Biography Zone

Leonhard Euler Biography - A Mathematician And Physicist

2012-12-23T15:22:00.002-08:00

Euler was born in 1707 in Basel, Switzerland. He was accepted into the University of Basel in 1720 when he was only thirteen years old reached. At first he studied theology, but soon moved to math. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Basel at the age of seventeen years and when he was only twenty years old he received an invitation from Catherine I of Russia to join the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. At the age of twenty-three years he became a professor of physics in there and when she was twenty-six years he was chairman of the mathematics replace korsi that were formerly occupied by a famous mathematician Daniel Bernoulli. Two years later lost his eye sight next door, but he continued working at full capacity, producing brilliant articles.

In 1741 Frederick the Great of Prussia persuading Euler to leave Russia and asked to join the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. He lived in Berlin for twenty five years and returned to Russia in 1766. Shortly after that his eyes could not see anymore. Even in the stricken state of this kind, it is not stopping the investigation. Euler has a spectacular ability in mental arithmetic, and until he died (in 1783 at St. Petersburg - now called Leningrad - at the age of seventy-six years), he continued to issue high-grade paper in mathematics. Euler married twice and had thirteen children, eight of whom died young.

All Euler discovery could have been made man even if he had never lived in this world. Although I think, appropriate criteria are used in this problem is to ask the questions: what will happen in the modern world if he had not done anything? In connection with Leonhard Euler answer seems clear: modern science and technology will be far behind, almost inconceivable, in the absence of the Euler formula, formulas, and methods. Index glance glance mathematics and physics textbook will show these explanations Euler angle (hard object motion); stability Euler (infinite series); equilibrium Euler (hydro-dynamics); equilibrium Euler motion (dynamics of hard objects); Euler formula (a complex variable ); summation Euler (boundless barrage), Eurel polygonal curve (differential balance); opinion about diversity Euler function (partial differential balance); transformation Euler (infinite barrage); law Bernoulli-Euler (elastisitis theory); formula Euler- Fourier (trigonometric series); equilibrium Euler-Lagrange (calculus of variations, mechanics), and Euler-Maclaurin formula (summation method) was all about some of the essentials.

The results of mathematical and scientific Euler truly absurd. He wrote 32 books complete, much of which consists of two volumes, several hundred articles about math and science. People say, a collection of scientific writings consist of over 70 volumes! The genius of Euler enrich nearly every aspect of pure mathematics and mathematical ready-made, and its contribution to mathematical physics is almost no limit to use.

Euler specialized experts demonstrate how the general laws of mechanics, which have been formulated in the previous century by Isaac Newton, can be used in certain types of physical situations that occur repeatedly. For example, using Newton's laws of motion in the fluid, the Euler equations can develop hydro-dynamics. Also, through a careful analysis of the possibility of the muscular movement of goods, and with the use of the principles of Newton. And Euler enabled to develop a number of opinions that completely determine the motion of stout stuff. In practice, of course, the object of objects is not always necessarily muscular. Therefore, Euler also made important contributions on the theory of elasticity describes how a solid can change shape through the use of external power.

Euler also used his talents in the mathematical analysis of problems of astronomy, specifically concerned about the "three-body" which deals with the issue of how the sun, earth and moon move under gravity they each are the same. This problem - a problem that so thinking for the 21st century - has not been fully resolved. Incidentally, only Euler leading scientists of the 18th century who (correctly, as later proved) to support the wave theory of light.

Euler ideas that poured endlessly is often the starting point for generating mathematical discoveries that can make someone famous. For example, Joseph Louis Lagrange, the French mathematical physicist, succeeded in formulating a series of formulas ("Lagrange formula") which has an important theoretical significance and can be used to solve various problems of mechanics. Basically the formula discovered by Euler, as it is often called the Euler-Lagrange formula. Another French mathematician Jean Baptiste Fourier, is generally credited with the invention of mathematical techniques, known by the nickname Fourier analysis. Here, too, the first basic formula discovered by Leonhard Euler, and known as the Euler-Fourier formulas. They found wide use and wide range of physics, including acoustics and electromagnetic theory.

In matters of mathematics, Euler particularly interested in the field of calculus, differential formula, and the infinity of the number. His contributions in this field, although very important, too technical here presented. His contributions in the field of calculus of variations and the theory of complexity number is the basis of all subsequent developments in this field. The two topics that have a broad range of work in the field of the use of scientific practice, in addition to the importance in the field of pure mathematics.

Euler formula,, shows the relationship between the trigonometric functions and the imaginary number, and can be found the logarithm of a negative number. This is one of the most widely used formula in all areas of mathematics. Euler also wrote a textbook on analytical geometry and made important contributions in the field of differential geometry and normal.

Although Euler had a great ability for mathematical discoveries that enable it to do scientific practices, he almost had equal advantages in the field of pure mathematics. Unfortunately, so many contributions in the field of number theory, but not so much that can be presented here. Euler also those beginners who work in topology, a branch of mathematics that have important meaning in the 20th century.

Finally, Euler made important contributions made mathematical symbol system of the present number. For example, he was responsible for general use Greek letters to describe the ratio between the circumference of a circle to its diameter. He also introduced many systems are now signs that fit commonly used in mathematics.

Ref : http://media.isnet.org/iptek/100/Euler.html

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Iwan Fals Biography - Asian Heroes Music

2012-12-17T15:12:00.002-08:00

Iwan Fals Biography - Asian Heroes Music

Iwan Fals whose full Virgiawan Listanto (born 3 September 1961 in Jakarta) is an homage to the ballad singer who became a living legend in Indonesia. Through his songs, Iwan describes the social atmosphere of the life of Indonesia (especially Jakarta) in the late 1970's to the present. The criticism of the behavior of a group of people (such as songs Representatives and Aunt Lisa), empathy for marginalized groups (eg track and Lonteku Spot Opposite the Palace), or the catastrophe that hit Indonesia (or sometimes outside Indonesia, such as songs Ethiopia) dominate theme songs that brings.

Through his songs, he photographed and socio-cultural life in the late 1970's to the present. The criticism of the behavior of a group of people (such as Representatives, Aunt Lisa), empathy for marginalized groups (such as Spot Opposite the palace, Lonteku), or a major disaster that hit Indonesia (or sometimes outside Indonesia, such as Ethiopia) dominate theme songs its merit. Iwan fals did not just sing his songs but also a number of other creators.

Iwan who also was active in sports, have earned a National Karate Champion II, IV Karate National Champion 1989, had entered the national training and practice karate on campus, STP (High School Publication). Iwan also became a tabloid columnist in several sports.

Iwan charisma of a very large FALS. He is highly revered by the 'grassroots'. Simplicity being a role model fans scattered throughout the archipelago. The fans Iwan FALS even established a foundation on August 16, 1999 called the Foundation for People Indonesia, commonly known by the call Oi. The Foundation embodies activities fans Iwan Fals. Until now branch offices can be found all over the Oi archipelago and some even to foreign countries.

Journey of Life-Early Life Iwan Fals

Iwan FALS childhood was spent in London, and then joined his brother in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia for the past 8 months. Honed his musical talents when he was 13 years old, in which Iwan spent much time with singing in Bandung. Playing guitar since I was young did he even singing bergitar ability to train and create songs. While in junior high, glittering guitarist Iwan school choir.

Next, came an invitation to try his fortune in Jakarta from a producer. He then sold his motorcycle to the cost of creating the master. Iwan's first album recorded with his colleagues, Toto Gunarto, Helmi, Bambang Bule incorporated in Ambush. But the album failed in the market and Iwan went back to my profession as a musician.

Once can champion in country music festival, Iwan joined the song festivals humor. Spirits Setiawan (deceased), humorous songs belong Iwan was recorded with Pepeng, Krishna, Nana manuscript and produced by ABC Records. But it also failed and only consumed by certain circles. Until finally, a trip Iwan work with Musica Studio. Prior to Musica, Iwan has been recorded about 4-5 albums. In Musica, Iwan songs then worked more seriously. Bachelor album, for example, the music was handled by Willy Soemantri.

Iwan remained his profession as a musician. He was singing by visiting house to house, sometimes in the Market Surprised or Block M. Bachelor album was a lot of interest and Iwan started getting many offers to sing. Then got into television after 1987. Time arbitrary event broadcast on TVRI broadcast Commerce, Bakri Oemar song was aired on TVRI. When the second son Iwan, Ancestor born in 1985, was immediately stopped singing activities.

During the New Order, many concert schedule Iwan banned and canceled by the government, because the lyrics of the song are critical.

On joining the group and released an album titled SWAMI SWAMI in 1989, the name Iwan soared, scoring hits Bento and Unloading phenomenal. FALS Iwan's career continued to rise when he joined the Cantata Takwa in 1990, supported fully by businessmen Setiawan Djodi. Cantata concerts Takwa then until now regarded as the biggest music concerts and grandest in the history of Indonesian music.

Family

Iwan Fals Biography

Iwan was born in Jakarta on 3 September 1961 from the couple Haryoso (father) (deceased) and Lies (mother). Iwan married Rosanna (Ma'am Josh) and had children Anarchy Signs Galang (deceased), Annie Ancestor Basae signs, and signs Robbani Rayya.

Galang follow his father involved in the field of music. However, the music that he is playing is different from trade mark which has become a father. Galang later became guitarist of interest and had released one album before his death.

Name Galang also made one song Iwan, titled Anarchy Signs Galang Opinion on the album, which tells about the anxiety parents face rising commodity prices as the impact of rising fuel prices in early 1981 on the day of birth Galang (January 1, 1981).

The root name as the second daughter was also immortalized as the title of the album and the title track Iwan Fals published in 1991.

Anarchy Signs Galang died in April 1997 of a sudden that makes musical activities Iwan FALS had a vacuum for a few years. Galang was buried in the yard Iwan Fals on Leuwinanggung Bogor West Java village about an hour's drive from Jakarta. After the death of Galang, Iwan often busied himself with painting and practicing martial arts.

In 2002 Iwan became active again after all this time to make the album alone with the advent of Conscience album in which there is a song that tells Face Only death Anarchy Signs Galang. In this song the wife Iwan fals (Josh) also contributed his voice.

Iwan charisma of a very large FALS. Simplicity being a role model fans scattered throughout the archipelago. The fans Iwan FALS even established a foundation on August 16, 1999, called The Foundation for Indonesia or commonly known as Oi. The Foundation embodies activities fans Iwan Fals.

Ref : http://iwan-fals.blogspot.com/2007/04/biografi-singkat-iwan-fals.html
http://www.ghabo.com/gpedia/index.php/Iwan_Fals

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Salahudin Al-Ayubi Biography - Commander Kurdish Muslim

2012-12-13T14:06:00.004-08:00

Salahudin Al-Ayubi Biography

Salahuddin Al-Ayubi (1138 - 1193 AD) was born of Kurdish family in Tikrit (140km northwest of Baghdad) near the river Tigris in 1137M. His childhood was spent ten years studying at Damascus in the members of the ruling dynasty Zangid Syria, namely Nur Ad-Din or Nur al-Din Zangi.

Salahudin Al-Ayubi or rather Sholahuddin Yusuf ibn Ayyub, Salah Ad-Din ibn Ayyub or Saladin / salahadin (according to the pronunciation of the West) is one of the great heroes in tharikh (the history of) Islam. The concept and the culture of war hero is a celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad that we know called Maulud or mawlid, milad comes from the word that means the year, as the term meaningful birthday. A variety of birthday celebration among / Muslim organizations are often referred to as milad or miladiyah, although the intention is the birthday calendar according to the Gregorian calendar.

In addition to studying Islam, Saladin had learned from his uncle Asaddin military Shirkuh, a warlord Seljuk Turks. Caliphate. Along with his uncle Saladin ruled Egypt, and mendeposisikan last sultan of the Fatimid Caliphate (a derivative of Fatimah Az-Zahra, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad SAW).

Dinobatkannya Saladin became sultan of Egypt made the gaffe for his son Nur al-Din Salih Ismail. Until after Din died in 1174, Salih Ismail disputed lineage the right to the caliphate in Egypt. Finally Salih Ismail of Damascus and Saladin fought and successfully mastered Sholahuddin. Salih Ismail was forced to step aside and continued to fight the power of the new dynasty to have been killed in the year 1181. Saladin led Syria as well as Egypt and the return of Islam in Egypt back to the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah.

In a constantly growing territory Saladin defeated the Crusader invasion of Europe, except the one thing that recorded was Saladin had retreated from the Battle of Montgisard battle against Kingdom of Jerusalem (short kingdom of Jerusalem during the Crusades). But the pullback Sholahuddin Raynald of Châtillon resulted from the war lords The Holy Land Jerusalem Muslim memrovokasi pathway by interfering with trade and the Red Sea used as the path of pilgrims to Mecca and Medina. Worse Raynald threatened to attack the two holy cities, until Saladin attacked the Kingdom of Jerusalem back in 1187 at the Battle of Hattin war, as well as to execute the death penalty to Raynald and captured its king, Guy of Lusignan.

Eventually all of Jerusalem back into the hands of Muslims and the Kingdom of Jerusalem collapsed. In addition to other cities Jerusalem was conquered unless Tyres / Tyre. The fall of Jerusalem was a Christian triggers moving the Third Crusade Europe or the Third Crusade.

This decreases the Third Crusade Richard I of England to the battlefield at the Battle of Arsuf. Saladin was forced to resign, and for the first time can feel overthrew invincibilty Crusader Sholahuddin. In military Sholahuddin admired when Richard injuries, Saladin offers treatment in time of war at which time medical science has advanced and the Muslims believe.

Saladin and Richard Ramla

In 1192 Saladin and Richard Ramla agreed in the agreement, in which the Muslims controlled Jerusalem permanent and open to Christian pilgrims. The next year Saladin died in Damascus after Richard's return to England. Even when people open the treasure chest treasure apparently not enough for the cost of his funeral, his property widely distributed to those who need it.

The Book Of Saladin

Complete data about King Salahudin Al-Ayubi
Reigning 1174 M. - March 4, 1193 AD
Named 1174 M.
Full name Yusuf Ayyubi
Born 1138 M. in Tikrit, Iraq
Died March 4 1193 M. in Damascus, Syria
Buried Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, Syria
Preceded Din Zengi
Substitute Al-Aziz
Ayyubid dynasty
Father Najmuddin Ayyub

Besides admired Muslims, Saladin or Saladin / salahadin got a great reputation in Christian Europe, the story of the war and his leadership many written works of poetry and literature in Europe, one of which was The Talisman (1825) work of Walter Scott.

The past is not easy to go even though we like do not want to see him. Even in one of the walls of the Umayyad Mosque which was once the Cathedral of John the Baptist who faces made so beautiful mosque in the year 700, a historian still find the rest of this inscription: "Thy kingdom, O Christ, is the eternal kingdom .... '

But if the past is not easy to go, from what part of Saladin who will come to us now? From the tomb a dull space, myth what would we continue? The story of Saladin is the story of the battle. Of his day we hear terrible stories how religion has demonstrated its ability to inspire courage and inspiration of sacrifice - that would need to be in the form of murder.

