Engineerz mind..:)

25 Facts that you may not know

2012-06-24T19:22:00.002+05:30

Funny but true...!!!

1. Apples, not caffeine, are more efficient at waking you up in the morning.

2. Alfred Hitchcock didn't have a belly button.

3. 40,000 Americans are injured by toilets each year.

4. People do not get sick from cold weather; it's from being indoors a lot more.

5. When you sneeze, all bodily functions stop, even your heart!

6. Only 7 per cent of the population are lefties.

7. Forty people are sent to the hospital for dog bites every minute.

8. Babies are born without kneecaps. They don't appear until they are 2-6 years old.

9. Humphrey Bogart was related to Princess

Diana. They were 7th cousins

10. The toothbrush was invented in 1498.

11. The average housefly lives for one month.

12. A pack-a-day smoker will lose approximately 2 teeth every 10 years.

13. A coat hanger is 44 inches long when straightened.

14. The average computer user blinks 7 times a minute.

15. Your feet are bigger in the afternoon than any other time of day.

16. Most of us have eaten a spider in our sleep.

17. The REAL reason ostriches stick their head in the sand is to search for water.

18. The only two animals that can see behind themselves without turning their heads are the rabbit and the

parrot.

19. The first Harley Davidson motorcycle built in 1903 used a tomato can for a carburetor.

20. Michael Jackson owns the rights to the South Carolina State anthem.

21. In most television commercials advertising milk, a mixture of white paint and a little thinner is used in

place of the milk.

22. Prince Charles and Prince William NEVER travel on the same Airplane, just in case there is a crash.

23.John Travolta turned down the starring roles in "An Officer and a Gentleman" and "Tootsie."

24. Most hospitals make money by selling the umbilical cords cut from women who give birth. They are used in vein transplant surgery.

25. .The average person over 50 will have spent 5 years waiting in lines.

Alan Turing : A Hero

2012-06-23T16:37:00.000+05:30

Tribute to this great hero of Computer science on his 100th Birthday

Alan Turing

Alan Turing was an English mathematician, wartime code-breaker and pioneer of computer science. Alan Turing was best-known for helping decipher the code created by German Enigma machines in the Second World War, and for being one of the founders of computer science and artificial intelligence

Alan Turing was born on 23 June, 1912, in London. His father was in the Indian Civil Service and Turing's parents lived in INDIA until his father's retirement in 1926. Turing and his brother stayed with friends and relatives in England. Turing studied mathematics at Cambridge University.

Alan's house declared as
Heritage of UK

Alan Turing’s life cycle

· 1912 Alan Mathison Turing born in Maida Vale, London, to Ethel Sara Turing (nee Stoney) and Julius Mathison Turing.

· 1927-30 Alan furthers his love of science and maths by reading Einstein whilst at Sherborne. His great friend, Christopher Morcom, who shares his interests, suddenly dies. Alan is devastated.

· 1934 Alan graduates with distinction in Mathematics from King's College, Cambridge.

· 1938 Alan goes to Princeton University in America to study mathematics and is awarded a PhD.

Board outside the
Alan turing's house

· 1939 September - Alan is asked to join the Government Codes and Ciphers School and arrives at Bletchley Park the day after war is declared.

· 1940 With Gordon Welchman, Alan develops the Bombe to decipher the messages sent by the Germans using their Enigma machine.

· 1943-45 Alan works with top people in the USA, which he visits to share information on code breaking.

· 1945 At the end of the war, Alan Turing is awarded the OBE for his wartime services.

· 1946 Alan publishes a paper with the first detailed design of a stored-program computer.

· 1949 Alan is made deputy director of the Computing Laboratory at Manchester University.

· 1950 Alan publishes the famous paper 'Computing Machinery and Intelligence' in which he develops the Turing Test.

· 1951 Alan is elected Fellow of the Royal Society, and also gives talks about Artificial Intelligence on the BBC.

· 1952 Turing was arrested and tried for homosexuality, then a criminal offence. To avoid prison, he accepted injections of oestrogen for a year, which were intended to neutralise his libido. In that era, homosexuals were considered a security risk as they were open to blackmail. Turing's security clearance was withdrawn, meaning he could no longer work for GCHQ, the post-war successor to Bletchley Park.

