Russel Royette Ramiro

Seat Sale Alert!

2011-02-20T20:34:00.000-08:00

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What website do you spend the most time on?

2011-01-26T03:03:00.003-08:00

facebook.com :)

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here..

Would you rather get up early or sleep late?

2011-01-26T03:03:00.001-08:00

sleep late

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here..

Would you rather be a famous musician or a famous actor?

2011-01-26T03:02:00.001-08:00

both :)) lol

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here..

what is your favorite perfume?

2011-01-25T06:20:00.001-08:00

Imperial Majesty by Clive Christian signature scent :))

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here..

If you could master one skill what would it be?

2010-11-23T20:43:00.001-08:00

If you could master one skill what would it be?

Answer here

formspring.me

2010-11-23T20:36:00.001-08:00

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here.. http://formspring.me/russelramiro

Can't touch this! :)

2010-11-01T07:16:00.001-07:00

You're not looking for no strings, Im not looking for a ring, so if you ready for this fling meet me in the back; I never knew it'd be like this, such an unexpected twist, started off with just a kiss, I don't know how to act. ;)

Strengthen and Reform Sangguniang Kabataan

2010-10-16T07:38:00.000-07:00

The creation of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK), through the Local Government Code of 1991, was meant to empower the country’s youth by giving them a direct hand in governance and decision-making in the barangay level. By providing for the mandatory allocation of barangay funds for SK-led projects and programs promoting awareness, education and action among the youth, the Code sought to ensure that the needs of young barangay constituents are serviced by their peers. To do this effectively, the Code upholds the principle of democratic representation by instituting mechanisms for the youth to annually elect their representatives to the Sangguniang Barangay.

Unfortunately, since this supposedly progressive measure was put into place, the SK as an institution has been mired with allegations of corruption and inefficient governance. Allegations range from vote-buying, gathering kickbacks from SK-initiated projects and programs, and colluding with higher barangay officials to secure their vested interests. Consequently, legislative measures have repeatedly been proposed to abolish the SK to address such allegations.

Yet it is believed that the institution as a whole should not suffer from the practices of an erring few – if indeed the few are solely culpable for such crimes related to governance. In most barangays, the SK still stands as a representative body of the youth, advancing meaningful youth participation, promoting access to education and youth employment, and struggling for the delivery of basic social services for the youth sector. If anything, what the SK needs from the legislative is not a proposal to abolish it but a proposal to strengthen it through concrete and specific reforms that directly and unequivocally tighten the loopholes in existing laws.

As such, after due consultation with the SK National Executive Board and various SK officials around the country, there's a bill created, House Bill no. 1963 respectively. Among its important aims are: to institute a uniform procedure for releasing and reviewing SK budgets, to empower the Katipunan ng Kabataan as the basic unit and consultative body of the SK, to more clearly define the procedures for succession and filling of vacancies, and to regularize training seminars for SK members. Essentially, these proposed reforms intend to return the faith of people, most especially the youth, in the SK as a genuinely representative local government unit that strives at all times to advance the rights and welfare of the Filipino youth and, concomitantly, to empower duly-elected SK officials as persons in authority to more efficiently carry out their duties and responsibilities.

In light of the foregoing, the urgent passage of this bill is earnestly sought.

As time goes on ...

2010-10-12T07:42:00.000-07:00

As we grow up, we learn that even the one person that wasn't supposed to ever let you down, probably will. You will have your heart broken probably more than once and it's harder every time. You'll break hearts too, so remember how it felt when yours was broken. You'll fight with your best friend. You'll blame a new love for things an old one did. You'll cry because time is passing too fast, and you'll eventually lose someone you love. People always say to follow your heart but what they don't tell you.. Is that, just because you follow your heart, it doesn't mean there'll be a happy ending.

Do you ever just get that feeling where you don't want to talk to anybody? You don't want to smile, and you don't want to fake being happy. But at the same time, you don't know exactly what is wrong either. There isn't a way to explain it to someone who doesn't already understand. If you could want anything in the world it would be to be alone. People have stopped being comforting...and it seems as though they're just asking because they feel obligated to do so. At least when you're alone no one constantly asks you what is wrong and there isn't anyone who wont take i don't know' for an answer. You feel the way you do just BECAUSE. You hope the feeling will pass soon and that you will be able to be yourself again, but until then all you can do is wait..Have you ever been in love? Horrible, isn't it? It makes you so vulnerable. It opens your chest and it opens your heart and it means someone can get inside you and mess you up. You build up all these defenses. You build up this whole armor, for years, so nothing can hurt you, then one stupid person, no different from any other stupid person, wanders into your stupid life...You give them a piece of you. They don't ask for it. They do something dumb one day like kiss you, or smile at you, and then your life isn't your own anymore. Love takes hostages. It gets inside you. It eats you out and leaves you crying in the darkness, so a simple phrase like 'maybe we should just be friends' or 'how very perceptive' turns into a glass splinter working its way into your heart. It hurts. Not just in the imagination. Not just in the mind. It's a soul-hurt, a body-hurt, a real gets-inside-you-and-rips-you-apart pain. I hate love :'(

love lots,

russel r.

Sigwa - The Capitalist Pig

2010-10-03T16:50:00.002-07:00

Sigwa - The Capitalist Pi

out of 10

Sigwa is a film made to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the 1st quarter storm, a particularly tumultuous period of 3 months in our nation's history just before herr Marcos declared martial law. Unlike most communist anniversaries, this is an event that commemorates a bloody revolutionary event where they lost. This film is no communist victory however. This film is a story about the relationship of a group of friends as they happen from two initial snapshots, one taken in 1970 and another in 2009 and what happens after those snapshots are taken.
While the historical recollection of the 1st Quarter Storm is "mga taga UP yan", to either correct or artificially diversify that assumption, the only school mentioned by one of the students as their school of origin is what would eventually become PUP. Sigwa not only diverts origins from UP, it waters down it's labels as it refers to communism as the revolution or activism - which dangerously relates any activism and revolution to communism. The students are now known as activists only. NPA rebels are never called NPA rebels and are never even called rebels. They are armed fighters and are openly thanked by the poor for getting that landlord off their backs so they can remain poor in peace.
This isn't a film that tries to glamorize being a communist or an NPA as it never shows that the communists or rebels have ever alleviated poverty or that they even can. Sigwa shows that it only causes misery for it's practitioners and participants in one way or another. Neither does it paint the military as evil and they aren't even called the military when in civilian clothes, they are simply the government and are largely faceless here. The one face of evil that is revealed is Marcos and to balance that, it also shows images of Ninoy Aquino as a nod to historical murmurs that he was the head of the communist party of The Philippines. Heavy handed imagery would be too great a burden for an audience that disagrees with it so the filmmakers wisely kept most of it out. It remains the story of old friends.

Old Warhorses
The cast is made up of two groups of actors. One representing the present tho' displaced by a year in order to put it in the regime of Gloria "Ferdinand" Arroyo and her husband Mike "Imelda" Arroyo. Dawn Zulueta plays the Fil-Am named Dolly who was born and raised in the Western Empire of The United States. If in the past she was finding herself, today she is looking for a part of herself she left behind. Dolly is our initial eyes and ears to the group of friends and to the eras they are in but Dawn plays her a bit more as a socialite displaced than a foreigner. The counterpart of Dolly is Cita. If Dolly was the intellectual, Cita is the fighter but not a fighter born.
Cita was an intellectual as well and previously opposed action but events conspire to change her mind. Zsa Zsa Padilla plays the elder Cita as the warrioress with little to no sign of the younger version as her transformation is now complete and even if both Dawn and she play very different characters, they aren't played as opposites because there is a third woman who dilutes the polarization. She is Azon who is played by Gina Alajar. The one who would be a fighter but became something else. Gina Alajar had the task of being an actor playing a person who was also acting all her multiple facets to different people without behaving as if she was lying. The trio of older women are played by mainstream actors here and I was waiting for one of them to stumble but no such thing happened. They did really well, particularly Zsa-Zsa Padilla.
The older male warhorses are represented by two men, one of which is a long-missed name in the mainstream. Tirso Cruz III (sans Nora, sadly) plays Oliver, the ex-boyfriend of Cita and was in fact the man who wished for action as opposed to Cita's initial opposition to it. Tirso Cruz II plays an accurate caricature of several different people put together. What he says the first time he speaks tells you all you need to know about who he has become. There is a bit of deadpan and stiffness to the portrayal but it actualy serves the character well so it may've been intended. It makes the character all the more deceitful. Rounding out the cast of the oldies is the second of the two older males in Jim Pebanco as Rading, the first of the old friends that Dolly meets upon her return. He has that thespian air about him and of a character actor as we like to call them. He isn't a famous mainstream actor at all so his portrayal seems the most believable because there is no actor who has to disappear. You might even think he was an actual activist who wound up an actor.
The grizzled old veterans are played first as old friends meeting each other again after a zillion years but soon enough all the old wounds are reopened, one scab at a time. Things don't change, they just get more serious. The massive ensemble cast were all placed in a story-driven film so there is little room for spectacular performance, tho' a couple manage to do so. They were all believable enough. The older cast however lose out to the youngsters since as older characters, they have lost the exuberance of their youth. With the exception of Zsa-Zsa Padilla's grimly determined elder Cita which is the standout among the elder cast, the actors have to play slower, less vibrant characters. The young'uns in the 1970's are much more lively as this is where the action really happens. It's where all these old wounds were freshly cut.
Brats from The Past
Once again our first eyes and ears into this older world is Dolly, this time played by Megan Young. Her younger Dolly is also portrayed more as a socialite who got lost rather than a foreigner. She has a love interest here named Eddie played by Allen Dizon who shows none of his origins as a star of gay porn - oops, i mean gay art films. The two of them play their love story with very little affection. The impression is of unrequited interest yet somehow they wind up together. Much like Mao's New Democracy, this then is New Love - one without any. The significance to the story of Eddie however is more than just the lover of Dolly. He is pivotal to a great many things and Allen Dizon doesn't play him over the top even if there is so much temptation to do so. In every other area of the character, he is fine. It's jsut that one thing as Dolly's lover that he falls a bit short. Props to Mon Confiado as well because he brings out a very nice badly hidden reaction from Eddie.
The coupling that is far more believable is the one between the young Cita as played by Pauleen Luna and the young Oliver as played by Marvin Agustin. This one was perhaps more believable because these two were in fact a couple in real life and it only took a bit of recall for the roles. They are a couple in love but not outright loving. Their spats are even given political taint as they compare it to the old Rizal vs Bonifacio argument - that of brains vs brawn. Then right after arguing, they exchange gifts and snog. Awesome. These two characters undergo the greatest change and these two actors show you just how they changed. It doesn't come as an evolution of their points of view. It comes harshly and brutally and the two actors sell it well. Marvin Agustin in particular is a major standout in the younger cast if not the entire cast itself. His Oliver is the loudest voice and the most advocative of direct action and militancy at the beginning.
The younger Azon is played by Lovi Poe and she seems to have a problem making her voice and her character heard. I honestly cannot remember what her role was about other than to say there was a younger version of the much older Azon we meet later on and this is what happened to her. The same can be said of the role of young Rading played by Jay Aquitania. In the parlance of the socialist, young Azon and young Rading only have utility value but no predetermined exchange value. The laborers who produce young Azon and Rading are therefore left uncompensated by the audience proletariat.

The Politburo and the Premier
Joel Lamangan directs a story here. He resorts to neither gimmickry nor novelty and our focus is always upon the characters of that story. He is therefore transparent and we never look at any signatures or trademarks that would draw attention to himself because that would take it away from those characters. The ending however goes on a bit and loses some cohesion. It doesn't detract from the whole and if you stood up the first time the screen went blank, you would miss very little. There are also many major events in between 1970 and 2009 that he never mentions or acknowledges and it looks like it was a good decision. The addition of those events would've made it a more politically charged film and remove the very human faces of the friends who participated in the events of 1970.
The film's story as written by Bonifacio Ilagan is never evangelical and avoids becoming preachy in almost all parts except one where Sigwa has to admit the flaws of the ideology. The truths of today's communism are undeniable but since it would reveal the ideology as ineffective in practice, it has to be said by the slimiest character in the entire film. The counter to it comes when it claims that whatever revolution happens in The Philippines will be because of what happens in The Philippines and not because of communism's failings elsewhere. This make about as much sense as claiming that the results of a person jumping off a tall building elsewhere will be different if done here because if someone convices us to jump off a tall building here, we'll do it differently like perhaps do a flip. It was a huge huge reach by the scriptwriter and it failed - tho i suspect the faithful at it's screening would agree with it anyway. That description of them as the 'faithful' resembles a religion intentionally.
In that one conversation we see what the survivors of the First Quarter Storm and in fact the other communists have become. The revolution to them has stopped being an ideology and instead become their religion and they act upon it more with faith and one in fact has become a violent zealot. They spout communist dogma with the same fervor as a Christian would quote the bible. In that scene where slimy makes the claim that progress abounds and that communism is failing elsewhere, it is not the claim of progress everywhere that is taken to task when most of them live where progress is a joke, it is the affront to their New Faith that they simply must address. This is where the story of friendship takes on greater importance than any isms from marx, mao, lenin or whoever else. In the end, the friends of this one cause no matter what it was found each other and stuck with each other regardless of their differences - most of them anyways - and this is their story. If it wasn't this cause that brought them together, it would've been something else and it wouldn't matter whether we agreed with it or not. it was simply their story.
Two lesser flaws are the makeup and the accents. Gina Alajar's makeup in her closeup was meant to make her look sickly but the higher resolution of HD revealed that it just looked like caked makeup. The other complaint is the accents. Both Megan Young and Dawn Zulueta make the attempt to sound American but don't quite get there. Dawn sounded more like she was a Spanish landowner and Megan was occasionally good but occasionally grating - referring to an autopsy as an eh-topsy among others. A simple reset of the suspension of disbelief button fixes this however and even if they are the most prominent actors here, the flaws aren't ruinous. More important however is the lack of diversity in the Filipino accents. One step out of the capital and the Filipino accent changes but all the NPA sound like they all came from Manila. No other province is represented. Lastly, and this isn't a flaw - none of them look like the 60-ish age they should be but nobody cared.
The High Revolutionary
Regardless of it's dictionary definition, propaganda in practice is a work that promotes the ideals of one point of view that you disagree with. If it promotes one that you agree with, then you call it a truthful and honest work instead. I disagree with communism but I don't see this film as propaganda at all. I dunno about truthful, but it was an honest film. A very important dedication is made by Joel Lamangan before the premiere of this film at the CCP. He dedicated the film to the survivors of the first quarter storm, not to something else. The movie is about the people involved and that's what this film was always about and it's the very human faces of the people involved that you see.
Perhaps a complaint could be made that there is no adequate representation of those who don't believe in communism as the only use for characters like that in Sigwa is to be killed. It's because the movie isn't about them at all and it's the same as why there aren't accurate depictions of Muslims in a Christian film other than to be converted. It would only be a complaint if Sigwa delved deeper into the political instead of the narrative and the film steers clear of that and stays on the road it's story tells.
I don't know what Joel Lamangan's motivations were for not going outright left here - personal safety, wider acceptance or whatever else - but I like that he did. The entirety of it's political overtones served merely as a backdrop. As a film about old friends and what's happened to them in the years since they were separated, it succeeds above and beyond the call of duty.

A Glimpse at the Face of Child Labor in the Philippines

2010-10-03T16:50:00.000-07:00

A Glimpse at the Face of Child Labor in the Philippines

Child Labor as a Social Problem
The film documented different faces of child labor in different phases of Philippines. It has three segments exposing how children despite their ‘right to be children’ were forced to work and earn a living for their family. The segments were: (1) Child labor at Slaughter House, (2) Children as “Maghohornal” and lastly (3) Children unloading cement at the Port.
Child labor is indeed a social problem in our society. There are many reasons as to why it was considered such. First is, it is illegal. Our Constitution intensely prohibits this act that it only mandates children to receive proper education and the right to live as children. Legally speaking, it is a social problem because our society rejects child labor yet its condition persists.
Secondary, on a sociological viewpoint, child labor is a social problem due to the fact that it applies to a large number of people. As expressed on the former statements, the documentary highlights this condition by showing its viewers that it occurs on different places of this country — be it on the rural or on the urban — although it took various forms; it does exist.
Lastly, child labor elicits norm violation in our society i.e. deviating in our normative standards. Children should play; children should not be exposed to the harshness and injustices of the world; children should be supported and not the ones supporting; children should be protected and children should enjoy life as how normal children do. Normally, those are what our senses absorb and undoubtedly, that is what our society inculcated us to believe. We accept child labor per se as abnormal because it does not portray exactly the way how our society envisioned it to be. It doesn’t paint the image that our society imagined her children to be.
Child labor — An analysis of the Social Problem using the Three Levels Approaches
In the movie, the people who are greatly affected in it are the child laborers. It is important to note that the result or the problem i.e. their being child laborers, is not caused by a homogenous circumstance. At some point, interlocking causes and problems lead them to become such. The succeeding paragraphs would discuss child labor as a social problem on: (a) personal level, (b) group level and lastly (c) societal level.
Looking at this on the personal level, problem would be viewed on a personal milieu. On each segments, children has different personal stories to share relating to the problem. These personal problems they had contributed to their status, generally, as child laborers.
The first segment, at the slaughter house, Tikboy, 9 year-old, shared that he had to work to help his family. He knew that the nature of work from 7: 00 pm to 10: 00 pm was dangerous; however, he had no other option for that was the only possible way wherein he could earn money. He was even wounded. The salary was also not judicial for his efforts.
On the second, Belena, labeled as “batang hornal” was interviewed. She honestly said that she wanted to go to school but she could not because her family had too many debts to fund for her education. Although she would be enrolled and promised that she would continue schooling, she would later be asked not to go to school so that she could work and earn money. On the other hand, Cito, 14 year-old, same as Belena, seemed to acquire learnt-helplessness that he did not long to study anymore. He just accepted that he couldn’t catch up with the lessons and that he would rather go to field; hold his “matsete” and work to help his family.
The Child laborers at the port of Dapitan were also willing to tell their stories. One confided that it was because his father only battered his mother and that they didn’t have any money. The other mentioned that his father was only a fisherman and that his earnings were not enough to suffice the family’s need.
On the Group Level, the milieu is not just the person who experiences this but rather, the other persons who are also involved and affected, suggesting a system, not a person.

