PRADEEP RAJASEKARAN

Electrical & Electronics Engineering Books

2012-04-15T10:24:00.001+05:30

MATLAB for Engineers - Applications in Control, Electrical Engineering, IT and Robotics

Details of Book: MATLAB for Engineers - Applications in Control, Electrical Engineering, IT and Robotics
Book: MATLAB for Engineers - Applications in Control, Electrical Engineering, IT and Robotics
Authors: Karel Perutka
ISBN: 9789533079141
Publisher: InTech
Publication Date: Oct 2011

Description:

The book presents several approaches in the key areas of practice for which the MATLAB software package was used. Topics covered include applications for: -Motors -Power systems -Robots -Vehicles The rapid development of technology impacts all areas. Authors of the book chapters, who are experts in their field, present interesting solutions of their work. The book will familiarize the readers with the solutions and enable the readers to enlarge them by their own research. It will be of great interest to control and electrical engineers and students in the fields of research the book covers.

Download link:

http://www.intechopen.com/download/books/books_isbn/978-953-307-914-1

Power System Protection

Details of Book: Power System Protection

Book: Power System Protection
Author: Paul M. Anderson
ISBN-10: 0780334272
ISBN-13: 978-0780334274
Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
Publication Date: November 25, 1998

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http://ifile.it/341675/__Power_System_Protection__IEEE_Press_Series_on_Power_Engine

Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing

Details of Book: Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing

Book: Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing
Autthor: Paul Gill
ISBN-10: 1574446568
ISBN-13: 978-1574446562
Publisher: CRC Press
Publication Date: December 22, 2008
Edition: 2nd edition

Download Link:

http://ifile.it/qwuj63/__Electrical_Power_Equipment_Maintenance_and_Testing__Second_Edition__Power_Engineering_.l_1zx37n0n6x6zxj2.pdf

http://mediafire.com/?3h2bikyn3ww

http://www.mediafire.com/?3h2bikyn3ww

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Details of Book: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Book: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Authors: Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N.O. Sadiku
ISBN-10: 0077263197
ISBN-13: 978-0077263195
Publisher: McGraw-Hill
Publication Date: August 27, 2008
Edition: 4th edition

Download Link:

http://ifile.it/mp80aj/__Fundamentals_of_Electric_Circuits.l_z6x37n0n6x9oxt2.pdf

http://mediafire.com/?qh3fxvdptgbdmmf

password: ebooksclub.org

Simulation of Dynamic Systems with MATLAB and

Simulink

Details of Book: Simulation of Dynamic Systems with MATLAB and Simulink
Book: Simulation of Dynamic Systems with MATLAB and Simulink
Authors: Harold Klee, Randal Allen
ISBN-10: 1439836736
ISBN-13: 978-1439836736
Publisher: CRC Press
Publication Date: February 16, 2011
Edition: 2nd edition

Download Link:

http://ifile.it/crsvfx/__Simulation_of_Dynamic_Systems_with_MATLAB_and_Simulink__Second_Edition.l_z6x37n0n6x9oxt2.pdf

http://mediafire.com/?w8w33ftr5my1y26

password: ebooksclub.org

Introduction to Medical Electronics Applications

Details of Book: Introduction to Medical Electronics Applications

Book: Introduction to Medical Electronics Applications
Authors: D. Jennings, A Flint, BCH Turton, LDM Nokes
ISBN-10: 0340614579
ISBN-13: 978-0340614570
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Publication Date: March 31, 1995
Edition: 1st edition

Download Link:

http://ifile.it/hx9mvy/__Introduction_to_Medical_Electronics_Applications.l_z6x37n0n6x9oxt2.pdf

http://rapidshare.com/files/267407995/JENNINGS__D.__1995_._Introduction_to_Medical_Electronics_Applications.pdf

LOKPAL BILL

2011-06-07T00:57:00.000+05:30

The following Bill has been drafted only for setting up an institution of Lokpal at the centre. We propose that in this same Bill, provisions on the same model may be made for setting up similar institution of Lokayukta in each state.

Jan Lokpal Bill version 2.2

An act to create effective anti-corruption and grievance redressal systems at centre so that effective deterrent is created against corruption and to provide effective protection to whistleblowers.

1. Short title and commencement:- (1) This Act may be called the Jan Lokpal Act, 2010.

(2) It shall come into force on the one hundred and twentieth day of its enactment.

2. Definitions:- In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-

(1) “Action” means any action taken by a public servant in the discharge of his functions as such public servant and includes decision, recommendation or finding or in any other manner and includes willful failure or omission to act and all other expressions relating to such action shall be construed accordingly;

(2) “Allegation” in relation to a public servant includes any affirmation that such public servant-

(a) has indulged in misconduct, if he is a government servant;

(b) has indulged in corruption

(3) “complaint” includes any grievance or allegation or a request by whistleblower for protection and appropriate action.

(4) “corruption” includes anything made punishable under Chapter IX of the Indian Penal Code or under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988;

Provided that if any person obtains any benefit from the government by violating any laws or rules, that person along with the public servants who directly or indirectly helped that person obtain those benefits, shall be deemed to have indulged in corruption.

(5) “Government” or “Central Government” means Government of India.

(6) “Government Servant” means any person who is or was any time appointed to a civil service or post in connection with the affairs of the Central Government or High Courts or Supreme Court either on deputation or permanent or temporary or on contractual employment but would not include the judges.

(7) “grievance” means a claim by a person that he could not get satisfactory redressal according to citizen’s charter and despite approaching Public Grievance Officer of that Department;

(8) “Lokpal” means

a. Benches constituted under this Act and performing their functions as laid down under various provisions of this Act; or

b. Any officer or employee, exercising its powers and carrying out its functions and responsibilities, in the manner and to the extent, assigned to it under this Act, or under various rules, regulations or orders made under various provisions of this Act.

c. For all other purposes, the Chairperson and members acting collectively as a body;

(8A) “Minor penalty” and Major penalty” shall mean the same as defined in CCS Conduct Rules.

(9) “Misconduct” means misconduct as defined in relevant Conduct Rules and which has vigilance angle.

(10)"public authority" means any authority or body or institution of self- government established or constituted—

a. by or under the Constitution;

b. by any other law made by Parliament;

c. by notification issued or order made by the Government, and includes any body owned, controlled or substantially financed by the Government;

(11)“Public servant” means a person who is or was at any time,-

(a) the Prime Minister;

(b) a Minister;

(d) Judges of High Courts and Supreme Courts;

(e) a Government servant;

(f) the Chairman or Vice-Chairman (by whatever name called) or a member of a local authority in the control of the Central Government or a statutory body or corporation established by or under any law of the Parliament of India, including a co-operative society, or a Government Company within the meaning of section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 and members of any Committee or Board, statutory or non-statutory, constituted by the Government;

(g) includes all those who are declared as “public servants” in section 2(c) of Prevention of Corruption Act 1988.

(h) Such other authorities as the Central Government may, by notification, from time to time, specify;

(12)“Vigilance angle” includes –

(a) All acts of corruption

(b) Gross or willful negligence; recklessness in decision making; blatant violations of systems and procedures; exercise of discretion in excess, where no ostensible/public interest is evident; failure to keep the controlling authority/superiors informed in time

(c) Failure/delay in taking action, if under law the government servant ought to do so, against subordinates on complaints of corruption or dereliction of duties or abuse of office by the subordinates

(d) Indulging in discrimination through one’s conduct, directly or indirectly.

(e) Victimizing Whistle Blowers

(f) Any undue/unjustified delay in the disposal of a case, perceived after considering all relevant factors, would reinforce a conclusion as to the presence of vigilance angle in a case.

(g) Make or undertake an unfair investigation or enquiry either to unduly help those guilty of corruption or incriminate the innocent.

(h) Any other matter as notified from time to time by the Lokpal

(13)“Whistleblower” is any person, who faces the threat of

(a) professional harm, including but not limited to illegitimate transfer, denial of promotion, denial of appropriate perquisites, departmental proceedings, discrimination or

(b) physical harm, or

because of either making a complaint to the Lokpal under this Act, or for filing an application under the Right to Information Act, 2005 or by any other legal action aimed at preventing or exposing corruption or mal-governance.

3. Establishment of the institution of Lokpal and appointment of Lokpal:

(1) There shall be an institution known as Lokpal which shall consist of one Chairperson and ten members along with its officers and employees.

(2) The Chairperson and members of Lokpal shall be selected in such manner as laid down in this Act.

(3) A person appointed as Chairperson or member of Lokpal shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe before the President, an oath or affirmation in the form as prescribed.

(4) The Government shall appoint the Chairperson and members of the first Lokpal and set up the institution with all its logistics and assets within six months of enactment of this Act.

(5) The Government shall fill up a vacancy of the Chairperson or a member caused due to

a) Retirement, 3 months before the member or the Chairperson retires.

b) Any other unforeseen reason, within a month of such vacancy arising.

Chairperson and Members of Lokpal

4. The Chairperson and members of Lokpal not to have held certain offices- The Chairperson and members of Lokpal shall not be serving member of either the Parliament or the Legislature of any State and shall not hold any office or trust of profit (other than the office as Chairperson or member) or carry on any business or practice any profession and accordingly, before he enters upon his office, a person appointed as the Chairperson or member of Lokpal shall-

(i) if he holds any office of trust or profit, resign from such office; or

(ii) if he is carrying on any business, sever his connection with the conduct and management of such business; or

(iii) if he is practicing any profession, suspend practice of such profession.

(iv) If he is associated directly or indirectly with any other activity, which is likely cause conflict of interest in the performance of his duties in Lokpal, he should suspend his association with that activity.

Provided that if even after the suspension, the earlier association of that person with such activity is likely to adversely affect his performance at Lokpal, that person shall not be appointed as a member or Chairperson of Lokpal.

5. Term of office and other conditions of service of Lokpal– (1) A person appointed as the Chairperson or member of Lokpal shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office or upto the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier;

Provided further that.-

(a) the Chairperson or member of Lokpal may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office;

(b) the Chairperson or member may be removed from office in the manner provided in this Act.

(2) There shall be paid to the Chairperson and each member every month a salary equal to that of the Chief Justice of India and that of the judge of the Supreme Court respectively;

(3) The allowances and pension payable to and other conditions of service of the Chairperson or a member shall be such as may be prescribed;

Provided that the allowances and pension payable to and other conditions of service of the Chairperson or members shall not be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment.

(4) The administrative expenses of the office of the Lokpal including all salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of persons serving in that office, shall be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.

(5) There shall be a separate fund by the name of “Lokpal fund” in which penalties/fines imposed by the Lokpal shall be deposited and in which 10% of the loss of Public Money recovered under section 19 of this Act shall also be deposited by the Government. Disposal of such fund shall be completely at the discretion of the Lokpal and such fund shall be used only for enhancement/upgradation/extension of the infrastructure of Lokpal.

(6) The Chairperson and members of Lokpal shall not be eligible for appointment to any position in Government of India or Government of any state or any such body which is funded by any of the governments or for contesting elections to Parliament, state legislatures or local bodies, if he has ever held the position of the Chairperson or a member for any period after demitting their office. A member could be appointed as a chairperson, provided that the total tenure both as member and as chairperson would not exceed five years and no member or chairperson would be eligible for reappointment or extension after completion of a five year term.

6. Appointment of the Chairperson and members:

1. The Chairperson and members shall be appointed by the President on the recommendation of a selection committee.

2. The following shall not be eligible to become Chairperson or Member of Lokpal:

(a) Any person, who is not a citizen of India

(b) Any person, who was ever chargesheeted for any offence under IPC or PC Act or any other Act or was ever penalized under CCS Conduct Rules.

(d) Any person, who was in the service of any government and has remitted office within the last two years, either by way of resignation or retirement.

3. At least four members of Lokpal shall have legal background. Not more than two members, including Chairman, shall be former civil servants.

Explanation: “Legal Background” means that the person should have held a judicial office in the territory of India for at least ten years or has been an advocate in High Court or Supreme Court for at least fifteen years.

4. The members and Chairperson should have unimpeachable integrity and should have demonstrated their resolve to fight corruption in the past.

5. A selection committee consisting of the following shall be set up:

a. The Prime Minister of India

b. Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha

c. Two youngest judges of Supreme Court

d. Two youngest Chief Justices of High Courts.

e. Comptroller and Auditor General of India

f. Chief Election Commissioner

g. After the first set of selection process, the outgoing members and Chairperson of Lokpal.

6. The Prime Minister shall act as the Chairperson of the selection committee.

7. There shall be a search committee consisting of ten members.

8. Members of search committee shall be selected in the following manner:

a. The selection committee shall select five members of search committee from the former Comptroller and Auditor Generals of India and Chief Election Commissioners of India.

Provided that the following persons shall not be eligible for becoming members of search committee:

a) Any person who has had any substantive allegation of corruption against him

b) Any person who has either joined any political party after retirement or has had strong affiliations to any political party

c) Any person who is still in the service of the government in any capacity

d) Any person who took up a government assignment after retirement barring those assignments which are reserved for the post from which he has retired.

b. The five members selected above shall nominate five members from civil society.

9. The search committee shall invite recommendations from such class of people or such individuals as it deems fit. The recommendations should, interalia, contain the following details:

a. Personal details of the candidate being recommended

b. Details of any allegations faced by the candidate under any law or any allegations of moral turpitude in the past?

c. Details of his work against corruption in the past with documentary evidence.

d. Evidence from his past, if any, to show that he is a fiercely independent person and cannot be influenced.

e. Any other material that the search committee decides.

10. The following selection process shall be followed:

a. The list of candidates received above along with their details received in the format mentioned above shall be displayed on a website.

b. Public feedback shall be invited on these names.

c. The search committee may decide to use any means to collect more information about the background and past achievements of these candidates.

d. All the material obtained so far about the candidates shall be made available to each member of the search committee in advance. The members shall make their own assessment of each candidate.

e. The search committee shall meet and discuss the material so received about each candidate. The selections shall be made preferably through consensus.

Provided that if three or more members of search committee, for reasons to be recorded in writing, object to the selection of any member, he shall not be selected.

f. Search committee shall recommend three times the names as there are vacancies to the selection committee.

g. Selection committee shall select such number of candidates as there are vacancies to the Prime Minister. The selections shall be made preferably through consensus.

Provided that if three or more members of selection committee, for reasons to be recorded in writing, object to the selection of any member, he shall not be selected.

h. All meetings of search committee and selection shall be video recorded and shall be made public.

11. The Prime Minister shall recommend the names finalized by the selection committee to the President immediately, who shall order such appointments within a month of receipt of the same.

12. If any of the members of the selection committee retires while a selection process is going on, that member will continue on the selection committee till the end of that process.

7. Removal of Chairperson or members-

(1) The Chairperson or any member shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President on one or more of the following grounds:

a. Proved misbehavior

b. Professional, mental or physical incapacity

c. Insolvency

d. Being charged of an offence which involves moral turpitude

e. Engaging while holding such office, in any paid employment

f. Acquiring such financial interests or other interests, which are likely to affect his functions as member or Chairperson prejudicially.

g. Being guided by considerations extraneous to the merits of the case under his consideration with a view to favoring someone or implicating someone through any act of omission or commission.

h. Unduly influencing or attempting to influence any government functionary.

i. Committing any act of omission or commission which is punishable under Prevention of Corruption Act or is a misconduct.

j. If a member or the Chairperson in any way, concerned or interested in any contract or agreement made by or on behalf of any public authority in the Government of India or Government of any state or participates in any way in the profit thereof or in any benefit or emolument arising there from otherwise than as a member and in common with the other members of an incorporated company, he shall be deemed to be guilty of misbehavior.

(3) The following process shall be followed in respect of petitions for the removal of any member or Chairperson of Lokpal:

(a) Any person may move a petition before the Supreme Court seeking removal of one or more of the members or Chairperson of Lokpal, alleging one or more of the grounds for removal and providing evidence for the same.

(b) The Supreme Court will hear the matter on receipt of such petition and may take one or more of the following steps:

(i) order an investigation by a Special Investigation Team appointed by the Supreme Court, if a prima facie case is made out and if the matter cannot be judged based on affidavits of the parties. The Special Investigation Team shall submit its report within three months.

(ii) Pending investigations by a Special Investigation Team under sub-clause (i), order withdrawal of a part or complete work from that member.

(iii) dismiss the petition if no case is made out

(iv) if the grounds are proved, recommend to the President for removal of the said member or Chairperson

(v) direct registration and investigation of cases with appropriate agencies, if there is a prima facie case of commission of an offence punishable under the Prevention of Corruption Act or any other law.

(e) The bench shall be constituted by a panel of five seniormost judges of the Supreme Court.

Provided that the judges who have ever been members of the selection committee or against whom any complaint is pending in Lokpal shall not be members of the bench.

(f) The Supreme Court shall not dismiss such petitions in liminae.

(g) If the Supreme Court concludes that the petition has been made with mischievous or malafide motives, the Court may order imposition of fine or imprisonment upto one year against the complainant.

(h) On receipt of a recommendation from the Supreme Court under clause (b)(iv) supra, the Prime Minister shall immediately recommend the removal of the member(s) or Chairperson of Lokpal to the President, who shall order the removal of the said member(s) or Chairperson within a month of receipt of the same.

Powers and Functions of Lokpal

8. Functions of Lokpal: (1) the Lokpal shall be responsible for receiving:

(a) Complaints where there are allegations of acts of omission or commission punishable under the Prevention of Corruption Act

(b) Complaints where there are allegations of misconduct by a government servant,

(d) Complaints from whistleblowers

(e) Complaints against the staff of Lokpal

(1A) It shall be the prime duty of Lokpal to ensure the integrity of its own staff and employees, whether temporary or otherwise. Lokpal shall be competent and empowered to take all actions to ensure that.

(2) The Lokpal, after getting such enquiries and investigations done as it deems fit, may take one or more of the following actions:

a. Close the case, if prima facie, the complaint is not made out, or

b. Initiate prosecution against public servants as well as those private entities, which are parties to the act

c. Recommend imposition of appropriate penalties under the relevant Conduct Rules

Provided that if a government servant is finally convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, the penalty of dismissal shall be recommended on such government servant.

d. Order cancellation or modification of a license or lease or permission or contract or agreement, which was the subject matter of investigation.

e. Blacklist the concerned firm or company or contractor or any other entity involved in that act of corruption.

f. Issue appropriate directions to appropriate authorities for redressal of grievance as per provisions of this Act.

g. Invoke its powers under this Act if its orders are not duly complied with and ensure due compliance of its orders.

h. Take necessary action to provide protection to a whistleblower as per various provisions of this Act.

(3) Suo moto initiate appropriate action under this Act if any case, of the nature mentioned in clauses (a), (b), (c) or (d) of sub-section (1), comes to the knowledge of the Lokpal from any source.

(4) Issue such directions, as are necessary, from time to time, to appropriate authorities so as to make such changes in their work practices, administration or other systems so as to reduce the scope and possibility for corruption, misconduct, public grievances and whistleblower victimization.

(5) Orders made by Lokpal under sub-section (2)(c) of this section shall be binding on the government and the government shall implement it within a week of receipt of that order.

(6) Section 19 of the Prevention of Corruption Act shall be deleted. Section 6A of Delhi Special Police Establishment Act shall not be applicable to the proceedings under this Act.

(7) Section 197 of CrPC shall not apply to any proceedings under this Act. All permissions, which need to be sought for initiating investigations or for initiating prosecutions under any Act shall be deemed to have been granted once Lokpal grants such permissions.

9. Issue of Search Warrant, etc.- (1) Where, in consequence of information in his possession, the Lokpal

(a) has reason to believe that any person. –

(i) to whom a summon or notice under this Act, has, been or might be issued, will not or would not produce or cause to be produced any property, document or thing which will be necessary or useful for or relevant to any inquiry or other proceeding to be conducted by him;

(ii) is in possession of any money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing and such money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing represents either wholly or partly income or property which has not been disclosed to the authorities for the purpose of any law or rule in force which requires such disclosure to be made; or

(b) considers that the purposes of any inquiry or other proceedings to be conducted by him will be served by a general search or inspection,

It may by a search warrant authorize any Police officer not below the rank of an Inspector of Police to conduct a search or carry out an inspection in accordance therewith and in particular to, -

(i) enter and search any building or place where he has reason to suspect that such property, document, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing is kept;

(ii) search any person who is reasonably suspected of concealing about his person any article for which search should be made;

(iii) break open the lock of any door, box, locker safe, almirah or other receptacle for exercising the powers conferred by sub-clause (i) where the keys thereof are not available.

Seize any such property, document, money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article or thing found as a result of such search;

(iv) place marks of identification on any property or document or make or cause to be made; extracts or copies therefrom; or

(v) make a note or an inventory of any such property, document, money, bullion, Jewellery or other valuable article or thing.

(2) The provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, relating to search and seizure shall apply, so far as may be, to searches and seizures under sub-section (1).

(3) A warrant issued under sub-section (1) shall for all purposes, be deemed to be a warrant issued by a court under section 93 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

10. Evidence - (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, for the purpose of any investigation (including the preliminary inquiry, if any, before such investigation) under this Act, the Lokpal may require any public servant or any other person who, in its opinion is able to furnish information or produce documents relevant to the investigation, to furnish any such information or produce any such document.

(2) For the purpose of any such investigation (including the preliminary inquiry) the Lokpal shall have all the powers of a civil court while trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 , in respect of the following matters, namely:-

(a) Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;

(b) Requiring the discovery and production of any document;

(d) Requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office ;

(e) Issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents ;

(f) ordering payment of compensatory cost in respect of a false or vexatious claim or defence;

(g) ordering cost for causing delay;

(h) Such other matters as may be prescribed.

(3) Any proceeding before the Lokpal shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding with in the meaning of section 193 of the Indian Penal Code.

11. Reports of Lokpal, etc. (1) The Chairperson of Lokpal shall present annually a consolidated report in prescribed format on its performance to the President.

(2) On receipt of the annual report, the President shall cause a copy thereof together with an explanatory memorandum to be laid before each House of the Parliament.

(3) The Lokpal shall publish every month on its website the list of cases disposed with brief details of each such case, outcome and action taken or proposed to be taken in that case. It shall also publish lists of all cases received by the Lokpal during the previous month, cases disposed and cases which are pending.

12. Lokpal to be a deemed police officer: (1) For the purposes of section 36 of Criminal Procedure Code, the Chairperson, members of Lokpal and the officers in investigation wing of Lokpal shall be deemed to be police officers.

(2) While investigating any offence under Prevention of Corruption Act 1988, they shall be competent to investigate any offence under any other law in the same case.

13. Powers in case of non-compliance of orders: (1) Each order of the Lokpal shall clearly specify the names of the officials who are required to execute that order, the manner in which it should be executed and the time period within which that order should be complied with.

(2) If the order is not complied with within the time or in the manner directed, the Lokpal may decide to impose a fine on the officials responsible for the non-compliance of its orders.

(3) The Drawing and Disbursing Officer of that Department shall be directed to deduct such amount of fine as is clearly specified by the Lokpal in its order made in sub-section (2) from the salaries of the officers specified in the order.

Provided that no penalty shall be imposed without giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Provided that if the Drawing and Disbursing Officer fails to deduct the salary as specified in the said order, he shall make himself liable for a similar penalty.

(4) In order to get its orders complied with, the Lokpal shall have, and exercise the same jurisdiction powers and authority in respect of contempt of itself as a High court has and may exercise, and, for this purpose, the provisions of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (Central Act 70 of 1971) shall have the effect subject to the modification that the references therein to the High Court shall be construed as including a reference to the Lokpal.

13A. Special Judges under section 4 of Prevention of Corruption Act: (1) On an annual basis, the Lokpal shall make an assessment of the number of Special Judges required under section 4 of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 in each area and the Government shall appoint such number of Judges within three months of the receipt of such recommendation.

Provided that the Lokpal shall recommend such number of Special Judges so that trial in each case under this Act is completed within a year.

(2) Before making any fresh appointments, the Government shall consult the Lokpal on the procedure to be followed in selection to ensure the integrity of the candidates selected. The Government shall implement such recommendations.

13B. Issue of Letter Rogatory: A bench of the Lokpal shall have powers to issue Letters Rogatory in any case pending with the Lokpal.

13C. Powers under Indian Telegraph Act: An appropriate bench of Lokpal shall be deemed to be designated authority under section 5 of Indian Telegraph Act. Such bench would be empowered to approve interception and monitoring of messages of data or voice transmitted through telephones, internet or any other medium as covered under India Telegraph Act, read with Information and Technology Act 2000 and as per rules and provisions made under Indian telegraph Act 1885.

Functioning of Lokpal

14. Functioning of Lokpal: (1) The Chairperson shall be responsible for the overall administration and supervision of the institution of Lokpal.

(2) All policy level decisions including formulation of regulations, developing internal systems for the functioning of Lokpal, assigning functions to various officials in Lokpal, delegation of powers to various functionaries in Lokpal etc shall be taken by the Chairperson and the members collectively as a body.

(3) The Chairperson shall have an annual meeting with the Prime Minister to assess the needs of Lokpal for finances and manpower. Lokpal shall be provided resources by the Government on the basis of outcome of this meeting.

(3A) The expenditure so decided shall be charged to Consolidated Fund of India.

(3B) The Chairperson and its members of Lokpal shall take all steps to ensure the integrity of its employees and integrity of all enquiries and investigations. For this purpose, they shall be competent to make rules, prescribe work norms, prescribe procedures for swift and effective punishment against inefficient and corrupt employees and take any other step as they deem fit.

(3C) The Chairperson and members of Lokpal shall be responsible for and shall be competent to take all steps to ensure that the time limits provided in this Act are adhered to strictly.

(3D) Lokpal shall be completely independent of the government in all matters including administrative, financial and functional.

(4) Lokpal shall function in benches of three or more members. Benches shall be constituted randomly and cases shall be assigned to them randomly by computer. Each bench shall consist of at least one member with legal background.

(5) Such benches shall be responsible for

(i) granting permission to initiate prosecution in certain category of cases.

(ii) Hearing cases of complaints against its own staff.

(iii) Appeals in such cases of investigation or vigilance, which are closed by officials of Lokpal and which are of such categories as are prescribed by Lokpal from time to time.

(iv) Such other orders as may be decided by Lokpal from time to time.

Provided that the full bench of Lokpal may lay down norms as to which category of cases will be dealt by the benches of members and which cases would be decided at the levels of Chief Vigilance officers or Vigilance Officers. The norms could be based on loss caused to the government and/or impact on public and/or the status of the accused.

(6) The Lokpal may decide to initiate investigations into any case suo motu.

(7) The decision to initiate investigation or prosecution against any member of the Cabinet shall be taken by full bench of Lokpal.

(8) Certain matters, as provided under this Act shall be dealt by the full bench of Lokpal, which shall consist of at least seven members.

(9) Minutes and records of meetings of Lokpal shall be made public.

15. Making a complaint to the Lokpal: (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, any person may make a complaint under this Act to the Lokpal.

Provided that in case of a grievance, if the person aggrieved is dead or for any reason, unable to act for himself, the complaint may be made or if it is already made may be continued by his legal representatives or by any other person who is authorized by him in writing in this behalf.

Provided further that a citizen may make a complaint to any office of Lokpal anywhere in the country. It shall be the duty of that office of Lokpal to transfer it to appropriate officer within Lokpal.

(2) A complaint could be on a plain paper but should contain all such details as prescribed by Lokpal.

(2A) After its annual report has been presented in the Parliament, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India shall forward all such cases, which constitute an allegation under this Act, to the Lokpal and Lokpal shall act on them as per provisions of this Act.

(3) On receipt of a complaint, the Lokpal shall decide whether it is an allegation or a grievance or a request for whistleblower protection or a mixture of two or more of these.

(4) Every complaint shall have to be compulsorily disposed of by the Lokpal.

Provided that no complaint shall be closed without giving an opportunity of hearing to the complainant.

16. Matters which may be investigated by the Lokpal– Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Lokpal may investigate any action which is taken by or with the general or specific approval of a public servant where a complaint involving a grievance or an allegation is made in respect of such action.

Provided that the Lokpal may also investigate such action suo moto or if it is referred to it by the government, if such action can be or could have been in his recorded opinion, subject of a grievance or an allegation.

17. Matters not subject to investigation:- (1) The Lokpal shall not conduct any investigation under this Act in case of a grievance in respect of any action-

(i) if the complainant has or had, any remedy by way of appeal, revision, review or any other recourse before any authority provided in any other law and he has not availed of the same.

(ii) Taken by a judicial or quasi-judicial body, unless the complainant alleges malafides

(iii) If the substance of the entire grievance is pending before any court or quasi-judicial body of competent jurisdiction.

(iv) any grievance where there is inordinate and inexplicable delay in agitating it.

(2) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as authorising the Lokpal to investigate any action which is taken by or with the approval of the Presiding Officer of either House of Parliament.

(3) Nothing in this section shall bar Lokpal from entertaining a complaint making an allegation of misconduct or corruption or a complaint from a whistleblower seeking protection.

18. Provisions relating to complaints and investigations-

(i) (a) The Lokpal, on receipt of a complaint in the nature of an allegation or a grievance or a combination of the two, or in a case initiated on his own motion, may on perusing the documents, either decide to proceed to enquire or investigate into that complaint or decide, to make such preliminary inquiry before proceeding to enquire or investigate into such complaint or direct any other person to make such preliminary inquiry as it deems fit for ascertaining whether there exists a reasonable ground for conducting the investigation. The outcome of such preliminary enquiry, and if the complaint is being closed along with reasons for the same and all material collected during preliminary enquiry, shall be communicated to the complainant.

Provided that if any case is closed, all documents related thereto shall thereafter be treated as public. Every month, a list of all such cases shall be put on the website with reasons for closing a case. All material connected with such closed cases will be provided to anyone seeking it under Right to Information Act.

Provided further that no complaint of allegation shall be rejected on the basis of the motives or intention of the complainant.

Provided further that all hearings before Lokpal shall be video recorded and shall be available to any member of the public on payment of copying costs.

(b) The procedure for preliminary enquiry of a complaint shall be such as the Lokpal deems appropriate in the circumstances of the case and in particular, the Lokpal may, if it deems necessary to do so, call for the comments of the public servant concerned.

Provided that the preliminary enquiry should be completed and a decision taken whether to close a case or to proceed with investigations preferably within one month of receipt of any complaint, and positively within three months. Where the preliminary enquiry has not been completed within one month, reasons for the delay will be recorded in writing at the completion of the enquiry and made public.

(c) No anonymous complaint shall be entertained under this Act. The Complainant will have to reveal his identity to the Lokpal. However, if the complainant so desires, his identity shall be protected by Lokpal.

(ii) Where the Lokpal proposes, either directly or after making preliminary inquiry, to conduct any investigation under this Act, it.-

(a) may make such order as to the safe custody of documents relevant to the investigation, as it deems fit.

(b) at appropriate stage of investigations or in the end, it shall forward a copy of the complaint, its findings and copy of the material relied upon to the public servant concerned and the complainant,

Provided that such hearing shall be held in public, except in rare circumstances, to be recorded in writing, where it is not in public interest and in the interest of justice to hold it in public, it will be held in camera.

(iii) The conduct of an investigation under this Act against a public servant in respect of any action shall not affect such action, or any power or duty of any other public servant to take further action with respect to any matter subject to the investigation.

(iv) If, during the course of a preliminary inquiry or investigation under this Act, the Lokpal is prima facie satisfied that the allegation or grievance in respect of any action is likely to be sustained either wholly or partly, it may, through an interim order, recommend the public authority to stay the implementation or enforcement of the decision or action complained against, or to take such mandatory or preventive action, on such terms and conditions, as it may specify in its order to prevent further harm from taking place. The public authority shall either comply with or reject the recommendations of Lokpal under this sub-section within 15 days of receipt of such an order. Lokpal, if it feels important, may approach appropriate High Court for seeking appropriate directions to the public authority.

(v) The Lokpal, either during the course of investigations, if it is satisfied that prosecution is likely to be initiated in that case, or at the end of the investigations at the time of initiating prosecution, shall make a list of moveable and immoveable assets of all the accused in that case and shall notify the same. No transfer of the same shall be permitted after such notification. In the event of final conviction, the trial court may, in addition to other measures, recover the loss determined under section 19 of this Act from this property,.

(vi) If during the course of investigation or enquiry into a complaint, the Lokpal feels that continuance of a public servant in that position could adversely affect the course of investigations or enquiry or that the said public servant is likely to destroy or tamper with the evidence or influence the witnesses, the Lokpal may issue appropriate recommendations including transfer of that public servant from that position or his suspension, if he is a government servant. The public authority shall either comply with or reject the recommendations of Lokpal under this sub-section within 15 days of receipt of such an order. Lokpal, if it feels important, may approach appropriate High Court for seeking appropriate directions to the public authority.

(vii) The Lokpal may, at any stage of inquiry or investigation under this Act, direct through an interim order, appropriate authorities to take such action as is necessary, pending inquiry or investigation.-

(a) to safeguard wastage or damage of public property or public revenue by the administrative acts of the public servant;

(b) to prevent further acts of misconduct by the public servant;

The public authority shall either comply with or reject the recommendations of Lokpal under this sub-section within 15 days of receipt of such an order. Lokpal, if it feels important, may approach appropriate High Court for seeking appropriate directions to the public authority.

(viii) Where after investigation into a complaint, the Lokpal is satisfied that the complaint involving an allegation against the public servant, other than the Ministers, Members of Parliament and judges, is substantiated and that the public servant concerned should not continue to hold the post held by him, the Lokpal shall pass orders to that effect. In case of public servant being a Minister, Lokpal shall make such recommendation to the President, who shall decide either to accept such recommendation or reject it within a month of its receipt.

Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to the Prime Minister.

(ix) All records and information of Lokpal shall be public and shall be accessible under Right to Information Act, even at the stage of investigation or enquiry, unless the release of such information would adversely affect the process of enquiry or investigation.

Recovery of Loss to the Government and punishments

19. Recovery of loss to the Government: When a person is convicted of an offence under the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988, then the trial court shall quantify the loss caused to the government and additional gains that the accused would have earned by investing the proceeds of corruption and apportion such total amount amongst various convicts from whom this money must be recovered as arrears of land revenue.

19A. Punishments for offences: For offences mentioned in Chapter III of the Prevention of Corruption Act, the proviso to section 2(4) of this Act and section 28A of this Act, the punishment shall not be less than one year of rigorous imprisonment and may extend upto life imprisonment.

Provided that the punishment shall be more severe if the accused is higher in rank.

Provided further that if the offence is of the nature mentioned in the proviso to section 2(4) of this Act and if the beneficiary is a business entity, in addition to other punishments mentioned in this Act and under the Prevention of Corruption Act, a fine amounting to five times the loss caused to the public shall be recovered from the accused and the recovery may be done from the assets of the business entity and from the personal assets of all its Directors, if the assets of the accused are inadequate.

Dealing with complaints against judges of High Courts or Supreme Court

19B. Receiving and disposing complaints against Judges of High Courts or Supreme Court: (1) Any complaint against any Judge of a High Court or Supreme Court shall be dealt only by the office of the Chairperson of Lokpal.

(2) Each such complaint shall be subjected to a preliminary screening, which shall determine whether prima facie evidence exists of an offence under Prevention of Corruption Act. The screening shall be done by a member of Lokpal, who shall then present his findings to a full bench of Lokpal.

Provided that such full bench shall have at least three legal members.

(3) A case shall not be registered without the approval of a full bench of Lokpal with majority of members of that bench being from legal background.

(4) Such case shall be investigated by a special team headed by an officer not below the rank of a Superintendent of Police.

(5) A decision whether to initiate prosecution shall be taken by a full bench of Lokpal with majority of members with legal background.

Whistleblower protection

20. Protection of Whistleblower: (1) A whistleblower may seek the protection of the Lokpal if he has been subjected to or threatened with, professional or physical victimization.

(2) On receiving such a complaint, Lokpal shall take following steps:

(a) Professional victimization: If after conducting appropriate enquiries, the Lokpal feels that there is a real threat to the whistleblower on account of having made an allegation under this Act, it shall, as soon as possible but not more than a month of receipt of such complaint, direct appropriate authorities to take such steps as directed by the Lokpal.

(b) If a whistleblower complains that he has been victimized professionally on account of making an allegation under this Act and the Lokpal, after conducting enquiries, is of the opinion that the whistleblower has been victimized for having made an allegation under this Act, it shall, as soon as possible but in not more than a month, direct appropriate authorities to take such steps as directed by the Lokpal.

Provided that for clause (a) the Lokpal may, but for clause (b) the Lokpal shall, also issue orders imposing appropriate penalties under relevant Rules against the government servants who issued threats or caused victimization.

Provided further that no such penalties shall be imposed without giving an opportunity of being heard to the affected government servants.

(c) Threat of physical victimization: Lokpal shall conduct appropriate enquiries and if it feels that there is a real threat to the person and the threat is on account of that person having made an allegation under this Act or for having filed an RTI application to any public authority covered under this Act, then notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, the Lokpal shall pass appropriate orders, as soon as possible but in not more than a week, directing appropriate authorities, including police, to take such steps as directed by the Lokpal to provide adequate security to that person, to register criminal cases against those who are issuing threats and also to take all such steps necessary to mitigate circumstances leading to such threat.

Provided that if the threat is imminent, Lokpal shall act immediately, within a few hours to prevent physical assault on that person. If the complainant wishes to meet the Chairperson or a member, he shall be entitled to talk to them either on phone or through video conferencing or in person, according to the desire of the complainant.

(d) If a person complains that he has already been physically assaulted on account of making an allegation under this Act and if Lokpal is satisfied after conducting enquiries that the person has been assaulted because of his having made an allegation under this Act or for filing an RTI application in any of the public authorities covered under this Act, then notwithstanding anything else contained in any other law, the Lokpal shall pass such orders, as soon as possible but in not more than 24 hours, directing the concerned authorities to take such steps as directed by the Lokpal to provide adequate security to that person, to register criminal cases and also to ensure that no further harm visits on that person. If the complainant wishes to meet the Chairperson or a member, he shall be entitled to talk to them either on phone or through video conferencing or in person, according to the desire of the complainant.

(da) If a whistleblower alleges that police or any other authority has registered or initiated any case against the complainant or any other person on account of making a complaint under this Act or for using RTI Act, the Lokpal may, on the basis of enquiries, issue orders to appropriate authorities, to withdraw such case.

(db) In case of threat of physical victimization or if any person has been assaulted, that person, or any other person may complaint to any office of Lokpal anywhere in the country and it shall be the duty of that official of Lokpal to forward such complaint immediately to appropriate officer within Lokpal.

(dc) Lokpal may delegate the responsibility of providing protection to whistleblowers to upto the level of Vigilance Officers and in such case, such officers shall have the powers to direct the appropriate authorities, including local police, to take such steps as are necessary to ensure protection of that whistleblower.

(dd) If, after making a complaint to the Lokpal, any person is still assaulted, the concerned officials in Lokpal will be held responsible for criminal dereliction of duty or connivance or both, unless they are able to prove otherwise.

(e) If the whistleblower has alleged an act punishable under Prevention of Corruption Act, then for cases under clause (c), Lokpal may and for cases under clause (d), the Lokpal shall, assign the allegations made by that person to a special team, put it on a fast track and complete investigations in that case in not more than a month.

(f) If the whistleblower has alleged an act punishable under any law other than the Prevention of Corruption Act, then for cases under clause (c), Lokpal may and for cases under clause (d), the Lokpal shall, direct the agency which has the powers to enforce that law to assign the allegations made by the whistleblower to a special team, put it on a fast track and complete investigations in that case in such time as directed by the Lokpal.

(g) Lokpal shall have the powers to issue directions to appropriate agencies in the cases covered under clause (f), monitor such investigations and if necessary, issue directions to that agency to do the investigations in the manner as directed by the Lokpal.

(h) Whistleblowers, who face threat of physical victimization or are actually assaulted may directly approach the Chairperson of Lokpal who shall meet them within 24 hours of their seeking such meeting and shall take appropriate action as per provisions of this Act.

(3) If any complainant requests that his identity should be kept secret, Lokpal shall ensure the same. Lokpal shall prescribe detailed procedures on how such complaints shall be dealt with.

(4) Lokpal shall Issue orders to the Public Authorities to make necessary changes in their policies and practices to prevent recurrence of victimization.

(5) Lokpal shall make appropriate rules for the receipt and disposal of complaints from whistleblowers.

Grievance Redressal Systems

21. Citizens’ Charters: (1) Each public authority shall be responsible for ensuring the preparation and implementation of Citizens Charter, within a reasonable time, and not exceeding one year from the coming into force of this Act.

(2) Every Citizens Charter shall enumerate the commitments of the respective public authority to the citizens, officer responsible for meeting each such commitment and the time limit with in which the commitment shall be met.

(3) Each public authority shall designate an official called Public Grievance Redressal Officer, whom a complainant should approach for any violation of the Citizens Charter.

Provided that a public authority shall appoint at least one Public Grievance Redressal Officer in each station, where they have an office.

Provided further that the Public Grievance Redressal Officer shall either be Head of that Department or an officer not more than one rank below him but if that station does not have a Head of Department in any station, the seniormost officer in that station shall be appointed as the Public Grievance Redressal Officer.

(4) Every public authority shall review and revise its Citizens Charter at least once every year through a process of public consultation to be held in the presence of Chief Vigilance Officer in that public authority.

(5) Lokpal may direct any public authority to make such changes in their citizens’ charter as are mentioned in that order and that public authority shall make such changes within a week of receipt of such order.

Provided that such changes shall have to be approved by at least a three member bench of Lokpal.

Provided further than such changes should not increase the existing time limits or reduce the number of items in citizen’s charter.

21A. Receipt and disposal of Grievances: (1) The Chief Vigilance Officer of any public authority shall declare such number of Vigilance Officers, as it deems fit, to be known as Appellate Grievance Officers, to receive and dispose grievances related to that public authority.

(2)If a citizen fails to receive satisfactory redressal to his grievance within a month of making a complaint to Public Grievance Redressal Officer, can make a complaint to Appellate Grievance Officer.

Provided that if Appellate Grievance Officer feels that considering the gravity or urgency of the grievance, it is necessary to do so, he may decide to accept such grievance earlier also.

(3) If the complaint does not relate to an issue mentioned in Citizen’s Charter of that public authority, the Appellate Grievance Officer, within a month of receipt of complaint, pass an order either rejecting the grievance or directing the public authority to redress the grievance in the manner and within such time, as is mentioned in the order.

Provided that no grievance shall be rejected without giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to the complainant.

(4) A complaint to the Appellate Grievance Officer shall be deemed to have a vigilance angle if any of the following two conditions are satisfied:

(i) for issues mentioned in citizen’s charter, if a citizen fails to get satisfactory redressal from Public Grievance Redressal Officer.

(ii) for issues other than those mentioned in citizen’s charter, if the orders of Appellate Grievance Officer made under sub-section (3) of this section are violated.

(5) Each case, as mentioned in sub-section (4) of this section, shall be dealt in the following manner:

(i) After giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard, the Appellate Grievance Officer shall pass an order fixing responsibility for failure to satisfactorily redress complainant’s grievance in prescribed time and direct the Drawing and Disbursing Officer of that public authority to deduct from the salary of such officials, as mentioned in the order, such penalty amounts as are directed by Appellate Grievance Officer, which shall not be less than Rs 250 per day of delay calculated from the day the time limit mentioned in citizens’ charter or the time limit specified in the order passed under sub-section (3) of this section, for redressing that grievance got over,

(ii) Direct the Drawing and Disbursing Officer to compensate the complainant with such amounts as are deducted from the salaries of the said officers.

(6) The Officers mentioned in the order made under clause (i) of sub-section (5) of this section shall be required to show cause that they acted in good faith and did not have corrupt motives. If they fail to do so, the Appellate Grievance Officer shall proceed to recommend penalties against the said officers under CCS Conduct Rules.

21B. Annual Integrity Audit: Lokpal shall conduct annual integrity audit of each department as per guidelines to be made in this behalf by the Lokpal from time to time.

Imposition of major and minor penalties

21B. Allegations of misconduct shall be received and enquired by vigilance officers.

21C. Allegations of misconduct and public grievances with deemed vigilance angle under section 21A shall be dealt in the following manner:

(1) The vigilance officer shall conduct an enquiry into each such case within three months of its receipt and present its report to the Chief Vigilance Officer.

(2) Within a fortnight of receipt of report, the Chief Vigilance Officer shall constitute a three member bench of Deputy Chief Vigilance Officers other than the one who conducted enquiry at clause (1) above.

(3) The bench shall hold a summary hearing giving reasonable opportunity to the vigilance officer who conducted enquiry, the complainant and the officers accused.

(4) The bench shall hold hearings on day to day basis and pass an order either imposing one or more of the minor or major penalties on the accused government servants.

Provided that such orders shall be passed within a month of constitution of the bench.

Provided that such order shall be in the form of a recommendation to the appropriate appointing authority.

(5) An appeal shall lie against the order of the bench before the Chief Vigilance officer, who shall pass an order within a month of receipt of appeal, after giving reasonable opportunity to the accused, the complainant and the vigilance officer who conducted enquiries.

Employees and staff and authorities in Lokpal

22. Chief Vigilance Officer: (1) There shall be a Chief Vigilance Officer in each public authority to be selected and appointed by Lokpal.

(2) He shall not be from the same public authority.

(3) He shall be a person of impeccable integrity and ability to take proactive measures against corruption.

(4) He shall be responsible for accepting complaints against any public authority and shall transfer the complaints related to other public authorities within two days of receipt.

(5) He shall be responsible for carrying out all such responsibilities as assigned to him from time to time by Lokpal including dealing with complaints in the manner as laid down by Lokpal from time to time.

Provided that the complaints which require investigations under Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 shall be transferred to the Investigative wing of Lokpal.

Provided further that the complaints, other than grievances, against officers of the level of Joint Secretary or above shall not be dealt by the Chief Vigilance Officer and shall be transferred to the Lokpal, who shall set up a committee of Chief Vigilance Officers of three other public authorities to enquire into such complaint.

(6) All the grievances shall be received and disposed by Chief Vigilance Officer on behalf of Lokpal, if the citizen fails to get satisfactory redressal from Public Grievance Officer under section 21 of this Act.

(7) Such number of Vigilance Officers shall be appointed under the Chief Vigilance Officer as are decided by Lokpal from time to time.

(8) The Vigilance Officers and the Chief Vigilance Officer shall have powers to enquire and impose penalties under CCS Conduct Rules in such cases and as per such rules as laid down by the Lokpal from time to time.

23. Staff of Lokpal, etc.- (1) There shall be such officers and employees as may be prescribed to assist the Lokpal in the discharge of their functions under this Act.

(2) The number and categories of officers and employees shall be decided by the Lokpal.

(3) The categories, recruitment and conditions of service of the officers and employees referred in sub-section (1) including such special conditions or special pay as may be necessary for enabling them to act without fear in the discharge of their functions, shall be such as may be prescribed by Lokpal.

Provided that no official, whose integrity is in doubt, shall be considered for being posted in Lokpal.

Provided further that all officers and employees, who work in Lokpal on deputation or otherwise shall be eligible for the same terms and conditions as prescribed under this clause.

(4) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), the Lokpal may for the purpose of conducting investigations under this Act utilize the services of.-

(a) any officer or investigating agency of the Central Government; or

(b) any officer or investigating agency of any other Government with the prior concurrence of that Government; or

(5) The officers and other employees referred to in sub-section (1) shall be under the administrative and disciplinary control of the Lokpal:

(6) Lokpal shall have the powers to choose its own officials. Lokpal may enlist officials on deputation from other government agencies for a fixed tenure or it may enlist officials on permanent basis from other government agencies or it may appoint people from outside on permanent basis or on a fixed tenure basis.

(7) The staff and officers shall be entitled to such pay scales and other allowances, which may be different and more than the ordinary pay scales in the Central Government, as are decided by the Lokpal from time to time, in consultation with the Prime Minister, so as to attract honest and efficient people to work in Lokpal.

(8) Lokpal shall be competent to increase or decrease its staff at various levels, within its overall budgetary constraints, depending upon its workload and keeping in mind the terms and conditions of the staff employed.

24. Repeal and savings – (1) The Central Vigilance Commission Act shall stand repealed.

(2) Notwithstanding such repeal, any act or thing done under the said Act shall be deemed to have been done under this Act and may be continued and completed under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

(3) All enquiries and investigations and other disciplinary proceedings pending before the Central Vigilance Commission and which have not been disposed of, shall stand transferred to and be continued by the Lokpal as if they were commenced before him under this Act.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any Act, the posts of the Secretary and other Officers and Employees of the Central Vigilance Commission are hereby abolished and they are hereby appointed as the Secretary and other officers and employees of the Lokpal. The salaries, allowances and other terms and conditions of services of the said Secretary, officers and other employees shall, until they are varied, be the same as to which they were entitled to immediately before the commencement of this Act.

(5) All vigilance administration under the control of all Departments of Central Government, Ministries of the Central Government, corporations established by or under any Central Act, Government companies, societies and local authorities owned or controlled by the Central Government shall stand transferred, alongwith its personnel, assets and liabilities to Lokpal for all purposes.

(6) The personnel working in vigilance wings of the agencies mentioned in sub-section (5) shall be deemed to be on deputation to Lokpal for a period of five years from the date they are transferred to Lokpal. However, Lokpal may decide to repatriate any one of them anytime.

(7) That Department from where any personnel have been transferred to Lokpal under sub-section (5), shall cease to have any control over the administration and functions of transferred personnel.

(8) Lokpal shall rotate the personnel and create vigilance wing of each department in such a way that no personnel from the same department get posted for vigilance functions in the same department.

(9) No person shall be employed with Lokpal against whom any vigilance enquiry or any criminal case is pending at the time of being considered.

25. Investigation Wing of Lokpal: (1) There shall be an investigation wing at Lokpal.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 17 of Prevention of Corruption Act, such officers of Investigation wing, upto the level as decided by Lokpal, shall have, in relation to the investigation and arrest of persons throughout India, in connection with investigation of complaints under this Act, all the powers, duties, privileges and liabilities which members of Delhi Special Police Establishment have in connection with the investigation of offences committed therein.

(3) That part of Delhi Special Police Establishment, in so far as it relates to investigation and prosecution of offences alleged to have been committed under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, shall stand transferred, alongwith its employees, assets and liabilities to Lokpal for all purposes.

(4) That part of Delhi Special Police Establishment, which has been transferred under sub-section (3), shall form part of Investigation Wing of Lokpal.

(5) The Central Government shall cease to have any control over the transferred part and its personnel.

(6) The salaries, allowances and other terms and conditions of services of the personnel transferred under sub-section (3) shall be the same as to which they were entitled to immediately before the commencement of this Act.

(7) All cases which were being dealt by that part of Delhi Special Police Establishment, which has been transferred under sub-section (3), shall stand transferred to Lokpal.

(8) After completion of investigation in any case, the investigation wing shall present the case to an appropriate bench of Lokpal, which shall decide whether to grant permission for prosecution or not.

25A. Prosecution wing: There shall be a prosecution wing of Lokpal. After completion of its investigations, the investigation wing shall forward the case to prosecution wing, which shall decide whether to proceed with prosecution or not.

Provided that in certain category of cases, as prescribed by Lokpal, the permission to prosecute or deny shall be taken by a bench of Lokpal.

Provided further that the prosecution wing shall decide whether to prosecute or not within a fortnight of receipt of a case from investigation wing, else prosecution wing shall be deemed to have decided to initiate prosecution.

26. Complaints against officers or employees of Lokpal: (1) Complaints against employees or officers of Lokpal shall be dealt with separately and as per provisions of this section.

(2) Such complaint could relate to an allegation of an offence punishable under Prevention of Corruption Act or a misconduct or a dishonest enquiry or investigation.

(3) As soon as such a complaint is received, the same shall be displayed on the website of Lokpal, alongwith the contents of the complaint.

Provided that if the complainant so desires, his identity shall be protected.

(4) Investigations into each such complaint shall be completed within a month of its receipt.

(5) In addition to examining the allegations against the said official, the allegations shall especially be examined against sections 107, 166, 167, 177, 182, 191, 192, 196, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 217, 218, 219, 463, 464, 468, 469, 470, 471, 474 of Indian Penal Code.

(6) If, during the course of investigations, it is felt that the charges are likely to be sustained, such officer shall be divested of all his responsibilities and powers and shall be placed under suspension.

(7) If after completion of enquiry or investigations, it is decided to prosecute that person under Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 or he is held guilty of any misconduct or of conducting dishonest enquiry or investigations, then that person shall not work with Lokpal anymore. Lokpal shall either dismiss that person from the job, if that person is in the employment of Lokpal, or shall repatriate him, if he is on deputation, with a recommendation for his removal.

Provided that no order under this clause shall be passed without giving reasonable opportunity of being heard to the accused person.

Provided further that order under this clause shall be passed within 15 days of completion of investigations.

(8) A three member bench shall hear the cases of complaints against its staff and employees. However, for officers of the level of Chief Vigilance Officer or above, the hearings shall be done by full bench of Lokpal.

(9) Lokpal shall take all steps to ensure that all enquiries and investigations on complaints against its own staff and officials are conducted in most transparent and honest manner.

27. Protection- (1) No suit, prosecution, or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Chairperson or members or against any officer, employee, agency or person referred to in Section 14(4) in respect of anything which is in good faith done while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duties under this Act.

(2) No proceedings of the Lokpal shall be held to be bad for want of form and except on the ground of jurisdiction, no proceedings or decision of the Lokpal shall be liable to be challenged, reviewed, quashed or called in question in any court of ordinary Civil Jurisdiction.

Miscellaneous

28. Public Servants to submit property statements-

(1) Every public servant, other than those mentioned in Section 2(12)(a) to (c), shall within three months after the commencement of this Act and thereafter before the 30th June of every year submit to the head of that public authority, in the form prescribed by Lokpal, a statement of his assets and liabilities and those of the members of his family. Public servants mentioned in sections 2(12)(a) to (c) shall submit their returns in a format prescribed by the Lokpal, which shall include their sources of incomes, to the Lokpal with the aforesaid time lines.

(2) The Head of each public authority shall ensure that all such statements are put on the website by 31^st August of that year.

(3) If no such statement is received by the Head of that public authority from any such public servant within the time specified in sub-section (1), the Head of that public authority shall direct the concerned public servant to do so immediately. If within next one month, the public servant concerned does not submit such statement, the Head shall stop the salary and allowances of that public servant till he submits such statement.

Explanation- In this section “family of a public servant” means the spouse and such children and parents of the public servant as are dependent on him.

(4) The Lokpal may initiate prosecution against such public servant under Section 176 IPC.

28A. Properties deemed to have been obtained through corrupt means: (1) If any property, moveable or immoveable, is subsequently found to be owned by the public servant or any of his family members, which had not been declared under this section by that public servant and which was acquired before filing of last return under this section, the same shall be deemed to have been obtained through corrupt means.

(2) If any property, moveable or immoveable, is subsequently found to be in possession of the public servant or any of his family members, which had not been declared under this section by that public servant, the same shall be deemed to be owned by that public servant and the same shall be deemed to have been acquired through corrupt means by that public servant, the onus of proving otherwise shall be on the public servant.

(3) The public servant shall be given an opportunity to explain, within 15 days,

(a) in the case of properties under sub-section (1) of this section, whether he had disclosed that property in any of the earlier years.

(b) in the case of properties under sub-section (2) of this section, to explain why these properties should not be deemed to be owned by the public servant.

(4) If public servant fails to provide satisfactory reply under sub-section (3) of this section with respect to some properties, Lokpal shall immediately confiscate all such properties.

(5) Transfer of those properties for which notices are issued under sub-section (3) of this section, shall be deemed to be null and void after the date of issue of such notices.

(6) Lokpal shall intimate such information to the Income Tax Department for appropriate action.

(7) Appeal against the orders of Lokpal shall lie in High Court of appropriate jurisdiction, which shall decide the matter within three months of filing of the appeal.

Provided that no appeal shall be entertained after expiry of 30 days from the date of order of Lokpal under sub-section (4).

(8) All properties confiscated under this section shall be auctioned to highest bidder. Half of the proceeds from the same shall be deposited by the Lokpal in Consolidated Fund of India. The balance amount could be used by Lokpal for its own administration.

Provided that if an appeal has been filed in any case, the auction shall not take place till the disposal of appeal.

28B. (1) Within three months after the conclusion of any elections to the Parliament, the Lokpal shall compare the property statements filed by the candidates with Election Commission of India with their sources of income available with Income Tax Department. In such cases where assets are found to be more than known sources of income, it shall initiate appropriate proceedings.

(2) For an allegation against a Member of Parliament that he has taken a bribe for any conduct in Parliament, including voting in Parliament or raising question in Parliament or any other matter, a complaint could be made to the Speaker of Lok Sabha or the Chairperson of Rajya Sabha, depending upon the House to which that member belongs. Such complaints shall be dealt in the following manner:

(a) The complaint shall be forwarded to the Ethics Committee within a month of its receipt.

(b) The Ethics Committee shall, within a month, decide whether to

29. Power to delegate and assign functions: (1) Lokpal shall be competent to delegate its powers and assign functions to the officials working in Lokpal.

(2) All functions carried out and powers exercised by such officials shall be deemed to have been so done by the Lokpal.

Provided that the following functions shall be performed by the benches and cannot be delegated:

(i) Granting permission to initiate prosecution in any case.

(ii) Order for dismissal of any government servant under CCS Conduct Rules.

(iii) Passing orders under section 10 on complaints against officials and staff of Lokpal.

(iv) Pass orders in cases of complaints, other than grievances, against officers of the level of Joint Secretary and above.

30. Time limits: (1) Preliminary enquiry under sub-section (1) of section 9 of this Act should be completed within a month of receipt of complaint.

Provided that the enquiry officer shall be liable for an explanation if the enquiry is not completed within this time limit.

(2) Investigation into any allegation shall be completed within six months, and in any case, not more than one year, from the date of receipt of complaint.

(3) Trial in any case filed by Lokpal should be completed within one year. Adjournments should be granted in rarest circumstances.

30A. Transparency and application of Right to Information Act: (1) Lokpal shall make every effort to put every information on its website.

(2) Once investigation or enquiry is complete in any case, all records related to that case shall be available for public scrutiny. Lokpal shall preferably post all such records on its website.

Provided that the information, which is likely to disclose the identity of any person, who has requested anonymity and such information which is likely to threaten internal and external security of India shall not be disclosed.

31. Penalty for certain types of complaints- (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, if someone makes any complaint under this Act, which lacks any basis or evidence and is held by Lokpal to be meant only to harass certain authorities, Lokpal may impose such fines on that complainant as it deems fit, but the total fine in any one case shall not exceed Rs one lakh.

Provided that no fine can be imposed without giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Provided further that merely because a case could not be proved under this Act after investigation shall not be held against a complainant for the purposes of this section.

(2) Such fines shall be recoverable as dues under Land Revenue Act.

(3) A complaint or allegation once made under this Act shall not be allowed to be withdrawn.

31A. Preventive measures: (1) Lokpal shall, at regular intervals, either study itself or cause to be studied the functioning of all public authorities falling within its jurisdiction and in consultation with respective public authority, issue such directions as it deems fit to prevent incidence of corruption in future.

(2) Lokpal shall also be responsible for creating awareness about this Act and involving general public in curbing corruption.

31B. Reward Scheme: (1) Lokpal shall encourage complainants from within and outside the government to report and fight against corruption by publicly recognizing such persons.

(2) Lokpal shall also prepare an appropriate scheme to give financial award to such complainants.

Provided that the total value of such reward shall not exceed 10% of the value of property confiscated or loss prevented.

32. Power to make Rules – (1) The Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act.

Provided that such rules shall be made only in consultation and with the approval of Lokpal.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions, such rules may provide for .-

(i) the allowance and pensions payable to and other conditions of service of the Chairperson and members of Lokpal;

(ii) the powers of a Civil Court which may be exercised by the Lokpal under clause (h) of sub-section (2) of section 11;

(2A) Lokpal shall also be competent to make its own rules for the proper functioning of Lokpal.

(i) the salary, allowances, recruitment and other conditions of service of the staff and employees of the Lokpal;

(iii) procedure for registration of cases at Lokpal and initiation of prosecution

(iv) any other matter for which rules have to be made are necessary under this Act.

(3) Any rule made under this Act may be made with retrospective effect and when such a rule is made the reasons for making the rule shall be specified in a Statement laid before both Houses of the Parliament.

(4) Lokpal shall strictly adhere to the time limits mentioned at various places in this Act. In order to achieve that, Lokpal shall lay down work norms for each level of functionaries and make an assessment of the additional number of functionaries and budget required in accordance with workload.

32A. It shall be the duty of the Lokpal to train its staff at regular intervals and take all other steps to improve their skills and bring about an attitudinal change in dealing with the public.

33. Removal of difficulties- Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the President, in consultation with Lokpal or on request of Lokpal may, by order, make such provision -

(i) for bringing the provisions of this Act into effective operation;

(ii) for continuing the enquiries and investigations pending before the Central Vigilance Commission by the Lokpal.

34. Power to make regulations: Lokpal shall have power to make its own regulations for the smooth functioning of the institution and to effectively implement various provisions of this Act.

35. This Act shall override the provisions of all other laws.

dspic microcontroller

2011-04-10T17:05:00.001+05:30

FLY WHEELS---- new spin on energy storage

2011-04-04T07:44:00.003+05:30

A friend of mine recently installed solar panels on his roof to generate electricity. They were quite expensive, but my friend considers it an investment that will pay for itself in lower electricity bills over a period of decades. Of course, the panels generate electricity only when the sun is shining. The house is still connected to the electrical grid just like every other house in the neighborhood, but in such a way that it uses electricity from the grid only when the demand is greater than the output from the solar panels. When the panels are producing more electricity than is being used, the electric meter spins backward, and the electric company effectively buys the excess power. So if there were a power outage, the house would have electricity only during the day.

Homes that are “off the grid” and use solar panels or windmills to produce electricity must store the excess for times when insufficient power is being produced. The usual way to do this is to install a large bank of lead-acid batteries, similar to the ones used in cars. When electricity is being generated, it’s stored in the batteries, and when it’s needed, it’s drained from the batteries. The very same principle is used in hybrid gasoline-electric cars, on the International Space Station and in a number of satellites and spacecraft. It’s also fundamental to an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), which you can purchase to keep your computer going for a while or provide emergency lighting in the event of a power outage.

Battery Up
But there’s a problem with using batteries for storing electricity: they wear out. Even the most sophisticated modern batteries used in cell phones and laptops can only be discharged and recharged a finite number of times; sooner or later, they refuse to hold a charge. Depending on the type of battery and how it’s used, the lifespan can be as little as three to five years. Now, buying a new laptop battery every few years for $50 is one thing, but buying enough batteries to power a whole house is going to be enormously expensive. Meanwhile, those old batteries will need to be disposed of very carefully, because they contain toxic elements. And let’s not forget that such high-capacity batteries are both heavy and bulky. If you’re using them to power a space station, you’re going to face considerable inconvenience in replacing them.

Although chemical batteries are likely to be around for a very long time, those with a need for high-capacity, long-term electricity storage are eagerly looking for alternatives. One such alternative is based on a very old and simple device: the flywheel. A flywheel is simply a heavy spinning wheel that stores kinetic energy and then releases it as needed. Flywheels are common in mechanical devices from potters’ wheels to automobiles to clocks as a means of regulating or smoothing motion that comes in spurts. Because a flywheel can build up a good bit of inertia, it can keep a mechanism moving during lulls in energy input.

Now people are turning flywheels into batteries. Conceptually, a flywheel battery is very simple. Hook up a motor to a flywheel to spin it when electricity is supplied (storing the energy as kinetic energy). When you want to retrieve energy from the flywheel, hook it up to a generator. (In fact, the motor and the generator can be one and the same.) So you put electricity in and get electricity out, and in the meantime it’s “stored” as the motion of a spinning wheel.

Putting a New Spin on It
As you might expect, however, it’s not quite that simple. Because of the forces of gravity and friction, any flywheel will eventually dissipate all its energy and spin down. So for long-term storage, you want a design with as little friction as possible—which can be accomplished using magnetic bearings to make the wheel “float” and enclosing it in a vacuum to eliminate air resistance. Capacity is another issue. The greater the mass of the wheel and the faster it spins, the more energy it holds—though you improve efficiency more by increasing the speed than you do by increasing the mass. However, the faster you spin a flywheel, the more centrifugal force will build up, potentially causing it to shatter. So materials must be chosen (or created) very carefully, and the entire assembly must also be well shielded, in case the wheel shatters due to a defect or other problem. In the last decade or so, technological solutions to these problems have begun to present themselves, and modern flywheel batteries, which put out about ten times the power for their weight as lead-acid batteries, are beginning to appear with life expectancy ratings of 20 years or more.

Two problems that have not yet been solved are cost and scalability. Although it’s possible to purchase a flywheel battery to act as a backup power supply for your home or business, it will set you back many thousands of dollars—enough to pay for quite a few years’ worth of batteries. And you won’t see a flywheel battery small enough to power handheld devices or large enough to power a city block. Still, in an era that values devices with no moving parts as a design triumph, it’s fascinating to watch a good old-fashioned spinning wheel emerge as the battery of the future.—Joe Kissell

Former India players dish out harsh criticism

2010-05-12T16:44:00.000+05:30

Former Indian cricketers have lashed out at the team, blaming their inability to handle short-pitched bowling and the lack of preparation for their disappointing performance in the World Twenty20.

"The IPL is a domestic tournament and the standard is much lower than a world event where you are up against quality batsmen and bowlers. You don't expect to go to World Cup semi-finals if you play the way the team has played in the Caribbean. Yuvraj has to look at his game. If he doesn't perform for long periods, the selectors will not play him just on the basis of his reputation. Some of the players have got a lot of opportunities, but have not delivered. They have been around for quite a while and the entire country wants performances from them."
Sourav Ganguly believes the IPL may have lulled the Indian players into a false sense of security, and asks their seniors to pull up their socks.

"India's lack of adaptability has been a disappointment. What is baffling is that even though most batsmen showed a distinct sense of discomfort against the short ball during the World Twenty20 in England last year, they were picked again for an event on even bouncier pitches in the Caribbean. All other teams remember what happened last year and the tactics employed by them against the Indians prove this."
Sunil Gavaskar is baffled by the Indian batsmen's lack of preparation to counter the expected threat of short-pitched bowling.

"It's hard to put a finger on the exact reason [for the defeat] but of all the tournaments MS Dhoni has led India in, this is the most disappointing. At times you can be stubborn and stick to your ideas but he might want to be a little more flexible in future. Only 73 runs were scored in the last 10 overs despite having nine wickets in hand. There is no explanation for that. Tactically Yusuf Pathan should have come up in the batting order. Selectors will have to look for Twenty20 players who can play in all kind of conditions."
Ravi Shastri questions some of MS Dhoni's tactical calls.

"Obviously if you stay up the whole night, it would affect you. Players should be responsible enough. The game is more important than the parties. Excuses like these cannot be given after you lose. For a player, cricket should come first and everything else is secondary."
Mohammad Azharuddin is appalled by Dhoni citing the hectic IPL schedules, on and off the field, as an excuse for the side's performance.

"I don't think that [attending IPL parties] is a reason. Who was forcing them to attend these parties? They could have said no. I don't think they should say all this. These are silly excuses. Fact is they had gone there to win the World Cup and they just weren't good enough."
Madan Lal echoes Azhar's views and lampoons the Indian team for offering 'silly excuses'.

USEFUL WEBSITIES

2010-05-10T19:23:00.000+05:30

Best websites for fast reading

Best websites for fast reading and time managment

1. www.studygs.net

2. www.how-to-study.com

some usefull websites

FREE DVD SOFTWARE
http://www.afterdawn.com
http://www.tucows.com

Free download Car Driving Tips Cilck Here
http://www.indiacatalog.com (India Web Directory)**

Blog websites

http://www.blogger.com/
http://www.typepad.com/
http://geocities.yahoo.com/(Yahoo)
http://pages.google.com/
http://windowslivewriter.spaces.live.com/(Blog software)
http://www.livejournal.com/(Live journal)
http://wordpress.org/(Wordpress)
http://spaces.live.com/(Windows)
http://www.friendster.com/blogs.php(Friendster)
http://blogs.rediff.com/(Rediff)
https://addons.mozilla.org(FirefoxExtensions)

Free Messengers
http://gaim.sourceforge.net (A multi User IM)*
http://www.aim.com/ (AOL Messenger)
http://www.google.com/talk/ (Google Messenger)*
http://messenger.rediff.com (rediff IM)
http://messenger.yahoo.com/ (yahoo IM)*

Web Messengers

http://webmessenger.msn.com/
http://messenger.yahoo.com(YAHOO)
http://www.webcammax.com ( play videos in Messengers)
https://www.orkut.com (Add Unlimited Friends)

Sent E-mail in Your Mother Tongue
http://quillpad.in/

open WordPerfect in open office

http://libwpd.sourceforge.net/

Video Websites
http://www.youtube.com
http://video.google.com/
http://video.yahoo.com/

Free classifieds
http://www.sulekha.com/
http://classifieds.sify.com/
http://classifieds.rediff.com/
http://www.indiabook.com/classifieds/
http://classifieds.webindia123.com/classifieds/asp/index.asp

Free accounting softwares
www.abanda.com (AB Invoicing)
www.mechcad.net (Ace Money Lite)
www.resigo.com ( Resigo)
www.rupya.com (Stock Exchange)

Abiword - > www.abisource.com
Freespell -> www.hcidesign.com
Jarte(word) -> www.jarte.com
pdf Text Reader-> www.ctdeveloping.com
pdf Type writer-> www.ctdeveloping.com
Gnumeric(excel)-> www.gnome.org/projects/gnumeric/
photocoper-> www.nicocuppen.com

http://www.foxitsoftware.com (Foxit Reader .pdf)
http://www.adobe.com/(Adobe Reader.pdf)
create pdf online
https://www.pdfonline.com/track.asp

www.realizesoftware.com (speech products for your PC)*
http://vaachak.mla.iitk.ac.in(Text to Speech)

Free online offices

http://www.writeboard.com/ (word processor)
http://www.numsum.com/(online spreadsheet)
http://www.thinkfree.com (Free Online office)*

Find CD-Keys, Serial Numbers of many Softwares

http://katariya.6te.net/

Password Manager's

http://www.agatra.com/
http://www.passwordsafe.com/
http://www.handypassword.com/
http://www.roboform.com/

Organize photos softwares

http://www.corel.com (or) http://www.snapfire.com
http://moonpans.com/ (images of moon)
http://pg.photos.yahoo.com/ph/sugun098/(wall papers)*

http://www.windowsxlive.com/ (Vista Transformation pack)
http://www.desktopsidebar.com/(Vista Desktopsidebar)
Microsoft Power Toys

http://portableapps.com/ (Portable software for USB'S)

http://www.gimp.org(free Image Manipulation Program)

Web Desin sites

www.archiesonline.com
www.freegraphicland.com
www.freewebtemplates.com
www.freebiedirectory.com
www.thefreesite.com
www.buttongenerator.com
www.flashvortex.com
www.321webmaster.com
www.freewarejava.com
www.bravenet.com
www.alxnet.com
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/
http://www.webtemplates.com/
http://www.devguru.com/
http://www.builder.com/
http://www.dsiegel.com/
www.webpage-tools.com
http://www.cartoonster.com/ (freeonline animation notes)
http://archive.org/ ( old web pages)*
http://www.nvu.com/index.php(Web Authoring )*

Animation softwares sites
www.adobe.com
www.autodesk.com
www.visio.com ( MS office)
www.openoffice.org (Free openoffice)*
www.jasc.com
www.expstudio.com (Free audio editor)
http://www.vtc.com/ ( computer video cds)
http://www.sphoorthi.com/ ( Tutor cds)

Google sites
http://earth.google.com/ } ( Google earth) *
http://www.googleearthhacks.com/
http://spreadsheet.google.com/ ( Google online spread sheet)
www.google.com/shakespeare ( shakespeare stores)
http://www.google.co.in/intl/en/options/ (Google more)*
http://labs.google.com/accessible/( For blind people)
http://www.google.com/literacy(Google ilteracy)
http://news.google.com/archivesearch( google oldpapers news)
http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/(google operaing system)

Geographic sites

www.mapsofindia.com
www.nationalgeographic.com
www.geography.about.com
www.volcanolive.com
www.censusindia.com

Some other sites

http://www.bittorent.com/(p2p)

Ads site

www.themilliondollarhomepage.com*

Management System softwares*

http://www.geocities.com/sanjeev76_2002/*

More Utilities

www.aprelium.com ( abyss web server software)
www.whois.com ( to known who is this website)
http://www.coolutils.com/*

personal Developement Tips
http://www.pattabhiram.com/ *

Self-concept

www.narasimharao.com (Telugu site)

Online storage sites
www.streamload.com
www.gawab.com
http://www.xdrive.com
http://www.megaupload.com
http://sendspace.com/
http://rapidshare.com/
http://www.viksoe.dk(Gmail drive)

Science experiments sites
www.exploratorium.edu/snacks
www.hunkinsexperiments.com
www.west.net/science/expindx.htm
www.twinkiesproject.com
www.experiments.com/

online flowcharts

www.smartdraw.com
www.cumulatelabs.com/cumulatedraw/

mathematics sites
http://atozmaths.blogspot.com/

English learning sites
http://www.edhelper.com/
http://www.englishpage.com/
http://www.englishclub.com/ *
www.ohiou.edu/esl/teacher
http://www.eslcafe.com/
www.britishcouncil.org/india
http://www.puzzles.com/
http://www.thinks.com/
http://www.vocabulary.com/
http://www.brainbashers.com/
http://www.wordcentral.com/
www.onelook.com
www.reading-z.com
www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
http://www.hindu.com/
www.period.com/puzzles
http://www.education.nic.in/
http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm*
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/ ( world language)
www.veta.in ( english traning)

Online Dictionarys

http://dictionary.reference.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http://www.alphadictionary.com/
http://wordweb.info/

Online Telugu Dictionarys
dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/brown/
www.geocities.com/sivulinks/telugu-dictionary.html
www.omniglot.com/links/dictionaries.htm
www.multilingualbooks.com/onlinedicts-telugu.html

Free online Tutorials sites

http://www.e-learningcenter.com/
http://www.worldwidelearn.com/
http://www.programmingtutorials.com/ ( Programming)
http://library.albany.edu/internet/ ( Basic's of Internet)
www.java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/
http://www.w3schools.com/
www.kidzonline.org ( Animation tutorial)
http://www.word2word.com/ ( online language )
http://www.WatchAndLearnPhotoshop.com (Photoshop)
http://www.photoshoptutorial.net (Photoshop)
http://www.LearnWebDevelopment.com (Web Development)
http://www.LearnOffice2003.com (Microsoft Office)
http://www.WatchandLearnJava.com ( java)
http://www.LearnWindowsServer.com (Windows Server)
http://www.SQLServerTutorials.com ( SQL Server)
http://www.pagetutor.com ( Web Tutor)*
http://www.absolutecross.com/tutorials/
http://www.tutorialwiz.com/*

