• The first thing that you have to ensure is that you have adapted your CV for that specific job. If you’re applying for more than one job at the same time, it might seem to be a lot easier to just send in the same CV for each one, but if you make them more appropriate for the job that you’re going for at the time, and highlight the skills that are most important for the job, then you’re much more likely to be able to get the job.
• Highlight any key qualifications that you have. Although you might hardly remember your GCSEs, it makes sense that you should put down if you have qualifications in maths and English. Most employers ask for these specifically, so if you hold them, you should make a point of saying this when you apply for the role. There is no need to list every single qualification that you’ve ever gained, but just put the most important and recent ones on your CV. If you’ve gained bad grades, such as failing an A Level, there is no need to put this, but you should never deliberately lie if questioned directly; as there are ways in which you could be found out eventually.
• Get relevant work experience. If you’re applying for a job in a shop, then volunteering at a charity shop might be something that would appeal to your potential employer. You don’t have to spend too much time doing this; an hour or so each week would be enough, but every little helps. If you want to be a nurse, volunteering in a nursing home could make you look experienced at interview.
• Get clued up about the company. Most companies will have policies and aims for their work, and it makes sense for you to get as much information as you can about this so that you can talk about the company in detail at interview and prove to them that you’re showing an interest. If, for example, the company that you’re applying for strives to be environmentally friendly, you would do well to make sure that they know you’re environmentally friendly too. 
• Don’t be too pushy. Although a friendly email after an interview to say that you enjoyed meeting them and look forward to their decision, continuous emails saying the same thing are not going to help. They need to know that you trust their judgement and understand that they will do what’s best.

If you don’t succeed at first, then don’t get too down about it. There are at least 8 people at the moment applying for each job that is advertised, so if you get offered any job at all you should rest soundly in the knowledge that you must have been rather impressive. 

The good news if you have any savings is that the house prices are rock bottom at the moment. This means that no matter what price you buy your property for now, they are more or less guaranteed to be a lot higher in a couple of decade’s time. Although you might not be able to get a mortgage because banks are not lending as much money at the moment, if you have some savings and you’re thinking about what to spend them on then this would probably be the ideal thing for you.

Buying a property as a long term investment might not bring you money right away, so ideally you would need something that you could let out to other people. The good news is that not many people can afford to buy their own homes and this means that they are choosing to rent instead, so they are always looking for people who they could rent property off.

One of the good things about buying a property to let out rather than to live in is that it doesn’t really matter where that property is. You can find a place that is within your own personal price range and just go for something there. You would only have to spend a couple of days at the property making sure that it was ready for your tenants to move in, and then you could leave everything else to the estate agent.

If you manage to do this, then it means that you are able to get income every month without fail for as long as you choose to own the house for. This would be a much higher income than you would have gained if you’d just stuck with your savings, so it is certainly something that you should be thinking about. The fact that you would be getting several hundreds of pounds each month as well as the fact that you own a property which is increasing in value over time is certainly something that is well worth spending your money on in the long term. 

One of the most important things is that you need to get as much information as you possibly can about the subjects they’re taking, how those subjects are assessed, when they’re assessed, and what it would mean if your child were to do well in the exam in question. If you know everything, then you will understand if your child might become a little bit irritable at certain times simply because of the pressure that they’re under at the time. 

The next thing that you need to do is ensure that your child knows how to prepare for an exam. You should make sure that they have a suitable place to revise that is nice and quiet with no distractions, as this will help them to learn the information that they need a lot more easily. You should ensure that you child is doing enough revision. If your child is doing their age 11 exams then an hour after school each night is probably enough to help them. If they are doing GCSEs then three hours would be better, and if they’re doing their A Levels or a degree then they should probably be doing even more than this. Make sure that you offer to help them if you can, by testing them or maybe by helping them to type up the notes that they’ve written so that they have a booklet of everything that they need.

It might be nice for you to plan something special for when they’ve finished their exams. This could be something like a trip to the beach or to a theme park, but it is important that they have something that they can look forward to as they will be under a lot of pressure. 

Their diet is very important during exams. Although it might seem like you’re treating them if you give them chocolate and fizzy drinks, this is not good for their brain and is not going to help them at all in the long term. Instead you should plan healthy meals such as pasta for the night before exams as this makes sure that they’re going to have enough energy to see them through the exam.

The final thing that you need to do is praise them. The only thing that they can do is their best, and there is no point in comparing them to relatives, children or neighbours or yourself when you were at school. As long as your child has done their best, then that is all that matters, and they should be very proud of the results that they achieve. 

If you are in school or college and have friends who are worrying about their exams, then please share this article on social networking websites, as you will be able to help them as well.

• The first thing that you need to do is make sure that you’re prepared for your exam. Providing that you have worked hard during the course of the year, then this task doesn’t have to be all that daunting for you. You should create a revision timetable that works for you, and that means that you have covered all of the material that you need to know without having burned yourself out by doing so.
• The next thing that you should do is get clued up about your exam. By practicing exam papers that have appeared in the past, this means that you will get used to the way that the exams are worded and set out, which means that you shouldn’t have any nasty surprises when it comes to the day of your exam. You should also be able to work out how much time you can assign to each of the questions on the day, and this will mean that you’re not wasting time on questions that aren’t worth very many marks.

On the day of the exam.

• It is important that you don’t stress yourself out beforehand. On the day of your exam, the majority of your revision should already be done, and this means that you shouldn’t really have to look at your notes in the morning. If you do this, it might make you worry even more than you’re already doing.
• When you get into the exam room, take a couple of minutes to calm yourself down, get to know your environment, and breathe deeply. This will help your heart stop racing and will allow you to think more rationally about the exam that you’re about to sit. 
• When you’re allowed to open your paper, read it all the way through. If you want to make a couple of notes next to each question while it is fresh in your mind then this is okay, but you need to take the time to look at the questions and decide how much time you’re going to spend on each one. If you do this, then you will be subconsciously thinking about the questions near the end of the paper while you’re completing the ones at the beginning, meaning that you can tackle them better when you get there.
• When you’re completing your questions, make an effort to keep your handwriting tidy and your spelling and grammar correct. This gives you more marks, and every little helps. If you find that you can’t answer a question, move on to the next one and tackle the difficult one later. You might have been able to remember the answer by then, and sitting staring at your paper won’t help you at all.
• Finally, checking your paper is important. Although it might seem boring, it’s amazing the number of mistakes you can make while you’re in a stressful situation. A simple check of the paper would help to solve this and would maximise your marks.
• After your exam; forget about it. There is no point getting stressed about things that you could have done better, because the moment has passed and there is nothing that you could do about it now. Spend your time relaxing after your exam, and then hopefully you would feel refreshed for the exams the day after. 

