Solar Energy

Man Nachat Hai Man Gawat Hai

2011-09-09T02:17:00.000-07:00

Karam mangta hoon (Amjad Sabri)

2011-09-09T02:14:00.001-07:00

Ali k Saath Hai Zahra ki Shaadi Amjad Sabri

2011-09-09T02:13:00.000-07:00

Bhar de jholi Amjad Sabri

2011-09-09T02:09:00.000-07:00

Solar Energy System Pakistan

2011-08-05T02:42:00.000-07:00

Solar System Pakistan

In solar system the things you need is depend on what you want to do. If you want to turn on just lights, bulbs or lamps. So then what you need is listed under here.

1. Solar Panel
2. Solar Charge Controller
3. Battery
4. DC Lights

These are things that you must have to turn your lights on. Without them it is difficult to power up lights. Solar system works in this order. Solar Panel is giving current to charge controller. Charge controller charges a battery. And lights are powered up by a battery. In this case it is DC lights.

How to connect solar system?

Yes we will tell you about how to connect solar power system together to get it to work. First what you have to do is take a closer look at charge controller.

Charge Controller We can easily see on charge controller that it have been marked with solar panel, battery and lights. Now the thing is to connect correct wires of solar panel, battery and lights to plus to plus and negative to negative.

Solar Energy System We are selling solar panels, charge controllers, batteries, inverters, dc energy saving lights and other equipment for solar energy. If you want to install this system at your home in Pakistan so please contact us by email or call us. We will help you with installation of solar energy system in Pakistan.

[edit] Solar chargers in the market

Solar chargers mainly uses crystaline solar panels to generate energy. Crystaline solar panel offers best energy transfer efficiency of about 15-18%. There are other solar cells like amorphouse and flexible thin films that can be used for much less efficiency. Flexible films, such as power film, are good to use in certain circumstances because of its versatility but for higher cost. Solar chargers are mostly used to charge cell phones, and mobile electronics on the go.

Most of the solar chargers came with a battery in the middle before it's used to charge external electronics. The built-in battery saves the energy generated from solar panel, and use that energy to charge cell phones.There is certain amount of energy lose during two transfers (solar panel to built-in battery; built-in battery to cell phone's battery) between.
Without a battery in the middle, the solar panel could charges external devices directly. However, it does require a stablizer and circuit changes to allow the solar panel to charge a certain device.
Solar chargers can be rollable or flexible and are manufactured using thin film PV technology . Rollable solar chargers can include batteries (generally, Li-ion). ^[1]

Solar Energy System

2011-08-05T02:34:00.000-07:00

Solar energy can be converted to electrical energy in two ways: First, with photovoltaic (PV) cells and second, with solar energy collectors that use the sun’s heat to run turbines coupled to electric generators. If you are contemplating either system for powering your facility, you want to weigh both their advantages and disadvantages. PV panels, for instance, is the most widely used type of a solar generator today and its application continues to grow with the demand for clean energy. However, it has one drawback; high ambient temperatures reduce the semiconductor solar panel output efficiency. In other words, a clear, cool day is better for PV panel efficiency and output power than a hot day.

Special SolFocus CPV arrays are made to track the elevation and azimuth of the sun’s path. They are designed for optimum stiffness and provide tracking accuracy within 0.1 °.

Three CSP Approaches
In contrast, the second system uses passive solar energy collectors, commonly

called Concentrated Solar Power or CSP systems. It deserves consideration

because it does not contain the temperature-sensitive semiconductor devices

that PV panels do. Another benefit is that CSP systems are less expensive than

PV systems of the same capacity.

CSP systems contain parabolic mirrors or lenses that direct the sunlight onto a

receiver located at the focal point. The receiver is filled with a heat transfer fluid

such as oil that absorbs the heat energy. The heated oil is pumped through a

heat exchanger or steam generator, which converts water on the secondary side

to steam. The steam turns a turbine generator (and the pumps) to generate the

electricity. When the steam exits the turbine, it returns to the liquid phase in the

condenser – and the cycle repeats.

CSP systems come in three configurations; a parabolic dish, a solar trough,

and a solar power tower. The parabolic dish provides the highest efficiency

of the three types. It usually contains a servo system that positions the dish

in two axes to track the position of the sun while maintaining the receiver at

its optimal focal point.

Concentrated Photovoltaics (CPV) arrays from SolFocus, Inc. are a step up from the more common flat PV arrays. CPV arrays, claims the manufacturer, are able to achieve 25% efficiency and concentrate the solar energy up to 500 times more than the flat PV panels, which typically reach about 17% efficiency.

