Aspirants

Preamble to the Constitution of India: Analysis, Key Principles, and Landmark Amendments

2025-03-02T06:33:00.001+05:30

Preamble of the Indian Constitution: Key Principles and Amendments

Introduction
Full Text of the Preamble
Overview of Key Terms in the Preamble
1. Sovereign
2. Socialist
Difference: Socialism vs. Communism
3. Secular
4. Democratic
Direct and Indirect Democracy
Tools for Direct Democracy
5. Republic
6. Justice
7. Liberty
8. Equality
9. Fraternity
Ingredients of the Constitution
Interpretation of the Preamble
Amendment of the Preamble
Conclusion

Introduction

The Preamble to the Constitution of India serves as an introductory statement that outlines the guiding principles and objectives on which the Constitution is based. It aids in the legal interpretation of the Constitution, especially in cases where the language may appear ambiguous. Drafted and adopted on 26 November 1949 and enforced on 26 January 1950, the Preamble reflects the nation's aspirations and fundamental values.

Full Text of the Preamble

B. R. Ambedkar, in discussions about the Preamble, famously emphasised that liberty, equality, and fraternity are inseparable:

“It was, indeed, a way of life, which recognizes liberty, equality, and fraternity as the principles of life and which cannot be divorced from each other... Without fraternity, liberty and equality could not become a natural course of things.”

Below is the complete text of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution:

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:
JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Overview of Key Terms in the Preamble

The keywords Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity form the foundation of India’s constitutional philosophy and governance.

1. Sovereign

Meaning: India is independent and self-governing, not subject to any external authority. It can make decisions on internal and external affairs freely. Membership in international organisations like the United Nations does not diminish India’s sovereignty.

2. Socialist

Meaning: Indian socialism, derived from democratic socialism, promotes a mixed economy combining public and private sectors. The word “Socialist” was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.

Resolves poverty and inequality by blending Marxist principles and Gandhian ideals.
The 1991 Economic Policy introduced liberalisation, privatisation, and globalisation, which modified the earlier socialist stance.

Difference: Socialism vs. Communism

PARAMETER	SOCIALISM	COMMUNISM
Ownership of Means of Production	Means of production are owned or regulated by the state or community. Private property can exist, but the government plays a major role in regulation.	No private ownership of means of production; all property is collectively owned, aiming for a classless society with no social or economic hierarchies.
Distribution of Wealth	Wealth is redistributed to reduce income inequalities; progressive taxation and social welfare may be used.	Follows “from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs”; no private accumulation of wealth.
Role of the State	State often owns and manages key industries and may regulate private sectors. It ensures social welfare but can allow private ownership.	The State is expected to eventually wither away, as the ultimate goal is a classless, stateless society.
Transition to Full Communism	Socialism is a transitional stage between capitalism and communism, aiming to correct capitalist inequalities.	Communism is the ultimate goal where complete equality is achieved, negating the need for a state apparatus.

3. Secular

Meaning: Added by the 42nd Amendment Act (1976), “Secular” ensures all religions are treated equally, safeguarding religious freedom under Articles 25 to 28. Indian secularism adopts a positive approach where the state is neutral but supportive of all faiths without discrimination.

Categories based on a state’s attitude towards religion:

Atheistic State: Opposes all forms of religious belief, restricting religious activities. Example: Certain communist nations.
Theocratic State: One religion strongly influences governance. Examples include Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, etc.
Secular State: Maintains neutrality in religious matters. Does not endorse or promote any particular religion. Examples: India, USA.

4. Democratic

Meaning: “Democratic” indicates that power ultimately resides with the people. India is a parliamentary democracy, ensuring:

Universal adult franchise
Rule of law
Independent judiciary
Non-discrimination on certain grounds

Democracy extends to social and economic spheres, aligning with values of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Abraham Lincoln famously emphasised “government of the people, by the people, for the people,” highlighting the essential spirit of democracy.

Forms of Democracy

Direct Democracy: Citizens vote on laws and policies themselves (e.g., ancient Athens, certain Swiss cantons).
Indirect Democracy (Representative): Citizens elect representatives to legislate on their behalf. Examples: India, USA.

Tools for Direct Democracy

Referendum: Legislations are referred to voters for direct approval or rejection.
Initiative: Citizens can propose a bill by collecting sufficient signatures; the bill is then placed for public vote.
Recall: Process allowing voters to remove an elected official before term expiration, given enough petition support.
Plebiscite: A direct vote to gauge public opinion on critical issues, often related to territorial disputes.

5. Republic

Meaning: India’s head of state (the President) is elected for a fixed tenure. There is no hereditary monarchy; public offices are open to all citizens.

6. Justice

The Preamble mentions three forms of justice: social, economic, and political.

Social justice: Eliminates discrimination, promotes equality, and uplifts backward sections and women.
Economic justice: Seeks to reduce wealth and income disparities, preventing discrimination based on economic status.
Political justice: Ensures equal political rights, participation in governance, and no undue barriers to public office.

7. Liberty

Meaning: Liberty ensures freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship, protected under Fundamental Rights. However, it is subject to constitutional limitations to maintain public order and respect others’ rights.

This ideal traces back to the French Revolution (1789–1799).

8. Equality

Meaning: Equality signifies the absence of special privileges and discrimination, guaranteeing equal opportunities to all. It includes:

Equality before law
No discrimination on grounds like religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth
Abolition of untouchability
Equal opportunity in public employment
Universal adult suffrage

9. Fraternity

Meaning: Fraternity implies a sense of brotherhood among citizens. It is reinforced by single citizenship in India and emphasised in the Fundamental Duties, encouraging harmony and the dignity of individuals.

Ingredients of the Constitution in the Preamble

Source of Authority: The Constitution draws authority from the People of India.
Nature of the State: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
Objectives: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.
Date of Adoption: Adopted on 26 November 1949.

Interpretation of the Preamble

Berubari Union Case (1960): The Supreme Court acknowledged the Preamble’s role in interpreting unclear parts of the Constitution but initially opined that it is not part of the Constitution.

Kesavananda Bharati Case (1973): The Supreme Court reversed its earlier stance, affirming the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution. It emphasised interpreting the Constitution in the spirit of the “grand and noble vision” in the Preamble.

Amendment of the Preamble

The Preamble can be amended under Article 368. However, amendments cannot destroy or alter the basic features of the Constitution embodied in the Preamble.

The Preamble was amended only once (42nd Amendment, 1976), adding “Socialist,” “Secular,” and “Integrity.”
The Supreme Court upheld this amendment, holding it did not violate the Constitution’s basic structure.

Conclusion

The Preamble of the Constitution of India underscores the core values—Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic, along with Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. It remains an interpretive guide, reflecting the nation’s fundamental aspirations and serving as a beacon for governance and law-making. Although not justiciable and not a direct source of legislative power, its importance in understanding and preserving the basic structure of the Constitution is paramount.

Governor: Powers, Functions, and Constitutional Position

2025-01-15T11:40:00.040+05:30

<b>Governor: Powers, Functions, and Constitutional Position</b>

Governor: Powers, Functions, and Constitutional Position

1. Introduction
2. Appointment of Governor
3. Term of Governor's Office
4. Qualification for Appointment
5. Condition of Office
6. Oath or Affirmation
7. Privileges and Immunities
8. Powers and Functions of Governor
9. Constitutional Position
10. Comparison: Governor and President
11. Prelims-Based Question (PYQ)
12. Mains-Based Question (PYQ)

1. Introduction

The Indian Constitution follows a parliamentary system of government at both the Central and State levels. Part VI of the Constitution deals with the State Government, encompassing the Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers, and Advocate General of the State. Articles 153 to 167 outline the structure and responsibilities of the State Executive.

Unlike the central structure, there is no office equivalent to the Vice-President in the State hierarchy. Consequently, the Governor is the nominal head of the State, mirroring the role of the President at the national level, albeit with certain unique features.

2. Appointment of Governor

Under Article 155, the Governor of a State is appointed by the President. Originally, there was a proposal for direct election by universal adult suffrage, but the Constituent Assembly opted for appointment based on the following considerations:

Aligns with the parliamentary system operating in the States.
Avoids potential conflicts between the Governor and Chief Minister.
Costly elections for a largely ceremonial position were deemed unnecessary.
Helps maintain the Governor’s political neutrality and prevents separatist tendencies.

3. Term of Governor's Office

As per Article 156, the Governor holds office at the pleasure of the President for a term of five years. However, they can be removed by the President at any time without specifying reasons, and they may also continue in office beyond five years until a successor assumes the role. The Governor can voluntarily resign by submitting a resignation to the President.

4. Qualification for Appointment as a Governor

Article 157 stipulates two essential qualifications for the office of Governor:

The individual must be a citizen of India.
The individual must be at least 35 years of age.

5. Condition of Office of Governor

Article 158 outlines certain conditions for the Governor's office:

The Governor cannot be a member of Parliament or a State Legislature. If appointed, they are deemed to have vacated their seat on assuming office.
The Governor cannot hold any other office of profit.
The Governor is entitled to an official residence (Raj Bhavan) without paying rent, and their salary and allowances are determined by Parliament.
If the same person is Governor of multiple States, the expenses are shared among the States as decided by the President.
The Governor's emoluments cannot be diminished during their term of office.

6. Oath or Affirmation by the Governor

Article 159 requires the Governor (or any individual acting as Governor) to take an oath before the Chief Justice of the High Court (or the senior-most judge available). The oath affirms commitment to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution and to serve the people of the State.

7. Privileges and Immunities

Much like the President, the Governor enjoys personal immunity from legal liability for official actions. They are also protected from criminal proceedings during their term, although civil proceedings related to personal actions require a two-month notice.

8. Powers and Functions of Governor

Executive Powers

All executive actions of the State are taken in the Governor’s name.
They appoint the Chief Minister and other Ministers on the CM’s advice. Ministers hold office during the Governor’s pleasure.
They can make rules for the more convenient transaction of State Government business and allocate responsibilities among Ministers.
They can recommend President’s Rule in the State (Article 356) if the State Government cannot function as per constitutional provisions.
They act as the Chancellor of State universities, typically appointing Vice-Chancellors.

Legislative Powers

They summon, prorogue, and dissolve the State Legislature.
They address the Legislature at the commencement of its first session each year and can send messages regarding pending bills.
They can nominate members with special knowledge or expertise to the Legislative Council. They could also nominate one member from the Anglo-Indian community to the Legislative Assembly (now abolished by the 104th Amendment Act, 2019).
They can reserve certain bills for Presidential consideration, especially if it endangers the position of the High Court or has potential constitutional conflicts.

Ordinance Power

Under Article 213, the Governor can promulgate ordinances when the State Legislature is not in session. However, these ordinances must be approved by the Legislature within six weeks of reassembly or they cease to operate.

Financial Powers

The Annual Financial Statement (Budget) is introduced in the State Legislature on the Governor’s recommendation.
Money Bills require the Governor’s prior recommendation.
The Governor can authorize advances from the State’s Contingency Fund to meet unforeseen expenses.

Judicial Powers

Under Article 161, the Governor can grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment for offenses against State laws.
They cannot pardon a death sentence; that power is vested in the President. However, they may suspend, remit, or commute a death sentence.
They oversee, along with the High Court, the appointment, posting, and promotion of District Judges and appoint others to the State judicial services as recommended by the State Public Service Commission.

Discretionary Powers

The Governor possesses two types of discretionary powers: constitutional discretion (explicitly granted by the Constitution, e.g., reserving a bill for the President) and situational discretion (exercised under specific circumstances, such as when no party has a clear majority to form a government).