Courses sites

www.cdac.in ( CDAC)
http://www.csim.org/
www.whistlingwoods.net ( INSTlTUE FOR TELEVISION&MEDIA ARTS)
MicrosoftCertifications
http://www.microsoftlearning.com/
http://www.softwarecertifications.org/
http://www.skillset.org

Cellphone Training
http://www.wings-ict.com/
www.maxmobiletraining.com

Animation Training
www.arena-multimedia.com
www.tapasmedia.com
www.prismmultimedia.com
http://www.race-india.com

Health sites

www.allayurveda.com
www.ayurvedic.org
http://www.e-homoeopathy.com/
http://www.pediatriconcall.com/ (Baby names also)
http://www.dietsite.com/*
http://www.friends2support.org/
http://www.who.int/ ( world health organization)

Stammering Sites

www.indiastammering.com
www.speechfoundation.com
www.stammering.org

Neurology Sites

www.neurologynetwork.com
www.neurology.org
www.aan.com
www.neurologychannel.com
www.neuroguide.com
www.neurologylinx.com
www.neuroexam.com

Cooking Blogs&Sites

http://indiacuisine.blogspot.com/
http://cookingwithamy.blogspot.com/
http://memoriesnmeals.blogspot.com/
http://cookingmedley.blogspot.com/
http://food.yahoo.com/

Doctors Sites
www.doctor.vg
www.hon.ch
www.webmd.com
www.intelihealth.com
http://www.medscape.com/
http://www.emedicine.com/
www.medicalstudent.com

Desktop Enhancements

http://www.tropicalwares.com/
http://www.specop.se/
http://www.dexpot.de/
http://www.vlastudio.com/
http://www.pixelgirlpresents.com/
http://www.techsmith.com/
http://www.xentient.com/
http://www.dexpot.de/
http://www.tenmiles.com/
http://xpero.msfn.org/?page=home
http://www.kde-look.org/ (windows skins)
http://www.skingmail.com/ ( Gmail skins)

Desktop Search
http://desktop.google.com/( google desktop search)
http://www.copernic.com/ ( copernic desktop search)
http://desktop.msn.com/ ( msn desktop search)
http://desktop.ask.com/ ( ask desktop search)
http://desktop.yahoo.com ( yahoo desktop search)

Print Utility

www.findprint.com

English News Papers

http://www.deccan.com/
http://www.ddindia.gov.in/
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/
http://www.hinduonline.com/
http://www.indianexpress.com/
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
http://www.indiapress.org

Downloads Sites

www.download.com *
www.webattcack.com
www.freedownloadscenter.com/
www.tucows.com
www.topshareware.com
www.shareware.com
www.hotdownload.com
www.jumbo.com
www.freewarefiles.com
http://www.takdownload.com/
http://www.softpedia.com/
http://www.afterdawn.com/

Free Utilities
http://www.betanews.com/ ( new versions info)*
http://www.oldversion.com/ (old versions info)*
www.dll-files.com (for miss dll files)*
http://www.fontfreak.com/ (for fonts)
http://jalbum.net/ ( online j album)
http://www.typingtest.com ( Typing software)
www.splinterware.com (Online Diary)
http://www.extradrivecreator.com/ ( to create drives)

Free softwares From Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_software

Hardware Utilitys

http://processorfinder.intel.com/scripts/default.asp ( intel)
www.intel.com/support/processors ( intel support)
http://www.amd.com/ ( amd support)
http://www.apple.com/ ( apple computers)

Data recovery

http://www.newyorkdatarecovery.com/
http://forums.getdata.com/showthread.php?p=2323

Harddisk Recovery

http://www.recovermyfiles.com
http://www.getdata.com
http://www.stellarinfo.com
http://www.ontrack.co.uk
http://www.jufsoft.com
http://mozy.com/(online backup)

Drivers Softwares

http://www.driverguide.com/
www.msexchange.org
http://www.pctools.com/guides/drivers/
http://www.driverzone.com/
http://www.windrivers.com/
http://www.winfiles.com/drivers/?tag=wf.2014.lnk
http://www.zhangduo.com/
http://www.innovative-sol.com/drivermax/
http://cpuid.org/
http://www.gtopala.com/
http://www.drivermagician.com/ (online backup)

Bootable disk software

http://www.bootdisk.com/
www.nu2.nu
http://www.diskeeper.com/(Defragmentation software)

Search Engines

www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
www.twingine.com (yahoo+google)*
www.live.com
www.msn.com
http://www.information.com/
http://www.rollyo.com/
http://www.crawler.com/
http://www.kartoo.com
http://blogsearch.google.com
http://www.amazon.com/

Indian Search Engines

www.jadoo.com
www.khoj.com
www.iloveindia.com
www.123india.com
www.hindustan.net
http://www.kosmix.com/ *

Pivacy Search Engines

http://behidden.com/
http://www.the-cloak.com/anonymous-surfing-home.html
http://clusty.com/
http://ixquick.com/

Greetings Sites
www.123greetings.com *
www.3greetings.com
www.clubgreetings.com
www.hallmark.com
www.bluemountain.com
www.dgreetings.com
www.bharathgreetings.com
www.archiesonline.com
www.telugugreetings.com (telugu)
http://www.subhakankshalu.com/

A.P Universitys
www.andhrauniversity.info
www.kuwarangal.com
www.cdeou.org
www.padmavatiwomen-univ.org
www.braou.ac.in
www.svuniversity.in
www.skuniv.ap.in
www.ciefl.ac.in
http://www.uohyd.ernet.in/ (University of Hyderabad)

Total Educational sites

http://www.atozeducation.blogspot.com/*

www.dkrishnamurthy.com (Study Information)

Other links in A.P universitys
www.andhrauniversity.info/otherlinks.html

Links for Other States

http://www.iisc.ernet.in/
http://www.iimb.ernet.in/

USA Universitys
http://www.collegeview.com/
http://www.studyboard.com/
http://www.auap.com/

Comedk (kanataka k-cet)

http://www.comedk.org

Religious Sites
http://www.ttdsevaonline.com/( for online bookings) *
www.tirumala.org
http://www.bhadrachalarama.org/
http://www.kotappakonda.com/
http://www.telugubhakti.com/
http://www.eprarthana.com/*
http://www.templenet.com/*
http://www.annamayya.org

Jobs Sites
www.careerage.com
www.itjobs.com
www.naukri.com*
www.bestjobsua.com
www.jobcenter.com
www.timesjobs.com*
www.mosterindia.com *
www.goldenjobs.com
www.goldenjob.com
http://www.worldwidelearn.com/*
http://www.jobschronicle.com/*
http://www.jobs4testing.com/*
http://www.mywalkin.com/
http://www.softwarejobs.com/

E-resumes

http://www.resumebuilder.net/
http://www.aperfectresume.com/
http://www.resume-place.com/
http://www.gresumes.com/
http://www.e-resume.net/
http://www.resumelogic.com/
http://www.careerdesigns.com/

Resume maker

http://www.resumescorecard.com/

Encyclopedia

www.encyclopedia.com *
www.britannica.com *
www.go.grolier.com
http://www.answers.com/
www.wikipedia.com *
http://www.shotokai.com/
www.letfindout.com
www.kids.inforplease.com
www.go.grolier.com
http://www.encyclozine.com/
www.encarta.msn.com
http://www.brainboost.com/ (atoz)
http://www.rulers.org/ ( Rulers information)

Online Exams

http://www.testprepreview.com/
http://www.4tests.com/exams/exams.asp

Indian laws

www.navvio.com
www.indiapropertylaws.com
ww.vakillnol.com
www.icj-cij.com
www.courtsjudements.com
www.cyberlawindia.com
www.lawsindia.com
www.india-laws.com

Telugu news papers
http://www.eenadu.net/ *
www.vaarttha.com
http://www.webprapancham.com
www.andhraprabha.com
http://www.andhrajyothy.com/
http://www.andhrabhoomi.net/
http://www.vaarttha.com/
http://www.prajasakti.com/

Telugusites

www.teluguone.com
www.evaram.com
www.telugutoranam.com
www.telugu.babloo.com
http://www.telugupeople.com/
http://www.telugucinema.com/
http://www.idlebrain.com/
www.totaltollywood.com
www.telugufm.com
http://www.teluguwebsite.com/
www.telugufm.com
www.andhrabharati.com
www.teluguworld.org
www.sahiti.org
www.seetharam.com
www.maxpages.com/telugu/
www.sify.com/telugu/
www.telugubhakti.com
www.my-telugu.com
www.andhravilas.com
www.thatstelugu.com
www.engr.mun.ca/~adluri/telugu/index.html
www.telugubiz.net
http://sodhana.blogspot.com
http://mytelugulinks.blogspot.com/(more links)*
http://telugustation.blogspot.com/*

Telugu software & Tools
www.ildc.in (or) www.ildc.gov.in
http://pcl.to/unicode/
http://www.eemaata.com
www.bhashaindia.com
www.kavya-nandanam.com (pothana2000 fonts)
www.baraha.com (Baraha software)
http://www.geocities.com/vnagarjuna/padma.html ("unicode")
www.unicode.org *
http://te.wikipedia.org
http://www.telupu.com
http://eemata.com
http://telugubloggers.blogspot.com
http://chavakiran.blogspot.com
www.yudit.com
www.cdacindia.com
www.oremuna.com/blog
http://www.swecha.org/**

Telugu matrimones

www.telugumatrimony.com
www.bharatmatrimonial.com
www.jeevansathi.com
www.shaadi.com
www.rediffmathmaker.com
www.sify.com
www.nayarishta.com
www.indianmatromonialnetwork.com
www.matrimonialsindia.com
www.shaditimes.com

Indian Banks sites

www.andhrabank-india.com
www.statebankindia.com
www.syndicate.com
www.icicibank.com
www.unibank.com
www.rbi.org.in/home.aspx (RBI)
www.bankofindia.com/home
http://syndicatebank.in/
http://www.licindia.com/ (LIC)
http://www.centralbankofindia.co.in
http://www.idbibank.com/
http://www.hdfcbank.com
http://www.hsbc.co.in
http://www.denabank.com
http://www.vijayabank.com
http://www.ingvysyabank.com

Cellular sites&internet

www.ideacellular.com
www.airtel.in
http://www.hutch.in/
www.tataindicom.com
www.relianceinfo.com
www.vsnl.in
www.bsnl.co.in (Bsnl)
http://www.bsnl.co.in/onlinedirectory.htm ( Find address of Bsnl)
www.sancharnet.in
www.dataone.in (Dataone)
http://www.iway.com/ (sify i way)
www.tracert.org/bandwidth_meter/ ( Test your internet speed)*
http://news-in-phones.blogspot.com/ (New cells info)

Net to phone

www.skype.com
http://www.net2phone.com/
http://www.kishkish.com/(Record skype voice)

Mobile softwares
http://www.microtechnologies.net/
http://www.nokiasoftware.nl/
http://mobilechilli.com/ ( cellular gameing)
http://gallery.mobile9.com/
http://www.getjar.com/software/Sony-Ericsson/K750/set1
http://www.myk700.lasyk.net/K700i/Software/
http://www.lingvosoft.com/Software-for-Sony-Ericsson/

Languages sites
http://www.csharpfriends.com/
http://www.dotnet101.com/
http://www.dotnet247.com/
http://www.learnasp.com/

C&C++ language sites
www.freecompiler.com*
www.ice.rug.ni.does/cplusplus
www.programmersheaven.com
www.swep.com/~dodrill/cpplist.htm
www.acetheinterview.com
www.Cprogramming.com *
www.moskalyuk.com
www.softcorp.demon.co.uk/c++2.htm

C,C++ & Java etc source codes

http://www.sourcecodesworld.com/

Java&java model paper

http://www.alienmenus.com/
http://www.jchq.net/
http://www.jars.com/
http://www.java.about.com/
http://www.freeapplets.com/
http://www.javarach.com/
www.applets.tripad.com
www.valox.ch/jr/mocks
http://www.javafile.com/
http://www.codebrain.com/
www.codeproject.com
www.cnet.com/webbuilding
www.javacoffeebreak.com
www.javasoft.com

Oracle sites
http://www.oracle.com/index.html

Micro soft windows site

http://www.microsoft.com/
http://servicepack4.windowsreinstall.com/ ( windows software)

Browsers

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/default.mspx ( I E)
http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ ( Fire fox)
http://www.opera.com/ ( opera)
http://browser.netscape.com ( netscape navigator)
http://www.browzar.com/*

Linux sites ( o/s )

www.ubuntulinux.org
http://www.redhat.com/
http://www.distrowatch.com/
http://www.suse.com/
http://www.knoppix.com/
http://www.debin.org/
http://www.hbedv.com/
www.linux-india.org ( support)
www.linux.org
www.linuxgazette.com
www.linuxplanet.com/linuxplanet
http://openubuntu.blogspot.com/index.html
http://www.aplug.org/(A.p site)

Free books sites
http://www.gutenberg.org/
http://www.bookscrossing.com*
www.print.google.com *
www.techbooksforfree.com (Books for computer science)
http://www.freetechbooks.com*
http://referenceresources.blogspot.com/
http://freecomputerbooks.com/*

Computer Magazine's

http://www.ispsquash.com/Link_Magazines_Page.htm
http://www.developeriq.com/
http://www.geocities.com/sivulinks/(Telugu-magazines)
http://www.computervignanam.net/(Telugu)

Shopping sites

http://www.andhraonline.com/*
http://www.shopping.msn.com/
http://shopping.rediff.com/shopping
http://www.shopping.indiatimes.com/
http://shopping.sify.com/shopping
http://www.shopping.yahoo.com/
http://www.indiaplaza.com/
http://www.ebay.in/*
http://www.billjunction.com (PAY BILL ONLINE)

Sports information

http://www.espnstar.com

A.p state information

http://www.andhravision.com
http://www.indiapost.gov.in ( Indian postal)
http://www.eci.gov.in/ (Election Commission)
Railways
http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/
www.claims.indianrail.gov.in (Railway claims)

kids sites

http://www.kidsites.com
www.4kids.org
www.cartoonnetwork.com
http://disney.go.com/home/today/index.html
http://www.kidscom.com
http://www.kids-space.org
www.safekids.com
www.oriland.com ( how to paper folding)
http://www.zoo.com/(kids search )

Game sites

www.freecardgames.com
www.games.com
www.happypuppy.com
www.gamespy.com
www.playstation.com
www.classicpcgames.com
www.gamespot.com
www.finalfightgame.com
www.fileplanet.com
www.yourpsp.com
http://videogames.yahoo.com/ ( yahoo games)
www.abandonia.com ( Old DOS Games)
http://www.battlefront.com/
http://www.flightgear.org/*
http://www.colejuk.tk/
http://www.rockstargames.com/*

Gameing Mega Events

http://www.worldcybergames.com/
http://www.esworldcup.com/
http://www.thecpl.com/ ( cpl information)
http://www.caleague.com/ ( cpl regiration)
http://www.quakecon.org/
http://www.gamemaker.nl/ ( Game Maker)*

Chess sites

www.chessclub.com
http://www.chessassistant.com/
http://www.playchess.com/
http://www.itsyourturn.com/
http://www.games.co.in/

Quizs&pullzes

http://www.sudoku.org.uk/
http://www.sudoku.com/
http://www.sudoku-xls.com/
http://www.websudoku.com/
http://www.dailysudoku.co.uk/
http://www.miniclip.com/
http://www.coolquiz.com/*
http://www.funtrivia.com/
www.queendom.com/mindgames/quizdom/
http://www.puzzles.com/
http://www.quizbrain.com/
http://www.braingle.com/

Fun sites

www.googlefight.com
http://www.comics.com/ ( comics)
www.logogle.com (create your own logo)

measure your love

http://www.lovetest.com

Flie compression(7 ZIP,Tugzip free)

http://www.7-zip.org/
http://www.tugzip.com/
http://www.rarlab.com/download.htm (winRar)
http://www.winzip.com/downwzeval.htm ( winzip)

Online anti virus & Trojans

www.pandasoftware.com/activescan/ ( panda active scan)
http://housecall.trendmicro.com/ ( Trend micro house call)
www.bitdefender.com/scan8/ie.html (bit defender online scanner)
www.windowsecurity.com/trojanscan/ ( Trojans Scanner)
http://www.spamfighter.com/ ( spamfighter)
http://www.nod32.com/

Anti virus software

http://free.grisoft.com/ (Free AVG Anti Virus )*
http://www.avast.com/ (Free Avast Anti Virus)*
http://www.quickheal.co.in/ ( Quick heal Anti Virus)
http://download.mcafee.com ( Mcafee Anti Virus)
http://www.symantec.com (Norton Anti Virus)
http://www.windowsonecare.com/ (windows onecare)
http://www.clamwin.com/(Free opensource Antivirus)
http://www.activevirusshield.com(Free AOL Anti virus)

Anti spyware software

http://anti-spyware.thesitez.com/
http://www.safer-networking.org/ ( spybot search&destroy)*
www.microsoft.com/downloads ( ms anti spyware)*
http://www.javacoolsoftware.com/ ( spywareblaster)*
http://spywareblaster.com/
http://www.emco.com/ ( Emco malware destroyer)
http://www.webroot.com/*
http://www.pctools.com/(spyware Doctor -free scan)

Privacy Tools Software

www.scar5.com
http://www.ccleaner.com/*
http://www.digitalvolcano.co.uk/dupe.html

Virus information

http://www.icsa.net/
http://www.virusbtn.com/

Results sites

http://www.jntuap.ac.in* (a.p state)
http://www.jntu.ac.in/
http://www.aarvy.com *
http://results.sify.com
http://www.ushasri.com
http://www.eamcet2006.com ( eamcet online exams)*
http://www.livehyderabad.com
http://www.andhracafe.com
http://manabadi.com
http://www.results.nettlinx.com
http://www.timesngo.net
http://www.indiaresults.com*
http://www.aponline.gov.in (State Government) *
http://appsc.ap.nic.in/
http://www.apssa-eastgodavari.org/ (7th ESDT)
http://cbseresults.nic.in/
http://www.sbtetap.ac.in ( ceep)

Music sites

http://www.mp3.com/*
http://www.geocities.com/nashville/5601/ram25.html *
www.raaga.com/channels/telugu/
www.ragalahari.com
http://www.smashits.com/
www.twistermp3.com
www.audiogalaxy.com
www.musicaid.org
www.dmusic.com
www.launch.com
http://www.ramaneeya.com/
www.indiamusicinfo.com (learn online music )

Free codes

http://www.free-codecs.com/
http://www.k-litecodecpack.com/
http://www.codecguide.com/
FREE

http://www.mediamonkey.com/(Organize music)*
http://www.cutedvd.com/(media convertors)
http://audacity.sourceforge.net/(Sound Editor)
http://labs.adobe.com/technologies/(Audio editor)

Free media players
www.videolan.org*
http://www.winamp.com/(winamp)
http://www.apple.com(quicktime)
http://www.real.com
http://www.microsoft.com(windows media player)