· 1954 ,7 june Alan dies in his home in Wilmslow, Cheshire, from poisoning. A half-eaten apple was found next to him laced with cyanide.

· 1986 A play, Breaking the Code, about Alan's life and work opens in the West End with Derek Jacobi playing Alan.

· 2007 A slate sculpture of Turing is unveiled at Bletchley Park.

· 2009 Thousands of people sign a petition. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown makes a public apology saying the treatment of Alan Turing was "appalling".

“Machines take me by surprise with great frequency!”

Alan Turing

Top 10 awesome beds of world

2012-06-22T01:24:00.001+05:30

These are the most cool and sexy design of beds.

The forest bed for wild peoples..:p

This is called the Facebooker bed with inbuilt computer table for accessing fb..:)

The stand n sleep bed..the softest bed ever guys..

Girlz its your dream bed i guess. This is the cinderella bed, but don't worry it won't get normal at mid night.

The gyro-bed.just hide yourself in it.

The grass bed. sleep on the grass..;-)

The empty hot dog..:p

This is sort of like a giant sleeping bag ,one has a zipper blanket. .

The hanging-bed , but hey..beware of mosquitoes.!!

This is the techno-bed , now your mom can say you to switch off the tv and go to your bed. because you are already on your bed. This bed is for REST LOVERS.

Representing the first internet hacker

2012-06-21T17:26:00.001+05:30

Robert Morris

Robert Tappan Morris (born November 8, 1965) is an American computer scientist, best known for creating the Morris Worm in 1988, considered the first computer worm on the Internet - and subsequently becoming the first person convicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

In 1988 Robert Tappan Morris a Cornell University graduate student created the first worm and unleashed the first worm attack on the Internet. Subsequently becoming the first person convicted under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.

but Robert did not intend for any damage with the worm he said he just wanted to get an idea of the size of the web but unfortunately the worm began replicating itself at a far faster rate than he intended causing extensive damage. He released the worm using MIT’s systems to disguise the fact that he was a Cornell student.

Morris was indicted and found guilty in 1990. He was given a sentence of $10,050 fine, 400 hours of community service, and three-year probation. Interestingly the worm which he released got his own name ‘Morris Worm’

.NET Tutorial: 1

2012-06-13T17:50:00.004+05:30

Firstly with some general terms:

What is Website.?

A website is a collection of web pages (documents that are accessed through the Internet), such as the one you're looking at now. A web page is what you see on the screen when you type in a web address, click on a link, or put a query in a search engine. A web page can contain any type of information, and can include text, color, graphics, animation and sound.

What is Webpage?

A web page or webpage is a document commonly written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) that is accessible through the Internet or other network using a browser. A web page is accessed by entering a URL addresses and may contain text, graphics, and hyperlinks to other web pages and files. The page you're reading now is an example of a web page

Website always run at web server and it views in html form at the client site.

[Client - it is a user who access the website from its home by writing the web address of website in its web browser.]

In the case of a website created by .NET technology the web server MUST be of Microsoft.

.NET Framework:- Collection of tools, technologies and languages which work together to communicate on MULTIPLE PLATE FORM.

NOTE- .NET Framework DON’T install on Non-Microsoft operating system.

.NET Framework Architecture:

CLR (Common Language Runtime):- It is an environment which manage the execution of code.

Memory management.

Garbage collection.

Support multiple languages. (more than 45 language).

Now you all know what is memory management , but the question arise what is Garbage collection ??

.Net Framework's- Memory Management Garbage Collector which manages allocation and release of memory from application. Now developers no need to worry about memory allocated for each object which is created on application. garbage collector automatically manages memory on application.

Garbage Collection
The heap memory is divided into number of generations. Normally it is three generations. The Generation 0 is for short live objects, Generation 1 is for medium live objects which are moved from Generation 0. Generation 3 is mostly stable objects.

When an object is created then it will allocate the memory space which will be higher. It will be in the Generation 0 and the memory allocation will be continuous without any space between the generations of garbage collectors.

How it works

Implicit Garbage Collection should be handled by the .Net framework. When object is created then it will be placed in the Generation 0. The garbage collection uses an algorithm which checks the objects in the generation, the objects life time get over then it will be removed from the memory. The two kinds of objects. One is Live Objects and Dead Objects. The Garbage collection algorithm collects all unused objects that are dead objects in the generation. If the live objects running for long time then based on that life time it will be moved to next generation.

The object cleaning in the generation will not take place exactly after the life time over of the particular objects. It takes own time to implement the sweeping algorithm to free the spaces to the process.

Implementation of automatic and forcefully garbage collection:

Memory Allocation of object:

XYZ x; (memory allocation in STACK)

XYZ x= New XYZ; (memory allocation in HEAP)

[Where XYZ is class and x is its object.]

The memory of object created by second method in heap need to destroy forcefully. So garbage collection is not only an automated process it can also be used forcefully.

CTS (Common Type System)-

Common Type System (CTS) describes a set of types that can be used in different .Net languages in common . That is , the Common Type System (CTS) ensure that objects written in different .Net languages can interact with each other. For Communicating between programs written in any .NET complaint language, the types have to be compatible on the basic level .

What functions does the Common Type System perform?

Establishes a framework that helps enable cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution.
Provides an object-oriented model that supports the complete implementation of many programming languages.
Defines rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that objects written in different languages can interact with each other.

What types does the Common Type System support?

Value types

Value types directly contain their data, and instances of value types are either allocated on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. Value types can be built-in (implemented by the runtime), user-defined, or enumerations. For a list of built-in value types, see the .NET Framework Class Library.
Reference types

Reference types store a reference to the value's memory address, and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be self-describing types, pointer types, or interface types. The type of a reference type can be determined from values of self-describing types. Self-describing types are further split into arrays and class types. The class types are user-defined classes, boxed value types, and delegates.

CLS (Common Language Specification)-

This is a subset of the CTS which all .NET languages are expected to support. It was always a dream of Microsoft to unite all different languages in to one umbrella and CLS is one step towards that. Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but guidelines that language to follow so that it can communicate with other .NET languages in a seamless manner.

Base Class Library:

Collections of standard classes ( common classes) which we can use in .net supportive languages.

To be continued in next part of tutorial….

The great Indian nobel prize winner

2012-06-06T10:31:00.000+05:30

RABINDRANATH TAGORE (1913)

Nobel Prize for Literature

Popularly known as Gurudev, India's most famous writer and poet was awarded the Nobel Prize in recognition of his work Geetanjali, a collection of poems, in 1913. Tagore was also involved in teaching. In 1901 he founded the famous Santiniketan which later came to be known as Vishwabharati University. Rabindranath Tagore is also the author of India's National Anthem.

CHANDRASHEKAR VENKATA RAMAN (1930)

Nobel Prize for Physics

Born at Thiruvanaikkaval in Tamil Nadu, Raman studied at Presidency College, Madras. Later, he served as Professor of Physics at Calcutta University. C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize for an important research in the field of optics (light). Raman had found that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths-what is now popularly known as Raman Effect. His theory explains why the frequency of light passing through a transparent medium changes.

HARGOBIND KHORANA (1968)

The Nobel Prize for Medicine

Dr. Khorana was born in Raipur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He went abroad to get his doctorate in Chemistry and later settled there. It was his study of the human genetic code and the role it plays in protein synthesis that got him the Nobel Prize.

MOTHER TERESA (1979)

The Nobel Peace Prize

Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu at Skopje, now in Yugoslavia. She wanted to become a nun and joined the Irish order of the Sisters of Loretto (at Dublin) in 1928. It is as a nun that Agnes came Calcutta in 1929. Here she was extremely touched by the misery of the poor and the sick. She decided to dedicate her life to serving them. She then founded a group of similar minded people called the Missionaries of Charity and set up Nirmal Hriday a center where she took care of the dying, the lepers and other people who had been left alone on the streets of Calcutta to die. Today her group has centers all over the world.

SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKAR (1983)

The Nobel Prize for Physics

Dr S. Chandrashekar, is an Indian-born astrophysicist (a branch of astronomy or the study of space). After studying at the Presidency College in Madras, Dr. Chandrashekhar went to the United States for work and settled there. He has written many books on his field Astrophysics and Stellar Dynamics. He developed a theory on white dwarf stars forecasts the limit of mass that dwarf stars can have. This limit is known as the Chandrashekar Limit. His theory also explains the final stages of the evolution of stars.Dr. Chandrashekar is the nephew of another Nobel Prize winner Sir C.V. Raman.

AMARTYA SEN (1998)

Nobel Prize for Economics

Prof. Amartya Sen is the first Asian to win the Economics Nobel. He is one of the most respected economics thinker in the world. He is also an excellent teacher. He won the Nobel for his work in the area of economic theory. Some of his most important work is in the areas of poverty, democracy, development and social welfare.

Exam Stress on Students...!!!

2012-05-13T11:11:00.000+05:30

Dealing with Exam Stress

In todays world exams are an unfortunate necessity. There is a lot of pressure on people to succeed that exam stress is a big part of many peoples lives. While this article can't make the exams go away it will hopefully help you to deal with some of the stress that you might be feeling and that in turn will allow you to focus on your exams.

What is Exam Stress?

Stress is natural part of being human. It's your body responding to changes in the world around you. It changes how your body works and puts your mind into different moods. When you're getting stressed about an exam - it just means that you really care about the result you will get. That can be a good thing if it pushes you into working extra hard as you try to get a good result. But it can be bad if you get too worried and the effects of the stress stop you doing well. When exams get too much, the stress can show in your body.

How to spot if you're stressed

You could be showing signs of stress if you're:

feeling tired

ache all over

cry and feel sad

have panic attacks

have broken sleep

suffer from stomach upsets

have itchy skin rashes

more likely to get colds and 'flu

Reasons of mental stress

· Competition
This is important factor that can result in exam stress because during that period there is more competition amongst students. This might be because the results of exam will play important rule in acceptance for higher levels of education. Higher exam results can also ensure prolonging or getting new scholarship and other potential consequences of failing exam or achieving lower scores than other students can create exam stress.

· Negative Thinking

Be positive and avoid negative thinking.nNegative taughts that occur during exams are important factor that causes exam stress. You shouldn't think how difficult is the exam, how long is the study literature , how hard it is to acquire all the neccessary knowledge or how failure will result in less prosperous future. Start thinging on the positive side of the situation and evaluate what are the advantages of passing the exam not dissadvantages of failure. Only by positive thinking and focus on our goals we can reduce the pressure of exam stress and in some cases even prevent it from evolving.

· Lack of Self Confidence

This is probably one of the main factors that cause exam stress as well as other types of stress. It means that student dosen't percive his skills and capabilities good enough to be able to pass the exam. Low Self Confidence comes from the subjective belief of person about who they are, this belief is usually result of fear that student has about the inability of passing the exam because the lack of knowledge. Therefore it is important for student to get higer self confidence and become imune to this important cause of exam stress.

Developing a positive mindset

It's human nature to be negative sometimes, but developing a positive mental attitude will help you do your best.

Picture yourself getting a big fat A and visualize this over and over in vivid detail. If you maintain a positive, 'I can do it' attitude building up to your exams, your stress will be transformed into positive energy that can be harnessed to enhance your performance.

View the exam as a time-bound project of 90 days. Look forward to the fun and challenge in store on completion.

It’s only an exam! You’re not going to die. Your family will not get kidnapped and tortured if you fail. And there’s always the resit!

An exam is simply an opportunity to show what you know.

Exams are designed to HELP you, and provide your tutors/teachers with feedback so they can help you further.

You will be just the same person before and after the exam. Exams don’t measure anything really important about you.

You have had a number of successes already and have actually passed many exams - hold on to that. Focus on the positive aspects of the past rather than the negative ones, as this will spur you on to yet more successes.

Stopping negative thoughts

Use a mantra

Say some positive words to your self so that your mind can feel relax and concentrate on studies.

“When There Is A Faith There Is No Fear”

Focus

Looking out of the window, noticing the number of people with red hair, counting the number of desks in each row... all help to distract your attention from anxious thoughts and keep your mind busy. Mental games such as making words out of another word or title, using alphabetical lists etc are all good forms of distraction.

Self-talking Methodology

In exam anxiety or panic we often give ourselves negative messages, 'I can't do this' 'I'm going to fail' 'I'm useless'. Try to consciously replace these with positive, encouraging thoughts: 'This is just anxiety, it can't harm me', 'Relax, concentrate, it's going to be OK', 'I'm getting there, nearly over'.

How can family and friends do to help?

A student who is under stress needs to know that they have the support of family and friends. It's important that others should be sensitive to the extra strain they may be under, and allow them the space and time to study. Regular meals, appropriate opportunities for relaxation, and emotional support are all going to help. So is offering plenty of positive feedback, which can demonstrate your confidence in their abilities.

Friends and family should keep distractions to a minimum and do as much as possible to ease any additional pressures. They may find it difficult not to let their own frustrations and anxieties about the outcome influence their responses, especially if it's meant putting limits on their own activities. It isn't for long.

If it does look as if the stress is getting too much for the person taking the exams, encouraging them to seek appropriate help could be vital. It's important to reassure them that this is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Our Political Leaders Should be Educated...!!!

2012-04-27T15:14:00.000+05:30

The leaders of our countries can get their positions simply because they are good speakers. They may have been local organizers but be very articulate. Their character makes them popular, so they get selected to run for higher office.

Just because your family doctor is good, you wouldn't insist he do your brain surgery if he wasn't qualified. This should be the case with politicians.

Politicians, who seek higher office, should have to at least of completed certain courses. These courses could include ethics, World politics, national geography and perhaps military affairs. The only thing some politicians know about some of the areas they are to govern, is what they are told will attract votes, when they go there for their first time, for the interest in their campaign. They are often too involved in local affairs to notice what is going on else where in the world.

Politics is probably one of the only professions, where you can continue getting promotions without doing further studies. They would probably tell you they are far too busy to take time to study. Tell that to the medical interns, who have to make the time if they want to progress

Is Democracy, Hypocrisy?

Democracy is supposed to be, what the majority want, however is this really the case. This is not aimed at any one particular country, as we find similar statistics around the world.

What is the minimum education level a political leader must have?

In this period of globalization if we want a leader who can understand the Indian culture, value and needs of the Indian people and one who can also represent the country effectively at international level we need a leader who understands political science, time management, global market rules. so that progress can be achieved without compromising Indian values and lifestyle. We need a person who can communicate with national and international level with the same effectiveness. It is difficult to put it in 'One' degree but a college degree would be nicer than school dropouts.

top 10 corruptions of INDIA

2012-04-08T01:07:00.000+05:30

The word scam and corruption have become synonymous with the campaign that Anna Hazare, along with his supporters, has undertaken.

These two words are, almost entirely, responsible for the political and social state that our country is in today. The entire nation suffered economically and faced humiliation because of the greed of a few individuals.

1. Indian Black Money Scam

Cost: Rs. 7,280,000 Crores

Face of the Scam: Hassan Ali Khan

This scam can be said to be the almost immediate cause of the anti-corruption movement being faced by the country. The revelation about the huge sums of money being stashed away in Swiss banks served as an impetus to rally against the government that had been ignoring it. The magnanimity of the situation came into focus when Indian businessman was arrested on money laundering charges which was to the tune of Rs. 39,120 crores.

2. CWG Scam

Cost: Rs. 70,000 crores

Face of the Scam: Suresh Kalmadi

The Commonwealth Games held in India was an even that was soaked in controversies and corruption to say the least. While the organizing committee drew flak for various allegations like child labour, sex slavery, environmental impact, racism and financial costs, the one that shocked the nation was the humungous amount of funds that had been mishandled by them. The chairman of the organizing committee was, resultantly, arrested on charges of 'criminal conspiracy and cheating.'

3. 2G Spectrum Scam

Cost: Rs 176,000 crore

Face of the Scam: A. Raja & M. K. Kanimozhi

The 2G scam is one of the latest scams that have hit our country driving it to incur huge losses. And caught at the centre of the embarrassing controversy was the Telecom Minister, A. Raja himself. The scam became bigger with new revelations of the involvement of politicians, bureaucrats, corporate personalities, media persons and lobbyists. The granting of licenses to various companies led to a massive loss to the exchequer. Also, daughter of political heavyweight, M. Karunanidhi, M. Kanimozhi was also arrested on charges of being a co-conspirator in the scandal.

4. Scorpene Submarine Scam

Cost: Rs 18,978 crores

Face of the Scam: Ravi Shankaran

The Scorpene submarines scam was one of the biggest corruption scandals faced by the country and including the navy. In the scandal, secret Navy documents were sold to the makers of the Scorpene submarine. The Indian government had approved the 19,000 crore submarine deal with the French company. The purchase of six Scorpene submarines cost the Indian government a lot more than its actual price.

5. Stamp Paper Scam

Cost: Rs 20,000 crores

Face of the Scam: Abdul Karim Telgi

The Stamp Paper scam was perhaps the most innovative scam in the list. Abdul Karim Telgi, a former fruits and vegetables seller, duped the nation of crores of rupees by printing fake stamp papers. He began his counterfeit career by making fake passports after which he started selling fake stamp papers to banks, insurance companies, share broking firms and bulk purchases. What was surprising, was the involvement of many police officers and other government employees. In fact, one police officer was said to have assets worth Rs. 100 crores despite earning only Rs. 9000 a month.

6. Bofors Scam

Cost: Rs. 400 million

Face of the Scam: Ottavio Quattrocchi

The Bofors scandal that hit the country was a major corruption scandal which changed the fate of the, then ruling, Congress party. Top politicians like Rajiv Gandhi and S.K. Bhatnagar and high profile names like Win Chadha and the Hinduja family were accused of "receiving kickbacks from Bofors AB for winning a bid to supply India's 155 mm field howitzer." The scale of the corruption was such that it immediately led to the defeat of the government headed by Rajiv Gandhi. Italian businessman Ottavio Quattrocchi, was the prime accused in the scandal and was chased by the CBI for years.

7. Mining Scam

Cost: Rs. 300,000 crores

Face of the Scam: Naveen Patnaik government

This scam was plundering at its best with the Naveen Patnaik led government exploiting the state's minerals to the tune of lakhs of crores of rupees. Apparently, the mine owners had been illegally using fake Transit Passes to transport minerals from Orissa to other states. The plundering was a large scale one and involved many high profile people from the government and bureaucracy.

8. Fodder Scam

Cost: Rs. 950 crores

Face of the Scam: Lalu Prasad Yadav

Bihar's most famous scam was the one involving fodder and ex- Chief Minister Lalu Prasad Yadav. The officials of the Bihar state government embezzled funds worth Rs. 950 crores by fabricating vast herds of fictitious livestock for which fodder, medicines and animal husbandry equipment were acquired. Soon, Lalu resigned from the post following immense pressure from all quarters owing to his close involvement in the case.

9. Hawala Scam

Cost: US$ 18 billion

Face of the Scam: L.K Advani/ Late Narasimha Rao

Hawala scam was probably the first scam that gave the public an idea of the the loot of national treasure that was being implemented by the top politicians. The scam revolved around the payments that the politicians received from hawala brokers, who basically fund terrorism around the globe. Many prominent politicians like LK Advani, Arjun Singh, Yashwant Sinha, Kalpnath Roy, VC Shukla, Madhavrao Scindia, Sharad Yadav, Buta Singh, Natwar Singh and Madan Lal Khurana were indicted in this case, but no action was taken against them due to lack of hardcore evidence.

10. Satyam Scam

Cost: Rs. 14,000 crores

Face of the Scam: B. Ramalinga Raju

The Satyam Scam was the biggest corporate scam that the country ever saw. The founder of the Satyam Group, Raju, resigned after he admitted to fudging the account books for years and falsely inflating the profit figures and revenues of Satyam for years. The credibility of the company fell hugely, owing to the scam and it was finally taken over by the Mahindra Group.

