Computer Technology

Internet

2011-01-06T08:34:00.000-08:00

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range ofinformation resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are having to adapt to Web sites and blogging. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

Computer workstation

2010-12-29T23:42:00.000-08:00

A workstation is a high-end microcomputer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. The term workstation has also been used to refer to a mainframe computer terminal or a PC connected to a network.

Workstations had offered higher performance than personal computers, especially with respect to CPU and graphics memory capacity and multitasking capability. They are optimized for the visualization and manipulation of different types of complex data such as 3D mechanical design, engineering simulation (e.g. computational fluid dynamics), animation and rendering of images, and mathematical plots. Consoles consist of a high resolution display, a keyboard and a mouse at a minimum, but also offer multiple displays, graphics tablets, 3D mice (devices for manipulating and navigating 3D objects and scenes), etc. Workstations are the first segment of the computer market to present advanced accessories and collaboration tools.

Presently, the workstation market is highly commoditized and is dominated by large PC vendors, such as Dell and HP, selling Microsoft Windows/Linux running on Intel Xeon/AMD Opteron . Alternative UNIX based platforms are provided by Apple Inc., Sun Microsystems and SGI.

Computer Operating system

2010-12-29T23:36:00.005-08:00

An operating system (OS) is software, consisting of programs and data, that runs on computers and manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for efficient execution of various application software. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware, but will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux. A real-time operating system (RTOS) is a multitasking operating system intended for applications with fixed deadlines (real-time computing). Such applications include some small embedded systems, automobile engine controllers, industrial robots, spacecraft, industrial control, and some large-scale computing systems.
The components of an operating system all exist in order to make the different parts of a computer work together. All software—from financial databases to film editors—needs to go through the operating system in order to use any of the hardware, whether it be as simple as a mouse or keyboard or complex as an Internet connection.

Computer Operating system

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Computer Operating system

2010-12-29T23:36:00.001-08:00

Computer Networking

2010-12-29T23:24:00.001-08:00

Computer networking is the engineering discipline concerned with the communication between computer system or devices. A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data. Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunication, computer science, information technology since it relies heavily upon the theoretical and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines. The three types of networks are: the Internet, the intranet, and the extranet. Examples of different network methods are: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan area network(MAN),wide area network(WAN),Wireless LAN(WLAN).

All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different kinds of media, including twisted-pairs copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber ,power lines and various wireless technologies. The devices can be separated by a few meters (e.g. via Bluetooth) or nearly unlimited distances (e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet). Networking, routers, routing protocal, and networking over the public Internet have their specifications defined in documents called RFCs.

Computer Hardware and software

2010-12-29T23:13:00.000-08:00

Computer hardware are the parts of the computer itself including the Central Processing Unit(CPU) and related microchips and micro-circuitry ,keyboards ,monitors, case and drivers (hard, CD,DVD, floppy, optical, tape, etc..). Other parts called Peripheral components or devices include mouse, printers, modems, scanner, digital cameras and cards(sound, color, video..).Together they are often referred as a personal computer.

Computer software is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. Program software performs the function of the program it implements, either by directly providing instructions to the computer hardware or by serving as input to another piece of software. The term was coined to contrast to the old term hardware (meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware, software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application software only. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes, and records. Examples of computer software includes: Middle ware, Programming Language, System software, test ware, firmware, devices drivers, and programming tools.

Computer Security

2010-12-29T22:42:00.000-08:00

Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized users(also known as "intruders") from accessing any part of your computer system. Detection helps you to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done.
We use computers for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through email or chat programs. Although you may not consider your communications "top secret," you probably do not want strangers reading your email, using your computer to attack other systems, sending forged email from your computer, or examining personal information stored on your computer (such as financial statements).Having control of your computer gives them the ability to hide their true location as they launch attacks, often against high-profile computer systems such as government or financial systems. Even if you have a computer connected to the Internet only to play the latest games or to send email to friends and family, your computer may be a target. Intruders may be able to watch all your actions on the computer, or cause damage to your computer by reformatting your hard drive or changing your data.

Electronic Commerce

2010-12-29T22:34:00.000-08:00

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce consists of the buying and selling of
products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer Networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management,Internet marketing,Online transaction Processing,Electronic data Interchange(EDI),Inventory management system and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's life cycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants . Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumers or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com.Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directly online to the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The sale and purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time such as Amazon.com for new books. If an intermediary is present, then the sale and purchase transaction is called electronic commerce such as eBay.com.

Communication System

2010-12-29T22:22:00.000-08:00

A communication system is a collection of individual communication networks,transmission systems,relay systems,tributary stations, and data terminal equipment (DTE) usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whloe.The components of communication system serve a common purpose,are technically compatible,use common procedures,respond to controls,and operate in unison.Telecommunication is a method oc communication(e.g,broadcasting,mass media,journalism, etc).
A communication subsyestem is a functional unit that is smaller than the large assembly under considerations.Examples of communication subsyestems os the Defense Communications System(DCS) are:satellite link,interconnect facilities at each Earth terminal of the sattellite link,optical fiber cable.Communication system basically consists of a receiver,frequency translator and a transmitter.It also contains transponders and other transponders in it and communication satellite communication system receives signals from the antenna subsystems.The examples are Optical Communication System,Radio Communication System,Power line Communication System,Duplex Communication System,Tactical Communication System.

Advantages Of Computer Technology

2010-12-29T21:41:00.000-08:00

Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. In the 1980s, computers began to take up new roles in various forms. A simple computer could be a cash machine in a supermarket, which does not look like a traditional one. In the past two decades, the price of components used for computers steadily fell due to higher technological advancement, reduced cost of manufacturing, stiffer competition, entrance of more manufacturers, new usage that simplified many processes, greater market demand and inevitability to higher productivity. And the trend of the usage of computer is changing rapidly, from governmental to civilian. Till now, the beginning of the 21st century, computers are becoming more powerful and functional and much closer to our daily life. The aim of this report is to find out the relationship between people's life and computer and the role of computer in the modern century, as well as determining the Computer's popularity, functions and the our groups opinions .

History Of Computer Technology

2010-12-29T21:37:00.001-08:00

A complete history of computing would include a multitude of diverse devices such as the ancient Chinese abacus, the Jacquard loom (1805) and Charles Babbage's ``analytical engine'' (1834). It would also include discussion of mechanical, analog and digital computing architectures. As late as the 1960s, mechanical devices, such as the Marchant calculator, still found widespread application in science and engineering. During the early days of electronic computing devices, there was much discussion about the relative merits of analog vs. digital computers. In fact, as late as the 1960s, analog computers were routinely used to solve systems of finite difference equations arising in oil reservoir modeling. In the end, digital computing devices proved to have the power, economics and scalability necessary to deal with large scale computations. Digital computers now dominate the computing world in all areas ranging from the hand calculator to the supercomputer and are pervasive throughout society. Therefore, this brief sketch of the development of scientific computing is limited to the area of digital, electronic computers.

Computer

2010-12-29T00:02:00.000-08:00

A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.While a computer can, in theory, be made out of almost anything (see misconceptions section), and mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and can be powered by a small battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information age and are what most people think of as "computers". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.

The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations.