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      <title>ARB - Political Reform</title>
      <description>Pipes Output</description>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Oct 2015 23:02:35 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Hamas’s Choices</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57649</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1501adnan2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hamas&amp;#x002019;s Choices&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;With few viable options at its disposal to address Gaza’s pressing social and economic needs, Hamas may be forced to extend its unity government with Fatah.</description>
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         <pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2015 16:26:38 +0000</pubDate>
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         <title>Saving Libya’s Constitution-Making Body</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57565</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1412hm2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Saving Libya&amp;#x002019;s Constitution-Making Body&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;The dissolution of Libya’s House of Representatives is putting extra pressure on the Constitution Drafting Assembly to negotiate a new political order in the country.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57565</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 18 Dec 2014 19:29:59 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Boycott in Bahrain</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57292</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411jane2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Boycott in Bahrain&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Upcoming elections in Bahrain are likely to prompt more opposition protests, rather than providing a means of channeling and containing opposition activity.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57292</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2014 14:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Seeking Wealth, Taking Power</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57252</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411atallah2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Seeking Wealth, Taking Power&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;The Egyptian military’s economic interests are driving it to seek further political control.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57252</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 2014 16:21:01 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Algeria’s Police Riots</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57199</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411brahimi2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Algeria&amp;#x002019;s Police Riots&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;The power struggle between the Algerian presidency and DRS prevents any fundamental reforms that could address the underlying demands of police protesters.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57199</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2014 17:40:47 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>A New Sectarian Force for Iraq</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57220</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411raed2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A New Sectarian Force for Iraq&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Plans to build a national guard force risk widening sectarian divisions in Iraq and pushing more Sunnis toward the Islamic State.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57220</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2014 17:23:14 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Ennahda’s Next Move</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57120</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411rory2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Ennahda&amp;#x002019;s Next Move&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Ennahda’s failure to address Tunisia’s socio-economic challenges led to its electoral defeat, which may accelerate the movement’s split into a religious and political wing.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57120</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2014 15:38:23 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Nidaa Tounes and the Prospects of a Unity Government</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57118</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1411sana2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Nidaa Tounes and the Prospects of a Unity Government&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Although a unity government between Nidaa Tounes and Ennahda would widen their internal divisions, for each party it is the best option.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57118</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2014 15:10:27 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Brotherly Love in the GCC</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57089</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1410atiqi2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Brotherly Love in the GCC&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Renewed high-level diplomatic activity between Qatar and Saudi Arabia may end their historic row as the GCC seeks policy alignment, particularly on security issues.</description>
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         <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2014 14:31:37 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Houthis on the Rise in Yemen</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57087</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1410transfeld2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Houthis on the Rise in Yemen&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Although the Houthis are well-poised to acquire new territories and increase their influence within Yemen, neither development will bring about peace or prosperity for the country.</description>
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         <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2014 14:17:56 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Egypt’s 1984</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=57051</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1410kaddous2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Egypt&amp;#x002019;s 1984&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi’s steps to quash dissent exceed the Mubarak era’s in scope and intensity.</description>
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         <pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2014 15:25:31 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Taking Advantage of Morocco’s Security Threat</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56903</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/1410masbah2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Taking Advantage of Morocco&amp;#x002019;s Security Threat&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Although Morocco is not immune to terrorism, the authorities’ exaggeration of the security threat does more to serve the Ministry of Interior than to fight terrorism.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56903</guid>
         <pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2014 16:11:18 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Tunisia’s Uncertain Elections</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56873</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/201410mersch2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Tunisia&amp;#x002019;s Uncertain Elections&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Talk of Tunisia’s elections has focused on parties and individuals, not issues, leaving many citizens unsure for whom to vote.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56873</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2014 15:05:24 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Hamas After the Ceasefire</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56759</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/bertisep2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Hamas After the Ceasefire&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Hamas’s small tactical gains are unlikely to translate any short-term popularity boost into long-term political capital.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56759</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 25 Sep 2014 15:10:56 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Saleh Bites Back</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56674</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/nassersep21.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Saleh Bites Back&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh is seeking to take advantage of the Houthi conflict to reestablish his influence and pave the way for his son to take power.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56674</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 18 Sep 2014 16:26:28 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Confronting the Islamic State</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56598</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/hhassansep2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Confronting the Islamic State&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Airstrikes against ISIS will provide the Syrian opposition an opportunity to work alongside countries that long doubted its ability to rule a post-Assad Syria.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56598</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 11 Sep 2014 17:59:58 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Egypt’s Judiciary, Coopted</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56426</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/saziz2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Egypt&amp;#x002019;s Judiciary, Coopted&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;The executive branch’s persistent efforts to discourage and punish independent judges have left the judiciary weak and coopted.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56426</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2014 18:40:17 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Debating a Kurdish State</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56374</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/serhun2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Debating a Kurdish State&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Prospects for an independent Kurdish state are hampered by security challenges, internal competition, and insufficient international support.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56374</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2014 15:10:19 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Securing Lebanon, Widening Divides</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56303</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/corbeiljul2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Securing Lebanon, Widening Divides&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Heightened tensions in Tripoli are prompting new measures meant to allay Sunni concerns, but these will not work unless the root causes of discontent are addressed.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56303</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2014 16:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Islamists Ahead in Morocco</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56279</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/maaticonst2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;The Islamists Ahead in Morocco&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;With the exception of the Islamists, Morocco’s political parties have failed to take advantage of the post-2011 openings in political space.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56279</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 2014 16:18:27 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Sisi’s Dilemma</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56247</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/scott2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Sisi&amp;#x002019;s Dilemma&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;As long as Sisi remains heavily dependent on the military and other state institutions, he can neither push too hard against their interests nor count on them to always back his policies.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56247</guid>
         <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2014 16:29:51 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Individuals Before Parties in Egypt’s Elections</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56157</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/amorsy2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Individuals Before Parties in Egypt&amp;#x002019;s Elections&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Egypt’s new parliamentary elections law will empower old networks.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56157</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jul 2014 19:18:33 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Will the Palestinian Unity Government Survive?</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56069</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/jarbensjuly2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Will the Palestinian Unity Government Survive?&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Fundamental flaws in the Hamas-Fatah reconciliation deal, including disputes over security cooperation with Israel, may lead to the fall of the unity government.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=56069</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2014 14:43:03 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>A Bellwether of Palestinian Politics</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=55881</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/obaid2.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;A Bellwether of Palestinian Politics&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Judging by recent student council elections in the West Bank, Fatah can expect a narrow lead in the upcoming national elections, as long as voter turnout doesn’t increase, which would play in Hamas’s favor.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=55881</guid>
         <pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2014 15:27:44 +0000</pubDate>
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      <item>
         <title>Photo Essay: Gaza’s Views on Reconciliation</title>
         <link>http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=55726</link>
         <description>&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://carnegieendowment.org/images/article_images/shurrabemail.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Photo Essay: Gaza&amp;#x002019;s Views on Reconciliation&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; style=&quot;float:left;padding:3px 10px 5px 0;&quot;/&gt;Despite skepticism, Gazans are hopeful about the prospects of unity between Hamas and Fatah.</description>
         <guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=show&amp;article=55726</guid>
         <pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2014 14:29:36 +0000</pubDate>
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