Linux學習

壞軌硬碟抓資料紀錄

2023-10-20T10:45:00.001+08:00

用到的Tool

chkdsk (在ptt看到壞軌的話最好不要用chkdsk，忘記安全移除的分區表錯誤才用這個)

photorec裡面的disktest，用Ubuntu iso的try Ubuntu感覺成功率較高

------------

可以考慮的tool

ddrescue (這種感覺比較恰當，不會一直去讀原硬碟，有可能造成更多壞軌，但要準備跟原硬碟一樣大的空間)

又ddrescue dump出image後再用mount的方式抓出檔案。

tmux資源收集

2021-01-29T11:38:00.003+08:00

https://larrylu.blog/tmux-33a24e595fbc
基本介紹

https://github.com/gpakosz/.tmux
把介面弄得很漂亮

https://github.com/rothgar/awesome-tmux
一堆awesome

用python的regular expression做文字取代

2020-12-14T15:07:00.003+08:00

https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#re.sub

把 \ 之前的文字全部刪除

re.sub(r'^\S* \\ ', '',the_string)

在單引號之前的r但表單引號裡面的字串是regular expression

^ 是match字串的開頭

\S是match非空白的字元

*是只match前面的東西(\S)0到任意個

\\前面的\是跳脫字元，用來跳脫後面的字元\，後面的\被跳脫後就是指\本身了，用來match \。若沒跳脫的話(如前面的\)就會發揮他在reqular expression的作用(跳脫後面的字元)

----------

Causes the resulting RE to match 0 or more repetitions of the preceding RE, as many repetitions as are possible. ab* will match ‘a’, ‘ab’, or ‘a’ followed by any number of ‘b’s.

\S

Matches any character which is not a whitespace character. This is the opposite of \s. If the ASCII flag is used this becomes the equivalent of [^ \t\n\r\f\v].

Gatsby製作Blog

2019-10-23T13:41:00.000+08:00

https://www.gatsbyjs.org/docs/adding-a-list-of-markdown-blog-posts/
https://codinghero.netlify.com/

定時排程刪除超過一定天數的檔案

2019-10-22T20:48:00.000+08:00

https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/149824/automatically-delete-files-after-they-expire
https://superuser.com/questions/1072679/bash-what-does-means
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/0430cron.php

find $search_path -atime +3 -exec rm {} \;

加到crontab裡面
# crontab -e

{}的意思就是find輸出的結果會帶到rm的參數，\;是確保command結束符號，可用+取代

pyenv-win 安裝與移除

2019-07-24T11:41:00.000+08:00

https://github.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win

1. Install
pip install pyenv-win --target %USERPROFILE%/.pyenv

2. Add following to PATH enviroment variable
%USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win\bin;%USERPROFILE%\.pyenv\pyenv-win\shims;

3. Add installed path in file easy_install.pth to site-packages folder(ex: C:\Users\Jack_Lin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37-32\Lib\site-packages).

Need to add absolute path, ex:
C:\Users\Jack_Lin\.pyenv in file easy_install.pth

4. pip list to check pyenv-win is installed and recognize by pip

5. upgrade
pip install --upgrade pyenv-win

6. uninstall
pip uninstall pyenv-win

如何push本地branch並覆蓋remote branch

2019-06-14T12:25:00.001+08:00

git push -f --set-upstream origin master
git push -f 要小心使用

Scrapy學習筆記

2019-05-20T18:40:00.000+08:00

若要整合Django和Scrapy，可利用DjangoItem，可節省定義Item的部分，讓Scrapy的Item定義自動去參照Django model，也可在Item增加欄位。

ItemLoader的部分，預設add_value後，postprocessor都會以list為最後輸出結果，可更感post processor為TakeFirst。

在Pipeline裡，若應用到DjangoItem，要先save後，在以Django model來操作 Foreign Key或是ManyToManyField部分。DjangoItem無法直接取得Django model內容。DjangoItem只是取去參考Django model，省去寫 field_xxx = scrapy.Field()而已。

pandas Dataframe操作

2019-04-24T18:22:00.000+08:00

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_excel('b.xlsx', 'Acceptance')
df[df['Config 3'].notna()]

