Do You Know?

Do You Know? China Design the World's Largest Wind Turbine

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 12 Aug 2011 20:09:00 +0700

China is making a prototype wind turbine for the largest wind power.

President Sinovel Wind Group Co. Ltd. firms that developed the prototype said that wind turbines can be placed either on land, offshore to tidal areas.

The kind that is being created Sinovel is the first made in the country. Previously, Germany was the only country able to independently develop a turbine-largest in terms of capacity and is the only country to have tested a prototype.

The turbine will have propeller blades along the 128-meters in diameter that will catch the wind with a large capacity and is expected to be more efficient in utilizing wind resources.

Tao said the original production of large turbine will accelerate the development of offshore wind power in this country.

China racing to exploit offshore wind with their first wind turbine operates with a total capacity of 100 MW which is operated in Shanghai in August 2010, by utilizing the 34 mill.

In the same year, China also has completed the public tender for wind power capacity of 1GW offshore in eastern Jiangsu Province plans to start construction this year.

Sinovel addition, other companies in China are also developing a turbine with a large capacity that is Xiangtan Electrical Machinery Co. Ltd (XEMC), based in Hunan Province. In October last year they produced a prototype turbine power of 5mW.

Before 2000 China needs to rely only wind turbines and equipment imported from Europe.

Chinese wind turbine maker has expanded its output through a production license or design along with foreign partners. China has been making wind turbines more than 80. Three wind turbine maker in China, Sinovel, Goldwind and Dongfang Electric, now a part of the 10 best-in-turbine maker world.

Until late 2010, electricity generated by the turbines that generate electricity installed at 44.7GW. Is the largest in the world by donating donate 23 percent of total world electricity.

Do You Now? Gravity

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 22:06:00 +0700

Gravity is the force of fundamental interactions in nature. The space program planners continually investigate this style. Because, in the solar system and space flight, gravity is a force that plays an important role. Studies that explore the dynamics to the objects in space is called celestial mechanics. Now, knowledge of celestial mechanics allows to determine how to place a satellite in orbit around earth or to choose the correct path for sending a spacecraft to another planet.

Since the days of Ancient Greece, people have tried to explain about the solar system kinematics. Therefore, before discussing Newton's law of gravity, it helps if you also understand the thought before Newton discovered the law of gravity.

Plato (427-347 BC) Greek scientists suggested that the stars and the moon moves around the earth to form a perfect circle trajectory. Claudius Ptolemaus in the 2nd century AD also gave a similar opinion called the geocentric theory. This theory states the earth as the center of the solar system, while the other planets, the moon and the sun revolved around the earth. However, opinions of these two figures can not explain the complex movements of the planets.

Nicolaus Copernicus, a scientist from Poland, trying to find the answer is simpler than the opinions of Plato and Ptolemaus weakness. He argued that the sun as the center of planets and planetary systems of other planets including the earth round the sun. Copernicus assumption provides a solid foundation to develop views on the solar system. However, the disagreement of opinion among scientists is still there. This encouraged the scientists to gain a more thorough observation data and concrete.

Tyco Brahe (1546-1601) managed to compile data on planetary motion carefully. Data collated Tyco then studied by Johannes Keppler (1571-1630). Keppler discovered regularities of planetary motion. He said the three rules of planetary motion, now known as the law I, II, and III Kepler. Kepler's laws states:

All planets move in elliptical path centered on one central point (the sun).
Line connecting a planet to the sun will provide the same broad strokes in the same time.
Square of the period of each planet around the sun is proportional to the cube of the average distance of the planet to the sun.

Copernicus and Keppler legal opinions have the same style as the cause of the regularity that the motion of planets in the solar system. In 1687, Isaac Newton proves in his book "Principia" that the motion of the moon around the earth caused by the influence of a force. Without this force the moon will move straight with constant velocity. (In accordance with inertia), this force called gravity.

The force of gravity affect the movement of planets and other celestial bodies. In addition, the force of gravity is also the reason why all objects fall towards the earth's surface. Thought is the work of Newton's remarkable because it can unify the theory of mechanics and mechanics of objects on earth object in the sky. This can be seen from the explanation of free fall and planetary motion in the solar system.

Do You Know? Venus is Insectivorous Plants

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 21:02:00 +0700

In addition to predators that often we have seen, it turns out there are some plants that are also "hunt" with the ability to capture prey that is amazing. One is a plant-insect predator named Venus. This plant has a system of trap to trap, catching and eating insects that perch this it. Plant attract insects with a charming red leaves. Despite this admirable trait in him, he himself did not realize this. Insects are tempted by the delicious aroma of the resulting glands around the foliage of plants Venus. It then flew over and then landed on top of plants without the slightest suspicion of the danger that lurk. When moving into the source of "food", he touched the hairs that appear as harmless on the surface of these plants.

When approached him feel the touch of insects, plants are moving quickly folded and tightly closed leaves. This movement makes the insects trapped and pressed between the leaves. This leaves more and more closely flanking a result of insect wings that touch your hair repeatedly. These plants then remove fluid "crushing and solvent meat" in insects. In a short time, he crush their prey to become like mush and then eat this delicious dish.

Venus has the ability to close the plant leaves with a very high speed. Faster than the fastest motion to close the fingers of human hands. The proof, humans often can not catch a fly that landed on the palm of his hand, but the plant Venus did with ease. What is interesting to note is how the plants that do not have the muscles or skeleton is able to perform a very rapid movement?

There is a very complex electrical system at the plant of Venus. Stimulation caused by touching the body hairs of insects on Venus forwarded to the receptor (receiver system stimulation) under the plant hairs. Then continue this receptor stimulation in the form of electrical signals to the motor cells that cause the leaves Venus make quick and sudden movements. Finally, the mechanism is switched on continuously to keep the insects so as not to loose.

What happens at the cellular level motor? Immediately after this motor cells receive electrical stimulation, they change the concentration of water in their bodies. The cells on the inside of trap release water from his body and then shrink. This phenomenon is similar to a deflated balloon and remove the air. In contrast, cells on the outside of trap to absorb excess water and expand. This process happens quickly so that the plants are closing their leaves with a very high speed.

In addition, the digestive gland of trap were also activated. As a result of stimulation, these glands begin to release liquid to crush and dissolve the insect's body slowly. Although very powerful way to dissolve the protein, these chemicals do not harm the plant leaves Venus itself. In this way, the plant Venus prey eating porridge that has been turned into a bowl of rich soup of proteins.

After eating a meal, before moving mechanism of trap Venus so close, now works on the contrary to open it. To activate the trap, Venus hairs must be touched twice in succession. With this double action mechanism, the plant Venus was never close to useless without a clear purpose. For example, the trap will not become active and closed when a raindrop falls about it.

Here, which is very important to note is that Venus, the hunter who these experts, has no brain or organs semisalnya, so that he could not think. Indeed, Venus did not realize extraordinary ability, which makes it able to hunt for insects that can fly quickly. All this shows a system trap, capture and destruction of the insect with a very accurate precision, technique and design a perfect in their parts even the smallest.

Do You Know? Hot Dog

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 20:00:00 +0700

Fried sausage squeezed bread, something like that is what his name hot dogs. This western-style food turned out to have invaded almost all corners of the world, including Indonesia. Food import was already familiar to the tongue of our society.

Hot Dog (frankfurter, frank, wiener, weenie) is a type of sausage that is cooked or smoked and has a smoother texture and flavor are more delicate and moist than in most sausages. Hot dogs are often eaten by hand (finger food), especially in the United States, and usually eaten with soft bread (bun) together with the sausage-shaped, sometimes accompanied by condiments and toppings. Sandwich formed from this combination also called hot dogs.

"Beware of easy Choking"

Fast food, hot dogs declared by doctors as a dangerous food for children. Because the elongated oval shape raises the risk of choking. Pediatric Academic famous American in the United States (U.S.) has called for changing the shape of hot dogs for the sake of minimizing the danger. Each year the events that resulted from choking the food has killed 77 children in the U.S. and more than 15 thousand treated in emergency rooms. Approximately 17 percent of cases result from eating hot dogs, according to a report issued by the academy.

"Companies have to redesign the food foods, including meat products. They should change the shape, size texture, and other characteristics that can cause children to choke, "the academy recommendations, as quoted by the Telegraph.

Director of the Center for Injury Research and Policy Child Health at Children's Hospital of Columbus, Ohio, Gary A Smith MD, DrPH in USA Today stated, hot dogs throat can close the channels of children. "I am an emergency physician for the child, and to remove blockages from the throat hot dog is a very difficult thing," he explained.

It also assesses the Academy there are some foods that can cause children to choke, such as raw carrots, grapes and apples. It is recommended, the food should be cut into small pieces before consumed by children. Marshmallow and peanut butter can also cause blockage of the child's throat. U.S. Federal law requires that the label "choking hazard" on certain toys, such as small balls, balloons and other small toys.

Do You Know? History of Imlek

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 21:13:00 +0700

The origins of Chinese New Year celebrations too old and older to be studied. However, the general said, the Chinese word, "Nian" or the means 'in' in the Malay language, is named for the giant who often prey on the eve of the new year begins.

According to legend, Nian had a very large mouth, and could swallow many people with one bite. Humans at that time to be frightened of this monster Nian. On one day, the bamboo garden near the Chinese village on fire. Pipe that exploded and burned a very strong sound like firecrackers. It was scary Nian and he did not dare to go brdekatan the village. Older people have also advised the villagers hung red paper on the doors and windows of their home on the run every time a new year, will terrorize the Nian feared. The red color is feared by Nian, and able to drive the monster.

That legend is believed by the Chinese. The practice of letting off firecrackers and hang red paper still continues to this day, although some Chinese young people do not know the true purpose of these is charity. They just assume that these practices will only brighten the new year.

Red packet

One reason for the Chinese New Year awaited by the children were of 'red packet' or red envelopes containing money. For those who are not married, they qualify to receive a red packet.

Giving money or a red packet is to say goodbye for the year and hopes to obtain wealth and good fortune for the year. Money can also be used to pay outstanding debts.

Fireworks and lion dance

Fireworks and lion dance is synonymous with Chinese New Year celebrations. Played fireworks to scare the evil creatures that are often very annoying man. However, from one year to another, fireworks are often played to mark the festive season will arrive.

The lion dance is a dance full of art and a remarkable symbol of the Chinese community. Usually it is played by two players, and take a long time to practice before someone is really skilled.