But most of the story of Saladin - spread both West and East of the long history of the Crusades in the 12th century - was also the story of a courageous in battle, who does not want to shed blood. Saladin took Jerusalem back in the summer of 1187. But before the invasion, he gave the Christian ruler of the city's opportunity to prepare themselves so that they can fight the troops with dignity. And when the Christian army was eventually defeated, too, who do not make the Christians Saladin slaves. Saladin even release some of them, without rancor, even once, in the year 1099, when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem from Europe, 70 thousand Muslims were massacred and the city remains of Jews were herded into synagogues to be burned.

"My son," so it is said that Sultan message to his son, az-Zahir, before his death, "... Do not spill blood ... blood spattered because will not fall asleep."

In just 55 years of his life, that effort seems Saladin. Although he was not always flawless, though he often ordered the killing, after all we know, it's how the leader of the Muslims to be kind to King Richard the Lionheart who came from England to defeat. When Richard ill in battle, Saladin sent him fresh pears cool in the snow, and also a doctor. Then the peace was signed, 1 September 1192, and the party was held with various games, and the Europeans amazed how Islam can bear it as best man.

We now also be amazed at how the past can bear it as best man. Especially when people are just trying to bring back what the brave from the 12th century but dampen what patience and peace of an era of war. But the important fact of the past?

Kurds displaced from the tomb of the great, one day in 1970, I returned to the center of Damascus, through the hallway of a busy bazaar in front of the Umayyad Mosque. The city is boisterous, the hubbub is possible without history.

l9 January 1991
(Goenawan Mohamad, Uptown Notes 4, Graffiti, 1995, p.
388-390)

Ref :

http://yulian.firdaus.or.id/
http://m0emets.blogspot.com/2007/11/salahudin-al-ayubi.html

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Ibn Al Haitham Biography - Wise Men In The West

2012-12-13T13:48:00.000-08:00

Ibn Haitham or All real name Abu Muhammad al-Hassan Ibn al-Haitham, or wise men of the West, he is known as Alhazen, Ibn Haitham was born in Basra in 965 AD along with the 354H, and he died in Cairo in 1039 AD, when he was 74 years old, was an Islamic scholar who is an expert in the field of science, astronomy, mathematics, geometry, medicine, and philosophy . He also did a lot of investigation into the light, and has given inspiration to western scientists like Boger, Bacon, and Kepler in creating the microscope and telescope ..

Period of Islamic scholars

Islam is often given image as a backward religion and rewind. Islam also said not to encourage his people demanded and master various sciences field. The reality and the picture given is not only not true but conflict with the actual history.

History has proven how much of the Islamic world has produced many scholars and scientists group was simply superb in the field of philosophy, science, politics, literature, society, religion, medicine, and so on. One characteristic that can be seen in the figures is that they are not Islamic scholars simply can master the art at a young age, but in a short time to master multiple disciplines simultaneously.

Although it's more recognizable figures in science and medicine but he also has a high proficiency in the field of religion, philosophy, and so on. One of the character than is Ibn Haitham or All real name Abu Muhammad al-Hassan Ibn al-Haitham.

The journey of life

In the wise men of the West, he is known by the name of Alhazen. Ibn Haitham was born in Basra in 965 AD along with the 354H. He started his early education at Basrah before sworn in as a government employee in his native port. After a while submissive with the government there, he took the decision to migrate to Ahwaz and Baghdad. In the colony he has continued teaching and concentrating on writing.

His passion for science has brought emigrated to Egypt. While there he had taken the opportunity to do some investigative work on the flow of the Nile River and drains as well as copying of books on mathematics and astronomy. The goal is to get the money back on the way to the University of Al-Azhar.

Results rather than effort, he has become a very proficient in science, astronomy, mathematics, geometry, medicine, and philosophy. The writing on the eyes, has become one of the important reference in the field of teaching science in the West. In fact, her study of the treatment of the eye has been a principle to the study of modern medicine on the eye.

The work and research

Ibn Haitham is a scientist who likes to do the investigation. Investigation of the light has given inspiration to western scientists like Boger, Bacon, and create a microscope and telescope Kepler. He was the first person to write and meet various important data about the light.

Some of the books he wrote about the light has been translated into English, which is Light and On Twilight Phenomena. Membahaskan many studies about dusk and halos around the moon and the sun and shadow, and the eclipse.

According to Ibn Haitham, the light of dawn begins when the sun is on the line 19 darjah on the eastern horizon. The red color in the evening too would be lost if the sun is in the line 19 darjah western horizon. From his studies, he has also been successful as a light position bias produces light and reversing light.

Ibn Haitham also participating in the percubaan the glass burned and thence terhasillah theory magnifying lens. The theory has been used by scientists in Italy to produce the first magnifying lens in the world.

Even more amazing is that Ibn Haitham has met the content cohesive principle of air before a scientist named Trricella know that 500 years later the case. Ibn Haitham also met kewujudan pull of gravity before Newton Issaac know. Moreover, the theory of Ibn Haitham about the human soul as a series of feelings in a row on a regular basis has given inspiration to western scientists to produce a puppet figure. His theory led to the discovery of a film that later joined in a row and played to the audience as we can tontoni today.

Philosophy

In addition to science, Ibn Haitham also wrote about philosophy, logic, metafizik, and issues relating to religion. He co-authored the review and summary of the works of earlier scholars.

Many philosophical writing is concentrated on the aspect of truth in matters of dispute. Dissension and schism her case about something berpunca than the approach used in recognized.

He also argues that free is only one truth. Therefore all reasonable charges diragui truth in assessing all views are available there. Thus, his view of the philosophy is very interesting to highlight.

For Ibn Haitham, philosophy can not be separated rather than mathematics, science, and divinity. All of the three fields and disciplines should be mastered and to hang someone that needs to use his youth to the fullest. If age is increasing, and mental strength will help fizikal decline.

Work

Ibn Haitham proved his views if he so ghairah seek and explore science at a young age. So now he triumphed produced many books and papers. Among his books include:

1. Al'Jami 'fi Usul al'Hisab which contains metametik science theories and metametik penganalisaannya;
2. Kitab al-tahlil wa al'Tarkib about geometry;
3. Book tahlil ai'masa ^ il al 'Adadiyah of algebra;
4. Maqalah fi Istikhraj SIMAT al'Qiblah who investigated the Qiblah direction for the entire shoreline;
5. FIMA M.aqalah Tad'u llaih on the use of geometry in syarak and legal affairs
6. Minutes of Sina'at fi al-Syi'r about poetry writing techniques.

Ibn Haitham donation to science and philosophy very much. Kerana that Ibn Haitham recognized as a poor man but rich in terms of material science. Some of the views and opinion is still relevant so to this day.

Camera Obscura (the Latin for dark room), the development of Ibn Al Haitham findings are based on the principle of capturing light reflected from an object.

Nevertheless partly his longer had "stolen" and "diceduk" by Western scientists without providing a reasonable appreciation to him. Indeed west should thank Ibn Haitham and his deep Islamic scholars without their chances European world was covered with darkness.

Ibn Haitham studies have provided the foundation for the development of science and at the same time his writings on the philosophy of thinking has proved the authenticity of Islamic scholars in the discipline are no longer shackled by the thought of Greek philosophy.

Ref :http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Haitham

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2012-12-12T20:25:00.000-08:00

Mao Zedong Biography - Founder Poeple's Republic Of China

2012-12-12T09:32:00.000-08:00

Mao Zedong Biography

Mao Zedong (Hanzi: 毛泽东) (born in Shaoshan, Hunan, December 26, 1893 - died in Beijing, 9 September 1976 at the age of 82 years), was a prominent philosopher and founder of the People's Republic of China. He is one of the most important figures in the history of modern China

Born in a poor peasant family, Mao since childhood to work hard and life is concerned. Although in later life increased family economic circumstances, but the misery in childhood that influenced later life. When small, Mao was sent to study at the elementary school. Childhood education also includes classical Confucian teachings. But at age 13, his father told him to stop going to school and working in the fields.

Mao rebellious and determined to complete his education so that he was desperate to run away from home and continue their education elsewhere.

In 1905, he joined the state exam at that time began removing the old Confucian ideologies; replaced by Western-style education. This marks the beginning of an intellectual uncertainty in China.

In 1911, Mao engaged in the Xinhai Revolution was a revolution against the Qing dynasty that resulted in the collapse of the Chinese empire that has ruled over 2000 years since 221 BC. In 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed by Sun Yat-sen and China officially entered the era of the republic. Mao then continue their education and learn a lot of things, among other western cultures. In 1918 he graduated and then attended the University of Beijing. There he will meet with the founders of the Marxist CCP.

Mao and the party is
Mao in Yan'an in 1946

The party was founded in 1921, Mao and Mao are increasingly vocal. Between the years 1934 - 1935 he held the lead role and lead the Chinese Red Army undergoing "Mars Long". Then, since the year 1937 he joined the Army to help fight the Dai Nippon occupied many regions of China. Finally, World War II ended and the civil war flared up again. In the war against the nationalists, Mao became the leader of the Reds and eventually it won in 1949. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed and the nationalist Chinese leader; Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan.

In Mao CCP itself since 1943 and is chairman of the secretariat of the party Politburo but in fact it controls the rest of the party until his death in 1976. Leadership may not be vulgar cruel as Stalin but violence and behavior policies that arbitrarily himself brought the Chinese people plunged into ruin and misery incredible.

Philosophy of Mao
Mao Zedong in 1936

Mao is actually not an original philosopher. The ideas are based on socialism fathers such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Lenin and Stalin. But he had a lot to think about dialectical materialism is the basis of socialism and the application of these ideas in practice can be regarded as Mao done original. Mao could also be said of a Chinese philosopher whose influence is greatest in this 20th century.

Mao's most important philosophical concept is conflict. He said: "The conflict is universal and absolute, it is in the process of development of all goods and possess all the process from beginning to end." Model of history Karl Marx was also based on the principle of conflict: the oppressed class and the oppressed class, capital and jobs are in a eternal conflict. At some point this will lead to a crisis and the workers will win. In this new situation will eventually lead to a crisis yet, but logically all processes ultimately by Mao, will lead to a stable and harmonious balance. Mao thus argues that all conflicts are universal and absolute, so in other words are timeless. Mao's concept of conflict no resemblance to the philosophical concept of yin-yang. It all sounds like a dogmatic belief. Below is a snippet of his thoughts on the conflict.

In science everything is broken down by a particular conflict inherent to the objects of their research. Conflict thus constitute the basis of some form of scientific disciplines. Here can be presented a few examples: positive and negative numbers in mathematics, action and reaction in mechanics, electricity and negatifa positive in the physical sciences, attraction and repulsion in chemistry, class conflict in the social sciences, attack and defense in science war, idealism and materialism and dialectical perspective in metaphysics and philosophy of science, and so on. It's all research object science disciplines in different because each discipline has a specific conflict and the essence or gist of each.

Examples given by Mao Zedong on 'conflict' in different disciplines took from Lenin. Some of the analogies are appropriate but others do not. Numbers of positive and negative is a bad example of the dialectics of Marxism because of their differences are not dynamic: there are only the numbers of positive and negative that have emerged. Opinion Mao into doubt when he says that 'konflik'-' conflict 'is the' essence 'rather than science discipline concerned. Positive and negative numbers are not the essence of mathematical sciences, as well as metaphysics and dialectics is not the essence of philosophy. Mao is someone who is educated and understanding-understanding can be explained by the wrong because he was obsessed with the concept conflicts. This obsession also affect his political decisions as will be discussed in more detail below.
The concept of Yin Yang affect philosophical view of Mao Zedong.

Mao second important concept is the concept of the knowledge which he also took from Marxism. Mao found an advanced knowledge of the physical experience and that experience was the same as the engagement.

If you seek knowledge then you have to engage with the state of the changed situation. If you want to know how it feels a cashew, guava then it should be changed by way of eating. If you want to know the structure of the atom, then you must perform experiments of physics and chemistry to change the status of this atom. If you want to know the theory and metoed revolution, then you should follow. All true knowledge comes from direct experience.

Only after someone get experience, then he could jump to the front. After that pengathuan practiced back that makes people get to experience it again and so on. Here it was shown that Mao Marxism not only recognize but also understand neokonfusianisme as suggested by Wang Yangmin who lived in the 15th century to the 16th century.

The politics and policies of Mao

Mao distinguish two types of conflict; conflict of antagonistic and non-antagonistic conflicts. Antagonistic conflict can only be solved according to the battle alone while the non-antagonistic conflict can be resolved by a discussion. According to Mao conflict between the workers and the workers with the capitalists is an antagonist of the conflict while the conflict between the people of China to the party is a non-antagonistic conflict.

In 1956, Mao introduced a new policy in which intellectuals should expend their opinion as compromises to the party who pressed for wanting to avoid the violent suppression accompanied by the motto: "Let a hundred flowers flourish and hundred different thoughts contend." But ironically policy This political failure: the intellectuals are not satisfied and spend a lot of criticism. Mao himself argued that he had been betrayed by them, and his revenge. Approximately 700,000 members of the intelligentsia ditangkapinya and forcibly put to work in rural areas.

Mao believed in the eternal nature of a revolution. He also believes that every revolution inevitably produce the counter-revolutionaries. Therefore, he regularly combating and capturing what he considers his political opponents and the traitors or the counter-revolutionaries. The most dramatic event and the tragic events of the Cultural Revolution is the heart that occurred in 1966. In 1960 students around the world are in happy-happy rebel against what they consider the Establishment or the ruling. Similarly, in China. The difference in China they are supported by their teachers and dignitaries of the Party, including Mao himself. The students and faculty set up what is called the Red Guard, a paramilitary unit. Equipped with the Red Book of Mao, they attack the minions of capitalism and Western influences, and other counter-revolutionaries. As an example of their fanaticism, among other they refuse to stop on the highway when the red light is on because they believe that the color red, which is a symbol of socialism might not mean something to stop. So the members of the Red Guard in 1966 so blindly in combating the counter-revolutionary that the Chinese state in an extremely precarious and almost destroyed; ekonominyapun beaten path. Mao finally forced to People's Liberation Army to tackle them and block their fanaticism. The result was a civil war that only ended in 1968.

Mao Zedong Biography

Failure Mao

In 1958 Mao launched what he called the Great Leap Forward in which reorganized rural areas in total. Everywhere established associations villages (communes). Economically it turns out it's all failed. These communes into units that are too large and can not be terurusi. Estimated to be nearly 20 million people died in China at that time wasted

Mao Zedong and the UN
Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.

People's Republic of China was proclaimed by Mao since in 1949 was not recognized by the United States. United States continue to recognize the Nationalist Republic of China since 1949 only controlled island of Formosa or Taiwan and beyond. China since the founding of the United Nations in 1945 has become a permanent member of the Security Council along with the United States, United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union (Russia) as the winner of World War II, continued to be represented as well. Just who is representing the nationalist government that ruled Taiwan is now only just. It is a strange time for the Chinese mainland was inhabited approximately 800 million people are not represented in the United Nations; representing only course which at that time Taiwan has a population of probably no more than 10 million people.