9. Constitutional Position of Governor

The Governor is the constitutional head of the State, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers, except in situations where they must exercise discretion. Comparisons have been drawn between the Governor’s role as a “link” versus an “agent” of the Centre; ideally, the Governor should serve as a neutral bridge between the State and Union rather than merely executing directives from the Central Government.

If the Governor reports that the State cannot be governed per constitutional norms, the President may impose President’s Rule (Article 356). The Governor, thus, has a pivotal role in recommending this step but is expected to use this power judiciously.

10. Comparison Between the Governor and the President

Aspect	President	Governor
Ordinary Bills	1. Assent 2. Withhold Assent 3. Return for reconsideration (except Money Bill)	1. Assent 2. Withhold Assent 3. Return for reconsideration (if not a Money Bill) 4. Reserve the bill for President’s consideration
Money Bills	Can’t return for reconsideration, only assent or withhold	Can assent, withhold, or reserve for President
Discretion	Primarily bound by ministerial advice; no constitutional discretion	Has certain constitutional and situational discretion (e.g., recommending President’s Rule, reserving bills for President)
Pardon Powers	Can pardon, suspend, remit, or commute punishments for central law offenses and can pardon death sentences	Can pardon, suspend, remit, or commute punishments for State law offenses Cannot pardon death sentences

11. Prelims Based Question (PYQ)

Sample MCQ:

Which of the following statements regarding the Governor’s ordinance-making power (Article 213) is correct?

The ordinance can remain in force for a maximum of six months.
The Governor cannot withdraw the ordinance once promulgated.
The ordinance must be approved by the State Legislature within six weeks of its reassembly.
The Governor can issue an ordinance even on matters outside the State List.

Answer: (C) The ordinance must be approved by the State Legislature within six weeks of its reassembly.

12. Mains Based Question (PYQ)

Question: Discuss the discretionary powers of the Governor in India and evaluate how effectively they maintain a balance between State autonomy and the Union’s authority.

Hint for Approach:

Explain constitutional and situational discretion.
Cite relevant articles (e.g., 163, 356) and case laws.
Analyze recent controversies and propose reforms or guidelines.

Conclusion

The Governor’s role in India is multifaceted, acting as the constitutional head of the State, a figure who ensures the Constitution is upheld, and a link between the State and the Union. Understanding the nuances of the Governor’s powers—executive, legislative, financial, and judicial—is critical for competitive examinations and a functional democracy.

Ultimately, the Governor must exercise these powers and discretions in good faith, safeguarding the spirit of federalism and the democratic ethos enshrined in the Constitution.

Source: Indian Constitution (Articles 153 to 167), relevant amendments, and standard reference texts.
Provided by: Aspirants

CLASS -6 || CHAPTER-1 || SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE || NCERT MCQs

2024-12-30T06:04:00.022+05:30

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE I

Indian Diversity & Governance Quiz

Ancient Indian History MCQs part-1

2022-01-15T18:30:00.000+05:30

Multiple Choice Quiz Questions (MCQs) on Ancient Indian History for General Studies and GK preparation of UPSC,SSC, NDA, CDS, UPPSC, RPSC and State PSC Examinations. A chapter-wise course of Ancient Indian History MCQs/ objective questions series. download pdf .

1. Which Veda depicts the information about the most ancient Vedic age culture?

1. Rig Veda
2. Atharvaveda
3. Yajurveda
4. samveda

2. Who was the court poet of Samudragupta?

1. Banabhatta
2. Bhavabhuti
3. Harishen
4. Chand Bardai

3. Who was the first Tirthankara of the Jains?

1. Ajitnath
2. Rishabhdev
3. Aristhenemi
4. Parshwnath

4. What was Lord Mahavira's name prior to acquiring the knowledge?

1. Vardhman
2. Sudhakar
3. Anshuman
4. suraj

5. Kalinga's King Kharvela was associated with which of the following dynasty?

1. Mahameghavahana dynasty
2. Haryanka dynasty
3. Satvahana dynasty
4. Rath-Bhojak dynasty

6. Who was the Buddhist monk who helped Indo-greek ruler Menander to convert to Buddhism?

1. Amoghvarsa
2. Milinda
3. Nagasena
4. Aryadeva

7. The King Gondophernes belonged to which of the following dynasties?

1. Kushana dynasty
2. Shaka dynasty
3. Parthians
4. Indo-Greek

8. The Superintendent for agriculture in the Mauryan administration was known as?

1. Sitaadhyakshya
2. Sulkadhyakshya
3. Pauthavadhyakshya
4. Lohadhyakshya

9. Couple burial was found in which of the following Harappan sites?

1. Harappa
2. Mohenjodaro
3. Lothal
4. Chanhudado

10. Defeat of which dynasty paved way for the establishment of Mauryan dynasty?

1. Hoysala Dynasty
2. Chandela Dynasty
3. Nanda Dynasty
4. Aryanka Dynasty

IAS Books list for UPSC Civil Services Prelims and Mains Exam Preparation

2021-08-27T16:09:00.001+05:30

IAS Books list for UPSC Civil Services Prelims and Mains Exam Preparation

Start your preparation with NCERTs (6-12th)

Download pdfs -

NCERTs in HINDI ( click here)

NCERTs in ENGLISH (click here)

Buy all 44 NCERTs- (Click here)

UPSC Books list for Indian Polity and Constitution

Indian Polity – by M. Laxmikanth (Click to buy)
Important Acts that Transformed India – by Alex Andrews George (Click to buy)
Important Judgments that Transformed India – by Alex Andrews George (Click to buy)

UPSC Books list for Indian Geography and World Geography

Certificate Physical And Human Geography – by Goh Cheng Leong (Click to buy)
Geography of India – by Majid Husain (Click to buy)
Orient BlackSwan School Atlas (Click to buy)
Oxford Student Atlas for India (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Science and Technology

Quick Book- General Science and Science & Technology Dristhi IAS- (Click to buy)
Science and Technology – by Ravi P. Agrahari (Click to buy)

UPSC Books list for Indian History and Culture

Indian Art and Culture – by Nitin Singhania (Click to buy)
Ancient and Medieval India – by Poonam Dalal Dahiya (Click to buy)
SPECTRUM - A Brief History of Modern India - 2021 edition (Click to buy)
Modern Indian History – by Sonali Bansal and Snehil Tripathi (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Indian Economy

Indian Economy – by Ramesh Singh (Click to buy)
Indian Economy – by Nitin Singhania (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Environment – Ecology, Biodiversity and Climate Change

Environment – By Shankar IAS (Click to buy)
Ecology & Environment Compendium for IAS Prelims General Studies Paper 1 & State PSC- Disha publication (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Current Affairs

India 2021 Yearbook – by Rajiv Mehrishi (Click to buy)
The Malayala Manorama English Yearbook 2021 – by Mammen Mathew (Click to buy)

UPSC Previous Year Question Papers

26 Years UPSC IAS/ IPS Prelims Topic-wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 (1995-2020) (Click to buy)

Prelims Book for General Studies (All-in-One Guide)

General Studies Manual Paper-1 2021 Paperback – by Manohar Pandey (Click to buy)

Prelims Book for CSAT (All-in-One Guide)

Cracking the CSAT Paper-2 – by Arihant Experts (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Mains examination

IAS Books list for Essay (UPSC Mains Essay Paper)

151 Essays – by Disha Experts (Click to buy)
Selected Contemporary Essays Paperback – by Saumitra Mohan (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for India Since Independence (UPSC Mains GS1 Paper)

Post-Independence India: For Civil Services Examinations – by Sonali Bansal and Snehil Tripathi (Click to buy)
India Since Independence- Bipan Chandra (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for World History (UPSC Mains GS1 Paper)

World History – by Krishna Reddy (Click to buy)
World History (G.S. Paper - 1)- by Vajiram & Ravi (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude (UPSC Mains GS4 Paper)

Lexicon for Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude for IAS General Studies – by Niraj Kumar (Click to buy)
Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude for Civil Services Examination Second Edition: Includes fully-solved papers 2013-20 (Top Now) (Click to buy)
Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude – by G Subba Rao & P N Roy Chowdhury (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Indian Society (UPSC Mains GS1 Paper)

Indian Society: Themes and Social Issues – by Nadeem Hasnain (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Governance (UPSC Mains GS2 Paper)

Governance in India Paperback – by M. Laxmikanth (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Internal Security (UPSC Mains GS3 Paper)

Challenges to Internal Security of India – by Ashok Kumar and Vipul Anekant (Click to buy)

UPSC Books for Foreign Relations of India (UPSC Mains GS2 Paper)

International Relations – by Pavneet Singh (Click to buy)

Paper-wise All-in-One Book list for UPSC CSE (Mains)

IAS Mains General Studies Manual General Studies Paper 1 – by Arihant (Click to buy)
IAS Mains General Studies Manual General Studies Paper 2 – by Arihant (Click to buy)
IAS Mains General Studies Manual General Studies Paper 3 – by Arihant (Click to buy)
IAS Mains General Studies Manual General Studies Paper 4 – by Arihant (Click to buy)

Books By UPSC Toppers

UPSC Civil Service IAS-IPS, IES and State PSC Main Exam Preparation, CSE, CAPF, UPPSC Essay and Answer-Writing Cheatbook | Code-Cracking Knowledge Bank for Ultimate Cheatbook- by IRS Ravi Kapoor (Click to buy)

Other Reference Books for UPSC Exams

Constitution: Introduction to the Constitution of India by D. D. Basu (Click to buy)
Post-Independence: India Since Independence by Bipan Chandra (Click to buy)
Post-Independence: India After Gandhi by Ramchandra Guha (Click to buy)
Governance: Governance in India by M.Karthikeyan (Click to buy)
Ancient India: India’s Ancient Past by R.S. Sharma (Click to buy)
Ancient India: History of Ancient and Early Medieval India by Upinder Singh (Click to buy)
Medieval India: History Of Medieval India by Satish Chandra (Click to buy)
Modern India: History Of Modern India by Bipan Chandra. (Click to buy)
Modern India: India’s Struggle For Independence by Bipan Chandra (Click to buy)
Ancient India and Culture: The Wonder That Was India by A.L. Bhasham (Click to buy)
Modern India: Spectrum- A Brief History of Modern India by Rajiv Ahir (Click to buy)
Physical Geography: Physical Geography by Savindra Singh (Click to buy)
World Geography: World Geography by Majid Husain (Click to buy)
Human Geography: Human Geography by Majid Husain (Click to buy)
Environment: Environmental Studies: From Crisis to Cure by Rajagopalan (Click to buy)
Environment: Environment for Civil Services Prelims and Mains by Khuller (Click to buy)
Ethics: Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude by Awdesh Singh (Click to buy)
Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas of a Civil Servant by Anil Swarup (Click to buy)
Reasoning: Analytical Reasoning by M. K. Pandey (Click to buy)
Reasoning: Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning by R. S.Aggarwal (Click to buy)
World History: History of the World by Arjun Dev (Click to buy)
World History: Mastering Modern World History by Norman Lowe (Click to buy)
World History: Modern World History by Uddipan (Click to buy)
Indian Society: Social Problems In India by Ram Ahuja (Click to buy)
Indian Society: Indian Society by Senthil (Click to buy)
International Relations: Pax Indica by Shashi Tharoor (Click to buy)
International Relations: India and the World by Surendra Kumar (Click to buy)
International Relations: The India way by S. Jaishankar (Click to buy)

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 1-2 August, 2021

2021-08-22T21:10:00.004+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021, 22-23 July current affairs for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Daily current affairs Questions: Current affairs is a very important section in almost every competitive exams like FSSAI, RRB NTPC, FCI, CWC, LIC, ESIC, IBPS, SBI, RBI, AAI, DRDO, ISRO, NTRO, State Level Exams, UPSC & Various Competitive Exams. Questions based on Current affairs are always asked in various competitive exams. In this post we are providing you the Todays current affairs questions. Practice these Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of Current affairs.