At the slaughter house, children primarily worry that they might get wounded. Sharp knives could get into their flesh and cut them just like the pigs that were slaughtered. The pigs from the boiling water were also too hot and could hurt their skin. Their only salary was the slice of pork that their boss would allow them to have. They still need to sell it to market secretly to trade it for money.
Meanwhile, the “Maghohornal” children were all occupied with the question, “how could they pay their debt?” After removing the weeds and planting the crops, the families of “maghohornal” had to wait for months to have another job. These then would make them idle. They had no income which would cause them to generate debts. Thus, by the time they would have jobs, they already had lots of credits to pay.
The Child laborers at Dapitan were also lamenting over the fact that their work was really hard, health threatening and heavy since they had to carry sacks of cement for hours. The treatment of their boss was not cruel yet harsh, since they were only allowed to have a break at 1:00 after the adults had finished having their lunch.
Yet on the societal level, the focus are on the problems experienced by every individuals (the child laborers), the group that they belong to and the society these individuals and groups constitute. On all the segments the child laborers were all striving over the economic deprivation that they were encountering. They were willy-nilly but to work hard for a small earning. Despite the danger, their dreams and aspirations, they had to stomach in their inevitable fate and that is, to be a Child Laborer.
As can be analyzed, not all personal problems are part of group problems. Not all group problems are part of societal problems. Yet, the personal problems and the group problem contribute to the growth of social problem.
On the contrary, the problems, as viewed on three distinct levels could also be given solution vis-à-vis the level that it is viewed. Provided below are some assumptions on how these solutions address the problems they were facing.
On a personal level, suppose that a philanthropist adapted Belena and funded her education and paid all the debts of her family. Her personal problem could be resolved but not the group and not the society’s problem as well. However, we could not also rely on philanthropist to cater these unfortunate children thus, it would not work to the group level.
On the group level, if the bosses of these child laborers would make their salary higher and the treatment more considerately, the group could be alleviated. It would then require them to change the rules and policies that they were applying in the work place. These changes however, are not applicable to the other. Say, the changes made at Dapitan could not be applicable to the slaughter house.
Lastly, the societal level solution could make an impact to the group and personal levels. If the government, a structural institution of society, would legalize child labor in our country and would give different provisions for these children, bills and laws would be passed protecting the rights of these children as laborers.
Children who are in this status could enjoy, if not, at least have the privilege of being a laborer. They would have the grounds for requesting wage increase and to charge their bosses of felony if they were harassed or abused.
Indeed, if the society could not eradicate child labor, at least, the society could make changes to lessen the burden of being one (a child laborer).
Minsan Lang Sila Bata(They can only be Children Once) — A Personal Reflection
Honestly, if I were to be a Child laborer, I don’t know if I could I swallow it… perhaps for a day, but not for long.
Based on what I saw in the film, I became more aware on how rampant child labor was in our country. Aware in the sense that I just didn’t know it but felt it as well.
It was not easy being child laborer. (My tears almost slipped out my eyes, glad I was able to hold it) The work was hard and the environment was not friendly for their young breaths. The money was too small even for their small hands to hold. The blood, the sun and the dust are all penetrating not just in their skin but also in their hearts.
I can never blame them. Why didn’t they refuse and insist that they should be holding toys and pencils instead? They were caught in a situation that they could not escape. Of course, before they think of theirselves, they have to think for the welfare of their family. They love their parents.
I can never blame their parents. (The children didn’t blame them too.) They love their daughters, they love their sons — those are given. However, why didn’t they sacrificed or at least became wise before planning to raise sons and daughters? But they are already there… breathing. Love per se can not put rice on their plates.
According to Maslow, love and belongingness as well as intellectualization needs belong to a higher rank than primary needs. With this in mind, the actions of these children and their parents were reasonable. Before they thought of their need to love and be loved, before they thought of their need to be knowledgeable and intellectualized, their primary needs such as food, shelter and clothing should be foremost attended.
But, is there anyone where we can put the blame?
The society can not also give an accurate answer. It can only cope and adapt the changes that the reality threw to our senses. It can create solutions — solutions that inevitably causes birth of new problems.
Take for an example, to the families of Tikboy, Belena and others interviewed, child labor is not a problem, it is more of a solution since it adds to their income. But on other perspective, it is a problem which caused more problems. Why? Those children were not receiving proper education; they were unconsciously subjected to the selfish motive of some adults who only wanted to benefit and not to help.
And then we would say, “child labor is a social problem”, yet it is rooted on a problem that exists long before these children and perhaps the parents of these children were born— poverty. Poverty takes on many forms yet it elicits different result and one is what the object of discussion is all about, not to mention prostitution and other coping strategies used by people to generate income.
What I am trying to say is that dealing or healing a social problem is like playing pick-up sticks. Same as how a kid uses his eyes to see all possible angles to remove a stick from the overlapping sticks scattered on the floor, the society should be keen enough to look for the possible angles to attack the problem. If the kid became careless, other sticks would be moved which signifies game over. It is not different if the social problem would carelessly be attacked, it would affect the values and beliefs of others thus, producing more chaos rather than prosperity.
This then made me remember what the Bible elucidates in Jeremiah 6:13-15 “For from the least one of them even to the greatest one of them, every one is making for himself unjust gain; and from the prophet even to the priest, each one is acting falsely. ¹⁴ And they try to heal the breakdown of my people lightly, saying, ‘There is peace! There is peace!’ when there is no peace. ¹⁵ Did they feel shame because it was something detestable that they had done? For one thing, they positively do not feel any shame; for another thing, they have not come to know even how to feel humiliated. Therefore they will fall among those who are falling; in the time that I must hold an accounting with them they will stumble,” Jehovah has said.”
For long, men strived to prove that they can heal its people, yet they prove none. This is not to be considered as degradation of humanity but rather, accepting what humanity is all about. We are all imperfect, thus we could not provide solution and analyze things just as how perfects, like God, could do it.
In response, we should always reflect on things we see and experience while remembering Proverbs 3: 5, 6, . That I think is the only way we can trudge on this system positively. In His own time, God would act and prove his sovereignty once more that He alone, could provide the answer, resolving all the issues that His creations were having.

Tydings-McDuffie Law|Philippine Independence Act

2010-09-26T02:07:00.001-07:00

The Philippine Independence Act (Tydings-McDuffie Law)

Public Law 73-127

24 March 1934

An act to provide for the complete independence of the Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and a form of government for the islands, and for other purposes.

Convention to Frame Constitution for Philippine Islands

Section 1. The Philippine Legislature is hereby authorized to provide for the election of delegates to a constitutional convention, which shall meet in the hall of the House of Representatives in the capital of the Philippine Islands, at such time as the Philippine Legislature may fix, but not later than October 1, 1934, to formulate and draft a constitution for the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, subject to the conditions and qualifications prescribed in this Act, which shall exercise jurisdiction over all the territory ceded to the United States by the treaty of peace concluded between the United States and Spain on the 10th day of December, 1898, the boundaries of which are set forth in Article III of said treaty, together with those islands embraced in the treaty between Spain and the United States concluded at Washington on the 7th day of November, 1900. The Philippine Legislature shall provide for the necessary expenses of such convention.

Character of Constitutions — Mandatory Provisions

Section 2. (a) The constitution formulated and drafted shall be republican in form, shall contain a bill of rights, and shall, either as a part thereof or in an ordinance appended thereto, contain provisions to the effect that, pending the final and complete withdrawal of the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippine Islands.

(1) All citizens of the Philippine Islands shall owe allegiance to the United States.

(2) Every officer of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall, before entering upon the discharge of his duties, take and subscribes an oath of office, declaring, among other things, that he recognizes and accepts the supreme authority of and will maintain true faith and allegiance to the United States.

(3) Absolute toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured and no inhabitant or religious organization shall be molested in person or property on account of religious belief or mode of worship.

(4) Property owned by the United States, cemeteries, churches, and parsonages or convents appurtenant thereto, and all lands, buildings, and improvements used exclusively for religious, charitable, or educational purposes shall be exempt from taxation.

(5) Trade relations between the Philippine Islands and the United States shall be upon the basis prescribed in section 6.

(6)The public debt of the Philippine Islands and its subordinate branches shall not exceed limits now or hereafter fixed by the Congress of the United States; and no loans shall be contracted in foreign countries without the approval of the President of the United States.

(7) The debts, liabilities, and obligations of the present Philippine Government, its provinces, municipalities, and instrumentalities, valid and subsisting at the time of the adoption of the constitution, shall be assumed and paid by the new government.

(8) Provision shall be made for the establishment and maintenance of an adequate system of public schools, primarily conducted in the English language.

(9) Acts affecting currency, coinage, imports, exports, and immigration shall not become law until approved by the President of the United States.

(10) Foreign affairs shall be under the direct supervision and control of the United States.

(11) All acts passed by the Legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall be reported to the Congress of the United States.

(12) The Philippine Islands recognizes the right of the United States to expropriate property for public uses, to maintain military and other reservations and armed forces in the Philippines, and, upon order of the President, to call into the service of such armed forces all military forces organized by the Philippine Government.

(13) The decisions of the courts of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States as provided in paragraph 6 of section 7.

(14) The United States may, by Presidential proclamation, exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands and for the maintenance of the government as provided in the constitution thereof, and for the protection of life, property, and individual liberty and for the discharge of government obligations under and in accordance with the provisions of the constitution.

(15) The authority of the United States High Commissioner to the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, as provided in this Act, shall be recognized.

(16) Citizens and corporations of the United States shall enjoy in the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands all the civil rights of the citizens and corporations, respectively, thereof.

(b) The constitution shall also contain the following provisions, effective as of the date of the proclamation of the President recognizing the independence of the Philippine Islands, as hereinafter provided:

(1) That the property rights of the United States and the Philippine Islands shall be promptly adjusted and settled, and that all existing property rights of citizens or corporations of the United States shall be acknowledged, respected, and safeguarded to the same extent as property rights of citizens of the Philippine Islands.

(2) That the officials elected and serving under the constitution adopted pursuant to the provisions of this Act shall be constitutional officers of the free and independent Government of the Philippine Islands and qualified to function in all respects as if elected directly under such government, and shall serve their full terms of office as prescribed in the constitution.

(3) That the debts and liabilities of the Philippine Islands, its provinces, cities, municipalities, and instrumentalities, which shall be valid and subsisting at the time of the final and complete withdrawal of the sovereignty of the United States, shall be assumed by the free and independent Government of the Philippine Islands; and that where bonds have been issued under authority of an Act of Congress of the United States by the Philippine Islands, or any province, city, or municipality therein, the Philippine Government will make adequate provision for the necessary funds for the payment of interest and principal, and such obligations shall be a first lien on the taxes collected in the Philippine Islands.

(4) That the Government of the Philippine Islands, on becoming independent of the United States, will assume all continuing obligations assumed by the United States under the treaty of peace with Spain ceding said Philippine Islands to the United States.

(5) That by way of further assurance the Government of the Philippine Islands will embody the foregoing provisions [except paragraph (2)] in a treaty with the United States.

Submission of Constitution to the President of the United States

Section 3. Upon the drafting and approval of the constitution by the constitutional convention in the Philippine Islands, the constitution shall be submitted within two years after the enactment of this Act to the President of the United States, who shall determine whether or not it conforms with the provisions of this Act. If the President finds that the proposed constitution conforms substantially with the provisions of this Act he shall so certify to the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, who shall so advise the constitutional convention. If the President finds that the constitution does not conform with the provisions of this Act he shall so advise the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, stating wherein in his judgment the constitution does not so conform and submitting provisions which will in his judgment make the constitution so conform. The Governor-General shall in turn submit such message to the constitutional convention for further action by them pursuant to the same procedure hereinbefore defined, until the President and the constitutional convention are in agreement.

Submission of Constitution to Filipino People

Section 4. After the President of the United States has certified that the constitution conforms with the provisions of this Act, it shall be submitted to the people of the Philippine Islands for their ratification or rejection at an election to be held within four months after the date of such certification, on a date to be fixed by the Philippine Legislature, at which election the qualified voters of the Philippine Islands shall have an opportunity to vote directly for or against the proposed constitution and ordinances appended thereto. Such election shall be held in such manner as may be prescribed by the Philippine Legislature, to which the return of the election shall be made. The Philippine Legislature shall by law provide for the canvassing of the return and shall certify the result to the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, together with a statement of the votes cast, and a copy of said constitution and ordinances. If a majority of the votes cast shall be for the constitution, such vote shall be deemed an expression of the will of the people of the Philippine Islands in favor of Philippine independence, and the Governor-General shall, within thirty days after receipt of the certification from the Philippine Legislature, issue a proclamation for the election of officers of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands provided for in the constitution. The election shall take place not earlier than three months nor later than six months after the proclamation by the Governor-General ordering such election. When the election of the officers provided for under the constitution has been held and the results determined, the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands shall certify the results of the election to the President of the United States, who shall thereupon issue a proclamation announcing the results of the election, and upon the issuance of such proclamation by the President the existing Philippine Government shall terminate and the new government shall enter upon its rights, privileges, powers, and duties, as provided under the constitution. The present Government of the Philippine Islands shall provide for the orderly transfer of the functions of government.
If a majority of the votes cast are against the constitution, the existing Government of the Philippine Islands shall continue without regard to the provisions of this Act.

Transfer of Property and Rights to Philippine Commonwealth

Section 5. All the property and rights which may have been acquired in the Philippine Islands by the United States under the treaties mentioned in the first section of this Act, except such land or other property as has heretofore been designated by the President of the United States for and other reservations of the Government of the United States, and except such land or other property or rights or interests therein as may have been sold or otherwise disposed of in accordance with law, are hereby granted to the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands when constituted.

Relations with the United States Pending Complete Independence

Section 6. After the date of the inauguration of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands trade relations between the United States and the Philippine Islands shall be as now provided by law, subject to the following exceptions:
(a) There shall be levied, collected, and paid on all refined sugars in excess of fifty thousand long tons, and on unrefined sugars in excess of eight hundred thousand long tons, coming into the United States from the Philippine Islands in any calendar year, the same rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries.
(b) There shall be levied, collected, and paid on all coconut oil coming into the United States from the Philippine Islands in any calendar year in excess of two hundred thousand long tons, the same rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries.
(c) There shall be levied, collected, and paid on all yarn, twine, cord, cordage, rope and cable, tarred or untarred, wholly or in chief value of Manila (abaca) or other hard fibers, coming into the United States from the Philippine Islands in any calendar year in excess of a collective total of three million pounds of all such articles hereinbefore enumerated, the same rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from foreign countries.
(d) In the event that in any year the limit in the case of any article which may be exported to the United States free of duty shall be reached by the Philippine Islands, the amount or quantity of such articles produced or manufactured in the Philippine Islands thereafter that may be so exported to the United States free of duty shall be allocated, under export permits issued by the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, to the producers or manufacturers of such articles proportionately on the basis of their exportation to the United States in the preceding year; except that in the case of unrefined sugar the amount thereof to be exported annually to the United States free of duty shall be allocated to the sugar-producing mills of the Islands proportionately on the basis of their average annual production for the calendar years 1931, 1932, and 1933, and the amount of sugar from each mill which may be so exported shall be allocated in each year between the mill and the planters on the basis of the proportion of sugar to which the mill and the planters are respectively entitled. The Government of the Philippine Islands is authorized to adopt the necessary laws and regulations for putting into effect the allocation hereinbefore provided.
(e) The government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall impose and collect an export tax on all articles that may be exported to the United States from the articles that may be exported to the United States from the Philippine Islands free of duty under the provisions of existing law as modified by the foregoing provisions of this section including the articles enumerated in subdivisions (a), (b) and (c), within the limitations therein specified, as follows:
(1) During the sixth year after the inauguration of the new government the export tax shall be 5 per centum of the rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid on like articles imported from foreign countries;
(2) During the seventh year after the inauguration of the new government the export tax shall be 10 per centum of the rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid on like articles imported from foreign countries;
(3) During the eighth year after the inauguration of the new government the export tax shall be 15 per centum of the rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid on like articles imported from foreign countries;
(4) During the ninth year after the inauguration of the new government the export tax shall be 20 per centum of the rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied, collected, and paid on like articles imported from foreign countries;
(5) After the expiration of the ninth year of the inauguration of the new government the export tax shall be 25 per centum of the rates of duty which are required by the laws of the United States to be levied collected and paid on like articles imported from foreign countries.
The government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall place all funds received in such export taxes in a sinking fund, and such funds shall, in addition to other moneys available for the purpose, be applied solely to the payment of the principal interest on the bonded indebtedness of the Philippine Islands, provinces, municipalities, and instrumentalities until such indebtedness has been fully discharged.
When used in this section in a geographical sense, the term "United States" includes all Territories and possessions of the United States, except the Philippine Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the island of Guam.
Section 7. Until the final and complete withdrawal of American sovereignty over the Philippine Islands:
(1) Every duly adopted amendment to the constitution of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall be submitted to the President of the United States for approval. If the President approves the amendment or if the President fails to disapprove such amendment within six months from the time of its submission, the amendment shall take effect as a part of such constitution.
(2) The President of the United States shall have authority to suspend the taking effect of or the operation of any law, contract, or executive order of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, which in his judgment will result in a failure of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands to fulfill its contracts, or to meet its bonded indebtedness and interest thereon or to provide for its sinking funds, or which seems likely to impair the reserves for the protection of the currency of the Philippine Islands, or which in his judgment will violate international obligations of the United States.
(3) The Chief Executive of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall make an annual report to the President and Congress of the United States of the proceedings and operations of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands and shall make such other reports as the President or Congress may request.
(4) The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a United States High Commissioner to the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands who shall hold office at the pleasure of the President and until his successor is appointed and qualified. He shall be known as the United States High Commissioner to the Philippine Islands. He shall be the representative of the President of the United States in the Philippine Islands and shall be recognized as such by the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, by the commanding officers of the military forces of the United States, and by all civil officials of the United States in the Philippine Islands. He shall have access to all records of the government or any subdivision thereof, and shall be furnished by the Chief Executive of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands with such information as he shall request.
If the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands fails to pay any of its bonded or other indebtedness or the interest thereon when due or to fulfill any of its contracts, the United States High Commissioner shall immediately report the facts to the President, who may thereupon direct the High Commissioner to take over the customs offices and administration of the same, administer the same, and apply such part of the revenue received therefrom as may be necessary for the payment of such overdue indebtedness or for the fulfillment of such contracts. The United States High Commissioner shall annually, and at such other times as the President may require, render an official report to the President and Congress of the United States. He shall perform such additional duties and functions as may be delegated to him from time to time by the President under the provisions of this Act.
The United States High Commissioner shall receive the same compensation as is now received by the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands, and shall have such staff and assistants as the President may deem advisable and as may be appropriated for by Congress, including a financial expert, who shall receive for submission to the High Commissioner a duplicate copy of the reports to the insular auditor. Appeals from decisions of the insular auditor may be taken to the President of the United States. The salaries and expenses of the High Commissioner and his staff and assistants shall be paid by the United States.
The first United States High Commissioner appointed under this Act shall take office upon the inauguration of the new government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands.
(5) The government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall provide for the selection of a Resident Commissioner to the United States, and shall fix his term of office. He shall be the representative of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands and shall be entitled to official recognition as such by all departments upon presentation to the President of credentials signed by the Chief Executive of said government. He shall have a seat in the House of Representatives of the United States, with the right of debate, but without the right of voting. His salary and expenses shall be fixed and paid by the Government of the Philippine Islands. Until a Resident Commissioner is selected and qualified under this section, existing law governing the appointment of Resident Commissioners from the Philippine Islands shall continue in effect.
(6) Review by the Supreme Court of the United States of cases from the Philippine Islands shall be as now provided by law; and such review shall also extend to all cases involving the constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands.
Section 8. (a) Effective upon the acceptance of this Act by concurrent resolution of the Philippine Legislature or by a convention called for that purpose, as provided in section 17:
(1) For the purposes of the Immigration Act of 1917, the Immigration Act of 1924 [except section 13 (c)], this section, and all other laws of the United States relating to the immigration, exclusion, or expulsion of aliens, citizens of the Philippine Islands who are not citizens of the United States shall be considered as if they were aliens. For such purposes the Philippine Islands shall be considered as a separate country and shall have for each fiscal year a quota of fifty. This paragraph shall not apply to a person coming or seeking to come to the Territory of Hawaii who does not apply for and secure an immigration or passport visa, but such immigration shall be determined by the Department of the Interior on the basis of the needs of industries in the Territory of Hawaii.
(2) Citizens of the Philippine Islands who are not citizens of the United States shall not be admitted to the continental United States from the Territory of Hawaii (whether entering such territory before or after the effective date of this section) unless they belong to a class declared to be non-immigrants by section 3 of the Immigration Act of 1924 or to a class declared to be nonquota immigrants under the provisions of section 4 of such Act other than subdivision (c) thereof, or unless they were admitted to such territory under an immigration visa. The Secretary of Labor shall by regulations provide a method for such exclusion and for the admission of such excepted classes.
(3) Any Foreign Service officer may be assigned to duty in the Philippine Islands, under a commission as a consular officer, for such period as may be necessary and under such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe, during which assignment such officer shall be considered as stationed in a foreign country; but his powers and duties shall be confined to the performance of such of the official acts and notarial and other services, which such officer might properly perform in respect to the administration of the immigration laws if assigned to a foreign country as a consular officer, as may be authorized by the Secretary of State.
(4) For the purposed of sections 18 and 20 of the Immigration Act of 1917, as amended, the Philippine Islands shall be considered a foreign country.
(b) The provisions of this section are in addition to the provisions of the immigration laws now in force, and shall be enforced as part of such laws, and all the penal or other provisions of such laws not applicable, shall apply to and be enforced in connection with the provisions of this section. An alien, although admissible under the provisions of this section, shall not be admitted to the United States if he is excluded by any provision of the immigration laws other than this section, and an alien, although admissible under the provisions of the immigration laws other than this section, shall not be admitted to the United States if he is excluded by any provision of this section.
(c) Terms defined in the Immigration Act of 1924 shall, when used in this section, have the meaning assigned to such terms in the Act.
Section 9. There shall be no obligation on the part of the United States to meet the interest or principal of bonds and other obligations of the Government of the Philippine Islands or of the provincial and municipal governments thereof, hereafter issued during the continuance of United States sovereignty in the Philippine Islands: Provided, That such bonds and obligations hereafter issued shall not be exempt from taxation in the United States or by authority of the United States.

Recognition of Philippine Independence and Withdrawal of American Sovereignty

Section 10. (a) On the 4th, day of July immediately following the expiration of a period of ten years from the date of the inauguration of the new government under the constitution provided for in this Act the President of the United States shall by proclamation withdraw and surrender all right of possession, supervision, jurisdiction, control, or sovereignty then existing and exercised by the United States in and over the territory and people of the Philippine Islands, including all military and other reservations of the Government of the United States in the Philippines (except such naval reservations and fueling stations as are reserved under section 5), and, on behalf of the United States, shall recognize the independence of the Philippine Islands as a separate and self-governing nation and acknowledge the authority and control over the same of the government instituted by the people thereof, under the constitution then in force.
(b) The President of the United States is hereby authorized and empowered to enter into negotiations with the Government of the Philippine Islands, not later than two years after his proclamation recognizing the independence of the Philippine Islands, for the adjustment and settlement of all questions relating to naval reservations and fueling stations of the United States in the Philippine Islands, and pending such adjustment and settlement the matter of naval reservations and fueling stations shall remain in its present status.

Neutralization of Philippine Islands

Section 11. The President is requested, at the earliest practicable date, to enter into negotiations with foreign powers with a view to the conclusion of a treaty for the perpetual neutralization of the Philippine Islands, if and when the Philippine independence shall have been achieved.

Notification to Foreign Governments

Section 12. Upon the proclamation and recognition of the independence of the Philippine Islands, the President shall notify the governments with which the United States is in diplomatic correspondence thereof and invite said governments to recognize the independence of the Philippine Islands.

Tariff Duties After Independence

Section 13. After the Philippine Islands have become a free and independent nation there shall be levied, collected, and paid upon all articles coming into the United States from the Philippine Islands the rates of duty which are required to be levied, collected, and paid upon like articles imported from other foreign countries: Provided, That at least one year prior to the date fixed in this Act for the independence of the Philippine Islands, there shall be held a conference of representatives of the Government of the United States and the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, such representatives to be appointed by the President of the United States and the Chief Executive of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands, respectively, for the purpose of formulating recommendations as to future trade relations between the Government of the United States and the independent Government of the Philippine Islands, the time, place, and manner of holding such conference to be determined by the President of the United States; but nothing in this proviso shall be construed to modify or affect in any way any provision of this Act relating to the procedure leading up to Philippine independence or the date upon which the Philippine Islands shall become independent.

Immigration After Independence

Section 14. Upon the final and complete withdrawal of American sovereignty over the Philippine Islands the immigration laws of the United States (including all the provisions thereof relating to persons ineligible to citizenship) shall apply to persons who were born in the Philippine Islands to the same extent as in the case of other foreign countries.

Certain Statutes Continued In Force

Section 15. Except as in this Act otherwise provided, the laws now or hereafter in force in the Philippine Islands shall continue in force in the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands until altered, amended, or repealed by the Legislature of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands or by the Congress of the United States, and all references in such laws to the government or officials of the Philippines or Philippine Islands shall be construed, insofar as applicable, to refer to the government and corresponding officials respectively of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands. The government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall be deemed successor to the present Government of the Philippine Islands and of all the rights and obligations thereof. Except as otherwise provided in this Act, all laws or parts of laws relating to the present Government of the Philippine Islands and its administration are hereby repealed as of the date of the inauguration of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands.
Section 16. If any provision of this Act is declared unconstitutional or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of the Act and the applicability of such provisions to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

Effective Date

Section 17. The foregoing provisions of this Act shall not take effect until accepted by concurrent resolution of the Philippine Legislature or by a convention called for the purpose of passing upon that question as may be provided by the Philippine Legislature.

Salient provisions of the Tydings-McDuffie Law:

1. The organization of constitutional Convention that draw up the fundamental law of the land.

2. The election of the leaders of Philippine Commonwealth

3. The recognition of Philippine independence on July 4, 19646.

4. The right of United States to establish military bases in the country

5. Granting the United States president the power to call on all military forces of the Philippines into service.

6. Reclassifying all Filipinos as aliens and limiting immigration to the United Sates to 50 persons per year.

The Tydings-McDuffie law also specified that the Philippines would practice neutrality. Meaning, it could not go to war without permission of the United States except when it had to protect itself.

The Philippine Legislature ratified the Tydings-McDuffie law on May 1, 1934. From the on, Filipinos busied themselves with preparations for the establishment of the Commonwealth government.

Commonwealth Act No. 1 "National Defense Act"

2010-09-26T02:02:00.000-07:00

COMMONWEALTH ACT No. 1*

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PENALIZING CERTAIN VIOLATIONS THEREOF, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

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Be it enacted by the National Assembly of the Philippines:

TITLE I

NATIONAL DEFENSE
PRELIMINARY ARTICLE.

TITLE of Act

Section 1. This Act shall be known as "The National Defense Act."

ARTICLE I

NATIONAL DEFENSE POLICY

Section 2. The national defense policy of the Philippines shall be as follows:

(a) The preservation of the State is the obligation of every citizen. The security of the Philippines and the freedom, independence, and perpetual neutrality of the Philippine Republic shall be guaranteed by the employment of all citizens, without distinction of age or sex, and all resources.

(b) The employment of the nation's citizens and resources for national defense shall be effected by a national mobilization.

(c) The national mobilization shall include the execution of all measures necessary to pass from a peace to a war footing.

(d) The civil authority shall always be supreme. The President of the Philippines as the Commander-in-Chief of all military forces, shall be responsible that mobilization measures are prepared at all times.

(e) A national mobilization shall be ordered in any case of threatened or actual aggression.

(f) The national defense organization shall be adapted as closely as possible to the territorial and administrative organization of the Philippines.

(g) The mobilization plans of financial, industrial, economic, social, intellectual, and moral forces and resources of the Philippines shall conform to the provisions of the Constitution of the Philippines and shall be prepared by the executive departments concerned in accordance with the following general policies: (1) The respective responsibilities of the several executive departments in mobilization planning will be prescribed by the President; (2) forces and resources shall be employed so as to secure unity and continuity of effort until the threatened or actual aggression to the Philippines has been overcome.

(h) No profit incident to war shall accrue to any individual, corporation association or partnership.

ARTICLE II

EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS AND RESOURCES

Section 3. Military service shall be obligatory for all citizens of the Philippines, and the methods and procedure for the classification, selection, examination, induction, training, and release of all citizens from their military obligations shall be as prescribed in Title III of this Act.

Section 4. The registration of citizens for military service shall be a civil function carried out by the civil authorities under the supervision of the Chief of Staff.¹

Section 5. During a national mobilization the Government of the Philippines, acting through the appropriate governmental department, or by delegated authority, shall have the right to secure by mutual agreement or by requisition all such resources, tangible and intangible, and all such services and all other assets or possessions, public or private, as may be necessary for national defense.

ARTICLE III

THE COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE

Section 6. There shall be a Council of National Defense which shall consist of the President, the Vice President, the head of each executive department, the Chief of Staff, and six other members to be designated by the President with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly,² and a permanent secretary of the Council who shall be an officer of the Army. The Council shall advise with the President on all matters of national defense policy. It shall have a permanent staff which shall preserve a documentary record of the Council's deliberations.³

Section 7. The President of the Philippines shall be Chairman of the Council of National Defense.

Section 8. The method of operation of the Council of National Defense, its detailed duties, and its rights to summon witnesses or consultants shall be fixed in executive orders to be issued by the President. Funds for its operation shall be provided in the appropriations for the Executive Department.

ARTICLE IV

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION

Section 9. For the purpose of recruiting the national manpower, providing preparatory military training, executing the national mobilization plans, and supplying the needs of the armed forces in peace and war, the Philippines shall be divided into military districts as the President may direct.⁴

Section 10. In every military district a commissioned officer of the regular army shall be assigned as District Commander.⁵ He shall be provided with such assistants as the Chief of Staff may direct.

In time of peace, he shall be responsible, under the Chief of Staff, for the training,⁶ discipline, and tactical training of all units within his district, and for the preparation of defense plans; and in time of war, he shall be responsible, under the control of the Chief of Staff, for the defense of his district.

Section 11. In every province, The provincial governor shall execute all recruitment laws and the laws and regulations governing the mobilization of persons and resources for national defense, which the Central General Staff of the Philippine Army may prescribe from time to time. The Provincial Inspector⁷ of the Philippine Constabulary shall be a member of his staff to carry out this duty.⁸

Section 12. Recruiting areas will as far as possible conform with political subdivisions of the Philippines.

ARTICLE VII

MOBILIZATION CENTERS

Section 13. Mobilization centers shall be located in municipalities, townships and municipal districts according to their military population and the percentage of such population assigned to units of the reserve.

The Chief of Staff shall determine the location and type of mobilization centers to be provided, and the DistrictCommander⁹ shall be responsible for the operation of these mobilization centers at all times.¹⁰

ARTICLE VI

NATIONAL AND PARTIAL MOBILIZATION

Section 14. A National Mobilization shall be decreed by the President of the Philippines on approval of the National Assembly.

Section 15. Whenever the safety of the Philippines is endangered, the President may decree a Partial Mobilization. He shall promptly summon and report to the National Assembly the cause for, and extent of, the Partial Mobilization. The National Assembly shall determine whether or not the Partial Mobilization so decreed shall be annulled.

ARTICLE VII. – Technical Advisers

Section 16. The President of the Philippines shall have authority to appoint and maintain such technical advisers from the Army of the United States and for such period of time as he may deem necessary, which shall in no case extend beyond his term of office.¹¹

TITLE II

MILITARY ORGANIZATION

ARTICLE I

COMPOSITION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY

Section 17. The Army of the Philippines shall consist of the Regular Force and the Reserve Force: Provided,That, members of the Reserve Force on inactive status shall not, by reason solely of their appointments, oaths, commissions, or status as such, be held or deemed to be officers or employees in the Philippine Civil Service.¹²

Section 18. The organized peace establishment, including the Regular Force and the Reserves, shall comprise all organizations necessary to form the basis for a complete and prompt mobilization for the national defense. The Army shall at all times be organized in so far as practicable into battalions, regiments, divisions, and, if necessary, higher units.¹³

ARTICLE II

THE REGULAR FORCE

Section 19. Each young man who shall undergo training and service shall, for the duration of his training and service, receive a monthly base pay of not less than ten pesos for the first ten months, and an additional five pesos per month for service longer than ten months, in addition to meals and barracks accommodation, medical and dental attendance, clothing and transportation:¹⁴Provided, That under such regulations as the Secretary of National Defense may prescribe, each such person shall receive allowance the value of which shall not be less than seventy-five pesos: Provided, further, That each such person who, upon completion of training, when assigned for service with a unit or units of the Regular Force on actual combat operations shall receive pay and allowances at the same rates prescribed for enlisted men of the Regular Force. For those who are not on actual combat operations but are assigned for service with any unit of the Regular Force, the Secretary of national Defense may under such regulations as he may prescribe, allow the payment of pay and allowances higher than those prescribed herein: And provided, finally, That each such person who, upon completion of training, when assigned for service overseas with a unit or units of the Regular Force shall be entitled to the same rules of pay and allowances prescribed for enlisted men of the Regular Force for overseas duty.¹⁵

Section 20. Officers and enlisted men of the Regular Force shall be assigned to the various branches, corps and services as the President may direct.