So at the end of the 1960s the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, began to approach the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union ended with the approval of PRC to the UN Security Council began in 1972 and replaced Taiwan.

Legacy of Mao and the People's Republic of China is currently

In 1976 Mao Zedong died. After that the People's Republic of China to be more open. Normalization of diplomatic relations with Indonesia are also realized in 1992. At this time China appears as a giant just woke up from his sleep and rapid economic growth. Even China could surpass Russia in its development. Things contested now is whether all this can be achieved thanks to Mao services or because the effect is thin.

Ref : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong

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Rudolf Diesel Biography - Inventor Of Diesel Engine

2012-12-12T08:35:00.003-08:00

Rudolf Diesel Biography

Rudolf Diesel (March 18, 1858 - 30 September 1913) was a German inventor, famous for his invention, the diesel engine, he was born in Paris and died in mysterious circumstances on board ferry on his way to England. Diesel developed the idea of a trigger compression engines of the last decade of the 19th century and received a patent for such a device on February 23, 1893. He built a working prototype in early 1897 when working at the MAN factory in Augsburg. Diesel engine is also named in honor of his services. Originally, he was named "engine oil".

Rudolf Diesel was born with the full name of Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel was born on March 18, 1858 in Paris, France, from a family of German craftsmen skin. Since childhood, he dekenal as a genius. At around the age of 20, in 1870, Diesel was awarded a bronze medal from the Société Pour L'Instruction Elémentaire, on several scientific works cemerlang.Tetapi, in the same year, the family was forced to leave Paris Diesel because of the new policy of the French government at the time of foreign immigrants. Diesel father failed to obtain permission to settle in France. They left and moved to London, England. Just a little while there, Rudolf later left alone to Augsburg, Germany, to attend school and live with his uncle and aunt who also teaches there as a teacher in Gewerbsschule. Soon the German-French War broke out.

In 1872, Rudolf began to be known and recognized as a candidate for a reliable mechanic. He completed his schooling at Gewerbsschule as one of the best graduates, then went to the University of Engineering (Polytechnic Institute) Muenchen. German-French war was over and for the first time she can get together and be reunited with his family in Paris.

Unfortunately, Rudolf could not attend the final exam scholarship, in 1879 after suffering an attack of dengue fever. However, during a lecture in Munich, he carved many brilliant achievements, among others, in 1878, with professors, managed to devise a blueprint steam engine with the highest efficiency ever until then. He also began to write several papers and published to the public. Immediately after recovery, instead choosing Rudolf began working as a mechanic at the company Sulzer in Winterthour, developing ice machine.

Finally, in 1880, Rudolf successfully complete the final exam's degree as a mechanical engineer and a graduate of the best ever produced by the Munich Polytechnic Institute throughout its history until now. After graduation, he decided to move settled in Paris and established a branch company ice machine there. He's even willing to work without pay. But a year later, 1881, the company appointed him as director of the factory in Paris, this is the year he first met with Heinrich Buz, Director of Machinery Augsburger, and they agreed to test and develop a system of clear ice pembuas machining. Rudolf year also received a certificate of his first patent on producing klareis findings in a bottle.

Rudolf Diesel

In 1883, Rudolf began to build a large ice factory in Paris. A year later, the ammonia engine development plan started. In 1886, plant spread its wings into Belgium. In 1887, the idea of the machine for the purpose of absorbing ammonia medium scale enterprises began to materialize. This is when Rudolf prove the theory of electromagnetic waves at high rotation per second. In 1889, Rudolf industrial engineering exhibited in Paris, exhibiting ice machine and refrigeration. Rudolf later gave a public lecture at an international congress on applied machines. He earned a standing ovation and the company immediately offered him a contract Lindes based in Berlin since 1890.

First Diesel Engine

In 1892, Rudolf received his patent for the discovery of the workings of the internal combustion engine (internal combustion engines). Rudolf immediately start the project size dekmudian developed what today is known as diesel engines. And on August 10, 1893, Rudolf had managed to realize his dream of creating the world's first diesel engine. Upon finding it, he got a patent numbered 608,845. In the same year published his book "Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat Engine for Substitution of the Steam Engines and Combustion Engines Admitted that activity," through the publisher Springer, Berlin. At that time also, Rudolf signed a contract with Augusburger, Krupp and Sulzer, while publishing the next book, "The Theory og Nachtraege for the Diesel Engine".

Diesel Engine Rudolf Diesel first artificial

Early prototype engine The fair showcased at Chicago, the United States and got a pretty good. He continued experimenting. In 1895, the Commission adopted Patents that the machine is working fine creations. He moved to Munich, 1896. Until the beginning of the next year (1897), he completed the plans further discovery engine with four steps (4 stroke). But the company Deutz AG tried to match it. Rudolf Krupp support that eventually gave birth to an agreement between the Deutz, Krupp and Augsburger to help Rudolf conduct a series of final follow-up experiment to improve engine findings.

That year was a busy year for Rudolf. He traveled to Scotland, then to Paris to make an aircraft, signed a contract with Adolphus-shrubs, and then demonstrates an example of the engine in front of the public in Augsburg. Then memeberi public lecture in Kassel, inaugurated the diesel engine community organizing in Paris, but also facing a lawsuit over patent rights by Emil Captaine. Even had suffered a loss in a test laboratory. However, diesel engine factory at Augsburg finally built in 1898. Four examples of first production machine immediately exhibited in Munich highway Pekar and he successfully completed the first diesel engine with a compressor for the company Deutz AG. Temptation comes again. He had masu mental hospital in Neuwittelsbach, Muenchen. But first diesel engine plant in America was completed that year. Trials keep coming. In the following year 1899 the first factory in Augsburg closed because it failed to achieve the target production quantities. However, the same year the first diesel engine used in oil drilling field Gailizien. He fell ill more often.

then in the 20th century, precisely in 1900, the first diesel engine plant in London was inaugurated. The fair demonstration machine in Paris gained special attention and get the prize. Because more often ill, he moved to a fresh settlement in Munich in 1901. While a lot of rest, he wrote and published a new book is more philosophical than technical, entitled "Solidarismus: natürliche wirtschaftliche Erlösung der Menschen", in 1903, which clearly shows the attitude and outlook essentially as a genius engineer who is also concerned with issues social and environmental. Two years later, in 1905, began to be used as a diesel train engine. And peak performance in 1910 when he performed in Paris with Week highway design is driven by the diesel engine fuel beans and hash oil. Two years later (1912) when the speech received his patent on his new machine, dinia peling recorded statement about the future of the historic machines that run with fuel vegetable oil biodiesel is now known as the "Der Gebrauch von Pflanzenöl als Krafstoff unbedeuntend heute sein mag . Aber derartige Produkte können im Laufe der Zeit Petroleum obenso wichtig werden wie diese und Kohle-Teer-Produkte von heute. " (Use vegetable oil as a fuel for now seem insignificant, but in time it will be important nati, as petroleum and coal-tar products at present). Biodiesel engine was improved again by Ludwig Elsbett.

Diesel Engine

Rudolf Diesel died under mysterious and tragic in the English Channel, in 1913, fell and drowned under mysterious circumstances. Up to now it is not known for the tragic accident.

Ref : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel

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kahlil Gibran Biography - Best Poet And Writter

2012-12-11T14:56:00.000-08:00

Kahlil Gibran was born on January 6, 1883 at Beshari, Lebanon. Beshari itself is an area frequently visited by hurricanes, earthquakes and lightning. No wonder if since childhood, Gibran was used to catch the eyes of the phenomena of nature. That later influenced his writings about nature.

At age 10, with his mother and two younger sisters, Gibran moved to Boston, USA. No wonder if then small Gibran experiencing culture shock, such as those experienced by many other immigrants who came to the United States poured at the end of the 19th century. Gibran joy in public school in Boston, filled with the language and acculturation style shaped by patterns of American life. However, the process of Americanization Gibran lasted only three years because after that he returned to as Beirut, where he studied at the Madrasa Al-Hikmat (School of Wisdom) from 1898 to 1901.

During early adolescence, his home and his vision of the future began to take shape. The tyranny of the Ottoman Empire, the hypocrisy of the church organization, and the role of the West Asian women are just as devout, inspiring outlook which then poured into his works in Arabic.

Gibran again left his homeland when he was 19 years old, but his mind could never escape from Lebanon. Lebanon has become his inspiration. In Boston he wrote about his country to express themselves. These were later actually gave the freedom to combine two different cultural experiences into one.

Gibran wrote his first drama in Paris from 1901 to 1902. When was the age of 20 years. His first work, "Spirits Rebellious" written in Boston and published in New York, which contains four stories as a satire of contemporary hardware subjugate corrupt people he saw. Consequently, Gibran received punishment in the form of exclusion from the Maronite church. However, Gibran's innuendos suddenly regarded as the voice of hope and liberation for the oppressed in West Asia.

The days of making himself while in Paris disintegrated when Gibran received word from the Consulate General of Turkey, that a tragedy had destroyed his family. His sister was the youngest 15 years old, Sultana, died of tuberculosis.

Gibran right back to Boston. His brother, Peter, a shop assistant who became the foundation of life brothers and his mother died of tuberculosis. Mother worship and adore, We're the guys, also had died of a malignant tumor. Only his sister, Marianna, remains, and he haunted by the trauma of illness and family poverty. Death of a beloved family member that occurred between March and June 1903. Gibran and his sister then had to sustain a family who did not complete it and strive to maintain its survival.

In the early years of their life together, Marianna finance the publication of the works of Gibran costs obtained from the sew in Miss Teahan's Gowns. Thanks to the hard work of his brother, Gibran's career can continue keseniman and kesasteraannya are still preliminary.

In 1908 Gibran stopover in Paris again. Here he lived happy that routinely receive enough money from Mary Haskell, a woman principal who was 10 years older, but is known to have a special relationship with him since I was living in Boston. From 1909 to 1910, he studied at the School of Beaux Arts and the Julian Academy. Back to Boston, Gibran set up a studio in West Cedar Street in the city of Beacon Hill. He also took over the financing of his family.

In 1911 Gibran moved to New York. In New York Gibran's work in his studio apartment at 51 West Tenth Street, a building that was deliberately set up to where he painted and wrote.

Prior to 1912 "Broken Wings" was published in Arabic. This book tells the story of love Selma Karami to his pupils. However, Selma had become its own nephew's fiance before he married to a husband who is a bishop who opportunist. Gibran's work is often regarded as his autobiography.

Effect of "Broken Wings" was very big in the Arab world because here for the first time Arab women are subordinated to have the opportunity to speak that they are the wives who have a right to protest the power structure set out in the marriage. First printing "Broken Wings" is dedicated to Mary Haskell.

Gibran was very productive and life experience much difference in subsequent years. In addition to writing in Arabic, he also continued to refine and develop mastery of English kesenimanannya. When a major war in Lebanon, Gibran became an observer of the non-government for the people of Syria who live in America.

When Gibran adult, his views on the East dimmed. Pierre Loti, a French novelist, who was very enamored with the Eastern world on Gibran once said, if this is so pathetic! Knowingly or not, Gibran did have learned to admire the greatness of the West.

Prior to 1918, Gibran was ready to launch his first works in English, "The Madman", "His Parables and Poems". Close friendship between Mary depicted in "The Madman". After "The Madman", the English-speaking Gibran book is "Twenty Drawing", 1919: "The Forerunne", 1920, and "The Prophet" in 1923, these works are a way for him to understand the world as adults and as a school student in Lebanon, written in Arabic, but not published, and then expanded again to be re-written in English in the year 1918-1922.

Before the publication of "The Prophet", a close relationship between Mary and Gibran began is unclear. Mary proposed Florance Minis, a wealthy businessman from Georgia. He offered Mary a life of luxury and urged him to abdicate responsibility education. Although relations Mary and Gibran was originally characterized by a variety of considerations and discussions about the possibility of their marriage, but basically the principles of Mary during these many different Gibran. Their impatience in building close relationships and their rejection of marriage clearly had penetrated into the relationship. Mary finally received Florance Minis.

In 1920 Gibran founded an association called Arrabithah Arab writer Al Alamia (Association of Writers). The purpose of this bond overhaul the stagnant Arab literature. Along with the rising reputation of Gibran, he has many admirers. One of them is Barbara Young. He knew after reading Gibran "The Prophet". Barbara Young himself is the owner of a bookstore that had previously been an English teacher. During the 8 years of living in New York, Barbara Young participate actively in the activities of the studio Gibran.

Gibran finish "Sand and Foam" 1926, and "Jesus the Son of Man" in 1928. He also read a drama script writing, "Lazarus" on January 6, 1929. After that Gibran completing "The Earth Gods" in 1931. His other works "The Wanderer", which has been in the hands of Mary, was published anonymously in 1932, after his death. Also other writings "The Garden of the Propeth".

On 10 April 1931 at 11:00 PM, Gibran died. His body has long encroached cirrhosis of the liver and tuberculosis, but this time he refused to be hospitalized. On the last morning, he was taken to St. Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village.

The next day Marianna sent a telegram to Mary in Savannah to proclaim the death of this poet. Despite having to take care of her husband who was also suffering from pain, Mary still found time to mourn Gibran.

Gibran body was then buried on 21 August in Ma Sarkis, a Carmelite monastery where Gibran once did worship.

After the death of Gibran, Barbara Younglah who knows the ins and outs of the studio, heritage and legacy land Gibran. Also a piece of paper that reads, "In my heart there is still a desire to help the East, because he had a lot of help."

Material summarized from:
Book: 10 Life Story Writer World
Title: Khalil Gibran
Editor: Anton WP and Yudhi Herwibowo
Publisher: Solo Katta, 2005
Pages: 63-70

Ref : http://chahndeso.wordpress.com/2008/01/21/biografi-kahlil-gibran-1883-1931/

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Chairil Anwar Biography - Development Of Indonesian Literature

2012-12-11T06:27:00.000-08:00

Chairil Anwar was born in Medan, 26 Julai 1922. He grew up in a pretty mess. Both mother and father divorced, and his father berkahwin again. After the divorce, when finished high school, Chairil followed his mother to Jakarta. Childhood in Medan, Chairil very tight with his grandmother. Familiarity is so giving the impression to live Chairil.

In a rare life grieving, is one of the greatest pain when her grandmother died. Chairil portray grief in extraordinary poignant poem:

Bukan kematian benar yang menusuk kalbu/ Keridlaanmu menerima segala tiba/ Tak kutahu setinggi itu atas debu/ Dan duka maha tuan bertahta

Not really a stabbing death of heart / Keridlaanmu receive all arriving / No I know that high on dust / And grief almighty lord reigns

After the grandmother, the mother was the second woman Chairil puja. He even used to count his father's name, Sincere, in front of the mother, as a sign of the fate of the mother menyebelahi. And in front of his mother, Chairil often lose a wild side. Some poems Chairil also showed his love for his mother.

Since childhood, the spirit of the famous Chairil kedegilannya. A close friend Sjamsul Ridwan, never make a living writing about Anwar when as a child. According to him, one of the properties Chairil in childhood is defeated abstinence, abstinence both lost in a competition, and in getting his heart. Willingness and desire to get that causes his soul is always overflowing, burning, virtually never stands still.

