<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322</id><updated>2024-03-20T04:46:24.215-07:00</updated><category term="sistemi"/><category term="motor"/><category term="parçaları"/><category term="dizel"/><category term="piston"/><category term="şarj"/><category term="AŞIRI"/><category term="BESLEME"/><category term="FRENLER"/><category term="GÖREVLERİ"/><category term="KAVRAMALAR"/><category term="MEKANİZMASI"/><category term="SEGMANLAR"/><category term="SUPAP"/><category term="SUPAPLAR"/><category term="SÜSPANSİYON"/><category term="TURBO"/><category term="TURBOŞARJ"/><category term="Wankel"/><category term="aktarma"/><category term="araç"/><category term="aydınlatma"/><category term="bakımlar"/><category term="belgeler"/><category term="bilgileri"/><category term="bilgisi"/><category term="borpower"/><category term="dizayn"/><category term="dönüşümü"/><category term="düzen"/><category term="gerekli"/><category term="güç"/><category term="hararet"/><category term="ikaz"/><category term="için"/><category term="krank"/><category term="lpg"/><category term="marş"/><category term="mili"/><category term="motoru"/><category term="neden"/><category term="nedir"/><category term="organları"/><category term="prensibi"/><category term="radyatör"/><category term="radyotör"/><category term="rulmanlar"/><category term="silindir"/><category term="soğutma"/><category term="yapar"/><category term="yağlama"/><category term="çalışma"/><category term="çeşitleri"/><category term="ön"/><category term="şanzıman"/><title type='text'>MOTOR BİLGİLERİ - MOTOR BLOG</title><subtitle type='html'>motor ile ilgili herşeyi bulabileceğiniz yeni bir webblogudur.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>37</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-7541969666961269261</id><published>2012-01-29T12:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-29T12:08:27.846-08:00</updated><title type='text'>motor yağı ne zaman değştirilmelidir ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOSw10obi6Fd9rjfch583yWJ4YsFChEp4x5z1W4qHFdB3PmwBGTRI-CeB-QRsKZNtb8_OrDtx6t_RKApRxc9124vshNtpU7lgbG8t5b8bLlNRwuGy14VVBqNEcyJsUQfdFG9Qmeg7eKXk/s1600/motor-yagi_99010.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOSw10obi6Fd9rjfch583yWJ4YsFChEp4x5z1W4qHFdB3PmwBGTRI-CeB-QRsKZNtb8_OrDtx6t_RKApRxc9124vshNtpU7lgbG8t5b8bLlNRwuGy14VVBqNEcyJsUQfdFG9Qmeg7eKXk/s320/motor-yagi_99010.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Motor yağlarının motora koyulduktan sonra &lt;b&gt;10.000-15.000 km&lt;/b&gt; ömrü vardır ve 2 yıl boyunca bu verilen km yi tamamlamadığınız takdirde bile motor yağınızı değiştiriniz.Motor yağını değiştirmeyi ertelemeyiniz.Eski yağ ile gitmeniz durumunda aracınızın aracınız güçten düşecek performans kaybı olacaktır ayrıca sürtünmeler en üst düzeyde olacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
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Motorunuzu ve arabanızı seviyorsanız motor yağı km yi tam tamamlamadan değiştirin ki motorunuzun ömrü daha da artsın.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/7541969666961269261/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/motor-yag-ne-zaman-degstirilmelidir.html#comment-form' title='3 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7541969666961269261'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7541969666961269261'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/motor-yag-ne-zaman-degstirilmelidir.html' title='motor yağı ne zaman değştirilmelidir ?'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQOSw10obi6Fd9rjfch583yWJ4YsFChEp4x5z1W4qHFdB3PmwBGTRI-CeB-QRsKZNtb8_OrDtx6t_RKApRxc9124vshNtpU7lgbG8t5b8bLlNRwuGy14VVBqNEcyJsUQfdFG9Qmeg7eKXk/s72-c/motor-yagi_99010.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-5765292000682531172</id><published>2012-01-29T12:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-29T12:01:19.055-08:00</updated><title type='text'>direksiyonda boşluk oluşması</title><content type='html'>çukur kasis gibi yerlere sert girilmesi sonucu oluşan rot ayarı bozukluğudur. mekanik bir arıza yoksa rot ayarı yaptırıp sorununuz hallocaktır.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/5765292000682531172/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/direksiyonda-bosluk-olusmas.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5765292000682531172'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5765292000682531172'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/direksiyonda-bosluk-olusmas.html' title='direksiyonda boşluk oluşması'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-7384091488943098171</id><published>2012-01-28T12:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T12:52:33.716-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Şanzıman ve şanzıman yağ değişimi , şanzıman yağ  kontrolü</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmmORfvTU8EumWGQTSe9vDd_uRHtofBlFqLZoGrbu0vXwoOGdA8Ffv0CyRY_-dzmuX8Cik21iPpHq49Vi7Lf_DCaS5ifsSyECPbdJk1cJU_ymbncqITqvLGA6Q3ooCFpSDydXUE4usC0O/s1600/080320audi01qi4.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;227&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmmORfvTU8EumWGQTSe9vDd_uRHtofBlFqLZoGrbu0vXwoOGdA8Ffv0CyRY_-dzmuX8Cik21iPpHq49Vi7Lf_DCaS5ifsSyECPbdJk1cJU_ymbncqITqvLGA6Q3ooCFpSDydXUE4usC0O/s320/080320audi01qi4.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Teknolojik bir tanım yapmak gerekirse ; şanzıman : motordan, baskı balata (Kavrama) yolu ile aldığı hareketi istenilen tork  değerinde, şaft veya diferansiyele ileten aktarma organıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Şanzıman yağı&lt;/b&gt; değiştirmek aklınızda ise aslında ustların demesine bakarsak şanzıman yağı değişmeyen bir yağmış.Ama araçların yetkili servisleri bu yağı değiştiriyor ne hikmetse. Ustaların dediği kendilerine göre haklı oldukları konu şanzıman yağı değiştirildiği zaman uğultu ve ses yaptığıdır. Bence dişli yağını tutturamıyorlar :D O yüzdende ekleme yapalım deyip gönderiyorlar yahu bu yağ kapalı kutu içerisinde ve &lt;b&gt;60.000 - 80.000&lt;/b&gt; km den bahsediyoruz bu yağ değişmez mi ? içeride kaç yıl geçirdi bu yağ ömrü yok mu bu yağın bla bla bla uzuyor laf :) uzun lafın kısası eksilme olmayan eksilme yapmayan bu şanzıman yağının tamamen değiştirilmesinde hiç bir sakınca yoktur yararı vardır. Piyasada bilinmiş yağ markalarından alırsınız koydurursunuz.Bu kadar basit...&lt;br /&gt;
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Eğer yağ seviyesini kontrol etmek isterseniz o biraz zor işte yada şöyle diyelim aracınız yağ kaçırmıyorsa saten seviye kontrolü yapmanıza gerek yok neden diye bir soru yöneliyor gibi :) çünkü yağ ne yanıyor nede herhangi bir nedenden dolayı eksilmiyor tabi keçelerden falan damlama yoksa aracınızda! bu nedenle yağ olduğu gibi duruyordur diyebiliriz. Kontrolünü yapacaksak onun nasıl yapıldığını bende bilmiyorum :D Elini deliğe falan sokuyosun falan bişeyler. Ama yağ damlattığını biliyorsanız zaten gidip yağ koydurmaya yola çıkacaksınız.Hemde yağ keçelerini düzelttirmeniz lazım.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/7384091488943098171/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/sanzman-ve-sanzman-yag-degisimi-sanzman.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7384091488943098171'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7384091488943098171'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/sanzman-ve-sanzman-yag-degisimi-sanzman.html' title='Şanzıman ve şanzıman yağ değişimi , şanzıman yağ  kontrolü'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjmmORfvTU8EumWGQTSe9vDd_uRHtofBlFqLZoGrbu0vXwoOGdA8Ffv0CyRY_-dzmuX8Cik21iPpHq49Vi7Lf_DCaS5ifsSyECPbdJk1cJU_ymbncqITqvLGA6Q3ooCFpSDydXUE4usC0O/s72-c/080320audi01qi4.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-8550723627710026099</id><published>2012-01-28T12:31:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T12:31:57.978-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Debriyaj Balatası</title><content type='html'>Debriyaj balatasının bittiğini kontrol etmek için aracı yokuşa alın ve 3. vitese takın sonra araç ileri doğru hamle yapıp stop ederse balatanızın daha ömrü var demektir. Eğer stop etmesse bilin ki debriyaj balatanızın değişme zamanı gelmiş.&lt;br /&gt;
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Bittiğinin belirtileri nelerdir ?&lt;br /&gt;
Arabanız devirlenip hızınız ona orantılı artmıyorsa bitiyor yada bitmiştir. &lt;br /&gt;
Debriyajınız altlarda kavrayıp daha sonraları üstlerde kavramaya başlamışsa.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/8550723627710026099/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/debriyaj-balatas.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8550723627710026099'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8550723627710026099'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/debriyaj-balatas.html' title='Debriyaj Balatası'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-925241019352746742</id><published>2012-01-27T23:54:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T23:54:05.698-08:00</updated><title type='text'>95-98-100 oktan benzin farkları</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRJJw2qWYejWPdPxogcOIRr1NdAZ2aLvYjPoREBzMrPU1iFBu34HsUqk-piGzsZFayanOPTsHHZMj1ZJsJ8PSy8YhMaB87bVq9hzFUlZkOc1-MeeyHRfpC5VD8Txyxkxej3W7uPXi7wNGT/s1600/_large_20110417104834-SETAN.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;243&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRJJw2qWYejWPdPxogcOIRr1NdAZ2aLvYjPoREBzMrPU1iFBu34HsUqk-piGzsZFayanOPTsHHZMj1ZJsJ8PSy8YhMaB87bVq9hzFUlZkOc1-MeeyHRfpC5VD8Txyxkxej3W7uPXi7wNGT/s320/_large_20110417104834-SETAN.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;Oktan sayısı:&lt;br /&gt;
Oktan sayısı benzinin vuruntuya karşı gösterdiği direncin bir göstergesidir. &lt;br /&gt;
Oktan sayısı ne kadar yüksek ise, benzinin kendi kendine tutuşma şansı o kadar azdır ve vuruntu olmaz. &lt;br /&gt;
İzo-oktandan (Saf oktan) meydana gelmiş olan bir benzinin oktan sayısı  100`dür ve normal heptan ise 0`dır bu iki kimyasal madde benzinin  içerisinde çeşitli oranlarda karışım halindedir.&lt;br /&gt;
Eğer benzin içerisinde bulunan oktan-heptan karışımının %80`i saf oktan ise bu benzinin oktan sayısı 80`dir. &lt;br /&gt;
Oktan sayısının ölçümü sürüş şartlarına bağlı olarak değişir. &lt;br /&gt;
Oktan sayısını ölçmek için iki yöntem vardır, araştırma yöntemi ve motor yöntemi. &lt;br /&gt;
Genellikle daha çok araştırma yöntemi kullanılır. &lt;br /&gt;
Araştırma yöntemine göre 90 oktan sayılı benzinlere normal benzin ve 95 oktan sayılı benzinlere süper benzin adı verilir.&lt;br /&gt;
Ham petrolün atmosferik şartlar altında damıtılmasıyla birlikte elde edilen benzinin oktan sayısı 40-70 arasındadır. &lt;br /&gt;
Ancak daha sonraki prosesler ile benzinin oktan sayısı 80 civarına kadar yükseltilir. &lt;br /&gt;
Bu ürünler daha sonra uygun oranlarda karıştırılırlar. &lt;br /&gt;
Ayrıca benzin içerisinde kurşun alaşımları, korozyonu engelleyici maddeler, katıklar ve deterjanlar bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/925241019352746742/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/95-98-100-oktan-benzin-farklar.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/925241019352746742'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/925241019352746742'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/95-98-100-oktan-benzin-farklar.html' title='95-98-100 oktan benzin farkları'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRJJw2qWYejWPdPxogcOIRr1NdAZ2aLvYjPoREBzMrPU1iFBu34HsUqk-piGzsZFayanOPTsHHZMj1ZJsJ8PSy8YhMaB87bVq9hzFUlZkOc1-MeeyHRfpC5VD8Txyxkxej3W7uPXi7wNGT/s72-c/_large_20110417104834-SETAN.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-8315136440066522381</id><published>2012-01-14T04:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-14T04:45:24.340-08:00</updated><title type='text'>yağ lambası yanıyor !</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdP57WWZ4g_ej6_gY3wrxyOEk3gKxAVERD7eomfg1ugyLLYXSZgy-atLKmGf5pxh20us4AecAxTXrLDVyiP6Xw_QvYSqeRQwYc4EIESstnzhqi8R6WfsswJAjD3L_4_9fqK3WQ5c-4Vn1H/s1600/dsc01498gj5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdP57WWZ4g_ej6_gY3wrxyOEk3gKxAVERD7eomfg1ugyLLYXSZgy-atLKmGf5pxh20us4AecAxTXrLDVyiP6Xw_QvYSqeRQwYc4EIESstnzhqi8R6WfsswJAjD3L_4_9fqK3WQ5c-4Vn1H/s320/dsc01498gj5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Öncelikle arabada yağ lambasının yanmasının sebebi yağ sirkülasyonunun olmayışını bize anlatmasıdır yani motor içine gerekli parçaların yağlanması sağlanmıyor anlamı taşımakta.ilk çalıştırmada yağ lambası 2-3 saniye olarak yanar ve motor çalışınca söner bu demektir ki motor içi parçalar yağlanıyor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yolda seyir halindeyken yağ lambasının yanması çok tehlikeli bir durumdur ve gözünüzün zamanla göstergelerde olması yararınızadır. eğer yağ lambası yanık vaziyette ilerlerseniz motorunuz yatak sarabilir aşınmalar çok fazla miktarda olacağından motora büyük zarar verecektir. yağ motorun herşeyidir. yağ müşürü arıza yapmışda olabilir yağ pompası arızalanmışta olabilir. en iyisi aracı uygun bir yere çekip servisinize başvurunuz.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/8315136440066522381/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/yag-lambas-yanyor.html#comment-form' title='10 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8315136440066522381'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8315136440066522381'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/yag-lambas-yanyor.html' title='yağ lambası yanıyor !'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdP57WWZ4g_ej6_gY3wrxyOEk3gKxAVERD7eomfg1ugyLLYXSZgy-atLKmGf5pxh20us4AecAxTXrLDVyiP6Xw_QvYSqeRQwYc4EIESstnzhqi8R6WfsswJAjD3L_4_9fqK3WQ5c-4Vn1H/s72-c/dsc01498gj5.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>10</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-5459267208572386919</id><published>2012-01-14T04:33:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-01-14T04:33:26.305-08:00</updated><title type='text'>aracın yağ lambası yanmıyor !</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Q7Co_-X1T9c82Q0sAwOxjZh2Dt34jcJCuwGfoleoBh3Xd-C03sbhvMUL5esbMO_sBr1EhWI3jTfCTjsqEzSO_PughveUNByVW2HmsXKqQasXuc7qlbbsaOxeHkRu3MosKrlAfoKRfzSa/s1600/dsc01498gj5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Q7Co_-X1T9c82Q0sAwOxjZh2Dt34jcJCuwGfoleoBh3Xd-C03sbhvMUL5esbMO_sBr1EhWI3jTfCTjsqEzSO_PughveUNByVW2HmsXKqQasXuc7qlbbsaOxeHkRu3MosKrlAfoKRfzSa/s320/dsc01498gj5.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
arabanızın yağ lambası yanmıyorsa birçok sebebi olabilir.basit bir sorunda olabilir bir parça değiştirmek zorunda da kalabilirsiniz.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
- yağ lambası patlamış olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
- yağ müşürü bozulmuş yada yerinden oynamış olabilir. yağ müşürü arabada yağ filtresi etrafında olabilir.oralara bakınız.&lt;br /&gt;
- kablosunda kısa devre olmuştur bakınız.&lt;br /&gt;
- aracın + kutup başını çekip biraz bekledikten sonra tekrar takınız.&lt;br /&gt;
-eğer sigorta bölümü ile oynadı iseniz sigortalardan birinin bacağı takılırken yamulmuş veya kırılmış olabilir. avometre ile ölçüm yapınız. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NOT: &amp;nbsp; SORUNUZU BU BAŞLIK ALTINA YAZARSANIZ DURUMA GÖRE ÇÖZÜM YOLUNA GİDEBİLİRİZ BİLGİSİ OLANLAR CEVAP YAZACAKTIR.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/5459267208572386919/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/aracn-yag-lambas-yanmyor.html#comment-form' title='24 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5459267208572386919'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5459267208572386919'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2012/01/aracn-yag-lambas-yanmyor.html' title='aracın yağ lambası yanmıyor !'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8Q7Co_-X1T9c82Q0sAwOxjZh2Dt34jcJCuwGfoleoBh3Xd-C03sbhvMUL5esbMO_sBr1EhWI3jTfCTjsqEzSO_PughveUNByVW2HmsXKqQasXuc7qlbbsaOxeHkRu3MosKrlAfoKRfzSa/s72-c/dsc01498gj5.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>24</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-1625054355128878045</id><published>2011-05-09T14:25:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-09T14:27:36.980-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Karbüratör</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Karbüratör&lt;/b&gt;, içten yanmalı motorlarda, motorun &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Silindir_%28motor%29&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Silindir (motor) (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;silindirlerinde&lt;/a&gt; yanacak &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzin&quot;&gt;benzin&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/a&gt; karışımını sağlayan aygıt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrEMlGo0CUCkdoYCMga4alyYD4wmQuitwP7uSWDoRMAOmwHUCtCxB5O3KaL6Tyfcecs7zjcZ-qQ6RGl_JPZmy92XphxbFtWFybOE27HkUFpAp2KYeu1rr61nC_LQ_5YfXdolT4XauTvO5L/s1600/DAFF1ABE39F24F90894E1990385EDB24.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrEMlGo0CUCkdoYCMga4alyYD4wmQuitwP7uSWDoRMAOmwHUCtCxB5O3KaL6Tyfcecs7zjcZ-qQ6RGl_JPZmy92XphxbFtWFybOE27HkUFpAp2KYeu1rr61nC_LQ_5YfXdolT4XauTvO5L/s320/DAFF1ABE39F24F90894E1990385EDB24.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Pistonların silindirdeki emiş gücüyle emilen hava, karbüratörün  içinden geçerken bir miktar benzini de beraberinde sürükleyerek onu  buharlaştırır ve oluşan gaz karışımı silindirlere girerek &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buji&quot; title=&quot;Buji&quot;&gt;bujilerden&lt;/a&gt;  saçılan kıvılcımla ateşlenir. Karbüratör, emilecek havayı ve karışacak  benzinin oranını ek düzeneklerle otomatik olarak ayarlar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Çalışma şekli ve yapısı:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Karbüratör basitçe, orta bölümde daralan bir hava borusu ile bu  boruya ince birkaç kanalla bağlı bulunan benzin haznesinden oluşur. Hava  borusuna &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C4%9Faz&quot;&gt;boğaz&lt;/a&gt;, boğazın daralan bölümüne ise &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venturi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Venturi (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;venturi&lt;/a&gt;  denir. Motora emilen hava fizik kurallarına göre venturiden geçerken  hız kazanır ve bu bölümde düşük basınç yaratır. Oluşan düşük basınç  (vakum) benzin haznesindeki yakıtın emilip hava ile karışarak silindir  veya silindirlere doğru yol almasını sağlar. Bu yüzden ana yakıt kanalı  venturiye açılır. Boğazın, havanın gidiş yönüne göre venturiden sonraki  bölümünde motora alınacak olan havanın, dolayısıyla da hava - yakıt  karışımının miktarını ayarlamaya yarayan &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaz_kelebe%C4%9Fi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Gaz kelebeği (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;gaz kelebeği&lt;/a&gt; bulunur. Gaz kelebeği otomobillerdeki &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaz_pedal%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Gaz pedalı (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;gaz pedalının&lt;/a&gt;  hareketiyle çalışır. Sürücü gaz pedalına basmakla aslında gaz  kelebeğinin açıklığını artırmaktadır. Benzin, karbüratördeki hazneye ya &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzin_pombas%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Benzin pombası (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;benzin pombası&lt;/a&gt;  ile gönderilir ya da bazı motosikletlerde olduğu gibi kendi ağırlığı  ile dolar. Haznedeki benzin miktarını sabit bir düzeyde tutmak için  burada &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamand%C4%B1ra&quot; title=&quot;Şamandıra&quot;&gt;şamandıralı&lt;/a&gt;  bir supap bulunur. Motorlu taşıtlarda ve diğer alanlarda kullanılmakta  olan benzinli motorların, değişen şartlara göre istenen güç ve devirde  çalışabilmesini temin edebilmek amacıyla modern karbüratörler bir çok  karmaşık sistemle donatılmıştır. Benzin ile havanın öz kütleleri ve  diğer fiziksel özellikleri farklı olduğu için hava - yakıt karışımının  miktar ve oranı sadece gaz kelebeği ile kontrol edilememektedir.  Geliştirilen pek çok sisteme rağmen karbüratörlerden, mükemmel düzeyde  verim alınamayacağı anlaşılmış ve bugünkü çoğu modern taşıtta yerini &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak%C4%B1t_enjeksiyonu&quot;&gt;yakıt enjeksiyonu&lt;/a&gt; sistemi almıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Çeşitleri:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt; Havanın akış yönüne göre karbüratörler iki çeşittir:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;a)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Dikey akışlı karbüratörler&lt;/b&gt;. Standart otomobillerde  kullanılır. Hava boğazı dikey pozisyondadır. Yakıt haznesi boğazın yan  tarafında bulunur. Çoğunlukla üst bölümünde &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava_filtresi&quot;&gt;hava filtresi&lt;/a&gt;, altında da &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emme_manifoldu&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Emme manifoldu (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;emme manifoldu&lt;/a&gt; bulunur. Hava akış yönü aşağıdan yukarıya doğru olan bazı modelleri de uçak motorlarında kullanılmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;b)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Yatay akışlı karbüratörler.&lt;/b&gt; Motosikletlerde  kullanılır. Ayrıca küçük jeneratör, çim biçme makinası, motorlu testere  ve ilaçlama motoru gibi makinalarda da bu tip karbüratörler tercih  edilir. Boğaz yatay pozisyonda ve benzin haznesi boğazın alt  bölümündedir. Gaz kelebeği yerine aynı işi gören &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaz_pistonu&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Gaz pistonu (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;gaz pistonu&lt;/a&gt; bulunabilir. Emme manifoldu olmaksızın doğrudan &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silindir_kapa%C4%9F%C4%B1&quot; title=&quot;Silindir kapağı&quot;&gt;silindir kapağına&lt;/a&gt; bağlanabildikleri için, her silindire bir adet olacak şekilde bazı spor otomobillerde de kullanılmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;/b&gt; Boğaz sayısına göre de iki tip karbüratör bulunur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;a)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Tek boğazlı karbüratör.&lt;/b&gt; Otomobillerde, belli bir  hızın üstüne çıkmak istendiğinde; yokuş yukarı gitmek gerektiğinde veya  buna benzer ekstra kuvvet gerektiren durumlarda, motora giren hava -  yakıt miktarıyla birlikte karışımdaki benzin oranının da artırılması  gerekir. Bunun için tek boğazlı karbüratörlerde, gaz kelebeğinin 3/4  oranında açılmasıyla birlikte, boğaza ikinci bir kanaldan daha benzin  akmaya başlar. Çok boğazlı karbüratörlerde ise burada devreye giren  ikinci bir boğaz bulunur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;b)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Çok boğazlı karbüratörler.&lt;/b&gt; Boğaz sayısı 2, 4, 6 veya  daha fazla olabilir. Motosikletlerde ve çok silindirli yarış  araçlarında, genellikle her silindir başına bir boğaz düşecek şekilde  imal edilmiş olan karbüratörler kullanılır. Bunlarda tüm gaz kelebekleri  aynı anda çalışır. Ancak standart otomobillerde kullanılan  karbüratörlerde ise boğazların yarısı, sadece yüksek miktarda güç  gerektiğinde, yani gaz pedalının son çeyreklik bölümünde devreye girer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;boilerplate metadata&quot; id=&quot;stub&quot;&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dosya:FrankMotor.png&amp;amp;filetimestamp=20050917075050&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;FrankMotor.png&quot; height=&quot;53&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/FrankMotor.png/25px-FrankMotor.png&quot; width=&quot;25&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binek_ara%C3%A7lar%C4%B1nda_g%C3%BC%C3%A7_%C3%BCretim_teknolojisi&quot; title=&quot;Binek araçlarında güç üretim teknolojisi&quot;&gt;Motorlar&lt;/a&gt; veya &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1n_par%C3%A7alar%C4%B1&quot; title=&quot;Şablon:İçten yanmalı motorların parçaları&quot;&gt;Motor elemanları&lt;/a&gt; ile ilgili bu madde bir &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedi:Madde_tasla%C4%9F%C4%B1&quot; title=&quot;Vikipedi:Madde taslağı&quot;&gt;taslaktır&lt;/a&gt;. Maddenin içeriğini &lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karb%C3%BCrat%C3%B6r&amp;amp;action=edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;geliştirerek&lt;/a&gt; Vikipedi&#39;ye katkıda bulunabilirsiniz.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse&quot; id=&quot;collapsibleTable0&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;th class=&quot;navbox-title&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;collapseButton&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karb%C3%BCrat%C3%B6r#&quot; id=&quot;collapseButton0&quot;&gt;gizle&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint plainlinks navbar&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: -0.12em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon:%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1n_par%C3%A7alar%C4%B1&quot; title=&quot;Şablon:İçten yanmalı motorların parçaları&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Bu şablonu gör&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1n_par%C3%A7alar%C4%B1&quot; title=&quot;Şablon tartışma:İçten yanmalı motorların parçaları&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Bu şablonu tartış&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;b&gt;·&lt;/b&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:%C4%B0%C3%A7ten_yanmal%C4%B1_motorlar%C4%B1n_par%C3%A7alar%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Bu şablonu düzenle&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 110%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binek_ara%C3%A7lar%C4%B1nda_g%C3%BC%C3%A7_%C3%BCretim_teknolojisi&quot; title=&quot;Binek araçlarında güç üretim teknolojisi&quot;&gt;İçten yanmalı motorların parçaları&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-abovebelow&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;( İçten yanmalı, su  soğutmalı motorlar göz önüne alınmış ve genel parçalar yazılmıştır.  Çeşitli motor teknolojilerine göre değişiklik gösterebilir )&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Motor gövdesi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silindir_kapa%C4%9F%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Silindir kapağı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_silindiri&quot; title=&quot;Motor silindiri&quot;&gt;Motor silindiri&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silindir_kapak_contas%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Silindir kapak contası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silindir_g%C3%B6mle%C4%9Fi&quot;&gt;Silindir gömleği&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Krank sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-even&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston&quot;&gt;Piston&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piston_sekman%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Piston sekmanı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piston_pimi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Piston pimi (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Piston pimi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyel_kolu&quot;&gt;Biyel kolu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krank_mili&quot;&gt;Krank mili&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krank_mil_yata%C4%9F%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Krank mil yatağı (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Krank mil yatağı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volan&quot;&gt;Volan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Zamanlama sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam_mili&quot;&gt;Kam mili&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triger_kay%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Triger kayışı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supap&quot; title=&quot;Supap&quot;&gt;Motor supapı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%BClb%C3%BCt%C3%B6r&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Külbütör (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Külbütör&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Benzinli motor yakıt sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-even&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hava_filtresi&quot;&gt;Hava filtresi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;b class=&quot;selflink&quot;&gt;Karbüratör&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzin_enjekt%C3%B6r%C3%BC&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Benzin enjektörü (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Benzin enjektörü&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benzin_filtresi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Benzin filtresi (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Benzin filtresi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Emme_manifoldu&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Emme manifoldu (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Emme manifoldu&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizel_motor&quot; title=&quot;Dizel motor&quot;&gt;Dizel motor&lt;/a&gt; yakıt sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yak%C4%B1t_deposu&quot; title=&quot;Yakıt deposu&quot;&gt;Yakıt deposu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yak%C4%B1t_besleme_pompas%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Yakıt besleme pompası (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Yakıt besleme pompası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazot_filtresi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Mazot filtresi (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Mazot filtresi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enjeksiyon_pompas%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Enjeksiyon pompası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_rail&quot;&gt;Common rail&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanma_odas%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Yanma odası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dizel_enjekt%C3%B6r%C3%BC&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Dizel enjektörü (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Dizel enjektörü&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzinli_motor&quot;&gt;Benzinli motor&lt;/a&gt; ateşleme sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-even&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batarya&quot;&gt;Batarya&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%C3%BCksiyon_bobini&quot;&gt;Endüksiyon bobini&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distribit%C3%B6r&quot; title=&quot;Distribitör&quot;&gt;Distribitör&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buji&quot;&gt;Buji&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Elektrik sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternat%C3%B6r&quot;&gt;Alternatör&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batarya&quot;&gt;Batarya&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Earj_dinamosu&quot;&gt;Şarj dinamosu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C5%9F_motoru&quot;&gt;Marş motoru&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontak_anahtar%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Kontak anahtarı&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Yağlama sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-even&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C4%9F_pompas%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Yağ pompası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karter&quot;&gt;Karter&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ya%C4%9F_filtresi&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Yağ filtresi (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Yağ filtresi&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C4%9F_so%C4%9Futucusu&quot;&gt;Yağ soğutucusu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_ya%C4%9F%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Motor yağı&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Soğutma sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motor_radyat%C3%B6r%C3%BC&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Motor radyatörü (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Motor radyatörü&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifiriz&quot; title=&quot;Antifiriz&quot;&gt;Antifiriz&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devirdaim_pompas%C4%B1&quot;&gt;Devirdaim pompası&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radyat%C3%B6r_kapa%C4%9F%C4%B1&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Radyatör kapağı (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Radyatör kapağı&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motor_vantilat%C3%B6r%C3%BC&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; title=&quot;Motor vantilatörü (sayfa mevcut değil)&quot;&gt;Motor vantilatörü&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termostat&quot;&gt;Termostat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Egzoz sistemi&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-even&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzoz_manifoldu&quot;&gt;Egzoz manifoldu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzoz_susturucusu&quot;&gt;Egzoz susturucusu&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalitik_konvert%C3%B6r&quot;&gt;Katalitik konvertör&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2px;&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-group&quot;&gt;Cebri doldurma&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td class=&quot;navbox-list navbox-odd&quot; style=&quot;border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 2px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 0em 0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo%C5%9Farj&quot;&gt;Turboşarj&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercooler&quot;&gt;Intercooler&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompa_duse&quot;&gt;Pompa duse&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCper%C5%9Farj&quot;&gt;Süperşarj&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/1625054355128878045/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/karburator.