Nursing Diagnosis AIDS

2010-12-20T07:14:00.000-08:00

AIDS
This time I will try to discuss about the definition of AIDS disease, the cause of AIDS, patterns or modes of transmission of AIDS and the handling and treatment given to patients with HIV + or AIDS.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a disease caused as a result of breeding the HIV virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in the human body, which it attacks white blood cells (CD4 cells) that cause damage to the immune system. The loss or reduction in body resistance is easy to make the patient infected with various diseases including even mild illness.
The virus HIV attacks CD4 cells and makes it a breeding ground of new HIV virus, and then destroying it so it can not be used again. As we all know that white blood cells is necessary for the immune system. Without the body's immune system so when we are attacked by disease, our body is weak and does not attempt to fight outbreaks of disease and consequently we may die even if exposed to influenza or common cold.
When the human body exposed to the HIV virus it is not directly cause or suffer from AIDS, but needed a long time and even years for HIV to cause AIDS or HIV positive are deadly.
# Mode of transmission of HIV AIDS virus
1. Through the blood. eg blood transfusion, blood exposed to HIV + on the injured skin, syringes, etc..
2. Through semen, semen (sperm or semen Men). for example, a man sex with their partners without using condoms or other safeguards, oral sex, etc.
3. Through the vaginal fluid in women. for example: Women who have intercourse without a safety net, borrowing and lending of sex aids, oral sex, etc..
4. Through mother's milk (breast milk). for example; Baby drinking milk from women hiv +, men drinking breast milk spouse, etc..
The body fluids that contain no HIV virus in people with HIV + among others Saliva (saliva or saliva), feces (stool or feces), tears, sweat Waterand Urine (Urine or urine).
# Signs and Symptoms Diseases AIDSA person affected by the HIV virus in the early onset generally do not provide the typical signs and symptoms, patients only have a fever for 3 to 6 weeks depending on the immune system when it got in contact with HIV virus. Once conditions improved, people affected by the HIV virus will stay healthy in recent years and slowly decreased body kekebelan / weak to fall ill because of recurrent fever attacks. One way to get certainty is to undergo HIV antibody test especially if a person feels has conducted activities at risk of contracting the HIV virus.
The signs and symptoms seen in AIDS patients include the following:
1. Respiratory tract. Patients experiencing shortness of breath, stop for a moment of breath, cough, chest pain and fever bleak other viral infections (pneumonia). Not infrequently the diagnosis at an early stage of HIV disease AIDS suspected tuberculosis.
2. Digestive tract. AIDS disease patients showed signs and symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, often experiencing fungal diseases in the oral cavity and esophagus, as well as having a chronic diarhea.
3. Body weight. Patients experiencing the so called wasting syndrome, namely loss of body weight up to 10% below normal due to disturbances in protein and energy systems in the body as it is known as malnutrition as well as interference absorption / absorption of food in the digestive system resulting in chronic diarhea, conditions tired and weak less powerful.
4. System Persyarafan. Interference with the central persyarafan resulting in less memory, headaches, difficulty concentrating, are often looked confused and slow response limbs. At the end persyarafan system (Peripheral) will cause pain and tingling in the palm of the hand and foot, the tendon reflexes are less, always have low blood pressure monitor and Impotence.
5. System Integument (skin Network). Patients experiencing an attack of chickenpox virus (herpes simplex) or carar fire (herpes zoster) and various skin diseases that cause pain in the skin tissue. Others are experiencing hair on the skin tissue infections (Folliculities), stained dry skin (outer layer of skin cracks) and Eczema or psoriasis.
6. Urinary and reproductive tract in women. Patients often have a fungal disease of the vagina, it is as an early sign of HIV infection. Injury to the urinary tract, suffering from the disease than men syphillis and then more numerous women who suffered from smallpox. Other people with AIDS are women many of which become inflamed cavity (bone), pelvic known as the term 'pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)' and experienced an irregular menstrual period (abnormal).
http://www.infopenyakit.com/2007/12/penyakit-aids.html
Nursing Diagnosis AIDS
A. Problems that commonly appears on the client

    * Fatigue associated with disease status
    * Acute or chronic pain associated with infection, abdominal pain
    * The lack of nutritional balance is less than body requirements related to digestive disorders
    * Diarrhea associated with the disease process
B. Discharge Plaining

    * Teach the children and families to contact the health care team if there are signs of infection symptoms
    * Teach the children and families to observe the response to treatment and inform your doctor about any side effects
    * Teach the children and families about the scheduling of further examination
C. Nursing Care Plan

   1. Weakness associated with disease status, anemia, malnutrition

          NOC:

                   * Endurance

                   * Concentration

                   * Energy concervation

                   * Nutrional status of energy

    Criteria Results

                   * Memverbalisasikan peninngkatan energy and feel better

                   * Describes the use of energy to overcome kekelahan

           NIC:

           Energy Management

                   * Observation of client restrictions in performing activities

                   * Encourage children to say the feeling of limitation

                   * Assess the factors that cause fatigue

                   * Monitor nutrition and adequate energy resources

                   * Monitor the patient that there is kelelahanfisik and excessive emotion

                   * Monitor kadivaskuler response to activity

                   * Monitor sleep patterns and duration of sleep or rest patients

      2. Acute Pain / Chronic associated with infection

          Definition:

