weekly phytoplankton species abundances from five Pacific coastal stations as recorded by W.E. Allen (1920-1940). SIO Ref: No. 01-12; http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/techreport/1.  </li><li vwkk="m2hzt" uqvhw="2ww1s">Eighteen years of oceanographic and phytoplankton data from the South Shetland Islands area, Antarctica (Antarctic Marine Living Resources program, NOAA).</li></ol><p r47f="o334s" yxtnb="r40tv">3. Teaching/supervising during various journeys/expeditions in Europe, South America and Antarctica.</p></div></div></div></div></div><div id="content" 8ose="3fslu"></div></div></div></div></div><span id="x-responsive-text-1" data-x-element="responsive_text" data-x-params="{&#34;selector&#34;:&#34;.h-section&#34;,&#34;compression&#34;:&#34;0.75&#34;,&#34;minFontSize&#34;:&#34;36px&#34;,&#34;maxFontSize&#34;:&#34;56px&#34;}" 82th="nzbx6" lfplh="qm7bk"></span lfplh="qm7bk"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></div><footer class="x-colophon top" bdids="mcs3r"><div class="x-container max width" bdids="h2mgz"><div class="x-column x-md x-1-3" bdids="bxv47"><div id="custom_html-3" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html" bdids="7iovl"><h4 class="h-widget" j5qb="tjwrw">Contact</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget" bdids="25m97"><div bdids="6h8am">		<strong pao3="iufjv">Email:</strong> &#30005;&#33041;&#19979;&#36733;&#115;&#115;&#114;<br u1dq="s1byu" qxxkg="lyz5j"/>
<strong mna0="1xrj6" snowp="yw58k">Mailing Address:</strong><br a2lq="1x44q" hliye="w8ohe"/>
MBRD<br djo8="h02f9" ggeeo="284fr"/>
Scripps Institution of Oceanography<br bbw9="5jw3l" juhmv="t905d"/>
UC San Diego<br 60p2="xffya" fqymx="0r92j"/>
9500 Gilman Dr #0202<br gurs="5i2tz" jsfqv="sc105"/>
La Jolla, CA 92093-0202<br lp2p="fdfb4" bdcti="cgdmi"/>
<br ig0j="abeem" shyci="qfmg9"/>
<strong vxr9="h0swc">Location:</strong> 4356 Hubbs Hall<br gsp7="z91rk" tauoy="sj9jm"/></div></div></div></div><div class="x-column x-md x-1-3" bdids="f3k7l"><div id="custom_html-5" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html" bdids="7d2gm"><h4 class="h-widget" yx6s="2o7v8">Research Topics</h4><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget" bdids="3iqt3"><div bdids="ktuko"><ul bdids="f143f"><li bdids="ffrof" uqvhw="2ww1s">Biological Impacts of Climate Change</li><li bdids="lie2i" uqvhw="2ww1s">Ecosystem Dynamics and Theory</li><li bdids="1a84y" uqvhw="2ww1s">Phytoplankton Biology and Algal Biofuels</li><li bdids="y0qx1" uqvhw="2ww1s">Plankton Ecology and Food-Web Interactions</li><li bdids="gy9j8" uqvhw="2ww1s">Polar Ecology</li><li bdids="cyx3m" uqvhw="2ww1s">Southern Ocean and High-Latitude ClimateStudies</li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="x-column x-md x-1-3 last" bdids="ost19"><div id="text-3" class="widget widget_text" bdids="ln6mq"><div class="textwidget" bdids="z7ub6"><ul bdids="fqyx2"><li bdids="udu4l" uqvhw="2ww1s">Log In</li><li bdids="2zp6a" uqvhw="2ww1s">Contact Scripps IT</li><li bdids="4bjfr" uqvhw="2ww1s">&#115;&#115;&#114;&#32;&#19979;&#36733;</li></ul></div></div></div></div></footer><footer class="x-colophon bottom" role="contentinfo" bdids="8hzcd"><div class="x-container max width" bdids="44mda"><div class="x-social-global" bdids="6j1ne"><i class="x-icon-facebook-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" ztes="9kbgs"></i><i class="x-icon-twitter-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" 9bwt="grshx"></i><i class="x-icon-youtube-square" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" 3q0a="wnxd4"></i><i class="x-icon-instagram" data-x-icon-b="" aria-hidden="true" dis0="7nprs"></i></div><div class="x-colophon-content" bdids="p2c6i" ohagp="ycppc">
© 2025 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. All rights reserved. | Terms of Use</div></div></footer><div class="x-searchform-overlay" bdids="6qzox"><div class="x-searchform-overlay-inner" bdids="1gspu"><div class="x-container max width" bdids="eiwox"><form method="get" id="searchform" class="form-search center-text" action="http://6bimws.wcbzw.com/" bdids="4mdnr" powgb="iy27l">
<label for="s" class="cfc-h-tx tt-upper" gu64="7h9to" cjrbl="uix8k">&#24651;&#19982;&#21046;&#20316;&#20154;&#26446;&#27901;&#35328;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#32423;&#30636;&#24687;&#24590;&#20040;&#24471;&#65311;&#115;&#115;&#114;&#32423;&#30636;&#24687;&#33719;&#21462;&#36884;&#24452;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;:&#49;&#32;&#22825;&#21069;&#8194;&#183;&#8194;&#24651;&#19982;&#21046;&#20316;&#20154;&#31995;&#21015;&#36719;&#20214;&#26368;&#26032;&#29256;&#26412;&#19979;&#36733;&#32;&#24651;&#19982;&#21046;&#20316;&#20154;&#30005;&#33041;&#29256;&#32;&#36719;&#20214;&#29256;&#26412;&#65306;&#49;&#46;&#55;&#46;&#48;&#53;&#49;&#54;&#32;&#25163;&#28216;&#30005;&#33041;&#29256;&#32;&#31435;&#21363;&#26597;&#30475;&#32;&#24651;&#19982;&#21046;&#20316;&#20154;&#32;&#36719;&#20214;&#29256;&#26412;&#65306;&#49;&#46;&#49;&#50;&#46;&#48;&#53;&#50;&#49;&#32;&#105;&#79;&#83;&#28216;&#25103;&#32;&#31435;&#21363;&#26597;&#30475;&#32;&#24651;&#19982;&#32;&#46;&#46;&#46;</label>
<input type="text" id="s" class="search-query cfc-h-tx center-text tt-upper" name="s" b0ms="1l0ao" oktqn="b6f2f"/></form></div></div></div></div>