His colleague, Jassin also have memories of this. "We played badminton together, and he lost. But he did not admit defeat, and invites play continues. Eventually I lost. All that kerana we played in front of the girls. "

Women are the world Chairil after book. Carrying the name of Ida, Sri Ayati, Girl Rashid, Mirat, and Roosmeini as the girl who chased Chairil. And all the girl's name even into poetry Chairil. However, the girl Falkirk, Hapsah, Chairil been married.

The marriage was not long-lived. Due to economic hardship, and Chairil lifestyle that has not changed, Hapsah asked for a divorce. When her son was 7 months, Chairil was a widower.

Shortly afterwards, at 15.15 pm, 28 April 1949, Chairil died. There are several versions about the illness. But definitely, chronic tuberculosis and syphilis.

Age Chairil Anwar is short, 27 years.(1922-1949) But short it left a lot of things for the development of Indonesian literature. Instead he became the best example, for the attitude that did not mean it in the art wrestle. It is this attitude that makes her, Evawani Anwar, a notary in Bekasi, to apologize, when the death of his father, in 1999, "I am sorry, because I now live in a world of conflict with Anwar world."

Here is a poem by the famous Anwar titled "AKU"
In Indonesian

AKU

Oleh :
Chairil Anwar

Kalau sampai waktuku
‘Ku mau tak seorang ‘kan merayu
Tidak juga kau
Tak perlu sedu-sedan itu
Aku ini binatang jalan
Dari kumpulannya terbuang
Biar peluru menembus kulitku
Aku tetap meradang menerjang
Luka dan bisa kubawa berlari
Berlari
Hingga hilang pedih peri
Dan aku akan lebih tidak perduli
Aku mau hidup seribu tahun lagi

Pembangoenan,
No. 1, Th. I
10 Desember 1945.

In English

I Am

by:
Anwar

If it comes my time
'I want no one' right to woo
Nor do you
Needless sobs that
I am the beast
Of herd wasted
Let the bullet penetrate my skin
I still inflamed crashing
Luka and I can take running
run
Until lost poignant fairy
And I would not care
I want to live a thousand years

Pembangoenan,
No. 1, Th. I
December 10, 1945

Ref : http://whandi.net/index.php?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=2256
http://galigongli.wordpress.com/category/manuskrips-sastra-indonesia/khairil-anwar/

Kevin Mitnick Biography - Legendary Hacker

2012-12-09T22:41:00.004-08:00

Kevin Mitnick is a young man born in America, August 1963, this young man commonly known as the legendary hacker. ( This Is claim token Technorati 2VT7Q82PT59K) Kevin families are not being so familiar with computers and gain competence in the store RadioShack and the public library where he used to spend time. But the story of Kevin Mitnick was not the beginning of a good story, at the age of 17 years Kevin has begun to feel the cold iron bars due to hacking the computer COSMOS (Computer System mainstrem Operation) owned by Pacific Bell telephone company in Los Angeles, which is the central database of American phone .

The Condor imprisoned not make this [ID used Kevin Mitnick] deterrent. Then in 1983 he was accused of breaking into the security system via terminal ARPANet PENTAGON using the USC campus, and again condor must feel the cold prison walls.

Once free, kevin looking for another life and disappear from the world of hackers. But it did not last long, because in 1987 he once again had to deal with the authorities. He accused the company infiltrated Santa Cruz Organization, the software company engaged in the unix operating system.
In this case, the condor was convicted of unfavorable action and returned to jail for 3 years. After his release, Mitnick repeated habits and dealing with the authorities due to commit burglary and possession of software piracy that Digital Equipment Corporation's VMS Operating System.

In this case Mitnick did not do it himself, he was "duet" with his friend Lenny Cicicco and was sentenced to prison for one year and received the title of lawyer 'addicted to the computer that can not be stopped'.
After his release, Mitnick tried again mejalani normal life and work at one company mailing list in Las Vegas. But while working at the company, the FBI suspected Mitnick ruffled Tel Tec Detective computer system, which is a company where Mitnick work. And finally made the Condor back to The Most Wanted Hacker or number 1 FBI fugitive.

Mitnick had a nomadic life, moving from one city to another, and for being fugitives Mitnick broke into several companies such as Fujitsu, Motorola, Nokia, and Sun Microsystems. In February 1995 Mitnick move stalled by the FBI, all of it due to the FBI's efforts and the help of a hacker who is also a victim of the Condor, which is Tsutomu Shimomura.

Mitnick was caught due to negligence of the storage service account using someone who dibobolnya and services inform the account holder that the account is over quota. Before the arrest, Mitnick was tracking behind the people who were chasing him, but at the same time the FBI a "guest" in the house uninvited fugitive Mitnick.

In addition to FBI Most Wanted, Mitnick was also given the title by The Discovery title of "Hall of Fame of Hackers", because besides being a Software Hacker he is also known as the Hardware Hacker. And also Social Engineering Mitnick has great ability, so he managed to fool his victims. Mitnick 4 years in prison, without the rule of law, without submission to the court, but suddenly in 2000 Mitnick free on parole, the computer holds barred entry.

After 2 years of liberation Mitnick, then he is allowed to use a computer but no internet connection. And a year later after it is in 2003 then allowed to use the internet access for the first time since his imprisonment.
Currently Mitnick had a normal life, he published a book about security and the book was instantly successful release. He also founded the security consulting firm kevinmitnick.com site.

Ref :
http://pdpnara.tripod.com/kevinmitnick.htm
http://derokh.blogspot.com/2008/02/kevin-mitnick-sang-legenda-hacker.html
http://indobestseller.wordpress.com/2009/11/01/biografi-kevin-mitnick-hacker-legendaris/

Matthew Charles Mullenweg Biography - Founder Of Wordpress

2012-12-09T02:51:00.000-08:00

Matthew Charles Mullenweg, known as Matt Mullenweg was born on January 11, 1984, in Houston, Texas - United States. In high school, Matt studied Visual and Performing Arts at the school and he was proficient on saxophone music. Although the study is not in the field of computer technology and programming, but Matt managed to establish and develop the software that is now well known that WordPress.com, Akismet, Automattic and its business.

Early Matt and WordPress

WordPress History began when Matt was 18 years old (in 2002). At the time, Matt was started with the blog b2cafelog blog. He uses blogs b2 (bbpress.org) to publish his photographs during a trip to Washington DC

However, several months later, bbPress blog where Matt stopped publishing his picture in developing software. Because of such conditions, there was some creative thinking from Matt. In January 2003, Matt Mullenweg announced via his blog that he will develop b2 blog that according to web standards at that time.

On their own initiative, with Mike Little Matt started memgembangkan WordPress coding based b2. Later, Mike and Matt with Michel Valdrighi (former developer b2), began to actively develop WordPress to WordPress was born as you know it today. On May 27, 2003, WordPress released version 0.70. Version 0.7 still has the same file structure as its predecessor, b2cafelog.

At the age of 19 years (March 2003), Matt GMPG colleagues established a more complex format than HTML. A year later, launched the facility WordPress Ping-O-Matic which is useful for sending notifications to ping blog search engines like Technorati. And now, Ping-O-Matic has served over 1 million pings per day.

Matt Mullenweg, Student DO (Drop Out)

In 2004, bad luck happened to Matt in the field of formal education. He dropped out and moved aka DO from Houston to San Francisco (California) to work at CNET for a year.

His job at CNET for a year is a period in the company's recent work Matt. Because at the age of 21 years, Matt has been 'early retirement' from the company CNET, and he spends his time working to WordPress. Not long out of retirement, he also managed to launch the application that serves Akismet blocked comments and trackbacks are identified as spam.

In the same year, Matthew decided WordPress is open to the general public worldwide in November 2005. In the same year, Matt Automattic launched the business enterprise that supports WordPress and Akismet.

Youth 22 years of Executive Recruit Yahoo

Matt's entrepreneurial spirit and maturity in developing WordPress and Akismet have exposed their business into a professional business. In 2006 (22 years), young Matt was able to recruit the former CEO of Yahoo! Oddpost and Senior Manager, Tony Schneider as CEO of Automattic. A few months after Tony Schneider was in Automattic, Akismet (the subsidiary), aged less than 2 years managed to earn U.S. $ 1.1 million in April 2006.

Success Matthew Mullenweg

Innovative thinking power and never give up on yourself a Matthew had brought him as a young millionaire. At the age of 25 years, Matthew Mullenweg has managed to become a young billionaire with a fortune of not less than USD 40 million (USD 400 billion).

He was also named the # 16 of "The 50 Most Important People in the World of Internet" by PC World in the year 20 07. From the list of 50 people, only Matt who was the youngest (23 years old).

With its unique facilities, fast and exciting, WordPress managed 'lure' millions of users. With the addition of thousands of bloggers and hundreds of thousands of new posts every day, WordPress made it into the 30 most active sites in the world. After receiving the Gravatar service in 2007, outstanding issues that enterprises established Matt, Automattic, offered up to USD 200 million, but Matt refused to sell it.

Ref : w2w3.blogspot.com/2009/01/biografi-serta-kisah-sukses-pendiri.html

Soe Hok Gie Biography - Litterateur From Indonesian

2012-12-08T15:02:00.001-08:00

Soe Hok Gie is a person of Chinese descent who was born on December 17, 1942 (born in Djakarta, December 17, 1942 - died on Mount Semeru, December 16, 1969 at the age of 26 years). A son of the couple Soe Lie Pit-a novelist-with Nio Hoe An. Soe Hok Gie is the fourth of five children of the family Soe Lie Piet aka Salam Sutrawan, Soe Hok Gie is the younger sister of Soe Hok Djie which is also known as Arief Budiman. Since still in school, and Soe Hok Gie Soe Hok Djin is frequently visited public libraries and some libraries on sidewalks in Jakarta.

Since still in school, and Soe Hok Gie Soe Hok Djin is frequently visited public libraries and some libraries on sidewalks in Jakarta. According to one researcher, since I was elementary school (SD), Soe Hok Gie even read the works of serious literature, such as works of Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Perhaps because his father was also a writer, so do not be surprised if he was so close to the literature.

After graduating from elementary school, the brothers chose different schools, Hok Djin (Arief Budiman) chose to go Canisius, while Soe Hok Gie choose a school in Junior High School (SMP) Strada Gambir area. That said, while sitting on the bench, he was a copy of a collection of short stories Pramoedya: "The story of Blora"-not stories Pram including rare at that time?

At the time of the second grade at the school this menangah, Soe Hok Gie bad achievement. In fact he was required to repeat. But what Soe Hok Gie reaction? He did not want to repeat, he was treated unfairly. Finally, he chose to move the school from having to sit longer in school. A Protestant Christian schools allow him to enter the third grade without repeating.

Following from junior high school, she managed to get into Menengan School (SMA) Canisius literature majors. While his brother, Hok Djin, also went to the same school, but other majors, the natural sciences.

While in high school Soe Hok Gie is an interest in literature more deeply, and at the same time he became interested in the history of science. In addition, awareness berpolitiknya began to rise. From here, the beginning of an exciting journey of recording it; writing is sharp and full of criticism.

There are good things measured during studying in high school, Soe Hok Gie and his brother managed to graduate with high marks. Kemuidan sisters went to the University of Indonesia. Soe Hok Gie choose the faculty of arts majoring in history, while Hok Djin into the psychology faculty.

In the Gie is an activist college student. Many believe the movement Gie major effect on the fall of Sukarno and among the first to criticize sharply the New Order regime.

Gie very disappointed with the attitude of my friends are in the era contemporaries demonstrations in 66 criticize and condemn the government officials then after they pass pro to it and forget the vision and mission of the armed struggle 66. Gie indeed be difficult to oposisif and to compromise with the opposition.

It also co-founded Mapala Gie UI. One important activity is hiking. At 3.442m Slamet led mountain climbing, he cites Walt Whitman in his diary, "Now I see the secret of the making of the best persons. It is to grow in the open air and to eat and sleep with the earth ".

Thoughts and football terjangnya recorded in his diary. His thoughts about humanity, about life, love and death. Gie in 1968 had been to America and Australia, and his favorite LPs Joan Baez seized at Sydney airport for being anti-war and communist. Gie graduated in 1969 and continued to be a lecturer at his alma mater.

Together Mapala UI Gie planning to conquer Mount Semeru in height 3.676m. When Mapala seeking funding, many are asking why climb a mountain and Gie said to his friends:

"We explain what exactly our goal. We say that we are human beings who do not believe in the slogan. Patriotism is not likely to grow out of hypocrisy and slogans. A person can only love something healthy if he knew the object. And love my homeland Indonesia Indonesia can be grown along with familiar people up close. The growth of a healthy soul of the youth should also mean a healthy physical growth. That's why we go up the mountain. "

December 8 before leaving Gie could write a note: "I do not know what happened to me. Once I heard of the death of Kian Fong Arief last Sunday. I also had the feeling to always remember death. I want to chat-chat before saying goodbye to semeru. With Maria, Rina, and also wanted to make an intimate event with Sunarti. I guess this is the effect of the death of Kian Fong is so strange and so fast. "Hok Gie died on Mount Semeru in 1969 just a day before the birthday-27 from inhaling toxic fumes in the mountain. He died along with his partner, Idhan Dhanvantari Lubis. Further notes during the Mount Semeru disappeared along with the death of Gie on top of the mountain.

December 24, 1969 GIE buried in Menteng Pulo, but two days later was transferred to Kober cemetery, Tanah Abang. In 1975 Ali Sadikin unload Kober cemetery that had to be moved again, but the family refused and his friends had remembered that when he died his body should be burned and the ashes spread in the mountain. With these considerations ultimately Gie bones cremated and the ashes scattered on the top of Mount Pangrango.

Some of the quotes are taken from his diary Gie:

"A Greek philosopher once wrote ... best of luck is not born, second born but died young, and the tersial is old age. The feeling is so. Bahagialah those who die young. "

"Life now is really boring me. I feel like an old monkey confined to a zoo and not have to work anymore. I want to feel rough and tough life ... rubbed by a cold wind like a knife, cutting woods or walking and bathing in a small river ... people like us did not deserve to die in bed. "

"The most valuable and essential in life is to be loving, be compassionate heart, grief can be tasted ..."

In addition to records of a Demonstrator, another book written Soe Hok Gie is Transition Period, Under the Red Lantern (which I do not have) and the People Left at the Crossroads Road DR and scientific research. John Maxwell Soe Hok Gie: Intellectual Struggle Against Tyranny Young.

Next year Mira Lesmana and Riri Reza with Miles Productions will launch a movie called "GIE" which will be played by Nicholas Saputra, Sita Nursanti, Wulan Guritno, Lukman Sardi and Thomas Nawilis. Now in its post production stage.

Note a Demonstrator

John Maxwell commented, "Gie just a student with a background that is not too great. But he had the will involved in the movement. He always wanted to know what happened to his people. Though died young, he left many writings. Among the kinds of diaries and articles published in national newspapers "he said. "I interviewed Mira Lesmana (producer GIE) and Riri Reza (director). He came after reading my book. I hope the film will be a success. Because, if that happens, people will be more familiar with Soe Hok Gie, "he said.