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/1625054355128878045'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/1625054355128878045'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/karburator.html' title='Karbüratör'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrEMlGo0CUCkdoYCMga4alyYD4wmQuitwP7uSWDoRMAOmwHUCtCxB5O3KaL6Tyfcecs7zjcZ-qQ6RGl_JPZmy92XphxbFtWFybOE27HkUFpAp2KYeu1rr61nC_LQ_5YfXdolT4XauTvO5L/s72-c/DAFF1ABE39F24F90894E1990385EDB24.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-5281921643927840084</id><published>2011-05-09T14:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-09T14:24:27.102-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Jant alırken dikkat edilmesi gerekenler</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;the_content&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Jant&lt;/strong&gt; alınırken bütün  araçlara göre farklı değerlendirmek gerekir.&amp;nbsp; Binek araçlar, 4X4  araçlar, kamyonet tipi arazi araçlarına jant alırken hepsinin farklı  kategoride olduğunu bilmek gerekir. Çünkü araç tipine göre üretilen  jantın ham maddesi farklılık gösterir. Örneğin bir jeep’ e jant  takılacağını düşünürsek, binek aracın jantını jeep’ e sığdıramayız.  Çünkü binek aracın inç’i küçüktür ve ham maddesi farklıdır ve takviyeli  olmaz. 4X4 araçların jantları fabrikalar tarafından takviye edilerek  tüketiciye sunulmaktadır. Yani jant alırken araca ve aracın sınıfına  uygun jant seçilmezse ileride büyük problemlerle karşılaşılabilir. &lt;strong&gt;Jant&lt;/strong&gt;ların  kalitesini, tüketici olarak anlamamız oldukça zordur. Çünkü jant  sürekli tüketilen bir malzeme değildir. Jant alırken bu konuda uzman  olan yerlerden bilgi alınması önemlidir. Jantta marka çok önemli  değildir. Jant da önemli olan husus hammaddesidir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;highslide&quot; href=&quot;http://www.autoclub.gen.tr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/jant21.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-medium wp-image-395&quot; height=&quot;225&quot; src=&quot;http://www.autoclub.gen.tr/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/jant21-300x225.jpg&quot; title=&quot;jant2&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/5281921643927840084/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/jant-alrken-dikkat-edilmesi-gerekenler.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5281921643927840084'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5281921643927840084'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/jant-alrken-dikkat-edilmesi-gerekenler.html' title='Jant alırken dikkat edilmesi gerekenler'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-4993223121346471533</id><published>2011-05-09T06:28:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-09T06:28:40.498-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MEKANİZMASI"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SUPAP"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SUPAPLAR"/><title type='text'>SUPAPLAR VE SUPAP MEKANİZMASI</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;SUPAPLAR VE SUPAP MEKANİZMASI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Görevleri:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Dört zamanlı içten yanmalı benzin motorlarında, emme zamanında, açılan bir delikten hava yakıt karışımı silindire dolar. Aynı şekilde egzoz zamanında , ikinci bir delikten yanmış gazlar dışarı atılır. Bu deliklere supap portları denir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Silindire açılan bu delikleri, açıp kapayan ve belli bir süre açık tutan, motor elemanlarına da supap denir. Her silinde pistonun durumuna göre supapları açıp kapayan, supap mekanizması vardır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Genellikle dört zamanlı otomobil motorlarında, emme supapları, emme zamanında, karbüratörde hazırlanan, hava yakıt karışımları silindirlere alır, egzoz supapları da yanmış egzoz gazlarını dışarı atar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yapısı ve malzemeleri:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Bu motor tasarımında kullanmış olduğumuz supaplar, bir tabla ve birde supap sapı olmak üzere iki kısımdır.Tablada bulunan açılandırılmış supap oturma yüzeyi aynı açıyla taşlanan supap yuvasına oturarak, silindire sızdırmazlık sağlar.Supap tablası genellikle düz, bazen dış &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;bükey&lt;/span&gt; veya iç &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;bükey&lt;/span&gt; olarak yapılır.Bizim kullandığımız supap tablası ise düz supap tablasıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap tablası, tabla et kalınlığı denilen silindirik bir kısımla beraber, 30&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; veya 45&lt;sup&gt;0 &lt;/sup&gt;açılandırılmıştır.Biz bu oturma yüzey açısını 45&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; olarak aldık.45&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; almamızın sebebi egzoz gazlarının çabuk dışarı atılmasını sağlamaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supaplar motorlarda çok güç şartların altında çalışan parçalardan birisidir.Özellikle egzoz supapları basınç altında devamlı kızgın sıcaklıkta çalışırlar. Bütün güç şartlara rağmen supaplar, eğilip, bozulmadan ve yanmadan görevlerine devam etmeleri gerekir.Bu nedenle egzoz supapları kırılmaya, korozyona, eğilmeye ve hızlı aşınmaya dayanıklı, içinde yüksek oranda krom, nikel, silikon ve diğer bazı katıkların bulunduğu çelik alaşımlardan veya &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;stellit&lt;/span&gt; denilen yüksek ısıya dayanıklı, özel çelik alaşımlardan yapılır.Emme supapları egzoz supaplarına nazaran ısı yönünden daha uygun şartlarda çalıştığı için, bunların yanma korozyon ve aşınma olasılığı daha az olduğundan, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;stellite&lt;/span&gt; göre daha ucuz olan krom nikel, çelik alaşımlardan yapılır.Bazı motorlarda her iki supapta aynı malzemeden yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;SUPAP YAYLARI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Görevi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap yayları kam mili vasıtasıyla açılan supapları kapatır. Bununla beraber supap iticilerinin, supap saplarının itici çubukları ve &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;külbütör&lt;/span&gt; manivelalarının, kam hareketini izlemesini sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yapısı ve malzemeleri:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap yayları değişik motor devirlerinde çok yüksek ısı karşısında basınçlarını koruyabilecek şekilde yüksek özellikleri bulunan, yay çeliklerinden helezon şeklinde sarılarak yapılır.Motorun çalışması sırasında, su buharı ve zararlı yanma artıklarından etkilenmeden görevlerini sürdürebilmesi için, üzerine özel boyalar ve vernik sürülür.Bazı motorlarda ise yaylar nikelaj veya &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;kromaj&lt;/span&gt; yapılarak pas ve korozyona karşı korunmaları sağlanmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;SUPAPLAR VE YAY HESAPLARI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Silindire daha çok dolgu alınabilmesi için emme supabının egzoz supabından daha büyük olması gerekir.Yanma odası &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;konstrüksiyonuna&lt;/span&gt; göre supap kafası çapı değişir.Egzoz supabının çapı genelde emme supabının çapından daha küçük yapılır. Bunun nedeni iyi bir silindir dolumu büyük bir emme supabıyla mümkündür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Hesaplamalarda kullanılan semboller&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 75.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 19.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;egzoz&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 19.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Egzoz supabının çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 18.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;emme&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Emme supabının çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap sapının çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;stroku&lt;/span&gt;   (kaldırma mesafesi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;L:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap boyu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Ortalama gaz hızı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;σ:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap oturma açısı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap tabla çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap kursu yarısı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 36.75pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;G:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt; width: 269.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;359&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap mekanizmasının ağırlığı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Paralel yerleştirilmiş supaplar için çap değerleri aşağıdaki gibi &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;seçilir&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(d):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;- Supaplar eşit büyüklükte &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;egzoz&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;= 0, 4D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;- Supaplar farklı büyüklükte &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;emme&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0, 45D, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;egzoz&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0, 35D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= Silindir çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap sapı çapı ise&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;- Devir sayısı yüksek motorlarda &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;, (0, 25-0, 35)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d olarak alınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;- Devir sayısı düşük motorlarda, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;, (0, 15-0, 25)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d olarak alınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Önceki gruptan alınan değerlere göre;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D: Silindir çapı: 77, 65mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;: Ortalama piston hızı: 13, 968m/sn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;n: Motor devri: 3750d/d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Supaplar farklı büyüklükte &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;emme&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; =0, 45D, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;egzoz&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0, 35D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;emme&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;=0, 45x77, 65=34, 94mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;egzoz&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;=0, 35x77, 65=27, 17mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap sapının çapları, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (0, 15-0, 25)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; (emme)=(emme supap sapının çapı)=0, 20x34, 94=6, 988mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;(egzoz)=(egzoz supap sapının çapı)=0, 25x27, 17=6, 7925mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;268&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/yenilestirme/supap_supapmekanizma_dosyalar/image002.jpg&quot; width=&quot;160&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; yaklaşık olarak d alınırsa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;= Supap &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;stroku&lt;/span&gt;(kaldırma mesafesi)=d/4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=34, 94/4=8, 735mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supabın ölçüleri belirlendikten sonra supap oturma yüzeyindeki ortalama gaz hızının (&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;w&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) doğru olup olmadığı kontrol edilir. &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; aşağıdaki formül yardımı ile bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; =c&lt;sub&gt;m &lt;/sub&gt;D². 4d &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;cos&lt;/span&gt;σ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; =Ortalama piston hızı(m/sn)=13, 968 değeri önceden verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supaplarda: &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;yaklaşık olarak 60-120m/sn &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;geçmemelidir&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;σ =supap oturma açısı 45˚ alınır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;. Bu açının 30˚ ye düşmesi, akış oranında iyileşmeye neden olur. Emme supabı açısından silindirin doldurulmasında, hiçbir değişiklik olmaz, fakat egzoz supabı açısından dolgunun daha çabuk çıkışını sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;W&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; = 13, 968.(0, 07765)² = 100, 67m/sn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;4.0, 034.0, 0087.0, 707&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap boyuna L dersek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; (3, 5-5)d arasında bir değer alınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;L=3, 5x34, 83=121, 9mm’dir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;SUPAP YAYLARININ HESABI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Azami yay kuvveti supapların açılıp kapanması esnasında meydana gelen ivmeye göre hesaplanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Azami yay kuvveti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=1, 2.m. &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;b&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;m=Hareket eden supap mekanizması kitlesidir.(kg sn² /m)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;m=G/9, 81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;G=Supap mekanizmasının ağırlığı (kg)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;b&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=Azami yay ivmesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;b&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/t ²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=Supap kursu yarısı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;t= Supabın açık kalma zamanı (sn)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Asgari yay kuvveti &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=п.d&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.0, 7 / 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=Supap tabla çapı (cm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Verilen değerlere göre;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;n=3750d/d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h=8, 735mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=Supap kursunun yarısı =4, 35mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=30mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;G=0, 800kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Supap 117, 5˚ açık kalırsa t =0, 0052sn bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;b= &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/t ² = 0, 00435m/0, 0052² b=161, 1m/sn ²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; =1, 2.m. &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;b&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; =1, 2.0, 800.161, 1 / 9, 81 = 15, 76 kg, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; = п.&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;d&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;².0, 7 / 4=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; п.3². 0, 7 / 4 = 4, 95 kg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;bilinirse yayın hesabı şu formülere göre hesaplanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;124&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/yenilestirme/supap_supapmekanizma_dosyalar/image004.jpg&quot; width=&quot;91&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d = Yay tel çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D = Yay çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;r = D / 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;б = Burulma gerilmesi (3500-4000kg/cm²)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d=(16.&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.r/3, 14. б )^1/3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;d =0, 32cm standart çap olarak 4mm alınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;= Yayın azami kısalması.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= Supap kapalıyken yay kısalması.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= Supap azami açıkken yayın kısalma miktarı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;==&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; / &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; – 1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;- &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=15, 76/4, 95 (4, 35 / 2, 18)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= 6, 35-4, 35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=6, 35mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= 2mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Birde sargı adetini tayin etmek lazımdır.Sargı adeti iyi seçilmezse yay sıkışmış durumda iken sargılar birbirine temas etmesin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Sargı adetine i dersek şu formülle hesaplanır;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;i= &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;f&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt; . d^4 .G/64.r³.&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;G=750000-800000kg/cm²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;i=0, 635.(0, 4) ^4 .800000/64.(1, 4)³.15, 76&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;i=4, 69 sarım sayısı 5 adet alınılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;sarım&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;=D-d=30-4=26mm bulunur.(sarım çapı)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yay katılık katsayısı(k):&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;min&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/8, 735=15, 76-4, 95/8, 735=1, 24kg/mm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yay indeksi(c )=&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;sarım&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/d = 26/4=6, 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Katılaşmış boy = (i +1).d = (5+1)4= 24mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Max. Boy değişimi x=&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;/k=15, 76/1, 24=12, 70mm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;299&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/yenilestirme/supap_supapmekanizma_dosyalar/image006.jpg&quot; width=&quot;312&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;KAM MİLİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;GÖREVİ VE YAPISI:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam mili supapları dört zaman çevrimine göre, zamanında açan, piston kursu boyunca açık tutan ve yaylar yardımıyla kapatan, setli bir mildir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam mili bu esas görevinden başka, üzerinde bulunan bir helis dişli yardımıyla distribütör ve yağ pompasını çalıştırır. Ayrıca bir özel kam vasıtasıyla da, benzin otomatiğini çalıştırır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Genellikle L ve I tipi motorlarda kam mili üst &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;karterdeki&lt;/span&gt; kam mili yataklarına, krank miline paralel olarak takılır. Bazı I tipi motorlarda kam milleri, silindir kapağı üzerinde bulunan, yataklar üzerine yerleştirilir ki, bu motorlara üstten kam milli motorlar denir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;T tipi motorlarda ise, üst &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;karterin&lt;/span&gt; iki tarafına yerleştirilen, çift kam mili vardır. Bunlardan birisi &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;eksoz&lt;/span&gt; supaplarına, diğeri ise emme supaplarına hareket verir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;V tipi motorlarda kam mili &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;v’nin&lt;/span&gt; ortasına ve krank miline paralel olarak yerleştirilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam mili yatakları sırt kısmı çelik, yatak yüzü yumuşak ince metalden yapılmış boru tipi yataklardır. Yatakların yuvasına hafif sıkı &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;geçerek&lt;/span&gt; dönmesini önlemek için bir tarafından kesilerek, uçlar çok hafif ayrılmıştır. Yerine özel &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;malafalarla&lt;/span&gt; takılan yatakta, bu kesik uç yaylanıp kapanarak yatağın yuvasına sıkı oturmasını sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam milleri, krank mili ile birlikte motorda dört zamanı düzenler. Kam mili hareketini, krank milinden, helis dişli veya zincirle alır. Bu elamanlara zaman dişlileri yada zaman zinciri denir. Dört zamanda krank mili, iki defa(720) dönünce, kam mili bir defa(360) döner. Bu nedenle, kam mili dişlisindeki diş sayısı, krank mili dişlisindeki diş sayısının iki katıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Dört zamanın düzenli bir şekilde olabilmesi için, zaman dişlilerine ve zincir dişlilerine, zaman ayar işaretleri vurulmuştur. Motor toplanırken bu işaretler mutlaka karşı karşıya getirilerek takılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Üstten kam milli motorlarda krank milinden, kam miline hareket iletmek için, &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;neopramdan&lt;/span&gt; yapılmış uzun hareket iletme kayışları kullanılır. Üstten kam milli motorlarda, kam mili veya silindir kapağı sökülürken, motorun zaman ayarının bozulmaması için, özel önlemlerle zincirin gergin tutulması gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam milleri yüksek kaliteli çelik alaşımlardan dövülerek veya dökülerek tek parça halinde yapılır. Malzeme sertleştirilmeden, kam mili muyluları ve kamlar özel tornalarda işlenerek, kabaca ölçüsüne getirilir. Bu işlemden sonra, kam mili ısı işlemlerine tabi tutularak, muylu ve kam yüzeyleri sertleştirilir. Bundan sonra, özel kam mili taşlama tezgahlarında, muylu ve kam yüzeyleri, hassas olarak taşlanıp standart ölçüsüne getirilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kam millerinde ekseriya, dört kam mili muylusu vardır.bunlardan arka muylu, kamlardan küçük yapılabildiği halde, diğer üç muylu kademeli olarak, hepside kamlardan daha büyük yapılır. Böylece kam milleri üst &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;karterdeki&lt;/span&gt; yataklarına kolayca takılıp sökülebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Genellikle kam millerinde, her silindir için, bir emme ve bir de egzoz kamı vardır. Bazı motorlarda, bir emme, bir egzoz kamı karşılıklı iki silindirin supaplarına hareket vermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Bir kamın kısımlarını inceleyecek olursak;bir kam çıkıntısı, bunun 180 derece karşısı ökçe ve mille kamların, birleştiği kısımlarda da, kam sessizleştirme sahaları vardır. Doldurulmuş bu kısımlar, itici ve supabın sessizce temas ederek yavaş açılmasını ve yavaş &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;yavaş&lt;/span&gt; kapanmasını sağlar. Aksi taktirde, supap çabuk açılıp, kapanacak olursa, hem supaplar ses yapar ve hem de parçalar çabuk aşınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;175&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/yenilestirme/supap_supapmekanizma_dosyalar/image008.jpg&quot; width=&quot;208&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/4993223121346471533/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/supaplar-ve-supap-mekanizmasi.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4993223121346471533'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4993223121346471533'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/supaplar-ve-supap-mekanizmasi.html' title='SUPAPLAR VE SUPAP MEKANİZMASI'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-4011864283959069509</id><published>2011-05-09T06:11:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-09T06:11:53.309-07:00</updated><title type='text'>lpg arızaları</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; LatentStyleCount=&quot;156&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;http://img2.blogblog.com/img/video_object.png&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #b2b2b2; &quot; class=&quot;BLOGGER-object-element tr_noresize tr_placeholder&quot; id=&quot;ieooui&quot; data-original-id=&quot;ieooui&quot; /&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;lpg de olası arıza nedenleri &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Arkadaşlar lpg ile ilgili bir problem hissediyorsanız okumanızda fayda var.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
LPG ARIZALARI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
TEKNİK BİLGİ&lt;br /&gt;
LPG kullanan bir aracın bakımına geçmeden önce, araç benzinle nasıl çalışıyor önce ona bakmak gerekir. Eğer benzinle araç normal çalışıyorsa o zaman LPG bakımına geçilebilir. Bir araç benzinde normal çalışmıyor ise, LPG ile ilgili sorunu gidermeye çalışmak beyhude bir çabadır. LPG’li araç kullanıcıları her sorunu LPG sisteminde ararlar ancak, araca benzinle ilgili kapsamlı bir bakım yapıldığında, aracın LPG ile çalışmasındaki birçok sorunun kendiliğinden ortadan kalktığı görülecektir. LPG benzine göre biraz hassas bir yakıttır. Benzinde var olan ama kullanıcının çoğu zaman hissedemediği sorunlar, LPG’ye geçince hissedilir. Doğal olarak ta oto sahipleri sorunun LPG’den kaynaklandığını zanneder. İşte böyle durumlarda benzindeki problem giderildiğinde, gazdaki sorun da ortadan kalkacaktır. Şimdi karbüratörlü bir arcın benzin ve LPG sorunlarına birlikte bakalım ve çözüm önerilerimizi sunalım:&lt;br /&gt;
1. Fazla Yakıt:&lt;br /&gt;
*Yağ yakan ve su eksilten araç benzini de gazı da fazla yakar, ama bu belirtiler, LPG’de değil motorda sorun olduğunu gösterir. Motordaki sorun giderildikten sonra gaz ayarı yapılmalıdır. Sente’de ayarsızlık aracı benzinde de gazda da fazla yaktırır. Triger kayışı, sente atlamışsa, yani sente aralığı normalden fazla ise, onu düzelttirip sonra gaz ayarı yaptırmalıyız.&lt;br /&gt;
*Supaplardaki ayarsızlık, fazla yakıt sebebidir. Supaplar çok sıkı veya gevşek olmamalı. Burada da önce, supap ayarı, yani benzindeki sorunun giderilmesi, sonra gaz ayarı gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
*Motorunuz hararet yaptı ve motor kapağı zarar gördü ise araç fazla yakar. Motor yaptırıldığı halde fazla yakıt devam ediyorsa, motor üst kapağı fazla taşlanmış olabilir. Çünkü bu yanma odasının hacmini daraltarak motora gene hararet yaptırır.&lt;br /&gt;
*Buji ve buji kablolarının kalitesiz veya eskimiş olması, aracın tam ateşleme yapamamasına neden olur ve egzosttan çiğ yakıt atar. Bu da doğal olarak yakıtı arttırır. Buji tırnak aralığı normalden büyük olursa tam yanma sağlanamaz. Bu ise hem fazla yakıta, hem de aracın çekişten düşmesine sebep olur.&lt;br /&gt;
*Platindaki sorun da ateşleme hatası verdireceğinden benzini de gazı da arttırır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratör ayarı çok önemlidir. Karbüratöre fazla hava girmesi yakıtı arttırır. Aynı zaman da fazla hava girişi patlatmaya da sebep olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beynine kaloriferden gelen su yanlış yerden alınmış olup da beyin tam ısınmıyorsa veya sıcak suyun beyne girişini engelleyen bir durum varsa, beyin gazı tam buharlaştıramaz, dolayısıyla da tam yanma sağlanamadığı için araç gazı fazla yakar. Bu durum aracın çalışmasında da sorun yaratır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Kilometre telinin arızalı olması bütün yakıtlarda artışa neden olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Emme manifoldunun hava alması, rölantiyi düşürür, araç rölanti de durmaz ve fazla yakar. Daha ziyade enjeksiyonlu araçlarda bulunan hava ayar vidası ile yakıt- hava ayarı iyi yapılmalıdır. Aksi halde hem patlatmaya sebep olabilir, hem de yakıtı arttırır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratörlü araçlarda, karbüratörün üzerine konulan ve ideal yakıt- hava karışımını sağlayan mikser fazla hava alıyorsa, arcın yakıtı artar ve stop etmelere neden olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyninde diyafram denen elastiki bir zar vardır ve gaz geçişi bununla sağlanır. Bu zar kalitesizse veya zaman içerisinde deforme olup ta görevini yapamıyorsa, araç fazla yakabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG kullanan bir aracın fazla yakıt sorunu varsa, yapılması gereken ilk şey, gaz kaçağı olup olmadığını kontrol etmek olmalıdır. Gaz kaçağı koku yapar, ayrıca kaçak olan yerde buzlanma olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratörlü bir aracın, karbüratör kelebeği arızalı ise bu, rölantide soruna yol açar ve LPG’nin fazla harcanmasına sebep olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Hava Filitresi’nin tıkalı olması, gazın da benzinin de fazla yakılmasına etki eder.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Geç Çalışma:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;* Supap ayarı normal değilse ve platinde bir sorun varsa araç genellikle zor çalışır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Distribütör soğutmasındaki bir sorun aracın benzinde de gazda da zor çalışmasına sebep olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Buji ve buji kabloları eskimiş veya kalitesiz ise araç benzinde ve gaz da zor çalışır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Avans ayarının bozuk olması benzin de ve gaz da zor çalışma sebebidir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Aracın LPG ayarı iyi yapılmamışsa araç zor çalışabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Rölanti Sorunu:&lt;br /&gt;
Şayet aracın rölantisinde benzinle ilgili bir sorun yoksa, LPG için olabilecek sorunlar şunlar olabilir:&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratör Kelebeği Karbüratör kelebeğinde millerinin bulunduğu yerden hava alıyorsa, aracın benzinde de LPG’de de rölanti ayarı bozulur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Araç manifoldunun hava alması gaz ve benzinde rölanti ayrını bozar.&lt;br /&gt;
* Buji veya buji kablolarının kalitesiz olması veya esmiş olması gaz ve benzinde rölantiyi etkiler.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratör alt takozunun hava alması benzinde ve gaz da rölantiyi bozar, genelde yükseltir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyninin de bulunan diyaframın eskimesi, deforme olması LPG’de rolanti ayarının yapılamamasına neden olur. Diyaframın ortalama 50.000 km de değişmesi gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG’nin rölanti ayarı, beynin üstünde bulunan rölanti vidası ile yapılır. Rölanti bozulursa bu vida sağa sola çevrilerek, ayarlanır. Bu işi bilen birisine rölanti ayarını yaptırmak gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Aracın Westenhousunda sorun varsa benzinde ve dolayısıyla lpg’de rölanti tutmayabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beynindeki diyafram patlak- yırtık olursa LPG’de rölanti ayarı tutmayabilir. Bunun teşhisini LPG ayarlarından iyi anlayan ustalar koyabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Distribütör diyaframında ki problem de hem benzin hem de LPG ’de rölanti sorunu yaratır.&lt;br /&gt;