Taboos and treatment during the Chinese New Year

Cleaning house

All of the houses must be cleaned before the new year. On new year's eve, all brooms, mop and wash all the equipment stored in a safe place. Sweeping and updating should not be done on the day of the new year, because of the belief of the Chinese community, the good fortune to be swept along with the garbage-garbage. After the new year, the floor will be swept away houses, starting from the door into the house and placed in a corner. Rubbish, waste and grease that will not be removed until the 5th day festival.

Take a clear, remove the cloudy

Play fireworks on New Year's Eve is a way to say goodbye to a year to be abandoned, and celebrates the arrival of the new year. At one point in the middle of the night the new year, all doors and windows must be opened to allow the old year go.

Activities in the New Year

All debts should be paid at this time. All people need to take care of their treatment at the moment. Forbidden to use dirty words that bring bad luck and bad purposes. Referring to last year was forbidden on the day of the new year because everything must go forward and not look back.

Forbidden to cry in the new year, as worried people will be crying throughout the year.

Personal hygiene

On the day of the new year, hair washing are prohibited, because this treatment will result in the person wash go all the good luck for the new year. Encouraged to wear red clothes. Red is considered bright colors and light, allowing the wearer to obtain a bright future. It is believed that, in a new way of application to determine the fate of a person of the year. Children, close relatives and those who have not been given a red packet for wedding a bright future.

Chinese Lunar Calendar

Chinese lunar calendar is the world's oldest calendar, used since 2600 BC. Use of this calendar was introduced by Emperor Huang Ti. Like the Western calendar, the Chinese lunar calendar is based on annual turnover which initiated the beginning of the turn of the month. Therefore, beginning in the Chinese calendar falls around January and February.

One complete revolution around the earth takes 60 years and consists of 5 rounds each of which lasts 12 years. Chinese lunar calendar each year based naming 12 animals.

The Chinese community believes that every human is born with the influence of personality and attitude on the animal called man is born in the year.

Rat

1924 1936 1948 1960 1972 1984 1996

1925 1937 1949 1961 1973 1985 1997

Tiger

1926 1938 1950 1962 1974 1986 1998

Rabbit

1927 1939 1951 1963 1975 1987 1999

Dragon

1928 1940 1952 1964 1976 1988 2000

Snake

1929 1941 1953 1965 1977 1989 2001

Horse

1930 1942 1954 1966 1978 1990 2002

Goat

1931 1943 1955 1967 1979 1991 2003

Monkey

1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004

Chicken

1933 1945 1957 1969 1981 1993 2005

Dog

1934 1946 1958 1970 1982 1994 2006

Pig

1935 1947 1959 1971 1983 1995 2007

Chinese New Year decorations

Before the Chinese New Year celebration, Chinese families would decorate the house with vases containing flowers are blooming grow, bag-bag containing lime, and also a bag containing eight kinds of dried fruit is sweet. On the walls and doors will be hung with beautiful decorations, such as poetry and greeting the new year painted on red paper.

Orange

Normally, the Chinese people, they will bring a bag filled with orange and red packet will be provided when visiting friends and family during the two week celebration of Chinese New Year. According to Chinese belief, the orange leaves that still have meaning attached to her relationship with another person will be closely intertwined. While the newly married, the marriage symbolizes the intertwined relationship will bloom until the public gets the child. Orange is the symbol of happiness for the Chinese community.

Candy bag

Bags of candy there is a round or in a variety of candy for the New Year began with 'sweetness'. Each bag represents the sweetness of its own luck:

Candied melon - symbolize growth and good health
Kuaci - symbolize happiness, truth and honesty
Details of lychees - symbolizes the close family ties
Kumquat (an orange) - wealth
Coconut candy - intimacy
Peanut - sustainable living
Longan - symbolizing a person will get a lot of good boys
Fruit of the lotus - a lot of kids

Do You Know? Thomas Alva Edison

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 21:06:00 +0700

Thomas Alva Edison was the inventor of America and is one of the greatest inventors in history. Edison began working at a very young age and continued working until his death. During his career, Thomas Alva Edison had been around from 1093 to patent his invention, including an electric light bulb and the gramophone, as well as film cameras. All three findings raise major industries for the electric industry, recording and film that ultimately affect the lives of people around the world. He is also known as the inventor of applying the principle of 'mass production' for his discoveries.

Edison's own gain expertise in the field of electricity and telegraphy (the telegraph for communication) during the teenage years. In 1868, at age 21, she has developed and patent his invention in the form of a machine that records the telegraph.

The days of childhood, Edison just attended a formal school for three months, then all his education from his mother who taught Edison at home. Edison's mother taught Edison how to read, write, and mathematics. He also often gave and read the books for Edison, among others, the books come from authors such as Edward Gibbon, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.

Edison at age 12, earn revenue by way of a job selling newspapers and newsletters, apples, and candy on a railway line. At that age also, Edison has lost almost all hearing because of her illness, the disease makes it a half-deaf. Edison once wrote in diarinya: "I have never heard a bird sing since I was 12 years old."

At the age of 15, Edison, while still selling, bought a small printing press used hereinafter to be installed in a car trunk. Then he prints his own newspaper, Weekly HERALD, which is in print, edited and sold in places he's selling.

In the summer of 1862, Edison saved a three-year-old boy who almost hit by a car. The father of the children removed is the head of the train station in place to sell. And as gratitude, the head of the station taught Edison how to use the telegraph. After 5 months of studying the telegraph, Edison worked as an expert telegraph for 4 years. Almost all the salary he gets is spent with a variety of laboratory building and electrical equipment.

Edison is very pleased to learn something and read the books there. Of those studied, Edison apply these lessons in a way his little experiment in the laboratory. Edison lived in his lab, only sleep 4 hours a day, and eat the food brought by his assistant into his laboratory. Edison experiment to experiment and continuously until his discoveries to be perfect. Perhaps the words that adequately describe the abilities which are Edison: "Genius is 99% hard work"

Do You Know? North Pole Completely Melted

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 10 Aug 2011 20:03:00 +0700

Many questions arise about when the North Pole melt away completely? If intact, the estimate is less than 2100. The first time occurred after 125 thousand years, finally the northern polar ice melts, the polar regions north of satellite photos showing the path Northwest and Northeast in the North Pole is open at the same time last week.

This is the first time people can sail around the north pole with no barriers at all, but this means the process of global warming is happening faster than we can imagine. and this is bad news for us all.

Scientists from the University of Bremen, Germany published a number of photographs taken from NASA satellites show northwest path has been opened, while the last chunk of ice that had covered the path through the Laptev Sea, Siberia, Russia also has led to a thaw. The news of this case also published in the British newspaper The Independent last August 31.

American Scientists predict that global warming will still occur within 5 years of summer in North Pole will be no ice at all!, Estimates like this can arise because the number of layers of ice that has melted at this time should be new in 2050 will happen next. The ice has melted faster than our expectations.

In 2005 the Northeast path once opened, but that time Northwest lane remains closed, and in 2006 the situation turned around, but this year the two routes open simultaneously. Person who most crave this occurrence is the shipping company, for the second opening of this route will shorten the shipping distance of thousands of miles. The opening of this route to shorten the shipping distance between Germany and Japan as many as 4,000 miles and already there are shipping companies are getting ready to open a shipping lane through this route next year.

Dr Martin Sommerkorn of WWF's Arctic program responded to these reports seriously. Because, according to him, greatly affect the Arctic climate. "The layer of ice in the Arctic Sea is at least a neutral position on the earth's climate system. Therefore, if the ice is disappearing, the world's climate would be a mess, "he explained. To be sure, he added, a quarter of the earth will be flooded. Often called Air Conditioning (AC) was the earth, the Arctic plays a vital enough to stabilize the world climate. If the ice in the waters covering an area of 14 million square kilometers of it melts during the summer, ocean color around the world will be darker.

The logic is that when an ice has been long in the hot air will melt and could become the second magnitude of this giant chunk of ice 3x or 5x as much as they are found. Warning! , Yet there is a solution to restore ice melting in the Arctic, now we can only wait and see ice Melting whole earth is slowly sinking, unless we want to change habits that harm the earth.

Do You Know? Piano

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 9 Aug 2011 23:01:00 +0700

The origin of the word piano is actually derived from the Italian language, namely pianoforte. Piano itself is made by Bartolomeo Cristofori in 1720's. Beginning piano was created, his voice is not as loud as a piano that can be heard in the 20th century. Because the voltage at the time the piano keys piano is not as strong as now.

Initially, the piano was developed from the stringed instrument. The difference, lute played with a pick. While the piano-keys pressed tutsnya.

In general, the piano belong to a group of instrumental music. Piano produces sound from the vibration of the soundboard that volume can be reinforced (adjustable size).

Broadly, the piano in the music can be a solo performance on and as an introduction to singing solo. In that sense, the piano can live without the help and accompany singers or other musical accompaniment. The resulting piano sound is to represent other musical instruments.

Nevertheless, the piano will be more meaningful longer heard with the help of other instruments. We must emphasize here, can heave a beautiful piano without the help of other instruments. Not the same as other instruments, the less pleasant without equipped piano. Many of the music instruments that shines as part of the piano.

Piano Progress

At the end of the period 1790 to 1860, the era of Mozart's piano experiencing great changes, where the modern instrument more visible leadership. At the revolution, the piano a lot of support from pianist-composer and renowned pianist who accompanies development. So the piano in the music more and have a higher power. Technology in the manufacture of pianos are increasingly using high-tech tools.

In recent times, the style of piano sound increases. From 5 to 7 octave third (or even more) octave, this signifies the modern piano. Advances in technology, many sourced from companies in the UK, Broadwood. Over the years, artificial Broadwood instruments have evolved into more of its kind, better voice, also packaged in a nice and neat.

Broadwood piano company sends them to Hadyn and Bethoven. Coverage piano skills they send it for more than five octaves. 1790an year, in 1810 following a six-octave, until in 1820 eventually became the seventh octave. To the extent that many piano manufacturers follow this trend.

Tells of the piano as well as telling a superstar. As befits a superstar, a famous piano is also much admired by various circles. Piano may come in the music industry and movie industry, which easily see and hear everyone.

Since the 1830s, a concert piano is always idolized many music fans. Each held a concert by renowned pianist, often packed with music fans. They are always lined up in droves piano concert tickets, because after all, the piano can go into almost all musical genres.

Examples on the 27th that was held Mozart's piano concert. This concert is truly a concert of instrumental music without the help of an accompaniment to the singer was still more enjoyable. This is the greatness that is owned musical instrument piano.

Games in concert piano can be restored by either solo (alone), duo (two), the trio (all three), and the quartet (all four). It has been proved long ago by the famous pianists such as Mozart, Hadyn, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn and Brahms.

Do You Know? Windmill

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 9 Aug 2011 21:59:00 +0700

Windmills are the most rapid energy technology development in the world. Developing a global installation capacity of 2,500 megawatts (MW) in 1992, to 40,000 MW by the end of 2003, with average growth of 30% per year.

Nearly three-quarters of the capacity of wind energy installations now in Europe. At present, this energy meets the electricity needs of 35 million European households.

Interest in wind energy is growing as some communities more aware of the need to develop clean and sustainable energy future. Eighty percent of the population, strongly support the use of renewable energy sources.

Development of alternative energy began in the 1970s during the energy crisis of the world. In Germany alone, the 1990 Electricity Supply regulation is the beginning digalakkannya wind energy. Regulation is then updated into Regulations of 2000, concerning the construction of energy that should be using renewable energy sources.

With the number of windmills of 14,000 pieces, and with a capacity of more than 12,000 MW of power, Germany is now the world's major domestic windmills. All the windmills that generate an average of 31.5 TWh of electricity per year. This amount is to meet about 5 percent of electricity needs throughout the country, and tend to increase. The government plans, use of renewable energy sources reached 12.5%, there are 2010 and even 20% in 2020.

Besides being the largest windmill producer, Germany is also a market in the world's largest windmill. Windmill production in 2004 reached half of world production, with export quota of 59%.

The use of wind as an energy source has at least two advantages.

Economically, this energy source can decimate the use of fuel oil, and create new job opportunities in the field of manufacture and maintenance of windmills, and distribution. In Germany, the wind energy industry turnover reached 4 billion euros, and is the livelihood of 60,000 people.

In the environmental field, wind energy is ideal because it produces no pollution, require no fuel, no greenhouse effect, and do not produce harmful substances and radioactive waste. Each megawatt of electricity produced by windmills, to reduce emissions of 0.8 to 0.9 tons of greenhouse gases produced by oil and coal each year. Necessary land is not too broad.

Wind is a source of potential energy in the future when traditional fossil fuels are running low, and cost reduction of environmental pollution increase.

Future energy system will be triggered by environmental issues, economic development, development, and market liberalization. And over the past two decades of development, wind energy could indicate he was one of the energy future.

Do You Know? Aceh Traditional Music Instruments

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 9 Aug 2011 20:56:00 +0700

Traditional musical instruments is a tool used to accompany a traditional activity in a given region. Aceh traditional musical instruments musical instrument that is used for a specific event in the tradition of the people in Aceh. This instrument is an identity and pride ureueng Aceh.

The Acehnese traditional musical instruments are among them:

Kalee Serune

Serune Kalee is a traditional wind instrument which is a kind of Aceh Clarinet mainly found in areas of Pidie, North Aceh, Aceh Besar and Aceh Barat. It is made of wood, the base of small and large at the edges like a funnel. At the base of the retaining lip discs are made of brass blowers called perise.

Serune has 7 pieces regulator tone holes. Additionally there are layers of brass and 10 ties of copper-called klah (ring) and serves as a security from the possibility of cracked / broken bodies such serune. This tool is usually used along clan Rapai drums in ceremonies and in the accompanying traditional dances.

Drum (Geundrang)

Drum contained in almost all areas of Aceh. Drum serves as a traditional musical instrument, which together with brass instruments seurune kalee accompany every traditional dance in both traditional ceremonies and rites Other significant. It is made of jackfruit wood, goat skin and rattan. Making drums is by punching holes in the form of jackfruit wood cylinder in such a way that resembles a drum body bambam. On the surface of the circle (left-right) mounted goat skin, which had previously been made from rattan rings with size just like the size of the drum circle.

As a means of reinforcing / wear leather strap surface fasteners are also made of leather. This strap connects the drum skin that right with the left. Bat (stick) drum was also made of wood at the end of section dibengkakkan who was beaten to the skin.

Canang

Cymbals are traditional percussion instruments contained in a group of people of Aceh, Gayo, Tamiang and Alas. The Acehnese people call it "Canang Trieng", in Gayo called "Teganing", in Tamiang called "lute" and in Alas-called "lyre Sports".

It is made of bamboo seruas options and good old enough. Then the bamboo is given the hole, then ditoreh longitudinal direction to get the rope. Holes found on bamboo is called kelupak (Alas and Gayo).

The number string is not the same in every region. In Canang Trieng there are 5 fruit rope (string) is 4 units located adjacent to each other on the left while a rather large again located in the right hole. The rope on the left are picked using a stick, while the right string plucked with the fingernails / left thumb.

Ropes harp is a 3 pieces and there are 4 pieces. While the lyre Sports there are 4 to 5 pieces, each with its own rope called that is gong (large rope near keleepak), level (1 or 2 pieces of rope that is located in the middle) and gerindik (the most delicate rope / high voice), plucked with a bamboo that has been diluted thin.

In teganing there are 3 pieces of thin rope which is located at the far right and far left lies the most rugged. Each string is called in sequence with the name of cymbals, and gongs memong. How to play teganing that is by hitting the string with a wooden paddle called peguel.

Rapai

Rapai is a kind of traditional musical instrument of Aceh, as well as drums. Rapai made of hardwood (usually from stem jackfruit) and given that after the rounded hole in the middle. Wood that has been given a hole is called baloh. Baloh is larger at the top of the bottom. The upper part covered with goat skin while the bottom is left open. Clamp voltage regulator of skin or leather is made from rattan are wrapped with leather. (Brace is in the Acehnese language is called Sidak).

Rapai used as percussion instruments in the ceremonies associated with religious especially, marriage, birth and traditional games that whistle. Playing Rapai a way to hit her with his hands and usually played by the group (group). Leaders Meeting of the game called a sheik or kalipah.

Do You Know? Sandalwood Tree

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 10:10:00 +0700

Sandalwood tree (Santalum album Linn), which is the pride of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), has been hard to find in the region. This is the influence of regional regulations (Perda) Number of NTT in 1986 16 years on the management of sandalwood. State law does not include the sandalwood tree, which are growing in the courtyard of the houses owned by the government. As a result, the people choose their own cut sandalwood and sell them cheap.

And the price per kg of sandalwood combine RP12 million. Sandalwood is also a powerful medicinal herb as a traditional medicine to restore the appetite of our own Ramu easy. It is intended to increase awareness and interest for the citizens, to develop the maintenance and care of sandalwood. In 1980, the production of sandalwood NTT still about 15 000 tonnes. But began declining in 2000, only 100 tons in 2004 and stayed because of the many trees were killed by sandalwood.

In the Dutch colonialism, like sandalwood trees on the island of Timor, sent a large scale in the Netherlands, so that if NTT known as the only local manufacturer of sandalwood. But after the extinction of sandalwood, now have more seeds NTT sandalwood Gunung Kidul regency, Yogyakarta to bring. In fact, sandalwood plants grown in the region of the island of Timor.

NTT Governor Frans Lebu Raya admit that it was a mistake in preparing these regulations. Therefore, in 2004, the Regulation should be repealed and the number of regulations 2 / 1999. The legislation provides an important role for the residents of sandalwood plants. But the reality is not effective in restoring public confidence in the reconstruction of the conservation and cultivation of sandalwood.

Governments and institutions of higher education in the province of Nusa Tenggara (NTT) are expected to maintain consistency in the development of the plant sandalwood. Only with consistent, NTT plans to return can be achieved as a warehouse. The government initiated the development of sandalwood sandalwood NTT should adjust the program since 2006. Consistency of sandalwood, from upstream to downstream development and implementation of provincial and district levels. When the government of East Nusa Tenggara province will increase still in the development of forestry and in the next five years, the forests are currently only five percent. But if the forest area has not increased, this means that the government and NTT do something about it.

According to the Governor, the data in 1997 showed that sandalwood that grows, there are around 250 940 in the western part of Timor island. But in data collection in 2008 fell 46.05 percent of the population. There was only one small tree that grows naturally, and for years not perform data collection again, as the population is still growing sandalwood trees.

Do You Know? Indian Food

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 09:10:00 +0700

State of India is famous for its diversity of culture, which is still well preserved from the past to the present. Indian culture seems to be a main attraction for a country for its Ganga presence be known. The Indian culture is known, among other things, dance, music, various traditional ceremonies, his distinctive cuisine.

Indian society is a society that truly appreciate the culture in all facets of life. Even by eating whatever they have their own customs and traditions in general, if not injured. Who to have as good manners. Power in India as well as a variety of foods typical of other countries. With plenty of variety and originality.

If the state is in many parts of Europe is synonymous with cheese, food in India is very unique with a variety of spices are so strong. The trend in the use of spices in Indian cuisine is not very different with the use of spices to the food of Indonesia and Thailand.

For most Europeans, Indian food would taste odd, because it has too many spices. But it is different when it comes to favorite flavors of the company in Indonesia.

Indonesian people are already accustomed to the variety of spicy dishes in it. No wonder he felt when in Indonesia are also widely available variety of restaurants that specializes in the provision of Indian cuisine.

Tired of the menus of several varieties from Europe, China, Japan and even in Indonesia? Here are some Indian food can be a popular new menu, you and your family.

1. Biryani Rice

Indian food is rice. Rice used a typical state of India, namely Basmati rice. Basmati rice and washed and cooked to medium rare. Next, enter a different blend of spices from powdered cloves, cumin, coriander, cinnamon, cardamom, mint, garlic, onions, ginger, mint, nuts and oil SAMIN.

Biryani rice with the meat not to mix the ingredients. Indian society is more fun to mix it with dried saffron, are part of the Crocus sativus flower.

However, the tendency for most people who make the meat mixture into rice biryani them involved. The meat is usually a chicken, goat, sheep and cattle.

2. Chapatis

Indian food is one of the wheat flour dough with oil and salt. The dough is smooth and flat, round shape. Then cooked in a clay oven. Chapati curry with meat or vegetables.

3. Murgh Masalam

At that Indian cuisine from chicken meat processed with various spices or curry made together.

4. Seekh kabab

Indian food is a dish similar to satay. Seekh kabab beef cows, chopped elegant with various spices. Then the meat is already mounted on a spit and matured in a way at Tandoor, cooked a typical Indian way of cooking equipment.

5. Tandoori Murgh

Foods with the names are unfamiliar, it turned out to be roast chicken. Roast chicken after it is mixed with yogurt, lemon juice, garlic, salt, cayenne pepper, ginger, cumin and cardamom.

6. Vindaloo
Vindaloo is a processed food from chicken and lamb, sometimes mixed with potatoes. Some ingredients are then treated with a mixture of traditional Indian spices.

After the chicken satay and grilled Indian cuisine, it has a view that is more or less like rendang, West Sumatra kitchen with herbs and oils.

Do You Know? James Watt

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 29 Jul 2011 08:10:00 +0700

James Watt, Scottish inventor, often with steam engines, a key figure in the Industrial Revolution is bound. In fact, Watts is not the first person, the steam engine. A similar project is being prepared also by Heron of Alexandria at the beginning of our era. Used in 1686, Thomas Savery patents on a steam engine to pump water, and in 1712, the Englishman, Thomas Newcomen, the patent even similar products with a perfect, created the Newcomen engine still lower quality and less effective, can be used , to pump water from coal mines.

Watts was interested in the affairs of the steam engine in 1764, when he was fixing the Newcomen engine creation. Although Watts just a year of training as a manufacturer of tools, but it has great creative talent. Improvements was so important to the Newcomen engine house, it is interesting to consider is the true creator of the Watt steam engine, the first practice.

Watt patented the first success in 1769 was the addition of a separate room, which strengthened. He also separators insulation to prevent loss of heat in the steam cylinder, and in 1782 he discovered the double-machine. With some minor improvements, this update increases menghasilan efficiency of the steam engine with a four-fold or more. In practice, this efficiency is the result of intelligence, but not the tools that are useful and unique utilities, looking from the corner.

Watt also noted (in 1781) a series of teeth, the movement behind the machine, so that changing the rotation. This tool is to dramatically increase the use of steam engines. Watts also succeeded in a circular motion style controller automatically (1788), the motor speed can be controlled automatically to provide reasons. It also creates a pressure gauge (in 1790), instrument Speedo, instructions for appliances and equipment for the vapor barrier, in addition to repair others. Watt had not the talent of a company. But in 1775, he made a covenant with Matthew Boulton, an engineer and a businessman who skillfully. Later for 25 years, the company produced Boulton and Watt, a large number of steam engines and the two became rich.

It is difficult to exaggerate the importance of the steam engine. For indeed, many other inventions that are important to promote the development of the industrial revolution. For example, the development of mining, metallurgy and various machine tools. Rescue relapse in a loom (invented by John Kay, 1733), or a rotating tool (discovery by James Hargreaves in 1764) is above all creation watts. The vast majority of discoveries that are better than fewer, and none had a decisive importance in the context of bermulanya Industrial Revolution. As with the invention of the steam engine, which plays an important role in the industrial revolution, the situation appears in other forms. Previously, although the steam is used to wind and water mills in turn is the main source of mechanical energy of human power. This factor is very limited capacity of industrial production. Many thanks to the invention of the steam engine were removed these restrictions. A large amount of energy can be directed to productive things with very rapid ascent. To detect oil embargo of 1973, as miserable when the material energy and is able to paralyze the industry is reduced. This experience at some level, to promote the importance of the industrial revolution with the discovery of James Watt.

In addition to the benefits of energy for factories, steam engines are also important in other areas. Use in 1783, the Marquis de Jouffroy Abbans successfully in steam engines to drive the ship. In 1804, the steam locomotive by Richard Trevithick put into place. None of the models, the beginners to be commercially successful. In a few decades, then either the ship or rail to produce a great revolution in the field of land and sea. The industrial revolution took place almost simultaneously with the American Revolution and French. Although the time, it seems trivial, it is now clear how the industrial revolution, described the meaning is much more important to human existence, but to have the importance of political revolution seems. Therefore classified as one of James Watt, have a great influence in history had

Do You Know? Hina Matsuri

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 28 Jul 2011 10:10:00 +0700

Hina Matsuri is a festival or a celebration of girls, each year on 3 March is aimed. Although the implementation of this festival different forms, but basically, the celebration of Hina dolls Japanese or the screen, or washed into the River Festival. Princess Roots Festival is one of the fifth season called Joushi (which means serpent or dragon, days) in early March, when the Muromachi period (1392-1532) on 3 March is set. This is the context of ancient Chinese tradition, the celebration of 300 years, to resist in self-cleaning to misfortune or disaster in a way that things are "not good" for far from water flow. Because it is on the premise that at each end of the season or event, the disease can easily fit that brings misfortune or disaster is based. It is said that the story was transmitted in Japan by the Japanese envoy who went to the Tang Dynasty in China.

Japan tntang replace long a rite of purification, cleansing of mind and confidence called Katashiro (confidence in the object to the function as a substitute for the Spirit of God found in the worship) was.

As it relates to the importance Joushi Festival, and finally set joushi festival as the original culture of Japan.

In the Heian period (794-1191), in the days of the festival season joushi people on the hills and mountains, to take an herb that acts like a drug, then the body clean with grass. When I pray for the health and avoid misfortune. The event was then with the "Game Hina" is applied to the merged paper doll clothes. For the doll (which is already of grass or straw, holding the paper), moves on bad things and then washed into the rivers. This custom has "has gained power." In the tradition of the developed

In the Muromachi period (1392-1532), this tradition with the usual display of hina dolls are changed luxurious decorations in the palace and was a festive celebration. This event extends to the palace of the people I represent today samurai and merchant, and became a festival called Hina Matsuri.

Hina festival to celebrate not be considered normal. Just as the celebration of the safety of 7 days after birth with a visit to the temples is the celebration of a ritual to invoke the healthy growth of girls. So in other words, as reprehensible as the patron deity dolls misfortune, calamity or disaster to a replacement, who will remain with the child or baby girl.

Do You Know? Lice

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 28 Jul 2011 09:10:00 +0700

Lice are a parasite of insect species that are not winged. Lice that infect humans are there three types, namely, head lice, body lice and pubic lice. The third form is almost the same type of lice, body lice, pubic lice, only longer and shorter than head lice. Head lice is about 2 mm and lay their eggs in the hair shaft. Head lice are found most frequently. Ancient history, that the only people who do not maintain the cleanliness is a paradise for lice is not true. Head lice can reach the hair is dirty or clean.

The symptoms that you are infested with head lice

Itchy head, still carded.

Redness or rash on the scalp.

It is a white dust in your hair, especially behind the ears and neck that can not be removed. That the eggs of lice. Egg surface is very smooth and shiny can, in the way the hair should be brought along made the hairs on the ends of your hair.

Complication

Bacterial infections of the scalp.

As you get head lice

Breeding lice on the head. Ticks feed by absorption of the blood, and issued him with a material that causes an allergic reaction to itch on the scalp. Fleas lay their eggs, white pearls in her hair, which hatch in a week. Lice will crawl / jump into the scalp, but rarely seen. Head lice by direct contact of the head can be transferred, chair, comb / hair brush, hair accessories, towels and caps.

All You Can Do

Use special shampoos to kill head lice that adult fleas. Repeat (do not die because of the eggs of the lice shampoo by) one week later to kill newly hatched lice for children.

Wash hair as usual. Then wipe the liquid / shampoo, rub rub on the scalp and hair. Do not let liquid or shampoo in the eyes. Comb your hair and let dry. Again after 24 hours of hair shampoo. Dry your hair really soft and with the magnifying glass to remove all lice and their eggs.

Check the head of another family member and treated if necessary.

Ask your doctor if there are signs of bacterial infection (fever, pain in the head, pus).

Prevention

Clean combs, hair brushes and hair jewelry by soaking in an antiseptic solution.

Wash all towels, clothes, bedding in hot soapy water to kill any eggs. Or dry cleaning (dry clean).

Dry Cleaning hat, scarf and jacket.

Avoid common Combs / hair brush / hair accessories / towel / hat.

Do You Know? Robot

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 28 Jul 2011 08:10:00 +0700

The robot starts the end of Czech employees 'robota' means not that familiar with tired or bored. Although the terminology implies the importance of best suited to the term robot "system or a device used to replace human power automatically."

Man-made robot must not contradict the laws of robotics to us by Isaac Asimov, assume, namely:

Law Zero: A robot may not injure humanity or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

A law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction allow a human being in danger.

Act Two: A robot must be given orders by the people except to obey such orders contradict the First Law.

Act Three: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

The original purpose of the robot

For the first time robots, because some very important things available, among other things, namely:

In order to increase production through automation industry

Create powerful and can work 24 hours of work

Performing tasks that require high precision

Replace the people in jobs which are repeated

As a tool of human conduct scientific experiments in space

To work in a dangerous place for humans (radioactive areas, areas with high air pressure or water in the vicinity of dangerous chemicals, etc.

As the entertainment media (entertainment) for humans

As a hobby dealer

Do You Know? Violin

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 10:10:00 +0700

The violin is a violin-type group, consisting of a violin, small, medium, viola, violin and bass fiddle large, the difference in size, but the way the resonant and sounds the same.

The violin is played by slipped, usually called: string instrument. The origin of musical instruments, including a long string in the history of mankind, with the spread of cultural and historical change, and therefore in different regions can have a different name for the same instrument music can or a similar name, but other music is a tool to slow the endemic situation has developed in a different musical instrument.

Birth

According to old records Aryans in India, 5000 years, has Ravana, the king of Sri Lanka is a musical instrument that is created using a string-bow, the ravanastron.

Ravanastron then expanded to include Afghanistan and Persia at the beginning of the century. Switched Tukharistan Empire during the era of Afghanistan, a musical instrument into a tube (string musical instrument of China), was flat top of the board, returned unharmed to its concave carved wood, fairly smooth, the tone and the broad resonance. In the 7th Century and spread to the Arab world during the golden age of Islam was renamed rebab.

Spread to Europe

Around the 8th Century with the expansion of Islamic influence, rebab go to Spain at this time under the yoke of the Spanish Aragon dynasty. Spaniards refer to instruments like the rebec or Rebeca. At the same time also occurs in Rome, Greece, Eastern Europe and Italy.

In medieval Europe, the development of the violin from Italy, Germany and France, although the origin of the stringed instrument was not in Europe, but increased and has triumphed in Europe. Stringed instrument that originally entered Europe is comprised of two types, namely, vertical grip and traction on the arm.

Violin with vertical grip is a way to present the beginning of the string instrument. Since the start of the Arab rebab Rebeca hundreds of years after the change Rebeca rape. Everything is played with a vertical, until the 18th Century by the popularity of the violin was replaced.

Hu Qin (pronounced: Hu Jin) from China, Eastern Europe gadulka, sarangi and Sardi's, but until now the way the handle is vertical in the various areas of musical instruments, are maintained, such as India, Mongolia and other Churchill Morin.