Words Soe Hok Gie

The first question we have to answer is: Who am I? I have replied that I was an intellectual who did not pursue power but one who wants to declare the truth. And I am willing to face non-populeran, because there is something bigger: the truth.
As for me politics is the dirtiest item. Mud-dirty mud. But one day where we can not avoid myself again, then plunge.
Teachers who can not stand criticism allowed in the waste basket. Lord and Master is not always right, and the student is not buffalo.
Best of luck is not born, second born but died young, and that is the age old tersial. The feeling is so. Bahagialah those who died young.
I decided that I would stick with my principles. Exiled better than succumb to hypocrisy.
My greatest dream, I want to implement is, for Indonesian students develop into "ordinary human beings". Being young men and women and women who acted as a normal human being, as a man who did not deny the existence of life as a student, as a young man and as a human being.
I want to see students, when if he had a decision that has political meaning, no matter how small, is always based on the principles of the adult. Those who dare to express true as truth, and one as an error. And it does not apply the truth on the basis of religion, community organizations, or any group.
There are still too many students who minded snobs power. Whimpering when pressed, but the oppressive when in power. Concerned groups, organizations, friends and others seideologi. Every year my brothers came out of high school. They will become new victims to be deceived by such a student figures earlier.
World history is the history of extortion. Is without a history of extortion does not exist? Is no sadness, no betrayal, history will not be born?
For me the struggle must remain. Attempt removal of the blindness, to betrayal, to all the non-gala humanist ...
We seem to celebrate democracy, but cut the tongue of people who dare to express their opinion adverse government.
For me TRUTH despite how painful it better than hypocrisy. And we do not have to feel ashamed of their shortcomings.
Cut the legs and insert one's hand in a 2 x 3 feet and give him freedom. This is the freedom of the press in Indonesia.
To be a human is to be destroyed.
I do not want to be a bamboo tree, I want to be a bold oak tree against the wind.
I decided that I would be a demonstration. Because silence is a crime errors.
I'm not an idealist anymore, I'm a bitter realist.
I suppose I could no longer cry the blues. Just anger that makes me tears.
For me there is something that is most precious and essential in life: to love, be compassionate heart, grief can be tasted.
I do not know why, I feel a little melancholy tonight. I see the lights and traffic cones jakarta with new colors. As if everything is translated into a combination of a human face. Everything feels intimate but empty. It's as if I feel myself loose and the shadows are there to be poetic one in the streets. Very strong affection to overwhelm me. I would like to give something in human love, the dogs in the street, on the all-everything.
No more hate on anyone. Any religion, any race and any nation. And forget about the war and hatred. And just busy with the construction of a better world.

Reference :
- http://prasetyaade.blogspot.com/2006/12/presiden-soekarno-presiden-pertama.html

- http://yulian.firdaus.or.id/2004/12/16/soe-hok-gie/
- http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soe_Hok_Gie
- http://dasonly.blogspot.com/2009/05/soe-hok-gie-dalam-kata-kata.html

Slash Biography - Lead Guitarist Velvet Revolver

2012-12-07T04:50:00.001-08:00

Slash Biography - Lead Guitarist Velvet Revolver - Full name Saul Hudson (born July 23, 1965), more commonly known as a stage name Slash, is a guitarist an American-English. Slash is the former lead guitarist of Guns N 'Roses and current Velvet Revolver as a lead guitarist. Slash was born in Hampstead (London), England July 23, 1965 and was raised in Stoke-On-Trent, Staffordshire, England. His mother was a black American father and British Caucasians. Her parents are engaged in the arts.

Slash's mother, Ola Hudsons, is a clothing designer who worked on David Bowie, and his father is an artist who contributed live ensembles for famous musicians including Neil Young and Joni Mitchell.

Since 11 years, Slash moved to LA with her mother and for a year he was still a Immigrants in America. Before long the family was reunited in LA where Slash having a trasisi that much different in the Southern California area. Hence, long hair, jeans and a t-shirt so its flagship although at the time the child is not in accordance with his age As with the new kid in school. Instead she became a very young artist while in his home. He also hung out with my friends most of the master's class artist. Unfortunately, in the 70's bercarai parents and he lived with his grandmother until he was able to understand what is happening in the family. That's when Slash started to explore BMX join up with his club won in one game.

At the age of 15-an his grandmother gave him a guitar that supposedly only stringed one! From there he began to explore Led Zepplelin, Eric Clapton, Rollin Stones, Aeroshmith, Jimi Hendrix, Jeff Beck and Neil Young. For him he considered that his album Rocks Aeroshmith really changed his life. Not to mention a very valuable opportunity for him to play alongside Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Lenny Kravitz, Paul Rogers, Michael Jacson, Brian May, and many more.

THE SCHOOL a mess since he often skipped school and play guitar all day outside. His school was chaotic, but still a profit improved social relationships. The other children mennganggap Slash quite interesting and fun. Reportedly the name 'Slash' is the title of his friends because he was always doing things quickly and move on to something else. Because of that he was called 'SLASH'. Slash also began jamming with a lot of young bands until he dropped out of school when he was grade II. He hoped, waiting for the next level in the band LA. There, he too met with Steve Adler, and formed Road Crew, and then they were both looking for a good singer. Then they were both met with Izzi Stradlin were playing the sound recording W.Axl Rose was feeling fit, plus Duff McKagan who answered the ad "sought basst" Slash him. Then formed Guns N 'Roses. And they fly high.

But the void GN'R did not make it too long staring at the house, but yanpa tired of trying to form a new band Slash and Matt Sorum, Gilby Clarke, Mike INEX, Eric Dover formed SLASH's Snakepit and recorded their debut album It's Five O 'Clock Somewhere. The band rose to continue to live by doing a small tour-tour and played in night clubs. Could also be her first album platinum.

Unfortunately, discussions about the continuation of the band with Axl no point temunya too, because GN'R Slash wanted to maintain a rock band while Axl wants leads tecno music / industrial with GN'R. Waahh .. obviously it will not connect. And finally in October 1996 Slash quit GN'R was Axl plenipotentiary to the ownership of GN'R. But Slash had said that he would be willing the band together again original GN'R remained rock music. Apart from GN 'R, Slash deep formation in SLASH's Blues Ball who played in the club more around the California area.

Then back on again SLASH Slash's Snakepit to release his Is not Life Grand. Unlike the initial formation, this time the snake cage conceptualized and well planned in terms of quality, personnel and future plans. Third album reportedly still in the recording process.

Reference :

- http://slashmania28.blogspot.com/2009/01/biografi-slash.html
- http://eno-blogs.blogspot.com/2009/01/biografi-slash.html

Alfred Bernhard Nobel Biography - Inventor Dynamite And Founder Nobel

2012-12-05T16:45:00.004-08:00

Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 from the couple Immanuel Nobel and Andriette Ahlsell. The father is an engineer and a businessman in the construction field who also likes to experiment, especially in terms of the destruction of buildings and the stone that is highly associated with the profession. Later, the business line pushes Alfred Nobel invented dynamite as an explosive.

When Alfred was born, Immanuel business through adversity. This prompted him to move to another country, namely Finland and Russia. His family was left in Stockholm. Despite coming from a wealthy family, Andriette has tenacity and ability to work hard are awesome. In order to connect his family, he opened a grocery store in Stockholm and reap no small treasure.

In 1842 Immanuel Nobel family reunited in Russia. Immanuel's new business, the field of machinery on the rise and success because of the contract with the Russian military as a provider of equipment used in the Crimean War against England. The company also makes landmines and sea needed for the Russian government.

Nobel family settled in Saint Petersburg and the simple life although actually be dabbling in luxury. Immanuel wealth invested in their children's education. Alfred and all his brothers did not undergo formal education in schools. They were educated privately at home under the instruction of teachers who are competent in their respective fields.

The results of such education is very visible within Alfred. Under the guidance of a Swedish teacher, Lars Santesson, he finally has a deep interest in literature and philosophy. Ivan Peterov Immanuel teach children math, physics, and chemistry. All children Immanuel fluent in Swedish, Russian, Russia, France, Britain, and Germany. Alfred himself to master the language at the age of 17.

Although the base received the same education, Alfred chose a different path with his brothers. Ludvig and Robert dabbling in the field of engineering, while Alfred chose to explore the science of chemistry. Professor Nikolai N. Zinin, the chemistry teacher, was the one who introduced Alfred and Immanuel will nitroglycerin at a later date.

Study chemical engineering

Alfred Nobel was very interested in youth literature, physics, and chemistry. He also classified as personal melancholy love writing poetry. After his death, he recorded a personal library consisting of 1,500 books ranging from science, philosophy, to theology and history. The works of Lord Byron, poet from England, he is love.

Philosophy helped fill his youth. Just because you want to test the language skills (and of course the intellectual as well), Alfred Nobel translation of Voltaire from French to Swedish and re-writing it in French. Locke, Alexander von Humboldt, and Benedict Spinoza was dilahapnya easily.

Apparently, Immanuel disagree with Alfred craze. He hoped that Alfred joined the family firm, especially as an engineer. Immanuel effort to divert attention from the literary world realized Alfred by Alfred sending abroad. Immanuel wanted his son was a quiet and introverted little that explore the science of chemical engineering and open minded.

Alfred began crossed the globe since 1850 until 1852. The first country he visited the United States. There he studied the latest technology. His education was continued in Paris, France. Professor T.J. Pelouze accept to work in his private laboratory on the recommendations given by Professor Zinin, a former chemistry teacher.

Zinin himself was a pupil of Pelouze. Pelouze is a professor at the Collge de France and also a close friend of Berzelius, Swedish chemist.

What happened in Paris was long tails on the business of Alfred Nobel later. The town also makes a chemist Alfred acquainted with young students who come from Italy Pelouze, Ascanio Sobrero. Sobrero three years earlier, in 1847, discovered a liquid chemical called with pyroglicerine (now called the nitroglycerin). He explains to Alfred, this material has a high explosive power, but he does not know how to control the resulting explosion.

Nitroglycerin produced from mixing glycerin with nitric and sulfuric acid or glycerol nitration process. This material is dangerous because it is explosive. Despite the damage, and it has exceeded gunpowder (Gunpowder), but these can easily explode if subjected to pressure and temperature increase. Alfred Nobel was interested to find out more about nitroglycerin and wants to involve its use in the construction business.

Insolvent

In 1852 Immanuel Nobel business progressed very rapidly along with the increasing severity of the Crimean War. Orders Russian Government will increase armaments. Immanuel also sent Alfred to return to Russia to help the family business.

Based on the knowledge gained during in Paris, Alfred and his father conducted a series of experiments to produce large quantities of nitroglycerin, and can be used in commercial purposes.

The idea would be research on nitroglycerin also came from Professor Zinin who held a demonstration for the use of nitroglycerin for military purposes. In the demonstration, Zinin pour a few drops of nitroglycerin explosion then hit hard. Even so, it is a liquid that reacts in contact with the pressure, the rest remains.

Immanuel also tried to involve him in the Crimean War, but all failed and does not work. According to Alfred at a later date, his experiments were done by mixing nitroglycerin with gunpowder only done on a small scale.

Crimean War was finally over after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on March 30, 1856. These events resulted in a second bankruptcy for Immanuel and forced him to leave Russia and return to Sweden. Robert and Ludvig settled in Russia and develop a business machine that would later establish the Russian oil company called Brothers Nobel or Branobel.

"Kieselguhr"

Approximately in 1860, Alfred held a series of personal experiments. Eventually he began successfully producing nitroglycerine without any significant problems. Its success is its first advantage over Sobrero.

Alfred then mixing nitroglycerin with gunpowder and burning with the help of axes. The father who performed a similar experiment is quite grim. He considered, it was her idea. Alfred also explained what he was doing, so that Immanuel anger subsided. The work of Alfred Nobel will be called by blasting liquid oil is also contained in the patent in October 1863, at the age of 30.
After that, the shadows of success Alferd Nobel began to appear gradually. In the spring and the following summer, she returned the research and finally find out the mechanism of nitroglycerin production simpler and introduce the use of detonators in blasting. Both of these patented inventions eventually anyway.

Although classified as melancholic, Alfred Nobel was not a slow recovery from grief. In September 1864, Alfred plant in Stockholm exploded and claimed his brother, Emil Nobel. One month later, he included the company in the stock market.

Great success was achieved. Plant became more scattered throughout the world. He bought a plot of land in Hamburg, Germany, and established a factory there. Plant in the United States was built in 1866 after a fight bureaucratic barriers and business practices are similar.

The success did not deter the attention of Alfred the field very digemarinya, which is researching. He finally learned, nitroglycerin can be absorbed by a porous material that has a shape that are portable, can be carried anywhere, and safe.

When living in Germany, he finally found the material. This material is known as Kieselguhr, which is made from silica sand pengabsorb derived from the shells of algae diatomae. Kieselguhr make nitroglycerin has the form, being able mengabsorb liquid chemicals. Thus, the mixture can be easily put on and taken to blasting targets anywhere without fear of explosion.

This is where the dynamite came from. Dynamite is derived from the Greek word dynamis, meaning power or energy. In 1867, also a time of prosperity for Alfred Nobel patents dynamite for approval in various countries such as Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Dynamite himself discovered during pneumatic jackhammers and diamonds are used for the same purposes. It is not surprising that the involvement of dynamite greatly reduces the time, effort, and costs in construction projects.

Alfred Nobel in 1868 and awarded him Letterstedt Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The award is given to anyone who produces a valuable discovery for mankind. The idea also comes from the Nobel award received by Alfred Nobel in Sweden.

Tough business and he frequently traveled abroad, leaving only a little time for his personal life. At the age of 43 he was feeling lonely. This led him to make friends at home and also private secretary by advertising in newspapers. Applicants came. But the choice finally fell on the Countess Bertha Kinsky, an Austrian noblewoman.

His introduction to the Countess did not last long because the Countess Bertha Kinsky should marry Count Arthur von Suttner. Nevertheless, they keep in touch through letters. Bertha von Suttner was not a vain woman. He was quite a thinker and world peace activist who later produced a book titled "Lay Down Your Arms". Many people who do not doubt the influence of Bertha von Suttner in shaping the idea of Alfred Nobel to give their wealth in the form of prizes to those who strongly support world peace. Bertha von Suttner himself received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905.

Excess Alfred Nobel who really stood out was his ability to combine style ala deep thinking philosopher and scientist with a far-sighted vision and a dynamic that often owned by an industrialist. He is also interested in social issues and was often cast thoughts belonging to radical for its time. Literature and poetry writing as well they do.

Riches and the absence of offspring make him confused about to be given to whom the property has. On 27 November 1895 he wrote his will in the presence of the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris. In 1891 in moved from Paris to San Remo, Italy where he died of a cerebral hemorrhage on December 10, 1896. He produced 355 patents during his lifetime. ***

Farid Solana,

Students of the Department of Chemical Engineering FTI ITB

Ref : http://klipingut.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/alfred-bernhard-nobel-1833-1896penggemar-filsafat-yang-kreatif-dan-suka-puisi/

Charles Francis Richter Biography - Inventor of Richter Scale

2012-12-03T22:50:00.004-08:00

Charles Francis Richter Biography

His full name Charles Francis Richter. Born on a farm in Ohio, USA, on 26 April 1900. At a relatively young age, 16 years old, he moved with his mother to Los Angeles, California. In this city seismological Richter was educated at the University of Southern California (1916-1917). After that, he moved to Stanford University to study theoretical physics and graduated in 1920. In his first alma mater, in 1927 he worked in the seismology laboratory in Pasadena, California. A year later he married Lilian Brand.