Que.1.

Who will be honoured with National Lokmanya Tilak award 2021?

Cyrus Poonawalla

Que.2.

“International Friendship Day” is celebrated in the United Nations, on which date?

UN General assembly proclaimed July 30 as the International day of Friendship.

Que.3.

What was the new theme of the “World Day against Trafficking 2021”?

The theme of 2021 was “Victims’ voices lead the way”.

To raise awareness about the importance of interacting with the survivors of human trafficking.

Que.4.

What is INDRA-21?

The Joint Military Exercise of Indian Army and Russian Army.

Que.5.

What is e-RUPI?

e-RUPI is a cashless and contactless method for digital payment.

Que.6.

What is SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region)?

India’s strategic vision for the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

Que.7.

Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is published by-

National Statistical Office (NSO)

Que.8.

Which industries are measured under IIP?

The 8-core sector industries are measured under IIP, in decreasing order of their weightage:

Refinery Products> Electricity> Steel> Coal> Crude Oil> Natural Gas> Cement> Fertilizers

Que.9.

Pangolins are anteaters found in which region of India.

In the Himalayan and north-eastern region of India, respectively.

Que.10.

The good ozone is present in which layer of the earth's atmosphere.

In stratosphere layer- It protects human beings from harmful Ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Que.11.

Who has hosted the Central and South Asia Conference 2021 recently?

Uzbekistan

Que.12.

Which country has become the world's 1st country who allowed to produce 'Golden Rice', commercially ?

Phillippines

Que.13.

In which state the first sports university will be established?

Bihar

Que.14.

Who has become the new Prime Minister of Lebanon recently?

Najib Mikati

Que.15.

Which country has won its first gold in Olympics recently?

Philippines

Que.15.

International Tiger Day -

29 July

Que.16.

Which has become the only city in the country to be selected for the International Clean Air Catalyst Program recently?

Indore

Que.17.

Which has become the first green industrial zone of India to get Platinum rating recently?

Kandla Special Economic Zone

Que.18.

Which country's oldest observatory Chankilo has been given the status of World Heritage by UNESCO?

America

Que.19.

According to the recent report, what is the percentage increase in the cases of SC/ST atrocities?

11.46%

Que.20.

Who has been appointed as the Delhi Police Commissioner recently?

Mr. Rakesh Asthana

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 28-31 July, 2021

2021-07-31T17:00:00.003+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 28-31 July, 2021

Que.1.

Which space agency announced to send rockets to Jupiter recently?

NASA

Que.2.

which state's Kakatiya Rudreshwar Temple has been included in the 39th UNESCO World Heritage List of India?

Telangana

Que.3.

Who will be the first space tourist of India to travel to space?

Santosh George

Que.4.

Recently who has become the new DG of the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security?

Nasir Kamal

Que.5.

Which state government has recently launched Devarnya Yojana?

Madhya Pradesh

Que.6.

Recently, IMF has estimated India's GDP growth rate for the financial year 2022, how much?

9.5%

Que.7.

Where will the India-Russia joint military exercise INDRA 2021 be held recently?

Volgograd (Russia)

Que.8.

Which city has become the first city in India to provide Quality drinking water recently?

Puri (odisha)

Que.9.

Ngangom Bala Devi is associated with which sports?

Football

Que.10.

Nigeria will launch its own crypto currency by which name?

e-naira

Que.11.

Who has hosted the Central and South Asia Conference 2021 recently?

Uzbekistan

Que.12.

Which country has become the world's 1st country who allowed to produce 'Golden Rice', commercially ?

Phillippines

Que.13.

In which state the first sports university will be established?

Bihar

Que.14.

Who has become the new Prime Minister of Lebanon recently?

Najib Mikati

Que.15.

Which country has won its first gold in Olympics recently?

Philippines

Que.15.

International Tiger Day -

29 July

Que.16.

Which has become the only city in the country to be selected for the International Clean Air Catalyst Program recently?

Indore

Que.17.

Which has become the first green industrial zone of India to get Platinum rating recently?

Kandla Special Economic Zone

Que.18.

Which country's oldest observatory Chankilo has been given the status of World Heritage by UNESCO?

America

Que.19.

According to the recent report, what is the percentage increase in the cases of SC/ST atrocities?

11.46%

Que.20.

Who has been appointed as the Delhi Police Commissioner recently?

Mr. Rakesh Asthana

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 26-27 July, 2021

2021-07-27T22:00:00.004+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 26-27 July, 2021

Que.1.

which country is set to launch its own social media platform named 'JogaJog' ?

Bangladesh

Que.2.

'Vijay diwas' is celebrated on ?

India celebrates 16 December as 'Vijay Diwas' to commemorate the victory over Pakistan during the 1971 war.

Que.3.

Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated on?

26 july

Que.4.

'Harit sohra Afforestation campaign' launched recently, in which city/ state?

Cherrapunji

Que.5.

In which north-east state Balpakram National Park is located?

Meghalaya

Que.6.

Which city is selected for 100th smart city of india?

Shillong

Que.7.

Recently, Who has been appointed as the Director General of the Bureau of civil aviation security?

Nasir kamal

Que.8.

In which year WTO (world trade organization) was formulated?

1 January 1995

Que.9.

Ngangom Bala Devi is associated with which sports?

Football

Que.10.

'High salt and low oxygen conditions' are favorable for which type of vegetation?

Mangroves

Que.11.

Santosh Trophy is related to which Sport?

Football

Que.12.

Which country has become the world's 1st country who allowed to produce 'Golden Rice', commercially ?

Phillippines

Que.13.

Which state have the GI tag for Black Rice?

Manipur

Que.14.

Which state have the GI tag for Navara Rice?

Kerala

Que.15.

Which space agency has been selected by NASA (USA) to provide launch services for Europa Clipper Mission?

SpaceX

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 24-25 July, 2021

2021-07-25T18:33:00.001+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 24-25 July, 2021

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021, 24-25 July current affairs for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Que.1.

Which country has invited India, recently, to the Troika Plus meet on Afghanistan?

Russia (Aim- To discuss the role of Taliban and the upcoming future of the landlocked country, Afghanistan.)

Que.2.

What is ‘AMLEX’ that is developed by the IIT, Ropar?

Oxygen Rationing Device

(AMLEX device will help to supply a suitable and required volume of oxygen to the patients.)

Que.3.

when SEZs were established in India?

In 2000 under its Foreign Trade Policy.

Que.4.

FIDE federation is related to which game?

Federation Internationale des Echecs (FIDE)

Que.5.

Where was the Asia’s first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was established?

In 1965 at Kandla, Gujarat

Que.6.

The 'Mission Purvodaya' is related to which sector?

Steel Industry

Que.7.

The ‘Baba Kalyani Committee’, recently in the news, is related to?

Special Economic Zones Policy (constituted by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry)

Que.8.

In India, ‘Right to strike’, comes under ?

Legal Right

Que.9.

Which state has the largest share of mangroves cover in India.

West Bengal

Que.10.

'High salt and low oxygen conditions' are favorable for which type of vegetation?

Mangroves

Que.11.

The list of World Heritage Sites is maintained by which Programme ?

The international World Heritage Programme by UNESCO.

Que.12.

In which city the country's first Indian Heritage Institute will be set up?

Noida

Que.13.

who has been excluded from the UNESCO World Heritage List recently?

liverpool

Que.14.

who has launched Arogya Rakshak Health Insurance Scheme?

LIC

Que.15.

Which country has successfully test-fired the S-500 missile recently?

Russia

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 22-23 July, 2021

2021-07-23T09:00:00.003+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 22-23 July, 2021

Que.1.

Which country has expanded the Child Tax Credit Program?

America

Que.2.

India's first Green Hydrogen Plant built by ?

By (IOC) Indian Oil Corporation ( At mathura)

Que.3.

Which country has banned all free internet services?

Bangladesh

Que.4.

In which country FIFA 2022 World Cup will be organized?

Qatar

Que.5.

Who has won the Sparkson Trophy 2021?

Viswanathan Anand

Que.6.

Who has won the Palme d'or Award at the Cannes Film Festival 2021?

Juliya Ducornau

Que.7.

Which country has recently launched its first Mars mission "HOPE"?

UAE

Que.8.

ADB (Asian Development Bank) has estimated India's GDP growth rate for the financial year 2022?

10.5%

Que.9.

What is the name of the operation recently launched by the Indian Navy to protect Indian ships in the Gulf Region?

Operation Resolution.

Que.10.

Who has become the new President of Peru 2021?

Pedro Castillo

Que.11.

which state has started Pink Protection Project?

Kerala

Que.12.

who has been selected for AIFF Women's Footballer of the Year 2020 - 21?

Bala Devi

Que.13.

Where has the first book village of Kerala opened ?

Kollam

Que.14.

Who has been sworn in as the Prime Minister of Haiti ?

Ariel Henry

Que.15.

In which state's Kunaria village, the first election of girl child panchayat has been conducted?

Gujarat

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 21 July, 2021

2021-07-21T11:02:00.002+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 21 July, 2021

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021, 21 July current affairs for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Que.1.

which state government has started One Block One Product Scheme?

Haryana

Que.2.

The name of Jammu and Kashmir High Court has been changed into?

Jammu Kashmir and Ladakh High Court

Que.3.

With which countries India has conducted a virtual maritime exercise TTX 2021 Recently?

Sri Lanka and Maldives

Que.4.

In which state all vocational courses will be taught in Kannada language?

Karnataka

Que.5.

Which Union Ministry has Drafted National Strategy and Roadmap for Development of Tourism in Rural area in India?

Ministry of Tourism

Que.6.

Which is the first mRNA vaccine, who get the Emergency Use License in India?

Moderna mRNA 1273

Que.7.

The Rampal Power Station is located in which country?

Bangladesh

Que.8.

Jolo island is located in which country?

Philippines

Que.9.

Which countries have been included as member countries by ICC?

Mongolia, Tajikistan, Switzerland

Que.10.

who has written a book named The India Story?

Vimal Jalan

Que.11.

Which country has made the world record for the world's fastest internet speed?

Japan

Que.12.

Who has recently won the British Grand Prix 2021?

Lewis Hamilton

Que.13.

Which state's High Court has become the first court in the country to broadcast live proceedings on YouTube?

Gujarat

Que.14.

who will be honored with Mohun Bagan Ratna recently?

Shivaji Banerjee

Que.15.

Which organisation built The India’s first Indigenous drone defence dome ‘Indrajal’?

Grene Robotics, a Hyderabad based technology R&D company.

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 20 July, 2021

2021-07-20T12:13:00.008+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 20 July, 2021

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021, 20 July current affairs for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Que.1.

who has won the Oil d' and Golden Eye award for Best Documentary at the 74th Cannes Film Festival?

"A night of doing nothing"

Que.2.

The central government has increased the dearness allowance and dearness relief of employees and pensioners from 17% to what percent?

28%

Que.3.

In which state Harela festival has been celebrated ?

Uttarakhand

Que.4.

In which state, Smriti Van has been inaugurated recently?

Uttarakhand

Que.5.

Recently the first online NISHTHA program has been started in which state?