* Keza avans ayarının bozuk olması da benzin ve LPG ’de rölanti sorunu yaratır.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyninde biriken yağ ve tortu rölantiyi bozar. Bu yağ ayda bir kez temizlenmelidir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyin bobinine giden elektrikte voltaj düşerse, bu, rölanti bozulmasına neden olabilir. Yetersiz elektrik gelmesi bobin yayının bozuk olmasıdan kaynaklanabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Araçta Koku Hissedilmesi:&lt;br /&gt;
LPG’li bir araçta koku varsa ilk akla gelecek şey kaçak varmı ona baktırmak olmalıdır. Büyük kaçakları şamandıra emniyet valfi keser. Küçük sızıntılar için arada bir kaçak kontrolü yaptırmak gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Kullanılan gazın kalitesiz olması koku yaptırtabilir. Koku hisedilir ise önce kullanılan gaz değiştirilmelidir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Beyin diyaframı deforme olup, işlevini görmüyorsa, gazın iyi yanmamasından dolayı egzozdan çiğ gaz atar, bu ise kokuya neden olur. LPG ustaları bunu anlar ve beynin tamir takımı değişmesi veya beyin değişikliği önerir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Egzozun patlak olması koku yapar.&lt;br /&gt;
* Radyatörde su kaçağı olup ya da başka bir nedenden LPG beynine yeterli sıcak su gelmez ise buda koku sebebi olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Manifold contası su kaçırırsa, araç su eksiltir, hararet yapabilir. Bu aynı zamanda LPG beynini tam ısınamaması demektir ve konu sebebidir.&lt;br /&gt;
5. LPG’de Kesiklik Olması:&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyninde ki bobinin içinde mıknatıs vardır. Bu mıknatısın bulunduğu yerde ki deliğin tıkanmış olması veya bobin yayının eğilmiş olması, aracın gaz da kesiklik yapmasına neden olabilir. Bobinin başka nedenlerle de olsa arızası kesiklik yaptırabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Buji ve buji kablolarının kalitesiz olması veya eskimiş olması, ateşleme hatasına dolayısıyla kesikliğe neden olur. * Gaz filitresinin tıkalı olması, şamandıradaki bir herhangi bir sebepten kaynaklanan tıkanıklıklar da arcın kesiklik yapmasına neden olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Yakıt sisteminde karbüratör temizliği çok önemlidir. Bakımsız ve temiz olmayan ya da hava alan bir karbüratör kesiklik yaptırır. Çünkü motora yeterli yakıtı sevkedemez.&lt;br /&gt;
6. Aracın Stop Etmesi:&lt;br /&gt;
* Westinhaus’da meydana gelebilecek bir kaçak, aracın rölantisini bozar ve aracı benzinde ve LPG’de stop ettirtir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratörün hava alması, fren yaparken, benzinde ve gazda stop ettirebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Hareket halinde vites boştayken, frene basınca stop etme varsa, frenlerde kaçak ihtimali var demektir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG ve benzinin karışıyor olması aracı, boştayken veya rampa aşağı giderken stop ettirebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Avans ayarı bozuk ise bu da arcı stop ettirebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG beyni herhangi bir nedenle tam ısınmıyorsa, gaz tam yanamayacağı için araç stop edebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
7. Gaz Kaçağı:&lt;br /&gt;
* Gaz kaçağı olan yerde, hava sıcak bile olsa buzlanma oluşur. Böyle bir durumda, öncelikle şamandıra da bulunan vana saat yönünde çevrilerek gaz akışı durdurulmalıdır. Daha sonra en yakında ki bir LPG servisine gidilerek kaçak tespit edilmeli ve sorun giderilmelidir.&lt;br /&gt;
8. Elektronik Aksamdaki Arızalar:&lt;br /&gt;
* Ayırıcı anahtar yanmış ise, bu şarj dinamosunda ki bir sorundan olabilir. Akünün fazla şarj edilmesi de buna neden olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG anahtarı depodaki gaz seviyesini göstermiyorsa, düğme veya sensör şaseleri düzgün yapılmamıştır ya da, kablolarda bağlantı hatası olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tek nokta enjeksiyonlu araçlar da benzinden gaza otomatik geçiş olmuyorsa, sinyal veren kablo yanlış bağlanmış ya da tam sarılmamış olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
9. Aracın Çekişten Düşmesi:&lt;br /&gt;
*Avans’ın düşük olması durumunda ateşleme sistemi zamansız ateşleme yaparak araç performansını düşürebilir. *Gaz beyni diyaframı kaliteli değilse veya yırtıksa, beyin işlevini göremez ve araç çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
* Gaz beyninin hava ve gaz ayarı iyi değilse araç çekişten düşer. Karbüratör hava alıyorsa araç yine çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
*Endeksiyon bobin akımının fazla olması meksefeyi, o da pilatini yakabilir. Bu da 3 bin devirden sonra benzinde patlatma yaptırır, gaz da ise çekişi düşürür. Enjeksiyonlu araçlar da benzinde normal ama gaz da çekiş düşükse, bu eksantrik milinde ki bir sorundan kaynaklanıyor olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Bujilerde sorun varsa benzinde de, gazda da araç çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
* Motordaki herhangi bir sorun çekişten düşme sebebidir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Gaz beynine kaloriferden gelen sıcak su yetersiz veya tam ısınmıyorsa araç çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
* Hava ayar vidası bulunan enjeksiyonlu araçlarda ayar iyi değilse, araç patlatma yapar ve çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
* LPG Beyin tamir takımının kalitesiz olması çekişi etkiler.&lt;br /&gt;
* Yağ yakan ve su eksilten arcın çekiş sorunu olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;
*Triger kayışının sente atlaması çekişi etkiler.&lt;br /&gt;
*Subapların aşırı sıkı veya fazla olması benzin ve LPG’de fazla yakıta ve performans kaybına neden olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Hararet yaptırılan araçta, motor zarar görür ve araç çekişten düşer.&lt;br /&gt;
* Buji tırnak aralığı büyükse fazla yakıta ve performans kaybına neden olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* Platin ve meksefedeki sorunlar da ateşleme hatasına, fazla yakıta ve performans kaybına neden olur.&lt;br /&gt;
* karbüratör hava alıyorsa, LPG ve benzinde çekişi düşürür ve patlatmaya neden olur.&lt;br /&gt;
*LPG Beyni tam ısınmıyorsa, gaz iyi yanmayacağından araç çekişten düşer. Beynin ısınması sağlanarak sorun giderilir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Manifoltun hava alması benzinde ve gazda çekişi düşürür.&lt;br /&gt;
* Karbüratörün üzerine konulan mikser araca uygun değilse araç LPG’de performans sorunu yaşar.&lt;br /&gt;
*Karbüratör kelebeğinin arızalı olması rölantiyi bozar, bu ise aracı çekişten düşürebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
10. Birkaç Genel Problem:&lt;br /&gt;
* Aracın sürekli hararet yapması, contanın kalitesizliğine işaret eder.&lt;br /&gt;
* Depoda gaz olduğu halde motora gaz gitmiyorsa, şamandırada sorun var demektir.&lt;br /&gt;
* Avans ayarının düşük olması, ateşleme hatasına, o da teklemeye ve performans kaybına neden olur. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alıntıdır : &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.otogazcenter.com/68-LPG-ARIZALARI.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.otogazcenter.com/68-LPG-ARIZALARI.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/4011864283959069509/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/lpg-arzalar.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4011864283959069509'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4011864283959069509'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/lpg-arzalar.html' title='lpg arızaları'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-760387341479580620</id><published>2011-05-08T06:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T06:47:50.943-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="şanzıman"/><title type='text'>motor ve şanzıman</title><content type='html'>&lt;b&gt;Motor ve sanziman&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;177&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/f1_teknolojisi/F1-Motor.jpg&quot; width=&quot;250&quot; /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Motor.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;I&lt;/b&gt;ki arabanin birbirine en çok benzeyen kismi önemli bir fark disinda  motorlaridir, bu önemli fark motorlarin ürettikleri güçlerdir. Her ikisi de dört  zamanli, akaryakitla çalisan, silindir basina 4 -5 subap kullanan motorlardir,  Formula 1 arabalarinin her bir silindirinin hacmi 300cc, otomobillerimizin ki  400cc&#39;dir. Peki, toplamda 7-8 misli, litre basina 3-4 misli güç farki nereden  kaynaklanmaktadir? &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;u gücün %75&#39;i devir sayisinindan kaynaklanmaktadir diyebiliriz.  Otomobillerimiz gücünün zirvesine 5500-6000 devirlerde ulasirken Formula 1  motorlari 18000 devir ve daha fazla devirlerde maksimum güçlerini elde ederler.  Otomobillerin sinirli devir sayisi, silindire emilen hava miktarini kisitlamakta,  bu da silindir içerisine çekilen yakit miktarini kisitlamaktadir, motorda  üretilecek olan enerji de çok yüksek olamamaktadir. Birim zamanda motor  içerisinde yakilacak olan hava ve yakit miktari, Formula 1 motorlarinda devir  sayisina bagli olarak 3-3,5 misli artmaktadir, bu da üç misli enerji ve güç  anlamina gelir. Güç farkinin %25&#39;i ise yakit ve hava birlesiminin yakilmasindaki  verimin en yüksek düzeyde olmasidir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Y&lt;/b&gt;aris arabalarinin ürettikleri bu yüksek devirler ve güçler motor  parçalarinin olaganüstü bir zorlanmaya maruz kalmalarina sebep olurlar. Her  zaman yüksek güçlere sahip olabilmek için tüm parçalar sik sik kontrol edilip  degistirilmelidir, bu kontrol ve parça degisimlerinin maliyetleri siradan bir  otomobil için kabul edilemez oldugundan 6000 devir yapan otomobiller  kullanmaktayiz. Satin aldigimiz otomobilin periyodik bakimlarini zamaninda  yaptigimizda bize 200.000 km hizmet etmesini isteriz, oysa ki bir Formula 1  motoru sadece 400-500 km ömürlüdür. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Y&lt;/b&gt;aris arabalarinin motor parçalarinin üretiminde kullanilan teknoloji,  yüksek devirle dogrudan baglantili olan yüksek zorlanma ve asinmalara dayanmak  için her geçen gün gelismektedir. Parçalarin hafiflemesi, dayanikliliginin  artmasi için yeni materyaller gelistirilmektedir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Y&lt;/b&gt;aris için üretilen motorlarin bir avantaji da kullanildiklari süre  içerisinde, maksimum devirlerinin %80&#39;i ile %100&#39;ü arasinda çalismalaridir. Bu  da tüm ayarlarin bu dar çalisma araliga göre yapilmalarini saglar, sürekli  yüksek devirde çalismaya göre ayarlanan motorlarin yanma verimleri de yüksek  olmaktadir. Otomobillerimiz ise maksimum devirlerinin %8&#39;i ile %90-95&#39;i arasinda  çalismak durumundadirlar. Bu genis çalisma araliginda yüksek verim elde etmek,  yaris arabalarina göre daha zordur diyebiliriz. Pek çok sürücü yüksek vites,  düsük devirde arabalarini kullanir, mühendisler de bu kullanim sartlarinda çabuk  pes etmeyecek, düsük devirlerde bile iyi çekis saglayabilecek motorlar  üretmelidirler. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;ormula 1 motorlari saglam, hafif ve agirlik merkezi çok asagida olarak  üretilmelidir. Agirlik merkezinin düsürülmesini saglayan bir yaglama sistemi  gelistirilmistir. Otomobillerimizde yagin biriktigi ve krank milinin ve  pistonlarin girip çiktigi bir karter F1 motorlarinda bulunmamaktadir. Yag farkli  bir bölmeden çekilerek motorun hareketli kisimlarina birkaç pompa ile  püskürtülmektedir. Bu sayede motor iyice küçülerek alçalmaktadir. Motorun  alçalmasi agirlik merkezini düsürmekte, arabanin yüksek hizlardaki dengesi ve  köse dönüslerdeki yol tutusu artmaktadir. Otomobillerimizin de motorlari  alüminyum ve plastik parçalarin kullaniminin artmasiyla giderek hafiflemektedir,  Ancak hafif bir motoru sessiz yapmak zorlasmaktadir ve kullanilan parçalarin  servis hizmeti maliyeti arttirmaktadir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;ormula 1 motorlariyla baslayan bilgisayar kontrolleri günlük  otomobillerimizde de kullanilmaktadir. Atesleme, yakit ve hava akisi,  sicakliklar, basinçlar, devirler gibi bir çok degisim tek bir merkeze iletilen  anlik veriler ile kontrol edilmekte, patinaj kontrol, fren kontrol, suspansiyon  sertlik kontrol sistemleri merkezi bilgisayar tarafindan gerektiginde devreye  sokulmaktadir. Otomobillerde güvenlik amaciyla optimize edilerek kullanilan bu  sistemler Formula 1&#39;de daha yüksek hizlar için kullanilmaktadir. Formula 1&#39;de  kullanilan teknoloji ile arabanin motoru dahil her ayari pit ekibi tarafindan  yaris sirasinda degitirilebilmektedir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Sanziman. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;176&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/f1_teknolojisi/t_GEARBOX_SHADED_C_GB4.jpg&quot; width=&quot;241&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;ormula 1 arabalarinda motor arka tekerleklere çok yakin monte edilir.  Bunun performans açisindan sebebi, kuvveti yere iletecek ve arabayi ileri  götürecek olan arka tekerleklere yakin olmaktir. Benzer özellik  otomobillerimizin motorlarinin önde olmasi ve arabalarin çogunun önden çekisli  olmasiyla benzestirilebilir. Motor ile çekis lastiklerinin birbirine yakin  olmasi, aktarma organlarinin boyutlarinin küçülmesini, dolayisiyla maliyetlerin  ve agirliklarin azalmasini saglar, motorun gücünün yola iletilmesindeki kayiplar  da azalir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;tomobillerimiz ya manuel kontrollü, 4-5 asamali, senkromeçli ya da  otomatik vites kutuludur. Formula 1 sanzimanlarinda vites degisimi  elektro-hidrolik bir sistemle yapilmaktadir. Direksiyonun hemen arkasinda  bulunan iki mandal ile pilot vitesleri arttirma veya azaltma komutu verir.  Sirali vitesler birbiri ardina degisir, her bir vites degisimi 30 milisaniye  sürmektedir, böylece araba ivmesinde önemli bir kayip olmadan hizlanmaya devam  edebilir. Formula 1&#39;de tam otomatik vites degisimi henüz serbest birakilmamistir  ama gidisat bu yöndedir. Formula 1&#39;deki bu sanziman teknolojisi  otomobillerimizde de kullanilmaya baslamistir. Tam otomatik, yariotomatik,  direksiyon arkasi mandallarla veya vites kolunu sadece ileri ve geri iterek  degisen vitesler, otomobillerin de yakit tüketimini azaltmakta ve verimini  yükseltmektedir.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/760387341479580620/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/motor-ve-sanzman.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/760387341479580620'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/760387341479580620'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/motor-ve-sanzman.html' title='motor ve şanzıman'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-384214157473788765</id><published>2011-05-08T06:23:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T06:23:27.341-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="rulmanlar"/><title type='text'>rulmanlar</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; LatentStyleCount=&quot;156&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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&lt;h1&gt;RULMAN SÖKÜP TAKMA &lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Rulman değiştirmek çok özen göstererek yapılması gereken bir iştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Atölyede hemen hemen her gün bir godetin değişimi yapılır. godet denilen alet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Dönme hareketi yaparak (7500-8000 dev. Dak.)ipliği çekip mukavemet kazandırır. Her pozisyonda&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;6 adet godet vardır. Bundan ikitanesi hot box içerisinde çalişır. Bu aletler yüksek devirlerde döndüğünden şaftlarına takılan rulmanların sürekli kontrol edilmelidir. en ufak bir bozukluk salgıya ve vibrasyona neden olur. Ayrıca yatakta bozulmaya sebep olur. Yüksek devirde bu salgı ve vibrasyon değerlere yükselir. godetin dağılması söz konusudur. Bu yüzde atölyede sık sık rulman sökülüp yenisiyle değiştirilir. Bunun için ilk önce godet dağıtılır ve hidrolik pres yardımıyla şafta baskı uygulanır ve aparatlar la rulman sökülür. Daha sonra 120 C°&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ısıtılan rulman şafta takılır daha sonra 210C°&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ye ısıtılan godet bileziği gecirilir sıcaklık yardımıyla genleşen rulman şafta rahatlıkla geçer daha sonra el ile kontrol yapılır. Bunlar resimlerle gösterilmiştir. Bir diğer rulman takma yöntemide sıkı geçme ile olur.rulman çakma aparatlarıyla rulman şafta geçer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Emniyet ve kalite açısından bir rulman bir kereden fazla kullanılamaz. Rulman takarken çok dikkatli olunmalıdır. Sarsamadan ve düşürmeden rulman vakumlu torbasından çıkarılıp özenle kullanılmalıdır. Rulmanların sorunsuz çalışması için yağlama çok önemlidir. Godetlerde seramik rulman kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;GODET BALANSI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Bağlantılar yapıldıktan sonra 5 nolu düğme dikey konuma getirilir. Panonun sağ alt yanında bulunan basınç göstergesi 25kg/cm basınca çıkıp yavaş yavaş 5kg/cm basınca düştüğü görülür bu işlem sırasında godetin yağ dönüş hattında yağ geldiği gözlenir. Eğer gelmiyorsa kontrol edilmelidir. Daha sonra bu düğme tekrar yatay konuma getirilir. Bu işlem sistemdeki havayı almak için yapılır. Daha sonra 3 nolu butona basılır bu normal basınçta yağlamayı sağlar .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Şimdi godet çalıştırılabilir. Buna müteakip balans tezgahı HF godet balansı için kodlanmalıdır. Kodlanma işlemi bittikten sonra balans işlemine başlanır. İstenilen yerlere istenen miktarda ağırlıklar alıp veya koyulduktan sonra ebene1 ve ebene2 bölümlerinde tolerans limitleri içerisine IN TOL yazısı yeşil ışık içersinde yanıp söndüğü görülür. Bu tolerans limitleri içerisinde olduğumuzu gösterir. Bu işlemden sonra yapılan balansın vibrasyon analizi ile kontrol edilmesi gerekir. 1mm/sn limit yakalandığında hedefe ulaşılmıştır. Eğer godetlerin kabuk kısmı balaslanacaksa benter şeklinde kayış kullanılarak balans tezgahının motoruna ve özel aparatlarla ray sistemine bağlanan kabuk balansa alınır. Kabukta ağırlık fazla ise kabuğun iç tarafı taşlanarak talaş kaldırılır. Böylece balans sağlanır. Eğer ağırlık eksik ise özel macunlarla veya hazır ağırlıklara kabuk içerisine takviye yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;HF-7 godetlerde balans aşamasında ağırlık alıp koymak için sağ tarafa ısıtıcılı godetlerde &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ısıtıcı sinyalini ileten kabloların bağlandığı parçanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Üzerinde M6 diş çekimi 12 adet delik bulunan alüminyum bir dik mevcuttur. Bunlar istenilen ağırlıklara göre belirli boylarda M6 setskur koyulmak için yapılmıştır. Bu deliklere konulan ağırlıklar istenen miktarı karşılamıyorsa altalnartif olarak ağırlık konan deliğin 180° karşısına delik delerek dengeme yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Balans tezgahının üzerine ortalayacak şekilde ray tipi parça bağlanır. Godet bağlama aparatına balans yapılacak godet sabit ise ve ayarlı ise flanş bağları flanş üzerine balans yapılacak godet bağlanır. Bağlama aparatları ile akış hale gelen godet balans tezgahı üzerindeki ray tipi parçaya bağlanır. Bu bağlamada dikkat edilmesi gerken nokta motor tarafı sola gelecek ve ağırlık koyma paçasının ekseni balns tezgahı sol ayak ekseninin dışında kalmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/384214157473788765/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/rulmanlar.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/384214157473788765'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/384214157473788765'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/rulmanlar.html' title='rulmanlar'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-7144836446478940741</id><published>2011-05-08T05:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T05:47:27.332-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="belgeler"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dönüşümü"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="gerekli"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="için"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="lpg"/><title type='text'>Araçlarda LPG Dönüşümü İçin Gerekli Belgeler</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; LatentStyleCount=&quot;156&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:10.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-ansi-language:#0400;
 mso-fareast-language:#0400;
 mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Araçlarda LPG Dönüşümü İçin Gerekli Belgeler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;yazi&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Araçlarda LPG Dönüşümü İçin Gerekli Belgeler:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Fatura,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Montaj      Tespit Raporu,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;İmalat      Yeterlilik belgesi,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Karayolu      Uygunluk Belgesi,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Karayolları      Muayene İstasyonundan tespit yaptırılacak,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Dilekçe,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;İki adet      Araç Trafik Tescil ve Müracaat İşlem Formu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l2 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Yeni      tescil ve trafik belgesi (Trafik Tescil Şube veya Bürosundan),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-list: l7 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Eski      tescil ve trafik belgeleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;yazi&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;&quot;&gt;Aracın kayıtlı olduğu tescil kuruluşuna müracaat edilebileceği gibi, herhangi bir tescil kuruluşuna da müracaat edilebilir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/7144836446478940741/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/araclarda-lpg-donusumu-icin-gerekli.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7144836446478940741'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7144836446478940741'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/araclarda-lpg-donusumu-icin-gerekli.html' title='Araçlarda LPG Dönüşümü İçin Gerekli Belgeler'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-7454685527288689048</id><published>2011-05-08T05:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T05:40:10.089-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="GÖREVLERİ"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SEGMANLAR"/><title type='text'>SEGMANLAR ve GÖREVLERİ</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;GÖREVLERİ:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1-&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Silindir cidarlarına belirli bir basınç yaparak, pistonla sızdırmazlık temin edip, zamanların oluşmasını sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanlar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; silindir içinde fazla yağı sıyırarak, pistonla silindir arasında yağ filmi oluşmasını temin eder ve hem silindirin yağlanmasını sağlar, hem de motorun yağ yakmasını önler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Piston başındaki yüksek ısıyı, silindir cidarına oradan da soğutma suyuna ileterek pistonların soğumasına yardımcı olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;SEGMANLARIN TASARIMI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Malzeme Seçimi: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Malzememiz yüksek dayanımlı gri dökme demirdir. Bu malzeme iyi sürtünme teşkil ettiği gibi, motorda meydana gelen yüksek sıcaklık ve yüksek basınca karşı koyarak uzun zaman esnekliklerini kaybetmedikleri için görevlerini daha uzun ve başarılı bir şekilde yaparlar. Ayrıca içerisine katılan katkı maddeleri sayesinde ısı iletimi de çok iyidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 126.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -126.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;C&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;%&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.80 – 3.30&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Si&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;%&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;1.40 – 2.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Mn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;%&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;0.50 – 0.80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;%&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;0.15 &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;S&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;%&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;0.12 &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Karbon(C):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Dayanımı azaltır. Ergime sıcaklığını düşürür. Ancak&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;sementit&lt;/span&gt; yani Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;C olarak doğada bulunduğu için malzemenin bünyesinde bulunmaktadır.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Çünkü dökme demirlerin temel elementlerindendir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Silisyum(Si):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Karbonun serbest halde kalmasını sağlar. Böylece karbon etkisi daha da azalır. Malzemeye elastiklik özelliği kazandırır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Mangan(&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Mn&lt;/span&gt;): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Dökme demiri sertleştirir. Kükürt ile birleşerek kükürdün kötü etkisini azaltır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Fosfor(P): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kükürt miktarının artması kırılganlığı meydana getirir. Demir ile birleşince Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;P oluşur ve etkisi azalır. Malzeme eritilirken içine atılmak zorundadır. Akıcılığı artırır. İstenilmeyen bir elementtir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kükürt(S): &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yapıya etkisi çok fazladır. Malzemenin aşırı derecede sertleşmesine neden olur. İşlenmesini azaltır. Malzemede istenilmez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;***Yüksek dayanımlı dökme demir imal edilirken geç soğutulduğu için moleküller arasındaki boşluk azdır. Diğer malzemelere nazaran daha toktur. Bunun için ısı iletimi iyidir. &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt; yüzeyi &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;krom(&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Cr&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; ile kaplanır. Bunun nedeni sertliği artırmak, aşınmayı önlemektir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Pistondan Alınan Ölçüler:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;79,83 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;= 79,80 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;S1&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;1,43 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;S2&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;1,995 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;yağ&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;2,55 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Hesaplarında Kullanılan Simgelerin Şekil Üzerinde Gösterimi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;352&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image002.jpg&quot; width=&quot;416&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; Tasarımında Kullanılacak Simgeler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;σ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanlar&lt;/span&gt; da maksimum eğilme gerilmesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;radyal&lt;/span&gt; basıncı(silindirlerin &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanlara&lt;/span&gt; yaptığı temas basıncıdır).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Radyal&lt;/span&gt; kalınlık&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;r&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; iç yarı çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; dış yarı çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Silindir çapı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image004.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Birinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; kapanma miktarı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Dökme demirin elastikiyet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;T 1&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Birinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanının&lt;/span&gt; serbest haldeki toplam açılma miktarı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;T2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanının&lt;/span&gt; serbest haldeki toplam açılma miktarı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;TY&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanının&lt;/span&gt; serbest haldeki toplam açılma miktarı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Pistonun 1. kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yuva yüksekliği&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Birinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yüksekliği&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Pistonun 2. kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yuva yüksekliği&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yüksekliği &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Pistonun yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yüksekliği.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yüksekliği&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;s&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; yuvasını derinliği &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Segmanlarda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Maksimum Eğilme Gerilme&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;(&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;σ&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;) Hesabı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Eğilme gerilmesi, pistonun silindir içerisindeki hareketinden dolayı &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;sekmanların&lt;/span&gt; silindir yüzeyi ile yapmış olduğu sürtünmeden dolayı oluşur. &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanlarda&lt;/span&gt; maksimum eğilme gerilmesi (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;σ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;) günümüz motorlarına göre alınan ölçülerin hesaplanması ve gri dökme demirlerin eğilme gerilmesi olarak 2300-2750 kg/ cm&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;. Bizde yaptığımız ölçümlerin tasarladığımız motora en uygunu olarak ve içerisine atılan katkı malzemelerinden dolayı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;σ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; 2700 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;bulduk. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; maksimum eğilme gerilmesinin ve &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;radyal&lt;/span&gt; kalınlık formülünü yazacak olursak;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;56&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image006.gif&quot; width=&quot;137&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;46&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;88&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image010.gif&quot; width=&quot;54&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kaynaklardan alınan bilgilere göre otomotiv motorlarında &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/b&gt; değeri 2 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;alınır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yukarıdaki maksimum eğilme gerilmesini (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;σ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;) verilen formüller yardımı ile &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanın&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;radyal&lt;/span&gt; kalınlığı (g) elde edecek şekle getirelim.