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16 weeks pregnant | second trimester

2020-01-13T16:37:00.000-08:00

16 weeks pregnant | second trimester

16 weeks baby development
16 weeks pregnant women body changes
Common symptoms
Tips for you

in the second trimester (16 weeks pregnant) fetus development

Facts about 16 weeks pregnant woman (second trimester)

In the next three weeks she'll go through a huge growth spurt, more than doubling her weight. As your baby grows in size, so does the placenta, which helps to support and nourish her.

Your baby’s tiny muscles are getting stronger! Your little one’s head is erect this week, and coordinated arm and leg movements are now starting to happen.

now your baby is about the size of a big AVOCADO (measuring 4.6 inches long and weighing in at 3.5 ounces)

The thrilling the thing about this time is you can feel the baby kick, which could happen to start this week.

The cool fact is your Baby starting to be able to hear your voice—and he or she will recognize it at birth.

16 weeks pregnant is three months and about three weeks pregnant.

16 weeks baby development

Umbilical cord: At this time the umbilical cord is fully developed. one vein and two arteries of the umbilical cord provide all the essential elements to the baby from the mother’s body and it also helps in removing all the toxic products from the fetus.

Hearing: Baby starting to be able to hear your voice—and he or she will recognize it at birth.

Taste buds start developing: Tiny pores on the tongue have developed, and your baby is tasting and swallowing salty amniotic fluid as practice for future meals.

Toenails: Little nails are starting to sprout on baby’s toes. They should be fully grown for around 34 weeks.

Facial muscles: facial muscle has is almost fully developed and the fetus starts to show few expression like frowns and squints, even at this early stage.

HEART starts to pump 28 liters of blood in a day.

16 weeks pregnancy

Body changes in 16 weeks pregnant females

This time is also regarded as the honeymoon phase of pregnancy. At this time a female sleeps more soundly and peacefully.
Doctors recommend you not to sleep at the backside at this time.
The pregnancy pillow is also recommended by doctors to give extra comfort to your body.
Hormones can also stretch the veins, leading to varicose veins.
You may experience cramps and sharp pains in the leg.
Exercising and stretching the legs during the day can help relieve these symptoms.

Common symptoms at 16 weeks pregnant.

Nose bleed: The mucous membranes in your nose also start to swell. This can leave you feeling pretty congested and even give you the odd nosebleed or two. If you’re really uncomfortable, ask your GP about pregnancy-safe nasal sprays, or try nasal strips.

Pregnancy glow: Increases of blood flow and the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin really do make some pregnant women look dewy and fabulous.

Shortness of breath: With more progesterone, your body is tricking you into breathing more often and more deeply to get oxygen in, so you may feel winded from time to time. Also as the baby grows, they will push on your lungs and make it hard to take full, deep breaths.

Backaches: Your aching back is a side effect of pregnancy hormones. To ease backaches, make some time for low-impact exercise. Sit and stand up straight and regularly stretch your body.

Bigger boobs: Your breasts have probably gone up several cup sizes by now and should be completely prepared for breastfeeding by the end of the second trimester.

Constipation: Getting constipation result of your uterus starting to press on your intestines. Load up on fiber-rich foods and drink lots of water to keep things moving.

Forgetfulness: This is also known as (Pregnancy-Brain). No one knows for sure what causes pregnant women to become more forgetful. It could be biological or it just could be a result of having lots on your mind!

Dry, itchy, sensitive eyes: it is the hormones fluctuations in you.

Dizziness: dizziness might be a side effect of hormones that cause a change in circulation during pregnancy. Try to stay hydrated, and avoid standing for long periods of time.

Tips for you.

The doctor will review options for genetic screening on the fetus.
This could involve
Simple blood tests or even amniocentesis.
Genetic screening.
Blood tests can identify neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.

What medications should I avoid in pregnancy?

Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

These can interfere with the process of blood clotting. In the last few weeks of pregnancy, they could also cause a problem with the baby’s heart and lungs.

The use of late in pregnancy, ibuprofen may interfere with labor or cause you to have less amniotic fluid (waters) around the baby. This is called oligohydramnios.

A small dose of aspirin is sometimes prescribed in pregnancy (by your obstetrician). This is considered to be safe.

9 weeks pregnant | miscarriage | ultrasound | changes occurs during 9 weeks of pregnancy.

2019-12-15T17:20:00.000-08:00

9 weeks pregnant | miscarriage | ultrasound | changes occurs during 9 weeks of pregnancy.

Things to be discussed.

9 weeks pregnant symptoms
Ultrasound
Changes are seen in 9 weeks pregnant mother
Changes are seen in the fetus at 9 weeks of pregnancy
Tips for you
miscarriage

Symptoms are seen at 9 weeks of pregnancy.

The common symptoms were seen at 9 weeks of pregnancy
nausea or vomiting.
frequent urination.
tender or tingly breasts.
fatigue.
dizziness.
irritability or unexpected emotions.
heartburn or constipation.
food aversions or cravings.
Indigestion
Metallic taste in the mouth
A heightened sense of smell
A milky white pregnancy discharge from your vagina
Light spotting (see your doctor if you get bleeding in pregnancy)
Cramping, a bit like period pains
Darkened skin on your face or brown patches - this is known as chloasma faciei or the “mask of pregnancy”
Thicker and shinier hair
Bloating and the feeling of being bloated

Now is the time when the developing young one is regarded as fetus not the embryo as the days pass by the fetus is growing in size and appears as a tadpole.

External features that can be noticed in the mother during the ninth week of pregnancy.

You will notice several changes in your body like,
The body appears healthier
Glow on face increases
You appear more pretty now than before pregnancy
Weight gain
You can probably feel your lower belly increase in size(baby bump)
The changes which can be noticed at this time
Facial features continue to develop this week like,
Growth of the nose is started
Growth of eyelids Up
little toes are now visible
Internal organs growth is also started such as
Digestive system
Reproductive system (testes or ovaries are growing)
Arms and legs are getting longer
Teeth and taste buds are also beginning to take shape.
Why should we use ultrasound during pregnancy?
Using ultrasound we can get very important information like,
Confirmation of the pregnancy
Development status of baby
Confirmation of the gestational age
Checking for multiple pregnancies
Congenital anomalies
Problems with the placenta
Monitoring fetal position
Fetal growth
Level of amniotic fluid

Other important uses of the sonogram.

Thanks to the latest technology we can see our baby inside the mother’s body. With the help of a sonogram we can make an in full print of the first photo of a baby and even 3D sonogram. The sonogram at the 9th week determines the thickness of the placenta and the general condition of the umbilical cord.

Using the Doppler we can hear the beating heart her baby. Determine the sex of a child in this period is unlikely, it is done a bit later - closer to the 12th week. But you can see on the screen your tiny miracle that is no longer the embryo but a fetus.

Changes are seen in 9 weeks pregnant mother

During this time period the levels of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), have been doubling in your body every two or three days. When you're 9 weeks pregnant, the hormone is at its peak. estrogen and progesterone is also at its peak point which helps to increase the blood supply to your womb, This could make you feel unwell, but it's also doing a great job keeping your baby firmly in place in the lining of your womb.

NOTE:- At this time sex of a baby can be determined by the help of ultrasound because his or her reproductive organs will start to develop this week.

Changes are seen in the fetus at 9 weeks of pregnancy

Now the size of the fetus is almost similar to the size of a cherry. At 9 weeks of pregnancy, the uterus is actively growing. Until the end of the period, it increases by 500 times compared to its original size. the foetus, is now around 22mm long from head to bottom. The fetus movement starts now, but you won’t be able to really feel these movements until later on in your pregnancy. Your body is also going through metabolic changes due to the effect of hormones. These changes include a lower blood sugar level and lower blood pressure.

Tips

In several cases, it is seen that libido is increased in you, but keep in mind avoid sex till the birth of your lovely young one.

Exercise daily

But keep in mind the exercise should be mild, which will not put any strain on your body. Always avoid jumping or any heavy exercise which will put too much strain on your joints.

You can practice

Yoga
Swimming
Aerobics

Put on comfortable clothes and undergarments which should not be tight to provide relaxation to your body.

It is the time to change your lifestyle your stomach is probably still feeling queasy, and smaller meals are more easily digested. It is time to have some healthy food. Always keep some healthy snacks with you so that you can improve your health by providing all the essential nutrients to your body.

boiled egg with wholemeal soldiers

hummus with carrot sticks

pitta bread with grated cheese

Stay hydrated – drink a little amount of water regularly after every half an hour.