Free sms
http://atozfunsms.blogspot.com/

Sports blogs

http://indiauncut.blogspot.com/
http://shwetz-online.in/blog/
http://www.sexy-maria-sharapova.blogspot.com/

some other websites

For Oracle and JAVA

http://tldp.org/LDP/sag/html/index.html http://www.tldp.org/guides.html
http://www.ansoft.com/support/installation/unixin0401.pdf
http://www.blast.com/software/UNIX_Install.pdf
http://osr507doc.sco.com/en/OSAdminG/CONTENTS.html
http://www.oreillylearning.com/
http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/admin/docbook/ch03.html

For Oracle DBA

http://www.lc.leidenuniv.nl/awcourse/oracle/server.920/a96521.pdf
http://www.stanford.edu/dept/itss/docs/oracle/10g/nav/portal_4.htm
http://www.puschitz.com/InstallingOracle10g.shtml
http://dba-services.berkeley.edu/docs/oracle/manual-10gR2/index.htm
http://edocs.beasys.com/wlp/docs92/pdf/db.pdf
<http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/netmgtsw/ps4748/products_installation_guide_chapter09186a00802b3f96.html

To Learn JAVA

http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/tags/syntaxref.fm8.html
http://www.devdaily.com/java/java_oo/java_oo.shtml
http://www.pageresource.com/jscript/jbasics.htm
http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/Servlet-Tutorial/
http://www.mindprod.com/jgloss/octal.html
http://www.jspinsider.com/showsource.jsp
http://www.javascripter.net/faq/openinga.htm
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/tutorial/doc/
http://husted.com/struts/tips/
http://javaalmanac.com/
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/corej2eepatterns/Patterns/
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-lang/java/programmers/faq/
http://www.sahiti.org/converter/index.jsp

CDAC CET PAPER - APR 2004

2010-05-08T17:25:00.000+05:30

CDAC PAPER - APR 2004

Fundamentals of Programming

27 The programming language that was designed for specifying algorithm
Address
ASCII
ALGOL
None of these options

28 _____ contains the addresses of all the records according to the contents of the field designed as the record key.
Index <------ans
Subscript
Array
File

29 _________ symbol is used for Processing of data.
Oval
Parallelogram <------ans
Rectangle
Diamond

30 __________ is the analysis tool used for planning program logic
Protocol
None of these options
PROLOG
Pseudocode

31 Machine language has two part format the first part is__________ and the second part is __________
OPCODE,OPERAND<------ans
OPERAND,OPCODE
DATA CODE,OPERAND
OPERAND,CODEOP

32 Language Primarily used for internet-based applications
ADA
C++
JAVA <------ans
FORTRAN

33 _________ is a point at which the debugger stops during program execution and awaits a further command.
Memory Dump
Watch point <------ans
Break point
None of these options

34 ________do not contain any program logic and are ignored by the language processor.
Protocol
Virus
Comment
None of these options

35 The component of data base management system is ________
Data definition Language
Data manipulation Language
Data definition Language and Data manipulation Language
None of these options

36 The quality of Algorithm is judged on the basis of_________
Time requirement
Memory Requirement
Accuracy of solution
All of these options <------ans

37 Advantages of using flow charts is
Effective Analysis
Efficient Coding
Time consuming
Effective Analysis and Efficient Coding <------ans
Programming in C

38 The Real constants in C can be expressed in which of the following forms
Fractional form only
Exponential form only
ASCII form only
Both Fractional and Exponential forms<------ans

39 The program, which translates high-level program into its equivalent machine language program, is called
Transformer
Language processor
Converter
None of these options<------ans

40 Consider the following statements.
i.Multiplication associates left to right
ii.Division associates left to right
iii.Unary Minus associates right to left
iv.subtraction associates left to right
All are true<------ans
only i and ii are true
all are false
only iii and iv are true

41 What will be the value of variable a in the following code?
unsigned char a;
a = 0xFF + 1;
printf("%d", a);
0xFF
0x100
0 <------ans
0x0

42 What is the output of the following program ?
#include
void main()
{
printf(" 10!=9 : %5d",10!=9);
}
1 <------ans
0
Error
None of these options

43 #include
void main()
{
int x=10;
(x<0)?(int a =100):(int a =1000);
printf(" %d",a);
}
Error <------ans
1000
100
None of these options

44 Which of the following shows the correct hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C
(), **, * or /, + or -
(), **, *, /, +, -
(), **, /, *, +, -
(), / or *, - or + <------ans

45 What is the output of the following code?
#include
void main()
{
int a=14;
a += 7;
a -= 5;
a *= 7;
printf(" %d",a);
}
112 <------ans
98
89
None of these options

46 What is the output of the following code?
#include
#define T t
void main()
{
char T = 'T';
printf(" %c %c ",T, t);
}
Error
T t
T T <------ans.I did'nt get d correct ans
t t

47 The statement that prints out the character set from A-Z, is
for( a = 'z'; a < 'a'; a = a - 1)
printf("%c", &a);
for( a = 'a'; a <= 'z'; a = a + 1)
printf("%c", &a);
for( a = 'A'; a <= 'Z'; a = a + 1) <-----ans
printf("%c", a);
for( a = 'Z'; a <= 'A'; a = a + 1)
printf("%c", a);

48 The statement which prints out the values 1 to 10 on separate lines, is
for( count = 1; count <= 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d ", count);
for( count = 1; count < 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d ", count);<------ans
for( count = 0; count <= 9; count = count + 1) printf("%d ", count);
for( count = 1; count <> 10; count = count + 1) printf("%d ", count);

49 What does the term 'call-by-reference' refer to?
Passing a copy of a variable into a function.
Passing a pointer to a variable into a function. <------ans
Choosing a random value for a variable.
A function that does not return any values.

50 What is the output of the following code?
#include
void swap(int&, int&);
void main()
{
int a = 10,b=20;
swap (a++,b++);
printf(" %d %d ",a, b);
}
void swap(int& x, int& y)
{
x+=2;
y+=3;
}
14, 24
11, 21 <------ans
10, 20
Error

51 What is the output of the following program code
#include
void abc(int a[])
{
a++;
a[1]=612;
}
main()
{
char a[5];
abc(a);
printf("%d",a[4]);
}
100
612
Error <------ans
None of these options

52 which of the following is true about recursive function
i. it is also called circular definition
ii. it occurs when a function calls another function more than once
iii. it occurs when a statement within the function calls the function itself
iv. a recursive function cannot have a return statement within it"
i and iii<------ans
i and ii
ii and iv
i, iii and iv

53 What will happen if you assign a value to an element of an array whose subscript exceeds the size of the array?
The element will be set to 0
Nothing, its done all the time
Other data may be overwritten
Error message from the compiler

54 What is the output of the following code?
#include
void main()
{
int arr[2][3][2]={{{2,4},{7,8},{3,4},}, {{2,2},{2,3},{3,4}, }};
printf(" %d",**(*arr+1)+2+7);
}
16 <------ans
7
11
Error

55 If int s[5] is a one dimensional array of integers, which of the following refers to the third element in the array?
*( s + 2 ) <------ans
*( s + 3 )
s + 3
s + 2

57 #include"stdio.h"
main()
{
int *p1,i=25;
void *p2;
p1=&i;
p2=&i;
p1=p2;
p2=p1;
printf("%d",i);
}
The output of the above code is :
Program will not compile <------ans
25
Garbage value
Address of I

58 What is the output of the following code ?
void main()
{
int i = 100, j = 200;
const int *p=&i;
p = &j;
printf("%d",*p);
}
100
200 <------ans
300
None of the above

59 void main()
{
int i=3;
int *j=&i;
clrscr();
printf("%d%d",++*j,*(&i));
}
What is the output of this program?
3 3
4 3 <------ans
4,address of i printed
Error:Lvalue required

60 What is the output of the following code?
#include
void main()
{
int arr[] = {10,20,30,40,50};
int *ptr = arr;
printf(" %d %d ",*ptr++,*ptr);
}
10 20
10 10 <------ans
20 20
20 10

61 Which of these are reasons for using pointers?
1.To manipulate parts of an array
2.To refer to keywords such as for and if
3.To return more than one value from a function
4.To refer to particular programs more conveniently
1 & 3 <------ans
Only 1
Only 3
All of the above

62 struct num
{
int no;
char name[25];
};
void main()
{
struct num n1[]={{25,"rose"},{20,"gulmohar"},{8,"geranium"},{11,"dahalia"}};
printf("%d%d" ,n1[2].no,(*&n1+2)->no+1);
}
What is the output of this program?
8 8
8 9 <------ans
9 8
8 , unpredictable

63 During initializing a union
Only one member can be initialised.
All the members will be initialised.
Initialisation of a union is not possible.<------ans
None of these options

64 Self referential structure is one
a. Consisting the structure in the parent structure
b. Consisting the pointer of the structure in the parent structure
Only a
Only b
Both a and b
Neither a nor b

65 Individual structure member can be initialized in the structure itself
True
False
Compiler dependent
None of these options

66 Which of the following is the feature of stack?
All operations are at one end
It cannot reuse its memory
All elements are of different data types
Any element can be accessed from it directly<------ans<------ans

67 When stacks are created
Are initially empty<------ans
Are initialized to zero
Are considered full
None of these options

68 What is time required to insert an element in a stack with linked implementation?
O(1)
O(log2n)<------ans<------ans
O(n)
O(n log2n)

69 Which of the following is the feature of stack?
All operations are at one end
It cannot reuse its memory
All elements are of different data types
Any element can be accessed from it directly<------ans

70 Time taken for addition of element in queue is
O(1)
O(n)
O(log n)<------ans
None of these options

71 When is linear queue said to be empty ?
Front==rear
Front=rear-1
Front=rear+1
Front=rear<------ans

72 When queues are created
Are initially empty<------ans
Are initialized to zero
Are considered full
None of the above

73 What would be the output of the following program?
#include
main()
{
printf(" %c", "abcdefgh"[4]);
}
abcdefgh
d
e <------ans
error

74 Select the correct C code which will read a line of characters (terminated by a ) from input_file into a character array called buffer.
NULL terminate the buffer upon reading a .
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch != ' ') && (ch != EOF) ) { buffer[loop] = ch; loop++; ch = fgetc( input_file ); } buffer[loop]= NULL;
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch = " ") && (ch = EOF) ) { buffer[loop] = ch; loop--; ch = fgetc( input_file ); } buffer[loop] = NULL;
int ch, loop = 0; ch = fgetc( input_file ); while( (ch <> " ") && (ch != EOF) ) { buffer[loop] = ch; loop++; ch = fgetc( input_file ); } buffer[loop] = -1;
None of the above

75 What is the output of the following code ?
void main()
{
int a=0;
int b=0;
++a == 0 || ++b == 11;
printf(" %d,%d",a,b);
}
0, 1
1, 1 <------ans
0, 0
1, 0

76 What is the output of the following program?
#define str(x)#x
#define Xstr(x)str(x)
#define oper multiply
void main()
{
char *opername=Xstr(oper);
printf("%s",opername);
}
opername
Xstr
multiply <------ans
Xstr

77 What is the output of the following code ?
#include
#include
void main()
{
char *a = "C-DAC
OO Programming Concepts

88 The ability to reuse objects already defined, perhaps for a different purpose, with modification appropriate to the new purpose, is referred to as Information hiding.
Inheritance.
Redefinition.
Overloading

89 The term given to the process of hiding all the details of an object that do not contribute to its essential characteristics is called _______.
data-hiding
packaging
encapsulation
abstraction

90 Object-oriented technology's ____ feature means that a small change in user requirements should not require large changes to be made to the system.
Abstraction
Modularity
Encapsulation
Modelling

91 An object has _____.
State
Behaviour
Identity.
All of these options.

92 Which of the following is true:
Class is an object of an object.
Class is meta class.
Class cannot have zero instances.
None of these options.

93 If a derived class object is explicitly destroyed by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to the object, the _____ function is automatically called on the object
Derived-class destructor.
Base-class destructor.
Base-class constructor.
Derived-class constructor.

94 In object orientated programming a class of objects can _____________
properties from another class of objects
utilize
borrow
inherit
adapt

95 Contracts are not meant to be used in cases of _______.
Composition.
'has-a' relationship.
'is-a' relationship.
Both Composition and 'has-a' relationship.

96 Inheritance through interface is called ________
Implementation inheritance.
Definition inheritance.
Delegation inheritance.
Interface inheritance model.

97 When a class uses dynamic memory, what member functions should be provided by the class?
An overloaded assignment operator.
The copy constructor.
A destructor.
All of these optionsq

98 ______ means that both the data and the methods which may access it are defined together in the same unit.
Data hiding.
Encapsulation
Data Binding
None of these options

99 The term given to the process of hiding all the details of an object that do not contribute to its essential characteristics is called _____________.
data-hiding.
packaging.
encapsulation.
grouping

100 Car contains a steering wheel is example of ________
Composition
Association
Composition and Association
None of these options

101 Can two classes contain member functions with the same name?
No.
Yes, but only if the two classes have the same name.
Yes, but only if the main program does not declare both kinds.
Yes, this is always allowed.

102 A contract is implemented through.
Class
Interface.
Abstract Class.
Interface and Abstract Class
English Language Ability

Directions:- The given pair of words contains a specific relationship to each other. Select the best pair of choices which expresses the same relationship as the given.

103 IGNOMINY : DISLOYALTY ::
fame : heroism
death : victory
derelict : fool
martyr : man

104 EXPLOSION : DEBRIS ::
flood : water
famine : food
fire : ashes
disease : germ

105 Bland : Piquant ::
inane : relevant
charlatan : genuine
slavish : servile
terse : serious

106 NEGLIGENT : REQUIREMENT ::
remiss : duty
cogent :argument
easy : hard
careful : position

Directions:- Choose the best word, which is most opposite in the meaning to the given word.

107 FETTER :
delay
stretch
comply
thrive

108 SEDULOUS :
rampant
esoteric
morose
indolent

109 SUCCULENT :
ordinary
tasteless
inexpensive
invigorating

110 DORMANT :
authoritative
elastic
active
uninteresting

111 COURT :
reject
uncover
infect
subject

Directions:- The given pair of words contains a specific relationship to each other. Select the best pair of choices which expresses the same relationship as the given.

112 INTIMIDATE : FEAR ::
Maintain : satisfaction
Astonish : wonder
Soothe : concern
Lion : tame

Directions:- Pick out the best choice which can complete the incomplete stem correctly and meaningfully

113 It was an extremely pleasant surprise for the hutment-dweller when the Government officials told him that__________
he had to vacate hutment which he had been unauthorized occupying
he had been gifted with a furnished apartment in a multistoried building
he would be arrested for wrongly encroaching on the pavement outside his dwelling
they would not accede to his request
114 In the closing days of the civil War, President Abraham Lincoln was planning to graciously welcome the defeated confederate states back into the
Union. After Lincoln was assassinated, however, the "Radical Republicans" in Congress imposed martial law in the South, creating resentment that caused problems well into this century. Had Lincoln lived, the history of regional conflict in 20th century America would have been considerably different. All of the following assumptions underline the argument above EXCEPT
The imposition of martial law in the South was primarily responsible for the resentment felt in the South
Had he lived, lincoln would have treated hte defeated South as he had planned Lincoln would have been able to prevent the Radical Republicans in Congress from imposing martial law in the South
Factors other than the imposition of martial law in the South affected the history of regional conflicts in 20th century America

115 A politician wrote the following: "I realize there are shortcomings to the questionaire method. However, since I send a copy of the quetionnaire to every home in the district, I believe the results are quite representative.... I think the numbers received are so large that it is quite accurate even though the survey is not done scientifically" Most people who received the questionnaire have replied
Most people in the district live in homes. the questionnaire method of data collection is unscientific. A large, absolute number of replies is synonymous with accuracy

116 A worldwide ban on the production of certain ozone-destroying chemicals would provide only an illusion of protection. Quantities of such chemicals, already produced, exist as coolants in millions of refrigerators. When they reach the ozone layer in the atmosphere, their action cannot be halted. So there is no way to prevent these chemicals from damaging the ozone layer further. Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
It is impossible to measure with accuracy the quantity of ozone-destroying chemicals that exist as coolants in refrigerators.
In modern societies, refrigeration of food is necessary to prevent unhealthy and potentially life-threatening conditions.
Even if people should give up the use of refrigerators, the coolants already in existing refrigerators are a threat to atmospheric ozone.
The coolants in refrigerators can be fully recovered at the end of the useful life of the refrigerators and reused.

117 Every town with a pool hall has its share of unsavory characters. This is because the pool hall attracts gamblers and all gamblers are unsavory. Which of the following, if true cannot be inferred from the above?
All gamblers are unsavory.
All pool halls attract gamblers.
Every town has unsavory characters.
All gamblers are attracted by pool halls.

Directions:- The workweek in a small business is a five-day workweek running from Monday through Friday. In each workweek, activities L,M,N,O and P must all be done.The work is subject to the following restrictions:

L must be done earlier in the week than O and earlier than P
M must be done earlier in the week than N and earlier than O
No more than one of the activities can ever be done on any one day

118 Which of the following is an acceptable schedule starting from Monday to Friday?
L, M, N, O, P <-------------ans
M, N, O, N, M
O, N, L, P, M
P, O, L, M, L

119 In a game, exactly six inverted cups stand side by side in a straight line, and each has exactly one ball hidden under it. The cups are numbered consecutively 1 through 6. Each of the balls is painted a single solid color. The colors of the balls are green, magenta, orange, purple, red, and yellow. The balls have been hidden under the cups in a manner that conforms to the following conditions:

The purple ball must be hidden under a lower-numbered cup than the orange ball.
The red ball must be hidden under a cup immediately adjacent to the cup under which the magenta ball is hidden.
The green ball must be hidden under cup 5.