裡面的df['Config 3'].notna()是filter的方式，結果是列出所有Config13欄位不是na的 rows

Pandas的Series是縱向的，例如某個Column的值的列表

pandas兩個主要的data structure
DataFrame和Series
DataFrame就是Series的容器
Series就是純量的容器

Indexing / Selection

The basics of indexing are as follows:

Operation	Syntax	Result
Select column	`df[col]`	Series
Select row by label	`df.loc[label]`	Series
Select row by integer location	`df.iloc[loc]`	Series
Slice rows	`df[5:10]`	DataFrame
Select rows by boolean vector	`df[bool_vec]`	DataFrame

如果要一個row一個row去做動作

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16476924/how-to-iterate-over-rows-in-a-dataframe-in-pandas

df.iterrows()

inotify-tools監測資料夾

2019-03-26T10:23:00.002+08:00

https://www.howtogeek.com/405468/how-to-perform-a-task-when-a-new-file-is-added-to-a-directory-in-linux/amp/

Delopy Django project on Ubuntu 1804 with mod_wsgi

2019-03-07T16:25:00.003+08:00

1. Install apache2 & postgresql
2. Install mod_wsgi
# sudo apt install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3
3. Create a Python3 virtualenv
# mkvirtualenv -p $(which python3) django & psycopg2-binary
(django)# pip install django
(django)# pip install psycopg2-binary
4. Enter into project folder. /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject
5. Install Requirement python package
(django) # pip install -r requirements.txt
6. Note that the wsgi.py is put on /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/myproject
7. Edit settings.py in ./myproject
Add ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*',]
(This is risky)
Add STATIC_ROOT = '/home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/static'
8. Setup Postgresql database correctly & create a database in it.
9. Edit settings.py to meet the database you want to use.
10. Database Migrate & collectstatic
(django) # python manage.py migrate
(django) # python manage.py collectstatic
11. create a new conf in /etc/apache2/site-available myproject.conf with sudo

ServerName myproject
Alias /robots.txt /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/static/static/robots.txt
Alias /favicon.ico /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/static/favicon.ico
Alias /static/ /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/static/

Require all granted

WSGIDaemonProcess django python-home=/home/jack/.virtualenvs/django/ python-path=/home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/
WSGIScriptAlias / /home/jack/Documents/Projects/myproject/myproject/wsgi.py
WSGIProcessGroup django

Require all granted

12. Edit /etc/apache2/ports.conf, Add a line

Listen 4002

13. Enable the site & reload

# sudo a2ensite myproject

# sudo systemctl reload apache2

14. Allow port 4002 in Firewall

# sudo ufw allow 4002

Reference:
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

TestLink setup on CentOS 7

2018-10-22T14:29:00.003+08:00

#Install PostgreSQL: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-postgresql-on-centos-7
# sudo yum install postgresql-server postgresql-contrib
# sudo postgresql-setup initdb
# sudo systemctl start postgresql
# sudo systemctl enable postgresql

https://dotblogs.com.tw/jovepaterlab/2017/04/17/222958
[root@localhost peter]# su - postgres
-bash-4.2$ psql -U postgres
psql (9.6.2)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'password'
postgres-# \q
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout

Edit /var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
local    all             all                                    md5
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5
host    all             all             ::1/128                 md5

https://www.tecmint.com/install-php-7-in-centos-7/
# yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
# yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
# yum-config-manager --enable remi-php72
# yum install php php-mcrypt php-cli php-gd php-curl php-pgsql php-ldap php-zip php-fileinfo
# php -v

Enable Apache2
# systemctl start httpd
# systemctl enable httpd

Edit /etc/php.ini
session.gc_maxlifetime = 2400
max_input_vars = 3000
memory_limit = 256M
upload_max_filesize = 20M
max_execution_time = 120

Set MySQL password
mysqladmin -u root password password

# Copy Testlink source code
# wget -e use_proxy=yes -e https_proxy=jack_lin3.compal.com:3128 https://github.com/TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/testlink-code/archive/testlink_1_9.zip
   47 unzip
# unzip testlink_1_9.zip -d /var/www/html/
# cd /var/www/html/
# ls
# mv testlink-code-testlink_1_9/ testlink/
# ls
# chown -R apache:apache testlink
mkdir /var/testlink
mkdir /var/testlink/logs
mkdir /var/testlink/upload_area
chown apache:apache /var/testlink/logs
chown apache:apache /var/testlink/upload_area

Check firewall setting
https://linuxhint.com/list_open_ports_firewalld/
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-using-firewalld-on-centos-7

Add http service in firewall
# sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=http

link1
link2
# sudo chcon -Rv --type httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/html/testlink/gui/templates_c
##### chcon -Rv --type httpd_sys_rw_content_t /var/www/html/testlink
https://tripal.info/tutorials/v3.x/installation/server-setup/centos7
# setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect_db on

Remove line 872~879
/install/sql/postgres/testlink_create_tables.sql
https://github.com/TestLinkOpenSourceTRMS/testlink-code/blob/testlink_1_9/install/sql/postgres/testlink_create_tables.sql

Open http:///testlink, Follow steps to install.

YOU NEED TO RUN MANUALLY Following Script on your DB CLIENT Application

/var/www/html/testlink/install/sql/postgres/testlink_create_udf0.sql

YOUR ATTENTION PLEASE:
To have a fully functional installation You need to configure mail server settings, following this steps

    copy from config.inc.php, [SMTP] Section into custom_config.inc.php.
    complete correct data regarding email addresses and mail server.

Installation was successful!
You can now log in to Testlink (using login name:admin / password:admin - Please Click Me!).

Deploying Flask App with mod_wsgi (Python3) in Ubuntu 1804

2018-10-18T14:19:00.002+08:00

1. Install apache2
2. Install mod_wsgi
# sudo apt install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3
3. Create a Python3 virtualenv with Flask installed
# mkvirtualenv -p $(which python3) flask
(flask)# pip install flask
4. Create a .wsgi file for project (put in project folder)
newsite.wsgi:

activate_this = '/home/jack/.virtualenvs/flask/bin/activate_this.py'
with open(activate_this) as file_:
    exec(file_.read(), dict(__file__=activate_this))
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/home/jack/Documents/Projects/newsite')
from app import app as application

5. Open Apache2 ports. Edit file /etc/apache2/ports.conf

Listen 4002

6. Create a file for new site in /etc/apache2/sites-available
newsite.conf:

    ServerName newsite

    WSGIDaemonProcess newsite user=jack group=jack threads=5
    WSGIScriptAlias / /home/jack/Documents/Projects/newsite/newsite.wsgi


        WSGIProcessGroup newsite
        WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
        Require all granted


7. Enable the newsite
# sudo a2ensite newsite
(a2dissite for disable)

8. Reload the Apache2
# sudo systemctl reload apache2

9. Allow port 4002 by ufw
# sudo ufw allow 4002
(sudo ufw delete allow 4002) to disable

10. Open broswer to browse http://:4002

Note1. Apache2 error log is in /var/log/apache2/error.log

Note2. If you are using open() in app.py, need to instead to app.open_resource() to prevent FileNotFoundException

Reference:
http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/deploying/mod_wsgi/
http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.12/api/#flask.Flask.open_resource

iSCSI target setup (Ubuntu)

2018-08-16T17:04:00.003+08:00

https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_18.04&p=iscsi&f=1
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ISCSI/LIO

# create a directory

root@dlp:~# 
mkdir /var/lib/iscsi_disks 

# enter the admin console

root@dlp:~#

targetcli 

targetcli shell version 2.1.fb43
Copyright 2011-2013 by Datera, Inc and others.
For help on commands, type 'help'.

/> cd backstores/fileio 

# create a disk-image with the name "disk01" on /var/lib/iscsi_disks/disk01.img with 10G
/backstores/fileio> create disk01 /var/lib/iscsi_disks/disk01.img 10G 
Created fileio disk01 with size 10737418240
/backstores/fileio> cd /iscsi 

# create a target
# naming rule : [ iqn.(year)-(month).(reverse of domain name):(any name you like) ]
/iscsi> create iqn.2018-05.world.srv:dlp.target01 
Created target iqn.2018-05.world.srv:dlp.target01.
Created TPG 1.
Global pref auto_add_default_portal=true
Created default portal listening on all IPs (0.0.0.0), port 3260.
/iscsi> cd iqn.2018-05.world.srv:dlp.target01/tpg1/luns 

# set LUN
/iscsi/iqn.20...t01/tpg1/luns> create /backstores/fileio/disk01 
Created LUN 0.
/iscsi/iqn.20...t01/tpg1/luns> cd ../acls 