Since attending school, we always get a lesson on nutrition for a variety of health benefits to eating fruits and vegetables. Would be processed in various forms of food, they still provide good for the body.

Unfortunately, before it is ready to eat, you often hit obstacles how to choose fresh fruits and vegetables. In a fresh and healthy condition, can undoubtedly benefit from the nutrients contained in fruits and vegetables. Automatic, fruit and glazed rdalam category is also safe to eat.

Therefore, the first tips is to choose a healthy and fresh fruit. Here is a list of practical check list that can be used as a guide according to information the Directorate of Fruit Crops Ministry of Agriculture:

• Sufficient level of maturity
• The fruit was fresh
• Bright fruit skin color
• Shape of a good
• Fruit skin clean and smooth
• Fragrant fruit aroma
• There is no trace of pests and diseases

Secondly, this is an effective prescription for choosing fresh vegetables. Overall, akin to choosing fresh fruit, an important factor to note is bright colors, looks rough, smelled fresh, and choosing a good shape.

For leaf-shaped vegetable, choose the bone leaves and stems of the leaves was evident easily broken. As for the vegetables, tubers, bulbs you can find the skin that is bruised, not perforated, physical hard enough, and not watery. As for the categories of fresh garlic is that conditions are too dry and not too wet and not wrinkled.

Should avoid when vegetables are dull-colored and the leaves are wilted and yellowed color. Especially if accompanied by the physical form of the software when it is held, withered, wrinkled, and too watery.

In more detail, here is an example of when you buy fresh vegetables broccoli. Look for broccoli with fresh green buds, free from discoloration and dirt stains. Avoid leaves that have a yellowish color, moist conditions are already in the leaves and shoots, as well as a strong characteristic odor.

Similar to selecting broccoli, as well as having to buy fresh carrots.Look for the bright orange color, smooth surface, and solid forms. If by chance you buy carrots with the tops of leaves, make sure the leaves are green. Also avoid conditions change color mottled brown and small. Congratulations to choose fresh fruits and vegetables for your health.

Overview

The old adage goes that “no matter how much things change, they seem to stay the same.” Perhaps nowhere is this more evident than in the area of international trade, where cross-border transactions still flow largely at the speed of paper. Buyers and sellers, whether they are separated by only a few miles and a national boundary line or they are divided by thousands of miles of ocean, still rely on a complex system of financing – and paperwork. Financing for transactions is still dependent on the facilitating role played by large commercial banks, which are involved in the vast majority of international trade transactions.

So, in the Age of the Internet, one must ask a simple question – Why? Today, on a smaller scale, international transactions are successfully carried-out tens of thousands of times a day by individuals and companies alike. Whether it is for purchases made on eBay or various other websites or transactions made by businesses and even governments, settlements are made securely via credit cards, online payment systems (such as PayPal), and wired transactions. However, when it comes to buying and selling materials, goods, and products abroad, companies seeking to expand their sales horizons and engage in international trade have to deal with a workable, yet cumbersome and costly system. It is an international trade system that provides settlement security, but at a relatively high intensity – in terms of price, paperwork, and time.

This article explores the alternative – namely online escrow services. It looks at how such services work versus the traditional, letter of credit-based payment/settlement system. Further, the article goes on to discuss the implications of the development and growth of using escrow services for international trade and development.

The Comparison: Letters of Credit vs. Online Escrow Services

In order to illustrate the difference between the traditional payment/settlement process for international trade versus online escrow services, let’s take a step-by-step look at how take a typical international transaction works today using a letter of credit.

1.    The agreement - A seller and a buyer reach agreement on a specific transaction. They agree to a contractual agreement which will specify – among other items – the quantity and type of good(s) to be purchased, the purchase price, and the date/place for delivery of the item(s).

2.    Buyer initiates letter of credit - To begin the actual purchase transaction, the buyer works with a commercial bank to have a letter of credit issued. This letter of credit – with the seller named as beneficiary – must be fully funded by the buyer before issuance. These funds can come from one of two sources – either a deposit made by the buyer or a debit from the buyer’s existing account balance with the issuing bank (if sufficient funds are available in the account). The issuing bank also commonly required Insurance to be taken-out to ensure the transaction against a variety of risks (such as damage, delays, insolvency, etc.). For these services, the issuing bank levies a fee on the buyer. Such fees typically range from 1 to 10% of the total value for the transaction. This fee varies both on the specific underwriting characteristics for the transaction and the relationship of the issuing bank to the buyer.

3.    The transmittal of the letter of credit - The buyer’s bank issues the letter of credit and it is sent to the seller (see Figure 1).

4.    The receipt of the letter of credit - The seller receives the letter of credit. The company then presents the letter of credit to its commercial bank. With the guarantee from the issuing bank, the seller then has – in effect – a line of credit that it can potentially draw upon for its operations available at its bank and final payment will be made once the delivery conditions of the contract are satisfied (See Figure 2).

5.    The shipment is made – With the letter of credit in its possession, the seller then provides the consignment of goods to the shipping company (regardless of the nature of transport – water, trucking, rail, air) (See Figure 3).

6.    The bill of lading is issued – In exchange for the consignment, the seller receives a bill of lading. This document serves a number of purposes, as it is, in effect – a document of title, and a receipt for the goods. It also is a contractual obligation – a contract of carriage – that the shipping firm will deliver the consigned goods to a specific destination on or before a specific date.

7.    The receipt of goods – After the shipment is made, the buyer actually takes ownership of the goods and confirms that the seller’s consignment to them meets the specifications in the contract (quantity, quality and condition, etc.) (See Figure 4).

8.    Payment is made – Once all necessary steps are completed and it is assured that the consignment meets the terms of the contract, the seller can claim final payment from its bank from the funds that were previously deposited.

Sound complicated? It is. Sound paper intensive (even with email and edocs today)? It certainly is. Sound costly? It is, as there are many man hours, legal fees, and courier costs involved. And depending on the size and scope of the transaction – and the countries where the buyer and seller reside, the parties may choose to – or be required to – bring-in neutral, third-party banks to act as either (or both) clearing entities and/or guarantors for the letter of credit. All this to process payments – yes, that’s the way roughly 90% of international trading volume works. And for small businesses – and even large ones – in both developed and developing nations, this cumbersome and costly process can work to limit – or completely inhibit – their ability (or want) to expand internationally. Such limits can be seen as inhibiting not just the growth of particular companies and even regions (and their economic development and ability to create jobs through the proven multiplier effects of international trade), but global growth in the aggregate.

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Figure 1

Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_of_credit_1.png)

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Figure 2

Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_of_credit_3.png)

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Figure 3

Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_of_credit_2.png)

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Figure 4

Source: Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_of_credit_4.png)

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The Escrow Solution

So is there a better way? Is there a payments solution that can meet the demands of a growing global economy and protect all actors in cross-border transactions? Fortunately today, the answer is yes – and it comes in the form of independent, third-party escrow services. This analyst sees rapid scaling in the growth and use of such escrow services – which have been utilized for over a decade in smaller-scale commercial transactions – due to the advantages they hold over the institutionalized letter of credit-based payments/settlement system that is predominant today.

How do escrow services work in international trading transactions? As an illustration, let’s take a look at how the leading firm in the escrow marketplace – Rancho Santa Margarita, California-based Escrow.com – handles such transactions. Andee Hill, Director of Business Development for Escrow.com states, “We have processed over a billion dollars through the Escrow.com system serving customers in over 100 countries during our decade-plus of experience.”

Escrow.com uses a five-step transaction process, as illustrated below:

●      Step 1 – The Contract is Established

●      Step 2 – The Buyer Makes Payment

●      Step 3 – The Shipment is Made

●      Step 4 – The Shipment is Accepted

●      Step 5 – The Seller is Paid and the Transaction is Complete

This process works to protect the buyer and the seller – all at far less cost than the traditional, letter of credit-based process for importing and exporting. In fact, for transactions greater than $25,000, the escrow fee is less than 1% (.89%) of the transaction – payable by the buyer or seller – or split between the parties, depending on the contract terms. However, since it is an international transaction, there may still be additional charges if funds are wired to/from the escrow provider and if a guarantor bank is needed. This will depend on the countries involved. Also, all funds paid to and paid from Escrow.com are delivered in U.S. dollars at present. Thus, there could be conversion charges and some currency risk (due to the time lags involved between the initial deposit of the payment by the buyer till the time the funds are dispersed to the seller and the fluctuation in exchange rates between the currencies involved vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar – although this could work to the actual benefit of the seller if a gain occurs). All in all however, because the Escrow.com process is available to anyone with an Internet connection and access to banking services – and not necessarily the larger commercial banks that have formerly dominated international trade services – those engaging in importing or exporting can conduct their international operations in a far faster, far less-costly and equally or more secure manner than ever before.

Here’s a final cautionary note on online escrow services. According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), escrow services fraud is one of the most prevalent areas of online fraud and crime going on today (see Sidebar: The Internet Crime Complaint Center {IC3} on Escrow Fraud). So, it is vitally important to choose your escrow service provider carefully in all situations. However, when dealing with international trading – especially considering the cross-border nature and size of the transactions involved – going with an established player in the field is crucial today.

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Sidebar: The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) on Escrow Fraud

The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) characterizes escrow fraud in the following manner:

In an effort to persuade a wary Internet auction participant, the perpetrator will propose the use of a third-party escrow service to facilitate the exchange of money and merchandise. The victim is unaware the perpetrator has actually compromised a true escrow site and, in actuality, created one that closely resembles a legitimate escrow service. The victim sends payment to the phony escrow and receives nothing in return. Or, the victim sends merchandise to the subject and waits for his/her payment through the escrow site which is never received because it is not a legitimate service.

It is worth mentioning that on the IC3’s website, which is supported by the U.S. government and the FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), the online crime-fighting organization directs its audience to go to Escrow.com’s site for alerts on escrow fraud and tips on how not to become a victim of it in any online transaction.

Source: Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) (http://www.ic3.gov/crimeschemes.aspx#item-8)

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Analysis

From this analyst’s perspective, the use of escrow services presents a “win-win” for all involved in international trade – with the exception of the facilitation entities (commercial banking, shipping companies, expediting firms, etc.) that have benefited from the established way things have been done. The author can predict that with the upsurge in the use of such services – by both small and large firms alike – we will see a growth in importing and exporting activities around the globe as international transactions between firms are made far easier than ever before, while retaining the assurance protections necessary for global commerce to work. In echoing this sentiment, Brandon Abbey, Escrow.com’s President and Managing Director, commented that: “The global economy is here and it desperately needs solutions that can accelerate commerce.  We provide a payment solution that is expedient and secure providing our customers a huge competitive advantage.”

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About the Author 

David C. Wyld (dwyld@selu.edu) is the Robert Maurin Professor of Management at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. He is a management consultant, researcher/writer, and executive educator. He also serves as the Director of the Reverse Auction Research Center (http://reverseauctionresearch.com/), a hub of research and news in the expanding world of competitive bidding. His blog, Wyld About Business, can be viewed at http://wyld-business.blogspot.com/.

Joseph Parish

It often will take only a single kick to force open a residential door. After spending multiple hours exploring the web in search of an improved lock system to prevent this from occurring, I found it almost impossible to locate anything to remedy the situation. The kind of lock I was seeking was one that you could “hardening” for your entry into the home and make it difficult if not impossible for a criminal to obtain entry. I wanted something solid as opposed to the standard dead-bolt currently in use. Most entry products on the market today can easily be kicked in. You can purchase commercial security locks however most residential doors are simply not built to the proper thickness for the commercial style lock sets. In view of the difficulty in finding a desired lock I have created alternative methods of securing the doors of my home.

