INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

LAB SOFTWARES

2011-12-08T20:01:00.002+05:30

Computer Programming Lab

Lab Software

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6901322/Turboc2.rar.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3923150/WeekwiseSolvedProgramsforLAB.zip.html
Lab Manual

http://worldwebsites8.blogspot.com/2010/10/free-download-of-c-programming-lab.html

Electrical and Electronics Lab

Lab Manual

BEE Lab Manual
http://www.ziddu.com/download/385681...anual.doc.html
EDC Lab Manual
http://www.ziddu.com/download/385681...anual.doc.html

IT Work-Shop

Lab Manual
http://www.ziddu.com/download/385681...anual.doc.html

Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms Lab

Lab Software

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6901323/Turboc3.rar.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3923178/ADSlab.rar.html

Lab Manual

http://www.mediafire.com/file/o91n7s4tvrpvcku/ADSA Lab Manual.doc

Unix and Shell Programming Lab

Lab Software

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6901745/CygNix.rar.html
or
http://www.ziddu.com/download/6902207/Unix.rar.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/3923333/unixlab.zip.html
OR
http://www.4shared.com/file/74120407/878112c5/unix.html

Lab Manual

http://www.ziddu.com/download/385681...anual.doc.html

Object Oriented Programming Lab

Lab Software

http://www.ziddu.com/download/807219...586-p.exe.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/421019...grams.doc.html

Lab Manual

http://www.mediafire.com/?d3o274d1u5s7rm5

http://199.91.153.99/j2ufosx9oe1g/w5mg5w53jgmoitq/JAVA+LAB+MANUAL.rar

Java lab viva Questions

http://www.mediafire.com/file/89ajvtxc127n06r/java%20viva%20questions.pdf

Database Management Systems Lab

Lab Software

Oracle 8i:
http://rapidshare.com/files/328667201/Archive.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/329512162/Archive.part2.rar
http://www.ziddu.com/download/795406...part2.rar.html

MS - SQL Server 2005
http://rapidshare.com/files/32715804...2005.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/32763089...2005.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/32783739...2005.part3.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/32787943...2005.part4.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/32791691...2005.part5.rar

Lab Manual
http://www.ziddu.com/download/385691...anual.pdf.html

Microprocessors and interfacing Lab

Lab Software - MASM: http://www.ziddu.com/download/6902208/MASM.rar.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/636885...grams.pdf.html

Lab Manual

http://199.91.152.76/dv9xmj88idig/i8xd6a5zgd23d83/MPMC+Lab+Manual.zip

English Lab and Communication skills (ELCS)

Lab Manual

http://download902.mediafire.com/qxlbdk3k7ddg/5vd4mm3er0h17rg/ELCS+lab+manual.rar

Computer Networks and Case Tools Lab

Lab Software

UML Lab Software (Rational Rose 98 & 2000)http://www.ziddu.com/download/870470...ion98.rar.html
http://www.ziddu.com/download/691702...ose98.rar.html
http://www.ziddu.com/download/844242...e2000.rar.html

Web Technologies Lab

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/6829857/WT.rar.html

Lab Manual

http://download1078.mediafire.com/k87fzaafjywg/j0dy2p99bcuk1fm/Web+Technology+Lab+Manual.rar

Network Programming lab

Lab Programs and Lab Manual

http://www.mediafire.com/?33m5170nt75s6a

http://download1075.mediafire.com/c88pix29jn9g/7k2eo4dqj8c5l9b/NETWORK+PROGRAMING+LAB.rar

Multimedia and Application Development Lab

Lab Software - FLASH Software for MAD LAB
http://www.ziddu.com/download/5633047/FlashMX.rar.html

Lab Programs

http://www.ziddu.com/download/5270574/MMAD.rar.h tml

Lab Manual

http://www.ziddu.com/download/5270574/MMAD.rar.html

Apache Tomcat
http://www.ziddu.com/download/563364....5.17.exe.హ్త్మ్ల్

Exam View Pro

http://www.mediafire.com/file/2cokvl...iewInstall.zip

Cam Studio Recorder

http://www.mediafire.com/file/5ui8k0...amStudio20.zip

Android for Java Developers

2011-07-03T15:22:00.000+05:30

Campus hiring in America

2011-06-03T19:03:00.000+05:30

For over two decades Wipro Technologies has been a leading provider of Information Technology, Business Process Outsourcing and Product Engineering Services. During this period we have delivered strategic services that integrate business, technology and process to assist global clients in facing new marketplace challenges.

Wipro's keen assessment of market dynamics, that drive operations across domains, makes us an ideal partner to deliver solutions on a global delivery platform. All this is made possible through a team comprising some of the best international talent available. This is where you come in.

* Visit www.wipro.com to know more*

How to Install the Android SDK on Windows XP

2011-05-30T12:35:00.000+05:30

To Install the Android SDK on Windows XP and Create an Application that Runs in the Android Emulator.

This tutorial shows you how to download and install Android SDK to get you started developing Android applications.

1.Download and Install the Android SDK and test the Emulator

Create a folder called "android" in the drive C.

Goto http://code.google.com/android/download.html.

Click on the android_sdk_windows... link, download and save it to c:\androi.

PLATFORM	PACKAGE

WINDOWS	android-sdk-windows-1.0_r1.zip

MAC OS X(intel)	android-sdk-mac_x86-1.0_r1.zip

Linux	android-sdk-linux _x86-1.0_r1.zip

2. Install Java

Unzip downloaded file.

Now, set your PATH environment variable by right click on My Computer,
and select Properties.
Under the Advanced tab,
hit the Environment Variables button,
and in the dialog that comes up,
double-click on Path under System Variables.
Add the full path to the tools/ directory to the path, in this case,
it is: C:\android\android-sdk-windows-1.0_r1\tools. Then click OK , OK , OK.

3. Install Ellipse
Eclipse is a professional editor.

Step 1:

Go to http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ .

Download and save it to drive C:\. The current version of Eclipse is 3.4.1

Step 2:

After it has finished downloading, you will have this file in your directory (C:\). Unzip this file.

Step 3: Double-click on the file c:\eclipse\eclipse.exe to run Eclipse editor.

Click OK to Continue.

Step 4: select a workspace for workspace launcher

Workspace: C:\Documents and Settings\Ngo Van Luyen\workspace

4.     Install the ADT Plug in in Ellipse
The ADT (Android Development Tools) plugin includes a variety of powerful extensions that make creating, running, and debugging Android applications faster and easier.
Step 1:
Start Eclipse.
If you are using a proxy, please go to Windows > Preferences > General > Network Connections, choose "Manual proxy configuration" and type your proxy address here. If you are using a direct internet connection, you do not need to do this step.
Click Help > Software Updates
Step 2: Choose "Available Software" tab, then click on the button "Add Site ..."

Step 3: Copy and paste this link into input box "Location": https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/, click OK
Step 4: Back in the Available Software view, you should see the plugin. "Android Developer Tools", and "Android Editors" should both be checked. The Android Editors feature is optional, but recommended. Then click on the button "Install ..."
Step 5: Click on the button Next
Step 6:   Check the "I accept the terms of the license agreements" and click Finish.
Step 7 :    Wait to Eclipse download the plugin
Step 8 :    Eclipse will ask to restart, click on the button Yes
Step 9 :    After restart, update your Eclipse preferences to point to the SDK directory:

1. Select Window > Preferences... to open the Preferences panel.
2. Select Android from the left panel. If you get a dialog says:
"Could not find folder 'tool' inside SDK ...", just click on the button OK

3. For the SDK Location in the main panel, click Browse... and locate the SDK directory.
4. Click Apply, then OK.

5. Create hello word application

Step 1 :This will show you how to make the first simple Android application with Eclipse.

In C/C++ - Eclipse Platform

Click File > New > Other....

Step 2 : Click on Android Project and click Next.

Step 3 : Fill out the form and click Finish.

Step 4 : Change the code in HelloWorld.java to the following.

Step 5 : Click on menu Run, choose Run Configurations.

Step 6: Click on Android Application, fill in Name, Project. Click on the "Launch" choice, choose Activity. Then click on button Run.

Step 7: Once Android Emulator is booted up, your application will appear.

That's it — you're done!

STEP 4:

<p>package com.androidcore.hello;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.widget.TextView;

public class HellWorld extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//setContentView(R.layout.main);

TextView tv = new TextView(this);

tv.setText("Hello, Android");

setContentView(tv);

}

}</p>

ANDROID GUIDE

2011-05-29T18:17:00.000+05:30

A platform for learning all about the Android, where one can get details of latest Android versions and updates, android installation
as well as developers guide, also information about Android API packages.

http://developer.android.com/index.html

Linux/GNU

2011-05-28T19:33:00.001+05:30

Linux may appear different depending on the distribution, your hardware and personal taste, but the fundamentals on which all graphical and other interfaces are built, remain the same. The Linux system is based on GNU tools (Gnu's Not UNIX), which provide a set of standard ways to handle and use the system. All GNU tools are open source, so they can be installed on any system. Most distributions offer pre-compiled packages of most common tools, such as RPM packages on Red Hat and Debian packages (also called deb or dpkg) on Debian, so you needn't be a programmer to install a package on your system. However, if you are and like doing things yourself, you will enjoy Linux all the better, since most distributions come with a complete set of development tools, allowing installation of new software purely from source code. This setup also allows you to install software even if it does not exist in a pre-packaged form suitable for your system.

A list of common GNU software:

Bash: The GNU shell
GCC: The GNU C Compiler
GDB: The GNU Debugger
Coreutils: a set of basic UNIX-style utilities, such as ls, cat and chmod
Findutils: to search and find files
Fontutils: to convert fonts from one format to another or make new fonts
The Gimp: GNU Image Manipulation Program
Gnome: the GNU desktop environment
Emacs: a very powerful editor
Ghostscript and Ghostview: interpreter and graphical frontend for PostScript files.
GNU Photo: software for interaction with digital cameras
Octave: a programming language, primarily intended to perform numerical computations and image processing.
GNU SQL: relational database system
Radius: a remote authentication and accounting server

Many commercial applications are available for Linux. To install missing or new packages, you will need some form of software management. The most common implementations include RPM and dpkg. RPM is the RedHat Package Manager, which is used on a variety of Linux systems, even though the name does not suggest this. Dpkg is the Debian package management system, which uses an interface called apt-get, that can manage RPM packages as well. Novell Ximian Red Carpet is a third party implementation of RPM with a graphical front-end. Other third party software vendors may have their own installation procedures, sometimes resembling the InstallShield and such, as known on MS Windows and other platforms. As you advance into Linux, you will likely get in touch with one or more of these programs.

Introduction to Linux

2011-05-28T19:32:00.000+05:30

A Hands on Guide

INTRODUCTION

USER INTERFACE

PROPERTIES

LINUX AND GNU

USES OF LINUX

APPLICATIONS OF LINUX

INTRODUCTION :

· Linux is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide personal computer users a free or very low-cost operating system comparable to traditional and usually more expensive Unix systems. It is a very efficient and fast-performing system. Linux's kernel is the central part of the operating system.

· key differences between Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems are :

(i) Linux is an open-source operating system. The advantages of open-source products range is security. With the source code readily available in the public domain, open-source products can be vigorously tested by programmers all over the world.

This is much more difficult with a closed system like Microsoft Windows because the source code is not publicly available.

(ii) Linux is based on the Unix operating system, while Windows is a proprietary or stand-alone operating system.

USER INTERFACE : Unlike many other operating systems, Linux runs extremely well on standard VGA 80x24 terminals. Linux's terminal interface provides speed and ease-of-use still unmatched by GUIs. Linux uses mature, powerful shells such as tcsh and bash, which elegantly display and manipulate text at blazing speeds on any PC. Linux's text mode support is particularly appropriate for portables with small screens, slower processors, and little memory. The reduced requirements for character-mode displays also enables Linux to run very well off of floppy drives, which has great utility for creating bootable emergency repair disks or running Linux on non-Linux PCs. Linux's text mode support is inappropriate for graphical applications like Netscape or WYSIWYG word processors, but is superior for system administration and text editing tasks due to its versatility, speed, and uniform support.

Linux supports a wide number of X-Windows servers on large monitors at resolutions up to 1600x1200. Linux's X-Windows client-server technology offers the best capability of displaying graphical applications locally which run remotely. X-Windows is also notable for the extreme amount of customization available through resource files. Linux provides more powerful and flexible desktop interface options than most other operating systems.

PROPERTIES :

· Linux is portable to any hardware platform.

· Linux is scalable.

· Linux is secure and versatile.

· The Linux OS and quite some Linux applications have very short debugs.

· Linux runs without rebooting all the time.

LINUX AND GNU : GNU is often used with a kernel called Linux. The combination of GNU and Linux is the GNU/Linux operating system. The FSF started developing GNU by writing things like compliers, C libraries, and basic command line utilities before the kernel. Linus Torvalds, started Linux by writing the Linux kernel first and using applications written for GNU.

USES OF LINUX:

Unix workstation :

· X windows

· NFS

Software Development:

· GNU development environment

· C,C++, Ada

· Java

· Many others

File Server :

· Unix, Windows and NetWare

Internet :

· Web Server

· News Server

· Firewall

APPLICATIONS OF LINUX :

Current application of Linux systems

o On the server side, Linux is well-known as a stable and reliable platform, providing database and trading services for companies.

o Internet providers and Internet service providers have grown fond of Linux as firewall, proxy- and web server.

o Clusters of Linux machines are used in the creation of movies such as "Titanic", "Shrek" and others.

o In post offices, they are the nerve centers that route mail and in large search engine, clusters are used to perform internet searches.

o These are only a few of the thousands of heavy-duty jobs that Linux is performing day-to-day across the world.

o It is also worth to note that modern Linux not only runs on workstations, mid- and high-end servers, but also on "gadgets" like PDA's, mobiles, a shipload of embedded applications and even on experimental wristwatches.

o This makes Linux the only operating system in the world covering such a wide range of hardware.

JAVA FUNDAMENTALS

2011-05-28T19:31:00.000+05:30

Certain concepts of java which are considerably the basics of java are the concept of strings, serialization, synchronization, threads, method overriding, method overloading, multiple inheritance are discussed.

Strings :

1. Searching a String

String string = "aString";

// First occurrence.

int index = string.indexOf('S'); // 1

// Last occurrence.

index = string.lastIndexOf('i'); // 4

// Not found.

index = string.lastIndexOf('z'); // -1

2. Connecting to a Database and Strings Handling

Constructing a String

If you are constructing a string with several appends, it may be more efficient to construct it using a StringBuffer and then convert it to an immutable String object.

StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("Initial Text");

// Modify

int index = 1;

buf.insert(index, "abc");

buf.append("def");

// Convert to string

String s = buf.toString();

Getting a Substring from a String

int start = 1;

int end = 4;

String substr = "aString".substring(start, end); // Str

Serialization :

3. What is the difference between Serializalble and Externalizable interface?

When you use Serializable interface, your class is serialized automatically by default. But you can override writeObject() and readObject()two methods to control more complex object serailization process. When you use Externalizable interface, you have a complete control over your class's serialization process.

4. How many methods in the Externalizable interface?

There are two methods in the Externalizable interface. You have to implement these two methods in order to make your class externalizable. These two methods are readExternal() and writeExternal().

5. How many methods in the Serializable interface?

There is no method in the Serializable interface. The Serializable interface acts as a marker, telling the object serialization tools that your class is serializable.

6. How to make a class or a bean serializable?

By implementing either the java.io.Serializable interface, or the java.io.Externalizable interface. As long as one class in a class's inheritance hierarchy implements Serializable or Externalizable, that class is serializable.

7. What is the serialization?

The serialization is a kind of mechanism that makes a class or a bean persistence by having its properties or fields and state information saved and restored to and from storage.

8. What is Serialization and deserialization?

Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the process of restoring these objects.

9 How many methods do u implement if implement the Serializable Interface?

The Serializable interface is just a "marker" interface, with no methods of its own to implement.

10. What is a transient variable?

A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized. If you don't want some field not to be serialized, you can mark that field transient or static.

11. How many methods do u implement if implement the Serializable Interface?

The Serializable interface is just a "marker" interface, with no methods of its own to implement.

Synchronization :

12. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?

Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A thread only executes a synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's object or class. Synchronized

statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized statement.

13. What is synchronization and why is it important?

With respect to multithreading, synchronization is the capability to control the access of multiple threads to shared resources. Without synchronization, it is possible for one thread to modify a shared object while another thread is in the process of using or updating that object's value. This often causes dirty data and leads to significant errors.

14. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy?

The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character-oriented, and the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy is byte-oriented.

Thread :

15. What are the disadvantages of using threads?

Deadlocks.

16. What happens when a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?

If a thread attempts to execute a synchronized method or synchronized statement and is unable to acquire an object's lock, it enters the waiting state until the lock becomes available.

17. How does multithreading take place on a computer with a single CPU?

The operating system's task scheduler allocates execution time to multiple tasks. By quickly switching between executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute.

Method Overloading & Overriding :

18. What restrictions are placed on method overriding?

Overridden methods must have the same name, argument list, and return type. The overriding method may not limit the access of the method it overrides. The overriding method may not throw any exceptions that

may not be thrown by the overridden method.

19. What restrictions are placed on method overloading?

Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.

20. How are this() and super() used with constructors?

this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class. super() is used to invoke a superclass constructor.

21. What are the Object and Class classes used for?

The Object class is the highest-level class in the Java class hierarchy. The Class class is used to represent the classes and interfaces that are loaded by a Java program.

Multiple Inheritance :

22. Can you write Java code for declaration of multiple inheritance in Java ?

Class C extends A implements B

{

}

23. What do you mean by multiple inheritance in C++ ?

Multiple inheritance is a feature in C++ by which one class can be of different types. Say class teachingAssistant is inherited from two classes say teacher and Student.

24. How can you achieve Multiple Inheritance in Java?

Java's interface mechanism can be used to implement multiple inheritance, with one important difference from c++ way of doing MI: the inherited interfaces must be abstract. This obviates the need to choose between different implementations, as with interfaces there are no implementations.

25. What do you mean by virtual methods?

virtual methods are used to use the polymorphism feature in C++. Say class A is inherited from class B. If we declare say function f() as virtual in class B and override the same function in class A then at runtime appropriate method of the class will be called depending upon the type of the object.

26. What do you mean by static methods?

By using the static method there is no need creating an object of that class to use that method. We can directly call that method on that class. For example, say class A has static function f(), then we can call f()

function as A.f(). There is no need of creating an object of class A.

27. What do mean by polymorphism, inheritance, encapsulation?

Polymorphism: is a feature of OOPL that at run time depending upon the type of object the appropriate method is called.

Inheritance: is a feature of OOP that represents the "is a" relationship between different objects(classes).

Say in real life a manager is a employee. So in OOP manger class is inherited from the employee class.

Encapsulation: is a feature of OOP that is used to hide the information.

28. Are there any other 'marker' interfaces?

java.rmi.Remote

java.util.EventListener

29. What does the "final" keyword mean in front of a variable?

A method? A class?

FINAL for a variable : value is constant

FINAL for a method : cannot be overridden

FINAL for a class : cannot be derived.

30. Name four methods every Java class will have.

public String toString();

public Object clone();

public boolean equals();

public int hashCode();

Core Java Interview Questions

2011-05-28T19:27:00.000+05:30

Core Java deals with the basics of java which is increasingly used for middleware applications to communicate between Server and clients. Java has features such as multithreading, portability and networking capabilities. Changes in the java library made java as a favorite programming language for developers it added functionality to their scripts.

1) State some advantages of Java?

Platform independence is the key feature of Java during runtime. Syntax of java is similar to the popular object oriented languages such as C and C++. Java program can eliminate most of the bugs present in the program. Manual memory allocation and de allocation feature present in Java is automated.

2) State the main difference between C++ and Java?

The main difference between C++ and Java lies in multiple inheritances. Java Meta class model has a better solution than C++. Persistent objects can be implemented by features such as object serialization and reflection mechanism. GUI can be implemented easily.

3) Explain about the security aspect of Java?

Java has some bugs in its applets. Java team stated that they have zero tolerance over security features and subsequent editions of Java are improving Bug free environment. Some of the features are overriding the runtime stack, disallowing the corruption of memory outside its own process, reading or writing on local files where it is actually forbidden to do these processes, etc.

4) Explain about the interpreter in Java?

Machines should have Java interpreter for the Java byte code to get executed. Linking is a very easy process and this feature helps while developing applications. Java compiler which is available with software development kit is a bit slower in execution of scripts.

5) Explain about the performance aspects of Core Java?

Performance of interpreted byte codes is enough but it can be improved much more than that. Byte codes are translated into machine language within no time, this speed of execution can be achieved during application compiling time. JIT compilers are also present which compile the byte codes into native code.

6) Explain about the dynamic behavior of core java?

This language was designed to adapt the changing environment and behavior. New methods and instance variables can be added to the client side without any major changes happening at the client end. This function is very important for GUI builders, pluggable components, debuggers and object database.

7 ) Explain about Java SDK?

Java SDK is not so comfortable with people used to command line interpreter. IDEs include compilers, editors, debugging facilities, drag and drop techniques, etc. This compiler strives to generate hundreds of lines in code UI. This platform may become a universal platform.

8) What are the three best choices for development environment?

The three best choices for development environment include.
1) Java SDK and text editor can be a perfect choice.
2) Java SDK and a text editor which is built within the SDK.
3) Using IDE such as free Forte community edition.

9) Explain about Class in Java?

In Java every thing exists within a class. It defines the behavior of the class and its characteristics. Java applications and applets are built in the class. Rules present for class name are generous and some of the basic rules are names should start with a letter after that letter they can have any combination of letters and digits. It can contain names to any length.

10) Explain about data types?

Variables declared should have a declared type. Out of the eight data types four data types are integer, two are floating type integers, one is character type out of which one is Boolean and the other Unicode. Core Java is known to be a strong typed language.

11) Explain about assignment statement?

After declaring a variable, it should be initialized explicitly. Uninitialized variable can never be used. To a declared variable you must assign a variable name on the left, equal sign and a java expression should have a appropriate value to the right.

12) Give the difference between the println method and sqrt method?

Println method operates on the object system.out and has the value which should be printed namely y. sqrt method is a static method. It does not operate on any object. It has the number stored in x for which the square toot should be found out.

13) Explain about strings in Java?

Strings represent nothing but a string of characters. Java does not have any built in string type. It contains predefined class which can be called enough as a String. Instance of a string is called as a string. Much similar to many object oriented languages a + sign is used.

14) Explain the reason behind ending a program with a

System. exit (0)?

The reason behind ending a program with System.exit (0) involves technicalities. When main method exits the new thread automatically does not end. The appearance of this thread is because of dialog box functionality. System.exit ends all the methods.

15) Explain about inheritance hierarchies?

An inheritance hierarchy has a collection of all classes which fall under the main class. Inheritance chain defines the path from where all the sub classes originated and their relation ship. Controller normally handles user input. Inheritance hierarchy is very important in software modeling.

16) Explain about the select method with an example?

Select part is useful in selecting text or part of the text. Arguments specified for the select command are the same as applicable to substring. First index is usually represents the start of the index. End of line makers are counted as one character.

Example t.select (10,15)

What Is Java?

2011-05-28T19:25:00.000+05:30

Java is a computer programming language. It enables programmers to write computer instructions using English based commands, instead of having to write in numeric codes. It’s known as a “high-level” language because it can be read and written easily by humans. Like English, Java has a set of rules that determine how the instructions are written. These rules are known as its “syntax”. Once a program has been written, the high-level instructions are translated into numeric codes that computers can understand and execute.

Why Choose Java?

Java was designed with a few key principles in mind:

Easy to Use: The fundamentals of Java came from a programming language called c++. Although a powerful language, it was felt to be too complex in its syntax, and inadequate for all of Java's requirements. Java built on, and improved the ideas of c++, to provide a programming language that was powerful and simple to use.

Reliability: Java needed to reduce the likelihood of fatal errors from programmer mistakes. With this in mind, object-oriented programming was introduced. Once data and its manipulation were packaged together in one place, it increased Java’s robustness.

Secure: As Java was originally targeting mobile devices that would be exchanging data over networks, it was built to include a high level of security. Java is probably the most secure programming language to date.

Platform Independent: Programs needed to work regardless of the machine they were being executed on. Java was written to be a portable language that doesn't care about the operating system or the hardware of the computer.

Buzz words of java are simple, secure, robust, portable, object-oriented, multithreaded, Architecture-neutral, interpreted, high performance, distributed, dynamic which are used to make java as a platform independent language.

The team at Sun Microsystems were successful in combining these key principles, and Java's popularity can be traced to it being a robust, secure, easy to use, and portable language.

Java Applications :

Java allows you to play online games, chat with people around the world, calculate your mortgage interest, and view images in 3D, just to name a few. It's also integral to the intranet applications and other e-business solutions that are the foundation of corporate computing.

LAB SOFTWARES

2011-05-28T19:23:00.000+05:30

Lab software’s for different streams like IT, Cse, Ece, Mechanical etc.

Codes for different Lab software’s like Turboc2, Turboc3,Unix, Java,

Oracle, Masm etc.

http://www.mediafire.com/file/5ui8k0...amStudio20.zip

Exam View Pro

http://www.mediafire.com/file/2cokvl...iewInstall.zip

MAT LAB
2010 Code:

http://forum.jntuworld.com/showthread.php?5651-Mathworks-Matlab-2010-ISO-32-64-Bit

OR
2009 Code:

http://forum.jntuworld.com/showthread.php?5649-Mathworks-Matlab-R2009b

SQL BASICS

2011-05-28T19:17:00.000+05:30

Structured Query Language (SQL) is the most widely used commercial relational database language. The SQL basic concepts such as its basic form, where, having clauses, database tables, join, normalization operations, constraints, functional dependency, trigger, index covering of a query, SQL view are also the most common SQL interview questions which are discussed in brief.

1. What is the difference between a "where" clause and a "having" clause? –

"Where" is a kind of restriction statement. You use where clause to restrict all the data from DB. Where clause is using before result retrieving. But Having clause is using after retrieving the data. Having clause is a kind of filtering command.

2. What is the basic form of a SQL statement to read data out of a table?

The basic form to read data out of table is

‘SELECT * FROM table_ name;

Answer:

‘SELECT * FROM table_ name WHERE xyz= ‘whatever’;’

cannot be called basic form because of WHERE clause.

3. What structure can you implement for the database to speed up table reads?

Follow the rules of DB tuning we have to:

(a) properly use indexes ( different types of indexes)

(b) properly locate different DB objects across different table spaces, files.

(c) create a special space (table space) to locate some of the data with special data type ( for example CLOB, LOB and …)

4. What are the tradeoffs with having indexes?

a). Faster selects, slower updates.

b). Extra storage space to store indexes.

Updates are slower because in addition to updating the table you have to update the index.

5. What is a "join"?

‘join’ used to connect two or more tables logically with or without common field.

6. What is "normalization"? "De normalization"? Why do you sometimes want to de normalize?

Normalizing data means eliminating redundant information from a table and organizing the data so that future changes to the table are easier. De normalization means allowing redundancy in a table. The main benefit of de normalization is improved performance with simplified data retrieval and manipulation. This is done by reduction in the number of joins needed for data processing.

7. What is a "constraint"?

A constraint allows you to apply simple referential integrity checks to a table. There are four primary types of constraints that are currently supported by SQL Server: PRIMARY/UNIQUE - enforces uniqueness of a particular table column. DEFAULT - specifies a default value for a column in case an insert operation does not provide one. FOREIGN KEY - validates that every value in a column exists in a column of another table. CHECK - checks that every value stored in a column is in some specified list. Each type of constraint performs a specific type of action. Default is not a constraint. NOT NULL is one more constraint which does not allow values in the specific column to be null. And also it the only constraint which is not a table level constraint.

8. What types of index data structures can you have?

An index helps to faster search values in tables. The three most commonly used index-types are: - B-Tree: builds a tree of possible values with a list of row IDs that have the leaf value. Needs a lot of space and is the default index type for most databases. - Bitmap: string of bits for each possible value of the column. Each bit string has one bit for each row. Needs only few space and is very fast.(however, domain of value cannot be large, e.g. SEX(m,f); degree(BS,MS,PHD) - Hash: A hashing algorithm is used to assign a set of characters to represent a text string such as a composite of keys or partial keys, and compresses the underlying data. Takes longer to build and is supported by relatively few databases.

9. What is a "primary key"?

A PRIMARY INDEX or PRIMARY KEY is something which comes mainly from
database theory. From its behavior is almost the same as an UNIQUE INDEX, i.e. there may only be one of each value in this column. If you call such an INDEX PRIMARY instead of UNIQUE, you say something about
your table design, which I am not able to explain in few words. Primary Key is a type of a constraint enforcing uniqueness and data integrity for each row of a table. All columns participating in a primary key constraint must possess the NOT NULL property.

10. What is a "functional dependency"? How does it relate to database table design?

Functional dependency relates to how one object depends upon the other in the database. for example, procedure/function sp2 may be called by procedure sp1. Then we say that sp1 has functional dependency on sp2.

11. What is a "trigger"?

Triggers are stored procedures created in order to enforce integrity rules in a database. A trigger is executed every time a data-modification operation occurs (i.e., insert, update or delete). Triggers are executed automatically on occurrence of one of the data-modification operations. A trigger is a database object directly associated with a particular table. It fires whenever a specific statement/type of statement is issued against that table. The types of statements are insert, update, delete and query statements. Basically, trigger is a set of SQL statements A trigger is a solution to the restrictions of a constraint. For instance:

(i). A database column cannot carry PSEUDO columns as criteria where a trigger can.

(ii). A database constraint cannot refer old and new values for a row where a trigger can.

12. Why can a "group by" or "order by" clause be expensive to process?

Processing of "group by" or "order by" clause often requires creation of Temporary tables to process the results of the query. Which depending of the result set can be very expensive.

13. What is "index covering" of a query?

Index covering means that "Data can be found only using indexes, without touching the tables"

14. What is a SQL view?

An output of a query can be stored as a view. View acts like small table which meets our criterion. View is a precompiled SQL query which is used to select data from one or more tables. A view is like a table but it doesn’t physically take any space. View is a good way to present data in a particular format if you use that query quite often. View can also be used to restrict users from accessing the tables directly.

Various Branches of information technology are :

2011-05-28T19:15:00.000+05:30

Various Branches of information technology are :

· Computer science.

· Information technology.

· Information and Communication.

· Computer engineering

Computer science :

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and with practical techniques for their implementation and application.

Computer science or computing science (CS) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems. Computer scientists invent algorithmic processes that create, describe, and transform information and formulate suitable abstractions to model complex systems.

Information technology:

Information

Information in its most restricted technical sense is an ordered sequence of symbols that record or transmit a message. It can be recorded as signs, or conveyed as signals by waves. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. As a concept, however, information has numerous meanings. Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.

Communication

Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication.

Communication can occur across vast distances in time and space. Communication requires that the communicating parties share an area of communicative commonality. The communication process is complete once the receiver has understood the sender.

Computer engineering :

Computer engineering, also called computer systems engineering, is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer systems. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering, software design, and hardware-software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering. Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.

Information technology (IT) is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications.

The study or use of systems (esp. computers, telecommunications) for storing, retrieving, and sending information. The branch of engineering that deals with the use of computers and telecommunications to retrieve and store and transmit information.

Includes both hardware and software. The term "IT" encompasses the methods and techniques used in information handling and retrieval by automatic means. The means include computers, telecommunications and office systems or any combination of these elements. The industry or discipline involving the collection, dissemination, and management of data, typically through the use of computers.

Information and Communication :

Opportunities After B.E/B.Tech

2011-05-28T19:11:00.000+05:30

There is a great change in the Job scenario in the last decade.
• Growth of service sector, especially IT. In spite of the recent recession in the US economy, IT has been growing at an explosive rate with the requirement for skilled manpower in this sector desperately falling short of demand. As a result, countries that face such a shortage are busy recruiting manpower (on work permits) from countries, which have an adequate supply.

• In this era of global village, a person today is a global citizen going and living where his/her career aspirations take him/her. One’s country of birth is no longer the default choice to pursue a career in. Thus, we have people born in one corner of the world migrating and pursuing successful careers in another part of the world.

• Knowledge about Information, Communication and Entertainment, commonly referred to as the ICE Age has become increasingly important, rather inevitable for the students, specifically with the onset of IT.

• The focus today is on acquiring multiple skills and cross functionality rather than specializations: Today organizations are not made up of different departments each of them having a focused task and a limited role; instead today they are made up of teams. These teams consist of people who although have specialized skills but have to synergize their efforts in achieving a common goal.

• Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) are also opening new opportunities for different people. Procedures like deli censing encourage entrepreneurial activity, which leads to a lot more people taking initiative and exploiting their talents to their fullest potential. It is astonishing how many 21-year-old millionaires exist today and it is anybody’s guess how many more are expected tomorrow.

• Increasing presence of women in the working force plus increasing presence of women in areas traditionally considered male bastions for e.g. the armed forces.

• As the standard of living is increasing throughout the world; people are moving away from pure monetary considerations while considering a career. True, monetary considerations are still very important, but the weight age of other factors like emotional satisfaction, spiritual fulfillment etc. is increasing. Furthermore acceptance of these factors in a career decision is universally increasing and today a parent is more considerate and open, if his/her teenager states the desire to become a DJ, instead of a Chartered Accountant.

• Increase in pay packages plus increase in working hours but with increased flexibility.

• It has been propounded by most of the management gurus that emphasis of the next decade would shift from design and technology to happiness and aesthetics, clearly indicating the trend that one's job should match one's potential and interest rather than be decided on one's whims and fancies and dictates of peers and the available norms. Consequently there has been increased job/career switching for various reasons ranging from growth prospects to personal factors like need for creativity etc.

Thread Programming using its methods

2011-05-28T19:08:00.000+05:30

A simple Java program for creating threads by using threads concept along with it’s methods. As Java applications and applets are naturally threaded. The runtime environment starts execution of the program with the main() method in one thread. Garbage collection takes place in another thread. Screen updating occurs in a third thread. There may be other threads running as well, mostly related to the behavior of the virtual machine. All of this happens invisibly to the programmer. The simplest reason for adding a separate thread is to perform a long calculation. Any operation that is going to take a noticeable period of time should be placed in its own thread.

The other reason to use threading is to more evenly divide the computer's power among different tasks. With threads you can set the priority of different processes.

Using Multithreading:

Java is inherently multi-threaded. A single Java program can have many different threads executing independently and continuously. Three Java applets on the same page can run together with each getting equal time from the CPU with very little extra effort on the part of the programmer.
This makes Java very responsive to user input. It also helps to contribute to Java's robustness and provides a mechanism whereby the Java environment can ensure that a malicious applet doesn't steal all of the host's CPU cycles.

AIM: Java program using Thread and its methods.

Program:

class first extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

for( int i=1;i<=10;i++)

{

System.out.println("First thread i= "+i);

if(i==3)

yield();

}

System.out.println("End of first thread");

}

class second extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

try

{

for( int j=1;j<=10;j++)

{

System.out.println("second thread j= "+j);

if(j==4)

sleep(1000);

}

catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println("error");

}

System.out.println("End of second thread");

}

class third extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

for( int k=1;k<=10;k++)

{

System.out.println("Third thread k= "+k);

if(k==5)

{

System.out.println("End of third thread");

stop();

}

class ThreadDemo

{

public static void main(String [ ]args)

{

first f=new first();

second s=new second();

third t=new third();

f.start();

s.start();

t.start();

}

Java program using Thread and its methods.

2011-05-28T19:06:00.001+05:30

A simple Java program for creating threads by using threads concept along with it’s methods. As Java applications and applets are naturally threaded. The runtime environment starts execution of the program with the main() method in one thread. Garbage collection takes place in another thread. Screen updating occurs in a third thread. There may be other threads running as well, mostly related to the behavior of the virtual machine. All of this happens invisibly to the programmer. The simplest reason for adding a separate thread is to perform a long calculation. Any operation that is going to take a noticeable period of time should be placed in its own thread.

The other reason to use threading is to more evenly divide the computer's

power among different tasks. With threads you can set the priority of different processes.

Using Multithreading:

This makes Java very responsive to user input. It also helps to contribute to Java's robustness and provides a mechanism whereby the Java environment can ensure that a malicious applet doesn't steal all of the host's CPU cycles.

Program:

class first extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

for( int i=1;i<=10;i++)

{

System.out.println("First thread i= "+i);

if(i==3)

yield();

}

System.out.println("End of first thread");

}

class second extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

try

{

for( int j=1;j<=10;j++)

{

System.out.println("second thread j= "+j);

if(j==4)

sleep(1000);

}

catch(Exception e)

{

System.out.println("error");

}

System.out.println("End of second thread");

}

class third extends Thread

{

public void run()

{

for( int k=1;k<=10;k++)

{

System.out.println("Third thread k= "+k);

if(k==5)

{

System.out.println("End of third thread");

stop();

}

class ThreadDemo

{

public static void main(String [ ]args)

{

first f=new first();

second s=new second();

third t=new third();

f.start();

s.start();

t.start();

}

Learning Java Programming Via Android - Lesson 3, Part 3

2011-05-28T19:05:00.000+05:30

Java : Multi Threading Types & Methods

2011-05-28T19:04:00.001+05:30

Java : Multi Threading

2011-05-28T19:04:00.000+05:30

Java : Creating Threads

2011-05-28T19:03:00.002+05:30

Exception Handling in Java, Java Exception Handling Examples - wingslive

2011-05-28T19:03:00.001+05:30

IT (Information Technology) Career Path Guideline

2011-05-28T19:03:00.000+05:30

Resume Writing Tips

2011-05-28T19:01:00.000+05:30

The application process for almost every job in the IT sector requires a candidate to submit his resume/CV. Many employers will discount a potential candidate based on the visual appearance of their CV. It is therefore crucial to structure and present your CV in a professional manner and keep a description of any work experience or previous employment history concise. Resume writing can seem like an intimidating task, but it’s actually easier than one thinks. A resume only has to focus the interest of the potential employer.

* A CV should not be more than two A4 pages long and should clearly highlight ones IT and technical skills.

* A generic CV will not fully demonstrate ones suitability to the job nor will it show an employer any enthusiasm.

* Start by researching the companies that interest you.

* Then read publications or websites directly related to your target industry.

* If the particular requirements that are frequently mentioned, use these requirements as keywords throughout your resume.

* Detail your previous project/internship or job experience.

* Think about your background and past experiences.

* Take what you learnt in your institution and apply it to the job you seek.

* Emphasize relevant skills and related accomplishments. If you have degrees, certifications, or specialized training, note it.

* Try to include any related unpaid work that you have done, such as internships.

* Whatever you do, don't list your hobbies unless they directly apply.

* Concentrate only on what demonstrates your value; leave everything else out.

* As you are writing, try not to use the same words over and over.

* Avoiding repetition, will make your resume more exciting.

* Use of action words in the resume is recommended. words like accomplished, achieved, attained, completed, created, delivered, demonstrated, enhanced, expanded, improved, increased, managed, obtained, performed, produced, secured, succeeded and surpassed etc., may be used.

* Make sure everything is neatly typed and spelled correctly.

* Your resume should be eye-catching without being flashy, it should be easy to read.

* If you need ideas for layout and structure, find resume samples online or go to the library and study a book.

* When your resume is finished, read it over carefully and make sure that it properly demonstrates your value as an employee.

If so, you have written an effective invitation to the employers. All you need to do now is sit back and wait for the call for an Interview.

2011-05-28T18:58:00.000+05:30

Different specializations of jobs available in information technology are in the areas of databases, office information systems, local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the internet and programming. Within the IT sector, there are hundreds of different types of jobs ranging from programming to web design to project management to IT-support. In order to get your first foot on the ladder in the IT industry it is likely that you will require an IT-related degree. Many new entrants into the IT need to learn and master the subjects like Web development or web design, Multimedia design, Digital media development, Web content management, Computer Architecture, Networking, Business information systems and Computer programming etc., Some of the career options that can be opted by Information Technology professionals are briefly outlined here under 4 categories.

Software and Hardware Engineers

Information technology engineers work on various processes, both hardware and software. They aid in creating the hardware equipment needed for creating the computer systems. Hardware engineers create, test and supervise systems that run the computers and enable processes. They ensure that hardware systems are up and running at all times without interrupting the flow of work. Software engineers design and develop software applications that aid businesses, run multiple processes in an automated manner. The discipline of software engineering covers tools, knowledge and methods to define software requirements and to perform computer programming, software design, user interface design, software maintenance tasks and software testing. Software engineering also encompasses the knowledge from different fields like computer engineering, computer science, mathematics, management, quality management, project management, system engineering and software ergonomics. A career in software engineering can be very rewarding as there is demand for software engineers across the industries.

The above jobs may involve the activities such as studying client processes to determine their needs for software and hardware, managing a team of developers and engineers involved in design and development of software processes, monitoring systems, controlling quality, maintaining supplies and evaluation of various flows and processes. Fresh Graduates can start as junior or support engineers. Candidates with over 3-4 years of experience can be considered for the role of Project Leader/Manager. Project Managers generally play a supervisory role and mange a team of computer engineers and information technology specialists. Most technology firms also offer comprehensive internship program that serves as a breeding ground for aspiring information technology professionals.

IT Consultants :

Information Technology professionals are increasingly being sought to play the role of consultants to various businesses. They study the processes like supply chain, inventory management etc and recommend information technology based solutions that will basically make the process error free, simpler and quicker. Information technology based consultants are required across various industry segments right up to government organizations. Entrepreneurial information technology consultants can also set up their own consulting firms and advice clients independently on how the information technology can help their business and augment profits. Information technology professionals can branch out with their own consultancy after a minimum of 5-10 years of experience in the related areas of information technology.

Network Administrator:

A Network Administrator can work from high schools to big corporations. Their role can be very challenging with multitasking components. Their goal is to run a smoothly functioning computer network—free of bugs, glitches, and interruptions. Example of what a network administrator may do during his day can include computer software; get computer/network up and running it again after it crashes; set up new devices and solving computer problems on a consistent basis. This job provides hands on experience on working on networks and administration.

Database Specialist :

A database specialist creates, customizes and maintains database applications for businesses. They incorporate not only programming but also planning and design working with popular database applications such as SQL and Access. Their database programs may range from reporting POS transactions, customer details or web-based applications. Database specialization is a growing area of expertise within IT as well as one very well paid.

Current IT Job Prospects in India

2011-05-28T18:54:00.000+05:30

Today, among all the Asian countries in the world, India has some of the most promising and bright job prospects to its fold. It is a great fact to be acknowledged that India is the only third world country to have such a boom in its employment and hiring industry. It is no wonder that in the present scenario even with a high rate of inflation, the job prospects here are still to rise. At present, even with the economic slowdown, India has flooding employment opportunities while having a tremendous scope of widening its career and job prospects.

India has the most appealing and striking job opportunities in countless number of fields from BPO and KPO services, IT (Information Technology) jobs, sales and marketing, HR executives, administration jobs, banking and finance, insurance, media, aviation and hospitality to outsourcing and content writing jobs. The capital city of India , New Delhi is known for having the best BPO and KPO job prospects with the largest number of leading BPOs such as Wipro, Global Vantage, Teleperformance, HCL, IBM, Converges, Genpact as well as the best KPO companies.

The IT employment prospects for India continue to grow as the Indian Companies have successfully shown signs of business growth despite global economy. companies are looking for IT professionals with all the right job skills to help them rise above their competition. IT professionals such as Developers, programmers, and technicians need to be creative and innovative enough to develop software methods and materials that are unique and exclusive in the saturated software market.

In the present job scenario one has to possess many skills Also, the skill has to be continuously upgraded and updated. The field of Engineering is regarded as one of the most significant components of the Indian economy. Undoubtedly it is the backbone of Indian employment market. Indian IT market generating tremendous employment opportunities for engineers now-a-days.

Engineers are expected to perform the skillful tasks that can help run the basic machinery of any firm. India is famed for producing some of the most competent and skilled engineers at a global platform. Engineers are offered good salary packages and are paid with additional incentives which further intensify the growth graphs in the particular field.