This is the time when you feel very dull or less energetic so you whenever you feel less energized, have some rest.

What is a miscarriage? Why it happens?

Miscarriage is the premature or not fully developed form of the fetus from the mother's body. Miscarriage can be observed in the first trimester of pregnancy as a result of an immune conflict between the mother's organism and the fetus. As a result, there is a disruption of the functions of the future placenta and the developing of antibodies to "foreign" cells of the body. In this case, the chorion is destroyed, and the fetal egg is expelled from the uterine cavity. The process is accompanied by bleeding of varying degrees - often it is profuse bleeding.

Symptoms of miscarriage?

With miscarriages in the first trimester occur pulling pains in the lower abdomen, reddish-brown spotting or bleeding appear, sometimes there is a desire for urination and defecation. And the fetus fully or partially comes out from the uterine cavity with clots of blood.

False labor pain | Braxton Hicks contractions.

2019-11-12T14:00:00.000-08:00

False labor pain| Braxton Hicks contractions.

false labor or Braxton hicks contraction

If you are pregnant and going through the third trimester you might have noticed several times infrequent, irregular, and involve only mild cramping. This intermittent uterine contraction usually occurs every 10 to 20 minutes and it is also known as false labor or Braxton hicks contraction.

These irregular uterine contractions are perfectly normal and might start to occur from your fourth month of pregnancy.

How does false labor or Braxton hicks contraction feel like?

false labor or Braxton hicks contraction feel like do not occurs regularly and these contractions can be described as tightening in the abdomen that comes and goes.

How to differentiate between true labor pain and "false" labor pains or Braxton Hicks contractions?

Usually, real labor contractions feel like a pain or the pressure that starts in the back and moves to the front of your lower abdomen. Unlike the ebb and flow of Braxton Hicks, true labor contractions feel steadily more intense over time. During true labor contractions, your belly will tighten and feel very hard. Some moms-to-be liken these contractions to menstrual cramps.

Real labor vary from women to women but there are something which is common among them

are noticeably, and increasingly and stays longer
are more regular
are more frequent
are painful
increase in intensity.

Braxton hicks contraction also vary from women to woman but the common thing they are as follows,

vary in length and strength
happen infrequently, are unpredictable and non-rhythmic
are more uncomfortable than painful
do not increase in frequency, duration or intensity
lessen and then disappear, only to reappear at some time in the future.

Nearer to the end of your pregnancy, Braxton Hicks contractions may form more of a pattern and increase in frequency and intensity. Lots of women often mistake Braxton Hicks contractions for the start of labor. But, unlike labor contractions, Braxton Hicks contractions do not cause the cervix to open (dilate).

When do Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor starts?

false labor or Braxton hicks contraction

False pregnancy or Braxton Hicks contractions can begin any time it is usually noticed after the onset of week 20 of pregnancy in the second trimester and they are more noticeable in the third trimester of pregnancy. They'll increase through week 32 all the way until real labor starts. The symptoms of false pregnancy vary from person to person. Once you get closer to your estimated due date, they will become more frequent or intense, this pain and contraction will persist for a long duration of time, this time you feel symptoms like real labor pain.

NOTE: Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor are not noticed in every woman.

When to consult a doctor?

In the case of vaginal bleeding
continuous leaking of fluid or wetness
If your contractions are increasing in intensity and frequency and you notice more than four in an hour, you may be in true labor.
If you feel these pain near about the time of 38weeks or 39 weeks (pregnancy weeks closer to the due date of pregnancy) you must consult a doctor because it can be the risk of preterm labor.

Remedy for Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor?

There is no fixed treatment or labor for Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor but there are some ways by which Braxton Hicks contractions can be treated.

Taking rest if you were doing any hard work.
Practicing yoga if you were inactive or not doing any physical work for long hours.
Always try to rehydrate (always drink some amount of water hourly).
Have warm bath
Take massage
Take quick nap in a very comfortable position
Go for urination if you feel like your bladder is full.

Factors that affects Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor.

Dehydration can make muscle spasm, bringing on a contraction, and is thought to be a factor in extended Braxton Hicks contractions. Adequate hydration can alleviate Braxton Hicks contractions.
Rhythmic breathing may alleviate the discomfort of Braxton Hicks contractions.
Lying down on the left side can help ease the pain of contractions.
A slight change in movement sometimes makes the contractions disappear.
A full bladder can sometimes trigger Braxton Hicks, so urination may end the contractions.

TEENAGE PREGNANCY.| ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

2019-11-09T08:26:00.000-08:00

TEENAGE PREGNANCY.

teenage pregnancy

According to the data of world health organization on teenage pregnancy. Adolescent or teenage pregnancy is a global problem that occurs most often in poorer and marginalized communities. Many girls face considerable pressure to marry early and become mothers while they are still a child.

Some data from WHO on teenage pregnancy.

teenage pregnancy data by WHO

Approximately 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 years and 2.5 million girls under 16 years give birth each year in developing regions.

Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for 15 to 19 yea-old girls globally.
Every year, some 3.9 million girls aged 15 to 19 years undergo unsafe abortions.
Adolescent mothers (ages 10 to 19 years) face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women aged 20 to 24 years.

Being a father or a mother in the teenage is like a horrible dream for every teenager. Unfortunately, many teenagers delay in taking proper advice when they are pregnant, perhaps hoping that it is not true. For those who choose to continue with the pregnancy these delays can mean missing out on important antenatal care and they are not ready for further complications like post-natal care, emotional stress, or financial stress. But it’s important that you get medical attention. Teenagers have higher rates of complications in pregnancy and childbirth because of not fully developed reproductive organs and are at higher risk of postnatal depression and further complications. It’s also important that you eat properly and stop drinking and smoking during your pregnancy.

Because of emotional stress, financial problem, and lack of proper advice they choose the wrong path in either maintaining pregnancy or terminating pregnancy.

If someone is pregnant either teen or adult they have the following choices.

teenage pregnancy stress

continue the pregnancy and raise your the child with a partner
continue the pregnancy and raise your child on your own
continue the pregnancy followed by the adoption
end the pregnancy (termination)

But in case of teenage, most of the people choose termination but because of lack of proper information they chose the wrong way and due to this several complications occur.

What is termination of pregnancy(Abortion)?

abortion

It is the removal of pregnancy tissue, which is the products of fertilization that develops into an embryo or the fetus and placenta (afterbirth) from the uterus. Usually, the terms fetus and placenta are used after eight weeks of pregnancy. Pregnancy tissue and products of conception refer to tissue produced by the union of an egg and sperm before eight weeks.

In the case of termination you need to have it before you are 14 weeks pregnant but it may be able to be done up to around 20 weeks and 24 weeks in some states but in case of delay, severe complications may occur. Girls must be able to make their own decisions about their bodies and futures and have access to appropriate healthcare services and education.

What are the ways to terminate teenage pregnancy?

we must accept it that we are Asian countries confused nation, passing through a transition of being Proud Asians vs. Liberated West. Govt. made MTP legal under certain conditions, which was debated over the years in Parliament, and most of the people are not able to fulfill all the requirements finalized by the parliament specially for the teenagers.

Here are some ways of medically terminated pregnancy.

Oral mifepristone (Mifeprex) and oral misoprostol (Cytotec).
Oral mifepristone and vaginal, buccal or sublingual misoprostol’
Methotrexate and vaginal misoprostol.
Vaginal misoprostol alone.
Surgical method

But we should be aware of the fact that we should not perform these medications without proper checkup of girl and without consulting a doctor because pills are not safe and it may lead to a severe medical condition to girl. No doctor is required to perform an elective abortion and that in some states there are certain legal requirements and waiting periods you must follow before having an elective abortion.

If you're considering medical abortion, meet with your doctor to discuss the procedure. Your doctor will likely:

Check the patient's medical history and overall health
Confirm pregnancy with a test
Do an ultrasound exam to date the pregnancy and confirm it's not outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy) and not a tumor that developed in the uterus (molar pregnancy)
Do blood and urine tests
Explain how the procedure works, the side effects, and possible risks and complications.

If you are performing abortion through medication through pills you must aware of these things.

Pregnancy should not be more than 70 days.
The girl may have bleeding problems.
Medication may cause chronic adrenal failure or is taking certain steroid medications
Has uncontrolled seizure disorder (for misoprostol)

What are the risk of abortion we must know and what are the side-effects and risk factors of abortion. Risk factors of medical abortion include:

Incomplete abortion, which may need to be followed by surgical abortion
An ongoing unwanted pregnancy if the procedure doesn't work
Heavy bleeding
Infection
Fever
Digestive system discomfort

Now the main question arises that what is the main thing we must know after the abortion that would be safe & it will not lead to any complication in the girl.