I took the liberty to talk at length with a friend who happens to be lock specialist dealing specifically with low-income apartment complexes. These complexes experience a large volume of kicked in doors on a daily basis. He stated that one of the easiest and cheapest methods that he knew for preventing the doors from being kicked in or the door jamb from being broken was to make sure that the screws which attach the bolt plate to the jamb go all the way to the stud that’s behind the jamb. The method so described makes it harder for a burglar to obtain entry by simply replacing the standard ½ inch screws which attach the strike plate with longer 3 inch screws. The longer screws will permit the penetration of the door jamb within the frame. He would take and install 3 to 3 1/2″ drywall screws in both the dead-bolt and the locking door knob jamb plates. His premises was that these screws were long enough to fully reach the 2 X 4 stud which proves more substantial that the material found within the jamb itself.

He related one instance where a drugged out, jealous ex-husband desperately wanted into his ex-wife’s apartment which my friend had previously completed a reinforcement job on the door. To make a long story short the husband did gain entrance to the home but only after he had completely demolished the frame of the door pulling it out of the wall itself. The same procedure will work with the hinge plate screws as well. These 3 or 4 screws in each hinge are a mere ½ inch but by replacing them with 3 inch screws they can hold up to a lot more abuse. Consider having a 1/8″ thick aluminum or steel 1.5″ wide plate recessed within the door frame and attached with countersunk screws. By using this strategy the entire door frame will take the hit.

Often people think that a stronger lock is in order but the reality of it all is that it is not the lock or dead-bolt itself but rather how well it has been attached to the opening. He further added that even a simple Kwik-set dead bolt can not easily be comprised if installed properly. You should install a dead bolt on every exterior door of your home. Decide prior to the installation if the interior side should be opened by a key or by a handle.

Do not take this decision lightly as you should firmly consider the patterns of use in your home and the nearby window locations. One client of my friend who had their home broke into installed their door’s dead bolt in such a manner that it was not visible from the outside causing the burglar to view it as an easy entry. Since the client had experienced a break-in they decided to have the door replaced with a metal reinforced jamb installed.

Multipoint locking systems provide another means by which you can thwart kick in of your door. These systems generally have three locks at different levels on the door and make it harder to kick the door in. The downfall of this arrangement is that three separate locking locations are good for keeping someone out while you are not home but it opens you up to a different sort of security risk factor. When you arrive home late in the evening it will take time for you to open the three separate locks. You must also take time to find the proper keys for each of the locks.

I was told that one individual designed their home specially to counter these issues. They situated the home in such a manner that they have had a 7 second line of sight for someone attempting to get to the door as well as a 3 second access to the either their front or back door. The decks on the house were created so that it takes 3 turns in order to maneuver to the door level. The homebuilder installed several removable access points at one end of each decks which is used for loading or unloading furniture but these points are designed so that if the screws were to be removed the sides would not stay up on their own.

Naturally, if the money is available buy a stronger door. Look for a door rated to withstand hurricane forces. These are perfect for protecting your home from burglars. Therma-Tru Company will test its reinforced fiberglass door by projecting 2 x 4’ towards it at 30 mph. Those doors which employ glass in them will arrive with hurricane rated impact glass as well. As a homeowner you should use the same steps that you would to secure your side and rear doors as you would use for your front door.

When a burglar considers entering a home their choice of door depends upon several criteria. They consider how attractive the door may be. Is there shrubbery near the front entry which might make it more appealing, are there dogs in the backyard making the rear door less desirable? Give some very serious thought to purchasing several .50 cent door jambs. If you doubt the effectiveness of these items you can have a friend jam one under your door and try to open it. The hinges on the door will bust the door gives way.

Lock bumping presents a particular problem for securing doors so always install bump proof locks. These locks are specifically designed not to allow the simultaneous alignment of all the lock pins when suddenly jarred. Do not be fooled by pick proof locks that clam bump proof capabilities. Read the label on the lock very carefully. There are several brands of bump-proof locks that you can purchase such as Schlage Primus, Assa, Medeco or Mul-T-Lock. Generally the price of these locks start around the $100 range.

So now you have beefed up your doors to the point that the burglar can not get thought they will likely avoid the door and pick up something and toss it through the window. On the subject of windows you could use the windows which comply with the Florida hurricane standards. These are the ones that are resistant to hammer hitting.

Lastly let’s look at low tech security as a means of keeping an intruder out. Perhaps we could use a medieval method of barring the door? With such a method in place even breaking the lock as well as the hinges would not dislodge your door enough to allow entry. Obviously this method would only benefit you if you were at home. Defending your home while you are away is of course less important from the safely standpoint. If someone were to break in and steal your furnishings while you are gone you are only out money.

To bar the door from the inside you only need to drill a hole in the floor in front of the door and drop in a bolt which is an inch or two longer than the hole. The point here is you must remove the bolt in order to open the door and this makes it more difficult to kick it in. In fact, you could likely drill 2 or 3 holes off-set so if the first array of kicks breaks one bolt those that follow will hit another bolt a few inches to the side.

Copyright @2012 Joseph Parish

www.survival-training.info

Introduction

Expanding globally is a firm’s way to increase their profitability and rate of profit growth. Firms that operate internationally are able to expand the market, realize location, earn a return and experience greater cost economies. Companies that go global may face highly unstable governments and currencies, restrictive government policies and regulations, and high trade barriers.

Globalization is a process where regional economies and cultures get integrated with the rest of the world. With speedier transportation and efficient low cost means of communication, distances lose significance and the result is that the world begins to “shrink.”

The Idea in a Nutshell

Businesses like to “go global” because they see the profit potential and lower the costs of out sourcing. Globalization, which led to a major expansion of international trade, also led to inevitable disruptions like job losses caused by outsourcing

The 10 Things You Need to Know About Global Expansion, Profitability, and Profit Growth

1. Expanding the market is a good way for a company to take goods and services produced at home and sell them internationally.     While this sounds simple, it is constrained by the need to customize products, marketing, and business strategy to each of the different national locations.  Most multinationals started out by taking their goods or services and selling them internationally.

2. Companies like Toyota for example found out that the small vehicles that were popular in Japan were not as popular in the US as the larger sized autos. They adjusted their product strategy to the US market and enjoyed the ensuing growth in market share and profitability
   
3. US companies looking abroad must start by understanding the international trade system. Foreign governments may charge tariffs, may set quotas, and they may also face exchange controls. They may also face non-tariff trade barriers, such as biases against the US company bids, restrictive product standards, or excessive regulations. But certain countries have formed free trade zones, or economic communities.