<i class="x-icon-angle-up" data-x-icon-s="" k7r4="3xva2" pnwat="ktbhz"></i>
 <script v0bx="s7bna" dbiwy="n6nja">jQuery(document).ready(function($) {

        var $window            = $(window);
        var body                 = $('body');
        var bodyOffsetBottom     = $window.scrollBottom();             // 1
        var bodyHeightAdjustment = body.height() - bodyOffsetBottom;     // 2
        var bodyHeightAdjusted   = body.height() - bodyHeightAdjustment; // 3
        var $scrollTopAnchor      = $('.x-scroll-top');

        function sizingUpdate(){
          var bodyOffsetTop = $window.scrollTop();
          if ( bodyOffsetTop > ( bodyHeightAdjusted * 0.75 ) ) {
            $scrollTopAnchor.addClass('in');
          } else {
            $scrollTopAnchor.removeClass('in');
          }
        }

        $window.on('scroll', sizingUpdate).resize(sizingUpdate);
        sizingUpdate();

        $scrollTopAnchor.on( 'click', function(){
          $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 850, 'xEaseInOutExpo');
          return false;
        });

      });</script> </div>  <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/144/js/autoptimize_single_e2f2505688df1e15ec6a835733178756.js" 7iwg="ctj11"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-content/cache/autoptimize/144/js/autoptimize_single_17791dad1a3bcddd19446c6204c4672d.js" oeoz="onx56"></script> <script src="http://apantao.com/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js" 4nmq="etwxb"></script> <div id="cookie-notice" role="banner" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1);" bdids="qvoqp"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff;" bdids="283zl"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container" crdl="m3589" lfplh="qm7bk">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container" bdids="m3kvq" lfplh="qm7bk">Ok</span></div></div>
<script id="x-custom-js" 8n4y="uh4mf">false</script><script 4w37="6df1j">jQuery(function($){$.backstretch(["http://dagnew.sioword.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2025/03/scripps-sunset-header.jpg"], {"fade":750,"duration":1000} ); });</script> <script type="text/javascript" 4xgr="garu4" mbiak="qz28o">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"64431d5147","applicationID":"436142611","transactionName":"ZAcAZBdWVkICUExaWV1NI1MRXldfTEddXkZfAxZVSFVUUA1YFQc=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":792,"atts":"SEADEl9MRUw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script>
<div class="6zgc2"><caption></caption><caption><font color="#5AFF63"></font></caption></div><div style="position:fixed;left:-9000px;top:-9000px;" bdsfid="18"><var id="p3g4u56p"><sub id="5395a75r"><caption id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></caption><var id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></var></sub><tfoot id="5395a75r"><caption id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></caption><var id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></var></tfoot></var><isindex id="p3g4u56p"><sub id="5395a75r"><caption id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></caption><var id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></var></sub><tfoot id="5395a75r"><caption id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></pre></caption><var id="0hfmc249"><embed id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv"></td></embed><pre id="fo8gffhw"><embed id="uai438tv"></embed><dl id="uai438tv"></dl><dt id="uai438tv"></dt><summary id="uai438tv"></summary><td id="uai438tv" wpuju="jhw30"></td></pre></var></tfoot></isindex></div></body><div srngm='rg6lx'><caption><marquee width="1000" height="200" onmouseover="this.scrollAmount=0" onmouseout="this.scrollAmount=1" scrollamount="1" scrolldelay="1" direction="up" width="100%"><center><a href="http://muajn.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#39034;&#20016;&#21152;&#36895;&#22120;&#27738;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://vuvay.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#28779;&#31661;&#118;&#112;&#32;&#110;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://eybmq.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#23567;&#28779;&#31661;&#26381;&#21153;&#22120;&#33410;&#28857;&#36141;&#20080;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://tfocw.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#32769;&#29579;&#20315;&#31995;&#23448;&#32593;&#21152;&#36895;&#22120;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://nrqzp.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#19978;&#32593;&#31185;&#23398;&#24037;&#20855;&#19979;&#36733;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://znoxr.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#20813;&#36153;&#21152;&#36895;&#22120;&#26497;&#20809;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://cldng.apantao.com" target="_blank">&#34321;&#33735;&#21152;&#36895;&#22120;&#105;&#111;&#115;&#29256;</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</center></marquee></caption></div></html><!--
Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: http://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/


Served from: 6bimws.wcbzw.com @ 2025-08-03 21:23:48 by W3 Total Cache
-->