Which of the following could be the colors of the balls under the cups, in order from 1 through 6?
Green, yellow, magenta, red, purple, orange
Magenta, green, purple, red, orange, yellow
Magenta, red, purple, yellow, green, orange <-------------ans
Orange, yellow, red, magenta, green, purple

Directions:- In a group there are five students coded as P Q R S T.Q and R are intelligent in mathematics and geology. P and R are intelligent in mathematics and hindi. Q and S are intelligent in psychology and buddhist studies.T is intelligent in buddhist studies hindi and psychology

120 who is intelligent in psychology, geology and buddhist studies
Q <-------------ans
T
R
S

Directions:- The following questions are based on the following situations.
Asha, Babli, Charn, Deepti, Eira, Farha are cousins. No two cousins are of the same age , but all have birth days on the same date in that year .The youngest is 17 years old and the oldest is Eira is 22.Farha is somewhere between Babli and Deepti in age.Asha is older than Babli. Charn is older than Deepti

121 If asha is one year older than charn the number of logically possible orderins of all six cousins by increasing age is
2 <-------------ans( Babli,Asha, Farha, Charn, Deepti, Eira)
3
4
5

122 It is easier to swim in the sea water than in river water because
sea is vast mass of water
sea water is generally calm
the density of sea water is higher than river water <-------------ans
they water of sea is cool and greenish

123 starting from a point x jayant walked 15metres towards the west he turned to his left and walked 20 metres he then turned to his left and walked 15 metres he then further turned to his right and walked 12 metres how far is jayant from the point x and in which direction? N
32 metres south -
47 metres east W-------E
42 metres north -
27 metres south <-------------ans S

124 Rock and roll music started in the 1950s as a young mans medium and rock is still best performed by men in their twenties and thirties. As rock performers grow into their forties and even fifties, they are simply less physically capable of producing the kind of exciting music they did when they were younger. All of the following assumptions underline the argument above EXCEPT:
As rock performers mature, their performances tend to become less exciting
Rock music is dominated by male performers
Women performers have always played a significant role in rock music
The physical demands of performing rock are better met by the young <-------------ans

Mathematical Problems

125 Which of the following statements are true, if
x + y + z = 10 y >= 5 and 4 >= z >= 3
1. x < z
2. x > y
3. x + z <= y

1 only
2 only
3 only
1 and 3 only <-------------ans

126 The solution of the equation 4 - 5(2y + 4) = 4 is
-2/5
8
4
-2 <-------------ans

127 When x5 + 1 is divided by (x - 2), the remainder is
15
17
31
33

128 How many terms of the series -9 , -6 , -3 ,.must be taken such that the sum may be 66?
11
13
9 <-------------ans
10

129 The side of a rectangle are whole numbers. What must their lengths be for the perimeter for the rectangle to be numerically equal to its area?
3 and 6
4 and 5
4 and 6
5 and 5

130 A path 7 metres wide surrounds a circular lawn whose diameter is 252m. What is the area of path?
5698 sq.mtrs.
5000 sq.mtrs.
5500 sq. mtrs.
None of these

131 If the negative of the sum of two consecutive odd numbers is less than -35, which of the following may be one of the numbers?
18 <-------------ans
16
15
13

132 What is the perimeter of a rectangle that is twice as long as it is wide and has the same area as a circle of diameter 8?
8(P)1/2
8P
12(2P)1/2
12P

133 Towns A and C are connected by a straight highway which is 60 miles long. The straight line distance between town A and town B is 50 miles, and the straight line distance from town B to town C is 50 miles. How many miles is it from town B to the point on the highway connecting town A and C which is closest to town B?
30
40
50
60

134 A batsman played 17 innings during a season and he was not out. The score of 85 improves his average by 3 runs in the 17th innings. His average score after 16th innings is
37
35
34
36

135 If paper costs 1 paisa per sheet, and a buyer gets a 2% discount on all the paper he buys after the first 1000 sheets, how much will it costs to buy 5000 sheets of paper?
Rs 49.30
Rs 50.00
Rs 39.20
Rs 49.20

136 The income of a broker remains unchanged though the rate of commission
is increased from 4% to 5%. The percentage of slump in business is
8%
1%
20%
80%

137 There are 4 quarts in a gallon. A gallon of motor oil sells for Rs.12 and a quart of the same oil sells for Rs.5. The owner of a rental agency has 6 machines and each machine needs 5 quarts of oil. What is the minimum amount of money she must spend to purchase enough oil ?
Rs.84
Rs.94
Rs.96
Rs.102

138 A truck departed from Newton at 11:53a.m. and arrived in Far City, 240 miles away, at 4:41 p.m. on the same day. What was the approximate average speed of the truck on this trip?
16/1,200 MPH
40/288 MPH
1,494/240 MPH
50 MPH

139 A girl rode her bicycle from home to school, a distance of 15 miles, at an average speed of 15 miles per hour. She returned home from school by walking at an average speed of 5 miles per hour. What was her average speed for the round trip if she took the same route in both directions?
7.5 miles per hour
10 miles per hour
12.5 miles per hour
13 miles per hour

140 A is thrice as good a workman as B. If the time taken by B to do piece of works exceeds that taken by A by 8 days. In how many days A does the work.
8
4
12
10

141 The population of a town was 54,000 in the last census. It has increased 2/3 since then. Its present population is
18,000
36,000
72,000
90,000

142 One hundred job applicants show up in response to a classified ad. If 60 percent of them are female and if 3/4 of the female applicants are willing to relocate if the job demands it, how many are not willing to relocate?
55
45
15
It cannot be determined from the information given

143 Mr. Smith drove at an average speed of 50mph for the first two hours of his trip. For the next three hours, he averaged 20 mph. What was Mr. Smith's average speed for the five-hour trip ?
20 mph
32 mph
35 mph
38 mph

144 A postal truck leaves its station and heads for Chicago, averaging 40mph. An error in the mailing schedule is spotted and 24 minutes after the truck leaves, a car is sent to overtake the truck. If the car averages 50mph, how long will it take to catch the postal truck?
1.6 hours
3 hours
2 hours
1.5 hours

145 The length breadth and height of a cuboid are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. The length, breadth and height of the cuboid are increased by 100%, 200% and 200% respectively. Then the increase in the volume of the cuboid is
5 times
6 times
12 times
17 times

146 An Automobile covers the distance between two cities at a speed of 60km.
per hour and on the return journey it covers at a speed of 40 km. per hour. Find the average speed.
60
50
48
55

147 A man buys 200 shares (par value of Rs.10) of a company, which pays 12% per annum as dividend, at such a price he gets 15% on his money. Find the market value(app.) of a share.
Rs. 9
Rs. 12
Rs. 8
Rs. 7.50

148 An old picture has dimensions 33 inches by 24 inches. What one length must be cut from each dimension so that the ratio of the shorter side to the longer side is 2:3?
2 inches
6 inches
9 inches
10 1/2 inches

149 Hiralal earned a profit of Rs. 300 by selling 100 kg of mixture of A and B types of rice at a total price of Rs. 1100. What was the proportion of A and B types of rice in the mixture if the cost prices of A and B types of rice are Rs. 10 and Rs. 5 per kg respectively ?
3 : 2
2 : 5
2 : 773
5 : 2

150 A fraction has a value of 2/5. If the numerator is decreased by 2 and the denominator increased by 1, then the resulting fraction is 1/4. What is the value of the numerator of the original fraction ?
5
6
7
8

CDAC CET - C,C++ QUESTIONS

2010-05-08T17:22:00.000+05:30

The technical side will be from c and c++? and im hosting some of the c and c++ questions:

1.Find which one of the following is correct?
a) !(p||q) !p || !q
b) !!!p = !p
c) p && q || r p && ( q || r )
d) nothing

2. find the output of the following program?
main()
{
static i = 3;
pringf("%d",i--)
return i >0 ? main():0;
}
ans:
a)333
b)321
c)111
d)error in the code

3.find the output of the following program?
main()
{
charp[] = "%d\n";
p[1] = 'c'c;
printf(p,65);
}
ans:
a) 0
b) a
c) A
d) error in the code

4.which will return integer?
a) int*s ( )
b) ( int* ) s( )
b) int ( *s ) ( )

5.find the output of the following program?
char*myfunc(char*ptr)
{
ptr +=3;
return (ptr);
}
int main()
{
char*x,*y;
x="HELLO";
y=myfunc(x);
printf("y = %s\n",y);
return 0;
}
ans:
a) HELLO
b) LLO
c) LO
d) L

6.find the output of the following program?
main()
{
int i = _1_abc(10);
printf("%d\n",--i);
}
{
int_1_abc(int i)
{
return(++i);
}
ans:
a)10
b)11
c)9
d)error

7.In order to force derived class A to redefine a function a fun, void foo( )
how should A declare foo( )? http://www.ChetanaS.org
inline foo()
virtual voidfoo( ) = 0

8. which operator cant be overloaded?
ans:
a) &;
b) [ ] ;
c) :: ;
d) all the above;

8.If u allocate it as,
    int *ptr = new int [ 25];
How will u deallocate it ?
ans:
a)   delete *pint;
b)   delete [ ] pint;
c)   delete pint [25];
d)   all ;

9. which virtual ?
a) constant;
b) static function;
c) return;
d) none;

10. How many times "hello world" will be printed?
void fun(int n)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < = n; i ++)
{
fun(n-i);
printf("hello world");
}
}
ans:
a)infinite
b)zero
c)one
d)n times

CDAC CET- PATTERN

2010-05-08T17:18:00.000+05:30

APTITUDE (20 Questions)

1. Questions on coding & decodinghttp://www.ChetanaS.org
2. Question on series (the questions were not striking at glance)

3. There were questions like, an expression is given 4+5*9/3*27=9(say), which two signs should be interchanged so that the expression evaluates to be 13(say).

4. Problem on mixture, like a shopkeeper earns a profit of 10% on selling a product 'C' at Rs 22/kg. C is mixture of A&B. if A's cost is Rs14/kg, then find B's.

5. There are two numbers. If the bigger one is multiplied by 3 then divided b the smaller one the reminder "ient comes out to be r1&q1. if the smaller one is first is multiplied by 5&then divided by bigger one the remainder "ient are r2,q2. find the bigger number.

The numerical values of r1,q1,r2&q2 were given.

**** BOOK:- R.S.AGGARWAL

C LANGUAGE (40 Questions)

1. Good quality questions that tests theory of “c”.

2. Good number of problems that involves pointers & strings.

3. few questions on function calling, conditional operators, hierarchy of logical AND & logical OR.

The quality of questions was extremely good.

**** BOOK:- EXPLORING 'C'

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS (40 Questions)

1. Extremely good questions on coding, the term “excess code” appeared a number of times, there was also good question on basic term radix. e.g which coding is best suitable for complement operation.

2. What is the minimum no. NAND gates that are required to implement a given Boolean expression?

3. Treatment of logic gates wih high or low enable inputs, there was a term “floating point “ that appeared in context with o/p of logic gates..

4. Simple questions from combinational & sequential circuits.

5. performance parameters of various digital logic families (all sorts of TTL, ECL, IIL, MOS, CMOS).

6. Few basic questions from microprocessor that involves the topics interrupt, interrupt handling, addressing modes.http://www.ChetanaS.org
**** BOOK:- DIGITAL ELECTRONICS BY MORRIS MANO

Indian firm gives handset biggies run for their money

2010-05-01T03:37:00.003+05:30

New Delhi: When four friends planned to diversify their IT hardware distribution business and start making mobile phones, which would specifically suit Indian consumers, did not know that after two years, they will be giving mobile handset majors; such as Nokia, Samsung and LG, a run for their money, reports Economic Times.

In the two years of span, Micromax grew to become the third-largest GSM mobile phone vendor in India, after Nokia and Samsung, with a market share of six percent. According to research firm IDC, this Rs.1,600 crore brand, which sells around one million mobiles every month, has a presence in more than 500 districts through 70,000 retail outlets. Speaking on this subject, Vikas Jain, one of the four founders of Micromax Informatics, the company that owns the Micromax Mobile brand, said, "We saw that the MNC brands were not selling phones that suited Indian consumers' requirements. This void had to be filled. So in April 2008, we forayed into the handset market."

Targeting specifically at the rural masses, the company has also started selling handsets that come with features appealing to urban consumers such as music phones, qwerty and internet-enabled handsets. "We wanted to approach the market in a different manner by first going to rural and semi-urban areas, establishing a good distribution base and then targeting the big cities," said Vikas Jain.

Recently, the company came up with a universal remote control phone, one that can be paired to household appliances like the TV, AC, to act as a remote control for them. "We have to be quick in launching new products as competitors can also copy a lot of this soon enough," reasons Jain.

Is it worthwhile to hire non-techies for techies' work?

2010-05-01T03:37:00.000+05:30

Bangalore: With the new trend being set up by IT firms to hire non-techies to do techies' work, it seems that working hard at engineering colleges for 3-4 years to enter this field is worthless. In the last few months, it is noticed that many of the Indian IT companies such as TCS, Wipro and Infosys are turning towards non engineering graduates for the same work that engineering graduates have been doing for long.

For instance, Nandini Sahay is currently working in one of the Indian IT firms as a Software Engineer after completing her BA degree in History and one year certificate course in computer programming. It might be a dream comes true for this village girl Nandini, whose parents feed their stomachs by earning from agriculture field in the remote area of Andhra Pradesh, but at the same time, these IT firms need to think of those millions of engineering graduates, who have worked hard for 3-4 years to enter this field, are sitting idle to get better opportunities. One of the many students, who are feeling the heat of this new trend, is Gaurav Jain, B.Tech/B.E. student at Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur. He said, "If it is possible to train one person in just six months or one year then why engineers are taught for four years?"

So the big question - will these hiring of non-techies affect the quality of work? Mahalakshmi Subramanium, QA/QC Manager, Genpact said, "I think yes. It will affect the quality. Normally an IT graduate undergoes 3-4 years of training to become a professional. If that education is given to a non-IT graduate in just one year or six months, it's obvious that they won't be taught everything due to which their basics won't be strong and they won't be able to perform as nicely as a properly trained IT graduate can do. Even with techies, project success rate is less than 25 percent. With non techies, they are intending to smash it to zero."

But all these firms who are hiring these non-techies believe that quality of the work will not be affected by hiring non-engineering graduates, as these non-techies are being hired for testing software applications and managing computer infrastructure, in order to do more with fewer staff and at lower wages than computer engineers.

It is believed that from nearly 10 percent of their current workforce, non-engineering graduates could account for nearly 20-25 percent of the staff at companies such as TCS, Wipro and HCL, over the next one to two years. The IT company like Cognizant already has almost 20 percent of its global workforce who are non-engineering graduates. Speaking on this issue, Amitava Roy, Chief Operating Officer, Symphony Services said, "Hiring non-techies might work for some of the IT companies, but as far as Symphony Services is concerned; our work requires the expertise and knowledge of technical engineers. Candidates from non engineering background do not fit into our framework of expertise required and hence the hiring model." Even Srini Rajam, Chairman and CEO, Ittiam Systems agrees with Roy and said, "It's not right way to build any company. One company gains more value by differentiation of knowledge come from competition."

Some of the experts feel that basically this step is being taken by companies to cut the costs and increase the employment across the country. Normally, an Indian IT firm pays Rs. 2-4 lakh per annum to an engineering graduate, but when they hire any non-engineering graduate, they just pay Rs.80,000 - Rs.1,50,000. Nandini has got the package of Rs.90,000 per annum. One of the officials of an IT major said, "It's not everything about cutting cost. In the last few years, skill mix has changed because of a fundamental shift in sourcing behaviour - customers sourcing a broader range of services, including BPO/KPO. So, we hire according to that need."

Now, it is to be seen that these IT firms understand the real value of an engineering graduate or keep hiring non-techies in near future also, as it is possible for only these IT biggies to train non-techies to do techies' work, not the smaller firms.

Now entire library on chip developed by Indian-American

2010-05-01T03:35:00.000+05:30

Washington: An Indian-American scientist has developed a computer chip that can store an unprecedented amount of data - enough to hold an entire library.

The new chip stems from a breakthrough in the use of nanodots, or nanoscale magnets, and represents a significant advance in computer-memory technology.

"We have created magnetic nanodots that store one bit of information on each nanodot, allowing us to store over one billion pages of information in a chip that is one square inch," says Jay Narayan, professor of Materials Science and Engineering at North Carolina State University (NCSU).

Narayan, a product of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur, conducted the study. The breakthrough is that these nanodots are made of single, defect-free crystals, creating magnetic sensors that are integrated directly into a silicon electronic chip.

These nanodots, which can be made uniformly as small as six nanometres in diameter, are all precisely oriented in the same way - allowing programmers to reliably read and write data to the chips, an NCSU release said. A nanometre is the billionth of a metre.

The chips themselves can be manufactured cost-effectively but the next step is to develop magnetic packaging that will enable users to take advantage of the chips - using something, such as laser technology, that can effectively interact with the nanodots.

The research was presented at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco.

Barclays lays off 450 employees in India

2010-05-01T03:34:00.000+05:30

New Delhi: In its fourth and biggest retrenchment since December 2008, England's Barclays Bank has laid off around 450 employees in India, or close to a tenth of its workforce in the country, a source close to the development told Economic Times.

The latest job cut drive was kicked off three days ago and is much larger than the previous round where 150 employees were laid off in December 2009. Barclays had also pruned workforce in June 2009 and December 2008. "We may have had to take some tough decisions in the last few months to ensure that we have the right focus. But we are of the view that they were the right ones," Barclays India spokesman said. The number of job losses in this round is less than 450, but more than 150, the number of people laid off last December, he said.

After the current job cut, Barclays will have 5,000 employees across its five business units in India, retail and corporate banking; investment banking; wealth management, Barclays Shared Services, which handles the bank's back office operations and Barclays Technology Centre, which provides technological solutions.

India among top 10 pharma markets by 2020

2010-04-29T10:57:00.002+05:30

New Delhi: India will join the league of top 10 global pharmaceuticals markets in terms of sales by 2020 with the total value reaching $50 billion by then, according to a report. The report by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) said that the country's population is growing rapidly, as is its economy-creating a large middle-class that can to afford western medicines.

An ageing population together with increase in problems associated with cardio-vascular disorders and central nervous system will lead to higher demand for drugs, the report said. Around $70 billion worth of drugs are expected to go off patent in the U.S. over the next three years and India is capable of manufacturing a substantial share of the products. Several Indian firms have already entered into research partnerships with multinationals - Dr Reddy's Laboratories Torrent have joined hands with Novartis while Ranbaxy has formed alliances with GSK and Schwarz Pharmaceuticals, the report added.

India, which produces more than 20 percent of the world's generics, is likely to become a competitor of global pharma in some key areas, and a potential partner in others. It has a considerable contract manufacturing expertise, the report says. "Global players in the pharmaceutical industry are seeing immense prospects in the Indian market due to its sheer demographic profile. India could be the most populous country in the world by 2050 and is now making its mark as a growing market," Sujay Shetty of PWC said.

Infy to hire 30,000, promotions for 7500

2010-04-29T10:56:00.000+05:30

Bangalore: Infosys Technologies, one of India's top software services exporter, is planning to provide promotion to almost 7500 employees in both middle and lower ranks. Talking to the media after the announcement of its quarterly results S.D. Shibulal, Chief Operating Officer and Member of the Board also said the promotions will be topped up by wage hikes. He said, "We have announced a wage hike of around 13-17 percent offshore and 2-3 percent onsite"

The company also plans to recruit 30,000 people in the upcoming financial year including 19,000 campus hires, 5,500 laterals, 2,000 overseas hires (in China, Manila, the U.S. and Europe) and the rest for Infosys BPO. Last year, Infosys started with 18,000 and ended up with 27,000. The company has already visited 300 campuses while moving towards bringing people in.

Infosys have seen extremely high attrition over the last quarter and most employees attribute it to the new HR initiative. There were reports mentioning the lost of 4000 employees in the month of February alone accounting for three percent of its total strength. Commenting on the flutter caused by iRace, Mohandas Pai, Head - Human Resources, Infosys said that the company believes in the new HR policy. 'iRace' will set a baseline and it will 'fit' people in a particular structure besides all the controversies. "We have addressed all the issues of employees in an open and transparent manner and it should be seen as a forward looking transformation exercise," he added. Pai also claimed that the company also provide several platforms for them to express their opinion on upcoming policies through websites, blogs, and review sites.