# set ACL (it's the IQN of an initiator you permit to connect)
/iscsi/iqn.20...t01/tpg1/acls> create iqn.2018-05.world.srv:www.initiator01 
Created Node ACL for iqn.2018-05.world.srv:www.initiator01
Created mapped LUN 0.
/iscsi/iqn.20...t01/tpg1/acls> cd iqn.2018-05.world.srv:www.initiator01 

# set UserID for authentication
/iscsi/iqn.20...w.initiator01> set auth userid=username 
Parameter userid is now 'username'.
/iscsi/iqn.20...w.initiator01> set auth password=password 
Parameter password is now 'password'.
/iscsi/iqn.20...w.initiator01> exit 
Global pref auto_save_on_exit=true
Last 10 configs saved in /etc/rtslib-fb-target/backup.
Configuration saved to /etc/rtslib-fb-target/saveconfig.json

# after configuration above, the target enters in listening like follows

root@dlp:~#

ss -napt | grep 3260 

LISTEN   0         256                 0.0.0.0:3260             0.0.0.0:*

Disable Authentication

Navigate targetcli to your target (i.e. /iscsi/iqn.../tpg1) and:

.../tpg1> set attribute authentication=0

Samba on Ubuntu

2018-07-12T13:09:00.001+08:00

Ref

# apt install samba
# edit /etc/samba/smb.conf
create folder
# mkdir /var/samba
# chmod 777 /var/samba

Add this:
[public]
comment = public anonymous access
path = /var/samba/
browsable =yes
create mask = 0666
directory mask = 0777
writable = yes
guest ok = yes

# systemctl restart smbd

HTTPS on Ubuntu 1804 (use default-ssl.conf)

2018-07-10T14:58:00.002+08:00

# sudo -i
# apt install apache2
# a2enmod ssl
# a2ensite default-ssl.conf
# systemctl restart apache2

config files in /etc/apache2/sites-available
log files in /var/log/apache2/

use browser to browse https://

用Flask-SQLAlchemy把Model定義獨立到models.py

2018-06-28T14:01:00.001+08:00

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9692962/flask-sqlalchemy-import-context-issue/9695045#9695045

models.py
=====

from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

from datetime import datetime

db = SQLAlchemy()

class User(db.Model):

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)

    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):

        return '%r>' % self.username

class Post(db.Model):

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    title = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)

    body = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)

    json = db.Column(db.JSON)

    pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=False,

            default=datetime.utcnow)

    category_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('category.id'),

            nullable=False)

    category = db.relationship('Category',

            backref=db.backref('posts', lazy=True))

    def __repr__(self):

        return '%r>' % self.title

class Category(db.Model):

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

    name = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False)

    def __repr__(self):

        return '%r>' % self.name

app.py
======

from flask import Flask

# from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

from flask_admin import Admin

from flask_admin.contrib.sqla import ModelView

from models import db, User, Post, Category

app = Flask(__name__)

#app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:////tmp/test.db'

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql:///jack'

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

# db = SQLAlchemy(app)

db.init_app(app)

admin = Admin(app, name='flask-sql', template_mode='bootstrap3')

admin.add_view(ModelView(User, db.session))

admin.add_view(ModelView(Post, db.session))

admin.add_view(ModelView(Category, db.session))

Ubuntu install postgresql & flask-sqlalchemy

2018-06-22T11:23:00.000+08:00

# sudo apt install postgresql
# sudo systemctl enable postgresql
# sudo -i -u postgres
# createuser --interactive
jack
y
Note. already have a user named jack
# createdb jack
Note. create a database named jack.
logout from postgres
#logout

Edit the Flask app.py
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql:///jack'

You can save JSON type now
json = db.Column(db.JSON)

遇到密碼對可是登不進ssh

2018-06-21T16:49:00.000+08:00

Check the log in /var/log/auth.log
$ grep sshd /var/log/auth.log | less
看到
sshd[2110]: User jack not allowed because shell /usr/bin/zsh does not exist