The trough system is similar, but in this design, the parabolic reflectors are long and linear as opposed to being circular dishes. The receivers comprise long tubes located at the focal line of the reflectors. These reflectors also track the sun, but only about one axis. And, similar to the parabolic system, the fluid is either oil or a molten salt, which reaches extremely high temperatures and converts water to steam in a heat exchanger. The steam runs a turbine generator. An added benefit is that some of the hot fluid is stored in tanks to be used during low light levels or during the night. The trough system efficiency is not as high as the parabolic dish system, but it is the least expensive and currently the most widely installed type.

Finally, the solar power tower has its receiver located at the top of a tower surrounded by an array of reflectors called heliostats. The heliostats are at ground level and track the sun during the day to keep the concentrated light beam on the receiver. Solar power towers have high efficiency and storage capability.

Hybrid Systems
CSP plants can generate electrical power on their own and store backup power during periods of low light levels. Their heat storage capacity is a sufficient buffer to provide power during nights, cloudy days, and seasonal changes that affect the amount of solar energy available. During these times, the hot fluid is released from storage tanks to drive the turbine generators. CSP plants can also be combined with other types of generating systems, such as those built for fossil fuel consumption. This is because they use the same kinds of turbine generators. The US Department of Energy predicts that more utility companies will consider CSP as an addition to their existing fossil fuel power plants.

New power generating plants are being built around the hybrid concept. For example, NextEra Energy Inc., Juno Beach, Fla., (previously known as Florida Power and Light Company), recently began constructing a new facility called the Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center, the first hybrid solar energy plant and first utility scale solar facility in Florida. The plant will not require as much fossil fuel during the day to produce the heat needed to run turbines. The added CSP capacity will reduce natural gas consumption by about 41 billion cubic feet and reduce the need for more than 600,000 barrels of oil over the next 30 years.

CSP systems do not use photovoltaic cells and can withstand high ambient temperatures in addition to the heat generated by concentrated solar energy, which is collected by the parabolic troughs and transmitted to the receivers. The receivers contain the working fluid, which converts water to steam to drive the turbine generator. The system is designed to be connected to a common utility power grid.

s

2011-08-05T02:32:00.000-07:00

Welcome To Solar Converters Inc.

Solar Converters Inc. is a manufacturer of highly efficient power control products for the renewable energy field. What makes us so unique is our products can work with any renewable power source to charge virtually any battery voltage or type to operate virtually any load. We have successfully designed and manufactured many custom controllers to solve unusual system configuations.
To address the needs of the renewable energy enthusiast and optimize the value and performance of your renewable energy system, we have developed several product lines of rugged and highly functional Linear Current Boosters, Battery Equalizers, Power Tracker™ charge controllers with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Cathodic Protection Controllers, Generator Starters, Battery Desulphators, Constant Voltage Pump Drivers, Voltage Controlled Switches, Solar Lighting Controllers, DC-DC Converters, and more.
Our products will do voltage conversions between battery and equipment voltage classes. This is especially uselful when long distances are required between the renewable power source and the equipment to be used. This allows smaller wire to be used substantially reducing the wiring cost to the extent that the controller more than pays for itself in wire savings
Click here for more information on Voltage Conversions with MPPT For example:

65 V panels charging a 12 V battery

48 V panels driving a 24 V pump

12 V panel charging 1.5 V Ni-CADs

45 V panels charging 24 V battery

Our advanced ultra high efficiency PWM (Pulse Width Modulated) charge controllers and motor drivers trademarked as Power Tracker™ are the cornerstones of our business. This new technology provides 15 - 30% more power from solar panels into discharged batteries and 15 - 50% more drive power for solar pumps and motors than current technology.

This translates into solar panel and battery savings! Why?
Because panels and batteries are EXPENSIVE! By using our Power Tracker™ controllers, fewer solar panels are needed. Our advanced charge control technology treats batteries properly, which saves in expensive battery replacements and landfill space. In addition, our Battery Desulphator extends the life of a battery system and will even recover dead batteries from sulpahtion that would otherwise be trashed.

2011-08-04T02:35:00.000-07:00

Solar System Pakistan

In solar system the things you need is depend on what you want to do. If you want to turn on just lights, bulbs or lamps. So then what you need is listed under here.

How to connect solar system?

Inverters

2011-08-04T01:57:00.004-07:00

Inverters

Inverter
Inverter is used to convert 12 volt system to 220 volt and 50Hz. There are two kind of inverters, modified sinewave and true sinewave inverters.
Modified sinewave
Modified sinewave inverters are cheap and is the most common type of inverter on the market. They can run most common tools and appliances, including microwaves, refrigerators, hand tools, televisions and computers. Devices that require true sine wave will not run on modified sinewave inverter. Remember if your product does not work with modified sinewave inverter so it mean you need to buy true sinewave inverter.
True Sinewave inverter
True sinewave inverters are expensive. These products require true sinewave inverter high-end audio video units, plasma displays, gaming systems, and certain scientific testing equipment.

