Technical-Idea

Overview of Jacking oil system:

2015-07-04T06:25:00.000-07:00

Purpose:

The jacking oil system performs the following purposes:

Prevents metal to metal contact in the journal bearings by producing a hydrostatic oil film when the rotational shaft speed is too low to create a continuous hydrodynamic oil film.
Reduces the break away torque during run-up of the steam turbine rotor.

Function:

This is reached by the following functions:

Generates jacking oil pressure and flow.
Guides and distributes jacking oil to the steam turbine journal bearings.
Drains the jacking oil into the bearing pedestal

Components:

The following components are needed as a minimum:

• Jacking oil pump

• Pressure limiting valve

• Flow control valves

• Forwarding and distribution piping

• Lube oil tank

Principle:

1.The jacking oil system protects the turbines journal bearings during start-up and shut-down. The shaft of the steam turbine rests on the journal bearings.

2.Before the shaft is turned, jacking oil is supplied to the bearings to lift the shaft so that it floats on an oil film rather than on the metal surface of the bearings.

3.The jacking oil pump supplies the jacking oil system. This pump is an axial piston type, which is located on the lube oil tank. The Lube oil system feeds the jacking oil pump from downstream of the lube oil filter. A common AC motor drives both the jacking oil and turning gear pump

4.A pressure limiting valve maintains the pressure in the jacking oil system in accordance with the operating data. The oil passes through a flow control valve before entering each bearing. It drains into the bearing pedestal and flows back to the lube oil tank through the drain pipe lines, together with lube oil returning from the lube oil system.

Hydrostatic Turning Gear :

Purpose:

The turning gear system performs the following functions:

Continuously turns the rotor at low speed before start up and after shut-down.
Ventilation, caused by the blades, prevents bending due to temperature differences between top and bottom, caused by natural convection after stand still of the hot turbine.
Avoids the rubbing of blading and seal strips due to rotor bending during restart.

Function:

This is reached by the following functions:

Pressure generation (motor / hand)
Pressure control
Engaging / disengaging of turning gear
Turning of rotor
Hydraulic control

Components:

Therefore the following components are needed as a minimum:

Turning gear pump
Hydro motor with drive pinion
Sliding piston
Control solenoid valves (creep speed, rotary, engaging)
Pressure control and reducing valves
Hand pump

System Description:

1.The turning gear system rotates the turbine shaft so that it will not bend, due to uneven temperature distribution. The lube oil supply downstream of the lube oil filter feeds the turning gear pump, which is driven by the same AC-Motor that drives the jacking oil pump.

2.The turning gear pump is an axial piston type, which is located on the lube oil tank. Oil that is discharged from the pump is guided to the common turning gear housing, which consists of an axial movable drive pinion, a coupled radial piston motor and a control block.

3.To engage the drive pinion, a solenoid valve is activated, which exerts lube oil pressure on the piston of the drive pinion.

4.The piston moves axially against a spring force in the direction of the gear rim on the turbine shaft. At the same time, creep speed operation of the radial piston motor is started by the force from the pressure reduced oil from the turning gear pump to assure engagement of the drive pinion.

After engagement, controlled by a limit switch, the full pressure from the turning gear pump is supplied to the radial piston motor turning the shaft with full turning gear speed.

Then the engagement solenoid valve is switched off, the turning gear remains engaged by the positive torque of hydraulic motor.

Two solenoid valves, one for creep speed and the other for full speed, control the turning gear oil supply.

For disengagement, the normal speed solenoid valve is switched off, the torque becomes negative (speed of steam turbine > speed of hydraulic motor) and the pinion wheel is driven out of engagement by the action of the helicoil spline on the shaft. Finally a spring forces the wheel out off the engagement and fully home into the opening of the engagement cylinder.

Operation and Supervision:

The jacking oil system and the turning gear system belong to the same function group controller. The turning gear pump and the jacking oil pump are driven by one common AC motor. Turning gear operation without jacking oil switched on is not allowed, because the bearings can be damaged due to insufficient lubrication. Therefore the operation of both systems is described here together.

The operation is fully described in the operation manual, which should be read carefully. Nevertheless, the most important facts are listed in this section.

Operating Method:

The system may be operated using the following methods:

• Manual operation from the control room via operator station and function group controller.

• Automatic operation by automatic start-up and shut-down sequencer.

Normally the system will be operated using the automatic sequencer. However, during system checks, routine maintenance or maintenance the system has to be operated manually.

System start up sequence:

Before any operation may take place, the following systems have to be in operation:

• Lube oil cooling system, i.e. closed cooling water system.

• Lube oil system.

Start up procedure:

before start-up, the steam turbine must be on turning gear for the following periods of time!

Shaft standstill Minimum turning time

less than 1 day 2 hours

up to 7 days 6 hours

7 - 30 days 12 hours

more than 30 days 24 hours

• In case the above mentioned times can not be met, the turbo group should be operated in a speed range of 550 - 600 rpm for approximately 20 minutes.

• First the jacking oil system is started, then the turning gear system must be engaged manually.

• Before the turning gear system is put into operation, the rotor must be rotated manually with the hand pump. This is to ensure free movement.

• The turning gear system is automatically switched-off if the speed is above a certain value.

• The jacking oil pump is switched-off at approximately 90 % speed.

Supervision:

During start-up the following has to be supervised:

• Jacking oil & turning gear pump motor switches-on.

• Turning gear engages.

• Turbine shaft speed is equal to turning gear speed.

• The jacking oil pump switches-off above 90 % steam turbine shaft speed.

Normal operation:

During normal operation the jacking oil and turning gear pumps are shut-down, i.e. the systems are "not in operation". However, the function group is active (on automatic) and will switch-on both pumps when needed.

Supervision:

During normal operation the following has to be supervised:

• Function group on "automatic".

• Jacking oil & turning gear pump motor is switched-off.

Shut down:

• The jacking oil pump starts at 90 % below full speed.

• The turning gear is engaged if the turbine speed is below 4 rpm.

• The turning gear operation is switched off, if the turbine metal temperature falls below a certain value.

Supervision:

During shut-down the following has to be supervised:

• Jacking oil pump is starting.

• Turning gear is engaged if turbine speed is less than 4 rpm.

• Turbine speed equal to turning gear speed when the turning gear is engaged.

Emergency Operation:

Automatic operation failure:

1.If the automatic turning gear operation does not work, the shaft has to be turned manually:

• Check if the lube oil system and jacking oil system is in service.

• Push the jog push button on the local panel to engage the gear and turn the turbine shaft manually with the hand pump.

• Turn the shaft by 180° as follows.

• Every 5 min. during the first 2 hours.

• Every 10 min. during the next 10 hours.

• Every 30 min. until the turbine metal temperature is low enough to switch off.

• Do not use excessive force to turn the shaft as this can cause serious damage. Instead, check for proper shaft lift and engaging of the turning gear. If the shaft will not turn, wait until the unit is cold and try again. If it still does not move, investigate the cause.

2.In case of an emergency the turning gear system may be switched-off for a maximum of 15 minutes after one day and 30 minutes after 2 days steam turbine shut-down. However, the vacuum in the condenser must be broken and the gland steam system switched-off.

AC power loss:

In case of an AC loss the steam turbine will trip. In order to safely run-out the turbine shaft, jacking oil is needed. Typically the following solutions are used:

• Stand-by jacking oil pump unit driven by a DC motor dedicated for run-out and consequent rotor turning for cool down.

• Emergency diesel generator to cover all essential power users to safely shut-down the plant. This solution requires no DC- backup jacking oil pump.

Facebook Fanpage

2012-07-28T01:31:00.002-07:00

HOW TO: Update your Facebook Fanpage via RSS Feed?

I was searching for a solution to auto update my Facebook Fan page which will have link to my blog posts. Earlier I had used Facebook notes to update my RSS.

It was little buggy and stopped working after few days. To get it working I again reconfigured it and it started working well.

But the main problem with notes is it does not generate any traffic. It showed the entire post in the Facebook Fan page itself and also has no back-link to the blog. This does not help you to generate any traffic to your blog.

If you cannot generate good traffic out of Facebook Fanpage then its a big blow to your traffic generation strategy which might have a huge setback in revenue generation goals.

Okay enough cursing the notes now let me tell you a very nice way of getting your RSS feeds to be posted on your Facebook Fan page.

Just follow below steps to get your RSS feed to be updated on your Facebook Fan page with link back to your posts.

1. Log into your Facebook Account.
2. Visit the http://www.rssgraffiti.com/ and click on Start Sharing or
3. Directly visit http://apps.facebook.com/rssgraffiti/
4. Give Access to the plugin.

5. After you have given access you will see all the profiles, Fanpages and Groups you have rights to post in.
6. Simply click on one of profiles, Fanpages or Groups you want to auto update the RSS feed.
7. Click on Add Feed button to configure your Feed.

8. Configure your feed in the below manner.

9.Once you have configured you will see something like this.

10. You can repeat the steps for other profile, pages or Groups.
This is one time activity. Also you can link multiple RSS feeds to the same Fanpage from different sources.

Is Vesta Actually a Planet Posing as an Asteroid?

2011-12-12T22:56:00.000-08:00

Vesta's Surface Science@NASA

The asteroid Vesta was first discovered two centuries ago, but until NASA’s Dawn spacecraft arrived there earlier this year and began beaming back images and data, Vesta was seen as just another blurry, rocky satellite out there orbiting in the asteroid belt. Now, with Dawn’s instruments giving researchers their first really good look at Vesta’s composition and surface features, some astronomers are wondering if perhaps they haven’t discovered a small terrestrial planet rather than an asteroid.

The distinction between “dwarf planet” and “asteroid” is a bit nebulous and ultimately up to the International Astronomical Union. But in a post here last week we noted that the composition of Vesta is actually very similar to Earth’s--with separated layers like a core, mantle, and crust--suggesting that at one point in Vesta’s past it had a hot molten core that caused heavier materials (like iron) to sink inward while lighter materials flowed to the top.

This process is called differentiation, and it occurred on all of the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) in our solar system. Topographic characteristics like huge mountains and valleys, ridges, craters, and plains are lending further credence to this analysis. All told, Dawn researchers believe Vesta formed more like a terrestrial planet than the average asteroid.