After any type of abortion either through medication or by the surgical method we must visit the doctor so that the doctor can evaluate the condition of the girl so that the girl can live a healthy life.

These are some points which require special attention after the abortion.

Heavy bleeding — soaking two or more pads an hour for two hours
Severe abdominal or back pain
Fever lasting more than 24 hours
Foul-smelling vaginal discharge

HOW DOES TEENAGE PREGNANCY AFFECT GIRLS?

Teenage pregnancy remains a major contributor to maternal and child mortality. Complications relating to pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 globally. Pregnant girls and adolescents also face other health risks and complications due to their immature bodies. Babies born to younger mothers are also at greater risk. pregnancy and childbirth are neither planned. Adolescent pregnancy can also have negative social and economic effects on girls, their families, and communities. Unmarried pregnant adolescents may face stigma or rejection by parents and peers as well as threats of violence.

Prenatal Vitamins

2019-10-25T06:07:00.000-07:00

Prenatal vitamins

prenatal devlopment

For every woman pregnancy is one of the most exciting time for them and at this time a woman should take care of her and her growing baby. Prenatal vitamins are made for people who are pregnant or are trying to get pregnant or women who are breastfeeding, need more of certain vitamins and minerals than other people, especially folic acid

Why a woman need to take a prenatal vitamin.

Even if a women eating a healthy diet, there is a probability she may be missing important nutrients. A prenatal vitamin will fill in those gaps. It will also help support your baby’s growth and development. Taking a daily pill can even help prevent neural tube defects anemia and several other diseases. But before taking any pills you must consult a doctor so that pills will not cause any complication and toxication.

Composition of prenatal vitamins.

folic acid
iron
calcium
vitamins D, C, A, and E
zinc
copper

Do You Need Prenatal Vitamins?

The need multivitamin won’t cut it when you’re pregnant. Prenatal vitamins are specially designed multivitamins that deliver the extra amounts of nutrients needed during various stages of your baby’s development. For example, they contain folic acid, which is important for baby’s brain development in the earliest stages. And they have vitamin D and calcium to build strong bones and teeth during the third trimester of pregnancy.

And, prenatal vitamins help make sure you have enough nutrients such as iron and calcium, to not only provide to your baby but so your own body doesn’t become depleted.

What is the right time to take prenatal vitamins?

Normally, you should start taking prenatal vitamins at least 30 days before conception and throughout your entire pregnancy from 4 weeks pregnant to whenever labor and birth starts. In fact, it’s often best to take a prenatal vitamin every day if there’s a chance you could get pregnant at all, even if you’re not planning for it. That’s because crucial neurological development takes place during the first month of pregnancy when folic acid would offer the most protective benefits. (If you are trying to conceive and think you might be pregnant, check out our guide to the best pregnancy tests.) Prenatal vitamins are readily available over the counter and a prescription is generally unnecessary but still, we will recommend you consult a doctor.

Every vitamin can differ in the types and amounts of nutrients it contains because specific vitamin ingredients aren’t regulated by the FDA. If the vitamin you choose doesn’t contain the full recommended daily amount of a nutrient, be sure to eat foods that are high in that vitamin or mineral.

When shopping for prenatal vitamins look for these four primary nutrients that are especially important during pregnancy (amounts are per day and recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists):

Folic acid: 600 mcg
Iron: 27 mg
Calcium: 1,000 mg (note: most prenatal vitamins don’t contain this much calcium, so you if don’t get enough from your diet, talk to your doctor about taking a separate calcium supplement)
Vitamin D: 600 IU

The following vitamins are also essential during pregnancy, and you may not get enough of them through diet alone. Having these in your prenatals are helpful too:

Vitamin A: 770 mcg (Note: The safest form of Vitamin A is beta-carotene or other carotenoids.)
Vitamin C: 85 mg
Vitamin B6: 1.9 mg
Vitamin B12: 2.6 mcg

Benefits of taking prenatal vitamins.

Taking specific prenatal vitamins may reduce the risk of complications, for both the mother and the developing fetus as well as help a mother go full term.

Folic acid

Folic acid, also known as folate, is well recognized for its value in the prevention of certain birth defects. It may have another important health benefit. A large study showed that women who consumed more folic acid had a significantly reduced risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension).

Folic acid is one of the B vitamins found in foods such as leafy green vegetables, fruits, dried beans, and peas. A synthetic form of folic acid is used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Folic acid acts by helping the body produce and maintain new cells. In particular, red blood cell formation is dependent upon adequate levels of this vitamin. Folic acid deficiency is a known cause of anemia in both adults and children. Folate may also help cells resist changes in their DNA associated with the development of cancer.

Iron

Iron is important in making red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body.

A lack of iron can lead to iron deficiency anemia.

Good sources of iron include:

nuts
dried fruit
brown rice
liver (but avoid this during pregnancy)
meat
beans
soy bean flour
most dark-green leafy vegetables

How much iron do I need?

The amount of iron you need is:

8.7mg a day for men over 18
14.8mg a day for women aged 19 to 50
8.7mg a day for women over 50

Calcium

Your developing baby needs calcium to build strong bones and teeth; to grow a healthy heart, nerves, and muscles; and to develop a normal heart rhythm and blood-clotting abilities. If you don't get enough calcium in your diet when you're pregnant, your baby will draw it from your bones, which may impair your own health later on. Women’s calcium requirements do not increase during pregnancy. Women over 18 years of age need 1,000 mg a day before, during, and after pregnancy. Women 18 years and under need 1,300 mg.

During pregnancy, women’s bodies absorb calcium more efficiently from their diet. However, most Australian women don't get nearly enough of this important mineral.

Vitamin D, C, A, E

Vitamin D modulates contraction, inflammation and remodeling tissue. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to multiple diseases and several data have demonstrated a strong relationship between serum vitamin D levels and tissue function. Therapy targeting vitamin D3 signaling may provide new approaches for infectious and inflammatory skin diseases by affecting both innate and adaptive immune functions. Mast cells are activated by oxidized lipoproteins, resulting in increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and suggesting that the reduction of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by vitamin E may also reduce mast cell activation. Vitamin C is also an anti-oxidant well-known as an anti-scurvy agent in humans. Vitamin C inhibits peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and acts as a scavenger of free radicals and is also required for the synthesis of several hormones and neurotransmitters. In humans, vitamin C reduces the duration of common cold symptoms, even if its effect is not clear. Supplementation of vitamin C improves the function of the human immune system, such as antimicrobial and natural killer cell activities, lymphocyte proliferation, chemotaxis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Vitamin C depletion has been correlated with histaminemia which has been shown to damage endothelial-dependent vasodilation. However, the impact of these vitamins on allergy and inflammation is still not well understood.

Third trimester weeks

2019-10-23T06:28:00.001-07:00

Third trimester weeks

ULTRASOUND SHOWING 3rd TRIMESTER.

Pregnancy stages have three trimesters, each of which is marked by specific fetal developments. A pregnancy is considered full-term at 40 weeks; infants delivered before the end of week 37 are considered premature. Premature infants may have problems with their growth and development, as well as difficulties in breathing and digesting.

In other words, your third trimester lasts from the month 7 through month 9 of pregnancy. The third trimester begins in the week 28 of pregnancy and lasts until you give birth, which may be around the week 40 of pregnancy.

Your little one will get a whole lot larger in the third trimester, the fetus grows about 2 1/2 pounds and 16 inches long in week 28 of pregnancy to between 6 and 9 pounds and 19 to 22 inches long in week 40. Indeed, your baby is growing fast — so don't be surprised if his increase in size (along with a decrease in living space) leads to some serious kicks and pokes in your gut.

Here are some changes which can be seen in the baby (growing fetus)

DOCTOR DOING ULTRASOUND

Changes in Bones:

As your baby transforms cartilage to bone in months 7 and 8, he’ll be getting all of her calcium from you — so be sure to eat plenty of calcium-rich foods.

Changes in skin, hairs, and nails:

By week 32 of pregnancy, baby’s formerly see-through skin will become opaque. In week 36, fat continues to accumulate as your baby sheds his vernix (the waxy substance that protects his skin from your amniotic fluid) and lanugo (the hairy coat that keeps him warm in there).

Changes in Digestive system:

In the final weeks of pregnancy, meconium — or baby’s first poop, consisting mostly of blood cells, vernix, and lanugo — starts to build up in baby’s intestines.

Changes in Five senses:

Your baby’s touch receptors will be fully developed around week 29 or week 30. By week 31 of pregnancy, your baby will get signals from all five senses, perceiving light and dark, tasting what you eat, and listening to the sound of your voice.

Changes in Brain:

In the third trimester your baby’s brain will grow faster than ever, test-driving some nifty skills including blinking, dreaming and regulating his own body temperature.

Around week 34 of pregnancy, baby’s body turns southward, settling into a heads-down, bottom-up position — unless, of course, your baby remains stubbornly in the breech position (in which case your doctor will likely attempt to manually turn baby around week 37).

Changes that can be seen in the body.

You may be getting a bit of heartburn and indigestion. That's your growing baby and hormones creating havoc with your digestive system.

Your back will also be under strain, thanks to all the extra weight you're now carrying around. It won't help that your joints and ligaments are also looser than usual.

Your ankles, feet, and face could be puffing out a bit, particularly when it's hot. This is probably due to water retention, but get it checked out, just in case it's pre-eclampsia. This is a condition where you may feel perfectly well, but then your blood pressure can get dangerously high, very quickly.

What are the precautions which must be taken during third trimester weeks of pregnancy.

Here are three ways you can protect your unborn baby during the third trimester weeks…

1. Don't take any medicine without consulting a doctor.

2. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, particularly if you're in contact with children or nappies, as they could carry a virus called CMV (cytomegalovirus).

3. Don't empty your cat litter tray and wear gloves when you're gardening. That's because cat poo can contain a bug that causes dangerous toxoplasmosis infection.

4. If you haven't had chickenpox let your doctor or midwife know if you come into contact with anyone who could be infectious. The disease can be spread up to two days before spots appear, until five days afterward. It's safest for you when there are no new blisters or moist crusts on the spots.

Things which can be noticed in the third trimester weeks of pregnancy.

Your signs of pregnancy could also include:

sleeping problems
bloating and constipation
leg cramps
feeling hot
dizziness
swollen hands and feet
urine infections
vaginal infections
darkened skin on your face or brown
greasier, spotty skin
stretch marks
swollen and bleeding gums
piles
headaches
backache
indigestion and heartburn
thicker and shinier hair

weekly development of the baby the third trimester.

28 Weeks: Eyes Wide Open

When you are 28 weeks pregnant, your little one can open and close his eyes, and can even sense changes in light.

30 Weeks: Shedding Hairs

During the second trimester your baby grew a coat of fine hair, called lanugo, all over his body. Your baby may start to shed this hair sometime soon. But don’t be surprised if you notice a little leftover lanugo when your baby is born; some babies are born with patches on their shoulders, ears, and back. Around this week of pregnancy, your baby may also, start to grow normal hair on his head.

31 Weeks: Controlling Body Temperature

Your baby’s brain is maturing and growing rapidly this week. It can now control her body temperature, so she no longer has to rely on the temperature of your amniotic fluid for temperature control.

34 Weeks: Turning Head Down

Around the time you’re 34 weeks pregnant, or soon after, your little one will most likely turn head down in preparation for birth. She's getting ready for her big journey!

39 Weeks: Full-Term Baby

By the time you reach 39 weeks, your baby is considered full term. Of course, she’ll continue to grow, and major organs like the lungs and brain will continue to develop in the years to come, but she’s ready for the outside world now.

Safe medicine During Pregnancy

2019-10-17T18:40:00.000-07:00

Safe medicine During Pregnancy

safe medicine during pregnancy

For a woman who wants to have a baby, pregnancy is the most important phase of life. At this time she has to be very careful about her health. Like what to eat and what to avoid in diet, and not only in diet but in everything like medicine, exercise, etc.

You may have noticed that your pregnancy has come with its own share of physical challenges. There is bloating, joint pains and even sleep deprivation. But any of these shouldn’t be the reason to just pop pills without your doctor’s recommendation. But in the case of using the medicine, everyone has to follow a simple rule and the rule is to consult a doctor.

Many women take micronutrient supplements before, during and after pregnancy to ensure they and their babies are receiving adequate vitamins and minerals. A common one is a folic acid, which prevents birth defects in the baby’s brain and spinal cord.

Many women also take medications for pregnancy-related conditions such as morning sickness bloating, joint pains and even sleep deprivation. But pills that were seemingly harmless and helpful before pregnancy can be very dangerous for you and your growing baby during these nine months. This makes it crucial for you to know what medications to avoid during pregnancy. But we should keep in mind that sometimes medication has a very harmful effect on a fetus it may cause several birth defects in developing child-like mental disorder body deformity improper functioning of organs.

What to avoid?

Some anticancer drugs and immune-system-modifying medicines like those used for rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease should be avoided because they could affect fetal immunity or cell growth.

Aspirin.

Unless specifically prescribed by your physician.

Alcohol.

alochol

Alcohol in chronic or high doses can cause fetal alcohol syndrome, where offspring show differences in their face and head, are smaller or shorter than average and have learning and behavioral difficulties.

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil).

Other medications such as the epilepsy drug phenytoin, the anticoagulant warfarin, the mood stabilizers valproate and lithium (to treat bipolar disorder) have all been linked to severe birth defects.

Herbs, minerals, amino acids, and regular vitamins.

· Thalidomide.

Used in the late 1950s to treat morning sickness, thalidomide was found to cause severe limb defects.

· Isotretinoin

(sold as Accutane, now Absorica, Amnesteem, Claravis, Myorisan, Zenatane) taken for acne

Vitamin A derivatives from supplements or medicines (such as etretinate and isotretinoin) have been found to cause malformations of the head, heart, brain and spinal cord in significant dosages.

Safe Medications to Take During Pregnancy

Allergy

• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

• Loratadine (Claritin)

• Steroid nasal spray (Rhinocort)

Cold and Flu

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

• Saline nasal drops or spray

• Warm salt/water gargle

Constipation

• Colace

• Metamucil

Rashes

• Benadryl cream

• Caladryl lotion or cream

• Hydrocortisone cream or ointment

• Oatmeal bath (Aveeno)

Contact your doctor before taking these in the first trimester.

Other things which we must avoid during pregnancy.

Avoid alcohol
Avoid caffeine (no more than one cup of coffee or tea per day)
Avoid smoking
Avoid illegal drugs
cat litter, which can carry a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis
Avoid raw fish or smoked seafood
Avoid shark, swordfish, mackerel, or white snapper fish (they have high levels of mercury)
Avoid raw sprouts
Avoid unpasteurized milk or other dairy products
strenuous exercise or strength training that could cause an injury to your stomach.

Type of Remedy: Allergy

Safe Medications to Take During Pregnancy

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Loratidine (Claritin)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Type of Remedy: Cold and Flu

Safe Medications to Take During Pregnancy

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
Guaifenesin (Mucinex)
Vicks Vapor Rub mentholated cream
Mentholated or non-mentholated cough drops
(Sugar-free cough drops for gestational diabetes should not contain blends of herbs or aspartame)
Pseudoephedrine (after 1st trimester)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Saline nasal drops or spray
Warm salt/water gargle

In general, doctors say it is usually safe to take:

Acetaminophen (such as Tylenol) for fever and pain.
Penicillin and some other antibiotics.
HIV medicines.
Some allergy medicines, including loratadine (such as Alavert and Claritin) and diphenhydramine (such as Benadryl).
Some medicines for high blood pressure.
Most asthma medicines.

Which nutrients are most important during pregnancy?

1. Folic acid

2. Iron

3. Calcium

4. Vitamin D

5. DHA

6. Iodine

Trimester weeks | Second trimester pregnancy

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Trimester weeks | Second-trimester pregnancy

second-trimester pregnancy

The second trimester is, for many women, the easiest three months of pregnancy. Pregnancy stages have three trimesters, and further, it can be categorized into trimester weeks each of which is marked by specific fetal developments. A pregnancy is considered full-term at 40 weeks; infants delivered before the end of week 37 are considered premature. Premature infants may have problems with their growth and development, as well as difficulties in breathing and digesting.