Solar Battery

2011-08-04T01:57:00.002-07:00

Solar Battery Storage

Warning! Batteries are very explosives. Do not short the batteries. Never try to short the circuit to test it.

Normal Batteries
Batteries are very important resource in solar power system to store all the power. It is used normal car batteries. Normal batteries are cheap and good. Normal car batteries require some maintenance. The thing is you need to do is fill mineral free water or destilled water(Urd. Taizab) after a period. You have to check the battery after each 6 months or earlier for level of destilled water. Cable connection needs to be clean and tightened. Many battery problems are caused by dirty and loose connections.
Maintenance Free Batteries
Maintenance free batteries do not require any kind of filling of acids. These batteries have a liftime of 1000 charges or some years. So you have to change battery after this time.
How much watt a battery can store?
It depends on battery size and how much Ah(Ampere hour) is a battery. Example if a battery is 65Ah so it can store 780W. We know a battery is 12v and we have 65Ah. P = E * I = 12v * 65 = 780W.
How to increase battery capacity?
By connecting to batteries in parallel it will increase capacity. We are showing you how to connect batteries in parallel on the picture under. You have to connect positive wire from 1st battery over to second battery and connect negative wire over to negative wire on second battery.

Batteries connected in parallel gives more capacity

Batteries connected in series gives higher voltage

Charge Controller

2011-08-04T01:57:00.000-07:00

Charge Controller

Charge Controller
Charge controller is used to charge batteries from Solar Panels. Solar panels normal give 15-17 volt, charge controller converts that to 12-14 volt and charges battery. Battery often need a higher voltage than it already have to charge the battery. Charge controller prevents batteries to be over charged. And stops to charge when battery is fully charged. And it will give longer life for battery. You can also use blocking diode instead of charge controller. But there are some negative effects of blocking diodes. If you do not use charge controller and just use a blocking diode, so battery can be over charged and damaged. If you is using big solar panel system so it is better to have an advanced charge controller. That gives you complete statistics of how much volt and ampere it have charged battery. Advanced charge controllers also show you how much ampere is on batteries. Charge controllers can automatic disconnect battery if it is going to be empty.
For bigger systems like tubewell or water pumping they are used high voltage charge controllers, called MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracker) charge controllers. MPPT charge controller can convert dc-dc voltage. Example used in 24, 38, 48 volt systems. MPPT charge controllers are used with higher power panels like 135 watt and higher panels.

Solar Lighting

2011-08-04T01:56:00.001-07:00

Solar Lights

This is information you need to know when using solar powered lighting system.When selecting lights we recommend you to select DC 12 volt lights. As high watt gives high light. And select energy saving lights. Because energy saving lights give you more light and uses less energy. As a sample a 11W energy saving bulb gives light like 60W.

When selecting lights you can see the picture over like this one the box. And see how much watt does it use.
How to connect lights?
Connect always DC lights in Parallel connection. We are not going deep in why to connect in parallel. A reason is voltage fall. See the picture under for wire connections. Do not connect wires in opposite directions if it is written on instructions for bulbs.

DC Lights connected in parallel How much power do they use?
When 3 dc lights connected of 11 watt so Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3. This mean total power = light1 + light2 + light3. Ptotal = 11 + 11 + 11 = 33W.

Solar Tracker

2011-08-04T01:55:00.003-07:00

Solar Tracker - Sun Tracker

Solar Tracker
Solar or Sun tracker is used to change direction of solar panel. Solar tracker automatically changes direction of panels to where sunshines is highest. Solar tracker is recommended for higher installations. Because without solar tracker solar panels just stands on one direction and sun light changes directions and does not shine 100% on panels. Solar trackers are expensive due to assembly and mountings included with it.

Solar Panels

2011-08-04T01:55:00.001-07:00

Solar Panels


Multicrystalline panel	Monocrystalline panel

Multi-crystalline (Polycrystalline) Solar Panels
A polycrystalline cell contains many crystals. It has similar life span to the monocrystalline cell type, but it has lower efficiency and cost per watt.
Mono-crystalline Solar Panels
A monocrystalline cell is made of a single crystal. Monocrystalline solar panels are high efficiency solar panels.
How much watt solar panel we need?
Example we want to power up 5 lights of 20 Watt and we need to use these 5 lights for 3 hours every day. Here first we get a total watt usage. Ptotal = 20 * 5 = 100W. Than we multiply 100 with 3 hours. Pdaily = 100 * 3 = 300W. We are going to use 300 watt daily. Let us say we are going to have complete sunshine 6 hours each day. Now we divide 300W with 6 hours, so we will get hourly power charge that we need Phourly = 300 / 6 = 50W. So we need a 50 watt solar panel. But it is recommended to always choose a panel some bigger then we need. Because when solar panel charge the battery so it is wasting some power on charging too.