Andhra Pradesh

Que.6.

which company has decided to make hardware wallet for bitcoin?

Square

Que.7.

Which country has developed the world's first conjugate vaccine for Covid-19, "Sobrana-2"?

Cuba

Que.8.

Wasim Jaffer has been appointed as the head coach of which state cricket team?

Odisha

Que.9.

Who has been appointed as the New MD CEO of SBI Cards and Payment Services?

Ashwini Kumar Tiwari

Que.10.

Ossouka Raponda has become the first woman Prime Minister of which country?

Gabon

Que.11.

Which operation launched by the Indian Navy force to protect Indian vessels in the Gulf region?

Operation Sankalp

Que.12.

The first case of monkey-pox virus in humans (1970) was recorded in which country?

Democratic Republic of Congo

Que.13.

Which country will host Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 2021?

New Zealand

Que.14.

Amrabad Tiger Reserve situated in which state/UT?

Telangana

Que.15.

What is the main function of Kisan Rath App?

Transport aggregator for food grains

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 19 July, 2021

2021-07-19T21:05:00.005+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021 for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Que.1.

which state's Poba Reserve Forest will be upgraded into a wildlife sanctuary?

Assam

Que.2.

which railway station has been renamed as Banaras?

Manduadih Railway Station

Que.3.

Bonalu festival is celebrated in which state?

Telangana

Que.4.

World International Day of Justice ?

July 17

Que.5.

India's first pod taxi will run between which places?

Noida [Airport to Film City]

Que.6.

Which Indian journalist has passed away recently, India's first Pulitzer Prize winner?

Danish Siddiqui

Que.7.

which Indian American citizen has been elected as a solicitor of the US Labor Department?

Seema Nanda

Que.8.

who has launched the School Innovation Ambassador Training Program?

Dharmendra Pradhan and Arjun Munda

Que.9.

In which state, the cultivation of monk fruit has been started?

Himachal Pradesh

Que.10.

Who has been appointed as the new chairman of HCL Technology recently?

Roshni Nadar

Que.11.

‘Child Tax Credit programme’, implemented in which country?

USA

Que.12.

Recently, India held a virtual maritime exercise ‘Exercise Shield’, with which countries?

Sri Lanka and Maldives

Que.13.

Which country chaired the 7th BRICS "Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting-2021"?

India

Que.14.

In which city the headquarters of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) is situated?

New Delhi

Que.15.

Which company is the official sponsor of Indian team for the Tokyo Olympics?

INOX Group

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 18 July, 2021

2021-07-18T19:28:00.003+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 18 July, 2021

Que.1.

Which country has appointed its first Honorary Consul General to India in Karnataka?

Vietnam

Que.2.

Chief Minister of which state has started the Bike Taxi Scheme?

Karnataka

Que.3.

Recently who has become the fastest batsman to score 14 ODI centuries?

Babar Azam

Que.4.

Which country has recently approved the emergency use of Johnson & Johnson Covid-19 vaccine?

Vietnam

Que.5.

Which country has recently banned the import of products from China's Xinjiang?

America

Que.6.

Recently who got 10 years UAE Golden Visa?

Sania Mirza

Que.7.

In which country the world's largest solar farm has been unveiled?

Singapore

Que.8.

who has launched the “Covid Vaccine Sang- Safe Forest, Dhan and Udyam" campaign?

Arjun Munda

Que.9.

Dal Lake is situated in which city/town of Jammu & Kashmir?

Srinagar

[Srinagar- the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir]

Also called as the “Jewel in the crown of Kashmir”.

Que.10.

Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is related to which country?

USA (NASA)

Que.11.

Offshore patrol vessel “Sajag” has been commissioned to which Indian armed force?

Indian Coast Guard

Que.12.

which ministry implements ESIC and EPFO schemes ?

Labour Ministry

Que.13.

Pandit Deendayal Energy University is situated in which state?

Gujarat

Que.14.

Mount Eko Dumbing is located in which state?

Arunachal Pradesh

Que.15.

Which type of crops -paddy, sesamum, tur and urad are ?

Kharif

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 17 July, 2021

2021-07-17T19:51:00.004+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 17 July, 2021

Que.1.

what percent India-China trade has grown in the first half of 2021?

62%

Que.2.

which state's Kachhar district has won the SKOCH Award?

Assam

Que.3.

Narendra Modi has inaugurated Rudraksh Convention Center in which city?

Varanasi

Que.4.

which state has announced to give jobs to the differently-abled representing India in international events?

Gujarat

Que.5.

Recently India has launched BHIM-UPI in which country?

Bhutan

Que.6.

Where has the country's first grain ATM started recently?

Gurugram

Que.7.

which has become the first Gulf country to open an embassy in Israel?

UAE

Que.8.

‘Bol Bom Yatra’ is related to which Indian state?

Odisha

Que.9.

Senari massacre of 1999, happened in which state?

Bihar

Que.10.

India’s first ‘Green hydrogen-based mobility project’ set-up in which Indian state/UT?

Ladakh (by- NTPC Renewable Energy)

Que.11.

Who has been appointed as the Leader of House in Rajya Sabha recently?

Mr. Piyush Goyal

Que.12.

What is the venue of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meeting 2021?

Dushanbe

(Dushanbe, The capital of Tajikistan)

Que.13.

Which state is at top position in production of Coal?

Chhattisgarh

Que.14.

‘Tiangong’ space station is related to which country?

China

Que.15.

NEOWISE telescope is related to which space agency?

NASA [Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE)]

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 16 July, 2021

2021-07-16T14:36:00.003+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 16 July, 2021

Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Daily current affairs Questions:

Current affairs is a very important section in almost every competitive exams like FSSAI, RRB NTPC, FCI, CWC, LIC, ESIC, IBPS, SBI, RBI, AAI, DRDO, ISRO, NTRO, State Level Exams, UPSC & Various Competitive Exams. Questions based on Current affairs are always asked in various competitive exams. In this post we are providing you the Todays current affairs questions. Practice these Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) of Current affairs.

Que.1.

Where will India's largest solar park be set up by NTPC Ltd.?

Gujarat

Que.2.

Who has become the 1st player to score 14000 runs in T20 recently?

Chris Gayle

Que.3.

who has become the first Indian gymnastics judge in the Olympics?

Deepak Kabra

Que.4.

In which country has External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar unveiled the statue of MK Gandhi?

Georgia

Que.5.

which state government has decided to give 50% reservation to local students?

Telangana

Que.6.

Who has been appointed as its brand ambassador by Vogue Eyewear recently?

Taapsee Pannu

Que.7.

Where will the country's first Green Hydrogen Mobility Project be set up?

Ladakh

Que.8.

who has written the book titled The Great Big Lion?

Chryseis Knight

Que.9.

which has become the first union territory of the country to do 100% Covid vaccination?

Ladakh

Que.10.

Which organization organized the Indo-Pacific Business Summit 2021?

The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)

Que.11.

Aitoliko lagoon (In NEWS) is located in which country?

Greece-

(Aitoliko lagoon- located in in the northern Patras Gulf in western Greece)

Que.12.

Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill, 2021 is Related with which country? (Recent NEWS)

Pakistan

Aim- To protect women, children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups from domestic violence.

Que.13.

Port city of Qingdao is located in which country? (In the news for a massive algae bloom)

China

Que.14.

Report titled “The Hunger Virus Multiplies” released by?

Oxfam-

As per the report- eleven (11) people die every minute of hunger.

Que.15.

ICESat-2 satellite related to which country?

USA -NASA

‘Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2’

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 15 July, 2021

2021-07-15T22:10:00.017+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 15 July, 2021

Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021 for UPSC, SSC, RPSC, RAS, SI, SBI Clerk, SBI PO, RBI, IBPS PO/Clerk/RRB/SO Banking & competitive exams. Please attempt free online GK current affairs quiz & latest current affairs questions, July Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2021.
Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon. solve July month current affair 2021.

Que.1.

Who has won the Euro 2020 Golden Boot Award?

Cristiano Ronaldo

Que.2.

Which country will host the 2026 BWF World Championships?

India

Que.3.

Which state has launched the Chief Minister Covid-19 Widow Assistance Scheme?

Assam.

Que.4.

Recently Who has been honored with BSK Literary Award?

N N Pillai

Que.5.

Indian Navy has received the 10th anti-submarine warfare aircraft P-8L from which country?

America

Que.6.

Recently which state government has announced Rs. 6 crore to the Olympic gold medalists?

Uttar Pradesh

Que.7.

Which state has announced the launch of Mathru Kavacham campaign?

Kerala

Que.8.

World Population Day -

July 11

Que.9.

Who has been declared the ICC Women's player of the month for the month of June?

Sophie Ecclestone

Que.10.

Khelo India Youth Games will now be organized in 2022. Where will it be?

Panchkula

Que.11.

Which company developed New Shepard launch system ?

Blue Origin

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved - Blue Origin license (to carry humans on the New Shepard launch system into space)
Founder of Blue Origin- Former Amazon Chief Executive Jeff Bezos

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 9-14 July, 2021

2021-07-15T14:19:00.004+05:30

Daily Current Affairs Quiz: 9-14 July, 2021

Current Affairs Quiz Pdf will be available soon.

Que.1.

Who has won the junior championship of Wimbledon 2021?

Sameer Banerjee

Que.2.

Who has been awarded the Commonwealth Points of Light Award in 2021?

Syed Osman Azhar Maqsusi

He has been feeding thousands of people every day as part of his food drive ‘Hunger Has No Religion’.

Que.3.

In which city India's first private LNG facility plant has been inaugurated recently?

City- Nagpur

LNG (Liquefied natural gas) is a natural gas.
composition- methane (CH4) with some mixture of ethane (C2H6)

Que.4.

Which species will be insured by the National Insurance Company Limited (NICL) recently in 2021?

Himalayan Yak

Insurance policy will shield yak owners-

against risks posed by weather calamities, in-transit mishaps, diseases, riots, surgical operations and strikes.

Que.5.

Which Indian has recently won the gold award in the Silamban competition in Singapore?

Ganesh Sandhirakshan

He won a competition for migrant workers in Singapore by performing Silambam (A traditional Indian martial arts form)

Que.6.

Who has become the Prime Minister of Nepal recently?

Sher Bahadur Deuba

Que.7.

Which country has won the Euro Cup 2020 title ?

Italy

Que.8.

Who has been appointed as the Indian Ambassador to Poland recently?

Nagma Malik

Que.9.

Who has won the junior championship of Wimbledon 2021?

Sameer Banerjee

Que.10.

Amazon will launch its first digital center in which state of India?

Gujarat

Que.11.

who has written a book called Ramayana of Shri Guru Gobind ji?

Baljit Kaur Tulsi

Que.12.

First case of Zika virus has been found in which state of India?

kerala

Que.13.

Where has the world's tallest sand palace been built ?

Denmark

Que.14.

Who has been re-elected as the Prime Minister of Ethiopia in 2021?

Abi Ahmed

Que.15.

The Central Government has made the Department of Public Enterprises a part of which ministry?

Finance Ministry

Que.16.

who has won the Wimbledon women's tennis singles title 2021?

Ashleigh barty

Que.17.

who has won the 2021 Scripps National Spelling Bee Competition?

Avant Garde

Que.18.

which state has been included in the map of Indian Railways recently?

Manipur

Que.19.

who has been appointed as the US Ambassador to India?

Eric Garcetti

Que.20.

Recently who has been selected as the first Indian jury for the Tokyo Olympics?

Pawan Singh

Que.21.