A pregnancy is divided into trimesters:

· The first-trimester pregnancy is from week 1 to the end of week 12.
· The second pregnancy trimester is from week 13 to the end of week 26.
· The third-trimester pregnancy is from week 27 to the end of the pregnancy.While 40 weeks is the usual time frame, a full-term baby can be born as early as 37 weeks and as late as 42 weeks.

you’ve had morning sickness, you should find that it starts to ease off around this time.

Baby’s digestive system was fully formed by the end of the first trimester. So now the baby is starting to suck and swallow in preparation for life outside of the womb. Around now, the baby begins to swallow little bits of amniotic fluid, which passes into the stomach.

Second-trimester pregnancy (week 13 to 26)

trimester weeks (development of the fetus)

A woman's body continues to change in the second trimester of her pregnancy. during this time baby continues to grow and develop almost daily. This means your belly grows more.

most women who didn't feel good in the first trimester. they usually start to feel better in the second trimester. Nausea and vomiting start to decrease. You may have more energy and fewer mood swings as you balance out.

Your breast may not be as tender as they were in the first trimester but they will continue to grow. enlarging mammary gland and deposit of cause growth. These changes prepare you for breastfeeding. The skin on and around the nipple starts darkening. the bumps are glands that make an oily substance to keep your nipple from drying out. A yellowish fluid, colostrum might begin to leak from nipples. As the body grows some areas of skin may be stretched tight. Elastic fiber right beneath the skin may tear. this creates skin stretch called stretch marks likely to occurs on belly and breast.

What changes can be seen during pregnancy?

· dry, itchy, skin
· leg pain
· puffiness
· aching pelvic lower back and hips
· stomache
· loose teeth
· nose and gums bleeding
· heartburn
· urinary tract infections

When baby movement is seen?

Near the middle of 2nd trimester, you may begin to feel the baby. in beginning, this feels like fluttering movements deep in your belly.

Second-trimester pregnancy

Week 13

ovaries or testes are fully developed inside their body.

The genitals are forming outside their body.

Where there was a swelling between the legs.

There will now be a penis or clitoris growing.

Sex of your baby cannot be determined by ultrasound scan at this stage.

Even the fingerprints are now formed.

Week 14

The baby is about 85mm long from head to bottom.

It has hair all over its body.

The kidneys start to work.

Week 15

Your baby will start to hear.

The eyes also start to become sensitive to light.

Week 16

The muscles of the baby’s face can now move.

At 20 weeks, you’re halfway through your pregnancy. You will probably feel your baby move for the first time when you’re around 17 or 18 weeks pregnant. Most first-time mums notice the first movements when they are between 18 and 20 weeks pregnant.

Week 17

17 weeks into your pregnancy, or 15 weeks after conception, toenails appear.

Your baby is becoming more active in the amniotic sac, rolling and flipping

Week 18

18 weeks into your pregnancy, or 16 weeks after conception, your baby's ears begin to stand out on the sides of his or her head. Your baby might begin to hear. The eyes are beginning to face forward.

Now baby might be 5 1/2 inches (140 millimeters) long from crown to rump and weigh 7 ounces (200 grams).

Week 19

vernix caseosa begins to cover your baby. The vernix caseosa helps protect your baby's delicate skin from abrasions, chapping and hardening that can result from exposure to amniotic fluid.

Week 20

You might be able to feel your baby's movements (quickening). Your baby is regularly sleeping and waking. He or she might be awakened by noises or your movements.

Week 21

Your baby is completely covered with a fine, downy hair. The sucking reflex also is developing, enabling your baby to suck his or her thumb.

Week 22

Your baby's eyebrows and hair are visible. Brown fat also is forming, the site of heat production.

For boys, the testes have begun to descend.

By now your baby might be 7 1/2 inches (190 millimeters) long from crown to rump and weigh about 1 pound (460 grams).

Week 23

21 weeks after conception, your baby begins to have rapid eye movements. Ridges also, form in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet that will later create the foundation for fingerprints and footprints

Week 24

Your baby's skin is wrinkled, translucent and pink to red because of visible blood in the capillaries.

Week 25

23 weeks after conception, your baby might be able to respond to familiar sounds, such as your voice, with movement.

Week 26

24 weeks after conception, your baby's lungs are beginning to produce surfactant, the substance that allows the air sacs in the lungs to inflate — and keeps them from collapsing and sticking together when they deflate.

Week 27

This week marks the end of the second trimester. At 27 weeks, or 25 weeks after conception, your baby's nervous system is continuing to mature. Your baby is also gaining fat, which will help his or her skin look smoother.

This is the end of second-trimester.

Changes are seen in the body.

Backache. The extra weight gained in the last few months is starting to put pressure on your back, due to which pain occurs in the back.
Bleeding gums.
Pregnant women develop swollen, tender gums. Hormone changes are sending more blood to your gums, making them more sensitive and causing them to bleed more easily.
Breast enlargement.
Congestion and nosebleeds due to Hormonal changes.
Discharge. It's normal to see a thin, milky white vaginal discharge (called leukorrhea) early in your pregnancy. You can wear a panty liner if it makes you feel more comfortable, but don't use a tampon because it can introduce germs into the vagina. If the discharge is foul-smelling, green or yellow, bloody, or if there's a lot of clear discharge, call your doctor.
Frequent urination.
Frequent urination is seen because as the size of the fetus increases its puts pressure on the urinary bladder and because of the decrease in the volume of the bladder as compared to the previous situation, only a small amount of urine can be stored in the bladder resulting into frequent urination.

What to avoid

Avoid alcohol
Avoid caffeine (no more than one cup of coffee or tea per day)
Avoid smoking
Avoid illegal drugs
cat litter, which can carry a parasite that causes toxoplasmosis
Avoid raw fish or smoked seafood
Avoid shark, swordfish, mackerel, or white snapper fish (they have high levels of mercury)
Avoid raw sprouts
Avoid unpasteurized milk or other dairy products
strenuous exercise or strength training that could cause an injury to your stomach.

Pregnancy signs and symptoms.

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Pregnancy signs and symptoms.

Image showing pregnancy stages.

Pregnancy signs and symptoms are seen after the fertilization egg and ova. Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the period during which one or more offspring develop inside a woman’s womb or uterus. It is a condition of carrying a developing fetus or embryo inside the uterus of a woman. This condition is attained when successful fertilization takes place after copulation or through assisted reproductive technology.

How pregnancy is attained, and when Pregnancy signs and symptoms are seen?

Through sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology when the fusion of gametes sperm (spermatozoa) and egg (oocyte) occurs zygote cell or fertilized egg is formed. During sexual intercourse when a male ejaculates semen inside vegina then sperm reaches the fallopian tube where fertilization occurs.
After fertilization, the fertilized egg gradually grows in size and reaches the uterus and get adhered in the lining of the uterus(endometrium) we call it implantation.

And its signs and symptoms are seen after the successful fertilization and implantation.

Growth and implantation of a fertilized egg.

Image showing implantation and embryo growth

The maximum probability of getting pregnant after intercourse is in the period between 12 to 16 days after the last menstrual cycle if your menstrual cycle is of 28 days. we call this period the ovulation period. This period may vary in females having a short or long menstrual period.

What is implantation?

Implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus. In humans, implantation of a fertilized ovum is most likely to occur around nine days after ovulation; however, this can range between six and 12 days. Pregnancy can not be maintained without successful implantation & sufficient rise in the level of progesterone hormone because of Progesterone causes the uterine lining or endometrium to thicken to maintain pregnancy.

v If a woman is having 28 days cycle she can roughly calculate the implantation day

v ==>>If you know the date you ovulated, add 9 days.

v >> Ovulation date + 9 days =Implantation date.

v ==>>If you know the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP), add 23 days.*

v >>Date of last menstrual period + 23 days =Implantation date.

***23 days = 14 (average number of days between LMP and ovulation ) + 9 (average number of days between ovulation and implantation)

{NOTE} THIS IS A ROUGH IDEA OF GETTING IMPLANTATION DATE.

What is the role of implantation for pregnancy?

For the pregnancy to be viable, the cells must make contact with the endometrium and attach to the uterine wall. And only the fittest embryos about one-third manage to do that.

If progesterone hasn’t adequately prepared the endometrial lining to support life, or if the blastocyst contains abnormalities, implantation will fail. When this happens, the egg dies and is excreted during your next period we call it a miscarriage.
Pregnancy usually lasts about 40 weeks, or just over 9 months, as measured from the last menstrual period to delivery.

How pregnancy can be detected.

ways to detect pregnancy.