In 1928, Richter holds a doctorate from the University of California Institute of Technology (Caltech). At this university Richter achieved fame. At Caltech also, with Beno Guetenburg, in 1935 Richter developed a way to measure the size of the earthquake, which is what became known as the Richter scale. That is based on the amplitude magnitude earthquake is recorded by means of Wood-Anderson seismometer type at a certain distance from the earthquake source. In principle, the magnitude of the earthquake magnitude is proportional to the amplitude and inversely proportional to the distance to the earthquake source tools.

Elaborate on the Richter scale earthquake strength with numbers in the range between 0-9. That is, the number 9, as happened in the earthquake that caused the tsunami in Aceh on December 26, 2004, is the highest and rare.

Although at first, in the 1930s, the unprecedented magnitude earthquake greater than magnitude 8.9, the scale is still used. Figures obtained by measuring the magnitude of earthquakes greatest amplitude in microns (10-6 m = 10 to the power minus six) on the seismograms. Designed with a standard seismograph distance as far as 100 km from the epicenter. From there it gained logarithm earthquake.

In addition to making the scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake, Richter also wrote textbooks for seismic. Among others Elementary seismology (195 8) and the seismicity of the Earth (1954) is written with colleague, Beno Gutenberg. Together Frank Presso, Beno Gutenburg, and Hugo Benioff-three scientists and seismologists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), United States-Richter is known as the Father of Seismology (The Fathers of seismology).

Richter claimed that he developed a scale obtained by accident while working on the task for theoretical physics PhD under Dr. Robert Millikan. "He (Millikan) offered me to work in the laboratory under seismic Harry Wood," he said. Eventually that's where he got the data that maketh the determination of the legendary Richter scale. At first, the Richter scale used to measure the relative strength of an earthquake in California. Today, the scale of it (in a modified form) are used to measure earthquakes around the world.

Charles Francis Richter

Richter was not the first to make a determination of the magnitude scale earthquake forces. Previously existing Giuseppe Mercalli, an Italian scientist, who studies volcanoes and created Mercalli scale. On the Mercalli scale, the earthquake intensity is measured with a scale consisting of 12 points. Mercalli scale measures an earthquake of reports of people who see the damage and interviewed survivors. Therefore, the Mercalli scale is very subjective and not as accurate as the Richter scale so as to measure the strength of the quake until now still used on the Richter scale. Since the 1960's also introduced moment magnitude scale is more accurate.

Long before Richter was born, a prototype scale earthquake damage scale 10 levels, have been developed and the Rossi Forel 1883. After that, in 1897 came the Mercalli scale when it is still using the same scale as Rossi and Forel, 10 levels. Cancani in 1904 further develop longer range of the scale to 12 points. After that, Sieberg went on to analyze the effects and descriptions of building damage and make it accepted as an international scheme in 1917. Since then, the scale is called scale-cancani Mercalli-Sieberg and used worldwide. However, since 1964, the experts use more Mercalli scale that has been updated.

Scale also made the Japanese earthquake. Because the position and geological conditions, the country is often hit by earthquake damage. No wonder then if the Japanese earthquake experts creatively creates its own earthquake scale, which is different from the earthquake Mercalli scale. In 1900 appeared Omori scale that measures the strength of the earthquake at seven levels of damage. However, the scale is then modified to only six levels alone. Omori scale measuring earthquakes based on the level of damage. Score one for measuring earthquake obvious, but not dangerous. While the figure of six to measure the destructive earthquake.

Richter died in Pasadena, California, USA, on 30 September 1985. Although gone, the name and services will remain distinct people. As a token of appreciation to the researchers in the field of kegempabumian, starting in 2005 were awarded in the form of Richter Award. Dr. Emily Brodsky of the University of California, Los Angeles, was chosen as the first recipient of the Richter Award. Emily ceremony to be performed in an annual meeting in 2006. The committee chose Emily on the consideration that his research on how earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides occurred, is considered very innovative and prominent. (Syarifah / from various sources) ***

Ref : http://klipingut.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/charles-francis-richter-1900-1985-tak-sengaja-temukan-skala-richter/

Louis Braille Biography - Inventor Of Braille Code

2012-12-03T22:38:00.002-08:00

Louis Braille

Louis Braille was born on January 4, 1809 at Coupvray, a small town near Paris, France. He lives with his father, Simon Rene Braille and his mother, Monique, in a modest house. His father was a shoemaker and leather gear that worked in the workshop of his own. Little Louis love playing in his father's workshop. At the age of 4 years, while fun to play working tools of his father, he had an accident. Jara, a sharp tool to puncture the skin, accidentally injuring an eye.

Infection in the injured eye in quickly spread to the other eye and cause blindness in both eyes.

Although I could not see, little Louis managed to show a strong willingness to learn. Parents Louis with local school teachers saw great potential in him. Therefore, when entering school age, he was allowed to attend the class - with her friends who berpenglihatan normal - by relying on the sense of hearing. Apparently, he could follow the lessons well. The only obstacle, he can not read and write except to the extent the lesson to listen to what the teacher orally.

At age 10, he obtained a scholarship to study at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris, a special educational institution for blind children. There, he learned to read letters embossed on paper by merabanya. At this school there are also several books with embossed system provided by the school's founder, Valentin Haüy. These books contain large letters embossed on each page. Due to the size of the letters are large, the size of the book was fairly large, so the price is very expensive. School only has 14 books such as this.

Young Louis patiently managed to "gobble up" all the books in the school library. Louis Braille can feel each embossed lettering on the books, but it is quite time-consuming to read and understand every sentence. It takes a few seconds to identify a word and when it has reached the end of a sentence, he often forgot what he had read at the beginning of the sentence. Louis believes there must be an easier way so that the blind can read quickly and easily as one can see.

One day in 1821, a French army captain, Charles Barbier, visiting schools Louis. Barbier presented his findings, called night writing (writing the night), a code that allows forces to share secret information on the battlefield without having to speak or turn on the flashlight to read it. This code consists of 12 raised dots that can be combined to represent letters and can be felt by the fingertips.

Unfortunately, the code is too complex for the majority of his troops that formally rejected for use in his unit, but not for 12-year-old blind student, Louis Braille. Young Louis soon realized how the point system arises it will be very useful if he manages to simplify it. After the visit Barbier, he seriously experimented with generating systems raised different points. In three years, at age 15, he eventually managed to build an ideal system now called wide, using a 6 cell based point and normal spelling.

Code braille

Each Braille character or cell consisting of six dot positions arranged in two columns, each containing three point positions so as to form a rectangle. One or more points may result in one or more of the six positions that point to represent letters of the alphabet, punctuation, or a certain number. Louis Braille find 63 combinations arise that might point arrangement. Did he stop there?

No. He even continued to develop this system in the following years and successfully added symbols for math and music. In 1829, Louis Braille published the Method of Writing Words, Music and Plain Song by Means of Dots, for Use by the Blind and Arranged by Them, the first braille book ever published in the world. The blind read Braille by moving their fingertips over the raised dots that. They can write on a wide range of paper over a 6 key called braillewriter (braille writer) using stytus, such devices without ink pens pointy edges.

Finally, Louis Braille became a teacher at the school where he was once a pupil, Royal Institusion for Blind Youth. He was a teacher who liked and respected his students. But unfortunately, he did not get to see a read-write system findings are used widely throughout the world. On January 6, 1852, at age 43, he died of tuberculosis.

At first, people did not think that the braille code is something useful for the visually impaired. Many people who suspect braille system was going to die as the inventor. Thankful there are few people realize the importance of the discovery of Louis Braille. In 1868, Dr. Thomas Armitage led a group of visually impaired people - consisting of four people - set up institutions to develop and disseminate the findings of Louis Braille system. This small group continues to grow and evolve into the Royal National Institute of the Blind (RNIB), now known as the largest publisher of books range in Europe. Louis Braille brilliant inventions have changed the world of reading and writing for the blind forever. Now, the braille code has been adapted into nearly every written language in the world. Louis has proven that with a strong motivation, we can do things that previously did not make sense. ***

Geri Achmadi
Books Editor, Alumni Faculty Unpad

Ref : http://klipingut.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/louis-braille-1809%E2%80%931852/

Edwin Howard Armstrong Biography - Inventor Of Radio Waves

2012-12-03T04:30:00.001-08:00

Armstrong was born on December 18, 1890 in New York City, United States (U.S.). Ingenuity and tenacity have appeared since childhood. In fact, when he was only stepping 14 years, he has been aspiring to become an inventor. As a teenager, he started trying to be a service person household appliances cordless (wireless), and while in high school, he began a trial by making the antenna mast in front of his house to study wireless technology at that time often experienced interference. He was quickly able to understand the problems in the communication device.

He can also find weaknesses transmission signal at the receiving end of the communication. In fact, there is no other way to strengthen the power at the sending end.

To develop knowledge on the issue of communication wave, after graduating high school, Armstrong entered Columbia University majoring in engineering. At the university that he continued his research in the field of wireless. In the third year at Columbia University, Armstrong introduced the findings, such as the first radio wave amplifier (radio amplifier). Radio itself is already discovered first by Lee De Forest Audion tube using a tube called Lee De Forest. However, the radiated wave is still too weak.

Armstrong learned how the tubes Lee DeForest and then redesign by taking the electromagnetic waves coming from a radio transmission and quickly signaled back through the tube. Just for a moment, the signal strength will increase as much as 20,000 times per second. This phenomenon is by Armstrong called "regeneration radio", which is an important finding and needs to be there when the radio first. With this development, the radio technician does not require a 20 ton generator again to their radio station airs. Single circuit design becomes the key findings Armstrong continuity wave transmitter is the core radio operations. And he graduated bachelor of engineering in 1913. Upon these findings, Armstrong patented his creation and give the license to the Marconi Corporation in 1914.

Six years later, Westinghouse bought the patent rights Armstrong superheterodyne receiver, and start their work became the first radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh named. Begin radios became very popular at the time, ranging from entertainment to breaking news, nothing to wear radio services. After that, kept popping up more radio waves. RCA (the Radio Corporation of America) promptly purchase all radio patents as well as other radio come buy.

After World War I ended, Armstrong returned to Columbia University and worked as a professor at the university. In 1923 he married Marion MacInnes, secretary of the president of RCA, David Sarnoff. In that decade, he was involved in the battle to control the company's radio patents. This continued until the early 1930s, and Armstrong lost in court. However, he continued to research to solve the problem of radio statistics. He concluded, there is only one solution that has stolen his work can be appreciated, which is designing a completely new system.

Study after study continues to do to further refine his radio voice. In 1933 Armstrong introduces radio system FM (frequency modulation), which gives crystal clear reception even though there was a storm and offers high sound accuracy not previously exist. The system also provides a single wave with two radio programs with a single haul. The development is called multiplexing.

Regarding the difference between AM and FM waves, can be explained as follows. Voice signals can not be directly emitted as sound signals instead of electromagnetic waves. If the voice signal is converted into electromagnetic waves though, how long the antenna is needed. To be able to transmit voice signals more easily, the sound signal is superimposed on the first radio signals with a frequency higher than the voice signal. Method for laying sound signal on a radio signal is called modulation. Modulation radios are often used amplitude modulation (AM - amplitude modulation) and frequency modulation (FM - frequency modulation)

The main diff between an AM to FM is a way to modulate his voice. FM wave has an additional range of 455 KHz plus. So, if there frekeensi 88.00 FM radio, he actually used the frequency 88.00 MHz + 455 KHz. Why is there an additional 455 KHz? Well, that FM waves modulate digital sound. Thus, the audio sound waves digitally chopped corresponding audio frequency (ear thresholds between 6 Hz - 20 KHz). After digitally chopped (optional 455 KHz was, as digital audio buffer), digital signal TSB. on-mix with radio waves (carrier) frequency 88.0 MHz were before, and then thrown into the air. Important this part of the system is the FM transmitter antenna, transmission line, and the transmitter itself.

To introduce his findings to the world, in 1940, Armstrong received permission to establish the first FM radio station established in Alpine, New Jersey. Thanks to these findings, in 1941, the Franklin Institute has honored Armstrong Franklin medal form, which is one of the highest honors the scientific community. Defeat in dispute for years with companies that have made use of the copyright, does not affect the provision of the Franklin medal.

Unfortunately, Armstrong had to end his life with tragic way. The inventor of FM radio waves are found committed suicide in 1954. His wife, Marion MacInnes, who became heir to the findings of Armstrong continued her struggle fought in court and won millions of dollars. Top sound clarity produced in the early '60s, FM channel radio system dominates, and even used for communications between Earth and outer space by the U.S. National Space Agency, NASA. (Desy Natalia / multiple sources) ***
Edwin Howard Armstrong Biography - Inventor Of Radio Waves

Ref : http://klipingut.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/edwin-howard-armstrong-1890-1954-penemu-gelombang-radio-fm/

Daniel Radcliffe Biography - He Is Harry Potter

2012-12-02T15:10:00.000-08:00

Daniel Jacob Radcliffe's full name or Daniel Radcliffe was born in Fulham, England, July 23, 1989 (22 Years), a son of Alan Radcliffe and Marcia Gersham. won the award for best actor from 2003 to 2006. His career began when he became a star in the David Copperfield TV series in 1999, then he served as Mark Pendel in the film THE TAILOR OF PANAMA. From this daniel career was soaring, so he ogled by Chris Columbus who ultimately makes the owner's full name Daniel Jacob Radcliffe was a Leading Role as Harry Potter in the first film titled HARRY POTTER AND THE Philosopher's Stone.

When he was at the age of 11 when she played the role of harry potter. Currently daniel has starred in 5 movies harry potter including Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secret, Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . Until last harry potter movie series which will be portraying Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Daniel was such a young billionaire at the time, how could you not, from his role in the film harry potter daniel once the richest teenager in England, and he was able to buy a home that costs up to billions of dollars.

Once this name was well known as a popular teenager not only in Britain but around the world alone. The character of Harry Potter himself he felt very much like the character himself. He played in the film Harry Potter together with two other colleagues who named Rupert Grint who plays Ron Weasley and Emma Watson who plays Hermione Granger. Since he played in the film enthusiasts flocking straight into Harry Potter fanatic, especially women.

His income from playing in the series Harry Potter makes it the richest teenager in Britain. At Play At Harry Potter And The Socrer's Stone (Sorcerer's Stone) he is making money of £ 250,000, and in the series Harry Potter And The Goblet of Fire (Goblet of Fire) he won around £ 5.6 million, in the Harry Potter series And The Order Of Phoenix He reached around £ 8juta.