4. Business organizations today, particularly large global ones, are complex systems where all the subsystems overlap and affect one another. The same principle holds true for location economies. Due to differences in feature costs, certain countries have a comparative advantage in the production of certain products. As an example, Japan might excel in the production of automobiles, the United States in the production of computer software, and China in the production of clothing.

5. For a company attempting to prosper in a global market this might mean that it would benefit by basing every value creation activity it needs in the country where economic, political, and cost considerations are most conducive for that activity. For example, if the most productive labor force for assembly operations is in China then any assembly operations should be there. If the best marketers are in the US then the marketing plans should be developed in the US.

6. Businesses are always seeking new markets so that they can grow, and international markets are several times the size of domestic markets of even large countries. Expanding operations into global markets involve not only selling your merchandise in those markets but also sourcing materials and services from those markets where it makes economic sense.

7. It becomes feasible to sell in international markets with almost the same ease as in domestic ones. If a particular business forgoes this option, it can find that competitors gain an advantage. Operating in overseas markets, these competitors would be able to build their local presence through tie ups with local distributors, and through marketing campaigns that create customer loyalty and brand recognition for their products in those markets.

8. Additionally, with the spread of technology all over the world, skills that were traditionally available only in developed nations became available in low cost countries. Businesses could carry out their operations at the other side of the globe if it serves to lower their costs. Again, competitive pressures will typically drive businesses to go for this option.

9. Globalization is a gradual process that lessens the significance of national barriers. While goods have been crossing national borders since ancient times, and military campaigns involved people doing the same, these are not what we understand by globalization. The term today means the increasing movement of services, technology, finance, information, culture and workers throughout the world, aided by dramatic developments in new technologies, spread of information and speed of transport.

10. With globalization, countries are forced to conform to the dictates of competition that force them to lower social standards in order to be competitive. In other words, the lower class citizens in third world countries affected by globalization do not reap any economic rewards from their society. They are oppressed instead by competition

The Video Lounge

Brinker’s Carin Stutz on global expansion: Carin Stutz, president of global business development at Brinker International Inc., talks about the opportunities and challenges of taking the Chili’s Grill & Bar brand abroad. Chili’s just opened its first unit in Moscow.

References

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. April 13 2012.  ”Globalization” www.wikipedia.com
Uploaded by NRN online on Aug 23, 2011
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTiGfkQjHZA
Globalize your thinking www.oppenheimerfunds.com
Effects of Globalization Feb 1, 2011
Cathy Herold http://www.suite101.com
Charles, W.L. Hill (2009).  International Business. McGraw-Hill: Irwin. www.mhhe.com
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Contact Information

To contact the author of “The Top Ten Management Primer on Global Expansion, Profitability, and Profit Growth,” please email Melanie LeBlanc at melanie.leblanc@selu.edu.

About the Publisher  

David C. Wyld (dwyld.kwu@gmail.com) is the Robert Maurin Professor of Management at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. He is a management consultant, researcher/writer, and executive educator. His blog, Wyld About Business, can be viewed at http://wyld-business.blogspot.com/. He also serves as the Director of the Reverse Auction Research Center (http://reverseauctionresearch.com/), a hub of research and news in the expanding world of competitive bidding. Dr. Wyld also maintains compilations of his student’s publications regarding:

• management concepts (http://toptenmanagement.blogspot.com/)
• book reviews (http://wyld-about-books.blogspot.com/) and
• international foods  (http://wyldaboutinternationalfoods.blogspot.com/)           

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Executive Summary

Good leaders and effective leadership decisions are essential to any business and business strategy. The ever-changing business world we live in today requires efficient leadership more than ever before. Today, there is a greater accountability for each individual decision made by upper and lower management. The difference between effectual leadership and poor leadership lies between success and failure. The act of making a difference and having an impact on the company or in the lives of individuals around you can signify a true leader. A true leader makes an active choice in their decision-making amid other alternatives; and the results are substantial and strategic.

Leadership skills can be acquired differently for all people. Some, leadership is a trait they are born with. While others, it is something taught or learned over time. Either way effective leadership can determine the outcome of important obstacles they are faced with. Good leaders inspire other, overcome adversity, and are able to set their sights on goals and achieve what others have doubted. Leadership accounts for more when the route that should be taken is less apparent and seems less attainable.

The Leadership Moment is a book composed of nine accounts of leaders facing significant moments in their lives where good leadership matters most.  Each story is about an individual who is faced with a dilemma that is a momentous and significant moment in their life; and how the individual dealt with the situation when it mattered most. Peter Drucker says, “Leadership is a calling” and “leaders are those whose followers do the right thing.” Abraham Lincoln once said, “Leadership appealed to the better angles of our nature.”  Both of these great men believe that leadership and ethics go hand in hand.

Useem wrote this book to help managers and other individuals better equip themselves for the day-to-day obstacles they run into. Also, to teach people that leadership, either large are small, can shape the outlook and future of others and determine the outcome of situation.  In business today, leadership is one of the most important aspects of a company. The world is more globalized and companies are growing internationally. Therefore, managers need to have the skills to penetrate these markets successfully. International mutual funds, foreign direct investment, cross border alliances, and good global relationships are surpassing domestic markets. Our society and workforce is faced with greater uncertainty; consequently, good leadership is required to compete in these markets.

The stories composed in Michael Useem’s book can be applied to everyday management, and can act as a tool or guide for principles managers should follow. Useem wrote this book to offer three instructions to managers: prepare yourself, prepare your colleagues, and prepare your organization. Leading under fire is when the flame burns brightest, when we can see what makes a difference.”

The Ten Things Managers Need to Know from The Leadership Moment

   
1. Recognize ways to strengthen and re-enforce public and investor interest. Creation and promotion of a positive business culture, even if it briefly deduces shareholder returns, can create a company that has a great public image and reputation.  Having a business based on the foundation of ethics will foster a strong, responsible company that other’s want to work with.

2. Have a clear image of where you want to go and what you want your company to achieve is essential in its overall success. Inform your employees of the organizations culture and your expectations. Be clear and precise in delegating responsibilities, there should be no ambiguity. Trust and compliance from employees and subordinates is vital when running a company or a management position. Employees should be clear-minded and fast acting in knowing the interests of the company.

3. If a manager expects the people working for him to make their own decisions, and implement their own assessments of situations; the manager should offer them the valuable tools to make those decisions now. A manager should supply his employees with past experiences and information essential to their success. Inform your employees with information on how to deal with certain situation if you expect them to make their own judgment calls in the future. In the case they are confronted with a challenge or an emergency, a manager should teach his or her employees to think strategically.

4. Now is always the time to create bonds and build a strong culture. Building a company with excellent communication, shared understanding, and a common responsibility and obligation is important in the success of a company. When times of hardship or change occur these traits should have already been established; therefore, the company should have a clear direction where to go. Encompassing a common purpose and having camaraderie among the company is imperative to the performance of company.

5. Be sure to expect the highest performance from your team and company. Setting standards and positive expectations of what you want to achieve creates atmosphere where failure and laziness are not acceptable. A manager should understand that having these goals for achievement will not always guarantee the outcome they want, but not creating standards will make failure far more feasible.

6. When a goal seems well within reach and easily obtainable, you should not be overconfident. A manager or team member should attempt to remain focused on the goal, and should not lose sight of what’s important. On the contrary, when a goal seems out of reach a manager and team members should try to instill greater confidence and motivation to achieving the goal. A manager should attempt to find a balance between pessimism and optimism; having too much or little of either can be counterproductive.

7. A manager isn’t privileged to know which actions will instill the greatest results and have the most memorable outcome. As a result, a manager should always treat each action as critical, because some of the most unpretentious actions have proven to be the most memorable. Management cannot afford to disregard or evade any situation because that situation could be the turning point in their career or even in their life.

8.  If a situation occurs where you’re plunged into position of responsibility without preparation or forewarning; don’t attempt to jump in headfirst. You should always ask what’s expected of you and what actions are called for. You should find out what have been the effective strategies of other manager, and how they reacted to the challenge. A manager should be disciplined in self-study, and be able to adapt to the challenges they may face.

9. A good leader knows how to listen. Listening is a successful way of obtaining respect and giving respect. Not interrupting and hearing someone out, no matter their status, is trait that is respectable. If a manager wants to obtain loyalty from employees, they must earn it. Being engaged with what someone has to say shows a great form of leadership.

10. Inaction can potentially be as harmful to the company as an incompetent action. When a manager chooses not to act on a potentially harmful situation and decides to look the other way; this decision is just as damaging to the company as if he did it himself. Being held accountable in a leadership position is important to the company’s success. Employees and customers want a leader whom they can trust and rely on. Ethical behavior is key.

Full Summary of The Leadership Moment

The nine accounts written in The Leadership Moment demonstrate effective leadership and it also demonstrates faulty leadership. Useem breaks down what each leader did accurately, but also their mishaps.

Roy Vagelos attacks river blindness:

    River blindness is a disease that affects twenty million people worldwide, a third of a million are completely blind, and can cut the life expectancy by a third or more. This disease is a plague on the health of humans, but also in the economic development in the affected areas. The disease is spread flies that breed in fast moving rivers or streams. Similar to the way malaria is spread, the flies carry parasites and once biting a victim they transmit eggs which turn into worms that can reach up to two feet and can live for up to fourteen years in a human host. A human host can carry as many as 200 million microscopic worms. The result is severe itching of the eyes and them progressive blindness. There were two drugs on the market that were administered by the WHO, but the side effects had proven to be lethal in some cases. The WHO had been going down all avenues to reduce the potential victims, but nothing seemed advantageous.
    Roy Vagelos was a senior executive of the pharmaceutical company Merck, and when his research team discovered a potential cure for river blindness Vagelos was excited at the possibility of saving so many lives. He knew that he was faced with a major dilemma. He could produce a drug that could save millions of lives, but would not produce any commercial value. After much debate for human testing and clinical trials, he got the drug ready for distribution to the world’s most impoverished people. Mectizan worked, it was proven to prevent and help cure the disease.
    The shareholders of the company were outraged. The company was spending millions of dollars a day creating a drug with a customer base that could not pay. Vagelos decided, after must consideration, to give the drug away. He wanted to live by the motto that health succeeds wealth and run a socially responsible company. Merck’s goal became to have company that put patients before profit. In the end, Merck development and distribution of the drug became known to be “one of the century’s greatest medical triumphs”.

Wagner Dodge retreats in Mann Gulch:

Wagner Dodge was faced with a moment and a decision that would last and haunt him a lifetime. He and 15 firefighters under his command would be parachuted into Mann Gulch to fight the blaze. The team was advancing without a map or radio. Before and after being dropped, Dodge did not give any clear instruction or give any insight at all. So, his men went to fight the flames without having a clear plan. The team was engulfed in flames and began to retreat. Dodge ahead of the team decided to create a “backfire”, but failed to inform his team. The firefighters ran past, not knowing what he was doing, and all but two perished in the flames.

Dodge exhibited poor communicate which caused his team to die in the fire. His men were left to fend for themselves, because Dodge lacked leadership skills. He should have created a bond between the men, and should have made a point to stand out as the leader of the group. Instead, he didn’t say much of anything to anyone. The Board of Review concluded that his men would have survived if they had gone into the backfire with Dodge, but since he had not established himself as the leader his judgments and decisions were questioned by the men. Many of the men were newcomers; he should have shared his knowledge with them and had provided early training. In the end, Wagner Dodge’s poor leadership accounted for 13 men’s lives and is considered one of the worst fire fighting disasters in Forest Service history.

Eugene Kranz returns Apollo 13 to Earth:

    The spaceship Odyssey had only been in flight for fifty-five hours before NASA’s Mission Control heard, “Hey, we’ve got a problem here.” The flight director, Eugene Kranz, had to quickly find the problem and problem-solve solutions. The ship was quickly losing power and oxygen. Eugene completely reformed the team to solve the problem.  He would not take “no” for an answer, and didn’t put doubt in his mind. They decided that they must use the moons gravitational pull to slingshot around the moon. Many people doubted this plan, in response; Kranz removed them from the team. He pressed for solutions and had a positive attitude throughout. His motto, “Failure is not an option” is known all over the world.
    Eugene Kranz was able to do the impossible; he was able to safely get the astronauts home. Kranz expected the best and had high expectations when it mattered the most. Fast decision making and making sure everyone had the same goal was essential for his success. Kranz had developed a team that he knew could get the job done, and eliminated all threats to the success of the mission. He knew that maintaining collective optimism and having teamwork would prove to be the best way to get the astronauts home. Kranz displayed great leadership and had unshakable faith in his mission. He received NASA’s Distinguished Service Metal, Presidential Metal of Freedom, and a metal for Outstanding Leadership.

Arlene Blum Ascends Annapurna:

    Arlene Blum wanted to lead an expedition for women all over the world by creating the first all female team to climb Annapurna, a mountain in the Himalayas. Blum was leading a cause, and was undaunted by the risk from the mountain itself and from the reaction from the media. She created a team of 10 climbers who all encompassed the same vision. They months ascending the mountain, and in that time Blum was concerned with creating friendships that actually being a leader. So, when there was a time for a leadership decision, there was always fighting among the group. The team questioned her decisions and continuously undermined her.

In the end, two of the women died in an avalanche. Blum knew the dangers, but wanted to make everyone happy so she ignored the risk and let the two women ascend to the summit. Blum should have been assertive in her leadership, and not continuously wanted feedback from the other climber. In doing this, she showed weakness and put doubt in the women’s minds. Being a good leader doesn’t always entail making decisions that everyone will like. In Blum’s case she should have been more focused and determined to keep in control of the group. According to Blum, the all female ascend up Annapurna has an enduring legacy that “a group of ordinary people, when they share a vision, can take on an incredible challenge and do things they never dreamed possible.”

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain defends Little Round Top:

    The battle of Gettysburg is one of the most memorable in US history, and for Joshua Chamberlain this would prove to be a moment were great leadership was required. Chamberlain did not have a military background, but would lead one of the greatest victories in the war. Chamberlain, a teacher from Maine, was low on troop and morale, he knew that his troops would be needed in upcoming battles, so he plead for more troops and supplies. His requests were granted, but not how he had envisioned. The troops sent to him were mutineers, and he was told to shoot any who try to flee. Chamberlain not sure what to do, decided to give a speech to the men. In this famous speech, he told the troops that he needed them, their cause was just, they were joined together fro one another, the challenge was critical, cutbacks were not in the future, and he will ensure their autonomy. His speech turned his mutineers into soldiers. At the battle Chamberlain did not agree with his commanding officers. So, he changed the plan and transformed his strategic vision into reality.
    Chamberlain was considered one of the best generals in the civil war, even though he had no prior training. Chamberlain was determined to succeed, and he spent time reading military books and learning from other military leaders. He faced challenges head on and did not cower away from the crisis’s he was faced with. Chamberlain was able to unite his men and construct a plan to win the battle. The opposing general said that Chamberlain was one of the greatest commanders of the war. Joshua Chamberlain is an example of how leadership is learned. He had the drive and ambition to be a true leader.

Clifton Wharton Restructures TIAA-CREF:

TIAA-CREF was the nationwide retirement system for college and university professors. The company gave individuals no control over their retirement funds, and they were essentially stuck with the company. With the development of other companies that let customers have more freedom, TIAA-CREF was losing market share and popularity. The executives knew that a change must occur if the company wanted to stay successful, so they hired Clifton Wharton to restructure the company. He was a trained economist, but had run neither a financial nor an insurance firm. He wasted little time; he wanted to transform the company from top to bottom. He completely transformed the company; creating a company that people wanted to invest in and a company that people wanted to work for. Employees and customers came first to Wharton, not the wallets of the executives.

Wharton turned and institution into a company. The employees and the media respected Wharton because he had an admirable character. He possessed the leadership skill to listen. He gave everyone the utmost respect. This organization had no inside loyalty, but with Wharton’s leadership style he was quickly acquire it. Wharton cared about the success of the company, and that showed in his work. Clifton Wharton led by example.

John Gutfreund loses Salomon Inc:

    John Gutfreund was the chairman and chief executive officer of Salomon Inc, which was one of Wall Streets richest companies. When being informed that one of his officers was practicing in illegal trading, Gutfreund disregarded the mishap and his officer got a slap on the wrist. Gutfreund had always been a well-respected businessman, and had always tried to practice good business ethics. In this situation, he failed to act which in the end turned out to be disastrous. After another incident, he finally informed the US treasury, which was too late for the company.
    Gutfreund and Salomon Inc. experienced no mercy from the US government. The company was portrayed as being a scandalous corporation that lacked moral or ethical value. Gutfreund lacked leadership; he should have reprimanded the employee the moment it happened. Instead, he let the actions go unpunished, and as a result, they occurred again. The individuals at the top of the organizational chart are at the most risk and therefore should attempt to make the best decisions possible. Gutfreund lack of action and lack of leadership caused damaging effects to his company.

Nancy Barry builds Women’s World Banking:

    Nancy Barry had always been concerned with the health and advancement of people in third world countries. She spent her career trying to better the lives of others. Barry was chief of the World Bank’s Industrial Development Division, and in this position she felt that she could not achieve the goals she wanted. Barry concluded that the World Bank was concerned about profit and not about the customer. So when given the opportunity to join Women World Banking, she did not hesitate. With her main goal being the advancement of women in third world countries Barry transformed as well as expanded the company. Barry gave these women the opportunity to succeed and become more self-sustaining.
    Nancy Barry knew that one small loan could change a woman’s life forever. She had built her life around helping the less fortunate. She had a clear goal of where she wanted the company to goal, and used her precise leadership skills to make it happen. She didn’t follow the traditional norms, and transformed a small company into one that now helps millions of women every year. Barry was an effective leader because she knew exactly what she wanted, and she went for it.