How to keep the violin with the upper arm by Rebeca played on the back of the hand or firmly in the jaw, probably influenced by him in Egypt. Also, because of the influence of the scene traveling vagabond poet Europe with the nomadic artist, is the pioneer / early form of the modern violin.

Rape was a century earlier than the violin. Since the PE vertically so that it is not an early form of violin. Since the device for two centuries.

Rape clear voice and soft, supple and elegant, so usually played in the upscale community forums, as is the palace. While the volume is large enough for violin, played brilliant and beautiful voice, between the high and low levels may be is, then it is more in line with a broad forum as a house meeting and banquet hall and other hotels.

Around the 17th Century has passed (1650), much of the world Violin, Violin needs and positions favored since that time the rape.

Birth Violin

As part of cultural exchange and the earliest modern violin was in the 16th Century (about 1520) in Northern Italy. Century 16 is the most glorious moments of the Renaissance.

With the backdrop of the Renaissance, beginning today, to a form of modern violin that subtle process / technology design in accordance with the principles of technology and aesthetics. What is more beautiful voice and a strong function, strong and agile characteristic musical instruments today. Coupled with increased development in Cremona and 3 clan is the most famous violin makers, Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri.

So far, they have a violin that is by a collector of modern goods, still recognized as the best violinist in the world. Modern violin makers that exceed actively seeking further reform and renewal, but not always in a position, not the design of the previous generation.

Although there are a number of personal style or a small change, but still not from the original model. Why is it that think violin is something that has a maximum in the art history of mankind.

Game and the position of violin technique in the late 16th Century has not peaked. However, to follow the evolution of musical instruments and complementary between the players and composers.

In the mid-17th Century, composers began to pay special attention to a particular form of music for the show as the music of violin or acoustic music, the violin gradually replace the role of Viola.

Italian composers Monteverdi, adopt formally the violin in the show, and has many of the techniques of violin, producing a rich sound of the voice and the violin again.

Marini has written much music for solo violin. While Corelli's "father of modern technique of violin playing", an expert on business performance is also a composer. He began to create sonatas for violin and 12 pieces of Style Philharmonic concerts (big concert is an early form of the concert).

The presence of the composers mentioned above, that the development and location of violin making progress by leaps and bounds. Also influenced the composer of classics like the river: Bach, Handel, Mozart and others.

If Barocco, because fiddling progress, the music gradually separated from the way the acoustic performance of church music. And the musical was in the room. Barocco until the last day, the size of the orchestra and its complexity is increasing, and the technique of musical performances are also becoming increasingly complex and diverse.

Violin technique in the early 19th Century also brought to a climax of the expert Italian violinist Paganini.

Go to China

Ravanastron mentioned in this paper (first) has spread in China. Some go to India to Jia Kum Go.

Finally, in the 13th Century a new entry in China, it is the horse-Qin Hu from the Song Dynasty.

After over 400 years, with a modern violin, with the arrival of missionaries and merchants of the Qing Dynasty (pronounced Ching) in China.

The spread of the violin at the beginning only limited to missionary activities in the palace, after the Opium War, the violin penetrate through a large number of new missionaries Caucasus following persons Chinese society. Church and religious school in mass Philharmonic Orchestra was founded the band and encourage and educate their employees in many Western-style music.

By 1927, to Xiao Cai Yumei Yuanpei Shanghai and establish central country music. This is a music school in the first high-level built in China and has since started his own teaching performance of staff.

Do You Know? Cactus

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 09:10:00 +0700

Thorny cactus is a plant that live in the situation, with the excess water and the white area of waste, including the cactus family Cactaceae, the cactus has survived his own image and beauty in the eyes of the fans, with the ability for long periods do without water cactus is a plant to treat the not too heavy, the water is absorbed by the roots are stored in a room in the trunk, do cacti does not leave, like other plants in this case is a clear advantage for this system, because It can reduce water evaporation from the leaf, then the cactus can live long without water.

Cactus can grow well in pots as long as we still see the floor, light and water.
Soil in the pot from time to time is exhausted, because these nutrients are necessary for the replacement of soil nutrients for the health of cacti can be met, in addition to circle the earth, the light is always necessary for all living things, and cacti provide enough light to cacti and flowering cacti, although living in a position with a minimum of water, but the treatment requires attention to grow into the pot, watering cactus houseplants can be performed once per month, depending on the degree of dryness or home environment be.

How To Plant Cactus
The first step is to buy seeds for growing a healthy cactus pear. A healthy cactus spines are perfect (nothing broken), the strain is not crushed, and the vertical direction of growth (not slanted sideways and balanced). You can store or children's nursery buy cactus in the area. Buy seeds from at least three months.

Once you select the best candidate chaff of cactus, plants in soil or sand media. When should you buy the kind of cactus size Cerevius, then the size of the pot in which plants can be as high as half of your plants. If you buy a round like a cactus Echinocactus trunked trunked or thin as the Opuntia cactus, then try to pot the plant is 5-10 cm in diameter is larger than the size of the cactus.

Before planting, make sure that the compost will be given in a dry state. Then spray with disinfectant pots to ward off the disease, which can occur guilty. Whether planted in the usual way, make sure that clog the soil and roots buried quite right.

REMINDER: Wait a week for the first watering. This happens because in general the types of cacti are dormant because they do not need water. Supply of water immediately after planting will only lead to root rot of cacti. Not pan or replacement of the soil regularly once a year.

There are generally two types of cacti cacti, the sun or vice versa, cactus-like as in dark places. Make sure to ask, if you buy a type of cactus in the garden. These two types do not require temperature really strange. The climate in our country for the growth of cacti. You must just remember: When drought is not what's left after a long time outside the house when it rains often in motion as long as no rain. The case of the death of cactus occurs, often due to damage caused by rain.

Nevertheless, the temperature is too high or too low can cause dormancy cactus. If you dormancy, it will stop growing for some time. You do not want your dwarf cactus, is not it? And monitored with careful season growing cactus in the house.

In the first weeks after planting, not immediately cactus in the sun. Once planted in the shade or shade. Only then periodically a sunny change. If planted directly if you tan, you can then burn the cactus. If the seeds of cactus plants in the house, so make sure the air circulation inside the house is always good to support the growth of cacti. No hard not to plant a cactus?

Do You Know? How to Care Brazil Turtle

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 27 Jul 2011 08:10:00 +0700

Brazil turtle is one of the turtles that were popular stand. Turtle Brazil is also known as the red-ear slider turtle Trachemys scripta elegans and Latin in this sheet and maintenance will be discussed in general maintenance for the species. Search / research is critical to developing the best treatment for the species to be maintained.

Interior Care

Form of accommodation in the room the aquarium is more useful. Puppies for turtles, water depths between 7.5 cm to 15 cm recommended by dry rock walls to relax. The aquarium size, is suitable for puppies 60 cm or 75 cm x 30 cm. If the turtles are to be grown up together, their habitat must be replaced even greater. Brazil turtles are good swimmers so water depth is not an important factor when they are ripe. Depth of 20 cm to 60 cm is sufficient for turtles between 10 cm and adult turtles.

Water

The water quality is very important for turtles. Many problems that can occur in water turtles can be avoided if the guards a little time and money designing and purchasing a filtration system to use for the turtle. For adult turtles, we recommend using a filter tube (cartridge), because it is easy to clean and provide good quality water filter. Newborns can be a bit difficult, because the water is shallow. This allows the filter or powerhead sponge used for shallow water. Change the water often becomes a necessity or obligation.

Lamp Image

Reflector lamps should be used as a drying system (pilgrims). This reflector should be able to provide a basking area 32 degrees Celsius in the housing industry. Habitat should also provide full-spectrum UV light to be fitted. UVB source is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin D3, which is responsible for calcium metabolism. Mercury vapor lamp can also be used to meet the need of heat and UV rays. Water the plants or plastic plants are encouraged to give a sense of security and hidden areas.

Outside Maintenance (Outdoor)

Anti-predator habitat offers many advantages over apartments and should be considered as an option in the hot weather be taken into consideration.

The pool can be made more comfortable in a safe environment to the living space outside the apartment. Larger pool could use a filter to provide a spectacular venue for your turtle stays.

Food

Be careful not to feed. For adult turtles is recommended only feeding 2 to 3 times per week and every day or every other day for puppies turtles, which grow quickly. Cursor consumed vegetables, greens like mustard greens, turnip greens, dandelion, spinach, carrots, zucchini and water plants such as duckweed, water lettuce, water, etc. Hyacinth. They also eat insects, worms and fish. Many commercial turtle food market has an excellent food for the turtle cursor.

Supplement

Additional calcium is very important. Powdered calcium can be sprinkled on food. Maintenance is recommended to use calcium with vitamin D3 if the animal indoors and calcium without D3 observed when outside the house (outside) on hold. Delivery of cuttlefish bone (cuttle bone) is also recommended to be eaten.

Do You Know? Restaurant Style Fried Potatoes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 10:10:00 +0700

How to eat French fries, but not always satisfied, because the results do not crispy fried foods like French fries in a restaurant?

In order fries as good as the restaurant, you do not need potatoes that are suitable for processing into French fries to choose. For the testing of potatoes for example. Then the potatoes should be cooked at a certain temperature, about 150 to 175 degrees Celsius (you must use a special thermometer to ensure temperature).

For the potatoes are tender inside and crispy outside, the secret is to boil the potatoes in boiling water briefly before frying. This is to ensure the potatoes are evenly cooked before it is made with crispy fries. Then the potatoes are fried twice. Getting fried at a lower temperature, both at higher temperatures.

Want to know how to treat them in detail? Follow these steps:

Take two potatoes, peel the skin. If you do not peel the skin (the skin because it contains potato fiber) to do, rub the skin surface during the flow of water to clean). Cut into pieces with a thickness of ½ inches and a length of 6-10 cm.

Enter the potatoes in a small pan filled with water, then boil water and potatoes. After cooking, let the potatoes for about 5 minutes, then pour boiling. Let the potatoes dry for 10 minutes. Be sure to dry the potatoes before frying. If necessary, place them on kitchen paper to absorb any water.

Once the potatoes are dry, prepare the numerous and hot oil (for frying), with a temperature of 150 degrees Celsius in a form within curves. After the hot oil, turn off the flame. Fry potatoes in small groups, cut the potatoes only around 7-8 per group, while the potatoes cook evenly. Removed before changing the color of the potatoes and drain on kitchen paper. After the first group has finished roasting before the fire in the furnace so that the oil temperature within the desired heat.

Once the potatoes are fried again. Heat oil (more heat than before, which is about 175 degrees Celsius), then fry the potatoes for 2-4 minutes until it becomes golden brown color. Potatoes usually darker after draining. Drain and pour into a bowl. Sprinkle with salt to taste.

Do You Know? Types of Worms in Human Stomach

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 09:10:00 +0700

To your child? Quote one of the drugs worm ads that we see too often on television really for us that live in our bodies and are parasites that can affect our health bring.

There are several types of worms in the human stomach, suck the juice from the diet, including our blood directly from the body. If left unchecked, would be very dangerous for the health of our body.

Let us discuss them one by one, what kind of worms in the stomach

Ver-band (Ascaris lumbricoides)

This worm has the form of a bracelet with a size between 6-13 mm and to grow as thick as a pencil. These worms live in the human stomach and suck juice from the small intestine of food.

Although this worm can easily drop to the dirt we remove, but this worm is very dangerous because it can produce up to 200,000 eggs in one spawning per day.

In addition, the nematode larvae into the bloodstream and lymph. Is a very dangerous when larvae are in the dissemination and met in the lungs, because it causes lung inflammation and cough. Ascaris adults who have moved to the annex is also very dangerous because it bring a cause inflammation of the intestine, the rupture of the plant and death.

Symptoms, if it can be felt about living in our stomach, no appetite, abdominal swelling, as the problems of famine, the faces of sick bodies, thin and pale. Stool watery fate, mixed with mucus and blood.

Roundworms can be human, by the maintenance of personal hygiene and the environment are avoided, in which we live person to another person by the hand of foods that can not be maintained kebersihannya.Penyakit transferred.

Pinworms (Oxyuris vermicularis)

Pinworms are often referred to as worms, pinworms, or because of its sweetness, almost like a wire, known white and has a body length of 3-5 mm.

Pinworms attack more children, especially children, who often put his hand into the mouth without washing them first. Pinworms live by eating the gut contents, so that the child who is malnourished and pinworms are growth impaired by food juices should be absorbed by the body to produce food, but be pinworms.

Pinworms usually cause itching around the anus, so if you see your children often, scratching his ass immediately aware that your child has pinworms contracting the disease. Pinworms can cause infections in girls the vagina, because the worm larvae that live dispersed around the anus into the vagina.

Ver Mine (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus)

Hookworm, including the types of worms in the stomach that is very scary, because his whole life of this blood-sucking hookworms his host, we intestine so that patients experience acute anemia due to lack of blood. The hookworm can be by the skin of the larvae of the worm transmitted infection in the foot, are transported into the intestine through the blood vessels, and eventually settled in the small intestine.

(Taenia sp)

Tapeworms are hooks to the body, join the human intestinal wall. Named for its long ribbon tapeworm mitip flat and a small head. Tapeworm usually attack humans, food, love to eat the meat is cooked mainly beef and pork until done.

The symptoms of the infected with the tapeworm feel bad and then into the stomach, but after the meal, the pain was gone immediately, pallor, dizziness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and often sticky mud.

All the worms in the worm-like "favorite" in the stomach is very dangerous and interfere with our health. Than cure, it would be much better if we do not prevent that, we had our children and our whole family worms.

Tips to prevent illness Worms

Maintain the cleanliness of ourselves and our environment, to clean, especially in our homes.

Use shoes when we set our feet on the ground to prevent the worm larvae penetrate the skin of the feet.

You are cutting your nails regularly to prevent worm eggs embedded in your long nails and in our bodies.

Washing fruits and vegetables will be consumed with a net. Especially fruits and vegetables are eaten only cooked.

Do You Know? Global Warming

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 26 Jul 2011 08:10:00 +0700

Global warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, oceans and land on the planet.

The global average temperature on Earth has risen by 0.74 ° C ± 0.18 (1:33 ± 0.32 ° F) during the last 100 years. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "causes most of the increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century, probably due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases from human activities" on the greenhouse effect. These basic conclusions have been at least 30 science organizations and universities, including all the national science academies of the G8 countries have been presented. However, there are still some scientists who do not agree with some conclusions, found that the IPCC.

Climate models referenced by the IPCC projects show the surface temperature of the planet to rise from 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to 11.5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100. The difference in estimates was caused by the use of different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gas emissions in the future, as well as models of the different climate sensitivities. Although most studies have focused on the expected period to 2100, warming and sea level rise, that more than a thousand years more focused, though was the amount of GHG emissions stable. This reflects the large heat capacity of the oceans.

The rise in global temperatures would lead to other changes such as sea level, the increased intensity of extreme weather events and changes in the number and type of precipitation. The consequences of global warming is a further sign of agricultural production, loss of glaciers and the extinction of various animal species.

Some of the things that scientists are still having doubts about the predicted amount of warming in the future, and how warming and changes that occur will vary from one region to another. To date, there are still political and public debate worldwide on what, if any, should be reduced or taken action to reverse global warming or adapt to the consequences, there is. Most world governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, which leads to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Causes of Global Warming

Greenhouse

The main article in this section are: The Greenhouse Effect

All energy sources that exist on the earth from the sun. Most of this energy in the form of short wavelengths, including visible light. If this energy to the Earth's surface, it changes from light into heat that warms the earth. The surface of the earth is part of the heat and absorb the rest returned. Some of this heat radiation, long wave infrared space telescope. Nevertheless, some heat remains trapped in the atmosphere due to the cumulative amount of greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide and methane, trap the waves of this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect radiation waves that is emitted from the earth and thus the heat stored in the earth's surface. This happens several times and the outcome of the annual average temperature of the earth continues to rise.

These gases act like glass in a greenhouse. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, more heat is trapped underneath.

In fact, this greenhouse effect, for all living things on earth, because without them, this planet is very cold. With an average temperature of 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth is warmer than 33 ° C (59 ° F) with the greenhouse effect (not including the earth's temperature is only -18 ° C so that the ice covering the entire surface of the earth). On the contrary, have been due to the amount of these gases in the atmosphere, the consequences of global warming over the top.

Feedback effect

The effects of global warming is causing agent is also influenced by various feedback processes that occur. An example is the evaporation of water. In the case of warming by greenhouse gases such as CO2 increases, the heat initially more number of water will lead evaporated into the atmosphere. Since water vapor is itself a greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and increase the amount of water vapor in the air until the completion of an equilibrium concentration of water vapor. The greenhouse effect it produces is greater than the effect of CO2 alone. (Although this feedback to improve the absolute water content in the air, relative humidity is nearly constant or even declined slightly because the air is warmer). This feedback can be reversed slowly as CO2 has a long time in the atmosphere.

Feedback effects due to the influence of clouds is the subject of current research. From a distance, the clouds reflect the infrared radiation at the surface, which will increase the effects of global warming. But, seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and infrared radiation to space, which increases the cooling effect. What is the net effect of heating or cooling, depending on certain details such as the type and height of cloud base. The details are difficult to be represented in climate models, because the cloud is very low compared to the distance between the boundaries of computer climate models (about 125 to 500 km for the model used for the IPCC Fourth Report). Nevertheless, cloud feedback is the number two in comparison with water vapor feedback and is considered a positive (heating), used in all models for the fourth IPCC report.

Another important feedback is the loss of the ability to light (albedo) of ice reflect. Melt with the rise in global temperatures, ice near the poles with a speed increasing. With the melting of ice, earth or water below opens. Land and Water has the ability to reflect light much less compared to the ice, and therefore will absorb more solar radiation. This would increase the warming and melting more ice, at a constant cycle.

Positive feedback through the release of CO2 and CH4 from the softening of frozen ground (permafrost) are other mechanisms that contribute to global warming. In addition, the melting ice and CH 4 release, which also produced positive feedback.

The ability of the oceans to absorb carbon is also reduced when they are heated, this is caused by lower nutrient levels in the mezopelagic zone and limit the growth of diatoms as phytoplankton, which is a carbon sink that is lower.

Solar Variation

The variation in the sun for 30 years.

The main article in this section are: fluctuations in solar activity

It is a hypothesis that the variation of the sun, reinforced by the comments of the possibility of the clouds, can contribute to current warming trend States. The difference between this mechanism with the warming by the greenhouse effect is the increased activity of the sun would heat the stratosphere reverse the greenhouse effect will cool the stratosphere. Cooling the lower stratosphere has been observed at least 1960, will not occur when the solar activity is the main contributor to global electricity. (Ozone depletion may also provide the cooling effect, but entered the depletion in the 1970s.) Had associated changes in the solar phenomenon with volcanoes probably the effects of global preindustrial given until 1950, and the cooling effect since 1950.

There is some research indicating that the contribution of the sun in global warming may have overlooked. Two researchers at Duke University estimates that the sun can rise from the 45-50% of the average global temperature over the period 1900-2000, and about 25-35% between 1980 and 2000 have helped. Stott and his colleagues argue that climate models currently used as guidelines for estimating the effects of excessive greenhouse gas emissions compared to the influence of the sun, they also suggest that the cooling effect of volcanic dust and sulphate aerosols were also underestimated. Nevertheless, they conclude, that is also caused by an increased sensitivity to the influence of climate on the sun, but most of the warming in recent decades due to greenhouse gas emissions.

In 2006, said a team of scientists from the United States, Germany and Switzerland, they did not find an increased level of "explanation" of the sun in a thousand years. Solar cycle with a slight increase of 0.07% in brightness over the past 30 years. This effect is too small to contribute to global warming. A study by Lockwood and Fröhlich found no relation between global warming and variations in solar activity since 1985, or by changes in solar output or variations in cosmic radiation.

Extent of Global Warming

The results of measuring the concentration of CO2 at Mauna Loa

In 1896, at the beginning, scientists thought that will change the combustion of fossil fuels, the composition of the atmosphere and increasing global average temperature. This hypothesis was confirmed in 1957 when researchers who participated in the global research agenda of the International Geophysical Year, sample the atmosphere of the summit of Mauna Loa mountain in Hawaii. The results show an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. After that, the composition of the atmosphere are carefully measured. The data indeed show that the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

Scientists have long suspected that the global warming, but they are not in a position to require such proof. The temperatures continue to change from time to time and from place to another location. Require long-term climate observation data, which is a trend (trend) clearly show to get. Note in the late 1980s showed a little of this warming trend, but the statistics are rare and not necessarily reliable. Weather station at the beginning, close to metropolitan areas, so that the temperature measurements are influenced by the heat from buildings and vehicles and also the heat that is stored by the building materials and road construction. Since 1957, the data from a reliable weather station (located far from urban areas) and receiving from satellites. These data provide a more accurate measurement, particularly covering 70 percent of the surface oceans. The data show more clearly that the surface is the trend of global warming is actually happening. As in the late 20th See Century, noted that the ten warmest years occurred in the past 100 years after 1980, and the three hottest years occurred since 1990, with 1998 the warmest.

