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Difference Between Internet and Intranet

2015-01-10T18:48:00.002+05:30

Internet and Intranet

Internet & Intranet

The terms Internet and Intranet are most widely used terms. Many people think both are similar, but there are lots of differences between them.

Internet

1. Internet is wide network of computers and is open for all.
2. Internet itself contains a large number of intranets.
3. The number of users who use internet is Unlimited.
4. The Visitors traffic is unlimited.
5. Internet contains different source of information and is available for all.

Intranet

1. Intranet is also a network of computers designed for a specific group of users.
2. Intranet can be accessed from Internet but with restrictions.
3. The number of users is limited.
4. The traffic allowed is also limited.
5. Intranet contains only specific group information.

Therefore the Internet is an open, public space, while an intranet is designed to be a private space. An intranet may be accessible from the Internet, but it is protected by a password and accessible only to authorized users.

10 Reasons the Moon Landings Could Be a Hoax

2014-05-27T23:12:00.000+05:30

The theory that the moon landings were hoaxed by the US government to assert their victory in the space race over Russia, is something which has grown in popularity over time.

Recent polls indicate that approximately 20% of Americans believe that the U.S. has never landed on the moon. After the Apollo missions ended in the seventies, why haven’t we ever been back? Only during the term of Richard Nixon did humanity ever land on the moon, and after Watergate most people wouldn’t put it past Tricky Dick to fake them to put America in good standing in the Cold War.
In this list I have presented some of the proposed evidence to suggest that the moon landings were hoaxes. I tried to include NASA’s explanations to each entry to provide an objective perspective. 

10 - The Waving Flag

Conspiracy theorists have pointed out that when the first moon landing was shown on live television, viewers could clearly see the American flag waving and fluttering as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin planted it. Photos of the landing also seem to show rippling in a breeze, such as the image above which clearly shows a fold in the flag. The obvious problem here is that there’s no air in the moon’s atmosphere, and therefore no wind to cause the flag to blow.
Countless explanations have been put forward to disprove this phenomenon as anything unusual: NASA claimed that the flag was stored in a thin tube and the rippled effect was caused by it being unfurled before being planted. Other explanations involve the ripples caused by the reaction force of the astronauts touching the aluminum pole, which is shown to shake in the video footage.

 

9 - Lack of Impact Crater

The claim goes as follows: had NASA really landed us on the moon, there would be a blast crater underneath the lunar module to mark its landing. On any video footage or photograph of the landings, no crater is visible, almost as though the module was simply placed there. The surface of the moon is covered in fine lunar dust, and even this doesn’t seem to have been displaced in photographic evidence.
Much like the waving flag theory, however, the lack of an impact crater has a slew of potential explanations. NASA maintains that the module required significantly less thrust in the low-gravity conditions than it would have done on Earth. The surface of the moon itself is solid rock, so a blast crater probably wouldn’t be feasible anyway – in the same way that an aeroplane doesn’t leave a crater when it touches down on a concrete airstrip.

 

8 - Multiple Light Sources

On the moon there is only one strong light source: the Sun. So it’s fair to suggest that all shadows should run parallel to one another. But this was not the case during the moon landing: videos and photographs clearly show that shadows fall in different directions. Conspiracy theorists suggest that this must mean multiple light sources are present -suggesting that the landing photos were taken on a film set.
NASA has attempted to blame uneven landscape on the strange shadows, with subtle bumps and hills on the moon’s surface causing the discrepancies. This explanation has been tossed out the window by some theorists; how could hills cause such large angular differences? In the image above the lunar module’s shadow clearly contradicts that of the rocks in the foreground at almost a 45 degree angle.  

7 - The Van Allen Radiation Belt

In order to reach the moon, astronauts had to pass through what is known as the Van Allen radiation belt. The belt is held in place by Earth’s magnetic field and stays perpetually in the same place. The Apollo missions to the moon marked the first ever attempts to transport living humans through the belt. Conspiracy theorists contend that the sheer levels of radiation would have cooked the astronauts en route to the moon, despite the layers of aluminum coating the interior and exterior of the spaceship.
NASA have countered this argument by emphasizing the short amount of time it took the astronauts to traverse the belt – meaning they received only very small doses of radiation.

6 - The Unexplained Object

After photographs of the moon landings were released, theorists were quick to notice a mysterious object (shown above) in the reflection of an astronaut’s helmet from the Apollo 12 mission. The object appears to be hanging from a rope or wire and has no reason to be there at all, leading some to suggest it is an overhead spotlight typically found in film studios.
The resemblance is questionable, given the poor quality of the photograph, but the mystery remains as to why something is being suspended in mid-air (or rather lack of air) on the moon. The lunar module in other photos appears to have no extension from it that matches the photo, so the object still remains totally unexplained.

5 - Slow-Motion Walking and Hidden Cables

In order to support claims that the moon landings were shot in a studio, conspiracy theorists had to account for the apparent low-gravity conditions, which must have been mimicked by NASA. It has been suggested that if you take the moon landing footage and increase the speed of the film x2.5, the astronauts appear to be moving in Earth’s gravity. As for the astronaut’s impressive jump height, which would be impossible to perform in Earth’s gravity, hidden cables and wires have been suggested as giving the astronauts some extra height. In some screenshots outlines of alleged hidden cables can be seen (the photograph above supposedly shows a wire, though it is extremely vague).

 

4 - Lack of Stars

One compelling argument for the moon landing hoax is the total lack of stars in any of the photographic/video evidence. There are no clouds on the moon, so stars are perpetually visible and significantly brighter than what we see through the filter of Earth’s atmosphere.
The argument here is that NASA would have found it impossible to map out the exact locations of all stars for the hoax without being rumbled, and therefore left them out – intentionally falling back on an excuse that the quality of the photographs washes them out (an excuse they did actually give).
Some photographs are high-quality, however, and yet still no stars are shown. Certainly eerie, considering you can take pictures of stars from Earth in much lower quality and still see them.  

3 - The “C” Rock

One of the most famous photos from the moon landings shows a rock in the foreground, with what appears to be the letter “C” engraved into it. The letter appears to be almost perfectly symmetrical, meaning it is unlikely to be a natural occurrence. It has been suggested that the rock is simply a prop, with the “C” used as a marker by an alleged film crew. A set designer could have turned the rock the wrong way, accidentally exposing the marking to the camera.
NASA has given conflicting excuses for the letter, on the one hand blaming a photographic developer for adding the letter as a practical joke, while on the other hand saying that it may simply have been a stray hair which got tangled up somewhere in the developing process.

 

2 - The Layered Cross-hairs

The cameras used by astronauts during the moon landings had a multitude of cross-hairs to aid with scaling and direction. These are imprinted over the top of all photographs. Some of the images, however, clearly show the cross-hairs behind objects in the scene, implying that photographs may have been edited or doctored after being taken. The photograph shown above is not an isolated occurrence. Many objects are shown to be in front of the cross-hairs, including the American flag in one picture and the lunar rover in another.
Conspiracy theorists have suggested NASA printed the man-made objects over a legitimate photograph of the moon to hoax the landings – although if they really planned on doing this, then why they used cross-hairs in the first place is a mystery.

 

1 - The Duplicate Backdrop

 The two photos from the Apollo 15 mission shown above clearly have identical backdrops, despite being officially listed by NASA as having been taken miles apart. One photo even shows the lunar module. When all photographs were taken the module had already landed, so how can it possibly be there for one photo and disappear in another? Well, if you’re a hardcore conspiracy theorist, it may seem viable that NASA simply used the same backdrop when filming different scenes of their moon landing videos.
NASA has suggested that since the moon is much smaller than Earth, horizons can appear significantly closer to the human eye. Despite this, to say that the two hills visible in the photographs are miles apart is incontrovertibly false.

 

Bonus

The Stanley Kubrick Theory

This loose extension of the popular conspiracy theory states that acclaimed film director Stanley Kubrick was approached by the US government to hoax the first three moon landings. There are two main branches of this somewhat implausible theory: one group of believers maintain that Kubrick was approached after he released 2001: A Space Odyssey (released in 1968, one year before the first moon landing), after NASA came to appreciate the stunning realism of the film’s outer-space scenes at that time; another group contends that Kubrick was groomed by the government to film the moon landing long before this, and that 2001: A Space Odyssey was a staged practice run for him.
So what evidence might support such claims? Well: apparently, if you watch The Shining (another Kubrick picture), you can pick up on some alleged messages hidden by Kubrick to subtly inform the world of his part in the conspiracy. The most obvious is the child’s Apollo 11 shirt worn in only one scene. Another supposed gem is the line written on Jack Nicholson’s character’s typewriter: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”, in which the word “all” can be interpreted as A11, or Apollo 11.

If you aren’t convinced yet, Kubrick made the mysterious hotel room in the film number 237. Guess how many miles it is from here to the moon: 238,000. So divide that by a thousand and minus one, and you’ve got one airtight theory right there.

10 Completely Mysterious Deaths We’ll Probably Never Solve

2014-05-18T22:32:00.000+05:30

There’s been no shortage of speculation around these 10 stories. However, the passage of time only serves to take us further away from events, and the world of speculation will likely be the final resting place of these mysterious deaths.

10 - Tom Thomson

Canadian painter Tom Thomson was last seen setting out on a fishing trip in a canoe on July 8, 1917. When his body was found floating in Canoe Lake eight days later, the circumstances behind the young artist’s demise became one of Canada’s most infamous mysteries.
There were two unusual aspects of the body that led many to believe he hadn’t simply fallen overboard: A piece of fishing line was wrapped 16 times around Thomson’s left ankle, and there was a wound on his temple. Some investigators agree with the accidental drowning theory, but if it was an accident, what caused it? It’s possible that Thomson’s canoe simply hit a piece of floating debris from a nearby logging operation. Some have even suggested the unlikely—but technically possible—scenario that he was hit by a sudden tornado.
Others have suggested that Thomson received a blow to the head, possibly from a paddle. There’s also the possibility of suicide—that Thomson purposely drowned himself, using the fishing line to tie a weight around his ankle.
The murder theories are even more numerous. Among the proposed suspects are American draft dodgers hoping to stay anonymous and poachers going to desperate lengths to hide their activities. Perhaps enemy spies or saboteurs were hiding in the woods, planning to attack the nearby train tracks used to transport goods bound for the war effort in Europe. None of them would have wanted Thomson to report spotting them.

9 - The Missing Body Of Frederick McDonald

On April 15, 1926, former Australian MP Frederick McDonald disappeared and was never seen again. His body was never found, but a suicide note was. No one was ever questioned about or charged with the disappearance, but one person frequently receives the finger of suspicion—Thomas John Ley.
Ley became a member of Australia’s federal parliament in 1925, and his ambition was matched only by his reputation as an awful person. Shortly after he gained his federal seat, he was investigated for bribery, having apparently offered McDonald £2,000 to back out of the next election. Then, before the hearing, McDonald apparently decided to kill himself.
Another of Ley’s enemies, Hyman Goldstein, “committed suicide” by throwing himself off a cliff in 1928. Goldstein was another MP who had been tricked into investing in a scam company set up by Ley. Goldstein set up a committee to investigate his fellow politician, but before the investigation could take place, Goldstein’s body was being dragged out of the sea by a fishing trawler.
Ley’s willingness to murder was proven in 1946, by which point he had moved to England. He’d become convinced that his mistress was having an affair with a young barman named John Mudie, so he had Mudie strangled and dumped in a chalk pit. Ley was convicted and died of a stroke after one year in a hospital for the criminally insane. It’s likely that he took the secret of McDonald’s fate with him.

8 - The Blazing Car Murder

In 1930, Alfred Rouse attempted to fake his own death by bludgeoning a man over the head with a mallet and burning the body in his car. He was spotted fleeing the scene and was eventually hanged for the crime. However, the identity of his victim was unknown.
For a long time, it was thought that the victim may have been William Thomas Briggs. Briggs had gone missing on his way to a doctor’s appointment around the time the murder took place. He was similar in appearance to Rouse and would have made an ideal victim for the hoax.
At the start of 2014, members of Briggs’s family arranged to have DNA tests done to finally put the mystery to rest. But when the results came back, the DNA didn’t match, opening up two separate mysteries. Who was the man murdered by Rouse, and what actually happened to Briggs? While the latter question will probably never be answered, DNA technology may eventually lead to the identification of the murder victim.

7 - Julia Wallace

The 1931 murder of Julia Wallace in Liverpool has fascinated British crime writers for decades. It’s been called an unparalleled mystery that compares only to the infamous murders perpetrated by Jack the Ripper.
On January 20, 1931, a man calling himself R.M. Qualtrough called Liverpool Central Chess Club with a message for one of its members, William Herbert Wallace. The club’s secretary took the call and passed on the request for Wallace to go to 25 Menlove Gardens East the following evening. Wallace worked as an insurance agent, so such things weren’t particularly unusual.
When Wallace got to the area the following evening and tried to find the road, he found that there was a North, a South, and a West Menlove Gardens—but no East. Assuming someone had played a prank, he made his way back home, where he found his wife brutally murdered in the living room.
William Wallace was convicted of the murder, but the verdict was overturned after an appeal. Two other suspects have been considered. One was 22-year-old Richard Parry, who’d lost his job working for Prudential Insurance when William Wallace caught him fudging the books. Another was Joseph Marsden. Julia Wallace had been paying Marsden for sex, a fact he wanted to keep secret as he was about to marry into a wealthy family.
Several books have been written about the murder, and each new writer has been convinced that they’ve finally solved it—yet none of them actually agree on the outcome.

6 - Laetitia Toureaux

When Laetitia Nourrissat Toureaux boarded a metro that left Porte de Charenton station in Paris at 6:27 one evening in May 1937, she was the only person in the first-class carriage. When it pulled into the next station just a minute later, three people boarded through the doors on both ends of the carriage. Toureaux was still the only person there, but now she was slumped forward with a dagger protruding from her neck.
It’s partly the impossibility of the murder that makes Toureaux’s death so fascinating, but she also lived an unusual life. By day, the Italian widow worked in a glue factory. At night, she frequented seedy nightclubs and worked as a surveillance and message-delivery specialist for a private detective agency. This eventually led to her becoming a paid informant for the Parisian police, a position that definitely came with enemies.
She is also believed to have been having an affair with Gabriel Jeantet, a prominent right-wing journalist. Jeantet was also an arms smuggler for the most powerful underground organization in Paris at the time, a terrorist group called the Comite secret d’action revolutionnaire. Their nickname was the Cagoule, literally “hooded,” as they wore hoods to protect their identities.
The group was funded by the city’s social and financial elite, and it waged a campaign of terror in an attempt to break trade unions and other left-leaning organizations. They were responsible for seven confirmed murders, two bombings, and the formation of a militia. They even stockpiled weapons and built an underground prison.
In 1937, two members of the group were placed under interrogation. They claimed that Toureaux’s murder had been committed by their chief assassin, Jean Filliol. One of the men later changed his story, and the other man had been beaten prior to giving the information, so it’s hard to be certain how much they actually knew.
In any case, World War II soon put a halt to the investigation, and by the mid-1940s, Filliol had fled to Spain. Other rumors suggest that Toureaux was killed because she knew too much about a plot involving Mussolini, as the dagger-in-the-neck technique was popular with professional assassins from Italy. By the time police were in a position to resume their investigation, there were too many obstacles in their way, leaving Toureaux’s murder a mystery to this day.

5 - Harry Oakes

The richest man in the Bahamas was found dead on the morning of July 8, 1943. He’d been beaten in the head with a spiked club, doused in gasoline, and covered with feathers from a pillow. The murderer had then tried to set him on fire, but the blaze hadn’t taken.
Harry Oakes had made his money in the gold mines of Canada before moving to the Bahamian capital of Nassau to escape taxes. The governor of the islands at the time was the Duke of Windsor, formerly the King of England. He’d been friends with the recently deceased Oakes and, rather than allowing the local police to investigate, he called in two detectives from Miami whom he knew personally.
It wasn’t long before Oakes’s son-in-law, Alfred de Marigny, was arrested and charged. Oakes had never liked de Marigny, and the young man stood to inherit a large fortune if Oakes died. That gave de Marigny two motives, so when his fingerprint was found at the crime scene, he was immediately put on trial. The defense showed that the duke’s private detectives had planted the fingerprint in order to bring an end to the situation as soon as possible, and de Marigny was acquitted.
Another key suspect was Oakes’s business partner, Harold Christie, who had been staying at the house that night. Christie claimed that he’d been asleep and had heard nothing around the time Oakes was killed. He had a motive, as he owed Oakes money that he couldn’t pay. De Marigny himself wrote after his trial, “In my mind there is no doubt whatsoever that Harold Christie should have been tried and hanged for the murder of Sir Harry Oakes.”
Witnesses later claimed to have seen Christie out of the house around the time the murderer would have expected the body to be going up in flames, even though he denied ever leaving. Christie was never really investigated, and never received a trial. Others have blamed the Mafia, who had hoped to organize a gambling racket in the Bahamas (possibly in cahoots with the Duke of Windsor) but had run into opposition from Oakes.

4 - The Atlas Vampire

Lilly Lindestrom was a 32-year-old divorcee living in Stockholm in the 1930s. She lived in a small apartment and made her living as a prostitute. On May 1, 1932, she was discussing plans for the evening’s May Day celebrations with her friend Minnie Jansson, a 35-year-old woman who lived on the same floor and made her living in the same way. Lilly was nicknamed the “call girl” because she was the only person in the building with a phone.
Lilly received a call from a potential client, asking if he could come over. Lilly agreed, and Minnie left her to it. Minnie only saw her friend alive again briefly later that day, when the younger woman called to borrow condoms. When Minnie knocked on Lilly’s door several hours later, there was no answer. Minnie thought that perhaps Lilly had gone to the celebration with the man.
It wasn’t until three days later that the police were finally called. When they broke down the door, Lilly was found facedown on her bed, completely naked, with a condom still in her anus. She’d been killed by three blows to the head from a blunt object. Her clothes were neatly folded nearby.
Yet there was an even more disturbing and sinister aspect to this murder. In the room was a bloodstained gravy ladle. Further inspection revealed that the blood had been drained from Lilly’s body, and the killer had used the ladle to drink it. Despite the authorities’ best efforts, the story leaked, and the local press nicknamed the unknown killer the Atlas Vampire, due to the area of the city in which Lilly lived.
Eighty of Lilly’s customers were investigated, but no suspects were revealed. Minnie hadn’t recognized the voice on the phone from what she’d heard, but she commented that the man had seemed sober and polite. There didn’t seem to be any fingerprints on any of the suspicious items at the scene. One theory was that the killer was a police officer who had bludgeoned Lilly with his truncheon and knew how to cover his tracks. Either way, Lilly’s final customer was never found.

3 - Mary Money

Late in the evening on September 24, 1905, the mutilated body of a young woman was found in the Merstham railway tunnel in southeast England. At first, police believed that it may have been suicide, but an examination of the body found a scarf which had been stuffed down the woman’s throat. The body was warm, and had likely not been there long—maybe less than 30 minutes—by the time a railway worker stumbled across it.
Shortly after a description was released, the victim was identified as Mary Money by her brother Robert. Police set about retracing her last steps. Around 7:00 PM, she’d told a friend that she was going for a walk and would be back soon. Her body was found around 10:55 PM.
Two witnesses claimed to have seen her at the local train station that evening. Others noted that they’d seen a young woman in a first-class compartment with a man. The train in question would’ve passed through Merstham tunnel at around 10:19. One witness said he saw the man leave the train alone. Was he a boyfriend who had thrown Mary out of the moving carriage? The police investigated every man in Mary’s life, but all had solid alibis.
Later events suggested that Mary’s brother may have been less than honest with the police. He was found dead in 1912, having murdered two women and three children before committing suicide. The women were sisters, and Robert had married them both without the other’s knowledge. Having proven himself very capable of deceit and murder, a role for Robert in his sister’s murder doesn’t seem unreasonable.

2 - YOGTZE

Gunther Stoll was found severely injured in his car in the early hours of the morning in 1984. The car was in a ditch on the side of the autobahn. He’d been out drinking the previous night, and the case seemed like nothing more than a simple traffic accident. Unfortunately, he died on the way to hospital before he could give an explanation for the accident. The subsequent examination of Stoll’s injuries led authorities to conclude that he’d been run over before being placed back in his vehicle.
Another puzzle came from a note found beside Stoll. On a scrap of paper, he had written “YOGTZE.” It’s not a word in any language that anyone has been able to find. It may be an acronym or possibly an encryption, but if that’s the case, nobody’s cracked the code. The day before he died, Stoll had declared to his wife, “Now I get it!” before he made the note and left the house.
Two decades later, the death and the note both remain a mystery. People have speculated that it may have been YO6TZE, a Romanian radio call sign. It could also be a reference to the yogurt flavoring TZE (Stoll worked as a food technician). Neither of those ideas, however, give any insight into how Stoll ended up apparently murdered in his own car, and the case remains unsolved.

1 - Charles Bravo

The death of Charles Bravo is another case that many modern sleuths claim to have solved, each one with a different story. Bravo was a barrister who died of antimony poisoning in 1876. His painful death was strung out over several days, yet Bravo remained calm and unwilling to tell anyone who may have put the poison into his bedside water glass. Many at the time took this ambivalence to be a sign that Bravo had poisoned himself as a means of suicide, though we now know that his behavior could have simply been a symptom of the poisoning.
There were four main suspects. The first was Florence, Charles’s wife of four months, who had started to loathe her husband’s intense sexual advances. Then there was Dr. James Gully, Florence’s former lover (and the suspect thought most likely by Agatha Christie). On the other hand, the maid, Mrs. Cox, had heard she was to be fired and may have held a grudge against Bravo. Finally, there’s a theory that the murderer was actually Charles Bravo, and he accidentally poisoned himself while trying to kill his wife.
Of course, there’s also the possibility that it wasn’t murder at all—just an accident. Like many heavy metals, antimony was used to treat various illnesses in the 19th century. The case that ruined the lives of its suspects—Gully’s career was in tatters and Florence drank herself to death within 18 months—may have been nothing more than a botched home remedy.

Alan is blaming every single one of these on Jessica Fletcher.

Larger Version of iPhone 6 Might Be Delayed

2014-04-22T22:46:00.001+05:30

A concept made by designer Federico Ciccarese shows the possible sizes of the iPhone 6 (middle and right).

Image: Federico Ciccarese

A larger version of the next-generation iPhone is expected to come with a slimmer battery, but complications related to finding the right size could delay the launch of the model to as late as 2015.

According to Taiwan's Industrial and Commercial Times, and spotted by MacRumors, Apple might be pushing back the debut of its 5.5-inch iPhone 6 to next year due to issues with finding a sufficient battery slim enough to fit into the device's "very thin" design.

It's been long rumored that Apple will debut two iPhone sizes at its next smartphone launch: both a 4.7- and a 5.5-inch model, which for now is referred to as the "iPhone Air." The report notes that Apple is looking for a battery that is just 2 mm (0.08 inch) thick or less for the iPhone Air as a part of an effort to make the device as slim as possible.

The 4.7-inch model is reportedly still on track to launch this fall, which is in line with Apple's launch cycle for smartphones.

This isn't the first time we've heard production issue rumors related to the iPhone Air. Last month, Reuters reported display obstacles for the 5.5-inch model, which involves Japan Display, LG and Sharp.
Stepping into the 5.5-inch space would represent Apple's first foray into larger handsets (a.k.a "phablets"). Samsung kicked off the bigger smartphone market in 2011 when it announced the original 5.3-inch Galaxy Note phone. Other manufacturers such as HTC, Nokia and LG rolled out similar sizes soon afterward.

It's also rumored that the iPhone 6 may get a bump up in price by $100.

How to Write a Rockstar Twitter Bio

2014-04-22T22:38:00.001+05:30

What does your Twitter bio say about you? Don't think in terms of cold, hard facts — what does it really reveal about you to others?

Your bio is searchable within the Twittersphere, meaning you need to think carefully about keywords. It will show up in search engine results for your name, so it has to represent the true you. It's also how you choose to present yourself to Twitter's 230 million users, so it's worth giving it some serious thought.

The Bio as an Art Form

Whether or not you agree with the The New York Times' rather grandiose statement that the Twitter bio is a postmodern art form, it's certainly a skill to distill the essence of your complex, multifaceted personality (or so we'd all like to think) into 160 characters.
Embrace the space available. Don't think of the allowance as a limitation; think of it as an opportunity to be concise. When you write your bio, actually compose in the window Twitter allows. This will help with structure.
Are you creative or commercially minded? If you fall into the commercial camp, it may help to think of your Twitter bio as a a copywriting exercise. The product is you and you have 160 characters not just to summarize it, but sell it to an indifferent, anonymous audience.
If you're more creative, you might enjoy approaching a bio as you would a poem. Every word you use must justify its place on your limited canvas, add meaning, appear in the correct order and work as a whole.

The Bio as a Cliché

"Coffee expert. Twitterholic. Internet advocate. Music aficionado. Wannabe entrepreneur." This might read as a totally believable Twitter bio, but it is in fact gobbledegook: made-up, buzzword nonsense from the "Twitter Bio Generator".
Developed by Josh Schultz, the generator was designed to poke fun at the list-based bio format so beloved of key-word-minded Twitter users.
"I created that site a few years back just for fun, when I noticed a lot of similarities among Twitter bios," Schultz explains. "Folks using short, punchy phrases to describe themselves, including an inordinate number of 'social media experts' and all manner of 'mavens.' It was actually a bit of a joke: I included bits that could describe practically anyone on the Twitters, and threw in a few silly things, for flavor."
Could your bio be easily interchangeable with A. N. Other's Twitter bio? Could something you've written in your bio appear in the Twitter Bio Generator's database? Then you need to think of ways to make yourself stand out.

Bio Basics

This should be obvious, but from the amount of typo-ridden bios out there, it bears repeating. Your bio must have perfect spelling and grammar. There are no excuses for mistakes. Run your text through a spellcheck tool or get a buddy to check it for you, but be sure what you've written is error-free.
Secondly, be consistent. If you are going for the list-based format, decided whether you're separating words with commas, periods or vertical bars, and stick to that. Capitalize consistently by choosing to write the entire thing in either sentence case or title case. The same goes for if you're mentioning usernames or using hashtags (e.g., @JohnSmith or @johnsmith, or #Football or #football) — keep to the same format for every example.

Learn From Others

Don't create your bio in a vacuum. Do some research, study the different styles of bios out there and read what other Twitter users have written — especially ones with large followings.
When you've followed someone on the strength of his or her Twitter bio alone, consider what it was that prompted you to hit the "Follow" button.
Sarah Milstein, the 21st user of Twitter and co-author of The Twitter Book, has the following straightforward advice: "Look at a bunch of Twitter bios, notice which ones you like best, write a bio that imitates those."

Find Your Unique Sell

From a professional perspective, make it clear exactly what it is that you do. This helps differentiate you from others with similar bios. Don't just state you're in a sales role, mention the industry in which you work. If you're a recruiter, what kind of candidates are your speciality? Do you work in marketing? Which industry sector?
"Your Twitter bio should position you as an expert in your field who serves a specific audience," states Dan Schawbel, author of Promote Yourself and Me 2.0.
"The objective is to position your personal brand so you're using the right keywords and clearly showing what your focus is so people read it and know exactly what you do and whom you serve."
As well as widening your appeal for potential followers, Schawbel suggests this tactic may help your future job prospects.
"I did a study with American Express and we found that 65% of managers are looking to hire and promote subject matter experts. The problem is that most people position themselves as generalists or 'Jacks-of-all-trades,' and that won't work in this economy," he says.

Consider SEO

The words you use in your bio don't just add up to create a picture of you, they carry some serious SEO juice. Tools such as Followerwonk can search Twitter bios on a keyword basis. Carefully consider what topics you'd like to be discoverable under, as you never know who might be searching for just those subjects.
"Followerwonk helps users find people through bio search, which is incredibly powerful for niche audiences and building brands," says Erica McGillivray, social community manager for Moz, the company that created Followerwonk.
"On Twitter, it's all about first impressions, while finding the right audience, whether you're reaching out professionally or just looking for new friends. By optimizing your bio to give the perfect details — your interests, location, job, company, love of cupcakes — you're telling the world why they should follow you. Why you're important," she says.
It's not just Twitter search you have to consider, but wider searches from third-party engines. "Write a bio that will motivate others to follow you on specific topics, those you most often tweet. Use keywords and be direct," says Michael Dobbs, group director of SEO at digital marketing agency 360i.
With news that Google Search has recently made moves to include hashtag searches, Dobbs also suggests: "Consider adding hashtags on keyword topics you'd like to be discovered against."

Be Unusual

"The idea behind your bio is that you want to provoke enough interest so that somebody will follow you back," Mark Schaefer, author of The Tao of Twitter, says. "Be honest and give at least a hint of what you do in the real world. Then, add something unusual or funny to stand out. For example, I identify myself as a consultant, author and social media bouncer. That often starts a conversation!" On an online platform of over 200 million users, it can be hard to stand out, so don't be afraid to let your quirks show and don't hesitate to use humor in your bio. If you have an unusual hobby or a niche passion, include it, especially if it's something you're likely to tweet about.

"Your bio should reflect who you are, your values and what you have to offer others," states Louise Mowbray speaker, coach and branding consultant.
Most importantly, use your bio to let people know what you're going to bring to their Twitter streams — how following you is going to enrich their Twitter experience. After all, as Mowbray says, "Twitter is all about giving something of value to others for free."

Image: Matt Cardy/Getty Images

Facebook updates the news feed, but you may not notice

2014-03-13T14:55:00.003+05:30

Strictly a visual shake up

Facebook brings the mobile look to the desktop

Facebook is rolling out redesigned news feed with a very familiar visual refresh.
The social network's updated look for the news feed makes the desktop and mobile versions look the same. As such, all news items are now separated into their own individual boxes with larger images.
The redesigned news feed returns the boxed-out look Facebook tried with the complete overhaul from just two days shy of a year ago. Users hated it, almost universally in fact, and now it's back again.
Unlike Facebook's last go however, the company decided not to rearrange the layout and navigation. So everyone who disliked the way the company moved the chat list to the left-hand side should be glad to hear it's returned in its proper right-side place.

See if you can spot the differences

Baby steps

In the same blog post Facebook quantified that the changes are simply visual, writing that it "do[es] not affect how we surface content to people, nor do they change how stories are ranked in news feed."
"Though in the new design all images are larger, both organic stories and ads will be the same size - similar to the way images appear on mobile," the company continued.
The changes are a bit underwhelming, but things have to move slowly when you have more than 1.19 billion users. Meanwhile, Facebook has side loaded its bolder moves to the Creative Labs division, which recently released its first product, Paper.

Facebook said it's rolling out the new news feed design to a majority of members this month.

Protect Your Skin

2014-01-21T08:47:00.000+05:30

I was reading an article, While reading I thought I should suggest this on my blog.
So copied it. :v

Tips for your beautiful Skin

• Unless you have oily skin, skip the face wash early morning. Splash your face copiously with water and follow with your usual makeup.

• Women with oily skin should apply ice over their face before travelling, since this makes it difficult for grime to get deeper into the pores.

• On days that you have just a few extra minutes to spare, opt for a gentle exfoliation treatment. Eliminating dead cells adds an instant glow to your face.

• When you have no time to fit in an elaborate night time regime during the week, a serum and eye cream are products you should remain loyal to. Never miss applying them before you go to bed.

• While there’s not enough time to pamper your skin during the week, make up for it over the weekend. Opt for steaming, cleansing treatments, intense exfoliation therapies and good hydration. These are essentials in any skin care routine.
Credits- Bebeautiful.in

Trace Any IP Address Location

2013-12-21T21:57:00.000+05:30

How to Trace the IP Address Back to the Source?

In fact, tracing an IP address back to its location is a lot simpler than what many people imagine. There exists many online tools using which you can accomplish this job. One of my favorite site is IP2Location.com.

Just go to http://www.ip2location.com/demo.aspx and enter the IP address that you want to trace in the dialog box and click on “Find Location”‘. With just a click of a button you can find the following information for any given IP address:

Country in which the IP is located
City to which the IP address belongs to
Latitude/Longitude of the IP’s location
Zip Code of the region to which the IP belongs to
Time Zone associated with the IP
Name of the ISP to which the IP address belong to
Internet Speed of the computer associated with the IP
Weather Station associated with the region of the IP
Domain name associated with the IP address

A sample snapshot of the results from ip2location.com is given below:

You can also visually trace route any IP address back to its location. For this, just visit http://www.yougetsignal.com/tools/visual-tracert/ and enter the IP you want to trace in the dialog box and hit the “Proxy Trace” button. Wait for few seconds and the visual trace route tool displays the path Internet packets traverse to reach a specified destination. Hope this helps. Please pass you comments.

Ways To Hide IP Address Online

2013-12-21T21:42:00.000+05:30

Every computer on the Internet has a unique IP address allotted to it which makes it possible to trace it back to its exact location. Even though the concept of Internet Protocol address has been designed for its transparency and traceability, in some cases this questions the privacy of the Internet user where one would not like to reveal his/her identity to the outside world. Well, if you are one such person who is in search of ways to hide your IP address online, then you are at the right place. In this post, I will discuss some of the easy and popular ways to hide your IP address, so that your identity and privacy is kept safe.

One of the most popular and easy ways to hide your IP address online is to use a proxy server. In simple words, a proxy server is any server that will act as an intermediary between your computer and the Internet. Instead of communicating directly with the websites or Internet resources, here you communicate with the proxy server which then forwards all your requests to the remote server so as to establish a back and forth communication between your computer and the Internet. So, whenever you are hiding behind a proxy, the Internet or the websites you visit will only see the IP address of the proxy server, so that your real IP address is kept hidden. For more information on proxy servers, you may refer my earlier post on what is a proxy server and how it works?

Types of Web Proxies

Here is a list of different types of web proxies that you can try:

Website Based Proxy Servers:

This is the simplest of all methods. There are many websites on the Internet that provide free and paid proxy service for the users without having to install any piece of software program on their computer. The following are some of the popular websites that offer proxy service:

The above websites provide a field to enter the URL of the target website that you want to visit anonymously. Once you submit, they will establish a connection with the target site and presents you back with the intended page that you are trying to browse. The downside of using these free services is that, some of them will not offer a secured connection (SSL) and you will often be presented with annoying ads and pop-ups during the course of your browsing. However, you can avoid these by becoming a paid user.

Browser Configured Proxy Servers:

There are hundreds of freely available open proxies that can be found on the Internet. You can obtain the IP address of one of those freely available proxy servers and configure your browser to start using them. However, as they are openly available to public, most of them are either bottlenecked or perform too slow on normal conditions.

Program Based Proxy Servers:

A program based proxy server requires you to install a program on your computer and configure its settings. These provide you with an option to start hiding your IP address with just a click of a button. They automatically connect your computer to a private high speed anonymous proxy server to provide best performance. You also have the option to choose proxies based on location such as countries. The advantage of using this type of proxy is that, it is not limited to a single browser. That means, your computer’s entire web traffic is routed through the proxy, there by guaranteeing you with a highest level of privacy.

Most of these programs come with a free trial where you are required to pay once the trial period expires. The following are some of the popular program based web proxies:

VPN Services:

VPN services provide reliable ways not only to hide your IP address but also to protect your data and identity over the Internet. Here are a few examples of VPN services that you can try:

Tips to Maintain A Virus Free Computer

2013-12-19T14:28:00.002+05:30

Is your computer infected with virus? Do you often get mysterious error messages? Well, this is a common problem faced by almost all the computer users across the globe.

Even though some of them are harmless, they do have the ability to do a number of nasty things up to and including damaging or erasing sensitive data from your computer. However, there are ways to keep viruses and other malware away from your computer.

Ways to Keep Your Computer Virus Free:

Here are the 12 tips to maintain a virus free computer:

Email is one of the common ways by which your computer can catch a virus. So, it is always recommended to stay away from SPAM. Open only those emails that has its origin from a trusted source such as those which comes from your contact list.
If you are using your own private email host (other than Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail etc.) then it is highly recommended that you use a good spam filter. And finally NEVER click on any links in the emails that comes from untrusted sources.
USB thumb/pen drives is another common way by which viruses spread rapidly. So, it is always a good habit to perform a virus scan before copying any data onto your computer. NEVER double-click the pen drive to open it. Instead right-click on it and select the option “open”. This is the safe way to open a pen drive.
Be careful about using MS Outlook. Outlook is more susceptible to worms than other e-mail programs, unless you have an efficient antivirus programs running. Use Pegasus or Thunderbird (by Mozilla), or a web-based program such as Hotmail or Yahoo (In Firefox).
As we all know, Internet is the main source of all malicious programs including viruses, worms, trojans etc. In fact, Internet contributes to virus infection by up to 80 percent. So, here are the tips for safe surfing habits so that you can ward off virus infection up to the maximum possible extent.
- Do not click on pop-up windows that announce a sudden disaster in your city or announce that you’ve won an hourly prize. They are the ways to mislead Internet users and you should never trust them.
- You can also use a pop-up blocker to automatically block those pop-ups.
Most of us use search engines like Google to find what we are looking for. It is quite obvious for a malicious website to get listed in the search results. So, in order to avoid visiting those untrusted malicious websites, you can download and install the AVG LinkScanner which is a freeware. This tool can become very handy and will help you to stay away from those malicious websites.
Install a good antivirus software and keep it updated. Also perform full system scan periodically. It is highly recommended that you turn on the automatic update feature. This is the most essential task to protect your PC from viruses. If PC security is your first option then it is recommended that you go for a shareware antivirus software rather than using the freeware stuffs.
Most of the antivirus programs offer the auto-protect feature that provides real-time security for your PC. Make sure that this feature is turned on.
In addition to an antivirus, it is worthwhile to spend a few bucks on a good anti-spyware program. This can provide extra security for your computer.
Never open any email attachments that come from untrusted sources. If it is a picture, text or sound file (these attachments end in the extensions .txt, .jpeg, .gif, .bmp, .tif, .mp3, .htm, .html, and .avi), you are probably safe, but still perform a virus scan before opening them.
Do not use disks that other people gave you, even from work. The disk could be infected with a virus. Of course, you can run a virus scan on it first to check it out.
Set up your Windows update to automatically download patches and upgrades. This will allow your computer to automatically download any updates to both the operating system and Internet Explorer. These updates fix security holes in both pieces of software.
While you download files from untrusted websites/sources such as torrents, warez etc. make sure that you run a virus scan before executing them.
And finally it is recommended not to visit those websites that feature illegal/unwanted stuffs such as cracks, serials, warez etc. as they contribute much in spreading of virus and other malicious programs.

Make a locked folder, without any software...

2013-04-23T12:40:00.003+05:30

How To Lock Folder ?

1. Open Notepad and Copy code given below into it.

cls
@ECHO OFF
title coolhacking-tricks.blogspot.com
if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK
if NOT EXIST MyFolder goto MDMyFolder
:CONFIRM
echo Are you sure to lock this folder? (Y/N)
set/p "cho=>"
if %cho%==Y goto LOCK
if %cho%==y goto LOCK
if %cho%==n goto END
if %cho%==N goto END
echo Invalid choice.
goto CONFIRM
:LOCK
ren MyFolder "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
echo Folder locked
goto End
:UNLOCK
echo Enter password to Unlock Your Secure Folder
set/p "pass=>"
if NOT %pass%== coolhacks goto FAIL
attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"
ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" MyFolder
echo Folder Unlocked successfully
goto End
:FAIL
echo Invalid password
goto end
:MDMyFolder
md MyFolder
echo MyFolder created successfully
goto End
:End

2. Save the notepad file as lock.bat (.bat is must)

3. Now double click on lock.bat and a new folder will be created with name MyFolder

4. Copy all your data you want to protect in that New folder

5. Now double click on lock.bat and when command promp appears Type Y and press enter.

6. Now MyFolder will be hidden from you view, to access that folde double click on lock.bat

7. It will ask for password enter your password and done. (Default password is coolhacks)

To change the password replace coolhacks with new password in the above code

How to get saved passwords in Mozilla Firefox!