Which is the top country in the recently released Hanley Passport Index 2021 23 ranking?

Japan

Que.22.

Where has India's first cryptogamic garden been inaugurated?

Dehradun

Que.23.

which state government has announced to bring new population policy 2021-30?

Uttar Pradesh

Que.24.

Which is the top country in the recently released News On Air Radio Live Stream Global Ranking?

USA

Que.25.

Recently who has won the men's singles title at Wimbledon Open?

Novak Djokovik

Que.26.

Where will India's first maritime arbitration center be built?

Gandhinagar

Que.27.

who has been appointed by Twitter as the Grievance Officer in India?

Vinay Prakash

Que.28.

KVIC (Khadi and Village Industries Commission) has obtained trademark registration of the word Khadi in which country?

Bhutan

List of all Articles of The Constitution Of India

2021-07-09T15:34:00.037+05:30

List of all Articles of The Constitution Of India

The Indian Constitution is a biggest constitution in the world, it made after ransacking of many constitutions of the world.

The Constitution of India consist of 395 articles in 22 parts. Here we are going to discuss about List of all Articles of The Constitution Of India. All articles of Indian constitution pdf will be provided soon. lets start with the All articles of Indian constitution for UPSC.

Article no.	SUBJECT
Part I: THE UNION & ITS TERRITORY
Article 1	Name and territory of the Union.
Article 2	Admission or establishment of new States.
Article 2A	Admission or establishment of new States.
Article 3	Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
Article 4	Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
Part II: CITIZENSHIP
Article 5	Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
Article 6	Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
Article 7	Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan.
Article 8	Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
Article 9	Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
Article 10	Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
Article 11	Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
Part III: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
General
Article 12	Definition
Article 13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
Right to Equality
Article 14	Equality before law
Article 15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Article 16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17	Abolition of untouchability
Article 18	Abolition of Titles
Right To Freedom
Article 19	Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech etc.,
Article 20	Protection in respect of conviction for offences
Article 21	Protection of life & personal liberty
Article 21A	Right to Education
Article 22	Protection against arrest & detention in certain areas
Right Against Exploitation
Article 23	Prohibition of traffic in human beings & forced labour
Article 24	Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc.,
Right To Freedom Of Religion
Article 25	Freedom of conscience & free profession, practice & propagation of religion
Article 26	Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 27	Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Article 28	Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions
Cultural & Educational Rights
Article 29	Protection of interests of minorities
Article 30	Right of minorities to establish & administer educational institutions
Saving of Certain Laws
Article 31A	Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates etc.,
Article 31B	Validation of certain Acts & Regulations
Article 31C	Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles
Right To Constitutional Remedies
Article 32	Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this part
Article 33	Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this part in their application to forces etc.,
Article 34	Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area
Article 35	Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this part
Part IV: Directive Principles of State Policy
Article 36	Definition
Article 37	Application of the principles contained in this part
Article 38	State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people
Article 39	Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state
Article 39A	Equal justice & free legal aid
Article 40	Organization of village Panchayats
Article 41	Right to work, to education & to public assistance in certain areas
Article 42	Provision for just & humane conditions of work & maternity relief
Article 43	Living wage etc., for workers
Article 43A	Participation of workers in management of industries
Article 43B	The state shall endeavor to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control & professional management of co-operative societies
Article 44	Uniform civil code for the citizens
Article 45	Provisions for early childhood care & education to children below the age of six
Article 46	Promotion of educational & economic interest of scheduled castes, scheduled tribe & other weaker sections
Article 47	Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition & the standard of living & to improve public health
Article 48	Organization of agriculture & animal husbandry
Article 48A	Protection & improvement of environment & safeguarding of forests & wild life
Article 49	Protection of monuments & places & objects of national importance
Article 50	Separation of Judiciary from executive
Article 51	Promotion of international peace & security
Part IV-A: Fundamental Duties
Article 51A	Fundamental Duties
Part V: THE UNION
CHAPTER-I:- THE EXECUTIVE
The President and Vice-president
Article 52	The President of India
Article 53	Executive power of the union
Article 54	Election of President
Article 55	Method of election of president
Article 56	Term of office of President
Article 57	Eligibility for re-election
Article 58	Qualifications for election as president
Article 59	Conditions of President’s office
Article 60	Oath or affirmation by the President
Article 61	Procedure for impeachment of the President
Article 62	Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office
Article 63	The Vice-President of India
Article 64	The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman of the council of states
Article 65	The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence of President
Article 66	Election of Vice-President
Article 67	Term of office of Vice-President
Article 68	Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy
Article 69	Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President
Article 70	Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies
Article 71	Matters relating to, or connected with, election of a President or Vice-President
Article 72	Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 73	Extent of executive power of the union
Council of Minister
Article 74	Council of ministers to aid & advise President
Article 75	Other provisions as to Ministers
The Attorney General of India
Article 76	Attorney General for India
Conduct of Government Business
Article 77	Conduct of business of the Government of India
Article 78	Duties of Prime minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President etc.
CHAPTER-II: - PARLIAMENT
General
Article 79	Constitution of Parliament
Article 80	Composition of the council of states( Rajya Sabha)
Article 81	Composition of the house of the people (Lok Sabha)
Article 82	Readjustment after each census.
Article 83	Duration of houses of parliament
Article 84	Qualification for membership of Parliament
Article 85	Sessions of Parliament, prorogation & dissolution
Article 86	Right of president to address & send messages to houses
Article 87	Special address by the president
Article 88	Rights of ministers & Attorney general as respects houses
Officers of Parliament
Article 89	The chairman & Deputy Chairman of the council of states
Article 90	Vacation & resignation of, & removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
Article 91	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
Article 92	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
Article 93	The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People
Article 94	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of and Deputy Speaker
Article 95	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker
Article 96	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution from office is under consideration
Article 97	Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 98	Secretariat of Parliament
Conduct of Business
Article 99	Oath or affirmation by members
Article 100	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Disqualifications of members
Article 101	Vacancy of seats (members)
Article 102	Disqualifications of membership
Article 103	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
Article 104	Penalty for sitting and voting before main oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
Article 105	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof
Legislative Procedure
Article 106	Salaries and allowances of members
Article 107	Provisions as to introduction & passing of bills
Article 108	Joint sitting of both houses in certain areas
Article 109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 110	Definition of ‘Money Bills’
Procedure in Financial Matters
Article 111	Assent to Bills
Article 112	Annual financial statement (Budget)
Article 113	Procedure in parliament with respect to estimates
Article 114	Appropriation Bills
Article 115	Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Article 116	Votes on account, votes of credit & exceptional grants
Article 117	Special provisions as to financial Bills
Procedure Generally
Article 118	Rules of procedure
Article 119	Regulation by law of procedure in parliament in relation to financial business
Article 120	Language to be used in Parliament.
Article 121	Restriction on discussion in Parliament
Article 122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
CHAPTER-III:- LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
Article 123	Power of president to promulgate ordinances during recess of parliament
CHAPTER-IV:- THE UNION JUDICIARY
Article 124	Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Article 125	Salaries etc. of Judges
Article 126	Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Article 127	Appointment of ad hoc judges
Article 128	Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
Article 129	Supreme court to be a court of record
Article 130	Seat of supreme court
Article 131	Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 131A	[Repealed]
Article 132	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in certain cases
Article 133	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters
Article 134	Appellate of jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
Article 134A	Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
Article 135	Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
Article 136	Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
Article 137	Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
Article 138	Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 139	Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs
Article 139A	Transfer of certain cases
Article 140	Ancillary powers of Supreme Court
Article 141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts
Article 142	Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
Article 143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court
Article 144	Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court
Article 144A	[Repealed]
Article 145	Rules of Court, etc.
Article 146	Officers & servants & the expenses of the Supreme Court
Article 147	Interpretation
CHAPTER-V:- COMPTROLLER & AUDITOR GENERAL OF INDIA
Article 148	Comptroller & Auditor-General of India
Article 149	Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General
Article 150	Form of accounts of the Union & the states
Article 151	Audit Reports
Part VI: THE STATES
CHAPTER-I:- GENERAL
Article 152	Definition
CHAPTER-II:- THE EXECUTIVE
The Governor
Article 153	Governors of state
Article 154	Executive power of state
Article 155	Appointment of Governor
Article 156	Term of office of Governor
Article 157	Qualifications for Appointment as Governor
Article 158	Conditions of Governor's office
Article 159	Oath or affirmation by the Governor
Article 160	Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies
Article 161	Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit 161 or commute sentences in certain cases
Article 162	Extent of executive power of State
Council of Ministers
Article 163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
Article 164	Other provisions as to Ministers
Advocate General for the state
Article 165	Advocate-General for the state
Conduct Of Government Business
Article 166	Conduct of Business of the Government of a State
Article 167	Duties of Chief Minister as respects furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
CHAPTER-III:- THE STATE LEGISLATURE
General
Article 168	Constitution of Legislatures in States
Article 169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
Article 170	Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
Article 171	Composition of the Legislative Councils
Article 172	Duration of State Legislatures
Article 173	Qualification for membership of the State Legislature
Article 174	Sessions of the State Legislature prorogation and dissolution
Article 175	Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses
Article 176	Special address by the Governor
Article 177	Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Officers of the State Legislature
Article 178	The speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Article 179	Vacation and resignation of and removal from the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker
Article 180	Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of or to act as, Speaker
Article 181	The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
Article 182	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
Article 183	Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman
Article 184	Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
Article 185	The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
Article 186	Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman
Article 187	Secretariat of State Legislature
Conduct of Business
Article 188	Oath or affirmation by members
Article 189	Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
Disqualification Of Members
Article 190	Vacation of Seats
Article 191	Disqualification of membership
Article 192	Decision on question as to disqualifications of members
Article 193	Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified
Article 194	Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof
Article 195	Salaries and allowances of members
Legislative Procedures
Article 196	Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills
Article 197	Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills
Article 198	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 199	Definition of ‘Money Bills’
Article 200	Assent to Bills
Article 201	Bills reserved for consideration
Procedure In Financial Matters
Article 202	Annual Financial Statement
Article 203	Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates
Article 204	Appropriation Bills
Article 205	Supplementary, additional or excess grants
Article 206	Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
Article 207	Special provisions as to financial Bills
Procedure Generally
Article 208	Rules of procedure
Article 209	Regulation by law procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to
Article 210	Language to be used in the Legislature
Article 211	Restriction on discussion in the Legislature
Article 212	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
CHAPTER –IV: - LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
Article 213	Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
CHAPTER-V:- THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATE
Article 214	High courts for states
Article 215	High courts to be courts of record
Article 216	Constitution of High courts
Article 217	Appointment and condition of the office of a Judge of a High Court
Article 218	Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts
Article219	Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts
Article 220	Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
Article 221	Salaries, etc., of Judges
Article 222	Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
Article 223	Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Article 224	Appointment of additional and acting Judges
Article 224A	Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts
Article 225	Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
Article 226	Power of High Courts to issue certain writs
Article 226A	[Repealed]
Article 227	Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court
Article 228	Transfer of certain cases to High Court
Article 228A	[Repealed]
Article 229	Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts
Article 230	Extension jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories
Article 231	Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States
CHAPTER-VI: - SUBORDINATE COURTS
Article 233	Appointment of District judges
Article 233A	Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges
Article 234	Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service
Article 235	Control over subordinate courts
Article 236	Interpretation
Article 237	Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates
Part VII: THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
Article 238	[Repealed]
Part VIII: THE UNION TERRITORY
Article 239	Administration of Union territories
Article 239A	Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories
Article 239AA	Special provisions with respect to Delhi
Article 239AB	Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery
Article 239B	Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature
Article 240	Power of President to make regulation for certain Union territories
Article 241	High Courts for Union territories
Article 242	[Repealed]
Part IX:THE PANCHAYATS
Article 243	Definitions.
Article 243A	Gram Sabha
Article 243B	Constitution of Panchayats.
Article 243C	Composition of Panchayats.
Article 243D	Reservation of seats
Article 243E	Duration of Panchayats, etc.
Article 243F	Disqualifications for membership.
Article 243G	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
Article 243H	Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
Article 243I	Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
Article 243J	Audit of accounts of Panchayats.
Article 243K	Elections to the Panchayats.
Article 243L	Application to Union territories.
Article 243M	Part not to apply to certain areas.
Article 243N	Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
Article 243O	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
Part IXA: THE MUNICIPALITIES
Article 243P	Definitions.
Article 243Q	Constitution of Municipalities.
Article 243R	Composition of Municipalities.
Article 243S	Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
Article 243T	Reservation of seats.
Article 243U	Duration of Municipalities, etc.
Article 243V	Disqualifications for membership
Article 243W	Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
Article 243X	Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities
Article 243Y	Finance Commission to review financial position.
Article 243Z	Audit of accounts of Municipalities
Article 243ZA	Elections to the Municipalities.
Article 243ZB	Application to Union territories
Article 243ZC	Part not to apply to certain areas.
Article 243ZD	Committee for district planning.
Article 243ZE	Committee for Metropolitan planning.
Article 243ZF	Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities
Article 243ZG	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
Part IXB: THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES
Article 243ZH	Definitions.
Article 243ZI	Incorporation of co-operative societies.
Article 243ZJ	Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.
Article 243ZK	Election of members of board.
Article 243ZL	Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.
Article 243ZM	Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.
Article 243ZN	Convening of general body meetings.
Article 243ZO	Right of a member to get information.
Article 243ZP	Returns.
Article 243ZQ	Offences and penalties.
Article 243ZR	Application to multi-State co-operative societies.
Article 243ZS	Application to Union territories.
Article 243ZT	Continuance of existing laws.
Part X: THE SCHEDULED & TRIBAL AREAS
Article 244	Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas
Article 244A	Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislation or Council of Ministers or both therefor
Part XI: RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION & THE STATES
CHAPTER-I: - LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS
Distribution of Legislative Powers
Article 245	Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
Article 246	Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
Article 247	Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts
Article 248	Residuary power of legislation
Article 249	Power of parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest
Article 250	Power of Parliament with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
Article 251	Inconsistency between laws made by parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
Article 252	Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State
Article 253	Legislation for giving effect to international agreements
Article 254	Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States
Article 255	Requirements as to recommendations & previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only
CHAPTER-II:- ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS
General
Article 256	Obligation of states & the Union
Article 257	Control of the Union over states in certain areas
Article 257A	[Repealed]
Article 258	Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases
Article 258A	Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union
Article 259	[Repealed]
Article 260	Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
Article 261	Public acts, records and judicial proceedings
Disputes Related to Water
Article 262	Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys
Article 263	Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council
Part XII: FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS & SUITS
Chapter – I: FINANCE
General
Article 264	General
Article 265	Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
Article 266	Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
Article 267	Contingency Fund.
Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States
Article 268	Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the State
Article 268A	[Omitted]
Article 269	Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
Article 270	Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
Article 271	Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
Article 272	[Omitted.]
Article 273	Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
Article 274	Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested.
Article 275	Grants from the Union to certain States.
Article 276	Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
Article 277	Savings.
Article 278	[Omitted.]
Article 279	Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.
Article 280	Finance Commission
Article 281	Recommendations of the Finance Commission.
Miscellaneous financial provisions
Article 282	Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
Article 283	Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
Article 284	Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
Article 285	Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
Article 286	Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
Article 287	Exemption from taxes on electricity.
Article 288	Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
Article 289	Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.
Article 290	Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
Article 290A	Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.
Article 291	[Omitted .]
CHAPTER II. BORROWING
Article 292	Borrowing by the government of India
Article 293	Borrowing by states
CHAPTER III PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
Article 294	Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases
Article 295	Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
Article 296	Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia
Article 297	Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union
Article 298	Power to carry on trade, etc.
Article 299	Contracts
Article 300	Suits & proceedings
CHAPTER IV. RIGHT TO PROPERTY
Article 300A	RIGHT TO PROPERTY-Persons not be deprived of property save by authority of law
Part XIII: TRADE, COMMERCE & INTERCOURSE WITHIN TERRITORY OF INDIA
Article 301	Freedom of trade commerce and intercourse
Article 302	Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
Article 303	Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce
Article 304	Restriction on trade, commerce and intercourse among States
Article 305	Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies
Article 306	[Repealed]
Article 307	Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304
Part XIV: SERVICES UNDER THE UNION & THE STATES
CHAPTER-I:- SERVICES
Article 308	Interpretation
Article 309	Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State
Article 310	Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State
Article 311	Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State
Article 312	All India services
Article 312A	Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of services of officers of certain services
Article 313	Transitional provisions
Article 314	[Repealed]
CHAPTER-II:- PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
Article 315	Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
Article 316	Appointment and term of office of members
Article 317	Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission
Article 318	Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission
Article 319	Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members
Article 320	Functions of Public Service Commission
Article 321	Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions
Article 322	Expenses of Public Service Commissions
Article 323	Reports of Public Service Commissions
Part XIVA: TRIBUNALS
Article 323A	Administrative Tribunals
Article 323B	Tribunals for other matters
Part XV: ELECTIONS
Article 324	Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission
Article 325	No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
Article 326	Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage
Article 327	Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures
Article 328	Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature
Article 329	Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters
Article 329A	[Repealed]
Part XVI: SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN CLASSES
Article 330	Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
Article 331	Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People
Article 332	Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
Article 333	Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
Article 334	Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after [fifty years]
Article 335	Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts
Article 336	Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services
Article 337	Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community
Article 338	National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Article 339	Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes
Article 340	Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes
Article 341	Scheduled Castes
Article 342	Scheduled Tribes
Part XVII: OFFICIAL LANGUAGES
CHAPTER-I: - LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
Article 343	Official language of the union
Article 344	Commission & committee of Parliament on official language
CHAPTER-II:- REGIONAL LANGUAGES
Article 345	Official language or languages of a state
Article 346	Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union
Article 347	Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of State
CHAPTER-III:-LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS ETC.
Article 348	Language to be used in the supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
Article 349	Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language
CHAPTER-IV:- SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
Article 350	Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances
Article 350A	Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage
Article 350B	Special Officer for linguistic minorities
Article 351	Directive for development of the Hindi language
Part XVIII: EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
Article 352	Proclamation of Emergency
Article 353	Effect of proclamation of Emergency
Article 354	Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation
Article 355	Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance
Article 356	Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States
Article 357	Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
Article 358	Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
Article 359	Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
Article 359A	[Repealed]
Article 360	Provisions as to financial emergency
Part XIX: MISCELLANEOUS
Article 361	Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs
Article 361A	Protection of publication and Proceedings of parliament and State legislatures
Article 362	[Repealed]
Article 363	Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
Article 363A	Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
Article 364	Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes
Article 365	Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to directions given by the union
Article 366	Definition
Article 367	Interpretation
Part XX: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
Article 368	Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.
Part XXI: TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL & SPECIAL PROVISIONS
Article 369	Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
Article 370	Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir [Repealed]
Article 371	Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
Article 371A	Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
Article 371B	Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
Article 371C	Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
Article 371D	Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh
Article 371E	Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh
Article 371F	Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim
Article 371G	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
Article 371H	Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
Article 371I	Special provision with respect to the State of Goa
Article 372	Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation
Article 372A	Power of the President to adapt laws
Article 373	Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases
Article 374	Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council
Article 375	Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution
Article 376	Provisions as to Judges of High Courts
Article 377	Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
Article 378	Provisions as to Public Service Commissions
Article 378A	Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Article 379 to 391	[Repealed]
Article 392	Power of the president to remove difficulties
Part XXII: SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI & REPEALS
Article 393	Short Title
Article 394	Commencement
Article 394A	Authoritative text in the Hindi language
Article 395	Repeals