All officers and enlisted men of the Regular Force who are not assigned to duty with any branch, corps or service herein provided for shall be carried on the detached officers' list and detached enlisted men's list, respectively.

Section 21. The organization of the Regular Force shall be as follows:

(a) All other regular units shall be organized as the President may direct.¹⁶

(b) The President may attach to regular units or may assign to duty with any component of the Regular Force such number of reserve officers as he may deem necessary. All periods of such duty as do not exceed thirty days annually shall be considered as regular annual training; all periods in excess of thirty days annually shall be classed as extended tours of active duty.¹⁷

(c) The President may likewise attach for their prescribed period of military training such number of trainees to regular units as he deems necessary.18

Section 22. The appointment, promotion, and discharge of officers in the Army shall be as follows:

(a) All commissioned officers in the Army shall be citizens of the Philippines; Provided, That the President may in his discretion retain in the Army any officer now holding a commission in the Philippine Constabulary. Commissioned grades authorized in the Army of the Philippines shall include third lieutenant,¹⁹second lieutenant, first lieutenant, captain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, and general officer: Provided, That the general officer grade may be further subdivided into grades as prescribed by the President: And provided, also, That individuals permanently commissioned in a grade above that of colonel shall be known as General Officers of the Line; those not so commissioned but holding an office in the Army to which the grade of general officer is attached shall be known as General officers of the Staff.

(b) Officers shall be commissioned in the Army of the Philippines subject to such examinations for the determination of fitness and proficiency as the President may prescribe. All appointments and promotions shall be made by the President, but the appointments and promotions in the Army from the rank of colonel shall be made with the consent of the Commission on Appointments of the National Assembly.²⁰

(d) ²²

(e)In determining the relative standing and precedence in seniority between officers of the regular force and officers of the reserve force of the armed Forces of the Philippines of the same permanent grade, the officers with the longer active commissioned service in that permanent grade shall be the senior, and in cases of the same active commissioned service in permanent grade, the officer with the longer accumulated active commissioned service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be the senior, and in cases not covered by the foregoing, the Secretary of National Defense shall determine the relative seniority of officers concerned.²³

(f) Promotion of regular and reserve officers shall be accomplished under such policies and procedure as the President may direct, provided that in time of peace no reserve officer may be promoted to any grade until he has served at least two years in the next lower grade.

Any reserve officer may, in the discretion of the President, be discharged at any time.

(g) ²⁴

(h) In time of war any officer of the Regular Force may be appointed to higher temporary rank without vacating his permanent commission, such appointments in grades below that of colonel being made by the President alone, but all other appointments in time of war shall be in the Reserve force.

(i) Upon his own application and with the approval of the Chief of Staff, any officer may be transferred at any time to a branch or service other than his own without loss of rank: Provided, That no transfers to or from the Judge Advocate General's Service, The Chaplain Service or the Medical Service shall be permitted. Transfers in time of war shall be made as prescribed by the Chief of Staff.²⁵

(j) With the approval of the American Government, not to exceed one-half of one per cent of the commissioned officers of the Regular Force below the grade of lieutenant colonel may be detailed to duty at foreign military schools.

While on such duty, officers so detailed shall receive the pay and allowances of commissioned officers of their own grade in the army of the country in which the military school is located: Provided,That such pay is equal to or higher than that received by the officer so detailed.

(k) Not to exceed one-half of one per cent of the commissioned officers of the Regular army in any fiscal year may be detailed as students at such technical, professional, and other educational institutions, or as students, observers, or investigators at such industrial plants, hospitals, and other places, as shall be best suited to enable such officers to acquire a knowledge of or experience in the specialties in which it is deemed necessary that such officers shall perfect themselves: Provided, That no expense shall be incurred by the Philippine Government in addition to the pay allowance of the officers so detailed, except for the cost of tuition at such technical, professional, and other educational institutions.

(l)The President is authorized to detail or assign to duty with units of the Reserve Force such officers of the Regular Force as he deems necessary. Commanders of divisions and larger units of the Reserve Force shall be selected from officers of the Regular Force.

(m) Transfers of reserve officers within their category shall be made under such rules as the President may prescribe.

To the extent provided for from time to time by appropriations for this specific purpose, the President may order reserve officers to active duty at any time and for any period, but, except in time of a national emergency expressly declared by the National Assembly, no reserve officer shall be employed on active duty for more than six months in each five years without his own consent: Provided, however, That reserve officers who undergo extended tours of active duty voluntarily for any length of time and receive full pay and allowances therefor, shall not, by reason solely of such service, be exempt from duty with annual maneuvers or annual active duty training. Any reserve officer who fails or refuses to report for such duty, when so ordered, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.²⁶

Section 23. The General Staff Corps shall consist of the Chief of Staff, the Central General Staff and the General Staff with troops.²⁷

(a) The Chief of Staff shall be directly subordinate to the President of the Philippines.

Under the direction of the President of the Philippines, he shall cause to be made, by the Central General staff,²⁸ the necessary plans for recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, mobilizing, training and demobilizing the Army in peace and in war and for the use of the military forces for national defense. He shall render annually to the President, for transmission to the National Assembly, a full report upon the condition of the Army of the Philippines including statements as to strength, cost, unexpended balances, requirements, and so on.²⁹

(b) The Central General Staff³⁰ shall consist of the Chief of Staff, the Deputy Chief of Staff, and such other officers of grades not below that of first lieutenant as the President may direct.

It shall be the duty of the Central General Staff³¹ to prepare plans for the national defense and for the mobilization of the man-power and material resources of the nation in an emergency, to investigate and report upon all matters affecting the efficiency of the Army and its state of preparation for military operations; to perform such inspections of the Army as may be necessary to insure thoroughness and uniformity in training and compliance with regulations; to perform for the infantry, cavalry, artillery and air units and the Off-shore Patrol³² such functions as the Chief of Staff may prescribe; and to render professional aid and assistance of the Chief of Staff.³³

(c) The General Staff with troops shall consist of such number of officers not below the grade of first lieutenant as may be necessary to perform the General Staff duties of the headquarters of divisions and higher units.

It shall be the duty of the General Staff with troops to render professional aid and assistance to the general officers over them; to act as their agents in harmonizing the plans, duties and operations of the various organizations and services under their jurisdiction, in preparing detailed instructions for the execution of the plans of the commanding generals and in supervising the execution of such instructions.

Section 24.³⁴

Section 25. The Services shall consist of the following: (a) The Adjutant General's Service, the Judge AdvocateGeneral's Service, the Inspector General's Service, The Quartermaster Service, The Finance Service, the Medical Service, the Ordinance Service and the Chaplain Service. Each service shall consist of a Chief of Service and such assistants as the President may direct. The head of each service shall be responsible, under the supervision of the Chief of Staff, for the efficient performance of duties herein assigned to his service, and for the execution of all instructions and orders issued him by the Chief of Staff.³⁵

(b) The Adjutant General's Service shall be charged, under such regulations as the Chief of Staff may prescribe, with the operating functions of procurement, assignments, promotion, transfer, retirement, and discharge of all officers and enlisted men of the Regular and Reserve Forces.

(c) The Judge Advocate General's Service shall render such legal assistance as may be required by the military forces.³⁶

(d) The Inspector General's Service shall be charged under such regulations as the Chief of staff may prescribe, with the making of such inspections, investigations and reports as may be prescribed in regulations or directed by the Chief of Staff.³⁷

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(e) The Quartermaster Service shall be charged with the purchase, procurement, storage, and issue for the Army, of all supplies, except those whose procurement is assigned to other services; with the acquisition of real estate and the issue of license in connection with government military reservations; with the transportation of the Army by land and water, and with such other duties as may be required by law or directed by the Chief of Staff: Provided, That such commissioned technical assistants from other branches or services as may be required shall be detailed to the Quartermaster Service for a period of not to exceed three years.³⁸

(f) The Finance Service shall be charged with the disbursement of all funds for the national defense, the accounting of the same, and with such other fiscal duties as may be required by law or directed by the Chief of Staff: Provided, That under such regulations as the Chief of Staff may prescribe, officers of the Finance Service, accountable for government moneys, may entrust such moneys to other officers for the purpose of having them make disbursements as their agents, and the agent officer as well as the officer who entrusts the money to him shall be bonded and shall be held pecuniarily responsible to the Government of the Philippines.³⁹

(g) The Medical Service shall consist of the Medical Corps, the Dental Corps, the Veterinary Corps, the Nurse Corps, the Medical Administrative Corps and such other corps as may be created by the President. It shall be charged with all matters pertaining to the physical examination, health and sanitation of personnel and animals of the army. The same pay, allowances, rights and privileges shall be granted to the members of the Nurse Corps as are given to the members of the other corps in the Medical Service.⁴⁰

(g-1) All commissioned officers of the Nurse Corps who were appointed under Executive Order No. 267, dated April 15, 1940, issued pursuant to section 25 (e) of the National Defense Act, as amended by Commonwealth Act Numbered Three hundred and eighty-five, or who were appointed by the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines and who were inducted into the United States Armed Forces in the Far East and served honorably as such with the said armed forces, shall be considered as commissioned officers of the Nurse Corps created by Republic Act Numbered Two hundred and three.⁴¹

(g-2) All said commissioned nurses shall be credited with a period of service equal to the number of years, months, and days which said nurses served on active military service either as members of the Nurse Corps created by Executive Order No. 267, issued pursuant to section 25(e) of the National Defense Act, as amended by Commonwealth Act Numbered Three hundred and eighty-five, or in the status of commissioned officers of the Army of the Philippines inducted into the United States Armed Forces of the Far East.⁴²

(g-3) The respective ranks and grades which said commissioned nurses held under Executive Order No. 267 or in the status of commissioned nurses of the Army of the Philippines inducted into the United States Armed Forces of the Far East are hereby recognized, and the period of service credited to them, as hereinabove provided, shall be counted and construed as continuous or active service for the purpose of determining their grades and ranks, seniority, promotion and retirement as members of the Nurse Corps, Medical Service: Provided, however, That promotions made in the said corps before the approval of this Act shall not be affected thereby.⁴³

(h) The Ordnance Service, the Medical Service, the Air Corps, the Corps of Engineers, the Signal Corps, the Off-shore Patrol,⁴⁴ and the Chemical Corps45 shall be charged with the purchase, procurement, storage and issue of such special equipment, materials and supplies as apply to their respective services.

These several arms and services are charged with the study, experiment and development of all special materials and equipment pertaining to them.⁴⁶

(i) The Chaplain Service shall have charge of the religious welfare of the Army.⁴⁷

Section 25-A. The Corps of Engineers is charged with all construction required for the National Defense, including land and seacoast defenses, with the maintenance and repair of all such construction and with the maintenance and operation of all utilities except such construction and such utilities as may be specifically assigned to other services by the Chief of Staff.

Section 25-B. The Signal Corps shall be charged with the installation, maintenance and operation of all military signal communication systems and equipment, except the installation, maintenance and operation of such systems as may be organic to tactical units.⁴⁸

Section 26. ⁴⁹

ARTICLE III

ENLISTMENT AND REENLISTMENT

Section 27. Any male citizen of the Philippines between eighteen and thirty years of age, able bodied, free from disease, of good moral character and habits, of average intelligence, and possessed of such educational attainments as may be prescribed, may be enlisted in the Regular Force under the following restrictions:

(a) Enlistments shall be for a term of three years, and may be made by the recruiting officers at stations of the Regular Force: Provided, That all enlistments in force at the outbreak of the war, or other grave national emergency, or entered into during its continuation shall continue in force until six months after its termination unless sooner terminated by the President.

(b) Unmarried minors between eighteen and twenty-one years of age may be enlisted only on the written and duly attested consent of the father, the mother when she is the only surviving parent, or the publicly known guardian.

(c) Enlistments for service in any province, except for the Regular Division, the Artillery Corps, and Air Corps, shall be from among residents thereof. In so far as practicable, enlistments in those forces shall be apportioned among the various provinces of the Philippines. Any former soldier in the Philippine Army, the Philippine Constabulary, or the United States Army or Navy, of good character and faithful service, may be enlisted in the regular force: Provided, That he is physically qualified and that the difference between his age and his years of actual service shall not exceed thirty years.50

Section 28. Regulations applying to the reenlistment and to the retirement privileges of noncommissioned officers of the Regular Force shall be prescribed by the President.

Section 29. Henceforth, enlisted men of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and Filipinos commissioned or enlisted in the Armed Forces of the United States who retained or reacquired their Philippine citizenship except those discharged for physical disability, who shall have served at least three years and honorably discharged therefrom shall be incorporated in the Reserve Force in the grade in which discharged, and assigned to an organization thereof, subject to annual active duty training in the same manner as any other reservist: Provided, That any other honorably discharged personnel of the United States Armed Forces not otherwise disqualified may be mustered in the Reserve Force: And provided, further, That nothing in this provision shall prevent the dropping from the rolls of the Reserve Force of the name of any person who shall subsequently become not qualified as a reservist.⁵¹

ARTICLE IV

MILITARY ACADEMY

Section 30. There shall be established a military training school to be named the Philippine Military Academy, for the training of selected candidates for permanent commission in the Regular Force. The student body in the Military Academy shall be known as the Cadet Corps of the Army of the Philippines.

Section 31. The President is authorized to appoint to the Military Academy annually, subject to such physical and mental examination as he may prescribe, the number of cadets necessary to maintain the Cadet Corps at a strength of not to exceed three hundred and fifty at any one time. Cadets shall be selected from among candidates as hereinafter provided. Candidates for admission must be single and must never have been married, in good physical condition, not less than seventeen nor more than twenty-two years of age on the first of April of the year of admission, and shall be nominated by the members of Congress,⁵²except as hereinafter provided, each of whom may nominate any number of candidates. The President shall appoint from among those who pass the physical and mental examinations with the highest ratings, the number or numbers necessary to fill the existing vacancies: Provided, That a quota of three members of the Cadet Corps, hereinafter referred to as Congressional⁵³ quota shall be alloted to each Congressional District: Provided, further, That in case no candidates from a given Congressional⁵⁴ District attain the required minimum ratings, the vacancies in the Congressional⁵⁵ quota shall be filled by the President from successful candidates at large with the highest ratings: Provided, the President directly, without Congressional⁵⁶ nomination: Provided, still further, That a quota of eight members of the Cadet Corps shall be filled by the President directly, without Congressional⁵⁷ nomination, from qualified candidates with the highest ratings who are enlisted men of the Regular Force and who have completed at least one year of active military service and are in active status at the time of admission: Provided, still further, That a quota of four members of the Cadet Corps shall be filled by the President directly, without Congressonal⁵⁸ nomination, from qualified candidates with the highest ratings who are sons of enlisted men who are serving or who have honorably served for a period of at least six months in the Armed Forces of the Republic of the Philippines or of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, of duly recognized guerrilla units or of the United States Armed Forces prior to July fourth, nineteen hundred and forty-six: Provided, still further,That physically qualified sons of military personnel who have been cited for and awarded the medal for valor may be appointed as cadets by the President directly, without Congressional⁵⁹ nomination, and mental examination, on the condition that the number of such cadets shall not be included in the Cadet Corps strength of three hundred and fifty as herein provided: And provided, finally, That a quota of one foreign cadet per class may be alloted to each foreign country maintaining diplomatic relations with the Republic of the Philippines on the condition that the pay and allowances, per diems and traveling expenses of such cadet be borne by his country. Foreign cadets shall pass a qualifying mental examination and the number thereof authorized to train at the Military Academy shall not be included in the Cadet Corps strength of three hundred and fifty as herein provided.

The pay and allowances of students at the Military Academy shall be fixed by the President.

Any student, except foreign cadets, who shall, after entrance to the Academy and before completion of the prescribed course of training, be found to be physically unfit for military duty by reason of injury or diseaseincident to the service, shall be retired with the rank of cadet and shall be entitled to the retired pay and allowances of second lieutenant of the Regular Force.

Upon satisfactory completion of the course of instruction at the Military Academy candidates, except foreign cadets, shall be commissioned second lieutenants in the Regular Forces notwithstanding the age limits for appointment in the regular force prescribed in section four (b) of Republic Act Numbered Two hundred ninety-one, with relative rank in order of final general standing as determined by the Academic Board, and approved by the Chief of Staff: Provided, That any cadet who is discharged from the Academy prior to the completion of the prescribed course of instruction shall not be commissioned in the Regular or Reserve Forces until after the members of his class have been graduated from the Military Academy and duly commissioned: Provided, further, That any cadet dismissed from the Academy for hazing shall not thereafter be eligible for appointment as commissioned officer in the Regular or Reserve Forces.