Biography / Profiles Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter)
Full Name: Daniel Jacob Raddiffe
Nickname: Daniel Raddiffe
TTL: Fullham, London, England, Uk, July 23, 1989
Height: 5 '6 "
My father's name: Alan George Radcliffe
Mother's Name: Marcia Gresham Radcliffe
Citizenship: United Kingdom
Hair Color: Dark Brown
Eye Color: Blue
Latest Education: Sussex house school london, city of london school

Harry potter and the deathly hallows

FILM DANIEL RADCLIFFE
The Tailor Of Panama (2001)
Harry potter and the philosopher’s stone (2001)
Harry potter and the chamber of secrets (2002)
Harry potter and the prisoner of azkaban (2004)
Harry potter and the goblet of fire (2005)
Harry potter and the order of the phoenix (2007)
December boys (2007)
Harry potter and the half – blood prince (2009)
Harry potter and the deathly hallows : Part 1 (2010)
Harry potter and the deathly hallows : Part 2 (2010)
The journey is the destination (2011)
The woman in black (2011)
All quiet on the western front (2012)

PROGRAM TV DANIEL RADCLIFFE
1999: David Copperfield
2005: Foley and McColl
2006: Extras
2007: My Boy Jack
2010: The Simpsons as Edmund, in a Treehouse of Horror segment

ACHIEVEMENT AND AWARDS Daniel Radcliffe
As Nomination
2010
Best Male Performance (MTV Movie Awards)
Global Superstar (MTV Movie Awards)
2009
Outstanding Actor in a Play (Drama Desk Awards)
Distinguished Performance Award (Drama League Awards)
2008
Best Kiss (with Katie Leung; MTV Movie Awards)
Best Performance by a Young Actor (Saturn Awards)
Best Actor (Empire Award)
2006
Best Young Actor (Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards)
Actor of the Year (AOL Moviefone Moviegoer Awards)
Best Performance by a Young Actor (Saturn Awards)
Best Hero (MTV Movie Awards)
Best On-Screen Team (with Emma Watson and Rupert Grint; MTV Movie Awards)
2005
Best Performance by a Young Actor (Saturn Awards)
Best Young Actor (Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards)
2003
Best Performance by a Young Actor (Saturn Awards)
Best Acting Ensemble (Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards)
Most Unforgettable Scene (for the scene "Harry battles the Basilisk" in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets; American Moviegoer Awards)
2001
Best Performance by a Young Actor (Saturn Awards)
Best Young Performer (Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards)
Breakthrough Male Performance (MTV Movie Awards)
Best Newcomer (Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards)
Best Debut (with Emma Watson and Rupert Grint; Sony Ericsson Empire Awards)
Outstanding Actor (American Moviegoer Awards)
Best Performance in a Feature Film: Leading Young Actor (Young Artist Awards)
Best Ensemble in a Feature Film (with Emma Watson and Rupert Grint; Young Artist Awards)

As a winner
2009
Favorite Leading Actor in a Broadway Play (Broadway.com Audience Award)
Favorite Breakthrough Performance (Broadway.com Audience Award)
2008
Dewynters London Newcomer of the Year (Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers' Choice Awards, UK)
2007
Best Male Performance (National Movie Awards, UK)
2006
Best Actor (Cine Awards, Belgium)
Best Male Film Star (Gold): Otto Awards, 2006
Best Actor / Movie (SyFy Portal's SyFy Genre Awards)
2005
Best Young Actor (SyFy Portal's SyFy Genre Awards)
2004
Top 10 Child Stars (RTL Television, Germany)
Best Breakthrough Male Actor (Star Channel Star Awards, Japan)
Best Junior Achiever (for viewers' favorite under-16 guest on the show Relly Awards)
Young Talent of the Year (ITV Celebrity Awards)
Best Movie Actor (K-Zone Kids Awards, Philippines)
Best Movie Star / Actor (Dutch Kids Choice Awards)
2003
Best Young Actor (SyFy Portal's SyFy Genre Awards)
Best Actor (Roadshow Cinema Grand Prix Awards, Japan)
2002
Person of the Year (Time For Kids)
Targa d'Oro ("Gold Plate", David di Donatello Awards)
Outstanding New Talent (Sir James Carreras Award for the Variety Club Showbusiness Awards)
2001
Male Youth Discovery of the Year (Hollywood Women's Press Club)

Reference:

- http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Radcliffe
- http://profilseleb.blogspot.com/2010/08/daniel-radcliffe-profil.html
- http://rey-carishma.blogspot.com/2008/04/biografi.html
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Complete set of Famous People Biography www.biographyzone.blogspot.com
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James Bond History - Biography Of James Bond

2012-12-02T15:05:00.004-08:00

James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. There have been six other authors who wrote authorized Bond novels or novelizations after Fleming's death in 1964: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks and Jeffery Deaver, a new novel written by William Boyd, is planned for in 2013. In addition, Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny.
The fictional British Secret Service agent has also been adapted for television, radio, comic and video game formats, besides being used in the longest running continuously and the franchise's second highest grossing film to date, which began in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. From 2012, there have been movies twenty-three Eon Productions series. The latest Bond film, Skyfall, starring Daniel Craig in his third Bond role: it is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also been two independent productions of James Bond films, Casino Royale, a parody of 1967, and Never Say Never Again, a remake of an earlier film 1983 Eon-produced, Thunderball.

The films are famous for a number of features, including the musical, with songs for films having collected Oscar nominations on several occasions. Other important elements that run through most of the films include Bond cars, weapons and gadgets that came with by Section Creation and inspiration
Main articles: James Bond (character) and Inspirations for James Bond
As the central figure of his works, Ian Fleming created the fictional character of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by its code number 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander.

Name

Fleming took the name for his character of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive guide to the Birds of the West Indies field; Fleming, an amateur birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond guide and explained below. ornithologist's wife that "It struck me that this name brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine was just what I needed, and thus was born one second James Bond" He further explained that:

When I wrote the first in 1953, wanted to be a Bond boring, uninteresting man to whom things happened, and I wanted it to be a blunt ... when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, (James Bond) is the name most boring I've ever heard.
Ian Fleming, The New Yorker, April 21, 1962
On another occasion Fleming said: "I wanted the simplest, dullest, simplest sounding name I could find was' James Bond 'much better than something more interesting, like' Peregrine Carruthers Exotic things would happen to him and his around but. would be a neutral figure, an instrument anonymous, blunt in the hands of a government department ".

Inspiration

Fleming based his fictional creation of a number of individuals who met while in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "is a compound of all the secret agents and the types of commands that I met during the war ". These guys were his brother, Peter, who had been involved in operations behind the lines in Norway and Greece during the war. In addition to Fleming's brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bond up, including Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill "Biffy" Dunderdale.

Tastes

Fleming Bond also endowed with many of its own features, including sharing the same golf handicap, a taste for scrambled eggs and use the same brand of toiletries. Bond tastes are also often taken as was Fleming's own behavior, with Bond's love of golf and the game itself reflecting Fleming. Fleming used his experiences of his espionage career and all other aspects of his life as inspiration for writing, including the use of names of school friends, acquaintances, relatives and lovers through their books.
It seems

View Hoagy Carmichael-Fleming James Bond.
Fleming decided Bond should look a little like both singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself and in Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd remarks, "Bond reminds me rather of Hoagy Carmichael, but there is something cold and ruthless." Likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is "certainly good-looking ... something like Hoagy Carmichael in a way. That black hair falling over his right eyebrow. Much the same bones. But there was a bit cruel in the mouth and the eyes were cold. "

Background

It was not until the penultimate novel, You Only Live Twice, that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family history. The book was the first to be written after the release of Dr. No in cinemas and Sean Connery's portrayal of Bond affected Fleming interpretation of the character, to give Bond both a sense of humor and Scottish history that were not present in the previous stories. In an obituary of fiction, supposedly published in The Times, Bond's parents were given as Andrew Bond, from village of Glencoe, Scotland and Monique Delacroix, of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Fleming Bond gave no date of birth, but John Pearson fictional biography of Bond, James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007, Bond gives a birth date on 11 November 1920, while a study by John Griswold puts the date November 11, 1921Q.

James Bond In Film

The James Bond film series is a British series of spy films based on the fictional MI6 agent James Bond, "007", which originally appeared in a series of books by Ian Fleming. It is one of the longest continually running film series in history, having been in ongoing production from 1962 to present (with a six-year hiatus between 1989 and 1995). At that time Eon Productions has produced 23 films, usually produced at Pinewood Studios. The series has grossed just over U.S. $ 5 million to date, making it the second film series Top Grossing (behind Harry Potter), and the most successful single adjusted for inflation Six players have filed 007 in the Eon series.

Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman co-produced most of Eon films until 1975, when he became the sole producer broccoli. The only exception was during this period of Thunderball, where Broccoli and Saltzman became executive producers, while Kevin McClory produced. Broccoli Between 1984 and 1989 was accompanied by his stepson Michael G. Wilson as a producer until 1995, when Albert Broccoli stepped aside Eon and was replaced by his daughter Barbara, who has co-produced with Wilson since. Broccoli (and until 1975, Saltzman) family company, Danjaq, has held ownership of the series through Eon, and maintained co-ownership with United Artists since the mid 1970s. The series has seen continuity Eon both main actors, but also the production equipment, with directors, writers, composers and production designers, among others, to be employed through a series of movies.

Since the release of Dr. No (1962) for For Your Eyes Only (1981) films are distributed solely by United Artists. When Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought United Artists in 1981, MGM / UA Entertainment Co. was formed and distributed the films until 1995. MGM solely distributed three films from 1997 to 2002 after United Artists retired as a general survey. From 2006 to present MGM and Columbia Pictures have co-distribute the film series, following 2005 acquisition of MGM by a consortium led by Columbia's parent company, Sony Pictures Entertainment. In November 2010, MGM filed for bankruptcy after its emergence from bankruptcy, Colombia has been co-production partner with Danjaq series.

Regardless of the Eon series, there have been three additional productions with the character of James Bond: an adaptation of the 1954 American television, produced by CBS Casino Royale, a 1967 spoof, Casino Royale, produced by Charles K. Feldman, and a remake of Thunderball titled 1983 Never Say Never Again produced by Jack Schwartzman, who had obtained the rights to the film of Kevin McClory.

Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman (1962—64)

Dr. No (1962)

From Russia with Love (1963)

Goldfinger (1964)

Kevin McClory (1965)

Thunderball (1965)

Albert R Broccoli and Harry Saltzman (1967—75)

On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)

Diamonds Are Forever (1971)

Live and Let Die (1973)

The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)

Albert R. Broccoli (1975—84)

The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)

Moonraker (1979)

For Your Eyes Only (1981)

Octopussy (1983)

Albert R Broccoli and Michael G. Wilson (1984—89)

A View to a Kill (1985)

The Living Daylights (1987)

Licence to Kill (1989)

Michael Wilson and Barbara Broccoli (1990—present)

GoldenEye (1995)

Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)

The World Is Not Enough (1999)

Die Another Day (2002)

Casino Royale (2006)

Quantum of Solace (2008)

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bond

Adam Osborne Biography - Who Founded Several Companies In Elsewhere.

2012-12-01T02:53:00.004-08:00

Adam Osborne (6 March 1939-18 March 2003) was a Thailand-born British-American author, book and software publisher and designer team who founded several companies in the United States and other countries.

Adam Osborne was one of the important and influential role in the early history of the manufacture of personal computers (PC). She was born in Thailand in 1939, and spent her childhood in Tamil Nadu, South India, with both parents are British. He moved to England at the age of 11 years. In 1961 he graduated from the University of Birmingham, UK, as a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering. After that, he moved to the United States and completed his education at the University of Delaware and earned a doctorate in chemical engineering. Later, he worked at a mining company Shell Oil.

Like most people who are always thinking creatively, Osborne felt uncomfortable in living life as an employee at a large corporation. He did not stay long in Shell and resigned from the company. He then realized that he really enjoys his new job as a guidebook writer, especially about the book that will guide the development of a new computer. In the early 1970s, he got his new job as the author of a manual for Intel's new microprocessor computer company.

Osborne continued job loss as a writer and in 1972 tried to establish Osborne and Associates, a company engaged in the field of writing computer manuals are simple, straightforward, and easy to read for computer enthusiasts. He also wrote a book entitled "The Value of Power", which later changed its title to "An Introduction to Microcomputers". He tried to offer his book to a publisher who was in town. However, unfortunately, the book was rejected. He never gave up. Then, he decided to try to publish his book itself.

In the event of a computer user in a club, he was showing his book to Bruce Van Natta of AMSAI, one of the famous computer company in the U.S.. After reading the book, Van Natta interested and decided to include a book on any computer IMSAI will be sold. With a good start and mutual benefit, as well as the belief that people will seek rollicking guide books about computers that can be easily read and understood, Osborn tried to set up his own publishing company called Osborn Books.

Five years later, Osborne Books publisher has published more than 40 titles of books about computers. Then in 1979, for one thing, Osborne sold his publishing company to McGraw-Hill. At the same time, he began trying to write a column for the magazine Computer Interface Age and Infoworld. He was pretty sure the computer will be really useful if it is a mobile computer (can be taken anywhere) and dynamic with the people who use them, and can be used anytime and anywhere people were. He began to think that someday a computer company that existed at the time would have understood the concepts (ideas) in the head. However, the computer company that is not yet ready with his concepts. Having sold his publishing company, Osborn began diverting energies to designing a portable computer, attractive, easy to use, and powerful.

In March 1980, the show "West Coast Computer Faire", he met with Lee Felsenstein, an expert in designing circuit boards for processor technology. Felsenstein start a business engaged in manufacturing hardware (hardware). Its hardware company that not only manufactures portable computers, but also offers its software.

Felsenstein began interested in following an idea proposed by Osborne, he began designing a portable computer, which can be stored under the seat in an airplane. The computer weighs only 24 pounds, has a display (display) 52 columns that would fit on a 5-inch screen, protective tube, and 2 disk drives. In order to meet the needs of a small display, Felsenstein trying to store information in a single screen memory, and provide convenience to the users when they press the buttons in order to roll up display screen.

Once the hardware is realized, Osborne tried to contact several software providers and make arrangements to provide and CBASIC language BASIC, WordStar word processing and data processing programs SuperCalc on each computer. Sotware-market price of the software is about $ 2,000, which caused Osborne to raise the original price of each unit sold. Osborne began to introduce his new computer, named the Osborne 1, the "West Coast Computer Faire" in April 1981. The computer is a portable computer that software is the first to be obtained at a price of $ 1,795 and is a surprising and promising breakthrough to achieve a successful sale. In September 1981, Osborne Computer cooporation (OCC) scored his first sale of millions of dollars. In fact, Osborne 1 became one of the best-selling PC and many were sold that quickly reach peak sales of approximately 10,000 units per month.

In the second year, the company owned by Osborne achieve sales target of 70 million dollars. It overwhelm its competitors, such as IBM and Apple. It was very aggravated when Osborne announced his new computer, Executive, long before the goods are ready for the market. This makes the consumers stopped buying the Osborne 1 while waiting for a new computer that will be issued. However, unfortunately, in September 1983, without known with certainty, OCC went bankrupt. Because sales are not selaris sales Executive Osborne 1.

In the spring of 1984, Osborne returned to the publishing business. His new firm called Paperback Software International Ltd.. Initially, he attempted to publish an inexpensive software to rival expensive softwares that are available in the market at that time. The first time, the idea was to see success and he was able to take over and attract consumers, especially computer companies in the UK. Osborne's most successful product is a data processing program called VP Planner. Unfortunately, Lotus Development Corporation feels that the program violated patents of their program, Lotus 1-2-3. In 1987, Lotus demand software, and billing software licenses. After going through a long process of trial, the court ultimately decided that the doubling of Lotus 1-2-3 menu interface of the software violated the patent.

However, Adam Osborne is an inventor of genius on how to make a portable computer that gives easiness for computer users. No doubt, brilliant ideas will be very useful for people who use computers today. Adam Osborne died in Kodiakanal, southern India, on March 25, 2003 after a prolonged illness on the brain. ***

(Yayan Sofyan Suri, Alumni Faculty IPB Bogor, from various sources) ***

Ref :
http://klipingut.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/adam-osborne-penemu-%e2%80%9dpersonal-computer%e2%80%9d-pc-portabel-pertama/

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Lindsay Lohan Biography - American Actress And Singer

2012-11-29T18:51:00.001-08:00

Lindsay Morgan Lohan (born July 2, 1986 in New York City) is an American actress and singer-blooded Irish and Italian. Lindsay Lohan has been playing movies since childhood and into commercials. He is the son of Michael Lohan and Dina Lohan. They married in 1985 and divorced in 2007. His family life is very bad. In fact, Lindsay's mother, Dina Lohan had decided to prosecuting Michael, Lindsay's father, accused of not paying a monthly fee for their children.

Lindsay Lohan has a close relationship with several well-known celebrities, like Paris Hilton but lately meereka involved in the fracas caused by girlfriend seize Paris accused Lindsay named Stavros, Paris said Lindsay pitiful woman in love with him. Hear the confessions of Paris Lindsay immediately responded by saying Paris is a slut who easily gives her body to other men. Besides Lindsay also good friends with actress Anna Faris. He was also involved in an altercation with actress and singer Hilary Duff because they seize ex-boyfriend, Aaron Carter.

Lindsay is the victim of a broken home, as seen in the music video for his single, The Confessions of a Broken Heart.

On July 11, 2008, Lindsay with Kristi Kaylor founded a clothing line called 6126 Collection. 6126 figure is inspired from the date of birth idol Marilyn Monroe Lindsay who was born on June 1, 1926.
Lindsay Lohan has a lot of issues that cause her to be a target of the paparazzi. He decided to plunge into the world of music and released their first single, which tells about the lives of celebrities are always followed by the mass media.

Lindsay reportedly found a new way and managed to attract the attention of many people including directors and modeling agencies. Pacing make improvements in body shape, he is rumored to perform breast surgery, and how it managed to drive her back to her fame. Recently Lidsay even paid to pose in Playboy magazine. He even signed a U.S. $ 1 million or around Rp. 9 billion. With a high honor, Playboy asked Lohan undressed and into the magazine cover.

In 2012, Lohan appeared flirting with revealing poses on the bed does to shoot in a magazine. Bad habits Lindsay is back with a teasing pose display. Clad in a white shirt and blond hair, and makeup ala Marilyn Monroe, Lindsay was lying in bed clutching a cigarette in his left hand that looks immaculately groomed. In accordance with the theme of the 50's that was carried, ala his idol Lindsay style using red lipstick and false eyelashes and blond hair. Lindsay lying on the white bed cover membarenginya with her mouth slightly open, as well as hands raised upward, clutching cigarettes. With the pose, pose Lindsay also looks very challenging. Before posing for the magazine Love, Lindsay also had a chance to pose a la Marilyn Monroe several times in various magazines including the cover of New York magazine did in 2008.

Lindsay Dee Lohan was born The second July 1986 in New York City and grew up in Merrick and Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island, New York. She is the oldest child Dina Lohan (born Nicolette melina Donata Sullivan) and Michael Douglas Lohan has three younger siblings Sr.Lindsay, all of whom have been models or actors: Michael Jr.. (who appeared with Lindsay in The Parent Trap), alias "Ali", and Dakota "Cody", the youngest Lohan child. Both parents Lohan is of Irish and Italian descent, she was raised as a Catholic.

Some of her mother's antecedents were "well known Irish Catholic stalwarts" and her great-grandfather, John L. Sullivan, was a co-founder of the Pro-life Party in Long Island.Lohan attended Cold Spring Harbor High School, where she did well in science and mathematics, in Grade 11 when she started homeschooling.
Lohan's parents have a turbulent history. They married in 1985, divorced when she was three, and later merged. They understand back in 2005 and completed their divorce in 2007.Her father, Michael, is a former Wall Street trader who has been in trouble with the law several times, but her mother, Dina, is a former singer and dancer

1989–2002: Early career and The Parent Trap
2003–05: Breakthrough, Mean Girls and music
2006–07: Independent movies and career interruptions
2008–09: Television appearances and fashion
2010–present: Legal issues, Machete and television

After the Haiti earthquake, Lohan gave fund-raising assistance to the British Red Cross in March 2010 to provide aid for the country. The same month, Lohan commenced legal proceedings which she sought $ 100 million from financial services company E-Trade for a television advertisement that Lohan claimed invoked her likeness without her permission. The case was settled on confidential terms in September.
Lohan narrated and presented Indian Journey British TV documentary Lindsay Lohan is about human trafficking in India. It was taken a week in India in December 2009 and aired on BBC Three in April 2010. A reviewer for The Times said that rather than highlight trafficking "the spotlight was effectively turned on Lohan and under it she wilted." A review in The Independent found it "very compelling" and said that the inclusion Lohan was "definitely not a terrible choice. just very odd one." Lohan said the experience was "truly humbling" and "I hope my presence in India will bring awareness to a very important factor in making this movie ". In April 2010 Lohan was dropped from the movie The Other Side, where she was set to star, the director said that it was" not bankable. "

In May 2010 Lohan traveled to Cannes Film Festival to present biographical drama Inferno, where she was set to star as a result, adult-film performer Linda Lovelace. while she was in court mandated rehab in November, it was announced that Lohan would be replaced by another actress. Since she was in Cannes, Lohan missed mandatory DUI progress hearing. A bench warrant was issued for her arrest, which was rescinded after she posted bail. Lohan was ordered to attend alcohol education classes, wear a alcohol monitoring bracelet and undergo random drug tests to remain free on bail. On July 6 hearing, the judge determined that Lohan had violated the terms of her probation by missing several mandatory workshops and meetings. She was sentenced to 90 days in jail followed by 90 days of inpatient rehab treatment. Lohan served just 14 days in jail, between July 20 and the second August due to overcrowding. She came in inpatient rehabilitation facility, where she was released after only 23 days. She was ordered to submit random drug and alcohol screenings and attend therapy.

In June 2010, Lohan was the subject of a fashion shoot at the photographer docu-series Double Exposure on Bravo. Lohan appears on the October 2010 Vanity Fair cover. She told the magazine: "I want my career back," and "I know I'm a damn good actress." Talking about her DUI incident, she said "It was my college years ... but they were in the public eye. I was irresponsible. Which I was experimenting." Lohan appears in one sketch in the movie Underground Comedy 2010. She is dressed up as Marilyn Monroe, while still visibly wearing scrat bracelet, and shoots at paparazzi photographers. In September 2010, the movie was still seeking a distributor.

Robert Rodriguez's action exploitation film Machete opened on 3 September 2010. Lohan began her scenes for the movie in August and September 2009. Her character takes drugs, is naked in much of her appearance and later dons a nuns habit while toting a machine gun. The Washington Post described Lohan's character as "campier, tram pier version of herself - or at least her tabloid image". Premiere.com said she was "terrible" while Variety called it ["her best work in some time." Because of her rehabilitation and legal known Lohan did not participate in the promotion of the film.

On 24 September 2010 Lohan's probation was revoked following a failed drug test. She spent part of the day in jail before being released on bail. A few days later she entered the Betty Ford Center, a drug and alcohol treatment center, where she remained on court order for three months until early January 2011. On 9 February 2011 Lohan was charged with the theft of a necklace reported stolen from a jewelry store in January. She was sentenced to 120 days jail and 480 hours of community service for misdemeanor theft and probation violation, she pled no contest. She was also ordered to be supervised by probation until completion of community service time. Due to jail overcrowding, Lohan served the sentence under house arrest wearing an ankle monitor tracking 35 days between 26th May 29th June.

In November, Lohan was found to have violated the terms of her probation by not performing required community service. She was sentenced to 30 days jail and 400 hours of community service. On 7 November Lohan spent less than five hours due to jail overcrowding. On 29 March 2012, under the supervision of the probation Lohan ended after she completed the required community service and treatment. She will still be on informal probation for necklace theft in May 2014, with the only requirement to follow the law.

Lohan appeared in the January / February 2012 issue of Playboy magazine for men, inspired by the shooting nude pictorial of Marilyn Monroe from the first issue of the magazine. Editor Hugh Hefner said Lohan issue was "breaking sales records". Lohan had not appeared on Saturday Live since 2006, when she hosted shows for the fourth time in March 2012. Her appearance was mixed to negative reviews. Critics appreciate self-deprecating references to his personal problems, but also said she played mostly supporting role. The episode was the second highest ratings of the season with 7.4 million viewers. In May 2012, Lohan appeared in a series of television delight in the episode "national" as a celebrity judge. Critics said that her appearance was brief, and said that it was "silly in a good way," but "so depressing".

Lohan stars as the excess of the Arts first artist Richard Phillips. It debuted at Art Basel in June 2012 and features a score by Thomas Bang Alter from Daft Punk. Comments from critics in the labor Lohan were mixed. Lohan stars as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographies of made-for-TV movie Liz & Dick. It was taken in June and July 2012 and premiered on cable channel Lifetime in November. reviews the performance Lohan in the film were mostly, but not identical, negative. The Hollywood Reporter said it was "woeful" while Variety called "acceptable" her. Entertainment Weekly described the premiere ratings of 3.5 million as "a bit soft".

Lohan has a starring role in the independent low budget Paul Schrader's thriller The Canyon, by Bret Easton Ellis, which was launched in July 2012. In September 2012, Lohan took scenes of Scary Movie 5, where she appeared alongside Charlie Sheen. Lohan was arrested in Manhattan in the early morning hours of November 29, 2012, after allegedly slapped a woman in the face at night spot Club Avenue. On the same day, three more charges filed against her in Santa Monica as a result of a car accident in June 1012. Lohan was charged with giving false information to a police officer, prevent or against a policeman in the implementation of their obligations and reckless driving.

Reference:
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Lohan

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About And Contact - Meet Up Biography Zone

2012-11-29T01:52:00.002-08:00

I aim to make this blog (BIOGRAPHYZONE) is I would like to share your special information. This information includes / about biography, the history of a person / company even something that nobody minds you hehehe. languages I speak are English, though my language poor but I beg you to forgive, because I am learning stage

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but I do not necessarily directly answer the question you asked, but I try to respond as soon as possible.

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Michael Jackson Biography - The King Of POP

2012-11-25T04:39:00.003-08:00

Michael Joseph Jackson, better known by the name of Michael Jackson, born in Gary, Indiana, USA, August 29, 1958. Besides known as R&B singer, songwriter and actor, Jacko also be 'icon' break dance world have distinctive styles and makeup. Children to 7 of 9 children, the couple Joseph Walter and Katherine Esther. Since childhood, getting treatment and abuse from his father. In 1975 began his career singing group Jackson's music through 5, with four siblings. 1976 jakson 5 changed its name to The jakson and made six albums.

Jacko life journey full of controversy also brought him so popular. Jacko was a man full of problems and repeatedly faced lawsuits. Among the demands have deviant sexual activity with children, though later it was not proven.

The Golden Age

Jackson released "Thriller" in 1982, which is surprising because seven of the album the song topped the ten most popular songs in the U.S.. The album sold 21 million copies in the U.S. and at least 27 million worldwide. The following year, he patented a street-style dance moves on the moon (moonwalk) when the song "Billie Jean" in the NBC special stage. Record sales of Michael Jackson's album tracks are believed to reach 750 million, plus 13 Grammy Award he received, making it one of the most successful entertainer of all time.

In 1993, Jackson was accused of sexually abusing a boy aged 13 years, which police later searched the home of rest "Neverland" in California. In the same year, Jackson announced that he was addicted to sedatives and cancel her world tour to promote his album, "Dangerous." He reached an agreement to pay compensation in 1994 reported to be worth 23 million dollars to the families of victims of child sexual abuse.

In 1994, Jackson married the only child of Elvis Presley, Lisa Marie, but the marriage ended in divorce in 1996. Jackson married Debbie Rowe the same year and had two children before divorcing in 1999. Ironically, the couple never lived together.

Jackson has three children named Prince Michael I, Paris Michael and Prince Michael II, the latter was introduced to the public by the father with dianggkat from the attic to bring widespread public criticism.

Controversy:

One shows television documentary "Living with Michael Jackson" aired in 2003, which stated that Jackson still likes to sleep with young boys and the mother of his last child of a mysterious woman. Jackson then responded by launching a documentary video documentary counterpoint. Jackson trial in 2005 on charges of insulting the boy was 13 years old in 2003, in addition to allegedly conspiring to kidnap the boy. The singer is punishable by 20 years in prison if convicted.

Justice for four months ending in June 2005 where he was acquitted of all charges. Jackson then moved to live in Bahrain, Ireland and France since the sex abuse case ends.

Jacko intends to hold a concert again. Plans comeback concert will begin with 30 days at the O2 arena London, England. Jacko plans to hold a concert was forced to run aground. Thursday, June 25, 2009, Jackson breathed his last due to a fatal heart attack.

Earlier, the King of Pop was unconscious at the mansion in Holmby Hills, Los Angeles. Immediately he was rushed to the hospital. Medics strive to provide help and trying to keep her alive. They perform a variety of respiratory assistance, but unfortunately Michael did not act at all. Jackson died at the age of 50 accompanied by family members, including her mother and brother who continues to be at his bedside.

Michael left behind three children, Prince Michael (12), Paris (10), and Prince Michael II (10).

Reference :

- http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/michael_jackson/
- http://hermintokrmojo.blogspot.com/2008/12/biografi-michael-jackson.html
- http://zulqarnaenalfurqaan.com/2009/06/29/biografi-michael-jackson/

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Michael Jackson Biography - The King Of POP

Dr. No (1962)

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On Her Majesty's Secret Service (1969)

Diamonds Are Forever (1971)

Live and Let Die (1973)

The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)

Albert R. Broccoli (1975—84)

The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)

Moonraker (1979)

For Your Eyes Only (1981)

Octopussy (1983)

A View to a Kill (1985)

The Living Daylights (1987)

Licence to Kill (1989)

GoldenEye (1995)

Tomorrow Never Dies (1997)

The World Is Not Enough (1999)

Die Another Day (2002)

Casino Royale (2006)

Quantum of Solace (2008)