THIS ALL INFORMATION IS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT LINKS...!!!

Top 10 social networking websites...;-)

2012-04-06T11:43:00.000+05:30

Here's the worlds top10 social networking websites....!!!

Facebook (World website Rank: 2 | Social Networking Rank: 1)

Facebook is a social network service

and website launched in February 2004 that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. As of July 2010
Facebook has more than 500 million active users.
Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg
with his college roommates and fellow computer science students

Twitter (World website Rank: 9 | Social Networking Rank: 2)

Twitter is a website, owned and operated by Twitter Inc., which offers a social networking and microblogging service, enabling its users to send and read other users’ messages called tweets. Tweets are text-based posts of up to 140 characters displayed on the user’s profile page.

LinkedIn (World website Rank: 22 | Social Networking Rank: 3)

LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site. Founded in December 2002 and launched in May 2003, it is mainly used for professional networking. As of 2 November 2010 (2010 -11-02), LinkedIn had more than 80 million registered users, spanning more than 200 countries and territories worldwide

MySpace (World website Rank: 37 | Social Networking Rank: 4)

MySpace is a social networking website. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California. Myspace became the most popular social networking site in the United States in June 2006. According to comScore, Myspace was overtaken internationally by its main competitor, Facebook, in April 2008. Myspace employs 1,000 employees, after laying off 30 percent of its workforce in June 2009

Digg (World website Rank: 122 | Social Networking Rank: 5)

Digg is a social news website. Formerly, the site’s cornerstone function consisted of letting people vote stories up or down, called digging and burying, respectively, but as of Digg v4, the “bury” function has been removed. Digg’s popularity has prompted the creation of other social networking sites with story submission and voting systems. The website traffic ranked 122nd by Alexa.com as of November 13, 2010. Quantcast estimates Digg’s monthly U.S. unique visits at 15.1 million

Orkut (World website Rank: 86 | Social Networking Rank: 6)

Orkut is a social networking website that is owned and operated by Google Inc. The service is designed to help users meet new friends and maintain existing relationships. The website is named after its creator, Google employee Orkut Büyükkökten. Although Orkut is less popular in the United States than competitors Facebook and MySpace, it is one of the most visited websites in India and Brazil.

Hi5 (World website Rank: 135 | Social Networking Rank: 7)

Hi5 is a social networking website. The company was founded in 2003 by Ramu Yalamanchi. Quantcast reports Hi5 has 2.7 million monthly US visitors and 46.1 million global visitors

Badoo (World website Rank: 137 | Social Networking Rank: 8

Badoo is a multi-lingual social networking website, managed out of a London headquarters, but owned by a company in Cyprus. The site allows users to create profiles, send each other messages, and rate each other’s profile pictures at no cost, but charges fees for features which are designed to make the user’s profile more visible to other users, thereby increasing the opportunities to attract attention. Charging for these enhanced visibility features is the site’s primary business model.

Badoo includes a geographic proximity feature, which identifies users’ locations based on analysis of their network connection. This lets users know if there are people near to their current location who may wish to meet.

StumbleUpon (World website Rank: 159 | Social Networking Rank: 9)

StumbleUpon is a discovery engine (a form of web search engine) that finds the best of the web, recommended to each unique user. It allows its users to discover and rate Web pages, photos, and videos that are personalized to their tastes and interests using peer-sourcing and social-networking principles.

Ning (World website Rank: 159 | Social Networking Rank: 10)

Ning competes with social sites like MySpace, Facebook and BigTent by appealing to people who want to create their own social networks around specific interests with their own visual design, choice of features and member data. The central feature of Ning is that anyone can create their own social network for a particular topic or need, catering to specific membership bases.

At its launch, Ning was a free-form platform for the development and hosting of open-source “social applications.” The source code for Ning applications was available to users, and the service made it easy for anyone to fork a Ning application, modify its PHP code and run it as their own. Applications included photo albums, blogging software, and many for sharing business reviews. In late September 2006, Ning narrowed its focus to offering a group website, a photos website, and a videos website for people to copy and use for any purpose.