That formation would’ve happened about 4.5 billion years ago at the same time the rest of the planets were forming. As Jupiter gathered mass, the gravity it exerted on the asteroid belt interfered with the coalescing of material there. Vesta was probably on its way to becoming a terrestrial planet before its growth was stunted. Still, it differentiated in its early life just like a planet, and the Dawn team is now looking for volcanoes and lava flows that it thinks were once present on Vesta’s surface (not to belabor the point, but the presence of volcanoes would be super Earth-like).

All that points to the possibility that Vesta could be reclassified as a dwarf planet, joining the likes of Pluto and Ceres--another asteroid belt dweller already classified as a dwarf planet and the a research target for Dawn starting in 2015.

Increase your Blog traffic ?

2011-11-30T01:15:00.000-08:00

Increasing blog traffic is one of the major concerns of bloggers. After all its one of the important measure of your blogging success. Increasing blog traffic was one of the first articles i read online and it feels really good to write something about that i have learned over time.

To summarize the entire post in few words, I believe the major contenders in increasing blog traffic are your blog posts frequency (quality post with proper SEO) and posting timings. These few factors play the vital role in driving traffic to your blog.

And yea, consistency is a backbone too! So lets start with our exciting list of the top 20 ways by which we can boost our blog traffic.

1-Starting Off- Choosing Your Blog Platform

This can play a huge role in your blog's future performance and in determining your blogging success. Many top bloggers often use their own custom content managing systems. This means that they wont be using the popular blogging platforms like WordPress or Blogger and instead, they would make out their own blogging system, with posting tools, their own set layout of blog, their own custom commenting system etc.

This can be tricky for the beginners. So for this purpose, most recommend to use the popular content managing systems like WordPress, Blogger, Typed etc.

Just to know, there is nothing like perfect blogging platform. Its basically about fulfilling your needs. Some might be satisfied with Blogger and some with Typed/WordPress. So it depends. The posts below would better help you out in using one for yourself.

So find out which one suites you best and then move on.

2-Make Your Blog As a Sub domain Of Your Website

As blogs are getting popular due to the way they present information and their interactive nature, many websites (companies) opt in for making a blog for them self too. Notice how we have Facebook blog or Twitter blog.

The whole point of the story is that in case we own a website already and we wish to proceed with having a blog too, then its a wise idea to get register your blog as a sub domain of your website. Why to start all over all with your blog?

Having a blog as a sub domain in (blog.yourwebsite.com) would help out your website in gaining more visitors in future (as blogs attract a lot of traffic due to their interactive nature and the way they are updated regularly, unlike a website).

The page rank of your website (the Google ranking authority), that you have already gained over the years would flow toward your newly build blog and make flourish faster as it would if it had a separate domain name. (www.yourblog.com)

Say if you are just starting out with a blog and you don't have a website history, then you obviously would start out with an independent blog domain.

3-Proper SEO For Your Blog And Every Individual Post

Posting with consistency over a long period of time would give you success, in terms of traffic, loyal readership and revenue. But that's not it. 1000s of posts with wrong search engine optimization (SEO) would not help at all.

We want every post to go out in the competition and rock the world. For that, its a wise idea to choose proper title tags or your blog and post pages. The following two articles would help you out acheive this.

To summarize the Title strategy, its a wise approach to make your blog post title appear in the following order: (post name | blog name) e.g ( How to make money online | Mybloggertricks ). Choose proper keywords, that are friendly to human eye and are not just for the search engines.

4-Show Yourself Authoritative Even If Your Are Newbie

This might feel odd but its just how many top bloggers started off. No one in the world is perfect when they first launched their blog. So say you blog about cricket. And as i mostly say, that one could never get blogging success if hes not passionate about the topic he writes on. So its the first test you have to put yourself in.

Consider that you are a huge fan of cricket and know quite a bit about it. So as you blog along, you read more articles online related to cricket and then you share your knowledge with your readers in a way that you already knew it. So present what you know in a way that you know it well. Thats the main point i wanted to make here.

It doesn't mean that you spread out wrong information (as you are a newbie). Its just that learn along and present it wisely.

5-Participate In The Community (Forums, Blogs)

This can be helpful to some extent. But i also believe that many beginners get distracted with this strategy and loose focus on the posting frequency part (that is the basics). Consider a news paper company. Take NewYork Times just for an example.

News paper is kind of a blog, that is updated regularly (on daily basis). If you would get a newspaper the next morning with old news, would you consider having it again? Even if we consider that the NewYork Times were busy in making relationships with other bloggers, newspapers and community to increase their scope.

The content is what people come to your blog. So do participate in blogs commenting systems (blogs of your choice, relevant to your niche) but schedule a time limit for it in your entire day plan. May be an hour or so. I personally don't do it on regular basis (to be honest. I try to focus on developing content for my blog).

To find blogs in your relevant niche, say you blog about dogs food, then search in Google like, Top dog foods. That would bring a lot of blogs up. Start following them and participate.

6-InBound And Out Bound Linking

Linking content is really important too. Though this might not directly increase your traffic, but this would indeed increase your page rank (as discussed before) and then would bring quality search engine traffic for sure.

In bound linking is basically when you link your post with some other post on your blog. Notice how i shared other old relevant post that were shared on Mybloggertricks in the past. This is inbound linking. You can directly mention old posts like (you might also like bla bla) or make the link within the sentence. Take an example of the next sentence.

It is always important to know How To Inter-link Pages Smartly To Flow The PR Juice To Ever Single Page!. See? You can make the link part of your sentence too. Its works the same. In this way, the page rank that your present post have gained would flow to these linked posts, resulting them to get higher ranked in search engines.

7-Increasing Post Frequency With Guest Bloggers

There is a limit to the number of posts that you can mange to write in a single day. May be 3-4 maximum. So why not to take help of other guest authors that would help you out in the process. This is the general idea. But to note, you wont be getting any guest bloggers in your early blogging days and no one would feel like posting and associating them selves with a newbie blog.

So you have to do the initial hard work of posting regularly (or you can hire paid bloggers too) and then seek on guest bloggers.

How to Write and Submit a Guest Post?

8-Posting Timings

Hell important. Take on an example of this blog. There is nothing to hide guys. We feel like sharing our experience through these posts. :)

So now days i normally publish posts around 11-12am. (which makes up 8-10am in US, from where most of the internet traffic lands on). This is the time where most of the people check on blogs (as per stats). I may visit mybloggertricks in my office once a day, and if there is no new content (even if the authors would post later in the day, i wont get to read it).

So its wise to publish out the article when most of the people tend to read it. So coming back to timings, when ever i get late in post, we tend to see a decrease in the Alexa rank! So posting on right timings would increase it dramatically.

9-Consider Using Ads When You Get Setup

Imagine a blog with no or less traffic is full of ads. What impression would that give? A clean blog with clear cut content gives out a more positive feel. That doesnt mean you should not monetize your blog, but i believe that as due to the low traffic, the Ads wont make you any considerable money, so why not to give a clean look to blog until you get some loyal traffic.

That would be the time to introduce the Ads.

10-Always Talk Hot!

Many of the readers here at MBT shared their views that how we published a post on Christmas Gadgets.Christmas is near so why not to talk about it? Its hot. This is one of the strategies of flowing traffic towards your blog. There is nothing to hide. Thats how the world of blogging works.

In fact this is what blogging is. What if a SEO blogger doesn't tell the top blogging techniques to their visitors? So if there is a particular dog disease out in the world, and you blog about dogs, do write about it.

11-Content Layout- Addition of Pictures/Media

Pictures are better than thousand words. We know that. Notice how pictures in this post make it more interesting to read. Its just some kind of natural force that makes you continue reading out the rest of the post.

Its a must. Find any relevant video to your content to if you could find one.

12-Learn With Your Analytics

Monitor your blog's top articles in terms on visitors, bounce rate, time spent etc and then try to improve those articles. Feature them in your feature post widget for your blog so that they get even more attention. Try to update the content, if there is any thing new to the post theme.

Notice your top performing days which bring most of the traffic and try to utilize it. You may want to add an extra post on that top performing day.

13-URL SEO- Post link layout

Like in WordPress, you write the post url separately to the post title unlike in blogger. In blogger, you can add some additional code to your templates, to make the post titles as your post url. The best SEO url strategy is to make the url same as the post title, with keywords that you are targeting.

14-Be polite, Humble Blogger

Your relationships with your readers is crucial. No one likes rude attitude. When a reader leaves out a comment, greet him in a great way that he would be feel honored to share his thoughts again. This would increase the interactivity of your blog and if you continue to do so consistently, you would find a great people ready to praise you all the time.

15-Table of Contents Can Help

If you have a blog with tutorials, tips, then its a wise approach to have list of contents (sitemap) that would help navigation easy for the visitors. This can increase the number of page views dramatically. So like wise bounce rate would drop (that's what you want).

16-Say All What You Got

Be natural and say it all. When the readers would know that you are straight about what you know and anything that you don't know, they would respect you. When you mention any thing that is still new for yourself, be positive and mention that you are still experimenting on that one.

Every one is in the process of learning all the time.

17-Creating Curiosity And Fulfilling it

The ebook creation series that i have worked over the last couple of days has developed a curiosity among many of our friends here at MBT. Series of posts works pretty well for this purpose. Always mention what is coming next day so that readers would feel like waiting for it.

18- Drive Referal Traffic-YouTube

YouTube has been really in, in terms of driving traffic to my blog. In fact my top performing article is backed by a YouTube video that brings in much of a traffic. You would have seen many top bloggers using YouTube videos to give an extra edge to their content.

You can make a short video supporting your article and embed that into your post. Believe me that gives a great impression.

19- Build a Brand- Work On To Be Unique

Your blog looks and feel are very important in terms on developing a unique brand. Even if you use a template, work on to make it more personel so that it just belongs to you. Clean and clear design can impress the visitors and tend them to push the like buttons here and there. I often go for like buttons on blogs just by their first impression.

It means a lot.

20- Post Frequency Final Note:

Many beginners dont get the post frequency part. They can never decide the right post frequency for their blogs. As here, i would recommend posting out 2 or more articles daily (they can be short around 400 words) and then stick to this for 6-8 months. The results would be self explainatory.

So these are the top 20 tips that would lead you to drive traffic to your blogs may it beblogspot blogs or any other. The idea is universal. Again buddy, the power is in consistency. This is for the motivational purpose. If you don't stick to what you do, there is no use. So lets do it together and sketch our success with our own hands.

Peace!

Google launches New Security for your Gmail Accounts

2011-11-28T01:55:00.000-08:00

Watch this video.........
It is giving new step-2 verification whenever u login from different PC's keepig your account being hacked

by Phishing,key logger softwares etc.......so make your account secured..

Bermuda Triangle Mystery

2011-11-28T00:49:00.000-08:00

Computer studies of ocean floors around the world, particularly the area known as The Bermuda Triangle, reveal evidence of massive methane explosions in the past. For years, believers in the paranormal, aliens, and other outlandish theories pointed to the the disappearance of ships and aircraft as an indicator of mysterious forces at work in the “Devil’s triangle.” Scientists have finally pointed the rest of us to a more plausible cause.

The presence of methane hydrates indicates enormous eruptions of methane bubbles that would swamp a ship, and projected high into the air- take out flying airplanes, as well.

Any ships caught within the methane mega-bubble immediately lose all buoyancy and sink to the bottom of the ocean. If the bubbles are big enough and possess a high enough density they can also knock aircraft out of the sky with little or no warning. Aircraft falling victim to these methane bubbles will lose their engines-perhaps igniting the methane surrounding them-and immediately lose their lift as well, ending their flights by diving into the ocean and swiftly plummeting.

Bermuda Triangle Image Gallery

The Bermuda Triangle covers roughly 500,000 square miles in the Atlantic Ocean. See more Bermuda Triangle pictures.

You won't find it on any official map and you won't know when you cross the line, but according to some people, the Bermuda Triangle is a very real place where dozen of ships, planes and people have disappeared with no good explanation. Since a magazine first coined the phrase "Bermuda Triangle" in 1964, the mystery has continued to attract attention. When you dig deeper into most cases, though, they're much less mysterious. Either they were never in the area to begin with, they were actually found, or there's a reasonable explanation for their disappearance.

Does this mean there's nothing to the claims of so many who have had odd experiences in the Bermuda Triangle? Not necessarily. Scientists have documented deviations from the norm in the area and have found some interesting formations on the seafloor within the Bermuda Triangle's boundaries. So, for those who like to believe in it, there is plenty fuel for the fire.

In this article, we'll look at the facts surrounding what we do know about the area as well as some of the most commonly-recited stories. We'll also explore the bizarre theories like aliens and space portals as well as the mundane explanations.

Many think of the Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, as an "imaginary" area. The U. S. Board of Geographic Names does not recognize the Bermuda Triangle and does not maintain an official file on it. However, within this imaginary area, many real vessels and the people aboard them have seemingly disappeared without explanation.

The Bermuda Triangle is located off the Southeastern coast of the United States in the Atlantic Ocean, with its apexes in the vicinities of Bermuda, Miami, Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico. It covers roughly 500,000 square miles.

The area may have been named after its Bermuda apex since Bermuda was once known as the "Isle of Devils." Treacherous reefs that have ensnared ships sailing too close to its shores surround Bermuda, and there are hundreds of shipwrecks in the waters that surround it.

Bluetooth

2011-11-26T19:47:00.000-08:00

When you use computers, entertainment systems or telephones, the various pieces and parts of the systems make up a community of electronic devices. These devices communicate with each other using a variety of wires, cables, radio signals and infrared light beams, and an even greater variety of connectors, plugs and protocols.

There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can connect to one another. For example:

Component cables
Electrical wires
Ethernet cables
WiFi
Infrared signals

The art of connecting things is becoming more and more complex every day. In this article, we will look at a method of connecting devices, called Bluetooth, that can streamline the process. A Bluetooth connection is wireless and automatic, and it has a number of interesting features that can simplify our daily lives.

bluetooth bracelet

The Problem

When any two devices need to talk to each other, they have to agree on a number of points before the conversation can begin. The first point of agreement is physical: Will they talk over wires, or through some form of wireless signals? If they use wires, how many are required -- one, two, eight, 25? Once the physical attributes are decided, several more questions arise:

How much data will be sent at a time? For instance, serial ports send data 1 bit at a time, while parallel ports send several bits at once.
How will they speak to each other? All of the parties in an electronic discussion need to know what the bits mean and whether the message they receive is the same message that was sent. This means developing a set of commands and responses known as a protocol.

Bluetooth offers a solution to the problem.

How Bluetooth Creates a Connection

Bluetooth takes small-area networking to the next level by removing the need for user intervention and keeping transmission power extremely low to save battery power. Picture this: You're on your Bluetooth-enabled cell phone, standing outside the door to your house. You tell the person on the other end of the line to call you back in five minutes so you can get in the house and put your stuff away. As soon as you walk in the house, the map you received on your cell phone from your car's Bluetooth-enabled GPS system is automatically sent to your Bluetooth-enabled computer, because your cell phone picked up a Bluetooth signal from your PC and automatically sent the data you designated for transfer. Five minutes later, when your friend calls you back, your Bluetooth-enabled home phone rings instead of your cell phone. The person called the same number, but your home phone picked up the Bluetooth signal from your cell phone and automatically re-routed the call because it realized you were home. And each transmission signal to and from your cell phone consumes just 1 milliwatt of power, so your cell phone charge is virtually unaffected by all of this activity.

Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at two levels:

It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard.
It provides agreement at the protocol level, where products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many will be sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message sent.

The big draws of Bluetooth are that it is wireless, inexpensive and automatic. There are other ways to get around using wires, including infrared communication. Infrared (IR) refers to light waves of a lower frequency than human eyes can receive and interpret. Infrared is used in most television remote controlsystems. Infrared communications are fairly reliable and don't cost very much to build into a device, but there are a couple of drawbacks. First, infrared is a "line of sight" technology. For example, you have to point the remote control at the television or DVD player to make things happen. The second drawback is that infrared is almost always a "one to one" technology. You can send data between your desktop computer and your laptop computer, but not your laptop computer and your PDA at the same time. (See How Remote Controls Work to learn more about infrared communication.)

These two qualities of infrared are actually advantageous in some regards. Because infrared transmitters and receivers have to be lined up with each other, interference between devices is uncommon. The one-to-one nature of infrared communications is useful in that you can make sure a message goes only to the intended recipient, even in a room full of infrared receivers.

Bluetooth is intended to get around the problems that come with infrared systems. The older Bluetooth 1.0 standard has a maximum transfer speed of 1 megabit per second (Mbps), while Bluetooth 2.0 can manage up to 3 Mbps. Bluetooth 2.0 is backward-compatible with 1.0 devices.

Let's find out how Bluetooth networking works.

WHY IS IT CALLED BLUETOOTH?

Harald Bluetooth was king of Denmark in the late 900s. He managed to unite Denmark and part of Norway into a single kingdom then introduced Christianity into Denmark. He left a large monument, the Jelling rune stone, in memory of his parents. He was killed in 986 during a battle with his son, Svend Forkbeard. Choosing this name for the standard indicates how important companies from the Nordic region (nations including Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) are to the communications industry, even if it says little about the way the technology works.

How Bluetooth Operates

Bluetooth networking transmits data via low-power radio waves. It communicates on a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (actually between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz, to be exact). This frequency band has been set aside by international agreement for the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM).

A number of devices that you may already use take advantage of this same radio-frequency band. Baby monitors, garage-door openers and the newest generation of cordless phones all make use of frequencies in the ISM band. Making sure that Bluetooth and these other devices don't interfere with one another has been a crucial part of the design process.

One of the ways Bluetooth devices avoid interfering with other systems is by sending out very weak signals of about 1 milliwatt. By comparison, the most powerful cell phones can transmit a signal of 3 watts. The low power limits the range of a Bluetooth device to about 10 meters (32 feet), cutting the chances of interference between your computer system and your portable telephone or television. Even with the low power, Bluetooth doesn't require line of sight between communicating devices. The walls in your house won't stop a Bluetooth signal, making the standard useful for controlling several devices in different rooms.

Bluetooth can connect up to eight devices simultaneously. With all of those devices in the same 10-meter (32-foot) radius, you might think they'd interfere with one another, but it's unlikely. Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping that makes it rare for more than one device to be transmitting on the same frequency at the same time. In this technique, a device will use 79 individual, randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range, changing from one to another on a regular basis. In the case of Bluetooth, the transmitters change frequencies 1,600 times every second, meaning that more devices can make full use of a limited slice of the radio spectrum. Since every Bluetooth transmitter uses spread-spectrum transmitting automatically, it’s unlikely that two transmitters will be on the same frequency at the same time. This same technique minimizes the risk that portable phones or baby monitors will disrupt Bluetooth devices, since any interference on a particular frequency will last only a tiny fraction of a second.

When Bluetooth-capable devices come within range of one another, an electronic conversation takes place to determine whether they have data to share or whether one needs to control the other. The user doesn't have to press a button or give a command -- the electronic conversation happens automatically. Once the conversation has occurred, the devices -- whether they're part of a computer system or a stereo -- form a network. Bluetooth systems create a personal-area network (PAN), or piconet, that may fill a room or may encompass no more distance than that between the cell phone on a belt-clip and the headset on your head. Once a piconet is established, the members randomly hop frequencies in unison so they stay in touch with one another and avoid other piconets that may be operating in the same room. Let's check out an example of a Bluetooth-connected system.

Bluetooth Piconets

Let's say you have a typical modern living room with typical modern stuff inside. There's an entertainment system with a stereo, a DVD player, a satellite TV receiver and a television; there's also a cordless telephone and a personal computer. Each of these systems uses Bluetooth, and each forms its own piconet to talk between the main unit and peripheral.

The cordless telephone has one Bluetooth transmitter in the base and another in the handset. The manufacturer has programmed each unit with anaddress that falls into a range of addresses it has established for a particular type of device. When the base is first turned on, it sends radio signals asking for a response from any units with an address in a particular range. Since the handset has an address in the range, it responds, and a tiny network is formed. Now, even if one of these devices should receive a signal from another system, it will ignore it since it's not from within the network. The computer and entertainment system go through similar routines, establishing networks among addresses in ranges established by manufacturers. Once the networks are established, the systems begin talking among themselves. Each piconet hops randomly through the available frequencies, so all of the piconets are completely separated from one another.

Now the living room has three separate networks established, each one made up of devices that know the address of transmitters it should listen to and the address of receivers it should talk to. Since each network is changing the frequency of its operation thousands of times a second, it's unlikely that any two networks will be on the same frequency at the same time. If it turns out that they are, then the resulting confusion will only cover a tiny fraction of a second, and software designed to correct for such errors weeds out the confusing information and gets on with the network's business.

Nokia NFC Smartphones - Just Tap to Share and Play

2011-11-26T09:39:00.000-08:00

What is NFC Technology ?

In the recent years new standards referring to RFID technology are imposed and among them surely the NFC (Near Field Communication) is important. It is the technology with the radio frequency which allows communication between two devices that are near. They allow the exchange of information or performance of security payment. The designers claim that NFC will simplify to its extreme the way of interaction between the consumers device and guarantee a fast and secure information exchange.

Possible applications are many folded:

Paying by mobile devices like cell phones
Credit card integration into a mobile device
Electronic money integrating with prepaid cards
Electronic ticketing for transport usage
Personal electronic document
Download of data from kiosks such as railway time table
Flight and hotel booking
Music and photos download from camera, cell phones, multimedia readers
Connections P2P (peer to peer) for an easy information transmission between wireless devices

Nokia has introduced NFC technology in their latest smartphones available in the market. NFC (Near Field communication) allows you quick transfer of images, data, personal contacts, videos and more by just tapping the two phones together. A comparison between NFC and Bluetooth is also included in this article. Read the article to know the fabulous features available in NFC.

Nokia has come up with NFC technology in their latest smartphones. NFC means Near Field Communication that enables simplified transfer and exchange of data through wireless connection. The data can be transferred between the devices just touching the phones each other. NFC makes the users to transfer data within no time. If you want to share a picture, then just tap your phone with the one you want to pass it on. Nokia is giving a wide advertisement after the introduction of NFC feature in their smartphones. NFC just tap to share technology is now available in Nokia 701, Nokia 700, Nokia 603, Nokia C7-00 and Nokia N9

Application in India

There has been limited use of NFC technology all across the world with India currently having only two instances of it being implanted.

Tata DoCoMo – The service was announced in February 2011 where Tata aimed at providing its customers with anytime, anywhere talk time recharge, bill payment and other value added services (VAS) in self service mode. At the time of announcement, the service was to be run on a trial basis in Hyderabad. During the initial phase, services of mobile phone top ups, download of ringtones and wallpapers would be offered.

Citibank – Citibank offered the NFC technology in collaboration with Nokia, Vodafone, MasterCard and VIVOtech. Labelled as ‘Citi Tap and Pay’, Citibank customers could pay for their purchases by using their mobile phones as credit cards. At the time of launch, Citi partnered with Nokia to run the functionality on NFC enabled Nokia 6212, Vodafone for the mobile network associated with the service and MasterCard as the contactless payment and security infrastructure.

For the future

Biggies in the form of Amazon, Google, Apple and Microsoft are all vying to tap in on the NFC mobile payment market which is expected to grow immensely in the future.

The technology is prevalent in Japan but is still making inroads in other countries across the world. With technologies such as E-commerce becoming popular in India, more and more people are seeing the need to have easier means of making transactions. While E-commerce reduces the need of making physical visits when looking to buy products, in-store payments through NFC could be the end result of the physical visit as well.

In-store payments is seen as the biggest use of NFC technology whereas its usage and adaptability can be drawn to various aspects of life. It could be used for transportation, health care, ease of use, smartly access objects and social media as well.

A Forrester report indicates the technology would take some time in being implemented as current numbers indicate only 12% of adults in the US and 6% adults in Europe have made transactions through their mobile phones.

Near Field Communications technology is going to be implemented in London during the 2012 Olympics which would enable handset owners with NFC feature enabled to make contactless payments at over 60,000 locations.

for further info:- checkout this link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication

Supersonic Speed

2011-11-25T17:34:00.000-08:00

A sonic boom is the sound associated with the shock waves created by an object traveling through the air faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion. The crack of a supersonic bullet passing overhead is an example of a sonic boom in miniature.

The sound source has now broken through the sound speed barrier, and is traveling at 1.4 times the speed of sound, c (Mach 1.4). Since the source is moving faster than the sound waves it creates, it actually leads the advancing wavefront. The sound source will pass by a stationary observer before the observer actually hears the sound it creates. As a result, an observer in front of the source will detect and an observer behind the source .

Here is the video for better understanding:-

causes:

A sonic boom produced by an aircraft moving at M=2.92, calculated from the cone angle of 20 degrees. An observer hears the boom when the shock wave, on the edges of the cone, crosses his or her location.

When an object passes through the air it creates a series of pressure waves in front of it and behind it, similar to the bow and stern waves created by a boat. These waves travel at the speed of sound, and as the speed of the object increases, the waves are forced together, or compressed, because they cannot get out of the way of each other, eventually merging into a single shock wave at the speed of sound. This critical speed is known as Mach 1 and is approximately 1,225 km/h (761 mph) at sea level and 20 °C (68 °F). In smooth flight, the shock wave starts at the nose of the aircraft and ends at the tail. Because radial directions around the aircraft's direction of travel are equivalent, the shock forms a Mach cone with the aircraft at its tip. The half-angle (between direction of flight and the shock wave)

α

is given by

where is the plane's Mach number. So the faster it goes, the finer, (more pointed) the cone.

There is a rise in pressure at the nose, decreasing steadily to a negative pressure at the tail, followed by a sudden return to normal pressure after the object passes. This "overpressure profile" is known as an N-wave because of its shape. The "boom" is experienced when there is a sudden change in pressure, so the N-wave causes two booms, one when the initial pressure rise from the nose hits, and another when the tail passes and the pressure suddenly returns to normal. This leads to a distinctive "double boom" from supersonic aircraft. When maneuvering, the pressure distribution changes into different forms, with a characteristic U-wave shape.

Since the boom is being generated continually as long as the aircraft is supersonic, it fills out a narrow path on the ground following the aircraft's flight path, a bit like an unrolling red carpet and hence known as the "boom carpet". Its width depends on the altitude of the aircraft. The distance from the point on the ground where the boom is heard to the aircraft depends on its altitude and the angle

α

For today's supersonic aircraft in normal operating conditions, the peak overpressure varies from less than 50 to 500 Pa (one pound per square foot to about 10 pounds per square foot) for a N-wave boom. Peak overpressures for U-waves are amplified two to five times the N-wave, but this amplified overpressure impacts only a very small area when compared to the area exposed to the rest of the sonic boom. The strongest sonic boom ever recorded was 7,000 Pa (144 pounds per square foot) and it did not cause injury to the researchers who were exposed to it. The boom was produced by a F-4 flying just above the speed of sound at an altitude of 100 feet (30 m). In recent tests, the maximum boom measured during more realistic flight conditions was 1,010 Pa (21 pounds per square foot). There is a probability that some damage — shattered glass for example — will result from a sonic boom. Buildings in good repair should suffer no damage by pressures of 11 pounds per square foot or less. And, typically, community exposure to sonic boom is below two pounds per square foot. Ground motion resulting from sonic boom is rare and is well below structural damage thresholds accepted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and other agencies.^[1]

The power, or volume, of the shock wave is dependent on the quantity of air that is being accelerated, and thus the size and shape of the aircraft. As the aircraft increases speed the shock cone gets tighter around the craft and becomes weaker to the point that at very high speeds and altitudes no boom is heard. The "length" of the boom from front to back is dependent on the length of the aircraft to a factor of 3:2^{[citation needed]}. Longer aircraft therefore "spread out" their booms more than smaller ones, which leads to a less powerful boom.

Several smaller shock waves can, and usually do, form at other points on the aircraft, primarily any convex points or curves, the leading wing edge and especially the inlet to engines. These secondary shockwaves are caused by the air being forced to turn around these convex points, which generates a shock wave in supersonic flow.

The later shock waves are somewhat faster than the first one, travel faster and add to the main shockwave at some distance away from the aircraft to create a much more defined N-wave shape. This maximizes both the magnitude and the "rise time" of the shock which makes the boom seem louder. On most designs the characteristic distance is about 40,000 feet (12,000 m), meaning that below this altitude the sonic boom will be "softer". However, the drag at this altitude or below makes supersonic travel particularly inefficient, which poses a serious problem.

NanoTechnology

2011-11-25T17:00:00.000-08:00

Imagine a world where microscopic medical implants patrol our arteries, diagnosing ailments and fighting disease; where military battle-suits deflect explosions; where computer chips are no bigger than specks of dust; and where clouds of miniature space probes transmit data from the atmospheres of Mars or Titan.

Many incredible claims have been made about the future's nanotechnological applications, but what exactly does nano mean, and why has controversy plagued this emerging technology?

Nanotechnology is science and engineering at the scale of atoms and molecules. It is the manipulation and use of materials and devices so tiny that nothing can be built any smaller.

How small is small?

Nanomaterials are typically between 0.1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size - with 1 nm being equivalent to one billionth of a metre (10^-9 m).

This is the scale at which the basic functions of the biological world operate - and materials of this size display unusual physical and chemical properties. These profoundly different properties are due to an increase in surface area compared to volume as particles get smaller - and also the grip of weird quantum effects at the atomic scale.

If 1 nanometre was roughly the width of a pinhead, then 1 metre on this scale would stretch the entire distance from Washington, DC to Atlanta - around 1000 kilometres. But a pinhead is actually one million nanometres wide. Most atoms are 0.1 to 0.2 nm wide, strands of DNA around 2 nm wide, red blood cells are around 7000 nm in diameter, while human hairs are typically 80,000 nm across.

Unwittingly, people have made use of some unusual properties of materials at the nanoscale for centuries. Tiny particles of gold for example, can appear red or green - a property that has been used to colour stained glass windows for over 1000 years.

Nanotechnology is found elsewhere today in products ranging from nanometre-thick films on "self-cleaning" windows to pigments in sunscreens and lipsticks.

Nano is born

The idea of nanotechnology was born in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman gave a lecture exploring the idea of building things at the atomic and molecular scale. He imagined the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica written on the head of a pin.

However, experimental nanotechnology did not come into its own until 1981, when IBM scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, built the first scanning tunnelling microscope (STM). This allows us to see single atoms by scanning a tiny probe over the surface of a silicon crystal. In 1990, IBM scientists discovered how to use an STM to move single xenon atoms around on a nickel surface - in an iconic experiment, with an inspired eye for marketing, they moved 35 atoms to spell out "IBM".

Further techniques have since been developed to capture images at the atomic scale, these include the atomic force microscope (AFM), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the even a kind of modified light microscope.

Other significant advances were made in 1985, when chemists discovered how to create a soccer-ball-shaped molecule of 60 carbon atoms, which they called buckminsterfullerene (also known as C₆₀ or buckyballs). And in 1991, tiny, super-strong rolls of carbon atoms known as carbon nanotubes were created. These are six times lighter, yet 100 times stronger than steel.

Both materials have important applications as nanoscale building blocks. Nanotubes have been made into fibres, long threads and fabrics, and used to create tough plastics, computer chips, toxic gas detectors, and numerous other novel materials. The far future might even see the unique properties of nanotubes harnessed to build a space elevator.

More recently, scientists working on the nanoscale have created a multitude of other nanoscale components and devices, including:

Tiny transistors, superconducting quantum dots, nanodiodes, nanosensors,molecular pistons, supercapacitors, "biomolecular" motors, chemical motors,a nano train set, nanoscale elevators, a DNA nanowalking robot,nanothermometers, nano containers, the beginnings of a miniature chemistry set, nano-Velcro, nanotweezers, nano weighing scales, a nano abacus, a nano guitar, a nanoscale fountain pen, and even a nanosized soldering iron.

Engineering wonder

Engineering at the nanoscale is no simple feat, and scientists are having to come up with completely different solutions to build from the "bottom-up" rather than using traditional "top-down" manufacturing techniques.

Some nanomaterials, such as nanowires and other simple devices have been shown to assemble themselves given the right conditions, and other experiments at larger scales are striving to demonstrate the principles of self-assembly. Microelectronic devices might be persuaded to grow from the ground-up, rather like trees.

Researchers are also finding ways to put proteins, DNA, viruses and bacteria and other micro-organisms to work in building nanomaterials, and also taking other inspiration from the natural world.

Some problems have arisen due to a lack of consistency in measuring distances at the nanoscale, but an atomic lattice nanoruler could improve accuracy.

Great potential

In the short term, the greatest advances through nanotechnology will come in the form of novel medical devices and processes, new catalysts for industry and smaller components for computers.

In medicine, we are already seeing research on: New ways to deliver drugs with contact lenses; the directing of drugs to tumours with tiny "smart bombs"; gold "nano-bullets" that seek-and-destroy tumours; starving cancer with nanoparticles; diagnosing diseases such as Alzheimer's, monitoring health and fighting sickness with tiny probes; and growing new organs from scratch.

And biochemists are hoping to deploy viruses as "nanocameras" to get a clearer picture of what is going on inside cells.

In computing nanoscience may lead to smaller or more powerful microchips with increased capacity and dramatic reductions in the size of hard discs. Some experiments have even shown that it might be possible to manufacture tiny parts for computers inside bacteria. Quantum computing and quantum cryptography also rely on advances in nanotechnology. In fact, existing computer chips are already manufactured taking advantage of techniques at the nanoscale.

In environmental science nanotechnology is providing ways to detect and filter bacteria and toxins out of water supplies and clear up heavy metal andorganic chemical pollution.

Nanoscience has already benefited the environment with the development of the catalytic converter - which detoxifies engine fumes the world over. Further innovations are leading to smaller, more efficient batteries, advanced solar power and fuel cells and catalytic diesel additives that improve fuel efficiency.

In addition, new and powerful light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may soon replace conventional light bulbs, offering huge energy savings. LEDs are built with semiconductors, increasingly developed at the nanoscale.

In military technology governments are splashing cash on developing new, lightweight equipment and weapons, bullet-proof battle-suits that can morph to provide camouflage or even stiffen to provide splints for broken limbs, and nanosensors that might detect chemical or biological perils.

Nanoparticles are currently in use in 120 millimetre tank rounds and may soon be used in other types of munitions - their larger surface area to volume ratio makes them especially reactive.

Ad Sense :- Stop Misuse Of Your AdSense Code Immediately!

2011-11-24T20:14:00.000-08:00

For the last few months several AdSense Accounts were banned. Some of them were those who were ignorant of the malicious use of there Google Ads code by others. Newbie bloggers who are new to content generation and distribution field often display dummy ads on their blogs to put a better impression on their visitors.

Sometimes they even run your AdSense Ads on their sites without letting you know. This is what happened with us. While distributing free download copies of MONOP Template I forgot to remove the snippet of my AdSense code from it. As a result our AdSense Ads shown up on several test blogs of our readers with me completely ignorant. After one week I realized that I forgot to remove the code from the template and immediately took action and informed readers about the newupdated monop copy. Unfortunately it was too late because the ads were running on several BlogSpot blogs, which were publishing duplicate content.

We recently received an email from Google AdSense team where we were notified thatAdSense Ads have been disabled on one of our site that was running a content which is in complete violation of Copyright laws and their Terms of Service. This is what the letter said:

Google AdSense ad serving has been disabled to your site

This message was sent from a notification-only email address that does not accept incoming email. Please do not reply to this message. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hello, During a recent review of your account we found that you are currently displaying Google ads in a manner that is not compliant with our program policies (https://www.google.com/support/adsense/bin/answer.py?answer=48182&stc=aspe-1pp-en). -------------------------------------------------- EXAMPLE PAGE: http://latest-movies-tube.blogspot.com/2011/09/buddha-hoga-tera-baab-2011-watch-online.html Please note that this URL is an example and that the same violations may exist on other pages of this website or other sites in your network.VIOLATION(S) FOUND: COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL: As stated in our program policies, AdSense publishers are not permitted to place Google ads on sites involved in the distribution of copyrighted materials. This includes hosting copyrighted files on your site, as well as providing links for or driving traffic to sites that contain copyrighted material. More information about this policy can be found in our help center ( http://www.google.com/adsense/support/as/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=105956 ). ACTION TAKEN: We have disabled ad serving to your site. ACCOUNT STATUS: ACTIVE Your AdSense account remains active. However, please note that our team reserves the right to disable your account at any time. As such, we encourage you to become familiar with our program policies and monitor your network accordingly. Issue ID# 5979081 -------------------------------------------------- Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely, The Google AdSense Team ---------------- For more information regarding this email, please visit our Help Center:https://www.google.com/adsense/support/bin/answer.py?answer=113058&stc=aspe-ai4-en.

You can clearly see that a BlogSpot blog was running our AdSense Ads without our permission and neither were we aware of it. The result was such that Ad serving was blocked to that blog and luckily our Account still stood active and we had enough time to react and inform AdSense Team that the URL mentioned in the Notification is in no way linked to us and we don't own the domain mentioned. I also asked them how to prevent people from misusing our AdSense code to which they gave a pretty precise, useful yet satisfying reply:

Hello,
I understand that you recently received a notification that a site or URL
displaying your ad code was in violation of our program policies. If that
site or URL is not in the Allowed Sites List within your account, no
further action is needed and this issue won't negatively affect your
account in any way.
To add a site or URL to the list of sites that can display your ad code,
just follow the instructions in our Help Center at (
http://www.google.com/adsense/support/as/bin/answer.py?answer=65062 ).
It usually takes about 4 hours for any updates to take effect. However,
under certain circumstances, it may take up to 48 hours for your changes
to take effect.
Sincerely,
The Google AdSense Team

So here goes the tutorial for today where we learn how to restrict and authorize your AdSense Ad Code to specific sites and stop malicious use of your Ad code by others.

Choose Who can Display Your AdSense Ads

Log into your Adsense account.
Go to Home > Account settings
Click Edit in the "Access & authorization" section, next to "Sites authorized to show ads,"
Check the box marked Only allow certain sites to display ads for my account.
Enter the URL of the sites that you want to authorize,
Once your have mentioned all your partner sites then simply hit Save and you are all done!

Any doubts..u can follow and mail me

Facebook scam threatens to delete your account

2011-11-24T19:28:00.000-08:00

A new Facebook phishing scheme is about as nasty as they come: The perpetrators threaten to delete users' Facebook accounts unless they hand over various account details within 24 hours. While some of you might welcome such a deletion, most of us would not. Sophos Security is warning about the scheme, which was shared on Hoax-Slayer.

Facebook users may get emails that purport to be from Facebook, saying that the user is violating the social network's policy regulations by annoying or insulting other Facebook users. And, the email says, unless certain personal and financial information (including credit card numbers) is submitted within 24 hours, the user's account will be done away with.

"The emails are entirely bogus," says Lisa Vaas on Sophos' Naked Security blog. "The scams are, in fact, designed to steal credit card numbers and social media accounts, likely in order to further spread scams and bilk victims."

As pointed out by Hoax-Slayer, scammers can use the ill-gotten information to hijack a user’s Facebook account. Then, posing as the account holder, the criminals can send out more scam messages and spam to a victim’s Facebook friends, bolstered by the trust users place in their friends.
Once a criminal has gained access to a victim’s account, they will likely lock out the original account holder by changing account passwords and email addresses. With the credit card information, fraudsters can conduct identity theft and other malicious financial activity.

Hoax-Slayer warns users not to click on any links in the email itself. "Those who fall for the ruse and click the link will be first taken to a fake Facebook 'Account Disabled' web form that asks them to provide Facebook login details and part of their credit card number." Here's an example of the fake form:

"Once the victim has completed this bogus form, he or she is then taken to a second fake form that asks for webmail login details," Hoax-Slayer notes. Then, once that info is provided, the user "is taken to a third bogus form that asks for a username and — again — the first 6 digits of the user's credit card number."

As Facebook itself says on its security page:

Spammers and scammers sometimes send phony emails that have been made to look like they’re from Facebook or another reputable website. These emails can be very convincing, and the "From:" field can even be spoofed to include "Facebook” or “The Facebook Team.”
If an email looks strange, don’t click on any of the links in it, and delete it from your inbox immediately. Be especially wary of emails that ask you to update your account, tell you to open an attachment, or warn you to take some other urgent action.

"All these phishing scams boil down to a naked grab for your account details," wrote Vaas. "Remember, neither Facebook nor other reputable social media sites would ask for this information. The mere request is a surefire way to suss out bogosity."

San Francisco's huge new quake-proof bridge

2011-11-24T19:00:00.000-08:00

The new bridge across San Francisco bay, the largest of its kind ever built, must be able to sway to withstand a big earthquake – and one is expected soon

AS I drive out onto San Francisco bay's new bridge, an empty five-lane freeway curves towards me. In the distance I catch sight of the structure's architectural signature: a single suspension tower, 160 metres high. When finished, cables will arc down from the tower's perch and hold the roadway aloft. At almost 400 metres long it will be the largest self-anchored suspension bridge ever built - a beautiful structure worthy of comparison to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge.

Ahead of us a crane as large as a skyscraper lowers a 1000-tonne slab of road and prepares to fit it into the final slot. The segment will complete the bridge's freeway, which by late 2013 will carry 280,000 cars across the bay every day.

This moment is a key one in an extraordinary $6-billion engineering challenge. But, like others before it, the occasion has an air of caution. To one side, traffic streams towards Oakland across the existing Bay Bridge. And a major earthquake of magnitude 6.7 or greater, expected to hit the area within the next 30 years, would likely topple sections of the old bridge. It is a race against the forces of nature, and everyone involved in the project hopes that the new bridge will be completed before the "big one" hits. "The only milestone that matters is when we can move traffic from that bridge to this one," says Steve Heminger, executive director of the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the region's transport planning body. "Recent seismic activity reminds us of that," he adds, referring to a low-magnitude quake that shook houses on both sides of the bay just a week before.

The final segment is one of 28 that will be supported by the single suspension tower and an unusual cabling system. In a regular suspension bridge, the cables that support the roadway are hung between two or more towers, like a hammock between trees, and anchored at each end by a connection to land. The new bridge is more like a sling. A single cable loops under the roadway, over the tower and beneath the roadway on the other side of the tower (see diagram). The enormous forces placed on the cable by the road cancel out, leaving a structure that is balanced but not directly supported by a land anchor.

Despite the urgency, a project of this size can't be rushed. On our way out from Oakland we drove over the 2-kilometre "skyway" section of the bridge, 452 concrete segments that sit atop towers which have foundations drilled into the bay's bedrock. Even this relatively conventional design has given the engineers headaches. The skyway and the suspension part of the bridge may move apart by more than a metre during a quake. But the bridge is a designated "lifeline" structure, meaning that it must remain open to emergency vehicles after a quake.

A machine that simulates a large truck is used to conduct stress tests on the rubber joints between the bridge segements. "The rubber will inevitably fail but observing the process will help us design a schedule for monitoring and replacing the joints," says engineer Mike Whiteside.

As the segment fell into place it revealed the full length of tower that stands behind it, an elegant structure made up of four concrete pillars. These drop into enormous steel foundations, parts of which were built in Texas and shipped to California via the Panama canal. The pillars are connected by "shear beams" - relatively weak steel components that are designed to break if the towers move. The two roadways, one each for east and westbound traffic, hang from the cables but are not attached directly to the tower. This arrangement means that the four pillars and two roadways will sway when a quake hits, but remain intact even through the strongest shaking that geologists expect the region to experience over the next 1500 years.

That swaying will be picked up by motion detection sensors, which send information about the bridge's movements via radio. The data will be relayed to a control centre in Sacramento, the Californian state capital that lies 2 hours' drive inland from the bay. Officials there will study the acceleration that different parts of the bridge experience and plan repairs accordingly.

The existing Bay Bridge would not fare so well. As we turned around and headed back, the photographer drew my attention to a small section of the bridge that collapsed on 17 October 1989, killing a motorist, when the San Andreas fault triggered a 6.9-magnitude quake. The new bridge will take two years to complete. Hopefully the next big quake won't come sooner.

Mirror Physics

2011-11-24T18:32:00.000-08:00

In order to understand mirrors, we first must understand light. The law of reflection says that when a ray of light hits a surface, it bounces in a certain way, like a tennis ball thrown against a wall. The incoming angle, called the angle of incidence, is always equal to the angle leaving the surface, or the angle of reflection. When light hits a surface at a low angle -- like on a lake at sunset -- it bounces off at the same low angle and hits your eyes full blast, rather than obliquely as when the sun sits overhead. This is why the sun's glare during the evening and morning is so much more intense than during the rest of the day.

Light itself is invisible until it bounces off something and hits our eyes. For instance, a beam of light traveling through space can't be seen from the side until it runs into something that scatters it, like a cloud of hydrogen or a satellite. This scattering is known as diffuse reflection and this is how our eyes interpret what happens when light hits an uneven surface. The law of

reflection still applies, but instead of hitting one smooth surface, light is hitting many microscopic surfaces. It's more like throwing a handful of marbles against a statue and then guessing the statue's shape based on how the marbles bounce.

Mirrors, however, don't scatter light in this way. With a smooth surface, light reflects without disturbing the incoming image. This is called specular reflection. That concept raises an interesting question: If mirrors preserve the images that hit them, why do they turn left into right and vice versa? Why not up and down? The truth is that a mirror doesn't really reverse left and right. What mirrors switch is front and back, like a printing press or a rubber stamp. Imagine writing something on a sheet of paper in dark pen and then holding it up to a mirror. It looks backward, but it also looks the same as if you held it up to a lamp and looked at it from behind. Your mirror image is a light-print of you, not a reflection of you from the mirror's perspective.

Mirrors can be more than just flat surfaces.

Types of Mirrors

One quick way to change the way a mirror works is to curve it. Curved mirrors come in two basic flavors: convex and concave. A convex mirror, which bulges outward, reflects at a wider angle near its edges than at its center, creating a slightly distorted image that's smaller than actual size. Convex mirrors have many uses. The smaller size of the images means that you can see more with these surfaces, hence their use in safety mirrors. (This is why your passenger side mirror says that objects are closer than they appear.) Some department stores have reportedly placed convex mirrors in their dressing rooms. Why? Slight bends at the top and bottom make you look taller and thinner.

Concave or converging mirrors curve inward like a spoon (the side that holds soup). This gives these mirrors the ability to create an image when their curvature bounces light to a specific area in front of them. This area is called the focal point. From far away, objects will seem upside down, but as you get closer and pass the focal point, the image flips and magnifies. Concave mirrors are used in everything from shaving mirrors to lighting the Olympic torch.

Now that you know the basic mirror types, let's learn about other, more unusual types of mirrors. Here's a short list:

Non-reversing mirrors: Patents for non-reversing mirrors go back as far as 1887, when John Derby created one by placing two mirrors perpendicular to each other [source: O'Mara].
Acoustic mirrors: Acoustic mirrors are huge concrete dishes built to reflect and distribute sound instead of light. The English military used them before the invention of radar as an early warning system against air attacks.
Two-way mirrors: These mirrors are made by coating one side of a sheet of glass with a very thin, very lightly reflective material. When the coated side faces a lighted room, some of the light reflects and some goes into a dark room behind the mirror, making it possible to see into the lighted room but not out. (If you've ever watched an interrogation scene on a police show, you've seen one of these mirrors.) Glass is also a mildly reflective material -- this is the same reason that seeing outside at night is difficult if you turn on the lights in your house.

Useful Facebook Keyboard Shortcuts

2011-11-23T19:23:00.000-08:00

Facebook has its own keyboard shortcuts which will help you to easily access the
main sections of your facebook account like home, recent messages, profile e.t.c.
you may use these shortcuts from your window desktop keyboards
its work by default

The operation varies depending on the web-browser you're using, like if you are using Mozilla Firefox then you should also press shift button while in Internet Explorer
you have to press Enter after using these following shortcuts

ALT + 0 – Loads the Help Center
ALT + 1 – Take your Homepage Facebook
ALT + 2 – Show your FB Profile
ALT + 3 – Recent Friendship Requests
ALT + 4 – Display the list of Recent Messages
ALT + 5 – Displays the Latest Notifications
ALT + 6 – Open Your Account Settings
ALT + 7 – Enter text in Search Box
ALT + 8 – Show Facebook Official Fan Page
ALT + 9 – Lead the Declaration of Rights and Responsibilities of the web

Example of 'How to use"

In Internet Explorer : Alt+2 then press Enter for facebook profile
In Google Chrome : Only Alt+2 for facebook profile
In Mozilla Firefox : Shift + Alt + 2 for Facebook Profile

Using the keyboard for navigation not end there, you may use the cursor left andright to navigate through the images when viewing a photo albums. its much more better and Convenient than using mouse.

The Journey Of Curiosity- NASA's New Mars Rover

2011-11-22T18:46:00.000-08:00

ｻ∆ЯЯㄚ

Planetary scientists sometimes joke that we know more about Mars than we do about the moon. NASA first landed a spacecraft on the surface of the fourth planet during the U.S. Bicentennial, five years before the first space shuttle ever lifted off. And we’ve learned plenty in the intervening 35 years: Viking 1 and 2 analyzed Mars rocks, Spirit and Opportunity found evidence of ancient water, and Phoenix saw the Martian snow. Yet the biggest question — whether Mars could ever be home to life — still eludes us.

NASA’s newest rover, Curiosity, sets off this week in search of answers. It’s the most complex interplanetary explorer ever, earning a PopSci 2011 Best of What's New award. If everything goes to plan — from Saturday’s thundering Atlas V launch to the rover’s self-piloted atmospheric entry and hovercraft airdrop — it just might become the type of once-in-a-generation explorer that raises even more questions than it answers.

The Mars Science Laboratory mission is much more than the wheeled, sedan-sized, beefy-armed rover Curiosity. Its hovercraft sky crane and guided landing system is a major feat in itself, enabling NASA to land the rover with the utmost precision. With 11 tools designed for zapping, baking and X-raying rocks, it is the most advanced robotic geologist ever built. It will look for the chemical ingredients for life — oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and/or hydrogen — the first Mars rover capable of doing so.

“We will be able to do chemistry better than any other spacecraft. We will know, element by element, what is there, and we’ll see chemical isotopes as well,” said Ashwin Vasavada, MSL deputy project scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where the rover was built. “We will not only know what elements are there, but what minerals they formed into, and that tells you the exact temperature, the amount of water around, and the environmental conditions in which those minerals formed.”

When MSL was being planned, shortly after Spirit and Opportunity started driving around, NASA engineers said they wanted two things: A much more precise landing, the better to pinpoint rocks to study, and a rover that could drill into those rocks and sample their insides. The guided landing will place Curiosity within a 12-mile by 15-mile ellipse — it may sound pretty imprecise compared to Earth-based airdrop tech, but remember that this is 45 million miles away on another planet. (Spirit and Opportunity landed in a 90-mile ellipse.)

But that's just the beginning. Here’s a peek at some of the key new technologies that will enable MSL’s journey of discovery.

A GUIDED DESCENT AND HOVERCRAFT AIRDROP

Barring any problems, Saturday’s launch from Cape Canaveral will set Curiosity on a course for Mars arrival in August of next year. When it approaches the Red Planet, its aeroshell, shaped like a chicken pot pie, will shed its hydrazine-powered cruise stage and tip its heat shield toward the planet. Thrusters on the backshell will correct the bulky 15-foot-diameter saucer and guide its descent, aiming it precisely for a flat surface in Gale Crater.

For five nanoseconds, Curiosity's laser directs the energy of a million light bulbs onto a spot of rock the size of a pinhead.When atmospheric friction has slowed it sufficiently, a 165-foot-long, 51-foot-diameter parachute will unfurl — the largest one ever on another planet, designed to withstand Mach 2.2 speeds — and the heat shield will jettison, enabling a radar system to start tracking surface distance. At this point, Curiosity is pointed wheels-down toward the surface of Mars. And there are no airbags.

“It is too big and heavy to put in airbags, and the engineers here realized that if you’re not using airbags, the other alternative is to land it on some kind of platform,” Vasavada said. “But when you’re building this very sturdy rover with its own wheels and suspension, it can take the load of landing on Mars on its own wheels. That turned out to be the best way to land it.”

Down plummets Curiosity, wheels first, and the chute is jettisoned once the rover is a few hundred feet off the ground. Then eight retro-rockets on the hovercraft fire, further slowing the spacecraft’s descent. Three tethers and a communications umbilical cord unfurl, and slowly set the rover on the ground. Once the lines go slack, the rover cuts them off and the hovercraft flies away to crash in a safe place. This will all be captured in 5 frames-per-second high-definition video.

And it all happens autonomously, by the way. The speed of light delay between Earth and Mars makes it impossible to control the rover in real time, so if an unexpected gust or Martian dust devil comes along, the rover will have to handle that by itself.

The guided landing will be a boon for geologists, Vasavada said.

“It meant we could get much closer in, and snuggle up the landing next to features that would be too dangerous to land on, which always turn out to be the more interesting geologic things. Most of the things we want to study on Mars are not flat, boring things,” he said.

Once Curiosity checks out healthy, it will snap several 3-D HD panoramic photos of its surroundings, and pinpoint some interesting things to look at. When scientists on Earth have some targets, the ChemCam instrument will get to work.

CHEMCAM: A LASER TO ZAP MARS ROCKS

MSL’s science missions will unfold with the regimented precision of any good working laboratory. In careful sequence, 11 instruments will peer at a Mars rock, zap holes into it, drill the holes, collect the drill dust, sift and sieve it, bake it and X-ray it, characterizing everything there is to know about that rock and its history. The bulk of the work begins with ChemCam, MSL’s laser and camera.

From a distance of nearly 25 feet, the laser zaps material from the surface of a rock, dusting it off and ablating weatherized surfaces, creating a plasma that can be analyzed using the instrument’s telescope. For just five nanoseconds, the laser directs the energy of a million light bulbs into the area the size of a pinhead, said Roger Wiens, the instrument’s principal investigator, based at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

“ChemCam is supposed to be a workhorse for the rover in identifying unique samples for the other instruments to spend more time on,” he said. “The ability to reach out and touch the rock from almost 25 feet away is a real advantage.”

One ChemCam sample would entail taking a closeup picture of a rock, then a wide-angle shot, and then firing up to 75 laser pulses. It can analyze one sample every six minutes, using just two watt-hours of power.

Curiosity Science Payload: Mastcam = Mast Camera; ChemCam = Chemistry and Camera instrument; RAD = Radiation Assessment Detector; CheMin = Chemistry and Mineralogy instrument; SAM = Sample Analysis at Mars gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer; DAN = Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons; MAHLI = Mars Hand Lens Imager; APXS = Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer; REMS = Rover Environmental Monitoring Station. MARDI, the Mars Descent Imager, will shoot video of the rover's descent. The brush, drill, sieves and scoop are tools on the rover's robotic arm. NASA/JPL-Caltech.

This hands-free rock ID works by analyzing the spectra of light emitted by the vaporized sample, pinpointing emission lines that are the telltale signature of atomic elements. It covers a wavelength (240 nanometers to 900 nm, for those of you who keep track of these things) that covers the entire periodic table, Wiens said. The laser is designed for 5 million pulses — a lot of rocks to blast, and a lot of element-hunting to do.
Because ChemCam will help the rest of the roving laboratory find its targets, Wiens expects it to be called into action almost every day throughout the rover’s two-year (in Earth years) primary mission. Luckily for ChemCam’s science team, the instrument is a collaboration with the French space agency, so international partners will share half the burden.

After ChemCam’s hands-free analysis, MSL scientists might decide to drive the rover to an interesting rock and start getting dirty.

BAKING MARS PEBBLES AND JIGGLING DIRT IN FRONT OF X-RAYS

Among MSL’s many firsts is its shrunken X-ray machine, a real feat of engineering that has already enabled a suite of new Earth spinoffs. The CheMin instrument, short for “Chemistry and Mineralogy,” brings a standard method of elemental identification to the surface of another world for the first time. X-ray diffraction identifies minerals by examining the diffraction patterns of X-rays that pass through the spaces in between atoms, said David Blake, CheMin’s principal investigator, from NASA’s Ames Research Center.

“If you’re ever driving by a field of trees that are planted regularly, you can look down the rows, and every once in a while you can see a path right through them. There are various patterns in a crystal that are like that, where light goes through, and these are patterns where diffraction occurs,” he said. “All crystalline materials have slightly different diffraction patterns, so diffraction tells you, without any kind of quibbling, what is the exact material you are looking at.”

To take this type of measurement, you would spread out sifted rock samples and ideally bounce them around, sending them flying past the X-ray source. But moving parts are generally a nonstarter on a spacecraft. To get around this, Blake and his team had to design a piezoelectric device that jiggles the sand grains. The design is partly inspired on a bunch of small buzzers Blake and colleagues bought from Radio Shack several years ago. When CheMin is in operation, it moves at a frequency rate roughly that of a double-high C note — it'll sound like a soprano singer.

Blake has been working on a miniaturized X-ray diffraction machine for more than 20 years, he said. It's the best way to identify a mineral, which is the best way to learn the environment in which a rock formed, and if there were any constituents that might have been handy for prebiotic compounds or even life, Blake said.

MSL’s other instruments will all be looking for this, too.

Alongside the CheMin array, the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument will heat up the drilled sample and gassify its contents, examining the vapor with a gas chromatograph and two types of spectrometers. As a sample is heated, different materials become volatile and are emitted as gas — like water, to start. The contents of these vapors can be detected to determine a material’s composition. This will be one of the key ways in which MSL will look for signs of life. Finding any such evidence would be paradigm-shattering, to say the least, so MSL is equipped with a self-test kit, Vasavada said. It’s a ceramic sample-blank that contains an engineered organic compound — not life, but a fluorinated organic compound that would not occur in real life on Earth. If there’s ever any controversy about SAM’s organic material analysis, the sample blank will help verify its analytical integrity.

If all this sounds repetitive, that’s because it is — and that’s part of the point, according to Vasavada.

“There are several different ways of looking at a rock, and no single technique is unambiguous,” he said. “When we have confirmation two or three ways that a rock has that mineral in there, or that element, then we can piece that story together, by integrating the results from all these different instruments.”

MSL's primary goal is a one-Mars-year, two-Earth-year primary investigative mission, but this could be extended and likely will, should Curiosity fare as well as its forebears. The Spirit and Opportunity rovers, designed to perform for three months, outlasted their warranty by nearly eight years (and counting, for Opportunity). Engineers hope Curiosity will roll across the Red Planet for a decade.

“This isn’t a mission where you land, get as much information as you can, and everything else is gravy,” Vasavada said. “This is a mission that is planned to unfold over the course of a couple of years.”

So Curiosity will have plenty of time to answer deep questions — and potentially open brand-new profound ones too

URL

2011-11-22T17:50:00.000-08:00

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. Address of resource or file on the internets is called Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Uniform Resource Locator consists of protocol of the resource, domain name for the resource and address of the file. Uniform Resource Locator is the combination of this Starting point URL's. Starting point URL connects the browsers to the resources and has four types. Static URL, Dynamic URL, Directory URL, Formula URL.

URL that connects the destination without generating programming Scripts is called Static URLs. The URL that uses the programming script to connect to the destination is called dynamic URL. Directory URL has no file name that points the default file of the directory. The URL that may be static or dynamic and required the structure to specify the format and that structure must be used to connect to a destination.
There are different types of URLs; http/https( Hypertext Transfer Protocol. ), file/ftp (Local files and FTP archives), info (Emacs `Info' pages), mailto (Sending email )....here is the video which gives basic idea

BEARINGLESS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

2011-11-22T01:04:00.000-08:00

BEARINGLESS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

The Morrison rotor, named after its inventor, is a hybrid rotor for use in a switched-reluctance electric motor. The motor is characterized as bearingless in the sense that it does not rely on conventional mechanical bearings: instead, it functions as both a magnetic bearing and a motor. Bearingless switched-reluctance motors are attractive for use in situations in which large variations in temperatures and/or other extreme conditions preclude the use of conventional electric motors and mechanical bearings.

In the Morrison motor, as in prior bearingless switched-reluctance motors, a multipole rotor is simultaneously levitated and rotated. In the prior motors, simultaneous levitation and rotation are achieved by means of two kinds of stator windings: (1) main motor windings and (2) windings that exert levitating forces on a multipole rotor.

The multipole geometry is suboptimum for levitation because it presents a discontinuous surface to the stator pole faces, thereby degrading the vibration suppression capability of the magnetic bearing.

The Morrison rotor simplifies the stator design in that it contains only one type of winding. The rotor is a hybrid that includes both (1) a circular lamination stack for levitation and (2) a multipole lamination stack for rotation. Simultaneous levitation and rotation at 6000 rpm were achieved with a prototype that included six rotor poles and eight stator poles (see the following photographs). During normal operation, two of the four pairs of opposing stator poles (each pair at right angles to the other pair) levitate the rotor. The remaining two pairs of stator poles exert torque on the six-pole rotor lamination stack to produce rotation.

Samsung lights up new line of LED bulbs

2011-11-22T01:02:00.000-08:00

Samsung lights up new line of LED bulbs

Will you be buying a handful of LED bulbs with your next TV?

Samsung today announced the availability and pricing of a line of seven consumer LED bulbs, some of which have the conventional screw-in bottom. There are spotlights for recessed lighting cans or track lighting, but there is also a bulb-shaped A19 bulb, a "snowcone" style bulb that gives off light in one direction.

"A light bulb is no longer just a light bulb. It's a digital technology made up of LED chips, drivers, and electronics--familiar turf for Samsung," Kevin Dexter, Samsung's senior vice president of home appliances, said in a statement.

Prices start at just under $20 and go up to almost $60 for a bright halogen replacement spot light. Like all LED lights, they are designed to have a life of 30,000 or 40,000 hours, which can be in the range of 20 years depending on usage. Their power consumption is about one-quarter that of incandescent or halogen lights, according to Samsung.

Samsung isn't the only electronics manufacturer getting into LED lighting. Toshiba and Panasonic already make LED lights and Vizio CEO Ken Howe said earlier this year that the company is developing its own line of LED lights at a "Vizio price."

Because they are electronics, LED lighting can be packaged in different ways, such as specialty fixtures that don't have a screw-in connector. But they can also be equipped with networking chips to connect them into a home energy management system LED lighting company Lighting Science Group earlier this year demonstrated a networked LED that uses Google's Android at Home software, which lets people manage lighting from an Internet connected device, such as a smartphone

Apple iCloud Features

2011-11-22T01:01:00.000-08:00

Apple iCloud Features

iCloud is the most recent unveiled service by Apple, i am sure that yoi have huge list of features in mind for its new service. As far as i know there is a huge list of feature but here i will list only some unique and important features of apple icloud service.

What is iCloud?

Its a wireless data sync services which is based on cloud servers concept but very much different from it. “Generally cloud is word for disk space in air but it will stands for more in icloud” According to Mr Steve from Apple.

Features:

(1) Its totally Free of Cost.

(2) Sync your contacts, e-mails e.t.c between your personal devices.

(3) If you want to add new contacts in your device then you need to update it on icloud, it will be added on all synchronized devices with 1- click.

(4) Synchronization is very easy, faster and newbie friendly

(5) Backup your important data on iCloud and upload it on your new device within a minutes

(6) 5GB of storage is free on iCloud

(7) Buy musics for one time and put it on icloud, Synchronize with all your synchronized devices.

(8) And many more Features..

Sync your all Pictures, Text documents, tunes across your all devices using iCloud is very faster, easy and smarter way. In short words we can say that Apple’s icloud is next generation synchronization facility which enables more flexibility and more power for your favorite device.

Remember that Apple’s iCloud data sync service is only for iOS devices means it will be only supported to devices from Apple, Not in Others !

Strongest artificially generated tornado

2011-11-22T00:59:00.000-08:00

Strongest artificially generated tornado

The Mercedes-Benz Museum is now officially home to the "strongest artificially generated tornado in the world". The attempted record was confirmed in the presence of Guinness Book of Records representative Olaf Kuchenbecker. The 34.4-metre-high artificial tornado serves to eliminate smoke from the museum in the event of a fire. "We are delighted that the Mercedes-Benz Museum is now also featured in the Guinness Book of Records," said Michael Bock, manager of Mercedes-Benz Museum GmbH. "By successfully achieving the world record as 'strongest artificially generated tornado in the world', the Mercedes-Benz Museum has once again underlined its outstanding position in the world of museums also in terms of architecture."

The architecture of the Mercedes-Benz Museum placed particular demands on construction planners, architects and engineers with regard to smoke elimination. The provisions of the approving authority and fire protection regulations require all areas outside the fire level to be smoke-free in the event of smoke emission. However, due to the open-plan structure of the Mercedes-Benz Museum, the various exhibition areas are connected to each other without any fire zones via an interior courtyard and ramps. From the perspective of smoke elimination this presented a challenging task that could not be implemented through conventional fluid mechanics.

It was necessary to take a new approach, and so a globally unique smoke elimination system was developed especially for the Mercedes-Benz Museum. In the event of fire, 144 outlets located along the core walls inject air into the interior courtyard of the Mercedes-Benz Museum. This generates an artificial tornado, and the smoke collected is then discharged into the outside air via a smoke elimination ventilator located in the upper part of the

building..This procedure uses the principle of the tornado force, which has a devastating effect under natural conditions, to create a controlled life-saving form of fluid mechanics that opens up new architectural possibilities.

The Mercedes-Benz Museum with its unique smoke elimination system was selected from among some 800 applications that are submitted each week to the Guinness Book of Records. With 110 million copies in circulation, the Guinness Book of Records has been one of the world's most successful reference works since the 1950s, and is now distributed in 20 languages and 100 countries. Since 2006, the German version of the Guinness Book of Records has been published by Bibliographisches Institut & F.A. Brockhaus AG.

Fastest Rubik's Cube Robot

2011-11-21T23:41:00.000-08:00

rubik's 3x3 cube

VICTORIA, Australia -- STUDENTS at Swinburne University of Technology have developed a robot named Ruby' which can solve the Rubik's Cube in just over 10 seconds - setting the new world record for the Fastest robot to solve a Rubik's cube.

Electronic Pills - Collecting Data Inside The Body

2011-11-21T18:54:00.000-08:00

Electronic Pills - Collecting Data Inside The Body

After years of investment and development, wireless devices contained in swallowable capsules are now reaching the market.
Companies such as Smart-pill based in Buffalo, New York and Israel-based Given Imaging (PillCam) market capsules the size of vitamin tablets that contain sensors or tiny cameras that collect information as they travel through the gastrointestinal tract before being excreted from the body a day or two later.
These new electronic inventions transmit information such as acidity, pressure and temperature levels or images of the esophagus and intestine to your doctor's computer for analysis.
Doctors often use invasive methods such as catheters, endoscopic instruments or radioisotopes for collecting information about the digestive tract. So device companies have been developing easier, less intrusive ways, to gather information.
Digestive diseases and disorders can include symptoms such as acid reflux, bloating, heartburn, abdominal pain, constipation, difficulty swallowing or loss of appetite.
"One of the main challenges is determining just what is happening in the stomach and intestines." says Dr. Anish A. Sheth, Director of the Gastrointestinal Motility Program at Yale-New Haven Hospital.
Doctors can inspect the colon and peer into the stomach using endoscopic instruments. But some areas cannot be easily viewed, and finding out how muscles are working can be difficult.
Electronic pills are being used to measure muscle contraction, ease of passage and other factors to reveal information unavailable in the past.

instant prints -

Creating instant prints from a digital camera is one of the new electronic inventions in printing. The Polaroid PoGo™ is a small portable printer that weighs only a few ounces.

The printer produces full color 2" x 3" prints using an "inkless" technology. The images are created from heat activated crystals in the photo paper. The photos are water proof, tear proof and smear proof.
This new electronic invention connects to a digital camera using a USB cable, or to a mobile phone through wireless Bluetooth. It uses rechargeable batteries or an AC adapter.

Fact

2011-11-21T00:46:00.000-08:00

Electricity travels at the speed of light more than 186,000 miles per second!

If you had a light bulb on the moon connected to a switch in your bedroom, it would take only 1.26 seconds for that bulb to light up, 238,857 miles away.

If you traveled as fast as electricity, (about 300,000 kilometers = 186,411.358 miles per second the speed of light), you could go around the world 8 times in the time it takes to turn on a light switch.

A spark of static electricity can measure up to three thousand (3,000) volts.

A bolt of lightning can measure up to three million (3,000,000) volts and it lasts less than one second!

Thomas Edison didn't invent the first light bulb but he did invent one that stayed lit for more than a few seconds. Thomas Edison invented more than 2,000 new products, including almost everything needed for us to use electricity in our homes: switches, fuses, sockets and meters.

Ben Franklin didn't discover electricity but he did prove that lightning is a form of electrical energy.

According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, electricity consumption will increase by 51 percent from 2002 to 2025.

The first power plant owned by Thomas Edison opened in New York City in 1882.

The first central power plant ? Pearl Street Station in lower Manhattan, built by Thomas Edison began generating electricity on September 4, 1882. Pearl Street had one generator and it produced power for 800 electric light bulbs. Within 14 months, Pearl Street Station had 508 subscribers and 12,732 bulbs. Since the first power plant lit up 800 light bulbs in 1882, the electric utility industry has grown to generate over 2.5 million gigawatt-hours annually, the equivalent of lighting 4.8 billion 60-watt light bulbs for a year.

The size of a typical American home has increased from 1100 to 1800 square feet over the past ten years.

AMAZING ELECTRONIC FACT: If you scuffed your feet long enough without touching anything, you would build up so many electrons that your finger would explode! But this is nothing to worry about, unless you have carpeting.

The electrons travel through your bloodstream and collect in your finger, where they form a spark that leaps to your friend's filling, then travels down to his feet and back into the carpet, thus completing the circuit.

In the past decade scientists developed the laser, an electronic appliance that emits a beam of light so powerful that it can vaporize a bulldozer 2,000 yards away, yet so precise that doctors can use it to perform delicate operations on the human eyeball, provided they remember to change the power setting from "VAPORIZE BULLDOZER" to "DELICATE."

Sony Revealed two iPad challengers 'S1′ and 'S2'

2011-11-20T19:33:00.000-08:00

Sony is planning for a tablet computer with touch screen similar to Apple's iPad.
which is coming with the two codenamed S1 and S2, as shown in Tokyo, it comes with 9.44 inch display for enjoying movie, video games, electronic books and online contents including social networking and email.

Releasing date and price is not confirmed yet. however its seems like the tablets will not come for worldwide sale until September, as
Senior vice president Kunimasa Suzuki said.

Both tablets will come with android 3.0, with WiFi and WAN(3G/4G) and Honeycomb operating system.
S1 tablet will come with a 9.4 inch display (1280x800 resolution) where S2 is a smaller to a mobile device with two 5.5 inch display with 1024×480 resolution, which can also be folded like a book. so we can make
it portable.

The devices can connect to Sony's cloud-computing based library of content like movies and music, as well as Sony PlayStation games are adapted for running on android and digital books can read from Sony's reader store, as company said.