THE SCHEDULES

FIRST SCHEDULE

The States.
The Union territories.

SECOND SCHEDULE

PART A—Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States.
PART B— [Omitted.]
PART C—Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State.
PART D—Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.

THIRD SCHEDULE

Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.

FOURTH SCHEDULE

Allocation of seats in the Council of States.

FIFTH SCHEDULE

Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes

PART A—General.
PART B—Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
PART C— Scheduled Areas.
PART D—Amendment of the Schedule.

SIXTH SCHEDULE

Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

SEVENTH SCHEDULE

List I — Union List.
List II— State List.
List III— Concurrent List.

EIGHTH SCHEDULE

Languages.

NINTH SCHEDULE

Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.

TENTH SCHEDULE

Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection.

ELEVENTH SCHEDULE

Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.

TWELFTH SCHEDULE

Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a

SOVEREIGN

SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the

unity and integrity of the Nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY

ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Article 1 Constitution of India | अनुच्छेद 1 भारत का संविधान

2021-07-09T15:05:00.011+05:30

Article 1: Name and territory of the Union

(1) India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.

(2) The States and Territories thereof shall be a specified in the First Schedule. (Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956)

(3) The Territory of the India shall be comprise-

(a) the Territories of the States;
(b) the Union Territories specified in the First Schedule; and (Subs. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956)
(c) such other Territories as may be acquired.

अनुच्छेद 1: संघ का नाम और राज्यक्षेत्र

(1) भारत, अर्थात्‌ इंडिया, राज्यों का संघ होगा।
(2) राज्य और उनके राज्यक्षेत्र वे होंगे जो पहली अनुसूची में विनिर्दिष्ट हैं।
(3) भारत के राज्यक्षेत्र में,

(क) राज्यों के राज्यक्षेत्र,
(ख) पहली अनुसूची में विनिर्दिष्ट संघ राज्यक्षेत्र, और
(ग) ऐसे अन्य राज्यक्षेत्र जो अर्जित किए जाएँ, समाविष्ट होंगे।

Notes on Article 1

The Union of India is a federal state, with a clear cut distribution of powers between centre and the units. An independent and impartial judiciary ensures that the federal scheme should remain intact.

Although there has been considerable controversy over the nature of Indian federalism-

some commentators have dubbed it "quasi federal", a thorough analysis would show that the Indian constitution is basically a federal one;[special reference of 1956, AIR 1965 SC]

Constitution of India is federal in structure and unitary in spirit i.e. it is quasi- federal in nature.

Territory of India

The expression "territory of India", wherever used, suggests the territory which comes within the ambit of Article 1(3).

Related decisions:

(i) Thakur Amar Singh V. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1955 SC .
(ii) N. Masthan Sahib V. Chief Commissioner, Pondicherry, AIR 1962 SC .

Following Actions are subsequent to acquisition-

Foreign territories acceding to India on acquisition may-

(i) Either be admitted into the Union, or
(ii) constituted into new States under article 2, or
(iii) merged into an existing State under article 3(a) or 3(b), or (iv) formed into a union territory. Of course, a foreign territory would not come under article 1(3)(c) until it is legally transferred to India, as such to constitute its "acquisition" in international law.

The following decisions are the important:

(i) Harivansh V. State of Maharashtra, (1971)
(ii) Masthan Sahib V. Chief Commissioner, Pondicherry, AIR 1962.
(iii) Amar Singh V. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1955.