1) Urine test

If you’re pregnant, the test can usually detect this hormone in your urine about 10 days after your first missed period

2) Blood test

The beta hCG test measures the exact amount of hCG in your blood & it can verify pregnancy before a urine test.
The Blood test result is more accurate than the urine test.

3) Ultrasound

An Ultrasound test can detect a baby’s development, multiple pregnancy & help in abnormalities detection in a baby.
Ultrasound gives the most accurate results for determining pregnancy.

4)Detection of the fetal heartbeat

A fetal heartbeat may first be detected by a vaginal ultrasound as early as 5 and a half to 6 weeks after gestation.

5)X-ray

It cannot determine early and can harm a fetus because of radiation.

Doctors classified pregnancy into 3 stages.

The three trimesters.

Pregnancy has three trimesters, each of which is marked by specific fetal developments. A pregnancy is considered full-term at 40 weeks; infants delivered before the end of week 37 are considered premature. Premature infants may have problems with their growth and development, as well as difficulties in breathing and digesting.

1)First trimester(week 1-week12).
2)Second trimester(week 13-week28).
3)Third trimester(week 29-week40).

First Trimester (0 to 13 Weeks)

The first trimester is the most crucial to your baby's development. During this period, your baby's body structure and organ systems develop. Most miscarriages and birth defects occur during this period.

Your body also undergoes major changes during the first trimester. These changes often cause a variety of symptoms, including nausea, fatigue, breast tenderness, and frequent urination. Although these are common pregnancy symptoms, every woman has a different experience. For example, while some may experience an increased energy level during this period, others may feel very tired and emotional.

Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks)

The second trimester of pregnancy is often called the "golden period" because of many of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy disappear. During the second trimester, you're likely to experience decreased nausea, better sleep patterns and an increased energy level. However, you may experience a whole new set of symptoms, such as back pain, abdominal pain, leg cramps, constipation and heartburn.

Somewhere between 16 weeks and 20 weeks, you may feel your baby's first fluttering movements.

Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks)

You have now reached your final stretch of pregnancy and are probably very excited and anxious for the birth of your baby. Some of the physical symptoms you may experience during this period include shortness of breath, hemorrhoids, urinary incontinence, varicose veins and sleeping problems. Many of these symptoms arise from the increase in the size of your uterus, which expands from approximately 2 ounces before pregnancy to 2.5 pounds at the time of birth.

About signs & symptoms.

Think you might be pregnant? Then this might be an exciting time… or a stressful one! Whatever your feelings, you can prepare yourself best for whatever lies ahead by learning about the early signs and symptoms of pregnancy.

Not all moms-to-be experience the same symptoms when pregnant, and symptoms vary in severity. A woman will not necessarily experience the same symptoms in the same way in subsequent pregnancies as with her first pregnancy.
Certain early signs, like the absence of menstruation and weight gain, are common to all pregnancies.

Early pregnancy signs and symptoms.

signs and symptoms of pregnancy

1)Late period or missed periods
2)Breast change
3)Cramps
4)Nausea often referred to as “morning sickness”.
5)Increased urination
6)Feeling tired
7)Feeling hungry
8)abdominal bloating
9)Light bleeding or spotting from vegina(sing of implantation)
10)Mood swings

Late pregnancy symptoms can include.

1)Leg swelling
2)Backache
3)Heartburn
4)Leakage of urine
5)Shortness of breath

If you see these all signs then its time to visit a doctor for the better health care of mom & baby.

Causes of missed periods

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Causes of missed periods.

missed periods

If you get a negative pregnancy test the result then still you missed your periods then there are several other causes of missed periods some of them are.

Microadenoma of the pituitary gland
Thyroid problem
Hormonal imbalance in the body
Medication
Stress
Heavy exercise
Menopause
Breastfeeding
PCOS / PCOD
Ectopic pregnancy
Low body weight
Improper sleep schedule

If you are young, healthy and mated (having sex) before some days or weeks and you missed your periods then there is a chance of being pregnant bit still these may be the causes of missed periods.

1)Microadenoma of the pituitary gland.

Microadenoma

Pituitary tumors are abnormal growths that develop in your pituitary gland. Some pituitary tumors can cause your pituitary gland to produce lower levels of hormones.
If the tumor causes more compression on the pituitary gland then in the case of the pre-menopausal women, non-functioning pituitary adenomas can cause menstrual periods to become irregular or stop completely and can cause infertility.

2)The thyroid problem may causes missed periods.

photo showing thyroid

Your thyroid helps control your menstrual cycles it affects ovulation. This can make it harder for you to get pregnant. Too much or too little thyroid hormone can make your periods very light, heavy, or irregular. Thyroid disease also can cause your periods to stop for several months or longer, a condition called amenorrhea. If your body’s immune system causes thyroid disease, other glands, including your ovaries, may be involved. This can lead to early menopause (before age 40).
Thyroid problems during pregnancy can cause health problems for the mother and the baby.

3)hormonal imbalance in the body may causes missed periods.

hormonal imbalance can cause several problems in the body.

Hormones regulate appetite and metabolism, sleep cycles, heart rate, sexual function, mood, stress levels, and body temperature. Women may experience imbalances in insulin, cortisol, thyroxin, androgens, estrogen and progesterone levels, etc because of her improper daily routine like sleep, food, etc. If the hormonal imbalance is not treated on time it can lead to decreased sexual desire & infertility.
some other effects of hormonal imbalance are mood swings, acne of the face, sweating, hair loss.

4)Medication may causes missed periods.

Intrauterine devices and pills

Birth control pills or hormonal IUDs(intrauterine devices) typically make your periods lighter, shorter, and more regular.

Warfarin (Coumadin)– If you take this and your menstrual flow is extremely heavy or you bleed in between your periods. this medicine is prescribed to prevent blood clots.
Anticancer drugs can also cause some alteration in the regular menstrual cycle.
Women who have epilepsy and take anti-epilepsy drugs have shown that many have missed or irregular periods.
Medicine like antidepressants can also cause menstrual disorders like painful cramps, heavy bleeding, or missed periods as side effects.
Aspirin and NSAIDs-if you take aspirin regularly, you may notice that your periods are heavier or longer than usual. It is prescribed after a heart attack or stroke, which can happen if a blood vessel becomes blocked by a clot.
One drug people take to treat hypothyroidism is called levothyroxine. It can cause changes in your period.
Painkillers such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include ibuprofen and naproxen, also affect periods. They can make the flow lighter during your period.

5)Stress may causes missed periods.

tension and stress can affect the body in several ways

Stress affects our hypothalamus(part of the brain) which Produces Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), interfering with ovulation and regular menstruation. Sometimes it may take a few months or more for your cycles to become regular again.
Excessive levels of stress, whether physical or mental, can be detrimental to your health. One of the effects of stress is a spike in cortisol, sometimes called “the stress hormone.”
Progesterone prepares the uterus for fertilization by thickening the uterine lining, or endometrium. If fertilization does not occur, your progesterone levels drop, and you get your period. If your progesterone levels were too low to complete this phase of the menstrual cycle, your period might be delayed.
To get rid of this practice yoga and Cut back on caffeine and alcohol.

6)Heavy exercise

heavy exercise can affect the body in several ways

Don’t worry about exercise causing you to miss your cycle if you work out for one or two hours per day. The irregular cycle is seen only when women do heavy exercise for hours and hours every day to produces these hormonal changes. Missing periods due to excessive exercise is called exercise-associated amenorrhea.
excessive exercising could lead to lower levels of estrogen, this leads to irregular periods. some woman misses periods even more than 6 months.

6)Menopause may causes missed periods.

menopause leads to several changes in body

Perimenopause—the first stage of menopause—you may notice your periods occur more infrequently. The decrease in periods is caused by a decrease in the estrogen hormone. This means your egg supply is winding down, and the result will be missed periods and eventually the end of menstruation. This is seen mostly in the woman having age 45+.

7)Breastfeeding may causes missed periods.

mom nourishing baby

A woman may not have periods at all or you may have infrequent or very light periods when breastfeeding, particularly if breastfeeding provides your baby with all or almost all of his or her caloric intake.

{NOTE:-} Many women believe that breastfeeding is a form of birth control, but it’s is not. Even if you don’t have periods when you are breastfeeding, you can get pregnant, so use another form of birth control if you are not ready for another little one.

The symptoms of perimenopause include:

irregular periods
heavier or lighter periods
hot flashes
problems sleeping
mood swings or irritability
vaginal dryness
less interest in sex

8)PCOS(Polycystic ovary syndrome).

Polycystic ovary syndrome

It is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS have regular periods, high levels of androgens (‘male’ hormones) and excess insulin can disrupt the monthly cycle of ovulation and menstruation. In PCOS ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs. For a woman, it is necessary to have at least 4 cycles in a year.

An ‘irregular’ period cycle is defined as either.

1} Eight or fewer menstrual cycles per year.
2} Menstrual cycles are longer than 35 days.

Signs and symptoms of PCOS

Irregular periods.
Excess androgen.
Polycystic ovaries.
Facial hairs.

9)Ectopic pregnancy.

Blue dots showing the site of implantation(ectopic pregnancy)

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus (womb) like it may attach to the fallopian tube, abdominal cavity, or cervix. An untreated ectopic pregnancy can be a medical emergency.risk of complications from the ectopic pregnancy, increases your chances for future, healthy pregnancies, and reduces future health complications.

Signs and symptoms.

vaginal bleeding
lower left or right side abdominal (stomach) pain
feeling light-headed or faint.
inflammation and scarring of the fallopean tubes
birth defects
Nausea and vomiting with pain
Sharp abdominal cramps
Pain on one side of your body
Dizziness or weakness
Pain in your shoulder, neck, or rectum

9)low body weight.

Excessively low body weight — about 10 percent under normal weight — interrupts many hormonal functions in your body, potentially halting ovulation. Women who have an eating disorder, such as anorexia or bulimia, often stop having periods because of these abnormal hormonal changes. The more weight you lose and the faster you lose it, the more likely your period will be affected.

10)Improper sleep schedule.

sleeplessness

Lack of sleep can disrupt our body’s circadian rhythm (internal body clock) which controls a variety of biological functions including menstrual cycles.

A variety of hormones, including melatonin, cortisol, TSH and Prolactin vary across the 24 hr in a day and are highly regulated by the circadian rhythm. All these hormones directly or indirectly affect menstruation.

In any of these cases consult a doctor so that you can live a healthy life.

because being healthy is everyone’s right.

Tips to get pregnant

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Tips to get pregnant.

A healthy woman can give birth to a healthy child.

Being pregnant is one the most exciting time for a woman in her whole life span, but some of the women are not so lucky to experience this excitement because of certain reasons. But here are some tips to get pregnant that can help you in attaining pregnancy quickly and naturally within a few months. Here are some data about the fertility issue. About 15% of couples are affected by fertility issues.

There are a few natural ways to increase your fertility and become pregnant faster. In fact, diet and lifestyle changes can help boost fertility by up to 69%.

Between the age group 16-35 there is 40% chances of getting pregnant if you have unprotected sex but the condition for the above data is the woman should be physically, mentally, emotionally and sexually fit and the semen of males should be healthy.

These are some tips to get pregnant which a woman must follow to attain pregnancy.

1) Eat quality food which is rich in antioxidants.

Good food healthy life

· Antioxidants deactivate the free radicals which are generated as some by-products of some reactions in your body, which can damage both sperm and egg cells.

· Taking an antioxidant supplement or eating antioxidant-rich foods can improve fertility rates, especially among men with infertility.

· Antioxidants like folate and zinc may improve fertility for both men and women.

· In adult men found that eating 75 grams of antioxidant-rich walnuts per day improved sperm quality.

· Foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains are packed full of beneficial antioxidants like vitamins C and E, folate, beta-carotene and lutein.

· In-vitro fertilization antioxidant is prescribed because taking an antioxidant supplement resulted in a 23% greater chance of conception.

2) Maintain a healthy and balanced diet for the whole day.

(one of the best tips to get pregnant and lead a healthy life)

Avoid all the junk foods

·        Eating a substantial breakfast may help women with fertility problems.

·        Eating a larger breakfast may improve the hormonal effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a major cause of infertility.

·        Eating more calories at breakfast and less at your evening meal can improve fertility.

·        For normal-weight women with PCOS, eating most of their calories at breakfast reduced insulin levels by 8% and testosterone levels by 50%. High levels of either can contribute to infertility.

3) Try to avoid trans fat.

·        found that a diet higher in trans fats and lower in unsaturated fats was linked to infertility.

·        Trans fats are commonly found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and are usually present in some margarine, fried foods, processed products, and baked goods.

·        trans fats are associated with an increased risk of ovulatory infertility, due to their negative effects on insulin sensitivity.

·        To boost fertility levels, avoid foods high in trans fats. Eat foods rich in healthy fats instead, such as extra virgin olive oil.

4) Consult a doctor, and try to get to know about your cycle. (one the important tips to get pregnant)

·        Ovulation is the best time to get pregnant. "This is the time to focus on having sex

·        Signs of ovulation can be identified by observing the change in your cervical mucus. It usually becomes thin and slippery when you are most fertile. Some women may also feel a one-sided a twinge of pain.

·        There is an alternative to know the days of ovulation, Ovulation prediction kits can also help you predict the best time to get pregnant. if you are having infrequent intercourse, this tells you when to have it to increase your chances of getting pregnant.

·        Your egg is viable for around 12 to 24 hours before it starts to degrade. Sperm can survive for up to five days in the woman's reproductive system.

5) Try to avoid all the bad habits.

These are very harmful to pregnancy

· If you are planning to have a baby then keep in mind that all the bad habits like smoking, drinking, because while smoking cigarettes, you inhale toxins like nicotine and carbon monoxide. These both have a detrimental effect on the functioning of your reproductive system and blood vessels, lowering your chances of getting pregnant.

· Alcohol also has also a very bad effect on reproductive health.

6) Try to increase fiber in your diet.

·        Eating fiber can lower the risk of ovulatory infertility among women older than 32 years.

·        High-fiber foods are whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and beans.

·        Some of the fiber can help remove excess estrogen by binding to it in the intestines.

·        Fiber helps your body get rid of excess hormones and keeps blood sugar balanced.

7) Start using some selected multivitamins.

·        Vitamin B9, folic acid is very important if you are trying for a baby. Folic acid is important in the formation of the neural tube of the baby, ensuring proper nervous system development.

·        Beans, green leafy vegetables, and whole grains like brown rice are rich sources of folate.

·        Eating more vegetable protein may protect against infertility, and try to avoid animal protein as much as you can.

8)  Try to relax your mind (avoid stress)

·        Stress affects our hypothalamus(part of the brain) which Produces Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), interfering with ovulation and regular menstruation.

·        Sometimes it may take a few months or more for your cycles to become regular again.

·        Excessive levels of stress, whether physical or mental, can be detrimental to your health. One of the effects of stress is a spike in cortisol, sometimes called “the stress hormone.”
Progesterone prepares the uterus for fertilization by thickening the uterine lining, or endometrium. If fertilization does not occur, your progesterone levels drop, and you get your period. If your progesterone levels were too low to complete this phase of the menstrual cycle, your period might be delayed.
To get rid of this practice yoga and Cut back on caffeine and alcohol.

9)  Avoid all the contraceptive methods.

contraceptive methods

·        During sexual intercourse avoid all the contraceptive and go on with unprotected sex.

·        condoms

· Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or “the pill”{Contains two hormones (estrogen and progestogen). }

· Progestogen-only pills (POPs) or "the minipill"(Contains only progestogen hormone, not estrogen )

· Implants (Small, flexible rods or capsules placed under the skin of the upper arm; contains a progestogen hormone only)

· Progestogen-only injectables (Injected into the muscle or under the skin every 2 or 3 months, depending on the product )

· Monthly injectables or combined injectable contraceptives (CIC) (Injected monthly into the muscle contains estrogen and progestogen )

· Combined contraceptive patch and combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) (Continuously releases 2 hormones – a progestin and estrogen- directly through the skin (patch) or from the ring.)

· Intrauterine device (IUD): copper-containing(Small flexible plastic device containing copper sleeves or wire that is inserted into the uterus)

· Intrauterine device (IUD) levonorgestrel (A T-shaped plastic device inserted into the uterus that steadily releases small amounts of levonorgestrel each day)

9)Cut down on caffeine if you drink a lot (over 200mg a day)

10)Have a cervical screening test if you haven’t had one in the last year

pregnancy month calculator | Pregnancy due date calculator.

2019-10-14T09:14:00.001-07:00

Pregnancy due date calculator:-

Pregnancy due date calculator:- If you are facing a problem in calculating the days of pregnancy use our pregnancy due date calculator to work out your baby's due date or the time of delivery. To use this you must remember.

1.      “What was the date of the first day of your last period?”

2.      women's cycles length (cycle length may vary from women to women)

3.      Gestational Age by last menstrual period is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period.

4.      The due date may be estimated by adding 280 days ( 9 months and 7 days) to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).

5.      Gestational Age by ultrasound is measured by ultrasound (US) on the Ultrasound Date.

6.      Estimated due date by ultrasound is the Estimated due date based on the Gestational Age by Ultrasound Date and the Ultrasound Date.

7.      The tool will calculate 40 weeks from the first day of your last menstrual period, even though your baby is technically about two weeks younger than that.

Usually, the pregnancy lasts between 37 weeks and 42 weeks. Pregnancy due date calculator uses this information to give you an estimated date of delivery.

In cases where the date of conception is known precisely, such as with, in vitro fertilization, the Estimated due date is calculated by adding 266 days to the date of conception.

How accurate is the pregnancy due date calculator?

Well, every pregnant woman is excited about her baby and wants to know her due date, and a due date that is calculated from her last menstrual period.

The accuracy of the estimated due date derived by this method depends on accurate recall by the mother, assumes regular 28-days cycles and that ovulation and conception occurs on day 14 of the cycle. The use of the last menstrual period to establish the due date may overestimate the duration of the pregnancy and can be subject to an error of more than 2 weeks [5-7].

The result of the due date calculator often doesn't match with the estimated time of her first ultrasound. Only about 4% of babies are born on their due date. Pregnancy due date calculator does not show the exact date of delivery but it can give you the roughly estimated date of delivery. But even estimated accuracy also depends upon the pinpoint, exactly what point of your ovulation cycle you were in at the time of fertilization, but still it’s difficult to know what date exactly you’ll meet your little one.

But it will not show the exact and true data, it is just an estimated data because due date is calculated based on the date of your last period.

What is an estimated due date (EDD)?

An estimated due date (EDD) is a “best guess” as to when a baby might be born based on a due date calculator like this one.

However, only 4% of babies are born on their due date! Whereas 80% of babies are born within the window of two weeks before and two weeks after your due date calculator results.

My cycle isn’t 28 days. Will this due date calculator work for me?

The answer to this question is yes.The facts behind our pregnancy calculator work as follows:

The average cycle length for the menstrual cycle is 28 days,

If your cycle length is shorter, your due date will be earlier,

For every day your cycle is shorter, your due date moves one day earlier

Similarly, if your cycle is longer, your due date will be later. For every day your cycle is longer, your due date moves one day later.

What is “gestational age?”

Gestational age (GA) is the term used to describe how far along with the pregnancy is and how long the baby has been gestating. (fetus growing in the uterus).

Will my baby definitely be born on my due date?

This is one of the common questions asked by most of the people

And the answer to this question is NO.

Unfortunately, no one can say for sure exactly when your baby will arrive. In fact, only about 4% of babies are born on their due date! But your baby will likely arrive in the few weeks either side of your estimated due date. Knowing this can help you to be prepared for labor and birth, and to have everything ready for your new baby.

To calculate the due date just click here.

click here to get result.

When did I Conceive? (or) when exactly did I get pregnant?

Many women often ask this question when trying to figure out the exact day their pregnancy began. Often, gestational age, or the age of the baby, is calculated from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period. However, in reality, the baby was not conceived until ovulation and the fertilization of the egg, which usually happens at least 10 days after the first day of the mother's menstrual period.

After conception and fertilization, we can say a girl is pregnant but after successful implantation at a proper place that is in the wall of the uterus, pregnancy cannot be maintained.

What is implantation?

Implantation is the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo adheres to the wall of the uterus. In humans, implantation of a fertilized ovum is most likely to occur around nine days after ovulation; however, this can range between six and 12 days. Pregnancy can not be maintained without successful implantation & a sufficient rise in the level of progesterone hormone because Progesterone causes the uterine lining or endometrium to thicken to maintain pregnancy.

How can we calculate implantation?

v If a woman is having 28 days cycle she can roughly calculate the implantation day

v ==>>If you know the date you ovulated, add 9 days.

v >> Ovulation date + 9 days =Implantation date.

v ==>>If you know the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP), add 23 days.*

v >>Date of last menstrual period + 23 days =Implantation date.

v ***23 days = 14 (average number of days between LMP and ovulation ) + 9 (average number of days between ovulation and implantation)

v {NOTE}==>> THIS IS A ROUGH IDEA OF GETTING IMPLANTATION DATE.

In vitro fertilization, the Estimated due date is calculated by adding 266 days to the date of conception.

for more tips click here

HEALTHY TIMES TODAY | pregnancy signs and test, cancer, health tips,viral & bacterial diseases

16 weeks pregnant | second trimester

16 weeks pregnant | second trimester

Facts about 16 weeks pregnant woman (second trimester)

16 weeks baby development

Body changes in 16 weeks pregnant females

Common symptoms at 16 weeks pregnant.

Tips for you.

What medications should I avoid in pregnancy?

Aspirin, ibuprofen, and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

9 weeks pregnant | miscarriage | ultrasound | changes occurs during 9 weeks of pregnancy.

9 weeks pregnant | miscarriage | ultrasound | changes occurs during 9 weeks of pregnancy.

Things to be discussed.

Symptoms are seen at 9 weeks of pregnancy.

External features that can be noticed in the mother during the ninth week of pregnancy.

Other important uses of the sonogram.

Changes are seen in 9 weeks pregnant mother

Changes are seen in the fetus at 9 weeks of pregnancy

What is a miscarriage? Why it happens?

Symptoms of miscarriage?

False labor pain | Braxton Hicks contractions.

False labor pain| Braxton Hicks contractions.

How does false labor or Braxton hicks contraction feel like?

How to differentiate between true labor pain and "false" labor pains or Braxton Hicks contractions?

When do Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor starts?

When to consult a doctor?

Remedy for Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor?

Factors that affects Braxton Hicks contractions or false labor.

TEENAGE PREGNANCY.| ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

TEENAGE PREGNANCY.

Some data from WHO on teenage pregnancy.

If someone is pregnant either teen or adult they have the following choices.

What is termination of pregnancy(Abortion)?

What are the ways to terminate teenage pregnancy?

Here are some ways of medically terminated pregnancy.

If you're considering medical abortion, meet with your doctor to discuss the procedure. Your doctor will likely:

If you are performing abortion through medication through pills you must aware of these things.

What are the risk of abortion we must know and what are the side-effects and risk factors of abortion. Risk factors of medical abortion include:

These are some points which require special attention after the abortion.

HOW DOES TEENAGE PREGNANCY AFFECT GIRLS?

Prenatal Vitamins

Prenatal vitamins prenatal devlopment

Why a woman need to take a prenatal vitamin.

Composition of prenatal vitamins.

Do You Need Prenatal Vitamins?

What is the right time to take prenatal vitamins?

Benefits of taking prenatal vitamins.

Folic acid

Iron

Good sources of iron include:

How much iron do I need?

Calcium

Vitamin D, C, A, E

Third trimester weeks

Third trimester weeks

Here are some changes which can be seen in the baby (growing fetus)

Changes in Bones:

As your baby transforms cartilage to bone in months 7 and 8, he’ll be getting all of her calcium from you — so be sure to eat plenty of calcium-rich foods.

Changes in skin, hairs, and nails:

By week 32 of pregnancy, baby’s formerly see-through skin will become opaque. In week 36, fat continues to accumulate as your baby sheds his vernix (the waxy substance that protects his skin from your amniotic fluid) and lanugo (the hairy coat that keeps him warm in there).

Changes in Digestive system:

Changes in Five senses:

Changes in Brain:

Changes that can be seen in the body.

What are the precautions which must be taken during third trimester weeks of pregnancy.

Here are three ways you can protect your unborn baby during the third trimester weeks…

Things which can be noticed in the third trimester weeks of pregnancy.

Your signs of pregnancy could also include:

weekly development of the baby the third trimester.

28 Weeks: Eyes Wide Open

30 Weeks: Shedding Hairs

31 Weeks: Controlling Body Temperature

34 Weeks: Turning Head Down

39 Weeks: Full-Term Baby

Safe medicine During Pregnancy

Safe medicine During Pregnancy

What to avoid?

Aspirin.

Alcohol.

Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil).

Prenatal vitamins

prenatal devlopment

Second-trimester pregnancy (week 13 to 26)

trimester weeks (development of the fetus)

v ==>>If you know the first day of your last menstrual period (LMP), add 23 days.*