可能是之前有安裝過zsh但是沒有移乾淨
下env | grep SHELL看到的確是/usr/bin/zsh

用chsh指令改
$ sudo chsh -s /bin/bash jack
解決不能登入ssh問題

Robotframework 變數檔案

2018-06-21T09:53:00.000+08:00

使用-V 參數

# robot -V vars.yaml a.robot

vars.yaml內容
BMC_IP: 172.16.1.16

For using "Library Dialogs"
apt-get install python3-tk
pip intall tkinter

Setup Python3 develop environment on Ubuntu Server 1804

2018-05-18T15:52:00.000+08:00

1. Install Ubuntu Server 1804
2. Install pip3 & python3-dev
# sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev
3. update pip
# python3 -m pip install -U pip
4. logout and login
5. Install virtualenvwrapper
# python3 -m pip install --user virtualenvwrapper
6. add variable in .bashrc
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=$(which python3)
7. include virtualenvwrapper in .bashrc
Add following in tail of .bashrc
# set ~/.local/bin in PATH
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

# virtualenvwrapper
source $(which virtualenvwrapper.sh)
8. logout & login again
9. create a virtualenv
# mkvirtualenv env1

for APT proxy setting: /etc/apt/apt.conf
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://yourproxyaddress:proxyport";

for pip proxy setting per-user: ~/.config/pip/pip.conf
[global]
proxy = http://127.0.0.1:3128

https://medium.com/@gitudaniel/installing-virtualenvwrapper-for-python3-ad3dfea7c717

Increase upload file size limit of TestLink

2018-05-16T13:38:00.002+08:00

Edit /etc/php.ini file

upload_max_filesize = 100M
max_execution_time = 600

Edit
/var/html/www/testlink/config.inc.php
$tlCfg->import_file_max_size_bytes (config.inc.php): 8192000
$tlCfg->import_max_row (config.inc.php): 100000
$tlCfg->repository_max_filesize (config.inc.php): 8 // MB

restart Apache
service apache2 restart
or
service httpd restart

Use mkvirtualenv of virtualenvwrapper-win to create diffenrent Python version of env

2018-03-29T15:23:00.000+08:00

應用Python的virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper可方便建立Python的virtual enviroment，方便在不同的environment切換，各env有獨立的pip list和Python版本

首先要安裝Python (Linux已有內建Python2)

Windows安裝完後要將PATH設定包含到C:\Python27
安裝pip套件 https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/
安裝virtualenv, pip install virtualenv
安裝virtualenvwrapper或是virtualenvwrapper-win (Windows版)
建立virtualenv

mkvirtualenv env01

查看pip list, pip list
跳出env01, deactivate
查看目前有多少virtualenv, workon
進入virtualenv env01, workon env01
若要建立Python3的virtualenv, 先安裝Python3
確認Pyhon3的python.exe位置 (C:\Users\Jack_Lin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\python.exe), 若是Linux, 可用which python3指令查看
建立一Python3的virtualenv

mkvirtualenv -p C:\Users\Jack_Lin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\python.exe python35
python -V

ipmitool ipmi-raw ipmiutil cmd (icmd) raw command format

2018-02-08T19:26:00.002+08:00

ipmitool:
ipmitool -I lanplus -H 192.168.1.123 -U admin -P password raw 0x06 0x01

ipmi-raw:
ipmi-raw -D LAN_2_0 -h 192.168.1.123 -u admin -p password 0x00 0x06 0x01

icmd:
icmd -J 3 -N 192.168.1.123 -U admin -P password 00 20 18 01

redfishtool on ubuntu

2018-02-08T16:41:00.002+08:00

1. apt-get update
2. apt-get install python python3 python-pip
3. make a file /etc/pip.conf if you need proxy setting for pip
[list]
format=columns
[global]
trusted-host = pypi.python.org
proxy = http://127.0.0.1:3128
4. pip install virtualenvwrapper
5. login with normal user (not root)
6. add one line in tail of .bashrc
source $(which virtualenvwrapper.sh)
7. re-login
8. create a virtualenv of python3
mkvirtualenv -p $(which python3) redfish
9. pip install redfishtool

redfishtool commands:

redfishtool -u admin -p password -r 192.168.1.123 -S Always System
redfishtool -u admin -p password -r 192.168.1.123 -S Always System -a
redfishtool -u admin -p password -r 192.168.1.123 -S Always raw /redfish/v1/xxxx/xxxx

======
For Ubuntu 17.10, before step5
Need to add ~/.local/bin to PATH, edit ~/.bashrc
# set PATH ~/.local/bin
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi