Tech Knowledge

IP Address Classes and Definition Explained In Detail

2020-07-14T20:22:00.001+05:30

IP Address Classes and Definition Explained

This tutorial explains what IP address is, IP address format, types of IP address, IP address classes, subnet mask, private IP addresses and public IP addresses in detail with examples. Learn how IP address works and why an interface needs a unique IP address along with how to find the class of an IP address.

What is IP address?

An IP address is a numeric identity of an interface. Just like a postal address provides a unique identity to a house, an IP address provides a unique identity to an interface.

Why an interface needs unique IP address?

IP network uses IP address to find the destination interface and delivers the IP packets. In order to receive IP packets, an interface needs a unique IP address. If multiple interfaces have same IP address, IP network will not work.

Let’s understand it with an example. In a city all houses have same house number, suppose 195. If there is mail for house number 195, how mailman will delivery that mail? To deliver the mail at correct house, postal system needs unique address of that house. Exactly same way, to deliver an IP packet at correct interface, IP network needs a unique IP address of that interface.

How IP address works?

IP address works in IP network just like a postal address works in postal system. A postal address is the combination of two addresses, area address and house address. Area address is the group address of all houses which belong to a particular area and house address is the unique address of a specific house in that area. Each area is represented by a unique PIN code number in postal system.

PIN code helps in fast processing of mail. In a central post office where thousands or in some case millions of mail are received, forwarded and delivered daily, processing mail based on complete address is next to impossible. In a busy post office the clerk doesn’t read the complete address of a package to make his decision, he only pays attention on the PIN code. He reads the PIN code and drops the package in the container which will be forwarded to the nearest post office of the area which PIN code represents. Same process is used at next post office and so on and so on until the package reaches at the post office which delivers packages in destination area. At last post office, recipient’s house address is used to deliver the package.

Exact mechanism is used in IP network. An IP address is the combination of two addresses, network address and host address. Network address is the group address of all hosts which belong to a particular network and host address is the unique address of a specific host in that network.

Just like PIN code, network address helps in fast processing of the IP packets. In IP network, routers do exactly what post offices do in postal system. Routers use network address to find the destination network and host address to deliver the packets.

IP address format

An IP address is 32 bits in length. These bits are divided in four parts. Each part is known as octets and contains and 8 bits.

An IP address can be written in three notations; dotted-decimal, binary and hexadecimal. Among these types, dotted-decimal is the most popular and frequently used method for writing an IP address.

In dotted-decimal notation, each byte (8 bits) of the 32 bits IP address is written in decimal equivalent. The four resulting decimal numbers are separated by a dot and written in a sequence. 10.10.10.10, 172.168.10.1, 192.168.1.1 and 200.0.0.1 are some examples of IP address in dotted-decimal notation.

Subnet Mask

Subnet mask is used to separate the network address from the host address in IP address. As we discussed earlier an IP address is the combination of network address and host address, subnet mask helps us and programs which use IP address in identifying the network portion and the host portion.

Just like IP address, subnet mask is also 32 bits in length and uses same notations which IP address uses to present itself.

Subnet mask assigns an individual bit for each bit of IP address. If IP bit belongs to network portion, assigned subnet mask bit will be turned on. If IP bit belongs to host portion, assigned subnet mask bit will be turned off.

In binary notation, 1 (one) represents a turned on bit while 0 (zero) represents a turned off bit. In dotted-decimal notation, a value range 1 to 255 represents a turned on bit while a value 0 (zero) represents a turned off bit.

An IP address is always used with subnet mask. Without subnet mask, an IP address is an ambiguous address in IP network.

IP address classes

There are 4,294,967,296 IP addresses. Managing all these addresses without any scheme are next to impossible. Let’s understand it with a simple example. If you have to find out a word from a language dictionary, how long will you take? Usually you will take less than five minutes to find out that word. You are able to do this because words in dictionary are organized in alphabetic order. If you have to find out the same word from the dictionary which does not use any sequence or order to organize the words, how long will you take this time? It may take up to one week to find out that specific word from all words. If an unorganized dictionary which roughly contains 1 billion words can turn a five minutes task in a one week task than suppose how nearly 4.3 billion addresses will make a search task complicated if they are unorganized.

For easier management, IP addresses are organized in numeric order and divided in following five classes.

Class	Starting Address	Ending Address	Subnet mask
A	0.0.0.0	127.255.255.255	255.0.0.0
B	128.0.0.0	191.255.255.255	255.255.0.0
C	192.0.0.0	223.255.255.255	255.255.255.0
D	224.0.0.0	239.255.255.255	255.255.255.255
E	240.0.0.0	255.255.255.255	255.255.255.255

As we discussed earlier, an IP address is the combination of network address and host address. In each IP address, few bits are reserved for network address. In class A, B and C first 8, 16 and 24 bits are reserved respectively for network addresses.

How to find the class of an IP address?

To find the class of an IP address, simply pay attention on the first octet.

If the value of first octet is in range 1 to 127, it’s a class A IP address. Examples of class A IP address are: - 1.2.3.4, 10.20.30.45, 125.234.123.23, 126.100.200.45, etc.

If the value of first octet is in range 128 to 191, it’s a class B IP address. Examples of class B IP address are: - 128.200.100.50, 191.200.100.1, 172.168.0.1, 175.45.48.14, etc.

If the value of first octet is in range 192 to 223, it’s a class C IP address. Examples of class C IP address are: - 192.168.1.1, 200.0.0.1, 223.224.127.1, 212.14.15.56, etc.

Private IP address and Public IP address

Based on accessibility, IP addresses are mainly divided in two categories; private IP addresses and public IP addresses. Differences between private IP addresses and public IP addresses are following.

Private IP addresses

Private IP addresses are the IP addresses which are reserved for local networks and cannot be accessed from a public network such as Internet. Vice versa a public network cannot be accessed from a private IP address.

Following IP ranges are reserved for private IP addresses.

10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Public IP addresses

Public IP addresses are the IP addresses which are publicly accessible from any public network such as Internet. In order to access a public IP address, we must have to use a public IP address.

Except private IP addresses, all IP addresses of class A, B and C are public IP addresses.

Special IP addresses

Special IP addresses are the IP addresses which are reserved for network testing and troubleshooting. These IP addresses cannot be assigned to an end device or an interface. Following addresses are reserved for special purpose: -

0.0.0.0:- This is the first IP address of IP addresses. It represents all networks.

127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255: - Reserved for IP protocol testing and troubleshooting. Virtual interfaces such as loopback adaptor use this IP range for addressing.

224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 (Class D): - Reserved for multicast addresses. A multicast address is an address which has multiple recipients.

240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 (Class E): - Reserved for future use. These addresses are not used currently for any purpose.

255.255.255.255:- This is the last IP address of IP addresses. It represents all hosts.

That’s all for this tutorial. If you have any comment, suggestion or feedback about this tutorial, please mail me. If you like this tutorial, please don’t forget to share it with your friends through your favorite social platform.

20+ Google Tips and Tricks You Must Know in 2020

2020-06-30T18:33:00.032+05:30

20+ Google Tips and Tricks You Must Know in 2020

Are you feeling bored! Want to try something new. Here are 20+ amazing tips you are going to love this Google tricks to use in everyday life makes better.

Google is the most and the world’s largest search engine. About millions of searches are performed on Google every day, but there are some fun searches you can perform on Google that have some unexpected results. Google is full of hidden things unexplored until you search in different way.

1. Download movie for free

Everyone loves to watch movie. Simple trick to get the link of the movie you want to download just click “movie name Google drive or index of movie name” ex. “Parasite Google drive or index of Parasite” and here you go, watch your favorite movie now.

2. Get the flight live status

This Google trick is of great use when you are to check flight time. By this Google trick you can get exact departure and arrival. You can type the flight no in the Google search bar like to get the information of the flight.

3. Google underwater

You will have fun with this trick to do this go to the Google bar and type “ Google underwater”
and you will reach underwater and then type “ I’m feeling lucky” and search. The pond will be
filled by fishes. I hope you like this trick show your friends this trick and let them try too.

4.What is my IP address

With this Google fun trick, you can know your IP address . To know your IP address you have to
search “What is my IP" and you will see your IP address in the form of digits and alphabets as
shown in the image above. We have removed some part of the the IP address in the image above due to some security reasons but if you will try this trick on your device you get the complete IP address.

5. I'm Feeling Curious

If you are feeling curious and want to know about everything or want to take a quiz then you can search for “I'm feeling curious" on Google to start a quiz. The question that Google will keep in front of you will we select from a quality website like Wikipedia, YouTube, Infoplease.com, and many more websites. Google will also tell you the correct answer will full explanation

6. Calculator

You can use Google for doing math calculations. For example, you can type 7*5*10 the Google
search bar to get the correct answer for this i.e. 45

7. Find my device

If you have lost your phone or want to see the exact location of your device just click “Find my
device” on Google bar you will get the exact location of your device. This will help you to find your device Find your phone and get the current location. This is one of the fun trick u can try.

8. Search for Images

You can search for any terms on google and get the relative and best result, but do you know that google fun tricks can also search for images, but do you know you can use Google image search to search any image on the internet. You can use this Google trick when you want to get information

about any image.

To use this feature - go to Google images and then click on the camera icon to upload your photo and then click on the search. You will get similar images that you had uploaded Google images. Check out the article on the best websites to download images for free.

9. Mirror Search

A rotated version of Google.com, kind of google tricks. Go to the search bar and type “ Google mirror” and you will find a rotated version of Google to elgoog.

10. Wizard of OZ

This is one of the best Google fun tricks you can do. You have to search for the "Wizard of OZ"
and then click on the red slippers.This will make Google do a barrel roll and it will go to turn black and white. After this, the red slippers will convert into the tornado and if you will again click on the tornado, a house will come out from the tornado and the Google search results will return to its original
conditions.

11. Written words

Do you take a lot of time to just convert figures into word or you waste your precious time opening calculator and then finding it. Here is the simple way how you can use large number into written words. Go to the search bar and type the “number=english” ex “3444255252=English” isn’t it so simple within seconds you got the written words without struggling.

12. Pac man doodle

This is an amazing game that will start when u search “PAC-MAN Doodle” on Google search bar. To play this game u have to search for this term and then click play, after this the game will start.

13. Google guitar

Want to play guitar with google and enjoy here we go type “Google guitar” and start. The Google guitar can play 10 notes, starting with a low G and climbing up to a high B. To play, either strum over the doodle with your mouse or use the keyboard icon to play using, you guessed it, the keyboard. And its corresponding numerical key, starting at the low G string: 1 = G

14. Roll a dice

To roll a dice on the google search results you have to search for “Roll a Dice ". By this google

fun tricks, you can play games without having any actual Dice. You can use this trick whenyou require dice and you are unable to find it.

15. Search For A Specific File Type

You can use this Google trick to find the file on the web exactly in the same file format that you
want as some tie we want to get theinformation in the form of .pdf, .mp3 or any other file types. With this Google search trick you can easily find the file format you are searching for by adding

file type File format just after the main keywords.

16. File type Converter

You can use Google to convert any file type from .pdf to .word/.xls/.doc or vice versa. To do this click “PDF to word online converter” in Google search bar then just drop your file which u want to convert and download it.

17. Weather

Check the current weather and upcoming forecast for your location. Just type “weather”and you will get to see the details. Weather automatically locates and display your current forecast, hourly and 7 day forecast.

18. Search event

This Google trick is of great use when you search for an event such as “Diwali 2020” and

you will get the detail of event you wanted to know without wasting anytime.

19. Flip a coin

Do not have a coin to flip, ask Google to do it for you. You can search “flip a coin " to make

flip coin by google. Try this google fun google fun tricks yourself and tell us - "What result, you get?" in the comments.

20. Google in 1998

Google home pages were not always the same as it looks today, Google's home pages are made simpler and clean as compared to the home page of google in 1998. You can see how Google looked in 1998 by searching. You can use a fun website called the Way back Machine to see the older version and the whole history of any website, you have to just enter the URL of the website. Tell us which version of Google you liked

21. Tic Tac Toe

You can search for "Tic Tac Toe" on Google to play the game on Google. You can try this Google

trick to play this game with your friends.

22. Play snake

Search for "play Snake" on Google and then click on the play to start the snake game. We are sure you must have played this game on your phone one now you can play on Google

23. Earth day Quiz

You can search for an "Earth Day“ to start a quite with some interesting questions related to you and after you will answer them all, Google will show you the animal that is similar to you characteristics like HoneyBAzer, Honey Bee, or a mantis shrimp.

There are amazing Google trick you can perform at any time. Now you know the Google. trick hope you share this with your friends and family