In early days Http and other services were accessed by concern server IP addresses, but now a days all services are mostly accessed by using the name spaces. An hierarchical name space was introduced for unique proprietary name provision for general public and organizations whom uses servers to give services in public networks ( eg., Web server etc., ).

Why I need names instead of Ip addresses to be directly used ? the major issues are given below.

1. A name will represent a company in the public network, IP doesn’t . ( Eg., www.google.com represents Google Search engine on internet. instead of that if i give a set of numbers as my web site address will that look fair ? (  Eg.,   http://173.194.32.104 )

2. The next thing is if i use my IP address as my site address its difficult for users to remember 100s of sites within their mind

3. The next thing is if I use my IP address as site address, in case if there is a service level issue with my ISP and am switching over to another ISP, my IP will surely get changed. Then i have to intimate all my customers about my change.

4. The fourth one is it is not possible to keep redundant web servers for same web site if they use IP address as site address.

5. The next major issue is I cant use mail address in their format. Will it look fair if i have a mail address as  ” anbarasu@122.165.216.46 “  ??

So for above mentioned reasons we cannot represent our site address in the IP format. Ok lets have a change.. let me change my site addresses to names such as www.yahoo.com , www.google.com like wise.

What will be the issue ? my basic communication between the servers and clients will be happening by my basic communication protocol the ” TCP / IP “. I can’t use a string as my server address .

What to do ? i need IP for basic communication and also i cannot use IP address as my site address. Here came the God father the mighty ” DNS “.

What actually DNS does ?

DNS is a server in which we can create Names vs IP address records. with a separate container for each and every domain ( A domain represents a company in DNS servers. For example for yahoo there will be a container alloted in which all its servers will be placed www.yahoo.com, chat.yahoo.com, in.yahoo.com ).

Inside the container I have to create records for each server as given below.

www.yahoo.com   122.165.216.46

chat.yahoo.com    122.164.215.45

in.yahoo.com         122.164.216.54

like wise. This is called DNS data base. The DNS server will be having database for all servers hosted in the public internet ( Lets discuss latter about how a server in America whose name record is available in my local ISP DNS server ).

So now, in my client machine I have to define which is my DNS server ( preferred alternate options will be available in your client machines ). Once you defined it for all name based probes, the client machine will contact your DNS server using your client machine’s DNS client service to get name query. No matter what type of application your using either a browser or a custom application.

Now in my client machine browser am typing ” www.yahoo.com “. The client machine OS directs the typed name to the DNS client service and in turn the client service establishes a connection to preferred DNS server in case if preferred DNS server is unavailable the client service establishes connection with the alternate DNS server.

Once the connection is established in between the DNS client and DNS server the DNS client starts name query as shown below. ( lets consider DNS client and server are speaking )

Client : Hello 203.145.184.40

Server : Hello 122.169.200.49

Client : Need a name query establish connection

Server : Ok establish connection

( connection got established )

Client : Need Ip address of www.yahoo.com

( Server Searches its database )

If got the record

Server : Ip address of www.yahoo.com is 122.165.216.46

Client : Thanks and signing off

in this way the client gets IP address of www.yahoo.com, not every time when you access www.yahoo.com, once per hour or two even if you continuously accessing yahoo . Because the resolved name will be in client machine’s memory for some time. Based on the configurations done in DNS server ( not in DNS client even if it is stored in DNS client ). This is called cache.

So how it is use full for you ? comment on this

@echo off
for /f “tokens=1″ %%i in (‘date /t’) do set thedate=%%i

set mm=%thedate:~3,2%
set dd=%thedate:~0,2%
set yyyy=%thedate:~6,4%
echo.
echo.
echo Today : %dd%.%mm%.%yyyy%
echo.

set /A dd=%dd% – 1
set /A mm=%mm% + 0
if /I %dd% GTR 0 goto DONE
set /A mm=%mm% – 1
if /I %mm% GTR 0 goto ADJUSTDAY
set /A mm=12
set /A yyyy=%yyyy% – 1
:ADJUSTDAY
if %mm%==1 goto SET31
if %mm%==2 goto LEAPCHK
if %mm%==3 goto SET31
if %mm%==4 goto SET30
if %mm%==5 goto SET31
if %mm%==6 goto SET30
if %mm%==7 goto SET31
if %mm%==8 goto SET31
if %mm%==9 goto SET30
if %mm%==10 goto SET31
if %mm%==11 goto SET30
if %mm%==12 goto SET31
goto ERROR
:SET31
set /A dd=31 + %dd%
goto DONE
:SET30
set /A dd=30 + %dd%
goto DONE
:LEAPCHK
set /A tt=%yyyy% %% 4
if not %tt%==0 goto SET28
set /A tt=%yyyy% %% 100
if not %tt%==0 goto SET29
set /A tt=%yyyy% %% 400
if %tt%==0 goto SET29
:SET28
set /A dd=28 + %dd%
goto DONE
:SET29
set /A dd=29 + %dd%
: DONE
if /i %dd% LSS 10 set dd=0%dd%
if /I %mm% LSS 10 set mm=0%mm%
set YESTERDAY=%dd%.%mm%.%yyyy%
echo.
echo YESTERDAY : %YESTERDAY%
echo.
echo.
pause