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;68&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image012.gif&quot; width=&quot;107&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Bu formüller ışığında hesaplamaları yaparsak;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image014.gif&quot; width=&quot;49&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image016.gif&quot; width=&quot;132&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image018.gif&quot; width=&quot;100&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;69&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image020.gif&quot; width=&quot;223&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;g =3.4389 mm bulunur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; iç çapını (r) ise g = &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-r formülünü düzenleyerek bulalım; g = &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;formülünü&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;r = &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;- g&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;şeklinde yazarak &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; iç çapını &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;r = &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;- g&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; r =3,9915 – 0,34389 = 3,647 cm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; r = 36,476mm&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;buluruz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Silindir İçindeki Ağız Aralığı (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için kaynaklardan alınan verilere göre her 25 mm si için 0.1 mm diğerlerinde ise 0.075 mm olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;220&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image022.jpg&quot; width=&quot;312&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Birinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;56&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image024.gif&quot; width=&quot;372&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;0,31 mm bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;56&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image026.gif&quot; width=&quot;421&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;0,2325 mm bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için ağız aralığı (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;56&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image028.gif&quot; width=&quot;416&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;0,2325 mm bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;1. kompresyon sekmanı ağız aralığı diğerlerinden daha fazladır. Çünkü yanma sonunda piston tepesinde oluşan yüksek sıcaklık 1.kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;sekmanına&lt;/span&gt; daha fazla tesir eder. Malzemeler aynı olduğu için 1. kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;sekmanının&lt;/span&gt; da daha fazla genleşme görülecektir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Kapanma Miktarı (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; kapanma miktarı &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; silindir içerisine takıldığındaki &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; ağız aralığına kadar olan miktardır. Buna &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;kadar olan içe esneme payı diyebiliriz. Şekil 3`de &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanın&lt;/span&gt; kapanma miktarı açık halde görülmektedir. Formülümüz ise;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;50&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image030.gif&quot; width=&quot;107&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;şeklindedir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Formülde kullanılan elastikiyet modülü (E) dökme demire ait olan 800.000 kg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; elastikiyet modülü kullanılacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/motor_tasarimi/segmanlarin_tasarimi_dosyalar/image032.gif&quot; width=&quot;257&quot; /&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= 22,411 mm kapanma miktarı bulunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Serbest Haldeki Toplam Açılma Miktarı (K&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segmanın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; boşta iken silindire takılmadan serbest haldeki &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; ağız aralığıdır. Bu ise &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt; kapanma miktarı ile &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanın&lt;/span&gt; silindir içindeki ağız aralığının toplamıdır. Yani;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 50px; left: -1px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 8px; width: 106px; z-index: 1;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;   &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;white&quot; height=&quot;42&quot; style=&quot;background: white; border: .75pt solid black; vertical-align: top;&quot; width=&quot;106&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;left: 0pt; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; z-index: 1;&quot;&gt;   &lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;     &lt;td&gt;     &lt;div class=&quot;shape&quot; style=&quot;padding: 3.6pt 7.2pt 3.6pt 7.2pt;&quot;&gt;     &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;T&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.4pt 111.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Şeklindedir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 35.4pt 111.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Birinci Kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanının&lt;/span&gt; Serbest Haldeki Toplam Açılma Miktarı (K&lt;sub&gt;T 1&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;T 1 &lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;1 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;T 1 &lt;/sub&gt;= 2,2411+ 0,031 = 2.2721cm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;T1 &lt;/sub&gt;= 22,721mm &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci Kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanının&lt;/span&gt; Serbest Haldeki Toplam Açılma Miktarı (K&lt;sub&gt;T2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;T 2 &lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;T 2 &lt;/sub&gt;= 2,2411+ 0,02325 = 2,2641cm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;T2 &lt;/sub&gt;= 22,641mm &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segmanının&lt;/span&gt; Serbest Haldeki Toplam Açılma Miktarı (K&lt;sub&gt;TY&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;TY &lt;/sub&gt;= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Y &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;TY &lt;/sub&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2,2411+ 0,02325 = 2,2641cm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;Þ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; K&lt;sub&gt;T2 &lt;/sub&gt;= 22,641mm &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; Yükseklikleri (&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Kaynaklardan alınan bilgilere göre 1. kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; yan boşluğu 0,05 mm diğerleri ise 0,04 mm &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;. Ancak tasarım aşamasında yağın yanma bölgesine &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;geçmesini&lt;/span&gt; engellemek için 0,025 mm den daha fazla alınmamalıdır. Bunu 1. kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segmanı&lt;/span&gt; için seçersek diğerleri daha az olacağından 0,020mm alındı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Birinci Kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt; Yüksekliği (hs&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;h1 style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; = &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;– 0,025&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;1 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt; = 1,43&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;– 0,025 = 1,405 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;İkinci Kompresyon &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt; Yüksekliği (hs&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt; = hs&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;– 0,025 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;hs&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt; =1,99– 0,025 =1,965 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Yağ &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt; Yüksekliği (&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;.&lt;/sub&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt; = &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;– 0,025 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;h&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;seg&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;sub&gt; &lt;/sub&gt;= 2,55– 0,025 = 2,525 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bulunan bu yükseklikler emniyetli gerilmeye göre bulunduğu için daha düşük bir değer alamazlar. Eğer daha yüksek bir değer verecek olursak &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;şekmanın&lt;/span&gt; silindir yüzeyine yapacağı basınç yani &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;radyal&lt;/span&gt; basınç (p) azalacağından kompresyon kaçakları oluşur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; iç yüzeyi ile pistondaki &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;segman&lt;/span&gt; yeri arasındaki boşluk otomotiv motorlarında 0,2 &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt; yuvasını derinliği (&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;s&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;= piston tepesinin yarı çapı + 0,2 +g – &lt;span class=&quot;SpellE&quot;&gt;r&lt;sub&gt;o&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;= 39,9 + 0,2 + 3,4389 – 39,915&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: center 8.0cm left 372.75pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;= 3,6239 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/7454685527288689048/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/segmanlar-ve-gorevleri.html#comment-form' title='1 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7454685527288689048'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7454685527288689048'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/segmanlar-ve-gorevleri.html' title='SEGMANLAR ve GÖREVLERİ'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-5837756902680441312</id><published>2011-05-08T05:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T05:38:08.014-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dizayn"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="piston"/><title type='text'>PİSTON     DİZAYNI</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;w:BrowserLevel&gt;MicrosoftInternetExplorer4&lt;/w:BrowserLevel&gt;  &lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; LatentStyleCount=&quot;156&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Normal Tablo&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:10.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;
 mso-ansi-language:#0400;
 mso-fareast-language:#0400;
 mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1027&quot;/&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;   &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;  &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Verilen Değerler:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;D=79,5&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;S=80,5&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image002.gif&quot; width=&quot;25&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=7,094Mpa&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image004.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=5750d/d&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image006.gif&quot; width=&quot;47&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=7000d/d&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston Alanı;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image010.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image012.gif&quot; width=&quot;35&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image014.gif&quot; width=&quot;109&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image010.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0,004961&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image016.gif&quot; width=&quot;23&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image018.gif&quot; width=&quot;35&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0,0044&lt;i&gt;MN&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image020.gif&quot; width=&quot;31&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=100&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image022.gif&quot; width=&quot;49&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image024.gif&quot; width=&quot;23&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image026.gif&quot; width=&quot;53&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image028.gif&quot; width=&quot;92&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0,496&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image030.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;45&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image032.gif&quot; width=&quot;23&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image034.gif&quot; width=&quot;44&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=0,314 (Biyel oranı)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston başı kalınlığı;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=(0,05&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;13&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image036.gif&quot; width=&quot;13&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;0,10)D=0,09D&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image038.gif&quot; width=&quot;73&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=7,155&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston boyu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;H=(0,8&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;13&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image036.gif&quot; width=&quot;13&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1,3)D=D=79,5&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston etek yüksekliği ;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image043.gif&quot; width=&quot;17&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=(0,6&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;13&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image036.gif&quot; width=&quot;13&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;0,10)D=0,7D&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image043.gif&quot; width=&quot;17&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image045.gif&quot; width=&quot;65&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=55,65&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Segman genişliği(Yağ sıyırıcı segman) ;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;t =(0,038&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;13&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image036.gif&quot; width=&quot;13&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;0,043)D=0,040D&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;t =&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image048.gif&quot; width=&quot;81&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=3,18&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Segman ve yuvası arasındaki boşluk;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;t =0,9&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;¸&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1,1 = 1&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston başı cidar kalınlığı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;s = (0,05&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;¸&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;0,10)D=0,07D&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;s =0,07&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;´&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;79,5=5,565&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image040.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;1.Segman&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;oturma yuvası genişliği&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image051.gif&quot; width=&quot;168&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Yağ delikleri sayısı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image053.gif&quot; width=&quot;53&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Yağ deliği çapı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image055.gif&quot; width=&quot;67&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Alüminyum alaşımlı piston için&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image057.gif&quot; width=&quot;124&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Dökme demir silindir için&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image059.gif&quot; width=&quot;124&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h1&gt;Piston Başına Gelen Eğilme Gerilmesi&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;*&quot; height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image061.gif&quot; width=&quot;121&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;*&quot; height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image063.gif&quot; width=&quot;408&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image067.gif&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Müsaade edilen gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Al için &lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image069.gif&quot; width=&quot;89&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image071.gif&quot; width=&quot;121&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 50&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;¸&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;150&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image073.gif&quot; width=&quot;35&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(UYGUNDUR)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pistonun&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image075.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Kesitinde Basma Gerilmesi (&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image077.gif&quot; width=&quot;43&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image079.gif&quot; width=&quot;191&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;12&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image081.gif&quot; width=&quot;347&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image083.gif&quot; width=&quot;416&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image085.gif&quot; width=&quot;337&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;45&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image087.gif&quot; width=&quot;435&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image089.gif&quot; width=&quot;315&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image091.gif&quot; width=&quot;344&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Al alaşımlı piston için müsaade edilen basma gerilmesi;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image093.gif&quot; width=&quot;127&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image095.gif&quot; width=&quot;311&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Çekme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;32&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image097.gif&quot; width=&quot;43&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image099.gif&quot; width=&quot;356&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;(x-x) kesiti üstünde segmanlara takılı piston kütlesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image101.gif&quot; width=&quot;33&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image103.gif&quot; width=&quot;259&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Maksimum atalet kuvveti(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image105.gif&quot; width=&quot;19&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image107.gif&quot; width=&quot;213&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image109.gif&quot; width=&quot;192&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image111.gif&quot; width=&quot;429&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image113.gif&quot; width=&quot;256&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Al alaşımlar için müsaade edilen gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;32&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image115.gif&quot; width=&quot;120&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;32&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image117.gif&quot; width=&quot;293&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;En Üst Segman Oturma Yüzeyine Gelen Kesme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image119.gif&quot; width=&quot;16&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image121.gif&quot; width=&quot;157&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image123.gif&quot; width=&quot;252&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;En Üst Segman Oturma Yüzeyine Gelen Eğilme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;31&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image125.gif&quot; width=&quot;488&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;En Üst Segman Oturma Yüzeyine Gelen Bileşik Gerilme(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image127.gif&quot; width=&quot;29&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -11.0pt; position: relative; top: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image129.gif&quot; width=&quot;399&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Al alaşımları için müsaade edilen gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image131.gif&quot; width=&quot;115&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -9.0pt; position: relative; top: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image133.gif&quot; width=&quot;265&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Piston Yan Yüzeylerine Gelen Özgül Basınç;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image135.gif&quot; width=&quot;79&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image137.gif&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image139.gif&quot; width=&quot;80&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;44&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image141.gif&quot; width=&quot;205&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Piston Baş ve Eteği Çapları (&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image143.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ve &lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image145.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image147.gif&quot; width=&quot;85&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image149.gif&quot; width=&quot;84&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image151.gif&quot; width=&quot;391&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image153.gif&quot; width=&quot;380&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image155.gif&quot; width=&quot;217&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image157.gif&quot; width=&quot;199&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Motor Rejim Halindeki Sıcaklıklara Göre Çap Boşlukları;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image159.gif&quot; width=&quot;351&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image161.gif&quot; width=&quot;331&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image163.gif&quot; width=&quot;77&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image165.gif&quot; width=&quot;72&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image167.gif&quot; width=&quot;73&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image169.gif&quot; width=&quot;73&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;kabul&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;edildi.(Su soğutmalı motor için)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image171.gif&quot; width=&quot;469&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image173.gif&quot; width=&quot;97&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image175.gif&quot; width=&quot;461&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image177.gif&quot; width=&quot;97&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;SEGMAN&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;DİZAYNI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Segman&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;malzemesi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;gri dökme demir&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image179.gif&quot; width=&quot;117&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Segman genişliği&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image181.gif&quot; width=&quot;76&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Motor çalışma halinde iken müsaade edilen minimum boşluk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image183.gif&quot; width=&quot;91&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Segman ağız açıklığı arasındaki fark&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image185.gif&quot; width=&quot;195&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ortalama Segman Basıncı(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image187.gif&quot; width=&quot;23&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image189.gif&quot; width=&quot;212&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image191.gif&quot; width=&quot;369&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Segman Açılarına Göre Segman Çeper Basıncının Bulunması;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image193.gif&quot; width=&quot;81&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;background: #D9D9D9; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 4.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-left: center; mso-table-lspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-rspace: 7.05pt; mso-table-top: 16.7pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.45pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 56.75pt;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;(Derece)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 49.0pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;180&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.45pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 56.75pt;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;1,05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;1,05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;1,14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 49.0pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;2,85&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.45pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.5pt; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 56.75pt;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;P(MPa)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,138&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,138&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,118&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,0594&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 48.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,0884&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border-top: none; height: 22.45pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; padding: .75pt .75pt 0cm .75pt; width: 49.0pt;&quot; width=&quot;65&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-element-anchor-horizontal: margin; mso-element-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-element-frame-hspace: 7.05pt; mso-element-left: center; mso-element-top: 16.7pt; mso-element-wrap: around; mso-element: frame; mso-height-rule: exactly; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;0,376&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image195.gif&quot; width=&quot;289&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image197.gif&quot; width=&quot;297&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image199.gif&quot; width=&quot;297&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image201.gif&quot; width=&quot;301&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image203.gif&quot; width=&quot;319&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image205.gif&quot; width=&quot;319&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image207.gif&quot; width=&quot;309&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;SEGMAN BASINÇ DİYAGRAMI&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; height=&quot;535&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image209.jpg&quot; width=&quot;414&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Motor Rejim Halinde Çalışma Durumunda Eğilme Zorlanması(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image211.gif&quot; width=&quot;33&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image211.gif&quot; width=&quot;33&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image213.gif&quot; width=&quot;339&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image211.gif&quot; width=&quot;33&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image215.gif&quot; width=&quot;59&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Segmanın Montajı Esnasında Eğilme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image217.gif&quot; width=&quot;36&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image217.gif&quot; width=&quot;36&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image219.gif&quot; width=&quot;160&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;m=1,57 (Kayma faktörü)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image217.gif&quot; width=&quot;36&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image221.gif&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image211.gif&quot; width=&quot;33&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image215.gif&quot; width=&quot;59&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image217.gif&quot; width=&quot;36&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;/b&gt;284&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image223.gif&quot; width=&quot;153&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;(UYGUNDUR&lt;b&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Segman Ağızlarında Motor Soğuk Halde İken Boşluk(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;17&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image225.gif&quot; width=&quot;21&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image227.gif&quot; width=&quot;319&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image229.gif&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;=&lt;/b&gt;0,382&lt;i&gt;mm&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image231.gif&quot; width=&quot;189&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(UYGUNDUR)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;PİSTON PERNOSU DİZAYNI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Maksimum yanma basıncı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image233.gif&quot; width=&quot;164&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Maksimum momentin elde edildiği devir sayısı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image235.gif&quot; width=&quot;103&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perno dış çapı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image237.gif&quot; width=&quot;149&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perno iç çapı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image239.gif&quot; width=&quot;93&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Perno uzunluğu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image241.gif&quot; width=&quot;224&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Biyel küçük başı perno burcu(yatağı) boyu uzunluğu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image243.gif&quot; width=&quot;148&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston perno yuvası ana boşluğu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;b=32&lt;i&gt;mm&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Piston pernosu elastikiyet modülü&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image245.gif&quot; width=&quot;120&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image247.gif&quot; width=&quot;116&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image249.gif&quot; width=&quot;95&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image251.gif&quot; width=&quot;67&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Maksimum Gaz Kuvveti ve Atalet Kuvveti(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image253.gif&quot; width=&quot;36&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image255.gif&quot; width=&quot;20&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image257.gif&quot; width=&quot;335&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;27&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image259.gif&quot; width=&quot;179&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image261.gif&quot; width=&quot;260&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image263.gif&quot; width=&quot;424&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Pernoya Gelen Kuvvet (P);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image265.gif&quot; width=&quot;116&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;k=0,82(Otto motorlar için)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image267.gif&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biyel Küçük Başına İletilen Özgül Basınç(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image269.gif&quot; width=&quot;25&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image271.gif&quot; width=&quot;296&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Piston Perno Burçlarındaki(Yataklarındaki) Özgül Basınç(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -6.0pt; position: relative; top: 6.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image273.gif&quot; width=&quot;19&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;47&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image275.gif&quot; width=&quot;371&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Piston Pernosuna Etki Eden Eğilme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -17.0pt; position: relative; top: 17.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image278.gif&quot; width=&quot;447&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -10.0pt; position: relative; top: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;29&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image065.gif&quot; width=&quot;28&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;/b&gt;212&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -13.0pt; position: relative; top: 13.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image280.gif&quot; width=&quot;171&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Biyel Küçük Başı ve Piston Perno Yuvası Ara Boşluğundaki Kesit Düzlemde Kesme Gerilmesi(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image119.gif&quot; width=&quot;16&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -17.0pt; position: relative; top: 17.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image282.gif&quot; width=&quot;172&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image284.gif&quot; width=&quot;219&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;*&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image119.gif&quot; width=&quot;16&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=129&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Piston Pernosunun Maksimum Ovalleşme Artışı(&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image286.gif&quot; width=&quot;48&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;52&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image288.gif&quot; width=&quot;301&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -15.0pt; position: relative; top: 15.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;48&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image290.gif&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ovalleşmeden Dolayı Perno 1 Noktası ve &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image292.gif&quot; width=&quot;19&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Dış Yatay Düzlemde Oluşan Gerilme (Dış Yüzeyde); &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image294.gif&quot; width=&quot;428&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image296.gif&quot; width=&quot;508&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;=108&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ovalleşmeden Dolayı Perno 3 Noktası ve &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image298.gif&quot; width=&quot;27&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Düşey&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Düzlemde Oluşan Gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(Dış Yüzeyde);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image300.gif&quot; width=&quot;457&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image302.gif&quot; width=&quot;527&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;=-&lt;/b&gt;221&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ovalleşmeden Dolayı Perno 2 Noktası ve &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image292.gif&quot; width=&quot;19&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Yatay&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Düzlemde Oluşan Gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(İç Yüzeyde);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image305.gif&quot; width=&quot;443&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image307.gif&quot; width=&quot;537&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;=-328&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ovalleşmeden Dolayı Perno 4 Noktası ve &lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;=&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;21&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image298.gif&quot; width=&quot;27&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Düşey&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Düzlemde Oluşan Gerilme&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(İç Yüzeyde);&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image309.gif&quot; width=&quot;449&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-text-raise: -16.0pt; position: relative; top: 16.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;51&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/04/clip_image311.gif&quot; width=&quot;535&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;=178&lt;i&gt;MPa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/5837756902680441312/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/piston-dizayni.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5837756902680441312'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5837756902680441312'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/piston-dizayni.html' title='PİSTON     DİZAYNI'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-6188610639834879978</id><published>2011-05-08T05:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T05:35:13.680-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="radyatör"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="radyotör"/><title type='text'>oto  radyatör.</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;style&gt;
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&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1030&quot;/&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;   &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;  &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1. Soğutma Sistemi Nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Güvenirlik ve verimlilik gereksinimleri uyarınca, bir yapı ya da aygıtın sıcaklığının belirli bir değeri geçmesini önlemekte kullanılan sistemdir. Soğutma sistemleri; otomobillerde, sanayi kuruluşlarındaki makina donanımlarında, nükleer reaktörlerde ve başka pek çok makina türünde kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2. Otomobillerdeki Soğutma Sistemleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Otomobillerde kullanılan soğutma sistemlerinin görevi, tüm motor hızlarında ve tüm sürüş şartlarında, motor sıcaklığını en verimli seviyelerde tutmaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;İçten yanmalı ve patlamalı motorların sağlıklı çalışması için ideal bir sıcaklık vardır. Soğuk havalarda bu sıcaklığa ulaşıncaya kadar tam verimle çalışamayan motorlar, bu sıcaklığı aşınca da performanslarını kaybederler. Motorun ısınmasının sebebi, yanma olayı ve hareketli parçaların birbirine sürtünmesi sırasında ortaya çıkan ısıdır. Silindir içindeki hava-yakıt karışımının yanması sırasında oluşan ısı (2000-2500 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C) motorun dökme demir ve alüminyumdan oluşan parçalarını eritecek kadar yüksektir. Malzemelerin özelliklerini kaybetmemeleri ve erimemeleri için soğutulmaları gerekir. Oluşan sıcaklığın bir kısmı, silindir yüzeyleri, silindir kapağı ve pistonlar tarafından absorbe edilir. Ayrıca motor yağı da bu derecelerin çok altındaki sıcaklıklarda yanar ve yağlama özelliklerini kaybeder. Motorların soğutulmasında, yağlama yağının ve taşıtlardaki seyir rüzgarının soğutma etkisinden faydalanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.1. Sıvı Soğutmalı Motorlar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bu motorlarda silindir duvarları erafında bulunan sıvı ceketlerindeki sıvının, devridaim pompası ile hareketi hızlandırılarak, silindir duvar ve kapağının soğuması sağlanır. Zorlanmış taşınım (konveksiyon) olarak da adlandırılan bu taşıma metodunda, silindir duvar ve kapağında ısınan sıvı, radyatör peteklerinde soğur ve yeniden sıvı ceketlerine gönderilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.2. Hava Soğutmalı Motorlar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hava ile soğutulan motor silindirlerinin dış yüzeylerinde ince metal kanatçıklar yapılarak ısı alışveriş yüzeyi artırılır. Motor krank milinden hareket alan büyük bir fan ile hızlı ve yönlendirilmiş hava akışı elde edilir ve motor yağı yardımıyla silindirlerin soğuması sağlanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.3. Bir Otomobilde Bulunan Soğutma Sisteminin Elemanları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör alt haznesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Alt hortum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Su pompası&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Silindir bloğunda yer alan su ceketleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Silindir kafasında yer alan su ceketleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Termostat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Üst hortum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Isıtıcıya giden hortum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aç/kapa düğmesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Isıtıcı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;12.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Isıtıcıdan geri dönüş hortumu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3. Radyatör&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör, motorların soğutma devrelerinde dolaşan soğutma sıvısındaki ısısının dış ortama atılmasını sağlayan petekli elemandır. Motorun sıvı ceketlerinde ısınarak üst su deposuna gelen su, birleştirme borularından alt su deposuna geçer. Geçerken, ısısını önce borulara, borulardan ince kanatçıklara ve taşıtın seyir halinde bulunması sebebiyle radyatöre çarpan havaya iletir. Radyatördeki sıvı bu şekilde soğutulur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4. Radyatör Tipleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Borulu ve Düz Kanatçıklı Radyatör: Soğutma sıvısının içinde aktığı çeşitli kesit alanları olan boruların üzerine geçirilen düz kanatçıklardan kurulu petekten oluşan radyatördür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Borulu ve Kıvrılmış Kanatçıklı Radyatör: “Z” şeklinde kıvrılmış kanatçıkların, yan yana konulan boruların arasında dizilmesi ile kurulan petekten oluşan radyatördür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hücreli Radyatör: Soğutma sıvısı şerit metallerden yapılmış kanallardan geçen ve kanatçık malzemesi hücreli biçimde olan petekten oluşmuş radyatördür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lehim Malzemeli Radyatör: Soğutma sıvısı haznesi kollektöre lehim veya kaynakla bağlantılı radyatördür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Civatalı Radyatör: Soğutma sıvısı haznesi kollektöre civata ile bağlanan radyatördür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5. Bir Radyatörün Parçaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Kapağı: Radyatör doldurma boğazını kapatan ve radyatörün içinde basıncın belli bir değerden yukarı çıkmasını ve belirli bir vakum değerinden aşağı düşmesini önleyen elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Peteği: Boru ve kanatçıklardan oluşan elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Boşaltma Musluğu: Radyatör soğutma sıvısının boşaltıldığı musluktur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Taşma Borusu: Genleşen soğutma sıvısının ve buharın dışarıya atılmasını sağlayan borudur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Su Doldurma Boğazı: Radyatörün üst haznesine kaynak edilen ve radyatöre soğutma sıvısının doldurulmasına yarayan borudur. Ağzı, radyatör kapağı takılacak şekilde işlenmiş olan boru biçimindeki elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Üst Haznesi: Radyatör peteğinin üst kısmına monte edilen, taşma borusu, su doldurma boğazı ve soğutma sıvısı giriş borusunun bağlandığı elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Alt Haznesi: Radyatör peteğinin alt kısmına monte edilen boşaltma musluğu ve alt çıkış borusunun bağlandığı elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kollektör: Soğutma sıvısını soğutucu elemanlara dağıtan elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Davlumbaz: Radyatör peteğine gelen hava akımının istenilen yönde akmasını sağlayan elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Peteği Çevresi: Peteği dış etkilere karşı koruyan ve radyatörün taşıta bağlanmasında kullanılan elemandır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;6. Radyatör Parçalarının Malzemeleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 53.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kanatçık Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kanatçıklar; elektrolitik bakır, ateşle rafine edilmiş iletkenliği yüksek bakır, elektrolitik özlü bakır ve ya diokside edilmiş yüksek fosfor kalıntılı bakır şeritlerden yapılır. Şeritler soğuk haddelenerek yapılır ve tavlanabilir. Kanatçık malzemesinin sertliği 60-120 VSD arasında olmalıdır. Bakır alaşımlarının kimyasal bileşimi Tablo-1’de verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 43.65pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kısa Gösteriliş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bakır Tipleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bileşim Elementleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 43.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bileşimde Bulunabilecek   Diğer Elementler (max)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(Gümüş Hariç)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 35.15pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 35.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu – CATH&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Elektrolitik Bakır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu: 99,90 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bi: 0,001 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pb: 0,005 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 35.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,03&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 42.0pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu – FRHC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ateşe refine edilmiş iletkenliği yüksek bakır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu: 99,90 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ag: 0,05-0,08&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bi: 0,0025 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pb: 0,005 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,04&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 34.85pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 34.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu – ETP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 34.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Elektrolitik özlü Bakır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 34.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu: 99,90 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bi: 0,001&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pb: 0,005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 34.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,03&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 84.95pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu – DHP-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Diokside edilmiş yüksek fosfor kalıntılı bakır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu: 99,5 min&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;An: 0,005 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ar: 0,05 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bi: 0,003 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fe: 0,03 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pb: 0,01 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ni: 0,15 max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;P: 0,02-0,10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 84.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; Bileşimdeki gümüş, bakır elementine ilave edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tablo-1: Bakır Alaşımlarından Yapılan Kanatçık Malzemesinin Kimyasal Bileşimi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Boru Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Borular bakır-çinko alaşımından yapılmalı ve sertliği 80-140 VSD arasında olmalıdır. Boru malzemesinin kimyasal bileşimi Tablo-2’de verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 55.05pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 42.0pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kısa Gösteriliş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Pb&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(max)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Fe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(max)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Zn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;180&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bileşimde Bulunan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Toplam Diğer Elementler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(Kurşun Demir Dahil)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(max)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 14.25pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu Zn 90&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;68,5-71,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,05&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Geri kalan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 14.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;180&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 13.0pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cu Zn 35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 2.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;61,5-64,5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 42.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;57&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 63.8pt;&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Geri kalan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 13.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 134.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;180&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 49.65pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tablo-2: Boru malzemesinin kimyasal bileşimi (% olarak)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Üst ve Alt Haznesi ile Üst Plaka Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör üst ve alt haznesi ile üst plaka malzemesi, soğuk haddelenmiş bakır-çinko alaşımından yapılmış olmalıdır. Bakır-çinko alaşımı sacların özellikleri TS 553’e uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Peteği Çerçevesi Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Çelik ve kaplamalı sacdan TS 149 yapımlı ve peteğe lehimlendikten sonra paslanmayacak şekilde boyanmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Conta Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Asbest esaslı TS 2241, kauçuk esaslı TS 2355 veya mantar contalık levhalardan yapılmış olmalıdır. Conta bükülme deneyi yapıldığında contada çatlama ve kırılma olmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Su Doldurma Boğazı Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Su doldurma boğazı en az 1 mm kalınlığında biçimlenebilen bakır-çinko alaşımından yapılmalıdır. Korozyon deneyinden geçirildikten sonra bozulmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Kapağı Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör kapağını oluşturan tüm malzemeler korozyona dayanıklı metal alaşımdan yapılmalıdır. Kapak korozyon deneyinden sonra bozulmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör Kapağı Conta Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör kapağı conta malzemesinde bozulma ve renk değiştirme vb. kusurlar olmamalıdır. Conta hacim değişikliği &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; %3’ten çok olmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Taşma Borusu Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Taşma borusu, biçimlenebilen bakır-çinko alaşımından yapılmalıdır. Uzantısı PVC borudan imal edilebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma Sıvısı Giriş ve Çıkış Boru Malzemesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma sıvısı giriş ve çıkış boruları en az 1 mm kalınlığında tavlanmış bakır-çinko alaşımı saclardan yapılmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;7. İmalat Aşamasında Dikkat Edilmesi Gereken Hususlar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Genel olarak radyatör ve petek temizlenmiş ve üzerleri kir, kum, metal parçaları, pas, çatlak ve diğer yabancı maddelerden arındırılmış olmalı ve kullanıldığında hasara yol açacak kusurları bulunmamalıdır. Radyatör peteği TS normlarına göre denendiğinde suyun Ph değerindeki değişim 1’den fazla olmamalıdır. Taşma borusunun sıvı doldurma boğazına ve sıvı doldurma boğazının üst hazneye lehimlenmesi veya kaynak edilmesi radyatör kapağının kolayca kapanmasını engellememelidir. Civatalı radyatörlerde üst plakanın conta yerleştirme kısımlarında, lehim parçaları bulunmamalı ve petek kısmı gövdeye montaj yapıldığı zaman, conta üzerine sertleşmeyen cinsten yapıştırıcı madde sürülmelidir. Radyatör taşma borusunun alt ucu, alt haznenin üst seviyesine kadar devam etmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör boyutlarının saptanmasında üretici serbesttir. Lehimli radyatörlerin boyut toleransları ve civatalı radyatörlerin boyut toleransları da verilen değerlere uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Taşma borusunun iç çapı lehimli radyatörlerde en az 8 mm, civatalı radyatörlerde ise en az 10 mm olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kanatçık şeritleri, TS 554’e uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör kapağı ve su doldurma boğazının toleransları verilen değerlere uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kanatçık ve boru malzemesinin toleransları, Tablo - 3’te verilen değerlere uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;  &lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 27.25pt; page-break-inside: avoid;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kalınlık&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.2pt;&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Kalınlık Toleransı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Genişlik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 171.5pt;&quot; width=&quot;229&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Genişlik Toleransı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 27.65pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Normal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(%)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Duyarlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Normal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.45pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Duyarlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;(mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 23.55pt;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,16 (içinde) kadar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;100 (içinde) kadar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 23.55pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.45pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,075&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 18.95pt; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.55pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;0,16-0,30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 49.6pt;&quot; width=&quot;66&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 70.9pt;&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;100’den çok&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3.0cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 18.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 86.45pt;&quot; width=&quot;115&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;±&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 0,1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tablo - 3: Kanatçık ve Boru Malzemesinin Toleransları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatörün petek kısmı, boru ve kanatçıklardan yapılmalı, kanatçıklar borularla ısı iletimi sağlayacak şekilde temasta olmalı ve borulara dik durumda bulunmalıdır. Kanatçıkların sayısı 25 mm aralıkta 9 taneyi aşmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör peteği oluşturulduktan sonra, lehimler tüm birleşme yerlerini dolduracak şekilde yapılmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma sıvısı giriş ve çıkış borularının ağız kısmı ve boyutları uygun olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör; sınıfı, tipi, boyutları, motor su dolaşım pompası cinsi, vantilatör şekil ve devri vb. değişkenlere bağlı olarak motorda oluşan belirli bir ısıyı dışarıya atabilmelidir. Bu nedenle üretici, verilen ısı kaybı ve petek direnci eğrilerini çizmelidir. Isı kaybı deneyleri ile üreticinin verdiği eğrilerden alınan değerler arasındaki sapmalar %5’i geçmemelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;8. İmalattan Sonra Yapılan Testler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Yukarıda açıklanan şartlardan sonra üretilen radyatörler, üretici firma tarafından teste tabi tutulurlar. Testin amacı, üretilen radyatörlerin, alıcı firma tarafından istenen kalitede olup olmadığını anlamaktır. Genelde üretici firmalar, alıcı firmalarla bir anlaşma yaparlar. Anlaşmada, üretilmesi istenen ürünün kalitesi hakkında detaylar mevcuttur. Ayrıca, üretici firmalar, anlaşma kapsamında, alıcı firmalar tarafından denetime tabi tutulurlar. Amaç istenen kaliteyi yakalamak ve devamını sağlamaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Uygulanan testlerden bazıları:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Görünüş Kontrolü: Malzeme eksikliği, darbe, eziklik, oksidasyon olmamalıdır. Petek ezikliği, 3 adetten az ve 1 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;’den küçük olmalıdır. Aralarında 30 cm’den az mesafe olmamalı. Finlerde petek kenarı boyunca eziklik 1 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;’den az olmalı. Çizik boyu 50 mm’den az olmalıdır. Çizik genişlik ve derinliği 1 x 0,5’ten az olmalı, haznelerde hasar olmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;İç Temizlik: Klor konsantrasyonu test edilir. Bulunacak maksimum değerler; Cl için 15 mg/lt ve NaCl için 22,5 mg/lt’dir. Klor tayini gravimetrik yöntemle yapılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bağlantı Pimleri Mukavemeti: Radyatörün bağlantı pimlerinin mukavemeti ölçülür. Bağlantı pimleri, her dört yönde uygulanan 50 daN’luk kuvvete dayanmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Vakum Testi: Radyatör, 97.10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; pa negatif basınçta 1 dakika süreyle tutulur. Sonuçta deformasyon görülmemelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Statik Basınç Testi: Basınç, 0,2 bar artırılarak 2,2 bara kadar çıkarılır. 30 saniye uygulanır. Oluşacak sızıntı değerinin 25 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h‘ı aşmaması istenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatöre TS’de belirtilen performans testi uygulandığında deney süresince radyatör giriş borusundaki suyun sıcaklığı ile hava sıcaklığı arasındaki fark, 55 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C’den fazla olmamalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bu testlerin dışında uygulanan diğer testler ise: Boyutsal kontroller, yaşlandırma testi, dış korozyon testi, termal şok testi, basınç darbe testi, sirkülasyon testi ve titreşim testidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9. Boyutlandırma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatörün boyutları; radyatörün taşıt üzerindeki yerleştiriliş biçimine, dışarıya atılacak olan ısı miktarına, tüplerden geçecek sıvı hareketine ve radyatörün tasarım parametrelerine (şekline, tüp sayısına ve konumuna, kanatların sayısına, tüplerin ve boruların cidar kalınlığına ve malzemesine) bağlıdır. Radyatör yüzey alanının büyüklüğü, motor yüksekliği ile kaput ve tamponun tasarımı ile sınırlanır. Eğer motor yüksekliği fazla değilse, kare şeklindeki radyatör yerine daha küçük dikdörtgen şeklinde bir radyatör takılması daha mantıklı olacaktır. Ayrıca tampon tasarımı da, taşıt seyir halindeyken radyatöre çarpacak havayı yönlendirmesi açısından önemlidir. Tamponun tasarımı yapıldıktan sonra, denemeler rüzgar tünellerinde gerçekleştirilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tüplerin içindeki suyun akış hızı 0,7-0,9 m/s civarındadır. Sisteme ilave bir pompa takılmasıyla hız artışında sağlanacak büyüme, ısı transfer katsayısında hissedilebilirbir artış sağlayacaktır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tüpler arasında boşluk, tüplerin yüzey boyunca yerleştirildikleri kısımlar arasındaki boşluğa t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;, derinliğe t&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;, radyatörün yüksekliği boyunca kanatların yerleştiriliş düzenine bağlıdır. Tüplerin boyutları a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;13-20 mm, b=2-4 mm, tüplerin cidar kalınlığı yaklaşık 0,13-0,20 mm’dir. Yüzey boyunca tüpler arasındaki mesafe, t&lt;sub&gt;kanat&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2,5-4,5 mm’dir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tüplerin ve kanatların arasındaki mesafenin çok küçük seçilmesi, radyatörün aerodinamik direncini artırır. Ancak bu, fanın daha fazla güç çekmesine neden olur. Tüpler hava akışına göre belli bir açı altında tutulursa, paralel tüplere göre radyatörün aerodinamik direnci daha da artmış olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tüp-şerit tipi radyatör, yüksek bir kompaktlık sayısına sahiptir (1100 1/m). Hücreler bant yüzeyine yerleştirilirler ve hava akışına türbülans sağlarlar. Bantlar, tüplere lehime daldırılarak birleştirilmişlerdir. Bantlar en fazla 0,08-0,1 mm kalınlığa sahip olmalı ve aralarındaki mesafe 4-5 mm’yi geçmemelidir. Bu tüp-bant tipi radyatörler daha yüksek bir ısı transferi katsayısına sahiptir.&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ortalama hava hızı radyatör yüzeyinde akış yolu kesiti üzerinde yaklaşık 7-12 m/s’dir.Hava hızı radyatör tasarımında önceden belirlenmelidir. Havanın radyatör kanallarında karşılaştığı radyatör direnci, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;=200-300 Pa ve radyatörden geçen havanın kazandığı ısı 20-30&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C kadardır. Yüzeyde ısı kaybı hesap edildiği zaman, ilerleyen akış yolundaki havanın hızı 4,5-5,5 m/s olmalıdır. Bu da 12-15 km/saat’lik bir hıza karşılık gelir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bir radyatörün ısı transfer katsayısı, radyatörün düzenlenmesine, tüplerin sayısına, kanatların sayısına, tüp ve kanatların cidar kalınlığına, yapım malzemesine ve ayrıca su ve hava hızlarına bağlıdır. Isı transfer katsayısı, C&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;, diyagram yardımıyla bulunabilir. Diyagramda farklı tip düzenekli radyatörler için havanın kütlesel hızına bağlı olarak elde edilmiş ısı transfer katsayıları bulunmaktadır (Su hızı 0,4 m/s’dir).