The Academic Board of the Philippine Military Academy shall be composed of the Superintendent, the Dean of the Corps of Professors, the Commandant of Cadets, and the heads of the departments and shall have the power to confer the degree of bachelor of science under such rules and regulations as the Chief of Staff may prescribe, upon all cadets who may hereafter satisfactorily complete the approved course of studies.

The Chief of Staff shall have authority to grant graduation leaves of absence with full pay to all graduates of the Military Academy, who receive commissions in the Regular Force, for a period not exceeding one month effective upon the date of graduation.

Cadets may be granted leaves of absences from the Military Academy under such rules and regulations as the Chief of Staff may prescribe.

Academic leaves of absences without deduction from pay and allowances may be authorized for the Superintendent, professors, assistant professors, instructors and other officers of the Military Academy for the entire period of the suspension of the ordinary academic studies under such rules and regulations as the Chief of Staff may prescribe: Provided, That officers of the Reserve Force assigned for duty at the Military Academy shall be entitled to the same leave privileges as are authorized the officers of the Regular Force.⁶⁰

ARTICLE V

THE RESERVE FORCE

Section 32. The Reserve Force shall consist of such number of Infantry Divisions located as the President may direct of such additional sepate regiments, battalions, companies, and similar separate units as the President may authorize; of all reserve classes not assigned to the above units, and of the Reserve elements of the Offshore Patrol.⁶¹

The organization of reserve land and air units shall, in so far as practicable, be that of corresponding tactical units of the Regular Force.

SEC.33. The Chief of Staff may detail or assign to duty with Reserve units such enlisted men of the Regular Force as he deems necessary.⁶²

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ARTICLE VI

RESERVE OFFICERS AND NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Section 34. Any person who shall have completed his trainee instruction and who is selected for training as a commissioned officer shall pursue a theoretical course of training of not less than six months to be prescribed by the Chief of Staff, upon completion of which he shall be assigned to duty with a Regular unit as prohibitionary third lieutenant⁶³for another period of six months. At the end of this service those who have displayed qualities of leadership and who have demonstrated their fitness to command may be appointed and commissioned third lieutenants⁶⁴of the Reserve Force and assigned to an organization thereof. Those who fail to complete the course of training shall be transferred to the Reserve Force as enlisted men and shall be assigned to an organization thereof.⁶⁵

Section 35. At such colleges and universities as the President may designate there shall be established and maintained Reserve Officers' Training Units of such arms and services as he shall specify, where every physically fit student shall be required to pursue a course of military instruction designed to qualify him for a commission as a third lieutenant⁶⁶ of the Reserve. In so far as may be practicable, the student shall be permitted to choose the arm or service in which he wishes to train. This course of military instruction, if pursued to completion, shall exempt students from trainee instruction. It shall not exempt them from registration.⁶⁷

Section 36. The Chief of Staff shall, by mutual agreement with the head of the institution, designate the senior military instructor and such commissioned and enlisted personnel as may be necessary for each institution. He is authorized to issue to such institutions the arms, equipment and other property which he deems essential to the conduct of this instruction.

Section 37. Each year the senior military instructor shall submit to the Chef of Staff the names of those members of the graduating class whom he recommends for further training. These graduates may be ordered to organizations of the Regular Force for a six months' probationary period. At the end of this service those who have displayed their fitness for Commission may be appointed and commissioned third lieutenants⁶⁸ of the Reserves and assigned to an organization thereof.

Section 38. Graduates who are not recommended for training as third lieutenants⁶⁹ and those who fail to qualify for appointment as such shall be assigned to the nearest age group in the Reserve and assigned to an organization thereof as private or noncommissioned officers as recommended. Students of military age who do not complete their courses of study at an institution of learning provided with a Reserve Officers' Training Unit shall be liable for trainee instruction⁷⁰ immediately upon severing their connection with the institution. If more than 20 years of age, they shall be assigned to the trainee class next to be called.

Section 39. The President shall appoint and commission, upon the recommendation of the Chief of Staff, such reserve officers as shall in his opinion be needed. If deemed necessary, candidates may be required to undergo training as probationary third lieutenants,⁷¹ before being appointed and commissioned in the reserves.⁷²

Section 40. In so far as may be practicable, original appointments by the President in grades above third lieutenant⁷³ shall be made from among those formerly holding Reserve Commissions in the United States Army, from among former officers of the Philippine Scouts and Constabulary, from among former officers of the National Guard and from such others who possess exceptional ability or special training and skill.⁷⁴

Section 41. Noncommissioned officers of the Regular Force between the ages of twenty-one and thirty years who are recommended for appointment as third lieutenants⁷⁵ shall pursue the course of instruction of six months prescribed for those who have completed their trainee instruction, and who are recommended for training to qualify as reserve officers. Upon satisfactory completion of this course they may be appointed and commissioned third lieutenants⁷⁶ of the Reserves and assigned to an organization of the Reserve Force. Except upon mobilization, no service as a reserve officer may be performed by an enlisted man of the Regular Force.⁷⁷

Section 42. Medical reserve officers shall be procured from graduates of medical colleges and universities under such regulations as may be prescribed by the President.

Section 43. Reserve officers shall be physically examined upon each assignment to active duty. Any reserve officer found physically unfit for active field service shall be discharged.

Section 44. Young men who complete their trainee instruction⁷⁸ and are selected for additional training⁷⁹ to qualify them as noncommissioned officers of the Reserve Force shall pursue a prescribed course of three months. Upon satisfactory completion thereof they shall be warranted in the transferred to the Reserve Force and assigned to an organization thereof.

Section 45. noncommissioned officer grade for which they shall have qualified, and then The Chief of Staff shall be empowered to organize and establish such special and advanced school units as he may deem proper for the special training of officers of the technical and supply sections and services, and for the advanced training of selected officers for field, staff, and command duties.

Section 46. All candidates for appointment as reserve officers, except medical officers, shall be required to qualify for appointment as third lieutenants⁸⁰ of the line before being permitted to pursue any special course pertaining to the technical and supply services.

ARTICLE VII

ACTIVE DUTY TRAINING OF RESERVISTS

Section 47. Periods of active duty training⁸¹ in the Reserve Force shall be as prescribed by the Chief of Staff. In so far as may be practicable, the active duty periods for the three echelons shall be as follows: First Reserves, annually, not less than ten days; Second Reserves, annually, not less than five days; and Third Reserves, every third year, not less than seven days.

During such periods of active duty training⁸² the reservist shall be amenable to the laws and regulations prescribed for the Regular Force. Except with his own consent, no enlisted reservist may be required in time of peace to serve more than thirty days on active duty in any calendar year.

Section 48. Any reservist who fails to report for active duty training⁸³ as directed by the Chief of Staff shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.

Section 49. Any employee of the Government called for trainee instruction, or for regular annual active duty training, or for extended tour of active duty, shall not lose his position or suffer a loss of pay due to his absence in the fulfillment of his military obligations. A reserve officer on extended tour of active duty, regardless of the amount of his compensation in the civil position, shall be entitled to quarters or rental allowance as may be prescribed for his grade by Army regulations.⁸⁴

Section 50. Mobilization centers shall be constituted as follows:

(a) Mobilization centers shall be established for the purpose of providing storage for the arms, equipment, clothing, and records of units, other than those of the Regular Force, to be mobilized in a national emergency, of making provision in advance of mobilization for the necessary shelter for men and animals of such units during mobilization, and of reducing to a minimum the period necessary for mobilization.

(b) One mobilization center shall be established for each battalion or similar unit or, when for the best interests of the Philippines, for regiments or larger units.⁸⁵

TITLE III

MILITARY SERVICE
ARTICLE I
OBLIGATION TO SERVE AND LENGTH OF SERVICE

Section 51. All Filipinos are liable to military service.

Section 52. The obligation to undergo military training shall begin with youth in school, commencing at the age of ten years, and shall extend through his schooling until he shall reach the age of twenty-one years when he shall become subject to service with the colors. If at eighteen to twenty-one years of age the youth is not attending any school or college he shall enter the Junior Reserve subject to the exemptions prescribed in section eighty-seven of this Act. The training which he may undergo prior to the calendar year in which he attains twenty-one years of age shall be termed "Preparatory Military Training."

All school girls shall receive such instruction and training as the Chief of Staff may deem necessary for auxiliary service.

All able-bodied male citizens between the ages of twenty years and fifty-one years, both inclusive, except those specifically exempted, shall be classified as follows:

Trainees.- Those between the ages of twenty and twenty-one years who have been selected to receive military training.

First Reserve. – Those between the ages of twenty-two and thirty-one years both inclusive, and including also all those who have completed trainee instruction or its equivalent even though they may not have attained the age of twenty-two.

Second Reserve. – Those between the ages of thirty-two years and forty-one years, both inclusive.

Third Reserve. – Those between the ages of forty-two years and fifty-one years, both inclusive.86

Section 53. Young men shall be required to register for military training and service in the Armed Forces of the Philippines—Philippine Army, Philippine Constabulary, Philippine Air Force, Philippine navy, and separate Armed Forces of the Philippines units—in the calendar year in which they will attain twenty years of age. The period of such training and service shall be for eighteen consecutive months. Each such person shall receive military training for a period of at least six months. After such training, he may be assigned for duty and service with elements of the Regular Force.⁸⁷

ARTICLE II

PROCUREMENT OF TRAINEES

Section 54. On January first, 1936, or as soon thereafter as may be practicable, the President shall issue a proclamation calling upon all young men, citizens of the Philippines, who shall attain the age of twenty years in that calendar year, to register for military instruction. Registration shall take place in suitable registration places to be prescribed by the city, municipality, or municipal district government in which they reside, between the dates of April first and seventh. Annual registration shall be held during the same period in succeeding years.

Section 55. The President shall provide by proclamation all necessary rules and regulations for the method and procedure of registration and the selection of trainees for military service.

Section 56. On May fifteenth of each year, the Chief of Staff shall conduct a drawing which shall determine those registrants who are to be called for trainee instruction in the next calendar year He shall cause immediate and thorough publication to be given of the names of those who shall have been drawn. Provincial Governors shall be responsible that each young man in their province who shall have been drawn is notified at once of this fact.⁸⁸

Section 57. No person convicted of a crime against the Government or of an offense involving moral turpitude shall be permitted to register for military service unless he shall have been previously pardoned by the President.

Section 58. The following persons are exempt from registration:

(a) Members of the Philippine Scouts and the Philippine Army.

(b)Young men, citizens of the Philippines who are residing abroad. These persons shall register within five days after their return to the Philippines in order to determine their obligation for military training.

If under thirty years of age on their return, they shall be liable for military service, and shall enter thereon if drawn at the next national drawing for military service following their return.

(c)Persons who, because of incarceration awaiting trial or undergoing sentece of a court of law, are prevented from registering. They shall upon their release from custody register for military trainee instruction with the president⁸⁹ of the municipality or township⁹⁰ in which they reside. If under thirty years of age at the time of release, they shall be liable for trainee instruction; if over that age, they shall not be required to serve with the colors.

Section 59. The following registrants are exempted from trainee instruction:

(a) Ecclesiastic regularly ordained and serving as a member of the clergy and seminary students of a recognized church or sect.

(b) Physicians properly certified and practicing as such.

(d) The personnel of the coast guard revenue cutter and lighthouse inspection services.

(e) Pilots, navigators and marine superintendents.

(f) Filipino citizens who are civil service eligibles and who are employed regularly by the United States Government:⁹¹ Provided, That those of trainee age who have been drafted for military instruction, upon cessation of their employment in the United States Government, shall enter upon such instruction should they be below thirty years of age.⁹²

Section 60.⁹³

ARTICLE III

EXAMINATION, CLASSIFICATION, DEFERMENTS

Section 61. Acceptance Board shall be appointed by the Secretary of National Defense for a term of three years. Boards shall be appointed for such municipalities and municipal districts as the population may require. TheSecretary of National Defense shall determine the number and location of Boards required for the administration of this law. They shall consist of five regular members and two or more alternates. Two regular members shall be physicians and where practicable two shall be officers of the Philippine Army stationed in the province. The Secretary of National Defense shall designate the Chairman of the Board. The alternates shall serve and attend the meetings of the Board, in the event of the absence, sickness or other inability of the regular members, upon call of the Chairman of the Board.⁹⁴

Section 62. The medical members shall advise the board in cases where the young man's physical condition for military service is in question. Decision by the board as to action on such cases and upon all other matters shall be by majority vote.

Section 63. Young men who have been called for trainee instruction,⁹⁵ upon reporting to the Acceptance Boards, shall be required to complete a questionnaire of a prescribed form, and to undergo a physical examination. The board shall then classify the young men into the following classes:

(a) Class I—Fit for unlimited service.

(b) Class II—Fit for limited service only.

(d) Class IV—Exempted for physical reasons.

Section 64. The following, during the period of their employment or functions, may have their trainee instruction⁹⁶deferred for not to exceed three years:

(a) Such officers and employees of the insular,⁹⁷ provincial, municipal, and municipal district governments, as the President may designate in executive orders.

(b) Officials and agents of organized police forces.

The persons above mentioned shall be exempted from all military service except trainee instruction⁹⁸ and except for active service in a national emergency, expressly declared by the National Assembly when they shall be liable for military service or special assignment as directed by the President.

Section 65. Deferments may likewise be granted by the Acceptance Boards for those who are indispensable to the support of their dependent families, for agricultural reasons, and for certain key men in industry, commerce or agriculture; provided that such deferments shall not exceed one year, after which they shall be liable to such training⁹⁹ in the same manner as that prescribed for any other citizen.

Section 66. Deferments for any cause whatsoever shall be made only upon presentation to the Acceptance Boards of supporting evidence either by testimony of witnesses or by documentary evidence or both.

Section 67. The Acceptance Board shall be responsible for the prompt forwarding of the trainee's name, together will all documents and records pertaining to him, to his future station.

Section 68. Where the Acceptance Board denies the claim for deferment of any individual, he may, within ten days, appeal his case to the Central Review Board in Manila.

Section 69. Where dependency was the cause for deferment and that condition continues after the termination of the period of deferment, the young man shall be liable to trainee instruction,¹⁰⁰ and shall enter upon such instruction. During the period of his absence undergoing instruction, an allowance for the partial support of his dependent or dependents, who have no other means of support, shall be made by the Philippine Government. The corresponding acceptance board shall determine the dependent or dependents entitled to this allowance, which shall be fixed by Executive Order.¹⁰¹

Section 70. The expenses incident to the administration of the Acceptance Boards shall be borne by the Government. Except for governmental officials, the salaries of members of the Board shall not exceed P500 per annum, provided that no governmental official, whose salary is paid from the Philippine Government Treasury, shall receive any additional compensation by reason of service on such Boards.

Section 71. The District Commanders¹⁰² or their duly appointed assistants shall supervise the recruitment of the man-power in their districts. This responsibility shall extend to a supervision of registration and the administration and operation of all Acceptance Board within the territorial limits of their commands. They shall have access at all times to the records pertaining to registration, examination, and classification. They shall report all irregularities coming to their attention to the Chief of Staff.¹⁰³

ARTICLE IV

CENTRAL REVIEW BOARD

Section 72. The Central Review Board shall consist of five citizens appointed by the Secretary of National Defense who shall designate the Chairman of the Board. One member shall be an officer of the Philippine Army, representing the Chief of Staff. Initially, one member shall be appointed for five years, one member for four years, one member for three years, one member for two years, and the remaining year. Thereafter, all appointments shall be for five years. In occurs before the expiration of the term of office of any member, his successor shall serve only the unexpired portion of said term. No member shall be eligible for reappointment. Upon the expiration of the term of office of the Chairman, that office shall devolve upon the member having the longest service on the Board. The Board shall hold its session in the City of Manila.¹⁰⁴

Section 73. Decision in all matters before the Board shall be by majority vote. The Board shall have authority to employ such staff of assistants and the services of necessary medical examiners as may be authorized by theSecretary of National Defense.¹⁰⁵

Section 74. All cases of appeal from the decision of the Acceptance Boards which shall be forwarded by the Provincial Governors shall be reviewed by the Central Review Board. The appellant shall be authorized to be represented by legal counsel, and to present such facts and evidence in support of his case as he shall deem advisable. The decision of the Board shall be rendered without unnecessary delay and shall be final.

Section 75. The salaries of the members of the Board shall not exceed three thousand pesos per annum, except that the military member shall receive the pay and allowance of his rank and service. These salaries and those of the assistants and medical examiners as well as all expenses incident to the operation of the Board, shall be borne by the Philippine Government. Officers and employees of the Government serving as members of the Board or as assistants or examiners thereof, if any, shall not receive any additional compensation.