Alfredo Cristiani ends El Salvador’s Civil War:

    El Salvador had been a country torn between a civil war for many years. There didn’t seem like there was any solution because both sides, the government and the rebels, were unfaltering and would not surrender. Knowing the country would be overrun and was full of strife; the government decided they needed a new leader. They choose Cristiani because he was from a non-political background and was a former coffee grower. Neither side had reason to oppose Cristiani. He was appalled by the escalation of violence and the economic system being in ruins. Cristiani remained calm in stressful situations and had a passion for achievement.
    Both, the rebels and the government were exhausted, but neither side was willing to surrender.  So, Cristiani decided that a truce to be formed to eliminate more bloodshed. He treated the rebel officers with respect and put them into office. There were also removal of abusive officers, the government was reestablished, and the country revamped. Cristiani had superb leadership in the fact he held his composure when faced with tough situations. He delegated authority and what he wanted effectively. Cristiani saved El Salvador from destroying itself.

The Video Lounge

This video introduces Michael Useem. It tells a little about him and his profession. The video also explains about the challenges of leadership. The video is short but it is straight to the point.

I added this video because it’s quite funny. This guy added a video for each chapter and really took it way to seriously. I felt that since the other video is extremely serious I needed to add some humor.

Personal Insights

Why I think:

• The author is one of the most brilliant people around because: Michael Useem was able to show the reader what traits and actions that constitute good leadership and poor leadership. His evaluation of these leaders gives managers a template to go by. Leadership is the most important trait a manager should possess, and Useem demonstrated in this book the importance of good leadership. Being an effective leader can determine the success or failure of your company, and he provided the reader with helpful tips to follow when wanting to have good management and leadership skills.

• If I were the author of the book, I would have done these three things differently:

1.     If I were the author of the book, I would have included a few more stories to reference bad leadership. Bad leadership can be easily avoidable, and I feel that he should have included more accounts of leaders demonstrating bad leadership skills. A manager should be equipped to deal with all scenarios.

2.    If I were the author of the book, I would have included more historical quotes from great leaders throughout the generations, such as Winston Churchill. Men and woman who have demonstrated great leadership should be remembered and studied. I feel that figures like Churchill have a lot to offer managers. Therefore, the author should have included more significant leadership moments.

3.    If I were the author of the book I would have included more information on how to be an effective leader. I felt that his run down of what was done right or wrong was rushed. The overview of the leadership should have been more in depth and through.

• Reading this book made me think differently about the topic in these ways:

1.    Reading this book has given me a greater appreciation of what effective leadership is. Good leaders are not easy to come by; therefore, they should be well respected. I have come to realize that not all managers are leaders, and most should be given a course to take.

2.    Reading this book has made me understand the effective and non-effective forms of leadership. The do’s and don’ts in the business world. Leadership is a trait that people are born with or is something they acquire over time. Either way it is essential to the success of a company.

3.    After reading this book, I now know that bad leadership is not always intentional or done by unethical people. People make mistakes, and uncontrollable things happen. It’s the way people react to these things which determines whether or not they are a leader. Inaction can be the same as inept action.

• I’ll apply what I’ve learned in this book in my career by:

1.    I’ll apply what I have learned in this book to my career by always trying to get my point across clearly and effectively. Getting your point across and letting your team know what your expectations are is essential to the survival and success of the company. Having good communication is a valuable trait to have.

2.    I know now to always expect the highest expectations, and not settle for less. Always like to be an optimist and not let your team know if you have doubts. You want to maintain a sense of control and discipline in front of your team. If they sense doubt, they might start to doubt your leadership and commitment to the team.

3.    Another thing that I have learned is to always have good ethics. Employees and customers want to be able to trust the company. When ethics is questioned, the company overall is questioned. Having good integrity and morals is important for running a business and having a loyal customers and employees.

• Here is a sampling of what others have said about the book and its author: Michael Useem is a respected author and a professor of management and Director of the center for Leadership and Change Management at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Many view his work as being very informative and as being an effective tool for good leadership. Most critics agree with Useem’s books and find his work to be a step-by-step guide to achieving good leadership.

“Michael Useem . . . spells out in plain English the consequences of making hard and fast decisions, when they matter most and impact teams of people. There are plenty of books on leadership, but few that explain how to take a team from one place to the next. This one is the best.” -Maria Bartiromo, journalist and CNBC anchor

“A really good story is a time-honored way to show how leaders respond to extreme challenges [and] that’s what Michael Useem delivers.”–USA Today

Useem is valued and his work appreciated among his colleagues.

Bibliography

1. Amazon(2012). The Leadership Moment: Nine True Stories of Triumph and Disaster and Their Lessons for Us All. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/The-Leadership-MomentDisasterebook/dp/B000FC1J1C/ref=dp_return_1?ie=UTF8&n=133140011&s=digital-text
2. Amazon(2012). The Go-Point. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/The-Go-Point-ebook/dp/B000JMKVGW
3. Baldoni, J.(2011, Dec. 12). The Secret to Good Leadership: Keeping it Simple. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505125_162-57341000/the-secret-to-good-leadership-keeping-it-simple/
4. Bodman, Jerry M.(2008). Emerging Leader. Retrieved from http://www.emergingleader.com/Michael_Useem_Interview.shtml
5.Useem, M. and Adelman, K. (2011, Feb. 22).  What You Get When You Give Power Away. Retrieved from http://views.washingtonpost.com/leadership/panelists/2011/02/what-you-get-when-you-give-power-away.html
6.Useem, M. (1998). The Leadership Moment: Nine True Stories of Triumph and Disaster and Their Lessons for Us All. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.

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Contact Info

To contact the author of this article, “A Management in a Minute Book Overview of The Leadership Moment by Michael Useem for Practicing and Aspiring Managers” please email jenice.jones@selu.edu.

About the Publisher  

David C. Wyld (dwyld.kwu@gmail.com) is the Robert Maurin Professor of Management at Southeastern Louisiana University in Hammond, Louisiana. He is a management consultant, researcher/writer, and executive educator. His blog, Wyld About Business, can be viewed at http://wyld-business.blogspot.com/. He also serves as the Director of the Reverse Auction Research Center (http://reverseauctionresearch.com/), a hub of research and news in the expanding world of competitive bidding. Dr. Wyld also maintains compilations of his student’s publications regarding:

• management concepts (http://toptenmanagement.blogspot.com/)
• book reviews (http://wyld-about-books.blogspot.com/) and
• international foods  (http://wyldaboutinternationalfoods.blogspot.com/)                                             

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