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Diyagramdaki doğrular şunları anlatır:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Akışa belli bir açı altında yerleştirilmiş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ayrı ayrı yerlere yerleştirilmiş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Düz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bal peteği&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bir radyatörün tasarımı, kompaktlığın volümetrik katsayısı ile belirlenebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;/V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;[1/m]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatörün toplam ısı dağıtım yüzeyi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatörün hacmi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;.l&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;[m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatörün yüzey alanı (m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;l&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatörün derinliği (Taşıt motorunda 60-130 mm)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; ifadesini &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; denkleminde yerine yazarsak;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt; /(A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;.l&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;elde edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör derinliği ise;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;l&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt; /(A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;formülü ile hesaplanabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Yüzey alanının büyüklüğü, radyatörün düzenlenmesine bağlıdır. Modern motorlarda kompaktlığın volümetrik katsayısı &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 900-1100 1/m’dir. Bu sayı, çift sıralı kanat-tüp radyatörlerde 1350 1/m’dir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9.1. Bir Radyatörün Hesabı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma sisteminin kabul etmediği ısının izafi miktarı ile termal kayıplar hesap edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; = Q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;/Q&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;: Soğutma suyuna giden izafi ısı oranı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;: Soğutma suyu tarafından alınan ısı miktarı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;: Yakıtla motora sevk edilen ısı miktarı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Belirli bir güçte çalışan motor için soğutma sistemine giden ısı miktarı;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; = q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;.H&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;.m&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;: Yakıtın ısıl değeri (J/kg)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;m&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;: Yakıt tüketimi (kg/h)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör yüzeyinin tıkanması ve tüplerin iç yüzeylerdeki kireç tortusu ve gerçek şartlarda yapılan hesaplamalardaki veri hataları ısı transfer katsayısında azalmaya sebep olur. Bu yüzden tasarımda ısının miktarı %10 artırılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = 1,1.Q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;İzafi ısı kayıplarının büyüklüğü, q&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;, motorun benzinli veya dizel olmasına bağlıdır. Krank mili devir sayısına, turbo yüklemeli yada kompresörlü olup olmadığına, çıkıştaki geri basınca (back pressure), silindir kafası malzemesine, yanma odasının özgül yüzeyine, silindir kapağının tasarımına, giriş borularının uzunluğuna, H/D oranına (H: Silindir stroğu, D: Silindir çapı), silindir cidarlarının kalınlığına bağlıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Krank mili devir sayısı arttığında, silindirlerin iç yüzeyi ile temas eden gazların çıkış süresi kısalır ve relatif ısı kayıpları azalır. 1000 d/d’de soğutma suyuna giden izafi ısı kayıpları miktarı %34-36 civarındadır. Bu değer, 4000-5000 d/d’de %24-26’ya düşer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tasarlanmış ısı miktarı ile radyatörün ısı kaybı yüzeyi arasında ilişki kurulabilir:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; height=&quot;67&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif&quot; width=&quot;165&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = C&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su,hava&lt;/sub&gt;.A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;veya;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt; = Q&lt;sub&gt;rad &lt;/sub&gt;/ (Ch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su,hava&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Isı transferi katsayısı;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Sudan metal tüpe geçen ısı transfer katsayısı 2500-5000 (W/m&lt;sup&gt;2 0&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Tüp cidarlarının kalınlığı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Bakır boru için ısı iletim katsayısı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Tüp cidarlarından havaya geçen ısı transfer katsayısı 100 (W/m&lt;sup&gt;2 0&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sıcaklık düşümü soğutma suyu ortalama sıcaklığı ile radyatörden geçen havanın sıcaklığı arasındaki farka eşittir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su,hava&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;su, ort&lt;/sub&gt; - t&lt;sub&gt;hava, ort&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su, ort&lt;/sub&gt; = (t&lt;sub&gt;su, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt; + t&lt;sub&gt;su, giriş&lt;/sub&gt;) / 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, ort&lt;/sub&gt; = (t&lt;sub&gt;hava, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt; + t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt;) / 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; ve t&lt;sub&gt;su, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatöre giriş ve çıkıştaki su sıcaklıkları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; ve t&lt;sub&gt;hava, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatöre giriş ve çıkıştaki hava sıcaklıkları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör soğutma suyunun sıcaklığı kapalı tip sistemlerde 90-95 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C’dir. Radyatördeki su sıcaklığındaki düşüş, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;³&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 7-8 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C ve yüksek hızlı motorlarda 5 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Suyun ortalama sıcaklığı;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su, ort&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;su, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt; + (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;/2) = 86-91 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C = t&lt;sub&gt;su, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; - (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;/2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatör girişinde hava sıcaklığı;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;çevre&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Burada &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;, hava radyatöre girmeden önce eğer radyatörün önündeki bir kapaktan veya oraya yerleştirilmiş bir yağ soğutucu yüzeyden geçiyorsa, o bölgede ısınmış olan havanın sıcaklığıdır. Bu da, 3-5 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C’dir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Radyatörden çıkışında havanın sıcaklığı;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; + (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava&lt;/sub&gt;/2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava&lt;/sub&gt; = Q&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; / (3600.A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;.C&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Radyatör yüzeyindeki havanın kütlesel hızı (kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;s)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;: Havanın sabit basınçtaki özgül ısısı (1,05.10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; J/kg &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C = 0,24 kcal/kg &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;9.2. Su Devir Daim Pompaları Hesabı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma sisteminin içindeki su sirkülasyonu dakikada 7-12 kez gerçekleşir. En yaygın olarak santrifüj pompalar kullanılır. Yüksek devirli motorlarda krank mili ile su pompası mili arasında 1:1’lik bir oran vardır. Düşük devirli motorlarda ise bu oran 1,6’ya kadar yükselir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Soğutma suyu debisini veren ifade;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt; = Q&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;/(C&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;[m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/h]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;: Soğutma suyu özgül ısısı (4,19 kJ/kg &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;: Radyatörde sağlanan su sıcaklığındaki düşüş (7-8 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;: Suyun yoğunluğu (kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;10. Hesaplamalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;100 beygir gücündeki bir motorun soğutma suyuna giden ısı kaybı %28’dir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su &lt;/sub&gt;= 7 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C, t&lt;sub&gt;çevre &lt;/sub&gt;= 17 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C, t&lt;sub&gt;su &lt;/sub&gt;= 92 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Q&lt;sub&gt;soğ&lt;/sub&gt; = 68,6 kW’tır. Q&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = 1,1.68,6 = 75,46 kW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Straight tipi radyatör seçersek (Şekil xxx’ten 3 no’lu eğri)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;hava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; = 12 alalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Buna göre C&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 90 W/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C okunur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su, ort&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;su, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; – (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su&lt;/sub&gt;/2) = 92 – (7/2) = 88,5 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;çevre&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt; = 4 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C alırsak;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, giriş&lt;/sub&gt; = 17 + 4 = 21 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;50&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;left&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;50&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif&quot; width=&quot;185&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, çıkış&lt;/sub&gt; = 21 + (30/2) = 36 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td height=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;50&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;    &lt;td&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/jhl7/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image008.gif&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;su, hava&lt;/sub&gt; = t&lt;sub&gt;su, ort – &lt;/sub&gt;t&lt;sub&gt;hava, ort&lt;/sub&gt; = 88,5 – 28,5 = 60 &lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt;/V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;= 1100 1/m alalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;V&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = 14/1100 = 0,01272 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;@&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; 12,7 lt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;l&lt;sub&gt;rad&lt;/sub&gt; = A&lt;sub&gt;tot&lt;/sub&gt; /(A&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ascii-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;rad&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;) = 14/(0,2 . 1100) = 63,6 mm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Bulunan sonuç, tolerans dahilinde olduğu için yapılan işlemler doğrudur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot;&gt;11. Kaynaklar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: TR;&quot;&gt;Oktay Demirel - Makina Projesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: TR;&quot;&gt;Automotive Fuel, Lubricating and Cooling Systems - William H. Crouse, McGraw - Hill Book Company, 3rd edition, 1967.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoBodyTextIndent2&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 110%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 110%;&quot;&gt;İçten Yanmalı Motorlar Cilt 1, Prof. Dr. Oğuz Borat, Doç. Dr. Mustafa Balcı, Doç. Dr. Ali Sürmen, 1992.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; margin-left: 36.0pt; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 54.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: TR;&quot;&gt;AnaBritannica, Genel Kültür Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul, 1994.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 110%; margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: TR;&quot;&gt;Internet adresleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-AU&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: TR;&quot;&gt;http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Automotive/Parts/Radiators&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/6188610639834879978/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/oto-radyator.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/6188610639834879978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/6188610639834879978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/oto-radyator.html' title='oto  radyatör.'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-8705514099512119635</id><published>2011-05-08T04:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T04:47:46.724-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="araç"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hararet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="neden"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="yapar"/><title type='text'>Araç motorları neden hararet yapar ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;span id=&quot;contextual&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;linkz01&quot;&gt; &lt;div id=&quot;post_message_537449&quot;&gt;        Günümüzde motorlarda hava soğutmalı ve sıvı soğutmalı olmak üzere iki  farklı sistem kullanılır. Hava soğutmalı motorlarda, ısınan motor hava  ve soğutma yağı tarafından soğutulur. Sıvı soğutmalı motorlarda ise,  soğutma işlemi motorun içindeki kanallarda dolaşan sıvı (su, antifiriz  karışımı) tarafından sağlanır. Günümüzün modern motorlarında hava  soğutmalı sistemler sıkışık trafik ortamlarında yetersiz kaldığı için su  soğutmalı sistemler daha çok tercih edilmektedir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Motorun Su kaynatması ve Motor niçin hararet yapar?&lt;br /&gt;
Soğutma  sıvısının eksikliğinden dolayı yeteri kadar soğuyamayan motor aşırı  ısınarak hararet yapar ve su kaynatır. Motorun hararet yapması sorunu,  soğutma sistemindeki arızalardan kaynaklanır. Soğutma sistemi, ideal  motor sıcaklık değerlerini sağlamak için motor soğukken motoru ısıtma,  sıcakken de motordaki fazla sıcaklığı almak üzere soğutma işlemini  yerine getiren sistemdir. Bu sistemin görevini yerini getirmesini  engelleyen pek çok faktör vardır. Bulardan bazıları: soğutma sıvısının  azalması, radyatör peteklerinin kireçten veya dış pislikten dolayı  tıkanması, termostatın veya fanın bozulması, fan müşirinin arızalanması,  motor bloğu üzerindeki su tıpasının delinmesi, vantilatör kayışında  gevşek olması, devridaim pompasındaki sorunlar, yüksek vitesle yavaş  gidilmesi, vantilatör kanatlarının kırılmasıdır. &lt;br /&gt;
Motorun su  kaynatması, motor soğutma sıvısının azaldığını gösterir. Soğutma  sıvısının azalması, buharlaşma ya da sızıntıdan olabileceği gibi motorun  soğutma sıvısının tüketmesi de söz konusu olabilir. Soğutma sıvısının  azalmasının başlıca nedenleri arasında sıvı iletim borularındaki  çatlamaları, hortumların eklem yerlerindeki kelepçelerden ve devridaim  pompasından sızıntılardan veya buharlaşmayı sayabiliriz. Radyatör  hortumları ve radyatör kapağı da sızıntıların sık görüldüğü bölgelerdir.  Motorun soğutma sıvısını tüketmesi ise bozuk bir ana conta ya motor  bloğundaki bir çatlaktan veya silindir kapağı contasının yanmasından ya  da yedek depodan su alamamasından meydana olabilir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Özellikle yaz aylarında araçlar neden su kaynatır? &lt;br /&gt;
Soğutma  sisteminde arıza olan araçlar yaz-kış su kaynatır. Ancak su kaynatma  sorununun yaz aylarında kış aylarına oranla daha sık yaşandığı da bir  gerçek. Bunun sebebi, yazın soğutma sıvısı buharlaşarak, azalır ve motor  su kaynatmasına neden olur. Yaz aylarında ısınan hava, radyatördeki  sıvının soğumasını geciktirdiğinde dolayı soğutma sisteminin yetersiz  kalmasına sebep olur. Sıkışık trafik ve dur-kaklarla birlikte radyatöre  hava alımı azalır ve motor sıcaklığı yükselmeye başlar. Bu sırada  soğutma işlemini yerine getirmek için fan daha fazla çalışarak  radyatörde bulunan sıvıyı soğutmaya çalışır. Aracınızdaki soğutma  sisteminde veya sıvısının seviyesinde bir eksiklik ya da daha başka bir  problem yoksa soğutma sistemi görevini aynen yerine getirmeye çalışır.  Herhangi bir anormallik var ise, motorun su kaynatması kaçınılmazdır. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hararet göstergesinin kırmızıya yaklaştığında ya da motor su kaynattığında ne yapılması gerekir? &lt;br /&gt;
Aracınızın  hararet göstergesinde ibre, kırmızıya ya da &quot;hot&quot; olarak gösterilen  bölgeye yaklaşıyorsa, derhal klimayı kapatmalısınız. İbre ilerlemeye  devam ediyorsa veya kaputunun üstünde su buharı görürseniz, aracınızı  hemen uygun bir yere çekip, motoru durdurmalı ve aracı soğumaya  bırakmalısınız. Kaputu açarak veya radyatöre su serperek motorun  soğumasına yardımcı olabilirsiniz. Motor soğutma sıvısı seviyesi kontrol  edilmeli, eğer eksikse tamamlanmalıdır. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sıvı tamamlama işlemi  mutlaka motor soğuduktan sonra yapılmalı. Motor sıcakken sıvı eklemesi  yapılmamalıdır. Çünkü basınçlı sudan ve buhardan oluşabilecek  yaralanmalara neden olabilir. Sıcak bir motora yapılacak sıvı eklemesi  motor bloğunda çatlamaya kadar varan kalıcı zararlar oluşturabilir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ancak  böyle bir sorunla karşılaştığınızda herhangi bir müdahalede bulunmadan  önce bilen bir ustaya ya da firmanızın yol yardım servis telefonlarını  aramanızı öneririz. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bunun mümkün olmadığı durumlarda ise motor  soğuduktan sonra en yakın servise ulaşılıncaya kadar düşük devirde ve  hızda gitmelisiniz. Yine hararet yükselirse motoru durdurunuz ve usta  çağırınız. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hararete rağmen yola devam etmenin sonucunda motor  avans vuruntusu yapmaya başlayabilir. Buna rağmen hâlâ yola devam  edilmeye çalışıldığında ise motor kilitlenmesine yani piston  sıkışmalarına neden olur. Avans vuruntusunu duymaya başladığınızda  otomobili durdurup, teknik servisle irtibata geçerek profesyonel bir  yardım almanızda fayda var. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aracınızın soğutma sisteminin ilk  günkü performansını koruyabilmesi için soğutma sıvısının düzeyi, hortum  ve borularda çatlak olup olmadığını park yerinizi terk etmeden önce  aracınızın altında ıslaklık olup-olmadığını kontrol ettikten sonra  aracınıza bininiz. Radyatör hortumlarını elle kontrol etmenizde fayda  var. Hortumlar aşırı yumuşak ya da aşırı sertse aracınızı derhal bir  yetkili servise götürmelisiniz. Hortum kelepçelerinde ve eklem  yerlerinde oluşan pas veya beyaz lekelere dikkat etmekte fayda var.  Çünkü böyle belirtiler bu bölgelerdeki sızıntı olduğuna işaretidir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soğutma  sistemi her bakım periyodunda mutlaka kontrol edilmelidir. Soğutma  sistemindeki kullandığımız antifriz aynı zamanda pas önleyici özelliğe  sahip olduğundan yaz-kış kullanılmalıdır. Antifriz içerisindeki korozyon  (pas) önleyici katkı maddeleri zamanla etkilerini kaybeder. Bu nedenle  soğutma sistemindeki antifriz mavi antifriz ise en geç 6 yılda, turuncu  antifriz ise en geç 10 yılda bir değiştirilmelidir. Antifriz değişimi  esnasında kullanılan suyun &quot;saf su&quot; olmasına özellikle dikkat  edilmelidir. &lt;br /&gt;
Antifriz, normalde suyun izin vermeyeceği sıcaklık  derecelerinde motorun güvenle çalışabilmesi için motor soğutma suyuna  eklenen, suyun kaynama noktasını yükselten, donma noktasını ise düşüren  kimyasal bir katkıdır. Normalde aracın bulunduğu bölgenin iklim  şartlarına bağlı olarak; % 20 ila % 60 arasında değişen oranlarda motor  soğutma suyuna ilave edilir. Bu oranın üzerine çıkılması, suyun soğutma  özelliğini düşürür ve aracın kolay hararet yapmasına neden olur.    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/8705514099512119635/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/arac-motorlar-neden-hararet-yapar.html#comment-form' title='2 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8705514099512119635'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8705514099512119635'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/arac-motorlar-neden-hararet-yapar.html' title='Araç motorları neden hararet yapar ?'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-3901518304256755687</id><published>2011-05-08T04:32:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T04:32:18.310-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AŞIRI"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="BESLEME"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TURBO"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TURBOŞARJ"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="şarj"/><title type='text'>AŞIRI BESLEME VE TURBO ŞARJ</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Times New Roman;&quot;&gt;Genellikle motorun modifiyesinde sağlanmaya                    çalışılan daha fazla basınçlı soğuk hava girişi ve bunu belirli                    oranlarda besleyebilecek yakıt enjeksiyonudur. Yanma odasında                    patlayarak piston hareketini sağlayan hava benzin karışımında                    benzin oranı hava oranına göre çok azdır. Genellikle 14:1 veya                    15:1 gibi hava:benzin oranları ile bu patlama gerçekleşmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
İçeri giren havadaki moleküllerin yoğun olması en önemli faktördür.                    Bu da ısı farkına göre değişir. Soğuk hava sıcak havadan çok                    daha yoğundur. İçeri giren hava ne kadar yoğun olursa içerdeki                    patlama o derece şiddetli, üretilen güç ve tork da o derece                    yüksek olur. Otomobillerin soğuk havada daha iyi performans                    göstermelerinin ve hava filtrelerinin soğuk hava alacak şekilde                    monte edilmesinin sebebi de budur. Daha fazla yoğun havayı içeri                    almanın ise çeşitli yolları vardır&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Literatürde aşırı besleme olarak da tabir edilen ve birbirine                    benzer mantıkla çalışan Turboşarj, Süperşarj ve Kompresör uygulamaları                    buna örnektir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Süperşarj&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Şekilde görüldüğü gibi, süperşarj aslında basit bir kompresördür.                    Dışarıdan gelen havayı basınçlı bir şekilde içeri püskürtecek                    şekilde dizayn edilmiştir.Süperşarjın iki çeşit uygulanması                    mümkündür. Emme manifoldu ile throttle body arasına veya throttle                    body’nin önündeki hava girişine monte edilebilir. Eğer emme                    manifoldu ile throttle body arasına monte edilirse, enjeksiyon                    sisteminde mekanik bir değişiklik yapmadan benzin akışının ayarlanması                    mümkün olur. Bu genellikle yarış otomobillerinde de tercih edilen                    daha pratik bir sistemdir. Eğer süperşarj throttle body’nin                    önünde monte edilirse, gelen basınçlı havayı karşılamak için                    normalden daha yüksek basınçla yakıt püskürtülmesi gerekecektir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Süperşarjın içindeki kompresör çalışma gücünü yine motor kayışlarından                    ve dişlilerden alır. Bu çalışmak için turboşarja göre daha fazla                    güç gerektiren bir sistemdir. Ayrıca sağladığı sıkışma sebebiyle                    motorun çabuk yıpranmasına sebep olmaması için motor kompresyon                    oranı pistonların değişmesi suretiyle düşürülmelidir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Dezavantajı&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aynı silindir hacminde ve aynı yanma odalarına sahip iki motordan,                    süperşarj uygulanmış olan motor aynı büyüklük içinde daha fazla                    sıkıştırma ile çalışacak ve daha fazla benzin yakacaktır. Buna                    karşılık turbo uygulamasındaki kadar yüksek güç veremeyecektir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Avantajı&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turboşarj uygulamasında, turbonun devreye girmesi için yanan                    gazın geri dönmesi ve türbünü doldurması gerekmektedir. Fakat                    Süperşarj uygulamasında turbonun devreye girmesi için gereken                    zaman ve motor devri, süperşarjın devreye girmesi için gerekmemektedir.                    Gaz pedalına ilk basıldığı anda açılan süperşarj, en alt devirden                    itibaren gücünü gösterecektir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Turboşarj&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turboşarj, egzoz gazı ile çalışan bir süperşarj olarak tanımlanabilir.                    Gücünü süperşarj gibi kayışlardan ve dişlilerden değil, egzoz                    gazının basıncından alır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Şekilde görüldüğü gibi, yanma odasında patlayan hava benzin                    karışımı, gaza dönüşerek egzoz sübaplarından egzoz manifolduna                    doğru itilir. Bu aşamada egzoza giden gazın basıncı, yol üzerindeki                    turbonun pervanesini döndürür ve bu yönlü pervane sayesinde                    gazın önemli bir kısmını türbüne girer. Türbün basınçlı gazla                    dolduğu andan itibaren ters yöndeki kompresör pervane de basınçla                    dönmeye başlar. Gazı, basınçlı bir şekilde, dışarıdan alınan                    ve emme manifoltuna giren temiz havanın üzerine püskürterek                    motora giren toplam hava yoğunluğunu ve basıncını normalin yaklaşık                    %50 daha üstüne çıkarır. Bu da içeri giren havanın benzinle                    birlikte ateşlendiğinde çok daha şiddetli bir patlama gerçekleştirmesini                    sağlar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tabi ki süperşarjda olduğu gibi, turboda da motor kompresyon                    oranı atmosferik motorlara göre daha düşük tutulmalıdır. Aksi                    takdirde yüksek basınçtan dolayı motor çabuk yıpranacak ve hatta                    çok zorlandığı durumlarda motorun patlama riski ortaya çıkacaktır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbo uygulaması, motorun pistonları ve gerekiyorsa diğer aksamının                    da uygun şekilde değiştirilmesi suretiyle yapılmalıdır. Gücün                    %50’lere varan artışına dayanma ihtimali zayıf olan şanzıman                    ve aktarma sisteminin de değiştirilmesi gerekebilir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbo motorlar kullanılırken dikkat edilmesi gereken bir başka                    husus ise otomobili yüksek devirlerde kullandıktan sonra motor                    stop edilmeden önce kısa bir müddet de olsa rölantide çalıştırılarak,                    türbünün boşalması ve soğumasına izin verilmesidir. Aksi takdirde                    gazın sirkülasyonu esnasında türbün boşalmadan bir miktar gaz                    içerde hapis olacak ve zaman içinde turboyu ciddi şekilde yıpratacaktır.                    Turbo uygulamasının motorda çok daha fazla yük ve yüksek ısılara                    yol açacağı ve bunun için intercooler uygulamaları veya diğer                    soğutma yöntemleri gerektiği unutulmamalıdır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Turbo uygulaması özellikle ülkemizdeki otomobil modellerinde                    süperşarjdan daha yaygındır.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bu uygulamanın bir çok zaman Avrupalı standart otomobillerde                    fabrika çıkışı uygulandığı da görülmektedir. Örnek olarak VW’nin                    1.8 litre hacimli 125 beygir güç üretebilen motoruna uygulanan                    çok küçük türbünlü bir turbo ile 1.8T motorunu yarattığı ve                    150 beygir güç ürettiği bilinmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eski Honda Accord’larda kullanılan 2 litre motorlu 135 beygir                    güç üretebilen Honda motoru, Rover tarafından 220 coupe turbo                    ve Rover 620ti modellerinde güçlü bir turbo ile kullanılmıştır.                    Sonucunda 200 beygir güç üreten bir makine ortaya çıkmıştır.                    &lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/3901518304256755687/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/asiri-besleme-ve-turbo-sarj.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3901518304256755687'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3901518304256755687'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/asiri-besleme-ve-turbo-sarj.html' title='AŞIRI BESLEME VE TURBO ŞARJ'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-7745066499599995640</id><published>2011-05-08T03:49:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T03:49:20.878-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motoru"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Wankel"/><title type='text'>Wankel motoru</title><content type='html'>Bilindiği  üzere dünyada hemen hemen bütün arabalarda hepimizin  bildiği dört zamanlı motor kullanılıyor. Aklınıza gelen A-dan Z’ye bütün  markaların ve kullandığımız arabaların motorları  bu dört zamanlı motor  prensibiyle çalışıyorlar. Eğer Mazda RX-8 sürmediyseniz az önceki  cümleme inanabilirsiniz. İşte Wankel motoru burada karşımıza çıkıyor.  Mazda RX-8 pistonu olmayan birkaç  rotordan oluşan Wankel motorunu  kullanıyor. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;wankel&quot; height=&quot;275&quot; src=&quot;http://ieee.bilkent.edu.tr/teknoloji101//sonSayi/resimler/wankel.jpg&quot; style=&quot;float: left; width: 275px;&quot; width=&quot;275&quot; /&gt;   Motorun mucidi olan Felix Wankel çalışmaları sonucu ilk motorunu 1929’da  yapmayı başardı. İleriki yıllarda motorunu geliştiren ve  yeteneği fark  edilen Wankel, Audi firmasında çalışmaya başladı. Wankel burada motoru  daha da geliştirmeyi başarsa da, bu motor o dönemin arabalarının  aerodinamik katsayılarının yetersizliği nedeniyle bir arabada  kullanılacak kadar güvenli değildi. 1957’de çalışmalarını  tamamlayan  Wankel bu motoru ilk defa denedi. Sonucunda ise 1957’nin dünya hız  rekorunu egale etmiş oldu. 1963 yılında ilk defa bu motor piyasaya  sürülecek Audi Spider’e yerleştirildi. 1967’de motoru geliştiren Wankel  bu motora çift rotor eklemeyi başardı. 900cm^3 iç hacmi olan motorun 103  kg ağırlığı vardı ve 136 beygirlik bir güç üretebiliyordu. Bu da o  dönemin motorlarına göre geçilemeyecek bir hız sağlıyordu. &lt;br /&gt;
Daha sonra Wankel motorunun bu performansını gören Japon ve Amerikan  firmaları kendi ürettikleri otomobillerde bu motoru kullanmaya  başladılar. 1972de, 50 milyon dolarlık bir yatırımla bu motorun gücünü  185 beygire kadar çıkaran Amerikalılar bu motorun gelişmesinde Audi  markası kadar büyük bir pay sahibi oldular. Bu yatırımdan sonra  Rolls-Royce, Mercedes ve Alfa Romeo da Wankel motorunu kullandılar.  1970lerin sonuna doğru ise bu motorun tüm haklarını Mazda’nın almasıyla  diğer markaların Wankel motoru dönemi son buldu. &lt;br /&gt;
Mazda, Wankel motorunu,  Mazda 110 S Cosmo Sport (1967–1972), Mazda  RX-2 (1971–1974),Mazda R100 (1968–1975), Mazda RX-5 (1975–1981), Mazda  RX-3 (1972–1977),  Mazda 787B (1991), Mazda RX-7 (1978–2002)  modellerinde denedi. Şu anda Wankel motorunu sadece Mazda’nın RX-8  modelinde bulabiliriz.  &lt;br /&gt;
Wankel motoru çok çabuk yıprandığı için çok fazla kullanılmayacak  arabalara takılması gerekiyor. Bu yüzden de Mazda  diğer modellerinde bu  motoru kullanmıyor. Bunun dezavantajı ise dünyada diğer firmaların  hepsi dört zamanlı motor kullandıkları için otomobil servislerindeki  ustalar Wankel motorları hakkında çok bilgili değiller. Buna 88-92  seneleri arasında Türkiye’de çok fazla satılan ancak ustaların  bilgisizliğinden dolayı motora yanlış bakım yapan Mazda RX7 serisini  örnek verebiliriz. Bu iki neden de motora çok fazla zarar verdiği  nedeniyle Mazda bu motoru daha çok yarışlar ve zevk için kullanılan bir  arabaya takma gereği duymuş ki çok mantıklı bir hareket yapmışlar. Diğer  otomobil markalarının ise bu motoru kullanmama nedeni çok farklı. Diğer  markalar bu motoru kullanmaları halinde Mazda’ya ürettikleri her motor  için yüklü miktarda para vermeleri gerekiyor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;wankel&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;http://ieee.bilkent.edu.tr/teknoloji101//sonSayi/resimler/wankel_anim.gif&quot; style=&quot;float: right; width: 240px;&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;  Motorun çalışma prensibine gelince Wankel motorunun diğer motorlardan  çok daha kolay bir yapısı vardır. Motorun oval bir gövdesi ve bu oval  gövde içine yerleştirilmiş 1 veya tasarımına göre 2-3 rotoru  bulunmaktadır. Rotor hem içerden hem dışarıdan bir dişli ile motorun  eksantrik miline bağlanır. Dört zamanlı motordan bildiğimiz emme,  sıkıştırma, yanma ve egzoz zamanları rotorun çevresinde olur. Motor  benzini bir koldan alır, rotor sürekli dönerek bu alınan benzini motorun  diğer tarafına taşıyarak sıkıştırır ve burada bujiler tarafından  ateşlenir. Ardından dönmeye devam eden rotor yakılan benzini motorun  diğer tarafında bulunan egzoz kanadına taşıyarak motordan atılması  sağlar. Sürekli dönmesi gereken ve her döndüğünde oval gövdeye sürtünen  rotor çok kolay yıpranır ve sürekli bakımı gerekir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;Wankel Motorun Avantajları :
&lt;li&gt;Hafiftir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Az yer kaplar.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daha sarsıntısız çalışır.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Daha az hareket eden parça olduğu için daha çok güç üretir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hareket sırasında krank milinin sadece yukarı aşağı hareketi(180  derecelik) yerine eksantrik mili 270 derecelik dönme yaparak daha çok  güç üretmekte yardımcı olur.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;Böylece otomobil daha yüksek hızlara daha kısa sürede ulaşmış olur.  &lt;ul&gt;Wankel Motorun Dezavantajları:
&lt;li&gt;Rotor sürekli sürtündüğü için çabuk yıpranır. Yani motor ömrü çok kısadır.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Motorun yüzey/hacim oranı yüksek olduğundan dolayı çok benzin yakar.Ortalama 100km’de 20 litre benzin yakmaktadır. (Mazda RX-8)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Çevreye daha fazla CO gazı vermektedir.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bakım yapacak nitelikli eleman azdır.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mazda RX-8 ve Wankel Motoru&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
RX-8de kullanılan Wankel motorun hacmi 1300cm^3, maximum beygiri ise  231güçte. 6 ileri vitese sahip ve 231 beygirli modeli 100km’ye 6.4  saniyede çıkabiliyor. Toplam hızı ise 235km/saat. RX-8i Wankel motoru  diğer arabalardan ayıran bir özellik de motorun devrinin diğer  otomobiller gibi 7000 veya 8000 devirde kalmaması. Bu motor 10000devire  kadar çıkabiliyor.Arabanın arka koltuğu 2 kişilik 3 kişilik değil.Bu da  bu arabayı ilginç yapan başka bir unsur. Çünkü gücü arka tekerlere  ulaştırmakla görevli şaft belirgin bir şekilde iki koltuk arasından  geçiyor. RX-8’in bir başka özelliği ise arka kapıları. Arka kapılar  alışık olduğumuz kapılar gibi sağdan çekerek açılmıyor.Tam tersine  soldan çekerek açılıyor. Bu da otomobilin dış görüntüsüne ayrı bir  şıklık ve sportiflik katıyor.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;Murat Nalçakan&lt;/div&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kaynaklar: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.muradu.com/?p=396&lt;br /&gt;
http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wankel_motoru&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.muradu.com/wp-content/wankel-engine-cutaway.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.muradu.com/wp-content/wankel_cycle_anim.gif&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.canim.net/araba/images/mazdaspeed_rx-8-31-1024.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/854/45004810.JPG</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/7745066499599995640/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/wankel-motoru.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7745066499599995640'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/7745066499599995640'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/wankel-motoru.html' title='Wankel motoru'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-3696950047876223096</id><published>2011-05-08T02:11:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-08T02:11:51.494-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="KAVRAMALAR"/><title type='text'>KAVRAMALAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavramalar araçlarda daima motor ile vites kutusu arasına yerleştirilmiştir. Duruştan kalkışa geçmeyi veya hareket esnasında motor ile vites kutusu arasındaki kuvvet akışını keserek vites kutusunda basamak değiştirilmesini mümkün kılar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bugün ayak pedalı ile kumanda edilen kavramalar genel olarak otomobillerde kuru diskli kavrama olarak, tek disk ve kamyonlarda ise iki veya daha fazla sayıda kuru diskli kavrama şeklinde kullanılmaktadır. Burada sadece bugünkü motorlu taşıtlarda kullanılan kuru diskli&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kavramalar ele alınacaktır. Kavrama kuvveti P, kavrama diskini volana basmakta ve sürtünme ile döndürme momenti iletilmektedir. Aşağıda ( Şekil 1. ) bir kavrama şematik olarak gösterilmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;143&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image003.jpg&quot; width=&quot;300&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1. Kavramanın şematik olarak gösterilişi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1. Kavrama çeşitleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Eskiden sürtünme yüzeyleri konik olan, konik kavramalar da kullanılmıştır. Bugün bunların yerine diskli kavramalar kullanılmaktadır. Bunlarda tek, çift ve çok diskli kavramalar olarak kullanılma yerlerine ve özelliklerine göre birbirlerinden ayrılırlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavramalar motorun döndürme momentini vites kutucuna iletir. Sürtünmeli ve hidrodinamik kavramalar mevcuttur. Araçlarda kullanılan vites kutuları sürtünmeli kavramalarla kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sürtünmeli kavrama çözülebilir bir bağlantıdır.Kuvvet tatbik edilerek çözülür ve motordan vites kutusuna olan kuvvet iletimi kesilir. Kuvvetin tatbik edilmemesi halinde kavrama bağlanmış durumdadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Aracın kalkışı için gerekli olan döndürme momentinin vites kutusu üzerinden aracın aktarma organlarına iletilebilmesi için motorun belirli bir devir sayısına getirilmesi gerekir. Bu ise çözülmüş; kavrama ile bağlanmış&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;vites basamağında gerçekleşir. Kavramanın bağlanması ile motorun döndürme momenti kavrama tarafından kayma sürtünmesiyle vites kutusuna iletilir. Kayan kavrama motora frenleyici yönde tesir ederken aracı vites kutusu ve aktarma organları üzerinden tahrik eder. Kalkış hareketinin sona ermesiyle kavrama tamamen bağlanmış ve sürtünme kuvveti ile motor döndürme momenti vites kutusuna iletilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Basamaklı vites kutularında basamakların kolay seçilebilmesi için dişli, çark&#39;ların veya basamak mutlarının basamakların değiştirilmesi esnasında kuvvet iletimi ile zorlanmaması gerekir. Bu nedenle motordan vites kutusuna olan kuvvet akışının, kavramanın çözülmesiyle, kesilmesi şarttır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.1. Tek diskli kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama diskinin sayısına göre tek ve çok diskli kavramalardan söz edilir. Bunlar kuru olarak veya yağ içinde çalışarak kullanılır. Bu gün otomobillerde ve orta büyüklükteki kamyonlarda ( 700 Nm kadar ) en çok tek diskli kavrama kullanılmaktadır. ( Şekil 2. )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tek diskli kavrama (Şekil 1.6 ve 1.7) üç ana parçadan meydana gelmektedir: Kavrama kapağı, kavrama diski ve baskı levhası.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama kapağı dökme demir, tamper dökümü veya çelik saçtan imal edilir. Bunun üzerine baskı levhası, geri çekme kolları, kavrama baskı plakası ve kavramanın çeşidine bağlı olarak bir merkezi kavrama baskı yayı veya kavrama baskı plakası üzerinde dağılmış olan 6 ila 12 baskı yayları veya membran yayı bulunmaktadır. Kavrama diski üzerinde çok kere perçinlenmiş olan kavrama balataları bulunur. Bu balatalar yapıştırılmış da olabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kamalı mil olarak şekillendirilmiş olan kavrama mili üzerinde oturan kavrama diski eksenel olarak hareket ettirilebilirken, mile göre dönmesi mümkün değildir. Böylece motordan gelen döndürme momenti disk üzerinden kamalı mile iletilmiş olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;438&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image005.jpg&quot; width=&quot;247&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 2. Tek diskli kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Curi çekici, eksenel yüklenebilen bir &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;rulmanlı &lt;/span&gt;yatağa sahiptir. Geri çekici, merkezi kayıcı bir mil veya salınım hareketi yapabilecek şekilde yerleştirilmiş bir çatal ile kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Merkezi şekilde yönlendirilen geri çekici (Şekil 1.8) hem kavrama ayar aralıklı kavramalar için ve hem de ayar aralığı olmayan kavramalarda uygun olmaktadır. Ayar aralığı olmayan kavramalarda geri çekicinin iç bileziği daimi olarak geri çekici kollarına veya membran yayın dillerine dayanmakta ve çalışan motorda kavramanın bağlı olması halinde .bile beraberce dönmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bir çatal ile bağlı olan geri çekici (Şekil 1.9) ayar aralığı olan kavramlarda kullanılır. Baskı yatağı sadece çözülmüş kavramada beraberce döner. Bu geri çekici, kavramanın bağlanması ile çözülmesi esnasında radyal bir kayma yatağından, geri çekici yatağı ile geri çekici arasındaki sürtünmeyi azaltmak için geri çekici levhasının yüzeyine bir teflon &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;tabaka yerleştirilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sürtünme yüzeyi grafit veya sinter metal ile kaplanmış grafit bilezikli geri çekici ile rulman yataklı geri çekicilerin yerine sürtünme yüzeyi teflon kaplanmış peri çekiciler kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;451&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image007.jpg&quot; width=&quot;471&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 3. Tek diskli kavrama ve parçaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;287&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image009.jpg&quot; width=&quot;323&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 4. Tek diskli kavrama parçaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;194&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image011.jpg&quot; width=&quot;207&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 5. Merkezi olarak yönlendirilen geri çekici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;185&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image013.jpg&quot; width=&quot;233&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 6. Salınındı şekilde yatak1anmış geri çekici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.1. Baskı yaylı tek diskli kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama bağlanmış (Şekil 1.10):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yaylar kavrama plakasını kavrama diskine bastırmaktadır. Kavrama diski kavrama milinde eksenel olarak kayabilir olduğundan, kavrama baskı plakası ile volanın sürtünme yüzeyine bastırılır. Böylece volan sürtünme ile kavrama diski üzerinden vites kutusunun tahrik mili ile bağlanmış olur. Volan ve kavrama kapağı birbirleriyle: sıkı bir şekilde civatalarla ve kavrama baskı plakası da kavrama kapağı ile alıcı tırnaklarla bağlı olduğundan, kavrama diski hem volan ve hem de kavrama baskı plakası tarafından tahrik edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavramalar, iletilmesi gereken en büyük döndürme momentinin %50’si ile &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt;100’ünden daha fazlasını iletebilecek şekilde konstrükte edilmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image015.jpg&quot; width=&quot;196&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 7. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Kavrama bağlanmış&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama çözülmüş (Şekil 1.11):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama pedalına basılınca baskı rulmanı geri çekme kollarını çalıştıran, geri çekme levhasına basar. Şimdi bunlar kavrama bası yaylarının baskı kuvvetini yenerek kavrama baskı plakasını kavrama diskinden geri çekerler. Böylece kavrama diski volanın sürtünme yüzeyinden ayrılır ve volan ile baskı plakası arasında serbest kalır. Kuvvet iletimi kesilmiştir. Kavrama pedalındaki ayak kuvveti kaldırılırsa kavrama tekrar bağlanır. Pedal ve baskı yatağı kuvvetli bir geri çekme yayı ile başlangıç yerine getirilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;323&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image017.jpg&quot; width=&quot;229&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Şekil 8. Kavrama çözülmüş&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.2. Membran yaylı kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu kavrama geri çekme kolları ile kavrama baskı yaylarının görevini üstlenen bir membran yayı ile donatılmıştır.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Membran yayı bir disk şeklinde olup üzerinde birçok yarıklar bulunmaktadır (Şekil 1.12).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membran yaylı kavramanın en büyük avantajı yumuşak kavrama tesiri verebilmesidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membran yaylı kavramanın basılarak çözülen veya çekilerek çözülen tipleri mevcuttur. Basılarak çözülen membran yaylı kavrama (Şekil 1.13)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membran yayı kesitten görüldüğü üzere iki taraflı bir manivela &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;kolunu &lt;/span&gt;meydana getirmektedir. Dış kenara yakın yerlerde membran yayı&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;devirme işlemi yapılabilecek pimlerle tutturulmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavramanın bağlanmış durumunda membran yay dış kenarı ile baskı &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;plakasını &lt;/span&gt;kavrama diskine basmaktadır. Kavramanın çözülmesinde &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;baskı &lt;/span&gt;yatağı &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;membran &lt;/span&gt;yayının &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;iç &lt;/span&gt;kenarındaki &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;dillere basar. &lt;/span&gt;Böylece &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;diller &lt;/span&gt;pimlerine &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;dayanarak &lt;/span&gt;membran yay kavrama &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;baskı plakasından ayrılır &lt;/span&gt;ve &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;kuvvet iletimi kesilmiş &lt;/span&gt;olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama baskı plakası radyal &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;olarak yerleştirilmiş olan yaylar yardımıyla ç&lt;/span&gt;ekilerek çözülen membran yaylı kavrama (Şekil 1.14): Membran yayın dış kenarı kavrama kapağında yataklandırılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;319&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image019.jpg&quot; width=&quot;256&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 9. Membran aylı kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavramanın bağlanmış durumunda membran yay, dış kenarına göre manivela kolu uzunluğunun takriben 1/3 kadarından kavrama baskı plakasını kavrama diskine basmaktadır. Kavramanın çözülmesi durumunda membran yayın dilleri geri çekici tarafından çekilir. Bu şekilde membran yay dış kenarına göre dönmekte ve kavramanın baskı plakasındaki kuvveti kaldırmaktadır. Kavramadaki kuvvet iletimi artık kesilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu kavrama çeşidi basılarak çözülen membran yaylı kavramaya göre daha basit ve küçük imalat yüksekliklerine sahiptir. Membran yayı düz durumda en büyük gerilime sahip olduğundan kavramayı çözmenin başlangıcından biraz sonra kavrama pedalında gerekli olan kuvvet en büyüktür. Yarı çözülmüş kavramada pedal kuvveti takriben 130 N iken çözülmüş durumda ise 110 N dur. (Şekil 1.15).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;343&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image021.jpg&quot; width=&quot;418&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 10. Basılarak çözülen membran yaylı kavrama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;347&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image023.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Şekil 11. Çekilerek çözülen m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;embran yaylı kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;238&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image025.jpg&quot; width=&quot;278&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Şekil 12. Pedal ayak kuvvetinin &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;pedal yolu ile olan bağıntısı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.3. Dirsek kollu kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1.16 da dirsek kollu bir kavrama şekli görülmektedir. Bu tür özel imalat olup kavrama bir otomatik kilit ile yalnız kavramanın bağlanmış durumunda da uzun zaman tahrik sisteminin eksenel yüküne dayanabilmektedir. Bu şart çok kere paletli iş makineleri ile ekskavatörlerde: mevcuttur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu görev baskı plakası tarafından hareket ettirilen özel bir taşıyıcı bilezik içine yerleştirilmiş üç dirsek kol ile konstrüktif olarak çözülmüştür. Bu taşıyıcı bilezik;, öngörülmüş olan bir tabak yaya dayanmakta ve onu kavramanın bağlanmış, durumunda öngörülmüş olan bir ölçüde ek: olarak germektedir. Tabak yayın toplam, gerilmesi baskı kuvvetini vermektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tabak yayın seçilmiş olan yassı bir karakteristiği sayesinde kavramanın baskı kuvveti bal.ata aşıntısında bile oldukça sabit kalmaktadır. Yan bir ayar bileziği ile zaman zaman ilk ölçüsüne getirilir. Bu dirsek kollu kavramalar kol ile kumanda edilir ve en ağır şartlar için konstrükte edilmişlerdir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;369&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image027.jpg&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Şekil 13. Dirsek &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;kollu, kavrama &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.2. İki diskli kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Motorun döndürme momentinin iletilebilmesi için gerekli en büyük kavrama diskinin volanın içine yerleştirilememesi durumunda iki diskli kavrama kullanılır. İki diskli kavramalarda, tek diskli kavramalardaki parçalardan başka kavrama tahrik diski ile kavrama diski bulunmaktadır. Kavrama tahrik diski her iki kavrama diski arasında tahrik eden ek parça olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1.17 iki diskli kavramanın ana parçaları gösterilmiş olup bunlardan kavrama tahrik diski volan tarafından tahrik edilmektedir. Kavrama tahrik diskinin üzerine açılmış olan kanallara volanın alıcıları girmektedir. Bazı kavramalarda alıcılar kavrama kapağına yerleştirilmiştir. Kavrama tahrik diski kavrama kapağı tarafından tahrik edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;275&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image029.jpg&quot; width=&quot;272&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 14. İki diskli kavramanın ana parçaları.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;415&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image031.jpg&quot; width=&quot;390&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 15. İki diskli kavramanın şematik şekli.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1.18. iki diskli bir kavramanın şematik şeklini, Şekil 1.19. ise değişik iki diskli kavramanın konstrüksiyonunu göstermektedir. Kavrama baskı plakası ile kavrama kapağı vites kutusu tarafındaki kavrama diski ile kavrama tahrik diski bir ara bilezik ile bir bütün teşkil etmektedir. Değiştirme yapılacak kavramalarda motor tarafındaki kavrama diski serbest olarak beraberce verilir. Merkezleme ve kavrama tahrik diskinin tahriki, iki diskli kavramada olduğu gibi (Şekil 1.17) sadece alıcılarla değil bilakis ara bilezik ile bağlı olan yaprak yaylarla gerçekleşir. Kavramanın çözülmüş durumunda yaprak yaylar kavrama tahrik diskini geri getirmektedir. Böylece her iki kavrama diskinin kavramanın çözülmesiyle serbest kalabilmesi için kavrama tahrik diski bir kayıcı sistemle donatılmıştır. Böylece kavramanın çözülmesiyle her iki kavrama diskinin stroku eşit büyüklükte olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama balatalarının aşınmasında kayıcı sistem, kavrama baskı plakasına tesir eden kuvvet yardımıyla kavrama baskı yaylarını otomatik olarak ayarlar. Kavramanın çözülmüş durumunda kayıcı ara bilezikle ve bağlanmış durumunda ise volanda oturmaktadır. Bunun yanında balata aşıntısında kayıcının ayarı gerçekleşir. Bu kavramada bir aşıntı sınırlaması öngörülmüştür.Aşıntı sınırının üzerinde aşınmış balatalarda kavrama kaymağa başlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;İki diskli kavramada, kavrama baskı yaylarının kuvveti tek diskli bir kavramada olduğu kadar büyük olup kavrama balataları aynı ölçülerdedir. İki kavrama diskinin dört sürtünme yüzeyi volan, kavrama tahrik diski ve kavrama baskı plakası tarafından iletilen döndürme momenti iki misli büyüklüktedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;430&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image033.jpg&quot; width=&quot;312&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 16. İki diskli kavrama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;565&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image035.jpg&quot; width=&quot;449&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Şekil 17. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ve 18. Basılarak çözülen tek diskli membran yaylı kavrama tipleri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;259&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image037.jpg&quot; width=&quot;534&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 19. Çekilerek çözülen tek diskli membran yaylı kavrama ( Fichtel u. Sach )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;337&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image039.jpg&quot; width=&quot;531&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 20. İki diskli kavrama ( Fichtel u. Sachs )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yalnız, kavramanın çözülmesinde, tek diskli kavramaya göre, geri çekme plakası veya geri çekme yatağında iki misli geri çekme yolu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle sürtünme yüzeylerinin serbest kalabilmesi (her yüzey için 0,3 mm ile 0,5 mm) için kavrama baskı plakasının iki misli bir miktarda hareketi gerekmektedir. Böyle açma aralığı 1,2 mm ile 2 mm olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2. Kavrama diskleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama diski, motor volanından gelen döndürme momentini kavrama baskı plakasından alarak vites kutusu giriş miline iletmektedir. Yani kuvvet yönünden kavrama baskı plakası ile vites kutusu arasında kuvvet akımı üzerinde bulunan bir kavrama elementidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.1. Sabit diskler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Böyle bir diskin en basit yapım tarzı Şekil 1.24 ile gösterilmiştir. Bu disk gayet basit olarak yüksek kaliteli çelik levhadan ve onun dış çevresine sırt sırta perçinlenmiş balatalardan ve ortasında bağlı olduğu bir göbekten meydana gelmiştir. Bu tip göbek kısmı kamalı mil profili ile teçhiz edilerek vites kutusu giriş mili ile bağlanmıştır. Böylece disk bu mil üzerinde kolayca eksenel yönde hareket edebilir. Saç levhanın termik gerilmeler neticesi peşleşmesini önlemek için kendisi daima uygun bir şekilde kanallarla donatılmıştır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Böyle sabit, elastik olmayan diskler üzerine perçinlenen balatalar saç levhalardaki mani olunamayan kalınlık farkları sebebiyle, başlangıçta eşit bir şekilde yük taşıyamazlar. Bu durum gayet tabii olarak kalkış esnasındaki özelliklere negatif bir şekilde tesir eder. Bu sebeple, bilhassa otomobil sektöründe balataların sırt sırta perçinlenmesinden vazgeçilerek aralarında 0,6 - 1,2 mm bir eksenel elastiklik verilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu tür sabit kavrama diskleri bugün sadece özel durumlarda kullanılır. Elastiklik ile kavramanın kalkış özellikleri düzeltildiği gibi bütün fonksiyonu daha iyi ve yumuşak bir şekle dönüşmektedir. Hareket yüzeylerindeki ısı çatlamaları da düzgün ısı dağılımı sebebiyle önlenmekte veya oldukça azaltılabilmektedir. Bu durum hem kavrama balataları hem baskı plakası ve hem de volan için de geçerlidir. İstenen elastiklikte bir disk elde etmek için bir çok konstrüktif imkanlar mevcuttur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;348&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image041.jpg&quot; width=&quot;192&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 21. Sabit kavrama diski. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;334&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image043.jpg&quot; width=&quot;194&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 22. Elastik disk &quot;E-Balata yayı&quot; (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bunlardan en basiti, balataların her iki tarafına perçinlendiği saç levhayı gayet basit olarak (Şekil 1.25) de gösterildiği şekilde bükmektir. Balataların perçinlendiği saç birçok sayıda parçalara ayrılmış ve meydana gelen kanatçıklar düz yüzeyden kaldırılarak kıvrılmıştır. Bu elastik olan parçalar kavramanın bağlanması esnasında kavrama baskı kuvveti altında bir yay tesiri yaratmaktadırlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yaylanma, diskin tam baskı kuvveti altında hemen hemen düz olabilecek şekilde ölçümlendirilmiştir. Bu yay tipinin atalet momenti oldukça küçük olmasına rağmen yay yolu sınırlıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu diskler ucuz olmaları sebebiyle pratikte çok kullanılmaktadır. Şekil 1.26 ile verilen disk tipinde balatalar direkt olarak taşıyıcı diske bağlanmamış olup yüksek kaliteli yay saçından yapılmış dalgalı şekildeki yay parçalarına perçinlenmiştir, Bu yay parçaları ise perçinler yardımıyla taşıyıcı diske tespit edilmişlerdir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;338&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image045.jpg&quot; width=&quot;187&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 23. Elastik disk &quot;B-Balata yayı&quot; (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;337&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image047.jpg&quot; width=&quot;191&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 24. Elastik disk &quot;D-Balata yayı&quot; (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu konstrüksiyon daha büyük yay yolları ve uygun balata yay karakteristiği ile küçük atalet momentine sahiptir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu faydalı yönleri nedeniyle B-diski bütün otomobil ile kamyonetlerin standart yapım şekli olmuştur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1.27 ile verilen elastik diskte iki yay saçı parçalar halinde birbirleriyle ön gerilmeli olarak perçinlenmiştir. Bu şekilde uygun bir yay karakteristiği ile büyük bir yay yolu elde edilerek, özellikle yumuşak ve sarsıntısız bir kalkış sağlanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Çift yay parçaları yüksek zorlamalarda kırılmalara karşı büyük bir emniyet ve kavrama diskinin ömrü boyunca optimal kalkış özellikleri garantisini sağlamaktadır. Elastik D-diski özellikle, en üst düzeyde kalkış özelliklerinin şart koşulduğu otomobil ve orta zorlamaların söz konusu olduğu kamyonetlerde kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;332&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image049.jpg&quot; width=&quot;196&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 25. Elastik disk &quot;Z-Balata yayı&quot; (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;302&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image051.jpg&quot; width=&quot;187&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 26. Simtermetal segmentler için&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&quot;D-Balata yayı&quot; (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Z-Balata yayında yüksek kaliteli çelik saçtan yapılmış alıcı disk ile vites kutusu tarafındaki balata arasına yay çeliğinden ince elastik ara parçalar perçinlenmiştir. Bu kuvvetli konstrüksiyon çember şeklindeki Z-parçaların iyi yaylanma özellikleri yanında aşırı yüklenebilme özelliklerini vermektedir (Şekil 1.28).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu Z- Balata yayı ağır şartlardaki yüksek zorlamaların söz konusu olduğu örneğin kamyonlar için uygun olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yaylı sinter metal segmentli kavrama diskleri özellikle aşırı zorlanma şartları için geliştirilmiştir (Şekil 1.29). Yay tipi olarak D-tipi öngörülmüştür. Bilinen yaylı veya yaysız dairesel ve yassı trapez segmentler yerine burada derin trapez şekilleri kullanılır. Bunlar aynı balata sürtünme yüzeyinde uygun aşıntı durumu ve küçük atalet momentine sahiptir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu D-Balata Yayının kullanılma alanı özellikle Traktörler Olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.2. Söndürücülü kavrama diskleri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;İçten yanmalı bir motorun düzgünsüzlüğü, belirli devir sayılarında ve çalışma durumlarında, ait olduğu araç parçalarında bazı gürültüler çıkaracak şekilde tesir edebilir. Meydana gelen bu gürültüler çok kere beraberce yüksüz çalışan dişli gruplarında rezonans titreşimlerine sebep olabilir. Aynı zamanda yük altında bulunan vites kutusu parçaları da kuvvetli bir şekilde titreşerek bir gürültü kaynağı haline gelebilirler. Bu sebeple motor ile vites kutusu arasına bir söndürücünün yerleştirilmesi uygundur. Kavrama diski, meydana gelen bu dairesel titreşimlerin söndürülmesi için en uygun ve en ucuz imkânı sağlamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Böyle tesirli bir söndürücünün birbirlerinden ayrı iki sisteme sahip olması gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a- Bir torksiyon yayı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b- Söndürücü sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a) Torksiyon yayı esas olarak torksiyon söndürücüsü için gerekli olan çalışma yönünü mümkün kılar. Burada dikkât edilecek husus, sıfır durumundan her iki yöne yeteri derecede açısal bir sapmanın ve aşırı derecede zorlanan bu sistem için yeteri derecede sağlamlığın sağlanmasıdır. Çok durumlarda kaçınılmaz ve faydalı olan, yay karakteristiğinin çalışma sahası içinde yalnız eğiminin değil, hatta çalışma sahasının sonuna doğru artan progresifliginin değiştirilebilmesi de çok faydalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Çok kere yay karakteristiği eğiminin itme sahasında (aracın itmesi yani motoru çalıştırması) çekme sahasına (motor aracı çekmektedir) göre oldukça küçük öngörülmesi gereklidir. Dikkat edilecek bir durum da, torksiyon yayı, meydana gelen max. döndürme momentini çalışma sahasında karşılayamaz ise yay sisteminin aşırı zorlanması sınırlayıcılar ile uygun bir şekilde önlenmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bütün bu istekler oldukça iyi bir şekilde ve basit olarak uygun pencerelere teğetsel olarak yerleştirilen torksiyon bası yayları ile yerine getirilebilmektedir. Ayrıca bu çözümün oldukça ekonomik olması sebebiyle hemen hemen her diskte kullanılmaktadır. Torksiyon yayları yerine lastik elementlerin kullanılması yoluna gidilmiş ise de, bu malzemeler termik yönden yeteri derecede geliştirilmemiş olmaları ve kendi bünyelerindeki yüksek iç sürtünmeler sebebiyle istenileni verememişlerdir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b) Söndürme sistemi titreşimlerin söndürülmesi için mekanik sürtünmeden faydalanılmaktadır. Bu sürtünme bu durum için Öngörülmüş olan düz ve birbirlerine basılan yüzeylerle örneğin sürtünme bilezikleri ile elde edilir. Bu baskı kuvveti ayarlanabildiği taktirde kullanma durumuna bağlı olarak istenilen sürtünme momenti elde edilebilir. Sürtünme sisteminde dikkât edilecek durum, başlangıçta ayarlanan sürtünme yüksekliğinin söndürücüsünün yaşama müddeti boyunca sabit kalabilmesidir. Bu sebeple burada kullanılan yayların karakteristiğinin yatık olması lazımdır. Burada dikkat edilecek diğer bir husus, kavrama sistemi daimi olarak belirli bir&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;yağ filmi ve bulutu altında bulunduğu için bütün sürtünme sisteminin yağa karşı dayanıklı olması gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Torksiyon yayı karakteristiği ile sürtünme tarafından belirlenen benzer doğrular elde edilebilmektedir. Şekil gerek çekme ve gerekse basma tarafından aynı karakteri veren simetrik söndürücü karakteristik diyagramı görülmektedir. Elastik bir torksiyon söndürücüsünün torksiyon yay karakteristiği daha başka bir görünüm arz etmektedir. Yay karakteristiği orta sahada yatık ve çalışma sahasının sonlarına doğru oldukça dik bir durum almaktadır. Böyle bir karakteristiğe torksiyon yaylarının arka arkaya devreye girmeleri ile yani belirli bir yoldan sonra ilaveten yük taşıma durumunun sağlanması ile ulaşılabilir. Böyle bir söndürücünün diyagramı (Sekil 1.31) ile gösterilmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;356&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image053.jpg&quot; width=&quot;357&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 27. Simetrik olarak tesir eden söndürücüsünün çalışma şekli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 1,32 de gösterilen söndürücüsüz kavramalar vites kutusu titreşimlerinin meydana gelmediği veya kabul edilebilir sınırlarda olduğu durumlarda kullanılır. Bazen düşük maliyete ulaşabilme arzusu bu çözümü zorlamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;c) Söndürücülü kavrama tipi en basit torksiyon söndürücülü yapım şeklini göstermektedir (Şekil 1.33). Sürtünme yönünde gerekli olan eksenel kuvveti kollara uygun saç sağlamaktadır. Bu söndürücü, sürtünme momentinin dar sınırlarda sabit tutulmasının söz konusu olduğu durumlar için öngörülmektedir. S - tipi söndürücüde eksenel kuvvetin tesiri sürtünme sisteminde öngörülmüş olan yaprak yaylar ile sağlanmaktadır (Şekil 1.34). Bu yayların karakteristiği, sürtünme sisteminin bütün aşıntı alanında sürtünme momentini sabit tutabilmek için çok yatıktır. Yaprak yaylı sürtünme sistemi özellikle küçük ve orta değerde sürtünme momentleri için uygun olmaktadır. S- Söndürücü otomobillerde ve hafif kamyonetlerde kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;377&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image055.jpg&quot; width=&quot;399&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 28. Progresif söndürücünün diyagramı.