Calculate how much watt solar panel do you need. Here in sample we need 50W.

Quality of solar panels
We recommend to buy solar panels of good qualtiy. If you is really looking for panels that can be used in 20-25 years without have massive loss so we recommend you to buy quality solar panels. Because normal quality solar panels have a about 1% or less yearly loss of energy each year. So it mean if you use them 20 years so they will have a loss percent of 20%. So a 100 Watt panel will produce 20% less then what it produced when it was new. 100 watt minus 20 it is equal 80 watt. After a 20 years usage in direct sunshine a solar panel will produce 80 watt.

If a panel just begin to produce less power just after 1-2 years usage so it is not a good quality. You have just loss your money on bad panels.

Solar Energy

2011-08-04T01:54:00.001-07:00

Solar Energy, Power, Electricity

Basic about Solar Energy, Solar Power and Solar Electricity.
In basic about solar energy, solar power and solar eletricity we will talk about the basic things behind this power. Formulas that will be used to find out which Solar Panel you should use and which battery you should select. And how much Solar Panels do you need to power up lights and other applications. Here are the main things you need to know and that will be used to calculate your needs. AC-DC system, Volt, Current(Ampere), Power(Watt), Resistance, Series and Parallel connecting.
AC-DC system
Ac stands for Alternative Current. Alternative current is almost that we found in wall outlet or electric outlet. Clever say'd that we found in wall. It is 230 Volt. DC stands for Direct Current. In solar panels it is used 12 volt dc system. DC is that current we can found in cells, batteries, and using adapters or regulators. See the picture of a dell charger. Dell charger also converts AC Current to DC 5.4 Volt and 2410mA. Solar Panels also uses DC voltage and Current.

Power Circle Volt
Voltage is the electromotive force (pressure) applied to an electrical circuit measured in volts (E).
Example. P=200W, I=4.0A. If we have a value of watt and ampere and we want to find out how much volt does it use then we should use this from Power Circle. E=P/I. 200/4.0=50V. So we found voltage is 50V.
Current
Current is the flow of electrons in an electrical circuit measured in amperes (I).
Example. P=100W, E=12V. We want to find out how much ampere does it use. We take a look at circle. I=P/E. 100/12=8.33A. Current usage is 8.33A.
Power
Power is the product of the voltage times the current in an electrical circuit measured in watts (P).
Example. E=220V, I=0,4A. This example is taken from picture of Dell Charger. We have 400mA=0,4A. Take a look at circle P=E*I. 220V * 0,4A=88W. Answer is dell charger use 88Watt.
Resistance
Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electrons in an electrical circuit measured in ohms (R). Increased resistance gives higher voltage and higher power(watt).
Example. E=12V, I=3.0A. We want to find out resistance. We use formula R=E/I. 12V/3.0A = 4 Ohm.
Parallel Connecting - 12V System
Parallel Connecting solar panels gives higher current. And voltage will remain the same. Parallel Connecting is best for us. Because we do not need high voltage. Normal battery is 12v. And by selecting high voltage require higher voltage charge controller. To connect solar panels in parallel we have to connect plus + to plus and minus - to minus. See the picture for details.

Series Connecting - 24V System
By connecting Solar Panels in series connection. It will increase Voltage and current Amps. will remain the same. To connect solar panels in series we have to connect plus + to - minus on next panel. See the picture for details. In this example we have connected 2 solar panels in series which will give 24v output.

Series and Parallel Connecting - 24v System
If we are creating a 24v system. So then we have to connect two solar panels in series and connect two series connected panels in parallel as showed in figure under. Which increases voltage to 24v and when we have connected two other 24v connected solar panels in parallel so voltage remains same and increases current Amps. If we want to increase output current on 24v so we connect more solar panels in parallel same way under as shown in figure under.

Solar Energy

Man Nachat Hai Man Gawat Hai

Karam mangta hoon (Amjad Sabri)

Ali k Saath Hai Zahra ki Shaadi Amjad Sabri

Bhar de jholi Amjad Sabri

Solar Energy System Pakistan

Solar System Pakistan

How to connect solar system?

[edit] Solar chargers in the market

Solar Energy System

s

Welcome To Solar Converters Inc.

This translates into solar panel and battery savings! Why?

Solar System Pakistan

How to connect solar system?

Inverters

Inverters

Solar Battery

Solar Battery Storage

Charge Controller

Charge Controller

Read more about charge controller

Solar Lighting

Solar Lights

Solar Tracker

Solar Tracker - Sun Tracker

Solar Panels

Solar Panels

Solar Energy

Solar Energy, Power, Electricity