The attrition level of the company has also gone up drastically. Currently according to company sources the rate of attrition is around 13.4 percent. Infosys BPO has a major attrition level of 35 percent. Hence the company has decided to spend $134 million in salary hikes this quarter.

Indian techie builds low cost robot for household chores

2010-04-29T10:55:00.002+05:30

Bangalore: A Bangalore based Microsoft techie, Ramaprasad has built robots that can cook, keep the house safe when he is away and help him spend his leisure the way he likes it best. Also, these robots tell him news that interests him, and show him ads of products he would like to buy.

Talking to Bangalore Mirror on the sideline of Microsoft Tech Ed being organized in Bangalore, Ramaprasad said that it is awesome letting smart robots do all the humdrum work at home. What thrills him even more is that he made all the robots, which he calls Buddyhomes. The software, hardware, design and implementation are all his.

For the past 15 day, Buddyhomes do every work for Ramaprasad. They wake him up with an alarm. If he does not wake up, they pour some water over his head! He goes for his breakfast. He puts the noodles into a pan on the stove. Then he leaves because he wants to read the newspaper. Meanwhile, a buddyhome stirs the noodles. In two minutes, he gets the message that noodles is ready. He scans the newspapers. He is interested in Lalu Prasad Yadav. He smiles. Immediately, the screen on the wall before him shows the latest available news about Lalu.

Building these robots with software including cloud computing, Microsoft.Net, Visual Studio 2010 and Open Computer Vision, Ramaprasad said that the technology to build the robots is 'very simple'. It has three webcams and a screen, gesture-recognising software, and hardware from SP Road near Town Hall. "It costs me just Rs.16,000. It is so reasonable because most parts are from SP Road. The motors, chips, atmega, and H bridges are all from SP Road."

Now Ramaprasad is trying to finetune the robots to do wet mops of the floor, and do more sophisticated cooking. In particular, he wants to pursue gesture-reading robots because he sees great potential in it for the hearing- and speech-impaired. "I think it is possible to interpret gestures, and turn that into voice. Think how it can help those who cannot speak," said Ramaprasad, who studied in College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, and has a BE in computer science and engineering from Anna University.

Interact with your walls: 23 yr old Indian innovates

2010-04-29T10:54:00.002+05:30

Bangalore: Anup Tapadia, a 23-year old Indian, has launched a digital technology company 'TouchMagix', which specializes in converting ordinary surfaces into three-dimensional interactive environments.

"The idea behind TouchMagix was to bring the interactive experience a step closer to reality," says 23-year-old Tapadia. The first technology we developed was called MotionMagix, and it allows any projection screen to be made interactive. Imagine walking up to a real wall, projecting a picture on it, and interacting with the objects in the picture," said Tapadia.

He also said that he was inspired by origami in many ways. It taught him the importance of scaling designs in 3-D. Tapadia, who bagged two master degrees in Computer Science at the age of 21, is an alumnus of University of California, San Diego. At age of 14, he became the world youngest professional to pass the Microsoft Certifications (MCSD, MCSE, MCDBA). Bill gates, Azim Premji, Raghunath Mashalkar and many others have written and appreciated his achievements in the field of technology and science. Also, he worked for a year with Qualcomm in San Diego, U.S, where he developed two products in distributed mobile computing, which were patented. Later on he joined the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) to pursue a PhD in communication theory and systems.

Explaining about the latest version of the MotionMagix system, Tapadia said that the latest version allows surfaces like LCD and plasma screens, LED floors and walls to be made interactive, so one can project a football field on the floor of a mall and start chasing the ball. "It has extensive applications in retail, malls, advertising, events, promotions and gaming. At a cost of Rs.3.5 lakh upwards, the technology is limited to installations in shopping malls and multiplexes, but it is only a matter of time before people start using the walls, tables and floors in their homes as convenient surfaces for entertainment," said Tapadia.

Indian-American to transform U.S. power grid

2010-04-29T10:52:00.002+05:30

Washington: Although the U.S. power industry is one of the greatest engineering marvels, ageing technology and an increase in demand are creating problems for the power grid that needs fixing. Now, an Indian-American engineer is set to transform the way power is generated.

Venkat Selvamanickam, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Houston, is developing a technology with high temperature superconducting wires that is revolutionising the way power is generated, transported and used.

It is estimated that high-temperature superconducting wires could eliminate 131 million tonnes of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere and offset the emission of the equivalent of 40 conventional power-generating plants.

"The country's electric transmission grid currently consists of about 160,000 miles of high-voltage transmission lines, with forecasters predicting an additional 12,900 miles needed over the next five years to meet increasing demand," said Selvamanickam.

"Superconducting power cables can transmit up to 10 times more power than traditional copper cables without the significant losses of traditional cables and are considered environmentally friendly," he added.

"The goal of my research is to modernise the power grid with high temperature superconducting wires to improve efficiency and reliability."

"Almost anything in the power grid -- cables, transformers, motors, generators -- can be more efficient if you use high temperature superconducting wires."

"Superconducting fault current limiters can enable uninterrupted power transmission when conventional circuits will otherwise succumb to outages in events such as lightning storms," said Selvamanickam, who did his B.E. (Honours) from Regional Engineering college, Tiruchi, India.

The applications for superconducting wires range from advanced medical imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) to large-scale applications replacing existing copper wires with superconducting wires to raise reliability and cut costs.

"High temperature superconductivity has the potential to revolutionise the way we use electricity, just like the way fiber-optics revolutionised the way we communicate," he said.

"Our research pays immediate returns to the industry. It's not like something that may be useful 10 years down the line," Selvamanickam added.

DC most googled team, Tendulkar player

2010-04-29T10:51:00.002+05:30

Bangalore: Google India announced its second IPL Zeitgeist for 2010 - an insight into the most searched teams and players during the third season of the Indian Premier League. Sachin Tendulkar emerged as the most searched Indian cricketer, followed by Sourav Ganguly. Shane Warne continued to be the most searched international player at the IPL, for the second year running.

Conspicuous by their absence were popular names such as M.S. Dhoni, Virender Sehwag and 'the Fake IPL Player', who moved off the top 10 this year. Adam Gilchrist, Ryan Harris and Praveen Kumar made their debut on the list at number 7, 8 and 9 respectively. Among the teams, Deccan Chargers ousted the Mumbai Indians from the top slot, who emerged as a close second. Chennai Super Kings rounded up the top 3 teams, as Kolkata Knight Riders dropped to number four this year.

'Super Over' emerged as the most searched IPL related query on YouTube followed by Chennai Super Kings. Yusuf Pathan, who did not make it to the IPL Zeitgeist on Google Search, emerged as the most searched player on YouTube.

To compile the 2010 IPL Zeitgeist, Google studied the aggregation of queries pertaining to IPL that people typed into Google search during the IPL season 3. It used data from multiple sources, including Insights for Search, Google Trends and internal data tools. It also filtered out spam and repeat queries to arrive to a list which captured the essence of the series. Google said that the entire search queries studied was anonymous - no personal information was used.

TCS plans wage hike across the board

2010-04-29T10:50:00.002+05:30

Bangalore: After cancelling the wage hike last year due to global slowdown, Indian IT major Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) plans to offer wage hike of 8-10 percent across the board. Even other IT giants such as Infosys, Wipro and HCL are on track with a wage hike plan.

Sources say that Infosys plans to offer a hike of 6-10 percent, whereas Wipro plans to offer hikes of 5-7 percent. The wage hikes for Wipro employees is to be effective from April 1, reports Moneycontrol.com. According to IT companies, the wage hike will have a nil to marginal impact on margins.

In the current fiscal, TCS plans to hire 30,000 employees. When contacted, TCS said that in the current situation it would be difficult to provide details post results.

Infy employees vent anger on HR policies in forums

2010-04-29T10:48:00.000+05:30

Bangalore: In the last few months, it has not been smooth ride for Infosys leadership, as the employees of the company are not happy with the new HR issues. These employees have been putting thousands of negative reactions to HR head's blog postings in the company's intranet 'Sparsh'.

Talking to Business Standrad, Nandita Gurjar, who is HR Head at Infosys, said that she receives many negative blogs on daily basis. She said, "We realize that they should not take names and make personal attacks. But sometimes, from their perspective, they are in so much pain that they need your attention and which is why they make personal attacks. You can't react to it, because I don't think they are talking personally about you, as long as they are talking about a position. It's part of the game."

Earlier, these employees used to show their anger on social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Later on company provided them blogging platform on its intranet. Now with seeing the number of comments increasing drastically on daily basis, the company has set up a team of six people to moderate the blogs and 'My voice', the dedicated website the company has developed to seek the opinion of employees on important policy matters.

Basically the extremism started after the company launched its new changed management system christened 'iRace', to remap the technology skills of the employees. This initiative, which aimed at "improving the technology depth" of the software professionals, reportedly had affected over 4,000 employees, who felt it was blocking their career growth.

Since iRace was introduced in the company, Gurjar writes blogs and changes topics every Friday. The employees are free to participate and give their comments. Every day, the blog is getting around 30,000 hits.

Wharton management guru using India's success mantra

2010-04-29T10:46:00.002+05:30

Washington: A uniquely 'India way of doing business', which has fuelled an economy that even in perilous global times remains a dynamo, is essentially based on a simple philosophy - "think in English and act in Indian", say four U.S. professors.

The professors of management at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania have made the suggestion after a two-year study of some of India's largest firms, of businesses that have played a leading role in the country's rapid development.

The essence of the India way is best expressed by those business leaders themselves, say Peter Cappelli, Harbir Singh, Jitendra Singh and Michael Useem, co-authors of "The India Way: How India's Top Business Leaders Are Revolutionizing Management".

"We 'think in English and act in Indian'," R. Gopalakrishnan, the executive director of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata Group, is quoted as saying in an article drawn from the book by Forbes.com.

"For the Indian manager," Gopalakrishnan explained, "his intellectual tradition, his y-axis is Anglo-American, and his action vector, his x-axis, is in the Indian ethos.

"Many foreigners come to India, they talk to Indian managers and they find them very articulate, very analytical, very smart, very intelligent - and they can't for the life of them figure out why the Indian manager can't do what is prescribed by the analysis," he told the four.

The Wharton professors say they found from their study of Indian business leaders that their "x-axis" is defined by four distinctive elements of managing:

1. Holistic engagement with employees. Indian business leaders see their firms as organic enterprises, where sustaining employee morale and building company culture are critical obligations and the very foundations of their success. People are viewed as assets to be developed, not costs to be reduced.

2. Improvization and adaptability are also at the heart of the India way. In a complex often volatile environment with few resources and maddening red tape, business leaders learn to rely on their wits to circumvent the innumerable hurdles they recurrently confront.

3. Creative value propositions. Given the enormous and intensely competitive domestic market and the country's discerning customers, most of them of modest means, Indian business leaders have of necessity learned to be highly creative in developing their value propositions, delivering entirely new products and services with extreme efficiency.

4. Broad mission and purpose. Indian business leaders place special emphasis on personal values and on having a vision of growth and strategic thinking. In addition to serving the needs of their stockholders, like CEOs everywhere, they also stress broader purpose.

They take pride in enterprise success but also in family prosperity, regional advancement and national renaissance.

Bundled together, these principles constitute a distinctly Indian way of conducting business, one very different from other countries, especially the US, where the blend centers more on delivering shareholder value, the professsors say.

Company managers in the West can usefully learn from India's example, the professors concluded.

Apple's next-generation stunning iPhone model leaked

2010-04-29T10:35:00.000+05:30

Washington: Apple's future generation iPhone model, which was leaked after being mistakenly left at a bar in California, has been put on display by a technology news portal.

The secret version of the next generation iPhone was not expected to be formally unveiled for a couple of months.

But, the technology news site Gizmodo said the gadget was left by an iPhone software engineer at Gourmet Haus Staudt, a German specialty store and beer garden in Redwood City.

"The person who found the phone peddled it to Gizmodo, which bought it for $5,000," Nick Denton, chief executive of Gawker Media, which owns Gizmodo, said in a blog Monday.

Leaks are rare in Apple which is known as the most secretive in Silicon Valley. But after the phone prototype was left in the bar, photos of the device began appearing in technology blogs, sparking a frenzy of hype among the Apple-obsessed, the New York Times reported.

The phone's authenticity was debated. However, a person with knowledge of Apple's hardware plans, who was not authorised to speak on behalf of the company, confirmed to the New York Times that it was real.

Though, Apple declined to comment.

"It is very stunning," said Tim Bajarin, president of Creative Strategies, who has been following Apple for nearly three decades.

"Apple has such tight control on new products, and they are kept under wraps diligently and religiously until the day of their release. If it is true, it is really a first."

Apple's chief executive Steven P. Jobs had reportedly called Gizmodo to get the device back. Denton declined to comment, saying any conversation between Jobs and Gizmodo would most likely have been off the record.

"We haven't had any formal communication with Apple," he said. Brian Lam, the editor in chief of Gizmodo, said his publication would "probably" return the device to Apple.

Late Monday, Gizmodo said that it received a letter from Bruce Sewell, Apple's senior vice president and general counsel, requesting the phone back.

"It has come to our attention that Gizmodo is currently in possession of a device that belongs to Apple," Sewell wrote in a letter that Gizmodo published.

iPad fails to attract Indian exec

2010-04-29T10:34:00.000+05:30

Bangalore: The tablet mania had started ever since the day Apple announced its mysterious new invention. Since then, a number of companies have tried to make their own product to stay in competition. Companies like IDC and JooJoo have already launched the so called "iPad killer", and many more companies, including Samsung, Nokia, Notion Ink and HP, are ready to launch their own tablet soon. Apple has beamingly revealed that its latest creation has already sold 300,000 units on the first day.

However, when it comes to India, it is a known fact that Apple never really concentrates on marketing its products aggressively. Apple has still not launched iPad in India, and seeing the recent delay in launch of iPhone 3GS, we are not that hopeful. But you never know, iPad might just come to India faster than 3GS. Considering this, Siliconindia decided to conduct a survey amongst the high level executives of few companies just to check if they would really be interested in buying iPad. What we found out was even worse than what we expected.

Almost 9 of 10 people said they would not be interested in buying iPad. "I haven't really used iPad to comment on it, but going by the features I have seen I would rather go for combination of iPhone and notebook," said M. A. Madhusudan, CEO of Virgin Mobiles. Madhusudan feels that nothing can replace BlackBerry for checking mails and it is more convenient to carry notebook around, which has many more features and power than iPad. iPad uses the same operating system as iPhone. In layman's term, iPad is just a big iPhone (or fat iPhone, as it is called by many experts).

Majority of our survey respondents confirmed that even if they do buy iPad they will not use it for business purpose. "I will buy it for my mother because it looks very simple to use. But I would not use it for business. I don't think it can replace BlackBerry," said Siddharth A Pai, Partner and Managing Director of TPI Advisory Services. Pai believes that if Apple wants to make iPad successful in India then they would have to reconsider the pricing. "Key to Indian market is value. Pricing has to be low. If Apple brings downs the price to 15K for India, then it will sell like hotcakes," he said.

In India, apart from few Apple fans, and tech enthusiasts, we expect the most number of iPad will be bought by application developers. The flexibility of Apple store has already seen many startups churning out great applications and being successful as well. "I will only buy iPad to try out development on iPad applications," said P. Ravi Kiran, who is Founder and CEO of Golive Gaming Solutions. Apple has been claiming that iPad will change the gaming scenario. So we asked Kiran if he thinks iPad is the next gaming platform to look out for. "No, not exactly. iPad is not for either casual gamers or hard core gamers. It does not support Adobe flash either. I don't think that anyone will buy iPad just for gaming purpose," he said.

However grim the survey might look we are not denying the fact that Apple's iPad is an innovative creation. We are sure it will attract many tech enthusiasts who want to keep themselves updated with the latest gadgets. Samir Bangara, COO of Indiagames says that he will buy but only for entertainment purpose. "The price of the base version is very reasonable, but not that much of 3G version (which is around $800). It is a great netbook and e-reader combined. I personally am buying a kindle and waiting for a while before buying the iPad," he said. Bangara feels that the 10 hour battery life of iPad is very well suited for entertainment.

Apart from all these aspects there is one another reason why iPad might not sell that much in India. iPad will face tough competition from the IITians founded Indian company Notion Ink, which will soon launch its tablet Adam. Powered by NVIDIA TEGRA 2 Dual Core Cortex A-9, Adam has a 3.2 MP Swivel Camera and 10.1" capacitive touch screen. On top of that, it will also support Adobe flash which will give Adam a distinct advantage over iPad. We estimate the price of Adam will be suitable for Indian market and will sell more than iPad.

Minimum Rs.25,000 Crore revenue from 3G auction for government

2010-04-29T10:33:00.000+05:30

New Delhi: India completed 52 rounds of an auction to award radio frequency spectrum for third generation telecom services in the country, with the government expected to get Rs.25,769.82 crore as minimum revenue from the bidding.

At the end of the ninth day of the auction, which began April 9, the provisional winning price for a pan-India licence stood at Rs.6,354.23 crore, up 81.5 percent from Rs.3,500 crore reserve price fixed by the government.

Delhi continued to attract the highest bid at Rs.733.71 crore, followed by Mumbai receiving a price of Rs.667.77 crore, Tamil Nadu Rs.643.37 crore and Maharashtra Rs.624.75 crore, according to latest data available on the website of the department of telecommunications.

Four states - Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and Jammu and Kashmir- could not attract even a single player.

The 3G services will facilitate much faster connectivity than what is available now and enable applications such as Internet TV, video-on-demand, audio-video calls and high-speed data exchange.

Slots for three to four players are available in each of the 22 circles into which the country has been geographically divided for these services.

The government has already given Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL) spectrum for 3G services on the condition that they will pay the same licence fee as would be levied on private players after the auction.

Along with the fee that will be eventually paid by the two state-run enterprises for the licences, the government will provisionally get Rs.25,769.82 crore from the auction, which is about 85 percent of the projected earning of Rs.30,000 crore from the 3G auction.

This is on the presumption that every available slot gets filled at the provisionally approved price.

Communications Minister A. Raja Monday said he expects the revenue earned to be over Rs.35,000 crore.

Nine telecom companies - Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications, Vodafone Essar, Idea Cellular, Tata Teleservices, Aircel, Etisalat, S Tel and Videocon Telecommunications - are participating in the online auction process.

It is a simultaneous auction for 22 circles over a secure website. At each round, the price is hiked from between 10-1 percent based on demand.

The auction is being held from 9 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. on all days, except Sundays and national holidays. The process will end only when the demand is equal to the number of slots available in each circle.

The bid data, including the winning companies' names, will be made public after the auction's completion and approval by the government. The winning firms will have to deposit the money within 10 days after the auction.

The successful bidders would be allowed to offer 3G services on a commercial basis from Sep 1.