अनुच्छेद 1 पर नोट्स

भारत संघ एक संघीय राज्य है, जिसमें केंद्र और इकाइयों के बीच शक्तियों का स्पष्ट वितरण होता है। एक स्वतंत्र और निष्पक्ष न्यायपालिका सुनिश्चित करती है कि संघीय योजना बरकरार रहे।
यद्यपि भारतीय संघवाद की प्रकृति पर काफी विवाद रहा है-

कुछ टिप्पणीकारों ने इसे "अर्ध संघीय" करार दिया है, एक गहन विश्लेषण से पता चलेगा कि भारतीय संविधान मूल रूप से एक संघीय है; 1956 का विशेष संदर्भ, AIR 1965।

Constitution of India is federal in structure and unitary in spirit i.e. it is quasi- federal in nature.

भारत का क्षेत्र-

अभिव्यक्ति "भारत का क्षेत्र", जहां कहीं भी प्रयोग किया जाता है, उस क्षेत्र का सुझाव देता है जो अनुच्छेद 1 (3) के दायरे में आता है।

संबंधित निर्णय:

(i) ठाकुर अमर सिंह वी। राजस्थान राज्य, एआईआर 1955 ।
(ii) एन. मस्तान साहिब वी. मुख्य आयुक्त, पांडिचेरी, एआईआर 1962 ।

निम्नलिखित क्रियाएं अधिग्रहण के बाद की जाती हैं-

अधिग्रहण पर भारत में शामिल होने वाले विदेशी क्षेत्र हो सकते हैं-

(i) या तो संघ में भर्ती हो, या
(ii) अनुच्छेद 2 के तहत नए राज्यों में गठित, या
(iii) एक केंद्र शासित प्रदेश में गठित अनुच्छेद 3 (ए) या 3 (बी), या (iv) के तहत एक मौजूदा राज्य में विलय। बेशक, एक विदेशी क्षेत्र अनुच्छेद 1 (3) (सी) के तहत तब तक नहीं आएगा जब तक कि इसे कानूनी रूप से भारत में स्थानांतरित नहीं किया जाता है, जैसे कि अंतरराष्ट्रीय कानून में इसका "अधिग्रहण" होता है।

निम्नलिखित निर्णय महत्वपूर्ण हैं:

(i) हरिवंश वी. महाराष्ट्र राज्य, (1971)
(ii) मस्तान साहिब वी. मुख्य आयुक्त, पांडिचेरी, एआईआर 1962।
(iii) अमर सिंह वी। राजस्थान राज्य, एआईआर 1955।

List of Articles

हिंदी करेंट अफेयर्स प्रश्नोत्तरी : 2-8 जुलाई, 2021

2021-07-06T19:30:00.005+05:30

Que.1.

कच्चे पाम तेल पर हाल ही में किस कर को घटाकर 10% कर दिया गया है?

[A] उत्पाद शुल्क

[B] माल और सेवा कर

[C] सीमा शुल्क

[D] उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं

Option (c)

Explanation

कच्चे पाम तेल पर मूल सीमा शुल्क को घटाकर 10 प्रतिशत और रिफाइंड पाम तेल पर 37.5 प्रतिशत कर दिया गया है।

केंद्रीय अप्रत्यक्ष कर और सीमा शुल्क बोर्ड (सीबीआईसी).

Que.2.

विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन द्वारा हाल ही में किस देश को मलेरिया मुक्त घोषित किया गया है?

[A] पाकिस्तान

[B] चीन

[C] भारत

[D] नेपाल

Option (B)

Explanation

विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन (डब्ल्यूएचओ) द्वारा चीन को 'मलेरिया मुक्त' के रूप में प्रमाणित किया गया है।

एशिया प्रशांत क्षेत्र में पहला मलेरिया मुक्त देश- श्रीलंका।

दूसरा - चीन।

Que.3.

रिपोर्ट "इंडिजिनस पीपल्स फूड सिस्टम, इनसाइट्स ऑन सस्टेनेबिलिटी एंड रेजिलिएशन फ्रॉम फ्रंट लाइन ऑफ क्लाइमेट चेंज" हाल ही में किस संगठन द्वारा जारी की गई थी:

[A] WHO

[B] UN-Habitat

[C] FAO

[D] UNICEF

Option (C)

Explanation

संयुक्त राष्ट्र खाद्य और कृषि संगठन (एफएओ)

Que.4.

निम्नलिखित में से कौन चालू खाते का हिस्सा नहीं है?

[A] प्रेषण

[B] FDI

[C] सेवाओं में व्यापार

[D] माल में व्यापार

Option (b)

Explanation

components:

माल का व्यापार
सेवाओं का व्यापार
विदेशी सहायता और प्रेषण जैसे स्थानान्तरण

Que.5.

Agni-P मिसाइल की सीमा है-

[A] 1000-2000 km.

[B] 100 km max.

[C] 5000 km.

[D] 10000 km.

Option (A)

Explanation

एक नई पीढ़ी की परमाणु सक्षम बैलिस्टिक मिसाइल अग्नि-पी (प्राइम) - 1,000 और 2,000 किमी . के बीच की सीमा क्षमता

Que.6.

बोर्नडी वन्यजीव अभयारण्य की स्थापना किस प्रजाति की रक्षा के लिए की गई थी-

[A] ग्रेट इंडियन बस्टर्ड

[B] पिग्मी हॉग

[C] टाइगर

[D] तितली

Option (B)

Explanation

बोर्नडी वन्यजीव अभयारण्य -

हिमालय की तलहटी पर।
1980 में स्थापित हर्पिड हर (कैप्रोलैगस हेपिडस) और पिग्मी हॉग (पोरकुला साल्वेनिया) की रक्षा के लिए।

Que.7.

बंकिम चंद्र चट्टोपाध्याय का उपन्यास "आनंदमठ" किस पृष्ठभूमि में लिखा गया था:

[A] संथाल विद्रोह

[B] मैपिला विद्रोह

[C] संन्यासी विद्रोह

[D] सूरत विभाजन

Option (c)

Explanation

आनंदमठ -

बंगाली कथा (बंकिम चंद्र चट्टोपाध्याय द्वारा लिखित)
1882 में प्रकाशित
यह 18 वीं शताब्दी के अंत में संन्यासी विद्रोह की पृष्ठभूमि में स्थापित है।

Que.8.

फाइनेंशियल एक्शन टास्क फोर्स (FATF) की स्थापना किसके द्वारा की गई थी:

[A] World Bank

[B] UNHRC

[C] G7

[D] IMF

Option (C)

Explanation

The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering)

एक अंतर सरकारी संगठन है
धन शोधन से निपटने के लिए नीतियां विकसित करने के लिए G7 की पहल पर 1989 में स्थापित।

Questions in English ( click-here )

Daily Current Affairs Quiz : July 2-8, 2021

2021-07-02T16:00:00.010+05:30

Que.1.

Which tax has recently been decreased to 10% on crude palm oil?

[A] Excise Duty

[B] Goods and Services Tax

[C] Customs Duty

[D] None of the above

Option (c)

Explanation

The basic customs duty on crude palm oil has been cut to 10 per cent and refined palm oil to 37.5 per cent.

Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC),

Que.2.

Which country was declared Malaria-Free by the World Health Organization recently?

[A] Pakistan

[B] China

[C] India

[D] Nepal

Option (B)

Explanation

China has been certified as ‘Malaria-free’ by the World Health Organization (WHO).

1st Malaria free country in the Asia Pacific region- Sri-lanka.

2nd - china.

Que.3.

The report “Indigenous Peoples' Food System, Insights on Sustainability and Resilience from the Front Line of Climate Change” was recently released by which organization:

[A] WHO

[B] UN-Habitat

[C] FAO

[D] UNICEF

Option (C)

Explanation

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Que.4.

Which of the following is NOT a part of the current account?

[A] Remittances

[B] FDI

[C] Trade in Services

[D] Trade in Goods

Option (b)

Explanation

components:

Trade of goods
Trade of Services
Transfers such as foreign aid and remittances

Que.5.

The range of the Agni-P missile is-

[A] 1000-2000 km.

[B] 100 km max.

[C] 5000 km.

[D] 10000 km.

Option (A)

Explanation

A new generation nuclear capable ballistic missile Agni-P (Prime) - range capability between 1,000 and 2,000 km

Que.6.

Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary was established to protect which species-

[A] Great Indian Bustard

[B] Pygmy Hog

[C] Tiger

[D] Butterfly

Option (B)

Explanation

Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary -

on the foothills of Himalayas.
established in 1980 to protect the hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus) and pigmy hog (Porcula salvania).

Que.7.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay's novel "Anandamath" was set in the background of:

[A] Santhal Rebellion

[B] Mappila Uprising

[C] Sanyasi Rebellion

[D] Surat split.

Option (c)

Explanation

Anandamath -

Bengali fiction (written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay)
Published in 1882.
It is set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century.

Que.8.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) was founded by:

[A] World Bank

[B] UNHRC

[C] G7

[D] IMF

Option (C)

Explanation

The Financial Action Task Force (on Money Laundering)

Is an intergovernmental organization
Founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering.

Questions in Hindi ( click-here )

हिंदी करेंट अफेयर्स प्रश्नोत्तरी : 1-4 जुलाई, 2021

2021-07-01T16:00:00.029+05:30

Que.1.

ग्रीन हाइड्रोजन, तापीय विद्युत संयंत्रों का उपयोग करके पानी के इलेक्ट्रोलिसिस द्वारा निर्मित होता है।

[A] Right Statement

[B] Wrong Statement

Wrong Statement

Explanation

ग्रीन हाइड्रोजन, जिसमें कार्बन फुटप्रिंट कम होता है, अक्षय ऊर्जा (जैसे सौर और पवन) का उपयोग करके पानी के इलेक्ट्रोलिसिस द्वारा बनाया जाता है।

Que.2.

निम्न में से कोनसा हाइड्रोजन का प्रकार नहीं हैं ?

[A] ब्राउन हाइड्रोजन

[B] ग्रे हाइड्रोजन

[C] ब्लू हाइड्रोजन

[D] रेड हाइड्रोजन

Option (D)

Explanation

ब्राउन हाइड्रोजन, कोयले को जलाने और वातावरण में प्रदूषकों को उत्सर्जित करने से उत्पन्न होता है।

ग्रे हाइड्रोजन, प्राकृतिक गैस से उत्पन्न होती है, और संबंधित उत्सर्जन वातावरण में छोड़े जाते हैं।

ब्लू हाइड्रोजन, प्राकृतिक गैस से प्राप्त होता है, और उत्सर्जन कार्बन कैप्चर और स्टोरेज के माध्यम से अवशोषित होता है।

Que.3.

पीएम स्वनिधि अनौपचारिक क्षेत्र के श्रमिकों के लिये किस प्रकार की योजना है।

[A] माइक्रो क्रेडिट योजना

[B] मुफ्त क्रेडिट योजना

[C] माइक्रो डेबिट योजना

[D] असीमित ऋण योजना

Option (A)

Explanation

पीएम स्वनिधि स्ट्रीट वेंडर्स के लिए एक माइक्रो क्रेडिट स्कीम है।

Que.4.

हाल ही में किसने भारत के अनौपचारिक श्रमिक वर्ग का समर्थन करने के लिये 500 मिलियन अमरीकी डालर के ऋण कार्यक्रम को मंज़ूरी दी है।

[A] IMF

[B] WHO

[C] World Bank

[D] Asian Bank

Option (c)

Explanation

हाल ही में विश्व बैंक ने वर्तमान महामारी संकट से उबरने के लिये भारत के अनौपचारिक श्रमिक वर्ग का समर्थन करने हेतु 500 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर के ऋण कार्यक्रम को मंज़ूरी दी है।

Que.5.