ARTICLE V

INCORPORATION INTO SERVICE

Section 76. Upon reporting at the designated training station the young man shall be examined physically, and, if fit for the service of his classification, he shall be assigned to duty with an organization and sworn in. If the examination discloses any cause for a change in his classification, the change shall be effected by the local Commander immediately and his assignment o training instruction varied accordingly. Where a change of station is necessary to provide the requisite training, the Commanding Officer shall be empowered to issue the necessary orders covering his transportation. Upon joining his organization, he shall be sworn in. In case of physical disability disqualifying him for military service, he shall be returned to his home and prompt report made of such action to the Chief of Staff and to the Mayor of the municipality or municipal district of his residence.¹⁰⁶

Section 76-A. Any person failing to register for military service herein provided, or who shall fail to report to the corresponding Acceptance Board or to a designated training camp after having been duly notified to do so shall, upon conviction, be sentenced to serve not more than six months in prison or to pay a fine of not to exceed twohundred pesos, or both, at the discretion of the Court. Conviction for this offense shall not exempt the person convicted from the military service herein required.

The municipalities and chartered cities shall be exempt from the payment of all court and sheriff's fees in the prosecution of cases falling under this section.¹⁰⁷

ARTICLE VI
TRANSFER TO RESERVE FORCE

Section 77. Upon competition of the prescribed course of trainee instruction108 and, unless the soldier shall enlist in the Regular Force or shall be selected for further training to qualify him as a commissioned or noncommissioned officer, he shall be transferred to the Reserve Force and assigned to an organization thereof by the Adjutant General. From this time his name shall be carried on the rosters of the Reserve force.

Upon transfer to the Reserve Force, such arms, accountrements and clothing as shall be prescribed, shall be transferred to the mobilization center of his organization.

Section 78. On completion of his training instruction the trainee shall pass into the First Reserve where he shall be assigned to an organization. He shall continue to serve in the First Reserve to include the calendar year in which he shall reach thirty-one years of age. On December thirty-first of the year in which he shall become thirty-one years of age, he shall be transferred to the Second Reserve where he shall be assigned to an organization in that echelon. He shall serve in the Second Reserve to include the calendar year in which he shall become forty-one years of age. On December thirty-first of the calendar year in which he shall become forty-one years of age, he shall be transferred to the Third Reserve in which he may be assigned to an organization. He shall serve in this class until he shall be fifty-one years of age.¹⁰⁹

Section 78-A. It shall be the duty of all reservists, between the ages of twenty-one and fifty-one years, inclusive, whether they belong to the commissioned, enlisted or other relative grades, to register their names with the municipal secretary of the municipality or city of their temporary or permanent residence. For the purpose of this registration, each municipal secretary shall be furnished a registry book by the Chief of Staff. The registry book will contain such data as the Chief of Staff may prescribe: Provided, however, that the duties herein prescribed for municipal secretaries shall be performed by the Chiefs of Police in chartered cities.¹¹⁰

Section 79. Enlisted men of the Reserve Force shall report for physical examination as may be required by theSecretary of National Defense.¹¹¹

ARTICLE VII

PREPARATORY MILITARY TRAINING

Section 80. The purpose of preparatory military training¹¹³ shall be as follows: To develop the national spriti; to make the youth physically strong; to make the youth morally confident, and to prepare the youth for military service.

Section 81. Preparatory military training¹¹⁴ shall begin with the youth in elementary grade school at the age of ten years and shall extend through the remainder of his schooling into college or the university as set forth hereinbefore. In case the youth ceases to attend school, or for any reason shall have no schooling, he shall become liable for service in the Junior Reserve on reaching the age of eighteen years.

Section 82. Preparatory military training¹¹⁵ is compulsory upon the youth attending school and upon others when they shall become eighteen years of age.

Section 83. The physically unfit shall not be required to undergo military training.¹¹⁶Physical fitness shall be determined by a board of medical officers which shall be appointed by the District Commander.¹¹⁷

Section 84. The District Commander¹¹⁸ is charged with the supervision of preparatory military training whichshall be divided by age and school classes, as follows:

(a) Junior cadets; above ten years of age, attending primary and intermediate schools.

(b) High school cadets; attending high or vocational schools.

Section 85. Instructors for cadets shall be assigned from qualified male teachers in school who are members of the Reserve Force or who have satisfactorily completed any course of military instruction which would qualify a person for a commission in the Armed Forced of the Philippines.

Instructors for the Junior Reserve shall be assigned from the officers and men of the Regular Force or of the Reserve Force.

Qualified instructors in the Preparatory Military Training may be required by the Chief of Staff to undergo annual active duty training for not more than thirty days in any calendar year. While undergoing such training they shall be furnished subsistence, suitable quarters and transportation furnishable to reserve officers on annual active duty training.¹²⁰

Section 86. Courses of instruction shall be prescribed by the Chief of Staff.

Section 87. The following persons are exempted from training in the Junior Reserve: Those who are found physically unfit by a medical board; those who are living abroad; and those undergoing any other form of authorized military instruction.121

Section 88. Parents and employers shall be required to compel attendance at preparatory military training. Upon conviction of deliberate failure to discharge this obligation, the responsible parent or employer or both shall be subject to a fine of not to exceed one hundred pesos.

Enrollment in each category of preparatory military training shall be accomplished at such times and under regulations as the Secretary of National Defense may prescribe.122

TITLE IV

GRADES, PAY AND ALLOWANCES

Section 89.¹²³

Section 90. The annual rates of pay and allowances, to be paid monthly, for officers of the Regular Force,Female Nurses and for reserve officers ordered to extended tours of active duty, except probationary third lieutenants,124 shall be as may be prescribed by the President in Executive Orders.125 Pending issue of appropriate Executive Orders, the rates of pay and allowances now prescribed for officers of the Constabulary shall apply to the officers designated in this section: Provided, That due to the high mortality rate among flying personnel, officers whose duty requires regular and frequency aerial flights, shall receive an additional compensation equivalent to twenty-five per centum of the monthly pay received by non-flying personnel of the same rank and grade.¹²⁶

Section 90-A. When an officer of the Regular Force or a Reserve Officer ordered to extended tour of active duty suffers some injury or disease shall not be counted against the annual leave allowance provided in sections five and seven of Commonwealth Act Numbered Two hundred twenty. An injury or disease shall be considered as acquired in line of duty when it is contracted in the service for reasons other than the officer's own misconduct, willful failure, the intemperature use of drugs or alcoholic liquor, or through vicious or immoral habits.¹²⁷

Section 90-B. in the case of an enlisted man of the Regular Force, an injury or disease shall be considered as contracted in line of duty when it is acquired in the service for reasons other than his own misconduct, willful failure, the intemperate use of drugs or alcoholic liquor, or through vicious or immoral habits.¹²⁸

Section 91. ¹²⁹

itc-alf

Section 91-A. ¹³⁰

Section 92. Individuals undergoing training in the grade of probationary second lieutenant shall receive pay as provided in the preceding section for trainees of more than ten months service, except that they shall receive such allowances in cash or in kind as the Chief of Staff may prescribe.¹³¹

Section 93. The members of the Reserve Officers' Training Units shall receive no pay. They shall receive such clothing allowance for uniforms as the Chief of Staff shall direct.

While undergoing instruction as probationary third lieutenants¹³² to qualify as Reserve Officers, they shall receive the pay of trainees and the subsistence allowance prescribed for their grade.

Section 94. Reserve Officers and enlisted members of the Reserve Force on annual active duty training shall receive no pay.¹³³ They shall be furnished subsistence and suitable quarters while engaged on such duty. They shall be furnished transportation or reimbursement therefor, for the travel from their home to the place of active duty and return thereto.¹³⁴

Section 95. Reserve Officers on extended active duty with the Regular Force shall receive pay and allowance,leave with pay, free medical treatment, and other privileges as prescribed by law or regulation for Regular Officers of their respective grades.

Officers of the Army of the United States serving as members of the National Defense Mission may be given during their period of such service, such military offices, rank, command and emoluments as the President of the Philippines may elect. The Commissions conferred upon the officers originally serving as technical advisers shall include one Field Marshall, who shall be known as the Military Adviser.¹³⁵

Section 96. The Junior Cadets, High School Cadets, and Junior Reservists shall receive no pay.

itc-alf

TITLE V

APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS
ARTICLE I
METHOD OF APPROPRIATING, EXPANDING, AND ACCOUNTING FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE FUNDS

Section 97. Public funds for the defense of the Philippines shall be appropriated, expended, and accounted for according to six purposes, as follows:

I Pay and Allowances of Personnel.

II. Maintenance of Personnel.

III. Transportation.

IV. Armament, Equipment, and Supplies.

V. Construction.

VI. Miscellaneous.

Provided, That each purpose shall be divided into items as hereinafter described: Provided, further, That for a period of ten years following the passage of this Act, all funds appropriated for any of the above purposes and remaining unexpended at the end of each fiscal year shall be available in succeeding fiscal years for expenditure under the same purposes only, unless otherwise authorized by the President: Provided, finally,That the President may authorize and direct that purchases of any or all items needed by the Army under any of the above purposes shall be made under the direction of the Chief of Staff without the intervention of the Division of Purchase and Supply of the Department of Finance,¹³⁶any provision of existing law to the contrary nothwithstanding.¹³⁷

PURPOSE I

Personnel

This purpose shall include the following items: Base pay, longevity pay, commutation of quarters, and clothing allowance of officers and enlsited men of the Regular and Reserve and Reserve Forces, the pay and allowance of cadets at the Military Academy, the wages and salaries of civilian employees, agents, and unskilled laborers, the allowances provided by law for persons undergoing trainee instruction, Reserve Officers Training Corps instruction, and Preparatory Military Training and the amount or amounts annually appropriated for the Pension and Retirement Fund of the Army.¹³⁸

PURPOSE II
Maintenance of Personnel

This purpose shall include the following items: Subsistence, sanitation and hospitalization, and quartering of the Regular Force and of the Reserve Force when on active duty, including the lighting, heating, and upkeep of all buildings necessary to the National Defense; the training and education of the Regular and Reserve Forces and of persons undergoing trainee instruction, Reserve Officers Training Corps instruction, and Preparatory Military education for the welfare of the Army, and for burial of members of the Army who die in active service.¹³⁹

PUROSE III

Transportation

This purpose shall include the following items: The authorized travel expenses as fixed by regulations of the civil and military personnel of the army, the authorized transportation of trainees to and from their homes, the authorized travel expenditure of members of the Reserve Force on active duty or when called for regular annual training, the purchase and maintenance of animal and water transportation, the maintenance and upkeep of motor transportation, and the packing and transportation of all armament, equipment, and supplies.

PURPOSE IV

Armament, Equipment, and Supplies

This purpose shall include the following items: Weapons and their component parts, signal, and engineer equipment and supplies, ammunition, quartermaster, medical and air corps supplies and equipment, the supplies for the maintenance and upkeep of mobilization centers, and all items necessary in the development of the National Defense forces.

PURPOSE V

Construction

This purpose shall include the construction of land and sea-coast defenses, the construction of barracks, quarters, hospitals, depots, arsenals and all other building required for the National Defense, and the acquisition of real estate.

PURPOSE VI

Miscellaneous Expenditures

This purpose shall include the miscellaneous expenditures of the various arms and services of the Military Establishment and of the Central General Staff as determined by the President, and the contingencies of the Army; Provided, That all moneys derived from the sale of products and other activities shall be expended as the Chief of Staff may direct, subject to the approval of the Secretary of National Defense.¹⁴⁰

Section 98. ¹⁴¹

TITLE. VI

FINAL PROVISIONS

Section 99. All laws and parts of laws which are inconsistent with this Act, are hereby repealed.

Section 100-101. ¹⁴¹

Section 102. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.

Approved, December 21, 1935.

(source: Philippine Laws and Jurisprudence Data Bank, Atty. Cyrus Torreña Law Office)

War Plan Orange 3(WPO 3) "Rainbow 5"

2010-09-26T01:31:00.000-07:00

Page i
HEARINGS
BEFORE THE
JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE INVESTIGATION
OF THE PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
SEVENTY-NINTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

PURSUANT TO

S. Con. Res. 27

A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING AN
INVESTIGATION OF THE ATTACK ON PEARL
HARBOR ON DECEMBER 7, 1941, AND
EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
RELATING THERETO

PART 33

PROCEEDINGS OF NAVY COURT OF INQUIRY
(Pages 926-985, Exhibit 4,
"Rainbow 5")

Printed for the use of the
Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1946


[i]                             SECRET

                            EXHIBIT No. 4

NAVY DEPARTMENT,

OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS,

Washington, May 26, 1941.

Op-12B-5-McC
(SC)A16(R-5)
Serial 060512

From: The Chief of Naval Operations.
To: Distribution List for WPL-46.

Subject: Promulgation of Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5 (WPL-46).
Enclosures:
   (A) Pages for WPL 46, Registered No. 92, including List of Effective 
       Pages.
   (B) Receipt form in duplicate.

1. Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5 (WPL-46) is promulgated herewith.

2. Report receipt, and check of contents, on the form provided as 
enclosure (B).

3. The highest priority in the preparation of war plans is assigned to 
plans required by WPL-46.

4. It is desired that the preparation and distribution of these plans be 
accomplished with the least possible delay. To this end, all planning 
based upon the directives of WPL-13, WPL-14, WPL-42, and WPL-44 will be 
discontinued until plans based upon WPL 46 are completed.

5. Appendix II, Chapter IX, prescribing the composition of the Naval 
Transportation Service will be issued as a change to this plan. If this 
plan is executed prior to the issue of Chapter IX, specific directives 
will be issued to provide for the initial sea transportation 
requirements of the plan.

Page 927

6. The extreme importance of the security of this Navy Basic War Plan-
Rainbow No. 5 cannot be over-emphasized. In this respect, attention is 
invited to the instructions contained in "The System of War Planning," 
and in the "Registered Publication Manual".

7. Plans and estimates of requirements for the preparation for war 
service of vessels to be taken over from private sources, as indicated 
in the tables of Appendix II, will be classified as confidential. 
Attention is invited to paragraph 1105 of WPL-8.

[ii] 8. This plan shall not be carried in aircraft except by authority 
of the Chief of Naval Operations, and when not in use shall be kept in 
Class "A" stowage as prescribed in the Registered Publication Manual".

9. IT IS FORBIDDEN TO MAKE EXTRACTS FROM OR COPY PORTIONS OF THIS 
PUBLICATION WITHOUT SPECIFIC AUTHORITY FROM THE CHIEF OF NAVAL  
OPERATIONS, EXCEPT IN SUBORDINATE PLANS BASED UPON THIS PUBLICATION.

                                                            H. R. STARK.
[iii]               Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5

                       LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

                                                               Change
Subject Matter                              Page or Sheet No.  in Effect
Letter of Promulgation, CNO Secret Serial 
   060512, (SC)A16(R-5) of May 26, 1941. ....................................................... i, ii               Original
List of Effective Pages ......................................................................................... iii                 Original
Table of Corrections ............................................................................................ iv                  Original
Distribution List .................................................................................................... v, vi               Original
Title Page ............................................................................................................. 1                   Original

Table of Contents ............................................................................................ 2 to 4 inc.         Original

Introduction ....................................................................................................... 5 to 8 inc.         Original

Part I .................................................................................................................... 9, 10               Original

 Chart .................................................................................................................... 11                  Original

Part I (Cont'd) ....................................................................................................... 12                  Original

Part II .................................................................................................................. 13, 14              Original

Part III .............................................................................................................. 15 to 60 inc.       Original

Part IV ............................................................................................................. 61 to 80 inc.       Original

Part V ................................................................................................................. 81, 82              Original

Appendix I ........................................................................................................ 1 to 51 inc.        Original

Appendix II
 Title Page ............................................................................................................. 1                   Original

 Chapter I .............................................................................................................. 2, 3                Original

 Chapter II ............................................................................................................. 4, 5                Original

  Table ATF-1 .................................................................................................... 1 to 3 inc.         Original

 Chapter III .............................................................................................................. 6                   Original

  Table PAF-1 ................................................................................................... 1 to 3 inc.         Original

  Table PAF-2 ........................................................................................................ 1                   Original

 Chapter IV:
  Table SEP-1 ....................................................................................................... 1                   Original

 Chapter V:
  Table ASF-1 ...................................................................................................... 1, 2                Original

 Chapter VI ............................................................................................................ 7                   Original

  Table NE-1 .......................................................................................................... 1                   Original

  Table NE-2 .......................................................................................................... 1                   Original

 Chapter VII:
  Table CNO-1 ...................................................................................................... 1            _      Original

 Chapter VIII ..................................................................................................... 8 to 10 inc.        Original

  Table NACF .................................................................................................... 1 to 5 inc.         Original

  Table SCF ...................................................................................................... 1 to 4 inc.         Original

  Table CACF ........................................................................................................ 1                   Original

  Table PACF ........................................................................................................ 1                   Original

  Table PSCF .................................................................................................... 1 to 3 inc.         Original

  Table PNCF ........................................................................................................ 1                   Original

  Table HCF ........................................................................................................... 1                   Original

  Table PhCF ......................................................................................................... 1                   Original

 Chapter IX ........................................................................................................... 11                  Original


[iv]                     TABLE OF CORRECTIONS

R. P. M. or Change No.   Date of  Signature and rank of officer entering 
                         entry    change.
1                        26-7-44  Marion L. Monsen Ens. U. S. N. R.