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;371&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image057.jpg&quot; width=&quot;225&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 29. Söndürücüsüz kavrama diski. (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;377&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image059.jpg&quot; width=&quot;251&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 30. C-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;390&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image061.jpg&quot; width=&quot;235&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 31. S-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;396&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image063.jpg&quot; width=&quot;257&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 32. R-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;d. Söndürücüleri orta büyüklükteki disk büyüklüklerinde yüksek sürtünme momentlerinin istenildiği durumlarda kullanılır. Bu T-tipi söndürücü konstrüksiyonu sürtünme sisteminde eksenel baskı kuvvetini elde edebilmek için iç kısımda bulunan tabak yaylarını kullanmaktadır (Şekil 1.36). Böylece sabit ve eğer gerekli ise yüksek sürtünme kuvvetinin yanında ek olarak alçak yapım şekli gibi bir fayda sağlanmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu modern konstrüksiyonun kullanma alanları küçük ve orta büyüklükteki otomobil ve hafif nakil araçları olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;363&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image065.jpg&quot; width=&quot;238&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 33. T-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;384&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image067.jpg&quot; width=&quot;246&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 34. GS-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;385&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image069.jpg&quot; width=&quot;246&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 35. GT-Söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;383&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image071.jpg&quot; width=&quot;232&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 36. W-Söndürücülü kavrama diski&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;(Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Küçük disk çaplı S-Söndürücülerde olduğu gibi büyük kavrama diskli CS-Söndürücülerinden (Şekil 1.37) sürtünme sistemi için gerekli olan eksenel kuvvet, kuvvetli yaprak yaylarla elde edilmektedir. Buna ilaveten bu kuvvetli torksiyon söndürücü konstrüksiyonda büyük sürtünme yüzeyleri diskin ömrü boyunca,. sabit ve yüksek bir sürtünme momentini mümkün kılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;GS-Söndürücüleri birçok yıllardan beri ağır araçlarda kullanılmaktadır. GT-Söndürücüsünde sürtünme sistemi için gerekli eksenel kuvveti aynı şekilde bir tabak yayı ile elde edilmektedir (Şekil 1.38). Söndürücü basit yapılmış olup büyük disk ölçülerindeki orta ve yüksek zorlamaları karşılamaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu söndürücü, dar sınırlarda ve yüksek olmayan sürtünme momentinin sabit tutulmasının söz konusu olmayan kullanma durumları için düşünülmüştür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;352&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image073.jpg&quot; width=&quot;209&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 37. M-Söndürücülü kavrama diski. (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;294&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image075.jpg&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 38. Geçiş kavramaları için torksiyon söndürücü. (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;W-Söndürücüsü, esas torksiyon söndürücüsüne eklenmiş olan bir ön-söndürücüdür (Şekil 1.39). Görevi boşa dönme esnasındaki vites kutusunun gürültülerini söndürmektir. Bu nedenle, çok küçük bir yay momenti ile çok küçük sürtünmesi mevcuttur. Çeki veya kayma momentlerine geçiş esnasında ön söndürücü dayama yerin yaslanmaktadır. Bundan sonra tesirli torksiyon söndürücü (Ana söndürücü) yapılışı yönünden ön söndürücüden bağımsız olarak çalışır. W-Söndürücüsü, örneğin, S, T, GT, ve GS-Söndürücüleri ile beraber kullanılabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;M-Söndürücü tipinde, ön söndürücü ana söndürücüye bağlanmıştır. Bu nedenle bu konstruksiyon daha küçük bir yapım uzunluğuna gereksinme duymaktadır (Şekil 1.40). ön söndürücü boşa dönme basamağında başka iki yay basamağı daha öngörülmüştür. Her üç moment alanından her birinde başka bir söndürücü histerisi tesirli olmak tadır. Bu modern ve yüksek kaliteli söndürücü tipi, özellikle zor şartlar ve yüksek konforun istendiği durumlar için uygun olmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;401&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image077.jpg&quot; width=&quot;207&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 39. Civata ile bağlanan torksiyon söndürücü (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Otomatik vites kutularında değiştirici veriminin iyileştirilebilmesi için artan bir şekilde geçiş kavramaları kullanılmaktadır (Şekil 1.41). Döner titreşim söndürücüsü kapalı kavramada titreşimleri ve gürültüleri önlemekte, aşıntıyı azaltmakta ve bütün tahrik hattını rahatlatmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Söndürücü büyüklüğü ve karakteristiği otomobil ve kamyonlardaki kullanma şartlarına uydurulabilmekte ve daha önceki sayfalarda anlatılan tiplere uymaktadır. Civata ile bağlanabilen torksiyon söndürücüsü motor ile volan, örneğin pompa, hidrostatik vites kutusu arasında bir bağlantı elementidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama balataları kavramanın bağlanması esnasında yaylanarak baskı yüzeylerine oturmakta ve eşit olarak aşınmaktadır. Aynı amaç ara yay tabakaları ile de gerçekleşmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Krank milindeki döner titreşimler tahrik sistemine zarar verecek şekilde tesir edebileceklerinden, birçok kavrama diskinde daha önce de belirtildiği üzere teğetsel olarak yerleştirilmiş helisel yaylar bulunmaktadır. Bunlar disk göbeği ile disk balata yüzeyleri arasındaki elastik bağıntıyı sağlamakta ve meydana gelen titreşimleri söndürmektedir. Söndürme yayların ön gerilmesi ile daire parçalarının açısal konumuna bağlıdır. Ön gerilme, sabit tutulan göbekte kavrama diskinin döndürülmesiyle kontrol edilebilir. Yeterli olmayan elastiklik durumunda diskin değiştirilmesi gerekir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;İşletmede balatalar zamanla aşınmaktadır, İçi boş perçinler baskı yüzeylerine sürtünerek bunların hasara uğramasına sebep olmaktadırlar. Balatalar, kavramanın yanlış kullanılmasıyla kolayca yanmakta ve sürtünme katsayıları azalmaktadır. Bozulmuş olan balataların değiştirilmeleri gerekir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;328&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image079.jpg&quot; width=&quot;488&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 40. ön söndürücüsü olan kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;206&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image081.jpg&quot; width=&quot;509&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 41. Çok kademeli torksiyon söndürücülü kavrama diski (Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;293&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image083.jpg&quot; width=&quot;358&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 42. Bir kavrama diskinin parçaları.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;256&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image085.jpg&quot; width=&quot;358&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 43. Balataların perçinlenmesi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Eski balatalar perçinlerin delinmesiyle dikkatlice çıkarılır. Yeni balatalar öngörülmüş olan deliklerle donatılmış olup, her iki taraftan çapraz şekilde diskin daire parçalarına bir perçin presi ile (Şekil 1.45) perçinlenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Her iki yüzeyin birbirine göre paralel hareketi bir ölçme saati ile kontrol edilir (Şekil 1.47). Yüzeylerin paralelsizliği 200 mm lik bir çapta en fazla 0,5 mm olmalıdır. Bu değerin üzerindeki sapmalar bir düzeltme çatalı yardımıyla giderilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama diskinin balatalar çakıldıktan sonra balansı yapılır. Bunun için diske uygun bir mil geçirilir ve bununla beraber, daha önce su terazisi ile her iki yönden düzeltilmiş olan yatakların üzerine oturtulur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Diskin döndürülmesi esnasında bir balanssızlık tespit edilirse, diskin dış çevresi uygun şekilde taşlanır. Kavrama kapağı, kavrama baskı plakasını ve bunun için gerekli baskı yayları ile baskı kollarını taşımaktadır (Şekil 1.48).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image087.jpg&quot; width=&quot;289&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 44. Paralelliğin kontrolü.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;174&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image089.jpg&quot; width=&quot;253&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 45. Kavrama kapağındaki parçalar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kolları baskı plakasına tespit eden civatalar, baskı plakasının ayarlanmasını sağlamaktadır. Baskı plakası iyi ısı alabilme ve sürtünme özellikleri nedeniyle dökme demirden yapılmaktadır. Isının yaylara geçişi izole rondelaları ile önlenmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama kapağı volana cıvatalarla bağlanmıştır. Kavramanın bütün hareketli yüzeylerinin birbirlerine paralel olmaları gerekir. Aksi halde, kavrama diski tek yönlü yükleneceğinden kavrama mili ekseninden saptırılır. Baskı plakasının her parça değiştirme işleminde, hareket yüzeyine göre ayarlanması şarttır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu amaç için ayar cihazı mevcut değilse, tekrar volana monte edilir ve geri çekme bileziği ile baskı plakasının paralel hareketi kontrol edilir (Şekil 1.47). Sapma en fazla 0,04 mm olmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Baskı plakasının torna edilmesi durumunda baskı kollarındaki civataların tekrar ayarlanması gerekir. Şart koşulan ayar ölçüsü en kolay bir şekilde&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;derinlik kumpası ile kontrol edilebilir (Şekil 1.49).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Geri çekme düzeni ayak pedalının hareketini bir çatal&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ile baskı yatağına ve oradan dönen geri çekme bileziğine iletir (Şekil 1.21 ve Şekil 1.50).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Baskı yatağındaki sürtünme mümkün mertebe küçük olmalıdır. Aksi halde hareket eden yüzeyler aşırı derecede ısınarak aşınırlar. Plastik malzemeden imal edilen yatak bileziklerinde toz grafit ve molibden disulfid içeren bir yağ bulunmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bazı geri çekme düzenleri rulmanlı yatak ile donatılmış olup daha yüksek zorlamalara dayanabilmekte ve zaman zaman yağlanması yeterli olabilmektedir. Geri çekme yatağı, kavramanın bağlanmış durumunda geri çekme bileziğine dayanmamalıdır. Bunun sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan aralık kavrama boşluğudur. Bu aralığın firması tarafından verilen değerlere uyması büyük önem taşımaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;534&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image091.jpg&quot; width=&quot;359&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 46. Geri çekme düzeninin parçaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;172&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image093.jpg&quot; width=&quot;249&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 47. Kavrama boşluğunun kontrolü&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ayak pedalının yolu bir dayama ile sınırlandırılmış olup bir yay,kolu başlangıç konumuna çekmektedir. Zamanla kavrama balataları aşınınca, geri çekme kolu geri çekme bileziğini, geri çekme yatağına doğru çeker. Bu şekilde kavrama boşluğu küçülmeğe başlar ve kavrama yaylarının baskı plakasına olan baskı kuvveti geri çekme yatağı tarafından alınır. Baskı kuvveti kavrama diskini yeterli derecede basmayınca- kavrama diski kayarak ısınmaya başlar ve açığa çıkan ısı diğer kavrama parçalarına tesir ederek onları hasara uğratır. Kavramanın yanlış kullanılmasıyla bu durum hız kazanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama boşluğunun küçük olması vites basamaklarının seçiminde hissedilir. Geri vites basamağı bu nedenle zor geçer. Bu nedenle kavrama boşluğunun daimi olarak kontrol edilerek, gereği halinde hemen ayarlanması gerekir. Bunun için birçok kavramanın kavrama kolunda veya çubuklarında emniyetlendirilmiş bir ayar cıvatası bulunmaktadır. Ayar ölçüsü ayak pedalının boşa hareketinde pedal üzerinden ölçülebilir (Şekil 1.51). Merkezi olarak yerleştirilmiş kavrama yayında (Şekil 1.52), kavrama aralığı direkt olarak kavrama üzerinde yapılır. Ayar bileziği kavramanın çözülmüş durumunda kolayca döndürülebilir ve emniyet yayı ile yerinde tutulur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ayak pedalının yolu bir dayama ile sınırlandırılmış olup bir yay,kolu başlangıç konumuna çekmektedir. Zamanla kavrama balataları aşınınca, geri çekme kolu geri çekme bileziğini, geri çekme yatağına doğru çeker. Bu şekilde kavrama boşluğu küçülmeğe başlar ve kavrama yaylarının baskı plakasına olan baskı kuvveti geri çekme yatağı tarafından alınır. Baskı kuvveti kavrama diskini yeterli derecede basmayınca- kavrama diski kayarak ısınmaya başlar ve açığa çıkan ısı diğer kavrama parçalarına tesir ederek onları hasara uğratır. Kavramanın yanlış kullanılmasıyla bu durum hız kazanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama boşluğunun küçük olması vites basamaklarının seçiminde hissedilir. Geri vites basamağı bu nedenle zor geçer. Bu nedenle kavrama boşluğunun daimi olarak kontrol edilerek, gereği halinde hemen ayarlanması gerekir. Bunun için birçok kavramanın kavrama kolunda veya çubuklarında emniyetlendirilmiş bir ayar cıvatası bulunmaktadır. Ayar ölçüsü ayak pedalının boşa hareketinde pedal üzerinden ölçülebilir (Şekil 1.51).Merkezi olarak yerleştirilmiş kavrama yayında (Şekil 1.52), kavrama aralığı direkt olarak kavrama üzerinde yapılır. Ayar bileziği kavramanın çözülmüş durumunda kolayca döndürülebilir ve emniyet yayı ile yerinde tutulur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hidrolik kumandalı kavramalarda boşluğun tespitinde, geri çekme çatalı, geri çekme yayının kuvvetine karşı gelecek şekilde, geri çekme yatağının geri çekme plakasına dayanması hissedilinceye kadar basılmalıdır. Aralık, alıcı silindirin baskı çubuğunun ileriye veya geriye doğru döndürülmesiyle ayarlanır (Şekil 1.52).&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Membran yaylı kavramaların gerek basılarak ve gerekse çekilerek çözülen tiplerinin kavrama aralığına gerek duymadan çalışmaları mümkündür. Geri çekici daima membran yayın dillerinin uçlarına basmakta ve sürekli olarak dönmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;382&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image095.jpg&quot; width=&quot;339&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 48. Merkezden yaylı tek diskli kavrama.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;262&quot; hspace=&quot;3&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image097.jpg&quot; width=&quot;160&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 49. Hidrolik kumandalı ayar aralıklı kavrama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;106&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image099.jpg&quot; width=&quot;184&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 50. Ayar aralığı olmayan kavramanın alıcı silindiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Geri çekici bir ön gerdirme kuvveti takriben AO N ile membran yayın dillerinin uçlarına basmaktadır. Ön gerdirme kuvveti alıcı silindir içindeki yay ile sağlanmakta ve piston üzerinden baskı çubuğuna iletilmektedir (Şekil 1.54).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kavrama, kavrama diskindeki aşıntı durumuna uygun olarak alıcı silindirdeki yay kuvvetine karşı gelecek şekilde kendi kendini ayarlamaktadır. Bu kavrama çeşidinde kavrama pedalının sükunetteki durumunda sabit bir dayama olmadığından kavrama artan balata aşıntısı ile kendi kendini serbest olarak ayarlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.5.3. Geri çekici (Baskı bileziği)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Geri çekici, geri çekme kuvvetini sabit duran geri çekme mekanizmasından motor devir sayısı ile dönen baskı plakasına iletir. Bu nedenle geri çekici daima bir baskı rulmanlı yatağına sahiptir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Geri çekiciler aşağıda belirtildiği hususlara göre yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a- Merkezi yön verme veya salınımlı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bugünkü, otomobil sanayiinde merkezi yönlendirilen geri çekiciler yerleşmiştir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bu özellikle, otomatik olarak ayarlanabilen kavramalarda daimi hareket eden geri çekicide problemsiz olarak gerçekleştiği için kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 25px; left: 0px; margin-left: -290px; margin-top: 97px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 2px; z-index: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image100.gif&quot; width=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 26px; left: 0px; margin-left: -261px; margin-top: 97px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 2px; z-index: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;26&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image101.gif&quot; width=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;height: 24px; left: 0px; margin-left: -292px; margin-top: 98px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 2px; z-index: 3;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image102.gif&quot; width=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Salınımlı bir şekilde yerleştirilmiş olan geri çekici sadece çok az kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;b- Dönen iç bilezik veya dönen dış bilezik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dönen iç bilezik aşağıda verilen faydalı yönlere sahiptir. Her yeni kalkışta (kavrama işleminde) ivmelendirilecek küçük kütle miktarı küçük bilya çevre hızları sabit duran dış bilezik nedeniyle gres yağının tutulması daha iyi olmaktadır. (Gres yağma merkezkaç kuvvet tesiri olmamaktadır).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;c- Sabit veya kendi kendine merkezleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kendi kendine merkezleyen geri çekici, krank mili ile geri çekici burcu arasında her yöne takriben 1,4 mm olan kaçıklığı otomatik olarak denkleştirmektedir. Böylece, membran yayı dillerinin uçları ile geri çekici arasındaki rölatif hareketler büyük miktarda önleyerek aşıntı ve gürültüler azaltılır. Otomobillerde kullanılan geri çekiciler bütün ömürleri boyunca daimi olarak yağlanmış olduklarından servise gereksinmeleri yoktur. Kamyonlar için kullanılacak geri çekicilerin yön verici burcu yağ bağlantısı ile donatılabilir. Normal olarak bu çekiciler de daimi yağlanmalıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Yay dillerinin uçları düz olan membran yaylı kavramalarda geri çekicinin temas yüzeyleri küresel yapılmıştır. Merkezi olarak yönlendirilen diğer bir geri çekici (Alu-kayıcı burç) aşınmaya dayanıklı alüminyum piston alaşımından imal edilmiştir (Şekil 1.56). Bu malzeme çelik saçtan(otomobillerde) yapılmış yön verici burca karşı çalışabildiği gibi dökme demirden veya tamper dökümünden (kamyonlarda) yapılmış olana karşı karşıya çalışmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;278&quot; hspace=&quot;3&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image104.jpg&quot; width=&quot;234&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 51. Geri çekici saçtan(otomobillerde) yapılmış&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;(Fichtel u. Sachs)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.5.4. Kavrama baskı plakaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membran yaylı baskı plakalarında, özel şekillendirilmiş tabak yayının karekteristiği nedeniyle baskı kuvveti aşıntı yoluna bağlı olarak takriben aynı kalmaktadır (Şekil 1.66).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Çekilerek kumanda edilen paskı plakaları, basılarak kumanda edilen baskı plakalarının iyiliklerine sahip olduğu gibi şu özelliklere de sahiptir:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Aynı baskı plakası büyüklüğünde daha büyük döndürme momenti iletim imkanı,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Daha az ağırlık,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Daha küçük eksenel yapım yüksekliği,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Hava soğutmalı baskı plakası.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Helisel yaylı baskı plakalarında artan aşıntı ile baskı kuvveti azalmaktadır. Geri çekme kuvveti kavramayı çözme esnasında artmaktadır. Çeşitli yay takımlarının kullanılmasıyla bu tiplerin yeni yapım durumlarında baskı kuvvetini basit ve ucuz olarak geniş alanda değiştirmek mümkündür.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;a- Tek diskli baskı plakası (Membran yaylı)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membran yaylı baskı plakaları otomobillerde tercih edilen yapım şekilleridir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Yüksek motor devir sayılarına karşı çok az hassasiyet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Yüksek baskı kuvvetinde alçak yapım yüksekliği&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Bütün aşıntı yolunda sabit kalan baskı kuvveti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;- Basit montaj&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img height=&quot;344&quot; src=&quot;http://www.obitet.gazi.edu.tr/obitet/sasi_ve_guc_aktarma_organlari/kavramalar_dosyalar/image106.jpg&quot; width=&quot;470&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 52. Membran yaylı tek diskli baskı plakası ( M - tipi )&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Döndürme momentin iletimi için gerekli baskı kuvveti bir özel membran yayı ile elde edilir. Bu yayın konstrüksiyonu ayrı bir geri çekme kolunun kullanılmasına gerek bırakmamaktadır.Geri çekici merkezden tesirli çok kere membran yayın dillerine direkt olarak tesir etmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Özel perçinlerle derin çekilmiş gövdeye özel perçinlerle tutturulan iki tel bilezik ile membran yayın dönme çemberi belirlenir. Kullanma durumuna bağlı olarak gövdeye rijitliği artıracak ve kaburga görevi yapabilen çukurluklar basılması mümkündür. Bu durumda bir tel bilezik ortadan kalkmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kuvvetli bir şekilde ölçümlendirilmiş olan baskı plakası yaprak yaylı paket yardımıyla gövdede merkezlenmiş olup sürtünmesiz olarak tutulmaktadır. Döndürme momentini iletmekte ve aynı zamanda kavramanın çözülmesinde geri çekme yayı olarak görev yapmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/3696950047876223096/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/kavramalar.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3696950047876223096'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3696950047876223096'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/kavramalar.html' title='KAVRAMALAR'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-3787009891791367873</id><published>2011-05-07T14:51:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-07T14:51:54.275-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="borpower"/><title type='text'>borpower nanoteknolojik yağ</title><content type='html'>Bor adı üzerinde ülkemizde bol bulunan bor madeninden üretilmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;
MCDP kristalleri kullanılarak imal edilir.Borpower yağ katkısının özel ticari veya endüstriyel sektörde kullanılan makine ve motorların ömrünü uzatır.&lt;br /&gt;
MCDP kristalleri ve nanoborun hareketli metal yüzeylerdeki sürtünme aşınma ve korozyonu çok önemli ölçüde ve sürekli olarak azaltmaya yardımcı yardımcı olur.&lt;br /&gt;
Bir dünya markası olan türk üretimi borpower&lt;br /&gt;
-yakıtta %10un üzerinde tasarruf,&lt;br /&gt;
-motor gücünde %10 artış,&lt;br /&gt;
-yağ ömründe artış,&lt;br /&gt;
-motor ve şanzuman seslerine son verir,&lt;br /&gt;
-rektefiye ömrüne maksimum artış sağlar, &lt;br /&gt;
-yağ eksiltmeye son,&lt;br /&gt;
-hararet sorununa son, &lt;br /&gt;
-egzos emisyon gazlarında %15 azalma sağlamaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;nbsp;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/3787009891791367873/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/borpower-nanoteknolojik-yag.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3787009891791367873'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/3787009891791367873'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/borpower-nanoteknolojik-yag.html' title='borpower nanoteknolojik yağ'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-5288281523342492467</id><published>2011-05-07T14:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-07T14:40:00.887-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="bilgileri"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="dizel"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="motor"/><title type='text'>DİZEL MOTORA AİT BAZI BİLGİLER</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dizel motorlarda &lt;/b&gt;silindire sadec hava doldurulur ve yanma       sıkıştırılmış havanın üzerine enjektörden yakıt püskürtülmesiyle sağlanır.       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dizel motorların yakıt sisteminde &lt;b&gt;günlük yaplacak işlerden       biri&lt;/b&gt; mazot-su ayırıcısı veya filtre ya da yakıt deposundan yakıt       sisteminin suyunun alınmasıdır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dizel motorlarda yanma enjektörden &lt;b&gt;yakıt püskürtmekle&lt;/b&gt;  olur.       Enjektörler kendilerine enjeksyon pompasından gelen mazotu  silindirlerdeki       sıkıştırılmış havanın içine püskürterek yanmayı  sağlarlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Enjeksyon pompası, besleme pompası ile depodan gelen yakıtı       basınçlı olarak enjektörlere yollar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dizel motorun çalışmamasının bir nedeni, hava yapmış olmasıdır.       &lt;b&gt;Hava yapmanın nedenleri:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
-yakıtın bitmesi,&lt;br /&gt;
-boru ve       rekorların gevşemesi,&lt;br /&gt;
-yakıt borularının sökülmesi,&lt;br /&gt;
-filtrenin       temizlenmesi veya değişmesidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Dizel motorlarda &lt;b&gt;egzost dumanı siyah çıkıyorsa &lt;/b&gt;yakıt        pompasına, enjektöre ve hava filtresine bakılır. Ayrıca dizel  motorlarda       marş yapıldığında marş motoru dönüyor ancak motor  çalışmıyorsa yakıt       filtresi de takılı olabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Özellikle &lt;b&gt;soğuk havalarda&lt;/b&gt; dizel motoru kolay çalıştırabilmek       için &lt;b&gt;kızdırma bujileri&lt;/b&gt; kulanılır.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/5288281523342492467/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/dizel-motora-ait-bazi-bilgiler.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5288281523342492467'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/5288281523342492467'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/dizel-motora-ait-bazi-bilgiler.html' title='DİZEL MOTORA AİT BAZI BİLGİLER'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-8043652219863223749</id><published>2011-05-07T14:39:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-07T14:39:26.308-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="bakımlar"/><title type='text'>BAKIMLAR</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Günlük bakımda &lt;/b&gt;motorun yağına, suyuna, fren hidroliğine,       yakıtına, lastik hava basınçlarına, ışık ve ikaz sistemlerine bakılır.       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Haftalık bakımda &lt;/b&gt;vantilatör kayışı gerginliği, akü bakımı       yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Akü  bakımı yaparken akü dış yüzeylerinin ve kutup başlarındaki        oksitlerin sodalı su ve sıcak su ile temizlenmesine, plakaların 1 cm        üzerine kadar saf su ilave edilmesine, eleman kapak deliklerinin açık        tutulmasına, kışın akü donmasın diye akü tam şarj ettirilir,  dijital       göstergeli araçta asla akü takviyesi yapılmaz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Akü kendiliğinden boşanıyorsa akünün üst kısmında pislik       birikmiştir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Kısa devreden dolayı yangın olursa akü kutup başları       çıkarılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Akü 2 kutp başı arasında her iki kutup başına değen bir madeni       parça konsa akü kısa devre olup patlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Yağlı tip hava filtresinin bakımı yapılırken sökülen parçalar gaz       yağı ile temizlenir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Yeni  bir araçta 0-2000 km arası ilk kullanım süresine rodaj denir.        Rodaj süresi çalışan parçaların birbiriyle alışma süresidir. Rodaj        süresince aşırı sürat yapılmaz, ani duruş kalkış yapılmaz, motor tam  güç       konumunda çalıştırılmaz, uzun süre sabit hızda gidilmez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/8043652219863223749/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/bakimlar.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8043652219863223749'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/8043652219863223749'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/bakimlar.html' title='BAKIMLAR'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8256157722853482322.post-4902011555397430982</id><published>2011-05-07T14:39:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-05-07T14:39:00.461-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="sistemi"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="SÜSPANSİYON"/><title type='text'>SÜSPANSİYON SİSTEMİ</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Süspansiyon sistemi, &lt;/b&gt;araç  tekerlerinin aracın şasi ve       gövdesiyle birleştirildiği sistemdir.  Yaylar (helezon yay), yaprak yaylar       (makaslar) ve amortisörlerden  oluşur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Helezon yaylar otomobil türü araçlarda&lt;b&gt; makaslar &lt;/b&gt;ise       genellikle ağır hizmet araçlarında kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Yaylar, &lt;/b&gt;yoldan gelen darbe titreşimleri üzerine alır.       Yayların salınımını &lt;b&gt;amortisör&lt;/b&gt; kontrol eder.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/feeds/4902011555397430982/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/suspansiyon-sistemi.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4902011555397430982'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8256157722853482322/posts/default/4902011555397430982'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://motorbilgileri.blogspot.com/2011/05/suspansiyon-sistemi.html' title='SÜSPANSİYON SİSTEMİ'/><author><name>nuri</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05250839257052170860</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='31' height='27' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5Dx2ZrhsZ4ZL39JOaJ3SoV1Yu5Qr8iLU_RmnHpeNSGfGo0QBXugopO084DTrnA4qvhLfOmc-2jsJQW85a4loazl0QmHtC1L_DLDgjOBzbDD6shZcjRMcRv59GRaqvF4/s220/65-diesel-engine-custom.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>