In a report published in 2001, found the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) that the air temperatures have risen by 0.6 degrees globally (1 degree Fahrenheit) Celsius since 1861. The Committee agreed that the warming Add primarily by human activities, greenhouse gases, caused by the atmosphere. The IPCC predicts a rise in average global temperatures, 1.1 to 6.4 ° C (2.0 to 11.5 ° F) increase between 1990 and 2100.

The IPCC also warned that, though, the concentration of gases in the atmosphere has increased since 2100, the climate remains at certain times due to emissions, the previously published hot. Carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for 100 years or more before nature can absorb again. If emissions of greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, experts predict, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere three times in the century's early-22 compared to an increase in "pre-industrial era. As a result, there will be dramatic climate change. Although the actual events of climate change several times in Earth's history has taken place, people will face this problem with the risk of a very large population.

Climate Models

Forecast temperature rise against the stability of the various scenarios (colored bands) based on the view of the fourth IPCC report. The black line shows the best forecast, red and blue lines show the limits of possibility that can happen.

Calculation of global warming in 2001 by several climate models on the SRES A2 scenario, which no measures are taken to reduce the emissions emanating.

The main article in this section are: the global climate models

Scientists have studied global warming based on computer models based on fundamental principles of fluid dynamics, radiation transport, and other processes, with some simplifications due to the limited computer skills. These models predict that the addition of greenhouse gases affect the climate warmer. Although the assumptions used are similar to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the future, the climate sensitivity will always be within a certain range.

By integrating elements of uncertainty about the concentration of greenhouse gases and climate modeling, the IPCC estimates that warming of about 1.1 ° to 6.4 ° C (2.0 ° F to 11 5 ° F) between 1990 and 2100th Climate models are also used to investigate the causes of climate change is happening at present by comparing the observed changes with the results of the model predictions to various causes, whether natural or human activities.

Climate models can produce a good agreement with observations of global temperature changes over the last hundred years, but not simulate all aspects of the climate. [16] These models are not unambiguously attribute the warming that has occurred 1910-1945 caused by natural processes or human activities, but they show that the warming since 1975 is generated by the emission of gas dominates people.

Most climate models, the calculation of future climate scenarios on greenhouse gas emissions, mostly based out of the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios / SRES) of the IPCC. Less frequently, the model by a simulation of the carbon cycle, which usually produces positive reactions, even if that response is calculated uncertain (SRES A2 scenario for the answers vary between 20 and 200 ppm extra CO2). Several studies also show some positive feedback.

Influence of clouds is also a source of uncertainty for the models produced today, although now it has been progress in resolving this problem. Currently there are ongoing debates about whether climate models ignore feedback effects and not directly by the variation of the so-

Agriculture

One might think that global warming would produce more food than ever before, but it's actually not the same in some places. Southern Canada, for example, can benefit from the increased rainfall and the length of the planting season. On the other hand, can semi-arid tropical agriculture in parts of Africa, not in a position to grow. The desert agriculture suffer with irrigation water from distant mountains, when the snow melts (a collection of snow) in winter, which serves as a natural reservoir, before the peak months of planting. Food crops and forest insects and have more severe disease.

Animals and Plants
Animals and plants living in that difficult, the effects of global warming are to be avoided, since most land was controlled by humans. In the global warming, animals tend towards the poles or in the mountains to migrate instead. Plants will change the direction of growth, finding new areas because of the length of the habitat is too hot. However, human development will prevent this movement. The species that can migrate blocks north or south of the cities and agricultural areas to be dead. Some types of species that can not be destroyed in a position to move rapidly towards the poles.

Human Health

Changes in weather and the sea can lead to diseases that lead to heat (heat stroke) and death. Warm temperatures can also lead to crop failure due to hunger and malnutrition. Changes in extreme weather events and rising sea levels caused by melting ice caps in the Arctic, can cause diseases that are associated with natural disasters (floods, hurricanes and fires) and death due to, trauma. Effects of natural disasters are usually due to movements of people in refugee camps, where the disease often appear, such as diarrhea, malnutrition, micro nutrient deficiencies, psychological trauma, and other skin diseases accompanied.

Ecosystem influences can change the course of disease spread on water (water-borne diseases) and the spread of disease by vectors (vector-borne diseases). As the rising incidence of dengue fever since the creation of space (the ecosystem), this new breed of mosquitoes.

The destruction of the environment by pollution caused by sewage in the river also contributes to water-and vector-borne diseases of the disease. Together with the results of air pollutant emissions from gas that is not controlled in the factory continued to contribute from respiratory diseases like asthma, allergies, coccidiodomycosis, chronic heart and lung diseases and others.

The Debate Over Global Warming

Not all scientists agree on the circumstances and consequences of global warming. Some analysts still question if the temperature rises really. Others recognize the changes that have taken place, but denied it was too early to make predictions about the circumstances in the future. This criticism could also support the evidence shows the human contribution to global warming, arguing that the natural cycle can increase the temperature. They also show that the continuous warming in some areas of advantage.

Scientists who question global warming suggests three differences between the prediction model is still questionable global warming with the actual behavior that occur on the climate. First, warming tends to over three decades in the middle of the 20th To halt century, and even some cooling time in 1970 before rising over the years. Secondly, the overall warming of the 20th Century, only about half that predicted by the model. Thirdly, warmed the troposphere, the lowest layer of atmosphere is not faster than the model predictions. But the proponents of global warming as a response to two of the three questions.

The lack of heating in the middle of the century because of the wide distribution of particle air pollution particles, especially sulfates in the atmosphere. These particles, also known as aerosols reflect sunlight, some in the room. Sustainable heating can be overcome this effect, partly because of the control of air pollution, the cleaner to a cause.

State of global warming since 1900, was not as expected due to the heat absorption by the oceans wide. Scientists have long predicted that, but do not have enough data to prove it. In 2000, around U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a new analysis of water temperature than by observers around the world in the last 50 years measured. The world of water temperature in 1998 is 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.3 degrees Fahrenheit) and average temperatures in the last 50 years was hardly change the results have shown a warming, but to a considerable extent.

The third point is still unclear. Satellite detects less warming of the troposphere compared to model predictions. According to some critics, the reading of the atmosphere is good, while the measures do not trust the surface of the earth's atmosphere can. In January 2000, agreed the jury of the National Academy of Sciences called to discuss the problem that the global warming can not be doubted. However, measurements of the lower troposphere, the model predictions are not clearly explained.

Control of Global Warming

The total consumption of fossil fuels in the world rose by 1 percent per year. The measures implemented or at this point there is nothing to discuss in order to prevent global warming in the future. The current challenge is to overcome the effects that arise during the implementation of measures to prevent climate change in the future.

Severe damage can be overcome in different ways. Can prevent the coastal areas of walls and barriers, the penetration of sea water are protected Alternatively, governments can help move people along the coast to higher ground. To save some countries like the United States plants and animals while maintaining the corridor (line) habitat clearing for the construction of the south to north. Species can move gradually along this corridor to go to a colder habitat.

There are two approaches to the greenhouse effect increases slowly. First, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, released by the storage of carbon dioxide or other components. This is called carbon sequestration (carbon sequestration). Second, reducing the production of greenhouse gases.

Removing Carbon

The best way is to remove carbon dioxide into the air to maintain trees and plant more trees. Trees, a lot of mainly young and fast growing, absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store carbon in wood. Around the globe, the rate of forest operation has reached an alarming level. In many areas, plants that grow a little behind once because the soil loses its fertility, when converted for other purposes such as agriculture and urban development. Steps to overcome this is to reforestation, the increase play a role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Carbon dioxide can also be eliminated directly. They do this through the injection (injection), gas slide in oil wells for oil on the surface (see Enhanced Oil Recovery). The injections can also be done to isolate the gas in the ground, such as in oil wells, coal seams or aquifers. This was not in a can of oil rig offshore Norway, where carbon dioxide was drawn to the surface with natural gas captured and reinjected into the aquifer can be done to return the surface.

A source of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. The use of fossil fuels began to increase rapidly since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th Century. At that time, coal was the main energy source for the later of oil in the middle of the 19th Century replaced. In the 20th Century began regular fuel energy used worldwide as an energy source. The change in the use of fossil fuels is actually indirectly reduces the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the air because the gas is less carbon dioxide compared to oil-free, especially compared with coal. However, the use of renewable energies and nuclear energy to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide in the air. Nuclear power, although controversial, for reasons of safety and disposal of hazardous waste, not even at all release of carbon dioxide.

International Approvals

The main article in this section are: Kyoto Protocol

International cooperation is needed to succeed in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In 1992, during the Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero, Brazil, 150 countries pledged to confront the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and agreed to translate these intentions into a binding contract. In 1997 in Japan, in 160 countries to formulate a strong agreement of the Kyoto Protocol known.

The agreement, which was not implemented, calls for 38 industrialized countries, which hold the largest share of the release of greenhouse gases to reduce emissions 5 percent below emissions in 1990. This reduction will be achieved by 2012. First offered in the United States do, cutting the most ambitious and promising to reduce emissions by 7 percent below 1990 levels, the European Union, which wants a tougher agreement committed by 8 percent and Japan by 6 percent. The remaining 122 countries, most developing countries was not asked to commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

But in 2001 a new U.S. president, George W. Bush announced an agreement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions is a major cost factor. He also denied that the developing countries burdened by the demands of the reduction of carbon dioxide. Kyoto Protocol does not affect anything, if the industrialized countries has not yet ratified responsible for 55 percent of the emissions of greenhouse gas emissions in 1990. Requirements are fulfilled when in 2004, ratified by the Russian President Vladimir Putin, the agreement in order, provides a way this agreement began in 16th February 2005.

Many people have criticized the Kyoto Protocol too weak. Even if the agreement is implemented soon, it will only slightly reduce the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Strict measures will be needed later, especially the developing countries are excluded from this contract half of the emissions of greenhouse gases in 2035 will produce. The opponents of this protocol has a very strong position. The rejection of this treaty in the United States primarily by the oil industry, the coal industry and other companies whose production depends on fossil fuels highlighted. Opponents argue that the economic cost of achieving the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol to $ 300 billion, mainly because of energy costs. However, proponents of Kyoto believe that the cost of only U.S. $ 88000000000 and can be more or less, and returned the form to save money after a change of equipment, vehicles and industrial processes more efficient.