Page 928

                                           NAVY DEPARTMENT
                                OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS,
                                       Washington, June 3, 1941.
Op-12B-5-McC
(SC)A16(R-5)
Serial 064112

Secret

From: The Chief of Naval Operations.
To: The Distribution List for WPL-46.
Subject: Change No. 1, WPL-46.
   1. Make the following pen and ink corrections to WPL-46:
   (a) On Page 45 
       Paragraph 3511.a.2.(f), first line-Change 13,400 to 6,400.
       Paragraph 3511.a.2.(g), first line-Change 23,600 to 12,600.
       Paragraph 3511.a.2.(i), first line-Change 44,000 to 23,000.
   (b) On Page 80
       Paragraph 4601, first line,-after "will be" insert "prepared as".
   (c) On Page 30 of Appendix I
       Paragraph 51.a.(13), first line-Change 13,400 to 6,400.
       Paragraph 51.a.(14), first line Change 23,600 to 12,600.
   (d) On Page 31 of Appendix I
       Paragraph 51.a.(16), first line-Change 44,000 to 23,000.
   2. Insert this letter in the front of WPL-46.
   3. The urgency of delivery of this document is such that it will not   
reach the addressees in time by the next available officer courier. The 
originator therefore authorizes the transmission of this document by 
registered mail within the continental limits of the United States.

                                                R. E. INGERSOLL, Acting.

                            DISTRIBUTION LIST
[V]
Official to whom issued                                  Registered Nos.
Commander in Chief. U.S. Pacific Fleet                                 1
Commander, Battle Force                                                        2
Commander, Battleships, Battle Force                                   3
Commander, Battleship Division One (issue withheld)         4
Commander, Battleship Division Two (issue withheld)         5
Commander, Battleship Division Three                                  6
Commander, Battleship Division Five                                     7
Commander, Cruisers, Battle Force                                        8
Commander, Cruiser Division Three, Battle Force                9
Commander, Destroyers, Battle Force                                   10
Commander, Aircraft, Battle Force                                          11
Commander, Minecraft, Battle Force                                       12
Commander, Scouting Force                                                    13
Commander, Cruisers, Scouting Force                                    14
Commander, Aircraft, Scouting Force                                      15
Commander, Submarines, Scouting Force                              16
Commander, Base Force, U. S. Pacific Fleet                           17
Commander in Chief, U. S. Atlantic Fleet                                  18
Commander, Cruisers, Atlantic Fleet                                         19
Commander, Cruiser Division Two, Atlantic Fleet                     20
Commander, Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet                                       21
Commander, Aircraft, Atlantic Fleet                                           22
Commander, Submarines, Atlantic Fleet                                   23
Commander, Support Force, Atlantic Fleet                              24
Commander, Train, Atlantic Fleet                                             25
Commander in Chief, U. S. Asiatic Fleet                               26
Commanding General, Fleet Marine Division                             27
Commanding General, Second Marine Division                            28
Operations-Director, War Plans Division                       29, 30, 31
          -Director, Naval Intelligence Division                      32
          -Director, Naval Communications Division                    33
          -Director, Fleet Maintenance Division                       34
          -Director, Ship Movements Division                          35
          -Director, Naval Districts Division                         36
          -Director, Naval Transportation Service 
            (Issued to Director, Ship Movements Division)             37
Chief of Bureau of Navigation                                     38, 39
Chief of Bureau of Ordnance                                           40
Chief of Bureau of Ships                                              41
Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks                                    42
Chief of Bureau of Aeronautics                                        43
Chief of Bureau of Supplies and Accounts                          44, 45
Chief of Bureau of Medicine and Surgery                               46
[VI] Judge Advocate General, U. S. Navy                               47
Major General Commandant, U. S. Marine Corps                          48
Director, Shore Establishment Division 
 (Office of Assistant Secretary of the Navy)                          49



Page 929

                            DISTRIBUTION LIST-Continued
Official to whom issued                                  Registered nos.
War Plans Division General Staff, War Department                      50
President, Naval War College                                          51
Commandant, First Naval District                                  52, 53
Commandant, Naval Operating Base, Newfoundland                        54
Commandant, Navy Yard, Portsmouth, N. H.                              55
Commandant, Naval Operating Base, Newport, R. I                       56
Commandant, Third Naval District                                  57, 58
Commandant, Fourth Naval District                                 59, 60
Commandant, Fifth Naval District                                  61, 62
Commandant, Naval Operating Base, Bermuda                             63
Commandant, Sixth Naval District                                  64, 65
Commandant, Seventh Naval District                                    66
Commandant, Eighth Naval District                                 67, 68
Commandant, Ninth Naval District                                      69
Commandant, Tenth Naval District                                      70
Commandant, Naval Operating Base, Guantanamo, Cuba                    71
Commandant, Naval Operating Base, Trinidad                            72
Commandant, Eleventh Naval District                               73, 74
Commandant, Twelfth Naval District                                75, 76
Commandant, Thirteenth Naval District                             77, 78
Commandant, Fourteenth Naval District                                 79
Commandant, Fifteenth Naval District                                  80
Commandant, Sixteenth Naval District                                  81
Commanding General, Department of Pacific, U. S. Marine Corps, 
  San Francisco, California                                           82
Commanding General, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va.                    83
Commanding General, Marine Corps Base, San Diego, Calif.              84
Commandant, Naval Station, Tutuila, Samoa                             85
United States Military Mission in London                          86, 87
United States Naval Attache, Ottawa, Canada                           88
British Military Mission in Washington                                89
U. S. Naval Attache, Melbourne, Australia                             90
Registered Publication Section,-Working Copy                          91
Registered Publication Section,-Library Copy                          92
Registered Publication Section,-Reserve Copies 
      93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107

Op-12B-McC                                 NAVY DEPARTMENT,
(SC)A16(R-5)                    OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS,
Serial 071912                          Washington, July 1, 1941.

Secret

From: The Chief of Naval Operations.
To: The Distribution List for WPL-46.
Subject: The establishment of Naval Coastal Frontiers.

Reference:
   (a) GO No. 142.
   (b) GO No. 143.
   (c) WPL-46.

1. The Naval Coastal Frontiers prescribed in paragraphs 3122, 3232 and 
3312 of WPL-46 are hereby established.

2. The boundaries of the Naval Coastal Frontiers are as prescribed in 
Annex I, Appendix I, WPL-46.

3. The command relations prescribed in Part III, Chapter I, Section 3, 
and Part III, Chapter II, Section 4, of WPL-46, are hereby made 
effective and, in accordance with the provisions of these sections, the 
conflicting provisions of General Order No. 142 are suspended.

4. For the present, Naval Coastal Frontier Forces as prescribed in 
General Order No. 143 will not be formed. Vessels assigned to Naval 
Districts and Naval Stations will continue in these assignments, and, 
until further orders, new assignments of vessels will be made to Naval 
Districts or Naval Stations, rather than to Naval Coastal Frontier 
Forces, Naval Coastal Forces, or Naval Local Defense.

5. The Bureau of Navigation will issue orders assigning officers to 
additional duties as Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers as indicated:
   Commandant, 3rd Naval District-Commander, North Atlantic Naval 
     Coastal Frontier;
   Commandant, 6th Naval District-Commander, Southern Naval Coastal
     Frontier;
   Commandant, 10th Naval District-Commander, Caribbean Naval Coastal
     Frontier;
   Commandant, 15th Naval District-Commander, Panama Naval Coastal
     Frontier;



Page 930

   Commandant, 12th Naval District-Commander, Pacific Southern Naval
     Frontier;
   Commandant, 13th Naval District-Commander, Pacific Northern Naval
     Frontier;
   Commandant, 14th Naval District-Commander, Hawaiian Naval Coastal
     Frontier;
   Commandant, 16th Naval District-Commander, Philippine Naval Coastal
     Frontier;

6. The establishment of the Naval Coastal Frontiers, and the orders to 
the commanders thereof, is assigned a RESTRICTED classification. The 
limits of the Naval Coastal Frontiers remain in a SECRET classification.  
Correspondence relating to Naval Coastal Frontiers will be classified 
according to its nature.

7. Transmission of this document by registered mail within the 
continental limits of the United States is authorized.

                                                        /s/ H. R. STARK.
[1]                          W. P. L.-46

                    NAVY BASIC WAR PLAN-RAINBOW NO. 5, 
                           UNITED STATES NAVY

[2]                        TABLE OF CONTENTS

                          Subject                               Page [1]
Introduction:
Chapter I. Origin, Basis, and Scope of this Plan ...................   5
Chapter II. Execution of this Plan .................................   6
 Section I. Execution of the Entire Plan ...........................   6
 Section 2. Execution of a part of this Plan .......................   7
Chapter III. Agreements with Associated Powers other than the 
 British Commonwealth ..............................................   8
Part I. Task Organization, Information and Assumptions:
 Chapter I. Task Organization ......................................   9
 Chart Areas of Responsibility of the Associated Powers ............  11
 Chapter II. Information and Assumptions ...........................  12
Part II. Outline of Tasks: 
 Chapter I. Concept of the War .....................................  13
 Chapter II. The General Task ......................................  14
Part III. Assignment of Tasks: 
 Chapter I. Forces in the Western Atlantic Area ....................  15
  Section 1. The U. S. Atlantic Fleet ..............................  15
  Section 2. The Naval Coastal Frontier Forces .....................  21
  Section 3. Command Relations .....................................  25
 Chapter II. Forces in the Pacific Area ............................  27
  Section 1. The U. S. Pacific Fleet ...............................  27
  Section 2. The Southeast Pacific Force ...........................  31
  Section 3. The Naval Coastal Frontier Forces .....................  33
  Section 4. Command Relations .....................................  36
 Chapter III. Forces in the Far East Area ..........................  38
  Section 1. The U. S Asiatic Fleet and the Philippine Naval 
   Coastal Frontier ................................................  38
 Chapter IV. Forces in the United Kingdom and British Home 
  Waters Area ......................................................  42
  Section 1. The U. S. Naval Forces, North Europe ..................  42
 Chapter V. The Services ...........................................  44
  Section 1. The Naval Transportation Service ......................  44
  Section 2. The Naval Communication Service .......................  47
  Section 3. The Naval Intelligence Service ........................  48
 Chapter VI. The Shore Establishment ...............................  49
 Chapter VII. Instructions Jointly Applicable to Task Forces .......  50
  Section 1. Forming the Task Forces ...............................  50
  Section 2. Mobilization ..........................................  51
[3] Section 3. The Routing and Protection of Shipping ..............  53
  Section 4. Rules of Warfare ......................................  58
  Section 5. Intelligence Liaison between Commanders of 
   Associated Forces in the Field ..................................  60
Part IV. Logistics:
 Chapter I. The Shore Establishment ................................  61
 Chapter II. General Directives ....................................  62
  Section 1. Personnel .............................................  62
  Section 2. Material ..............................................  63
  Section 3. Transportation ........................................  64
  Section 4. Legal Services ........................................  66
  Section 5. Augmentation and Maintenance of the 
   Shore Establishment .............................................  67
  Section 6. Priorities ............................................  68
 Chapter III. The Operating Forces and Services ....................  69
  Section 1. Preparation for War Service ...........................  69
  Section 2. Maintenance ...........................................  73
  Section 3. Augmentation ..........................................  77
 Chapter IV. Advanced Bases ........................................  78
 Chapter V. Salvage ................................................  79
 Chapter VI. Plans to be prepared by the Shore Establishment .......  80
Part V. Special Provisions:
 Chapter I. Exertion of Financial and Economic Pressure ............  81
 Chapter II. Joint Plans Covering Intelligence Service, 
  Censorship and Publicity, and Mobilization of Resources ..........  82

[1] Pages referred to are represented by italic figures enclosed by 
brackets and indicate pages of original exhibit.



Page 931

                                APPENDICES

                                  Subject                       Page [1]

Appendix I. The Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5 .. 1-36
 Annex I. Coastal Frontiers ...................................... 37-51
[4] Appendix II. The Composition of Forces
 Title Page ........................................................   1
 Chapter I. Introduction ...........................................   2
 Chapter II. The U. S. Atlantic Fleet ..............................   4
  Table ATF-1 .............................................. Sheets 1 to
 Chapter III. The U. S. Pacific Fleet ..............................   6
  Table PAF-1 ............................................ Sheets 1 to 3
  Table PAF-2 .................................................. Sheet 1
 Chapter IV. The Southeast Pacific Force
  Table SEP-1 .................................................. Sheet 1
 Chapter V. The U. S. Asiatic Fleet
  Table ASF-1 .............................................. Sheets 1, 2
 Chapter VI. U. S. Naval Forces, North Europe ......................   7
  Table NE-1 ................................................... Sheet 1
  Table NE-2 ................................................... Sheet 1
 Chapter VII. Vessels Operating under the Chief of Naval Operations
  Table CNO-1 .................................................. Sheet 1
 Chapter VIII. Naval Coastal Frontier Forces .......................   8
  Table NACF ............................................. Sheets 1 to 5
  Table SCF .............................................. Sheets 1 to 4
  Table CACF ................................................... Sheet 1
  Table PACF ................................................... Sheet 1
  Table PSCF ............................................. Sheets 1 to 3
  Table PNCF ................................................... Sheet 1
  Table HCF .................................................... Sheet 1
  Table PhCF ................................................... Sheet 1
 Chapter IX. Naval Transportation Service ..........................  11

[5]                          INTRODUCTION

          CHAPTER 1. ORIGIN, BASIS, AND SCOPE OF THIS PLAN

0101. This Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5 was prepared under the
direction of the Chief of Naval Operations.

0102. It is based upon the Report of the United States-British Staff 
Conversations (Short Title ABC-1), the Joint Canada-United States 
Defense Plan (Short Title ABC-22), and the Joint Army and Navy Basic War 
Plan-Rainbow No. 5.

0103. The United States-British Staff Conversations (ABC-1) and the 
Joint Canada-United States Defense Plan (ABC-22) will be given only a 
limited distribution to holders of this plan. These documents are 
referred to in this plan by their short titles. Their essential 
features, so far as concerns war operations, are incorporated in the 
Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5, which is included in 
this plan as Appendix I.

0104. This plan provides for the initial organization, composition of 
forces and tasks for the Naval Establishment in a Rainbow No. 5 War.

0105. After the execution of this plan has been directed, no attempt 
will be made to maintain the tables of Appendix II corrected up to date. 
Changes in the composition of forces will be made by direction of the 
Chief of Naval Operations and shown subsequently in the "Assignment of 
Units in the Organization of the Seagoing Forces of the U. S. Navy," and 
in the "Assignment of Units to Naval Districts and Naval Stations."

[6]               CHAPTER II. EXECUTION OF THIS PLAN

Section 1. EXECUTION OF THE ENTIRE PLAN

0211. a. Upon the receipt of the following ALNAV dispatch, the Naval
Establishment will proceed with the execution of this plan in its 
entirety, including acts of war: "EXECUTE NAVY BASIC WAR PLAN RAINBOW 
No. 5".

b. The date of the above dispatch will be M-day unless it has been 
otherwise designated.

[7] Section 2. EXECUTION OF A PART OF THIS PLAN

0221. A preliminary period of strained relations of uncertain duration 
is anticipated, during which time certain preliminary steps provided for 
in this plan may be directed by the Chief of Naval Operations.

0222. Mobilization may be directed prior to directing the execution of 
this plan or any part thereof. The order to mobilize does not authorize 
acts of war.

[1] Pages referred to are represented by italic figures enclosed by 
brackets and indicate pages of original exhibit.



Page 932

0223. This plan may be executed in part by a dispatch indicating the 
nations to be considered enemy, the tasks to be executed, or excepted, 
and the preliminary measures to be taken in preparation for the 
execution of the entire plan or additional tasks thereof.

[8]  CHAPTER III. AGREEMENTS WITH ASSOCIATED POWERS OTHER THAN THE
BRITISH COMMONWEALTH

0301. The substance of agreements reached with Associated Powers other 
than those with the British Commonwealth, including Canada, insofar as 
they relate to the operation of naval forces, will be made available to 
the holders of this plan as soon as made, by revision of this Chapter 
III of the Introduction.

0302. Brazil, for the purposes of defense of the Western Hemisphere, has 
agreed to permit United States naval forces to use the ports of RECIFE 
and BAHIA.

a. There is at present no time limit on the duration of stay in these 
ports.

b. They are available for refreshment and upkeep, and for the purchase 
and delivery of fuel, consumable supplies and fresh provisions within 
the limited capacities of the ports.

c A United States Naval Observer is stationed at each port 

d. On first entry, two days confidential advance notice of arrival 
should be given to the United States Naval Observer at the port via the 
United States Naval Attache, Rio de Janeiro. This notice should include 
information in regard to communicable diseases and last port visited. 
Pratique and customs clearance are not required. 

e. For repeated entry, incident to extended operations in the vicinity, 
local arrangements as to notice may be made with the Brazilian Captain 
of the Port, through the United States Naval Observer. 