2013-04-23T12:15:00.002+05:30

1. Open Firefox Web Broweser

2. Then Click on FireFox > Option > Option as shown in below picture

3. Then a POP Up box will appear, In that go to security and click on Show Passwords as show below.

4. Now click on website whose password you want to see ans click on show password as shown in below image. (Note: It will ask for confirmation so click on yes when dialog box appears)

5. Done, You have hacked password of your victim with few simple steps. You can try this at school computer lab if someone have saved their password.

Dancing Keyboard Lights !

2013-04-23T11:39:00.001+05:30

In this part i will show you to make interesting file using notepad which will make keyboard led to dance. basically we will be creating a visual basic script.

1. Open Notepad and copy below codes into it.

Set wshShell =wscript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
do
wscript.sleep 100
wshshell.sendkeys "{CAPSLOCK}"
wshshell.sendkeys "{NUMLOCK}"
wshshell.sendkeys "{SCROLLLOCK}"
loop

2. Then save this file as dance.vbs (name can be anything but .vbs is must)
3. Open your save file and see your keyboard led blinking like disco lights.
You will enjoy typing after this..........

Is YoUr CcompUtEr MAle of FeMALe ???????

2013-04-23T11:36:00.003+05:30

This is funny trick that let you know the gender of your computer whether it is male or female. So let get started.

Open Notepad and paste the following codes.

CreateObject("SAPI.SpVoice").Speak"i love you"

Save the file as gender.vbs
Now, open the save file
If you hear male voice then your computer is male and if you hear female voice then its female.

Keyboard Shortcuts You Must Know !

2011-12-31T08:49:00.000+05:30

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.

Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

explorer shortcuts

END....... Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME....... Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog

You Must Be Loving Your Eyes. Aren't You?

2011-08-27T19:19:00.000+05:30

Some tips for your cute eyes---

FADE THOSE DARK CIRCLES AWAY

A common beauty and dermatological complaint, dark circles make you look much older than your age. Here are some tips to cure dark circles effectively.

What Causes Dark Circles
In medical terms, it is called ‘oxidizing haemoglobin’ where tiny blood vessels spread around the delicate skin around the eyes. Since the capillaries are too small, the red blood cells clog up in a single line in order to pass through. As a result the enzymes present in your body break down the red blood cells, including the haemoglobin. This leaves a dark blue-black colour around the skin area. Since the skin around the eye area is thin and the capillaries are closer to the skin, dark circles are more visible around the eye area

Home Remedies For Dark Circles
o
Place used and refrigerated tea bags on your eyes for about 15 min.

o
Before going out, apply concealer, foundation cream and powder to cover up those dark circles.

o
Get into the healthy habit of eating well, sleeping at least 6-8 hours and drinking lots of water.

o
Practice yoga exercises such as palming. Rub the palms of your hands together till you find them warm. Then gently place them on your eyes for about 2-3 minutes. Repeat this exercise as often as you want.

o Place a metal spoon under cold running water for a few minutes, dry off the water and hold the spoons gently to your eyes for at least 60 seconds.

Beauty Remedies For Dark Circles
o
Cool half a cucumber’s juice in the refrigerator. Apply a few drops of lemon juice and gently apply around the eye for about 10 minutes and rinse.

o
Apply thin slices of cucumber on your eyes for about 5-10 minutes to soothe and cool your eyes.

o
Make a paste of turmeric powder, tomato juice and lemon juice, apply it around the eye area and wash off 10 minutes later.

Medical Remedies For Dark Circles
o
If the dark circles persist for a long time, it’s time to visit an ophthalmologist or dermatologist.

o You could use certain medicated Vitamin E creams meant for treatment of dark circles around the eye area

EYE CARE AT WORK

Here’s some exercise to completely relax the eyes and the surrounding muscles:
• Close your eyes and think of something that is pleasant or soothing and at a distance (like the horizon over a stretch of green, a sail in the midst of a huge water mass).
• Now gently open your eyes and look into the distance.
• Now shift your focus on an object that is at arm's length.
• Do this extremely relaxing exercise four to five times a day.
You will literally feel that fatigue oozing out of your eyes.

GET THAT BEAUTY SLEEP

Make-up can camouflage your dark circles but can it make you look as ravishing as after you’ve had your beauty sleep? In case of severe insomnia, be sure to consult a doctor.

DO…

• Keep regular hours for sleeping and waking.
• Try conscious relaxation or meditation before bedtime. It helps to calm the mind.
• Add a tablespoon of honey to a glass of warm milk and drink it before bedtime.
• Keep the room at a comfortable temperature.
• Try reading a book.
• Have a bed switch, so you don’t have to get up to turn out the lights.

DON’T…

• Exercise just before bedtime.
• Try to sleep immediately after a meal.
• Have stimulants like coffee before bedtime.
• Keep your TV set in the bedroom.
• Force yourself to sleep. It’s a sure way of keeping awake!

Chemical Love Letter- Must Read

2011-06-23T17:03:00.000+05:30

CHEMICAL LOVE LETTER

Hydrogen Tetraborate,
Carboxyl Road,
Propane

Dearest Alkali,
The day I saw you, there were sudden Chemical reactions within me involving phenolic and benzoic rings of love. Chemically, it was found that you were the reagent for the reaction. I wanted to convey my feeling that very day but since Aldehyde, Ketone and Ether were with you, I realized that the reaction conditions are unsuitable & you would show Chemical Inertness. So, I had to control the nuclear reactions of my mind using Cadmium rods.If according to first law of Love Dynamics, the following reaction: Heart(Miss Alkali in absolute privacy), Affection can be propagated, then meet me at Ammonium Restaurant, Butyl Road at 5 PM failing which I shall consume a mixture of H2SO4 + HNO3 + CH3COOH + C4H5ClNO3 +(C2H5)4Pb.

Yours Chemically,
Methanoic Acid