SQL is English like data base query language initially developed by Donald D Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce to manipulate data in IBM’s database called System R. Foreseeing the scope of SQL, Oracle built their SQL based RDBMS and has done much modification to the structure of SQL. Later ANSI (American National Standards Institute) has approved SQL as the standard query language for Relational Databases.

The strengths of SQL provide benefits for all types of users, including application programmers, database administrators, managers, and end users. Technically speaking, SQL is a data sublanguage. The purpose of SQL is to provide an interface to a relational database such as Oracle Database, and all SQL statements are instructions to the database. In this SQL differs from general-purpose programming languages like C and BASIC.

SQL provides statements for a variety of tasks, such as

1. Querying data
2. Inserting, updating, and deleting rows in a table
3. Creating, replacing, altering, and dropping objects
4. Controlling access to the database and its objects
5. Guaranteeing database consistency and integrity

Basic Elements of Oracle SQL

We will see the basic building blocks of SQL Statements. A detailed analysis of these will be included in the later sessions as and when the use of those is required. Those include

1. Datatypes
2. Literals
3. Format Models
4. Nulls
5. Comments
6. Database Objects
7. Schema Object Names

Datatypes

In the previous chapter, we have discussed about the datatypes. The datatype of a value associates a fixed set of properties with the value. These properties cause Oracle to treat values of one datatype differently from values of another.

Literals

The term Literal refers to a fixed data value. For eg, from our table ‘Scott’, ‘Peter’ are character literals. All character literals should be enclosed in single quotation marks. This helps SQL to identify our data literal from Oracle Keywords and Reserved Words (We will talk about Reserved Words in a later stage). The values like 101, 102 (EMPID) are numeric literals which need not to be enclosed in single quotation marks.  Date related data is called Date Literals.

Format Models

A format model is a character literal that describes the format of datetime or numeric data stored in a character string. A format model does not change the internal representation of the value in the database. When you convert a character string into a date or number, a format model determines how Oracle Database interprets the string.  (More about format models will be discussed later in the data conversion lessons)

Nulls

If a column in a row has no value, then the column is said to be null, or to contain null. Nulls can appear in columns of any datatype that are not restricted by NOT NULL or PRIMARY KEY integrity constraints. Use a null when the actual value is not known or when a value would not be meaningful. (Constraints will be discussed later).

Null values are not equal to zero and therefore do not use null to represent a value of zero.

Comments

Comments are used to denote the description of a particular SQL statement and are separated from its execution. It is not the part of an SQL Statement. These help developers to identify more about an object or a statement.

Database Objects

Oracle Database recognizes objects that are associated with a particular schema and objects that are not associated with a particular schema, as described in the sections that follow.

• Schema Objects

A schema is a collection of logical structures of data, or schema objects. A schema is owned by a database user and has the same name as that user. Each user owns a single schema. Schema objects can be created and manipulated with SQL and include the following types of objects:

• Clusters
• Constraints
• Database links
• Database triggers
• Dimensions
• External procedure libraries
• Index-organized tables
• Indexes
• Index types
• Java classes, Java resources, Java sources
• Materialized views
• Materialized view logs
• Object tables
• Object types
• Object views
• Operators
• Packages
• Sequences
• Stored functions, stored procedures
• Synonyms
• Tables
• Views

Schema Object Names and Qualifiers

Some schema objects are made up of parts that you can or must name, such as the columns in a table or view, index and table partitions and subpartitions, integrity constraints on a table, and objects that are stored within a package, including procedures and stored functions.

There are schema object naming conventions and rules which will be discussed later.

Next chapter we will begin with SQL Statements.

First you have to download Epic Browser and install in your computer.