भारतनेट प्रोजेक्ट किसके द्वारा कार्यान्वित एक प्रमुख मिशन हैं ?

[A] JIO

[B] Vodafone

[C] BBNL

[D] Airtel

Option (c)

Explanation

भारत ब्रॉडबैंड नेटवर्क लिमिटेड (BBNL) द्वारा

Que.6.

कालबेलिया नृत्य किस राज्य से संबधित हैं ?

[A] Uttar-Pradesh

[B] Haryana

[C] Bihar

[D] Rajasthan

Option (D)

Explanation

कालबेलिया नृत्य, एक राजस्थानी जनजाति से संबंधित है।

Que.7.

G-20 समूह में कोनसा देश सम्मिलित नहीं हैं ?

[A] कनाडा / CANADA

[B] अर्जेंटीना / Argentina

[C] भारत / India

[D] पाकिस्तान /Pakistan

Option (D)

Explanation

G-20 के सदस्य देशों में अर्जेंटीना, ऑस्ट्रेलिया, ब्राज़ील, कनाडा, चीन, यूरोपियन यूनियन, फ्राँस, जर्मनी, भारत, इंडोनेशिया, इटली, जापान, मेक्सिको, रूस, सऊदी अरब, दक्षिण अफ्रीका, दक्षिण कोरिया, तुर्की, यूनाइटेड किंगडम और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका शामिल हैं।

Que.8.

नस्लीय न्याय और असमानता पर वैश्विक रिपोर्ट किस संगठन ने जारी की?

[A] World Bank

[B] UNHRC

[C] UNICEF

[D] IMF

Option (B)

Explanation

UNHRC - United Nations Human rights commission.

Questions in English ( click-here )

Daily Current Affairs Quiz : July 1-4, 2021

2021-07-01T16:00:00.028+05:30

Que.1.

Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using thermal power plants.

[A] Right Statement

[B] Wrong Statement

Wrong Statement

Explanation

Green hydrogen, which has a lower carbon footprint, is created by electrolysis of water using renewable energy (such as solar and wind).

Que.2.

Which of the following is not a type of hydrogen?

निम्न में से कोनसा हाइड्रोजन का प्रकार नहीं हैं ?

[A] Brown hydrogen

[B] Grey hydrogen

[C] Blue hydrogen

[D] Red hydrogen

Option (D)

Explanation

Brown hydrogen is produced by burning coal and emitting pollutants into the atmosphere.

Grey hydrogen is produced from natural gas, and the related emissions are released into the atmosphere.

Blue hydrogen is derived from natural gas, and the emissions are absorbed via carbon capture and storage.

Que.3.

What type of scheme is PM Svanidhi for informal sector workers.

[A] Micro Credit Scheme

[B] Free credit Scheme

[C] Micro Debit Scheme

[D] Unlimited loan Scheme

Option (A)

Explanation

PM Sva-Nidhi is a Micro Credit Scheme for Street Vendors.

Que.4.

Recently who has approved a USD 500 million loan program to support India's informal working class?

[A] IMF

[B] WHO

[C] World Bank

[D] Asian Bank

Option (c)

Explanation

Recently the World Bank has approved a loan program of 500 million US dollars to support India's informal working class to overcome the current pandemic crisis.

Que.5.

BharatNet Project is a major mission implemented by?

[A] JIO

[B] Vodafone

[C] BBNL

[D] Airtel

Option (c)

Explanation

by Bharat Broadband Network Limited (BBNL)

Que.6.

Kalbelia dance is related to which state?

[A] Uttar-Pradesh

[B] Haryana

[C] Bihar

[D] Rajasthan

Option (D)

Explanation

Kalbelia dance, belongs to a Rajasthani tribe.

Que.7.

Which countries are not included in the G-20 group?

[A] CANADA

[B] Argentina

[C] India

[D] Pakistan

Option (D)

Explanation

G-20 member countries include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom and United States is included.

Que.8.

Which organization released a global report on Racial Justice and Inequality?

[A] World Bank

[B] UNHRC

[C] UNICEF

[D] IMF

Option (B)

Explanation

UNHRC - United Nations Human rights commission.

Questions in Hindi ( click-here )

संविधान की मुख्य विशेषताएं (संक्षिप्त नोट्स)

2021-06-25T13:14:00.021+05:30

संविधान की मुख्य विशेषताएं

भारत का संविधान एक अनूठा संविधान है। यह दुनिया का सबसे बड़ा लिखित लोकतांत्रिक और उदार संविधान है। यह एक संयोजन और लचीलापन और संघवाद और एकतावाद का संयोजन देता है। संविधान भारत ने 26 जनवरी 1950 को शुरू होने के बाद से भारत की प्रगति और विकास को प्रभावी ढंग से निर्देशित किया है।

1. सबसे लंबा लिखित संविधान:

• भारतीय संविधान एक बहुत विस्तृत और लंबा संविधान है।

• इसमें लगभग 465 अनुच्छेद (25 भागों में विभाजित) और 12 अनुसूचियां शामिल हैं।

• यह अमेरिका और फ्रांस के संविधान से काफी बड़ा है।

(फ्रांसीसी संविधान - 89 अनुच्छेद)

(अमेरिकी संविधान - केवल 7 अनुच्छेद)

2. विभिन्न स्रोतों से लिया गया:

• डॉ.बी.आर.अंबेडकर ने गर्व से प्रशंसा की कि भारतीय संविधान को 'दुनिया के सभी ज्ञात संविधानों को निचोड़कर बनाया गया है।

• संरचनात्मक भाग -भारत सरकार (GOI) अधिनियम 1935 से प्राप्त ।

• संविधान का दार्शनिक हिस्सा -(मौलिक अधिकार और राज्य के नीति निर्देशक सिद्धांत) क्रमशः अमेरिकी और आयरिश संविधानों से प्रेरणा लेते हैं।

3. कठोरता और लचीलेपन का मिश्रण:

• भारत का संविधान एक प्रकार से कठोर है। इसके कुछ प्रावधानों को बदलना मुश्किल है, जबकि अन्य काफी सरल हैं।

• अनुच्छेद 368 दो प्रकार के संशोधनों का प्रावधान करता है।

1. संसद का विशेष बहुमत।

2. संसद का विशेष बहुमत और कुल राज्यों के आधे से अनुसमर्थन के साथ।

4. एकात्मक पूर्वाग्रह के साथ संघीय व्यवस्था

• जबकि संविधान भारत को राज्यों के संघ के रूप में संदर्भित करता है, यह एकात्मक भावना के साथ एक संघीय ढांचे का भी प्रावधान करता है।

विद्वानों ने भारत को 'अर्ध-संघ' (के.सी. व्हेयर), 'एकात्मक पूर्वाग्रह वाला एक संघ, या यहां तक कि 'एकात्मक संघ' के रूप में वर्णित किया।

• संघ की विशेषताएं

दोहरी सरकार,
शक्तियों का विभाजन,
संविधान की सर्वोच्चता,
संविधान की कठोरता,
लिखित संविधान,
स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका
द्विसदनीयवाद।

5. सरकार का संसदीय स्वरूप

• नाममात्र (जैसे राष्ट्रपति) और वास्तविक अधिकारियों (जैसे प्रधान मंत्री) की उपस्थिति

• बहुमत दल का शासन होगा।

• विधायिका के प्रति कार्यपालिका की सामूहिक जिम्मेदारी।

• विधायिका में मंत्रियों की सदस्यता।

• प्रधानमंत्री या मुख्यमंत्री का नेतृत्व।

• निचले सदन (लोकसभा या विधानसभा) का विघटन।

6. संसदीय संप्रभुता और न्यायिक सर्वोच्चता का संश्लेषण:

• भारतीय संसदीय प्रणाली संसदीय संप्रभुता के ब्रिटिश सिद्धांत और न्यायिक सर्वोच्चता के अमेरिकी सिद्धांत का उचित मिश्रण है।

• सर्वोच्च न्यायालय न्यायिक समीक्षा की अपनी शक्ति के माध्यम से संसदीय कानूनों और अधिनियमों को असंवैधानिक घोषित कर सकता है।

• संसद अपनी संवैधानिक शक्ति के माध्यम से संविधान के बड़े हिस्से में संशोधन कर सकती है।

7. एकीकृत और स्वतंत्र न्यायपालिका:

• सर्वोच्च न्यायालय एक संघीय न्यायालय है, जो अपील का सर्वोच्च न्यायालय है।

• नागरिकों के मौलिक अधिकारों के गारंटर और रक्षक और संविधान के संरक्षक।

8. मौलिक अधिकार भाग-III (अनुच्छेद 12-35)

• समानता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 14-18),

• स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 19–22),

• शोषण के खिलाफ अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 23-24),

• धर्म की स्वतंत्रता का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 25-28),

• सांस्कृतिक और शैक्षिक अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 29-30),

• संवैधानिक उपचार का अधिकार (अनुच्छेद 32)।

9. राज्य के नीति निर्देशक सिद्धांत

• डॉ.बी.आर.अंबेडकर के अनुसार, राज्य के नीति निदेशक तत्व भारतीय संविधान की एक 'नोबेल विशेषता' है।

• डॉ. अम्बेडकर के शब्दों में, 'निदेशक सिद्धांत "निर्देशों के साधन" की तरह हैं।

10. मौलिक कर्तव्य (कुल: 11) अनुच्छेद 51 A

• हालांकि, मौलिक कर्तव्य न्यायालयों द्वारा प्रवर्तनीय नहीं हैं।

• 42वां संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम 1976 का स्वर्ण सिंह समिति की सिफारिश पर।

• 86वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम 2002 में एक और मौलिक कर्तव्य जोड़ा गया।

11. एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष राज्य:

• भारतीय संविधान की प्रस्तावना में 'धर्मनिरपेक्ष' शब्द को 42वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम 1976 द्वारा जोड़ा गया था।

• भारत किसी धर्म को विशेष दर्जा नहीं देता। भारत के राज्य धर्म जैसी कोई चीज नहीं है।

12. सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार:

• 61वें संवैधानिक संशोधन अधिनियम, 1988 द्वारा 1989 में मतदान की आयु को 21 वर्ष से घटाकर 18 वर्ष कर दिया गया था।

• सभी पुरुषों और महिलाओं को वोट देने का समान अधिकार है। 18 वर्ष से अधिक आयु के प्रत्येक वयस्क पुरुष और महिला को मतदान का अधिकार है।

13. एकल नागरिकता:

• सभी नागरिकों के पास एक समान समान नागरिकता है। वे समान अधिकार और स्वतंत्रता और राज्य के समान संरक्षण के हकदार हैं।"

14. स्वतंत्र निकाय:

• न्यायपालिका, विधायी, कार्यकारी निकाय आदि।

15. आपातकालीन प्रावधान:

• राष्ट्रीय आपातकाल (अनुच्छेद 352);

• राज्य आपातकाल (राष्ट्रपति शासन) (अनुच्छेद 356) और (अनुच्छेद 365)

• वित्तीय आपातकाल (अनुच्छेद 360)।

16. त्रिस्तरीय सरकार:

• 73वां और 74वां संशोधन अधिनियम 1992।

• बलवंत राय मेहता समिति (1957) ने सुझाव दिया - पंचायती राज की त्रिस्तरीय संरचना में लोकतांत्रिक विकेंद्रीकरण।

पंचायती राज के ये तीन स्तर हैं:

जिला स्तर पर जिला परिषद;
मध्यवर्ती या ब्लॉक स्तर पर पंचायत समिति;
ग्राम स्तर पर ग्राम या ग्राम पंचायत।

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