Do You Know? Reog Ponorogo

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 10:10:00 +0700

Reog is one of the cultural arts are viewed from the East Java and North West Ponorogo Reog as the true birthplace. The gate was gemblak with the number and Warok Ponorogo, two figures, which showed at Reog decorated. Reog is a testament to the local culture in Indonesia is still very strong with mystical things mystical and powerful.

History Reog Ponorogo

Basically there are five versions of the popular story that develops in the community about the origins and Warok Reog, but one of the most famous story is the story of the rebellion Ki Ageng Kutu, a royal servant in Bra Kertabumi, the last king of Majapahit in power in the 15 century. Ki Ageng louse is the wrath of the powerful influence of Chinese colleagues in the government and its king, the king of corrupt behavior, he also saw the power of the Majapahit empire ends.

Then he left the king and founded the College, where he teaches young children martial arts, self-immunity in the science and the science of perfection in the hope that these young children are the seeds of the resurrection of the Majapahit empire will again later. The realization that his forces too weak to fight the royal troops, the political message conveyed by Ki Ageng chips Reog performing arts, which is a "satire" Bra Kertabumi the king and his kingdom. The performance becomes a means of Ki Ageng Kutu, Reog build local resistance with Reog popularity.

In the show, the mask Reog lion-shaped head, as "Singa Barong," King of the Jungle, the symbol of Kertabumi was, and is it plugged in, especially peacock feathers to symbolize such a huge fan Look displayed announced the strong influence his Chinese colleagues that manage most of the movement.

Jatilan by a group played by dancers gemblak a rocking horse is a symbol of the power of the Majapahit Empire troops in comparison with the contrast Warok force behind the red mask of a clown who has become a symbol of Ki Ageng Kutu, one-and maintain the weight that reached more than singa barong masks of only 50 kg with his teeth.

Nevertheless, his art Reog are always allowed, staged, because the show was popular with the public, but the way his story has a new channel, the characters from the Roxburgh added Sewondono Kelono folklore, the goddess Sri Songgolangit and Genthayu.

Official version Reog Ponorogo story is now the story of King, who wish to apply for the daughter of yellow Ponorogo Kediri, Dewi Ragil, but the middle of the journey he was intercepted by the king of Kediri Singabarong. King Singabarong troops, consisting of peacocks and the lion, has during the part of the Kingdom of Roxburgh and his deputy Bujanganom Kelono King, accompanied by Warok (Men in Black dressed in dance) and Warok a deadly black magic. The dance is a dance of a war between the kingdom of Kediri and the Kingdom of Roxburgh, and pitted black magic between them, the dancers are in a state of "trance" during the dance.

Until now, people only follow what Ponorogo in their ancestral heritage as a rich cultural heritage. In his art, the experience is copyright Reog human creations that form to maintain the flow of an existing trust from generation to generation. The ceremony also terms that are not easy for lay people to reach it without a clear line. Kiss the base line of the common law which still applies.

Reog in the Present

Artist Reog Ponorogo graduates of art schools also address the development of dance Reog ponorogo. Students of the Art School of the stage and introduced the art of aesthetic movements coreografis then Reog ponorogo with festivals like the current format. It is a story that shows the sequence of them first, and indeed Warok and Jatilan, Bujangganong, Klana Sewandana and Peacock Barongan or sudden end. If any of these in action, to move other items, or come to dance, but not in the foreground.

A few years ago, the Foundation initiated the founding of the Reog, Ponorogo Reog Society Islands, whose members are composed of groups from various regions in Indonesia Reog who had participated in the National Festival Reog. Reog Ponorogo very open to the enrichment and changes in the movement.

Do You Know? Albert Einstein

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 09:10:00 +0700

Albert Einstein (March 14, 1879 April 18, 1955) is a theoretical physicist widely regarded as the greatest scientist of the 20th Century is considered. He advanced the theory of relativity and also contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and cosmology helped. He received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect and "for services to theoretical physics."

Having formulated the theory of general relativity, Einstein became famous in the world, a rare feat for a scientist. At his age, his fame has surpassed the fame of all scientists in history and popular culture, says Einstein is synonymous with intelligence or even genius. His face is one of the most famous in the world.

Albert Einstein, The Man of the Century (One of the Century)

In 1999, when Einstein "People of the Century" by Time magazine. Popularity does the name "Einstein" is widely used in advertising and other goods, and finally, "Albert Einstein" registered as trademarks.

To understand it, a unity in the name of Einstein photochemical, a chemical called Einsteinium and an asteroid named 2001 Einstein.

The Most Famous Formula of Einstein (see E = mc²):

E = mc²

Biography

Einstein was in Ulm, Württemberg, Germany, born about 100 km east of Stuttgart. Named his father, Hermann Einstein, a feather bed salesman who was then an electrochemical works, and his mother Pauline. They were married in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt. Her family was Jewish, Albert wrote in the Catholic school and the wishes of his mother gave violin lessons.

At the age of five, his father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that something in the room that "empty" traded on the needle, and he later described this experience as one of the most impressive moments of his life. Although he made models and mechanical devices as a hobby, it is considered a slow learner, possibly caused by dyslexia, shyness, or because the structure (examined after his death) of the rare and unusual in his brain. He later credited his theory of relativity to this slowness, saying that meditation space and time than other children, he is able to develop a more developed intelligence. A further look into the news recently, his spiritual development that he suffered from Asperger's syndrome, a condition with autism.

Einstein began to study mathematics at the age of twelve. There are rumors that he is in mathematics in his teaching, but it is not true alternative in the assessment of the following year to be confused. Two of his uncles helped develop an interest in the spiritual world in the last part of his childhood and youth through proposals, and books on science and mathematics.

In 1894, due to the failure of his father's business electrochemical Einstein moved from Munich to Pavia, Italy (Milan). Albert stayed to finish school, finish a semester before he found his family in Pavia.

The defect in the liberal arts at the entrance examination Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich) in the next year is a step back from his family sent him to Aarau, Switzerland, the complete High School, where he graduated in 1896, by Einstein several times to register at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The following year he moved Württemberg citizenship and become stateless.

In 1898 Einstein met and fell in love with Mileva Maric, a Serb who is a classmate (also a friend of Nikola Tesla). In 1900 he graduated from the Ecole Polytechnique Negar taught and accepted as a Swiss citizen in 1901. During this time Einstein discussed his interest in science to his close friends, including Mileva. He and Mileva had a daughter named Lieserl, born in January 1902. Lieserl Einstein, then, to be illegal, because the parents are not married.

Work and Doctoral Degree

Father of a classmate helped him a job as a technical assistant examiner at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902. There evaluate patent applications require Einstein inventor of devices, the knowledge of physics. He also learned the importance of demand compared to a bad declaration recognizing and learning from the director how "to explain it properly." Sometimes it is good to design and evaluate the feasibility of their work.

Einstein married Mileva on 6 January 1903. Einstein's marriage to Mileva, a mathematician. On 14 May 1904 was born the couple's first child, Hans Albert Einstein. Be fixed in 1904 Einstein's position at the Swiss Patent Office. He received his doctorate after submitting the thesis "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions" ("On a new determination of molecular dimensions") in 1905 at the University of Zurich.

That same year he wrote four articles that form the foundation of modern physics, without much scientific literature to appoint or not to many colleagues in the science that he discussed the theory. Most physicists agree that three of those papers (on Brownian motion), the photoelectric effect and special relativity) deserved Nobel Prize. Only the paper on the photoelectric effect would win one. What is paradoxical, not only because Einstein is far better known for relativity, but also because the photoelectric effect is a quantum phenomenon, and Einstein was cleared from the road in the quantum theory. What makes these papers remarkable is that in each case, Einstein boldly took an idea from theoretical physics to its logical consequences and managed to experimental results that baffled scientists for decades had to explain.

He presented a dissertation-thesis of the "Annals of Physics" They are usually addressed to "Annus Mirabilis Papers" (Latin: In good) .. Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) plans, 100 years of publishing the work of Einstein in 1905 to celebrate as the year of Physics, 2005.

Movement Brown

"Suspended on the motion by the kinetic molecular theory of heat from small particles in a stationary fluid required" in the first article in 1905 titled research includes the Brownian motion. By using the kinetic theory of fluids in the controversy, he decided that the phenomenon is still no satisfactory explanation for a few decades after its first observation, empirical evidence (based on the observations and experiments) to the reality of atoms made available. And also to give confidence in the statistical mechanics, which at that time considered controversial.

Before this work, the atom is known as a useful concept, but physicists and chemists hotly debated whether atoms really a tangible object. Einstein's statistical discussion of atomic behavior gave players a chance, the experimental atomic easy to compute by looking through the microscope. Wilhelm Ostwald, one of the leaders of the anti-atom school, later told Arnold Sommerfeld that he converted to a full explanation of Einstein on Brownian motion.

Do You Know? The New Canon Printer in 2011

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 25 Jul 2011 08:10:00 +0700

Canon as the leading printer manufacturers are still producing printers with the latest technology. Canon has recently launched five new types of printers in Jakarta, Wednesday 20 April, three of which have Wi-Fi launched.

The five types of printers PIXMA iX6560 be started, PIXMA MX886, MX426, MX416, MX366 and with a price range between Rp999 thousand to Rp 3, 5 million euros.

PIXMA iX6560 printer is one of the headlights. This unique feature of printers, the A3 in a compact and elegant design to print. This printer also features a Full HD video and print-Auto Photo Fix II

Canon PIXMA Marketing Director, Hero Chandra explains these features enable users to share documents, video convert razor-sharp images. Print speed of 11.3 ipm for black-and-white documents and 8.8 ipm in color.

Other types of printers Canon PIXMA MX886. Since the nature and MX416 MX426, this printer is also equipped with Wi-Fi. With the installation of the printer, the user will simply print documents from anywhere.

Canon PT Datascrip Director, Merry Harun, who said that the introduction on, he was optimistic, maintaining the market leader in Indonesia. Especially the latest printer with features that are filled treat their users.

Last year, the success of Canon sold more than one million units of printers and in 2011, the Merry-up, Canon is dedicated to improving sales revenues exceed in 2010 ..

Vice President of Canon Singapore Pte Ltd, said Issei Morimoto to salute the performance of the Canon Indonesia. He said the sales figures in 2010 are very encouraging.

Canon printer sales in 2010 reached 1.107 million last year, the success of Canon sells more than one million units of the printer. With the number of seconds from Indonesia to the United States, Japan, China and Germany.