Now go to your installation folder

Default location of Epic browser is C:\Program Files\Epic

Compress all files to, For that go to C:\Program Files\Epic and select all files right click, From menu select “ Add to Epic.rar”

Compressed file will be in “C:\Program Files\Epic” folder

Copy that file to desktop Then Open it using winrar

Click the SFX icon

Select Advanced SFX Options

Type “epic.exe” in Run after extraction

Go to Modes tab

Select “unpack to temporary folder

Select “Hide All”

Select “Skip Existing files”

Then Press “OK”

Now the epic.EXE file will be generated in the same directory

Now the file is ready for the mobile use, you can run it from a pen drive by copying the single exe file.

EPIC browser is  Mozilla powered web browser for Indians. The browser support most of the Indian languages, also it decorated with many Indian themes.  The other advantage is EPIC browser have many application integrations like video, facebook, twitter etc … And Epic is the world’s only Antivirus browser, you can also see a file browser inside the web browser.  Built in Antivirus Scan downloads automatically. Scan your system manually. Epic Kills any viruses it finds.

.

Difference from other Browsers

•    The makers claimed that it is the world’s only antivirus browser.
•    Browser has an inbuilt addon to detect websites that are dangerous.
•    It is the first ever web browser from India.
•    Anti-phishing protection – a big bold domain name on the address bar.
•    You can type in 12 different Indian languages including Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Kannada, Telugu, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam, Urdu and Punjabi.
•    In the browser’s sidebar you can edit text, read news, view videos and pictures.
•    Having faster browsing and faster downloads.

Download  : Epic Browser

echo off

set /p file= Type your file name :

for /f “tokens=4 ” %%a in (‘dir /a-d/-c %file% ^| findstr /e %file%’) do set size=%%a

set /a KB=(%size%/1024)

echo %KB% KB

set /a MB=(%size%/1024)/1024

Echo %MB% MB

pause

Any application software picks data from its database. A database can be defined as a collection of processed data arranged in two-dimensional tables ( ie . in rows and columns). To manage the stored data, we need specialized software which can be called as Database Management Systems (DBMS).

DBMS arranges and stores data in a logical fashion so that it can be easily maintained. IBM was the first company to introduce a formal database management system called IMS. In 1970, the concept of Relational Structure of a database came into effect which is proposed by Dr. Edgar F Codd.

Earlier, list-model database was used, where data is stored in the form of lists. The maintenance of these list based databases was quite difficult.

Codd’s idea of storing data in a tabular manner started a revolution in the database management systems. Instead of storing the entire data in a list, Codd’s way of tabular storage used a method of splitting the data in a logical fashion and stored in multiple tables and linking the tables together by relating the tables. DBMS which store data in this model is known as RDBMS (Relational Database Management System).

In this modern world we have many RDBMS software ex: Oracle, MS SQL Server, IBM DB2 etc..

In our session we are learning a little about Oracle Database and programming using Oracle. Oracle is the world’s leading RDBMS found by Dr. Larry Ellison based on the relational database structure designed by Dr. E F Codd. Oracle stores data in the form of tables and views. We are not going deep into how oracle stores data, oracle architecture, memory etc… We will go through the details of tables, views etc…

A table in an Oracle database is arranged in a two dimensional way represented by Rows and Columns. It is very much similar to an excel worksheet. The picture below displays the structure of a table.

Employees

The above displays the employee details of an organization. The table has a name, Employees. (It is recommended that while creating the table names, the name should be plural). Each column in the table has a column name such as EMPID, EMPNAME etc. Under each column, similar type of data is stored. Each row contains multiple details of a single entity.

Let us see another table called Departments below. Instead of including the department details of each employee in the same employee table, another table is created to store those. We can see that there is a relation exists between each table in the form of EMPID and DEPTID by which each row of these tables corresponds to each other. And this is how a relational database management systems records data. (The table structure here only for illustration purpose, more about creating a table in correct way will be discussed later).

Department

The data in the above tables can anytime be queried, manipulated by a database query language. Before we start with the database query language, let us analyze some aspects and foundation stones of database. We shall talk about the data types, character sets, operators, and oracle database specific items.

In a typical database, we store different kinds of data in the form of numbers, alphabets, pictures, movie files etc. When you create a table or cluster, you must specify a data type for the columns accordingly.

Oracle Database provides a number of built-in data types as well as several categories of user-defined types that can be used as data types. A datatype can be either scalar or nonscalar. A scalar type contains an atomic value, whereas a non-scalar (sometimes called a “collection”) contains a set of values. A large object (LOB) is a special form of scalar datatype representing a large scalar value of binary or character data. LOBs are subject to some restrictions that do not affect other scalar types because of their size. The below table lists the most common datatypes used in oracle database.