          Sensor unpleasant and emotional experience that appears in an actual or potential

          tissue damage or describe the damage (pain studies association international) attack

          suddenly or slowly in intensity from mild to severe and it is anticipated by the end of which can be

          prediction with a duration of (possibly from a range of weak to stiff)

                  * Expressive behavior (eg, restlessness, moaning, crying, alert, deep breath or

                     frequently complain

                  * Changes in appetite and drinking

         NOC:

                  * Pain level

                  * Pain control

                  * Comfort level

         Results Criteria:

                  * Ability to control pain (know the cause of pain can use the technique to nonfarmalogi

                     reduces pain

         Pain Management

                  * Perform a comprehensive pain assessment includes the location, characteristics, duration, frequency,

                     quality, and factors presipatasi

                  * Observation of nonverbal reactions of discomfort

                  * Use therapeutic communication techniques to experience the patient's pain experience

                  * Assess the culture which affect the pain response

                  * Evaluation of the experience of pain in the past

                  * Evaluation with the patient and other health team

                  * Determine piliha analgesic, route of administration and optimal dose

                  * Select the route of administration by IV, IM for pain medication on a regular basis

                  * Monitor vital signs before and after the administration of first analgesic

                  * Evaluation of analgesic activity, signs and symptoms (side effects)

       3. Imbalance nutrition less than body requirements related to digestive disorders

           Definition: nutritional intake is insufficient for the needs of the body's metabolism.

           superior characteristics:

                 * Weight loss of 20% or more below ideal

                 * It was reported the existence of food intake is less than the Recommended Daily Allowence (RDA)

                 * Membrane pale mucosa and conjunctiva

                 * Weakness of muscles used for swallowing or chewing

                 * Wound inflammation in the oral cavity

                 * Easy to feel full soon after chewing food

                 * Reported to the fact the food shortage

                 * Reported a change in taste sensation

                 * Feelings of inability to chew food

                 * Misconceptions

                 * Losing weight with adequate food

                 * Reluctance to eat

                 * Cramps in the abdomen

                 * Poor muscle tone

                 * Abdominal pain with or without pathology

                 * Less interest in food

                 * Fragile capillary tubes

                 * Diarrhea and srea torrhea

                 * Loss of hair is pretty much (loss)

                 * Voice hyperactive bowel

         Factors associated

                 * The inability to digest food intake or atao absorb nutrients that

                    related to biological factors, psychological or economic

         NOC:

                 * Nutrional status

                 * Nutrional status: Nutrient intake

                 * Weight Control:

         Criteria results:

                 * The appropriate weight goals

                 * Weight loss in accordance denagn height

                 * Be able to identify nutritional needs

         Nutrition Management:

                 * Review the food allergy

                 * Collaboration with a dietitian to determine the amount of calories and nutrients needed patient

                 * Instruct the patient to enhance Fe

                 * Instruct the patient to increase the protein and vitamin C

                 * Provide substance

                 * Make sure the diet contains high levels of fiber to prevent kontipasi

                 * Give food is selected (already consulted with a dietitian)

                 * Ajarrkanpasien how to make daily food records

                 * Monitor the amount of nutrients and calories

                 * Assess the patient's ability to get needed nutrients

         Nutrition Monitoring:

                 * Weight loss patient within normal limits

                 * Monitor the weight loss

                 * Monitor type and number of activities commonly performed

                 * Monitor the child or parent interaction during meal

                 * Monitor the environment during meal

                 * Schedule of treatment and did not act during lunch hour

                 * Monitor and dry skin pigmentation changes

                 * Monitor skin turgor

                 * Monitor drought, dull and brittle hair

                 * Monitor nausea and vomiting

                 * Monitor levels of albumin, total protein, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels

                 * Monitor favorite food

                 * Monitor the growth and development

                 * Monitor pale, redness, dryness and conjunctival tissue

                 * Monitor the intake of calories and nutrients

                 * Record of the edema, hiperemik, hipertermi, tongue papillae, and oral cavasitas

                 * Note if colored tongue megenta

     4. Diarrhea associated with the disease process

         NOC:

                 * Bowel elemination

                 * Fluid balance

                 * Hydration

                 * Electrolyte and acid base balance

         Criteria Results:

                 * Fases shaped bowel movements three times a day not more

                 * Maintain approximately rectal irritation

                 * Not having diarrhea

                 * Describe the causes of diarrhea and rational action

                 * Maintain skin turgor

          NIC:

          Diarhea Management:

                 * Evaluation of the side effects of treatment on anti-diarrhea medicine

                 * Teach the patient to use anti-diarrhea obatb

                 * Instruct the patient or family to record the color, the number of frequency and consistency of

                    fases

                 * Evaluation of food intake in.

                 * Identify factors that cause diarrhea

                 * Monitor signs and symptoms of diarrhea

                 * Observations are routinely skin turgor

                 * Measure the output diarrhea or bowel movements

                 * Call your doctor if any increase in bowel sounds

                 * Instruct patient to eat low-fiber, high protein and high in calories if possible

                 * Instruct to avoid laktasive

                 * Teach the technique of reducing stress

                 * Monitor a safe food preparation

bibliography
Diagnosis Nanda (NIC & NOC), 2007-2008
http://www.infopenyakit.com/2007/12/penyakit-aids.html