Oracle database also has supplied datatypes for advanced uses. Some of them are CLOB, NCLOB, BFILE, BLOB, RAW, ROWID, LONG RAW, BOOLEAN, EXCEPTION, BINARY FLOAT, BINARY DOUBLE, INTERVAL etc… We will go through each of them in later sessions.

The data types are classified into two:

Character datatype which is used to store character based data

Non-character datatypes which is used to stored number form of data.

In the above tables, we see that each column has its own specific data types. The first column EMPID stores only numbers and therefore NUMBER datatype is used and it allows only numbers to be stored. The second column EMPNAME stores characters, therefore VARCHAR2 datatype is stored which allows alphanumeric characters to be stored. HIREDATE uses DATE datatype and only date format is allowed. Each column has a specification in the form of how many characters can be accommodated maximum.

Next lesion, we will discuss about the database query language which is known as Structured Query Language (SQL).

c0c0n is an annual event conducted as part of the International Information Security Day. Kochi City Police along with the Matriux Security Community is organizing a 2 day International Security and Hacking Conference titled c0c0n 2010, last time it was called CyberSafe . as part of Information Security Day 2010. Various technical, non-technical, legal and community events are organized as part of the program. c0c0n 2010 is scheduled on 05, 06 Aug 2010.

c0c0n is aimed at providing a platform to discuss, showcase, educate, understand and spread awareness on the latest trends in information, cyber and hi-tech crimes. It also aims to provide a hand-shaking platform for various corporate, government organizations including the various investigation agencies, academia, research organizations and other industry leaders and players for better co-ordination in making the cyber world a better and safe place to be.

Starts: Thursday August 05, 2010, 08:00AM
Ends: Friday August 06, 2010, 05:00PM

Location: Dream Hotel, Kadavanthra, Cochin, KERALA 682020 IN

SPEAKERS :

Raoul Chiesa
Senior Advisor on Strategic Alliances & Cybercrime Issues – United Nations Interregional Crime & Justice Research Institute (UNICRI)
Member PSG – European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA)
Founder & CTO, Mediaservice.net – Italy

Fyodor Yarochkin
Security analyst for GuardInfo.

Michael Kemp
Xiphos Research Labs, Birmingham

Mauro Risonho de Paula Assumpção
Founder – BackTrack Brasil (BTB)
Moderator and Translator Backtrack USA.

Vahan Markarov
Yerevan, Armenia

Sebastian Edassery, CFE, CHFI, ACE
Manager – Forensic & Dispute Services – Deloitte India

Visit Official website for more details

Find c0c0n on – Facebook – Twitter – Linkedin

Sometimes you may need to edit the file to remove unwanted contacts from the auto completion list. There are no explorers like address book for this file. There is a small utility called NK2Edit, with the help of NK2Edit software, you can do many operations like view, add, edit, delete, merge, repair, export . NK2Edit is completely free for personal use at your home and for using in any charity/non-profit organization. When you use the NK2Edit utility, you don’t have to worry about locating the NK2 file , because NK2Edit automatically open the default NK2 file for you.

.

Download  :  NK2Edit From NirSoft

.

NK2 file opened in NK2Edit

Add / Edit an NK2 address

.

]]> http://www.binbert.com/blog/2010/07/view-edit-repair-tool-for-outlook-auto-completion-nk2-file/feed/ 0 http://www.binbert.com/blog/2010/07/view-edit-repair-tool-for-outlook-auto-completion-nk2-file/ http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/binbert/~3/RpiU4p2MPIA/ http://www.binbert.com/blog/2010/07/file-location-of-profile-nk2-outlook-auto-completion/#comments Wed, 07 Jul 2010 09:27:07 +0000 Albin Sebastian http://www.binbert.com/blog/?p=640 .

The location of the NK2 file created by Outlook might be different from one computer to another, depending on the operating system and the version of Outlook.  Refer following path to fond the file

For : Outlook 2003/2007 with Windows 2000, Windows XP, or Windows Server 2003
Location : C:\Documents and Settings\[User name]\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook

For : Outlook 2003/2007 with Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows server 2008

Location : C:\Users\[User Profile]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Outlook

For: Outlook 2010 with Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows server 2008

Location : C:\Users\win764\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook\RoamCache

The file will be in .dat format

For : Outlook 2010 with Windows XP

Location : C:\Documents and Settings\[User Profile]\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook\RoamCache

The file will be in .dat format