[9]   PART I. TASK: ORGANIZATION. INFORMATION AND ASSUMPTIONS

                   CHAPTER I. TASK ORGANIZATION

1101. The task organization, by which this Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow 
No. 5 will be executed, under the direction of the Chief of Naval 
Operations, is prescribed below: 

a. THE OPERATING FORCES, under command of the Chief of Naval Operations. 
   1. THE UNITED STATES ATLANTIC FLEET, under command of the Commander 
      in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET.
   2. THE UNITED STATES PACIFIC FLEET, under command of the Commander in 
      Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET. 
   3. THE UNITED STATES SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE, under command of the 
      Commander, SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE.
   4. THE UNITED STATES ASIATIC FLEET, under command of the Commander in 
      Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET 
   5. THE UNITED STATES NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE under command of the 
      Commander in Chief, U. S. NAVAL FORCES NORTH EUROPE. 
   6. THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES, under the command of the 
      Commanders NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIERS, consisting of:
        (a) THE NAVAL COASTAL FORCES;
        (b) THE NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCES.

b. THE SERVICES, under command of the Chief of Naval Operations. 
   1. THE NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE. 
   2. THE NAVAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE. 
   3. THE NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE. 

c. THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT, under the direction of the appropriate 
Chiefs of Bureaus, and Heads of Offices of the Navy Department. 

[10]  1102. Major areas of command and instructions concerning 
responsibility for the strategic direction of military forces therein 
are set forth in Appendix I, "Section V". In paragraph 3222 of this plan 
is defined an additional sub-area, designated as the "SOUTHEAST PACIFIC 
SUB-AREA." In Annex I, of Appendix I, are the sub-areas which are 
included in the Naval Coastal Frontiers.



Page 933

11403. Command over naval forces in the areas and sub-areas for which 
the United States has accepted responsibility for the strategic 
direction of operations will be exercised by the appropriate United 
States naval commanders listed in paragraph 1101 a. of this plan, 
subject to the special conditions set forth in Appendix I, "Section V." 

(At this point in Exhibit No. 4 there appears a map of the world showing 
"Areas of Responsibility of the Associated flowers." This map will be 
found reproduced as Item No. 1, EXHIBIT-ILLUSTRATIONS, Navy Court of 
Inquiry. These illustrations are bound together following the printed 
exhibits of the Naval Court of Inquiry.) 

[12]             CHAPTER II. INFORMATION AND ASSUMPTIONS

1201. Assumptions are as stated in Appendix I, "Section III." 

[13]

                     PART II. OUTLINE OF TASKS

                   CHAPTER I. CONCEPT OF THE WAR

2101. The Concept of the War is as stated in Appendix I, "Section IV."

[14]

                   CHAPTER II. THE GENERAL TASK

2201. The Joint Army and Navy General Task is set forth in paragraph 24 
of Appendix I 

2202. The Navy General Task is as follows: 

a. The Naval Establishment, in cooperation with the Army and the forces 
of the other Associated Powers, will: 
   1. Destroy Axis sea communications in the WESTERN ATLANTIC 
      AREA, in the PACIFIC AREA east of 180 , and through the MALAY 
      BARRIER in the FAR EAST AREA; 
   2. Raid Axis forces and sea communications in the PACIFIC and FAR 
      EAST AREAS, and in the EASTERN ATLANTIC and the WESTERN 
      MEDITERRANEAN; 
   3. Protect the sea communications of the Associated Powers in United 
      States Areas, and support the defense of sea communications in the 
      UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA, in the FAR EAST AREA, 
      and to the eastward of AUSTRALIA; 
   4. Prevent the extension in the Western Hemisphere of European or 
      Asiatic military power, and support the defense of the territory 
      of the Associated Powers in the FAR EAST AREA; and
   5. Prepare to capture the AZORES, CAPE VERDE, MARSHALL, and 
      CAROLINE ISLANDS. 
[15]                PART III. ASSIGNMENT OF TASKS

          CHAPTER I. FORCES IN THE WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA

Section 1. THE U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET

3111. The U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET (Chapter II, Appendix II) will initially 
be organized into task forces as follows: 

a. OCEAN ESCORT;
b. STRIKING FORCE;
c. SOUTHERN PATROL FORCE; 
d. SUBMARINE FORCE ONE;
e. SUBMARINE FORCE TWO;
f. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE;
g. NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE;
h. U. S. NAVAL OPERATING BASE, BERMUDA; 
i. ADDITIONAL TASK FORCES AS DIRECTED BY THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF, U. S. 
ATLANTIC FLEET. 

3112. The U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET is assigned the following tasks within 
the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA: 



Page 934

Section 1. THE U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET-Continued

a. TASK
   PROTECT THE SEA COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS BY ESCORTING, 
   COVERING, AND PATROLLING, AS REQUIRED BY CIRCUMSTANCES, AND BY 
   DESTROYING ENEMY RAIDING FORCES (see Part III, Chapter V, Section 1); 

b. TASK 
   DESTROY AXIS SEA COMMUNICATIONS BY CAPTURING OR DESTROYING 
   VESSELS TRADING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY WITH THE ENEMY 

[16]

c. TASK 
   PROTECT THE TERRITORY OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS AND PREVENT THE 
   EXTENSION OF ENEMY MILITARY POWER INTO THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE, BY 
   DESTROYING HOSTILE EXPEDITIONARY FORCES AND BY SUPPORTING LAND AND 
   AIR FORCES IN DENYING THE ENEMY THE USE OF LAND POSITIONS IN THAT 
   HEMISPHERE; 

d. TASK 
   IN COOPERATION WITH BRITISH FORCES AND THE U. S. ARMY, DEFEND BERMUDA 
   IN CATEGORY "C"; 

e. TASK 
   COVER THE OPERATIONS OF THE U. S. NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES;

f. TASK 
   PREPARE TO OCCUPY THE AZORES AND THE CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. 

3113. a. So far as practicable, the naval forces in the WESTERN ATLANTIC 
AREA will be covered and supported against attack by superior enemy 
surface forces, by the naval forces of the Associated Powers which are 
operating from bases in the UNITED KINGDOM and the EASTERN ATLANTIC. 

b. Forces operating normally in the UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME 
WATERS AREA, the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA, and the SOUTH ATLANTIC AREA, which 
move temporarily into the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA in pursuance of their 
assigned tasks, will remain under the strategic direction of the United 
Kingdom Chief of Naval Staff. They will be supported by the naval forces 
in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA as necessary and practicable. 

3114. a. SUBMARINE FORCE TWO will operate under the strategic direction 
of the Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, until its arrival in 
the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA. 

[17] b. This force will be assigned the following task by the Commander 
in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET: 
   1. TASK 
      PROCEED FROM BASES IN THE UNITED STATES TO GIBRALTAR, WHEN SO 
      DIRECTED BY THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS. 

c. After arrival of SUBMARINE FORCE TWO in the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA this 
force will execute the following task: 

   1. TASK 
      RAID ENEMY SHIPPING IN THE MEDITERRANEAN UNDER THE STRATEGIC 
      DIRECTION OF THE BRITISH COMMANDER IN CHIEF, MEDITERRANEAN, ACTING 
      THROUGH THE BRITISH (OR UNITED STATES) FLAG OFFICER COMMANDING 
      NORTH ATLANTIC. 

d. SUBMARINE FORCE TWO will remain a part of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET 
for administrative purposes. 

3115. a. THE NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE and SUBMARINE FORCE THREE will 
operate under the strategic direction of the Commander in Chief U. S. 
ATLANTIC FLEET, until their arrival in the UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH 
HOME WATERS AREA.



Page 935

b. These forces will each be assigned the following task by the 
Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET:
   1. TASK
      PROCEED FROM BASES IN THE UNITED STATES TO BASES IN THE UNITED 
      KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA, WHEN SO DIRECTED BY THE 
      CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS.
[18] c. Upon arrival in UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA, the 
NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE and SUBMARINE FORCE THREE will be detached from 
the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET and be assigned to U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH 
EUROPE. Their tasks thereafter are to be found in Part III, Chapter IV. 
Section 1.

3116. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, will arrange for 
the logistic support for the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET (see Part IV, Chapter 
III, Section 2) operating in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA from sources 
designated by the Shore Establishment in the continental United States 
and outlying possessions and bases in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA, and 
from United States and foreign (outside the British Isles) commercial 
sources. For this purpose he will employ the transportation facilities 
of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, which will be supplemented, as required, by 
those of the Naval Transportation Service. 

b. Logistic support for SUBMARINE FORCE TWO, and other United States 
forces operating in the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA, will be arranged as 
indicated herein. Transportation will be provided by the Naval 
Transportation Service. 

   1. Fuel and subsistence stores from United States naval auxiliaries, 
      supplemented as may be practicable from British sources available 
      in the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA.
   2. Personnel, technical supplies, and ammunition from United States 
      sources. 
   3. Repair and upkeep facilities from tender and cargo vessels, and 
      temporary shore facilities erected by the United States, 
      supplemented by use of available British facilities. 
   4. Replacement of British fuel and subsistence stores from United 
      States sources.

[19] c. In emergency circumstances where the transportation facilities 
of the Naval Transportation Service are inadequate for the logistic 
support of SUBMARINE FORCE TWO, or of other U. S. Naval forces operating 
in the NORTH ATLANTIC AREA, the Senior U. S. Naval Officer of forces 
based in that area is authorized to charter, on a time charter basis, 
vessels immediately obtainable by him for the purpose of providing his 
forces with urgent logistic deficiencies. Vessels of United States 
registry will be employed, if available.

d. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, will establish in the 
office of the Chief of Naval Operations an officer of the staff of the 
Commander TRAIN, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, who will have liaison duties with 
respect to the quantities and the transportation of logistic 
requirements, including personnel, for the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET. 

e. Logistic support for the NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE and SUBMARINE FORCE 
THREE, after transfer to the U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, will be 
provided as directed in Part III, Chapter IV, Section 1. 

3117. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, will require the 
preparation of the following plans: 
   1. U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET OPERATING PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5 (Navy Plan O-3, 
      RAINBOW No. 5);
   2. NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE MOVEMENT PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5. (Navy Plan O-
      3-A, RAINBOW No. 5), covering the movement of this force and the 
      first movement of Army troops to ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and NORTH 
      IRELAND (See paragraph 3511 a. 2. (b));
   3. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE MOVEMENT PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5 (Navy Plan O-3-
      B, RAINBOW No. 5) covering the movement of this force to the 
      UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA;  



Page 936

   4. Such other subordinate task force operating [20] plans as the 
      Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, may direct, including 
      the movement plan for SUBMARINE FORCE TWO. No operating plan for 
      SUBMARINE FORCE TWO, for operations after arrival in the NORTH 
      ATLANTIC AREA, need be prepared. 

b. 1. Plans listed under a. 1, 2, 3, and 4, will be reviewed by the 
      Chief of Naval Operations. 
   2. Plans may be distributed before review and acceptance. 

[21] Section 2. THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES

3121. a. The organization of NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES is prescribed 
in General Order No. 143. 

b. The boundaries of Coastal Frontiers, Naval Coastal Frontiers, Coastal 
Zones Sectors, and Sub-sectors, are defined in Joint Action of the Army 
and the Navy 1935, as modified by Annex I of Appendix I. 

3122. The Naval Coastal Frontiers in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA are: 

a. THE NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER; 
b. THE SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER;
c. THE CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER; 
d. THE PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER. 

   1. All tasks assigned to the PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER are 
      contained in this Section, including those for the PACIFIC SECTOR. 

3123. The NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES (Chapter VIII, Appendix II) in 
the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA are assigned the following tasks: 

a. TASK 
   DEFEND THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER IN CATEGORIES INDICATED BELOW:
   CATEGORY B-THE NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER.
             -THE SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER.
   CATEGORY D-THE CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER.
             -THE PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER.

[22]
b. TASK
   PROTECT AND ROUTE SHIPPING IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED 
   IN PART III, CHAPTER VII, SECTION 3;

c. TASK 
   SUPPORT THE U. S. ATLANTIC. FLEET; 

d. TASK 
   SUPPORT ARMY AND ASSOCIATED FORCES WITHIN THE COASTAL FRONTIER.

e. In addition, the NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES of the PANAMA NAVAL 
COASTAL FRONTIER are assigned the following task: 
   1. TASK 
      SUPPORT THE U. S. SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE. 

3124. a. The following plans will be prepared: 
   1. Local Joint Plans as prescribed in Appendix I, paragraph 48, of 
      this plan;
   2. By the Commanders, NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, and 
      SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER: 
      (a) Naval Coastal Frontier Operating Plans-RAINBOW No. 6, 
          including an annex covering the operating plans of the Naval 
          Coastal Force. (Naval Coastal Frontier Plans O-4, RAINBOW 
          No. 5); 
   3. By Commanders, CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER and PANAMA NAVAL 
      COASTAL FRONTIER, and by Commandants FIRST, THIRD, FOURTH, FIFTH, 
      SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND EIGHTH NAVAL DISTRICTS:
[23]
      (a) Naval Local Defense Force Operating Plans-RAINBOW 
          No. 5 (Naval District Plans O-5, RAINBOW No. 5) 
      (b) Joint Embarkation Plans as required in Appendix I, 
          paragraph 48; 
   4. Additional subordinate task force operating plans as directed by 
      Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers, and Commandants of Naval 
      Districts 
b. 1. Joint Coastal Frontier Defense Plans, and other plans prepared by 
      the Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers, will be reviewed by the 
      Chief of Naval Operations.



Page 937

   2. Operating Plans prepared by the Commandants of Naval Districts 
      will be reviewed by the respective Commanders, Naval Coastal 
      Frontiers. 
   3. Subordinate Task Force Operating Plans will be reviewed by the 
      respective Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers, or Commandants of 
      Naval Districts. 
   4. (a) Naval Coastal Frontier Force Operating Plans for the NORTH 
          ATLANTIC and SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIERS, and Naval Local 
          Defense Force Operating Plans for the CARIBBEAN and PANAMA 
          NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIERS will be forwarded to the Commander in 
          Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET for comment, prior to their review 
          by the Chief of Naval Operations, with a view to their 
          coordination with the Operating Plans of the U. S. ATLANTIC 
          FLEET. 
      (b) Such portions of Naval Local Defense Force Operation Plans and 
          Naval District Contributory Plans, as relate to the protection 
          of fleet anchorages and to services to the U. S.  [24]  
          ATLANTIC FLEET, will be referred to the Commander in Chief, U. 
          S. ATLANTIC FLEET for comment if he so requests. 
   5. Plans may be distributed before review and acceptance. 

[25] Section S. COMMAND RELATIONS

3131. In order to provide for unity of command of task groups of the U. 
S. ATLANTIC FLEET and the NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES, in the 
execution of tasks requiring mutual support, the following provisions 
shall apply: 
   a. On M-day, or sooner if directed by the Chief of Naval Operations, 
the Commander, NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, the SOUTHERN NAVAL 
COASTAL FRONTIER, the CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, and the 
Commander, PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER so far as regards operations in 
the ATLANTIC SECTOR, are assigned a dual status as follows: 
   1. As commanders of their respective Naval Coastal Frontier Forces 
      operating under the orders of the Chief of Naval Operations
   2. As officers of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, operating under the 
      orders of the Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, in command 
      of task groups of that fleet, when and as directed by the 
      Commander in Chief thereof.

b. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, may thereafter require 
the Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers to place under his command, 
temporarily and for particular purposes, task groups of their Naval 
Coastal Frontier Forces. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, 
will, when taking temporary command of such task forces, have due regard 
to the tasks assigned in this plan to the Commanders, Naval Coastal 
Frontiers. 
   1. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET will not require task 
      groups of the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces to leave the limits of 
      their respective Coastal Zones, except in emergency, or upon the 
      authority of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

[26] c. Conflicting provisions of General Order No. 142 are suspended 
while the provisions of this paragraph are in effect. 

3132. The NAVAL OPERATING BASE BERMUDA, by this plan is assigned as a 
unit of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, both for administrative and task 
purposes. 

3133. In addition to having general authority over the operation of the 
Naval Local Defense Forces, the Commander, NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL 
FRONTIER and the Commander, SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER have 
authority to coordinate the activities of the Commandants of the Naval 
Districts within their respective Naval Coastal Frontiers, in matters 
that concern the Naval Communication Service, the Naval Intelligence 
Service, and the Naval Transportation Service. Due consideration will be 
given to the requirements of the tasks assigned to these services by the 
Chief of Naval Operations. 

3134. a. Commanders of Naval Coastal Frontiers may reassign temporarily 
to the Naval Local Defense Forces under their command, vessels and 
aircraft assigned by the Chief of Naval Operations to the Naval Coastal 
Force. 

b. Except as provided for in the preceding sub-paragraph, Commanders of 
Naval Coastal Frontiers will not change the assignment of vessels made 
by the 
 


Page 938

Chief of Naval Operations to Naval Coastal Forces and Naval Local 
Defense Forces except in emergency or upon the authority of the Chief of 
Naval Operations.

3135. Command relations between United States and Canadian Forces will 
be set forth in the Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5, 
Appendix I, after ABC-22 has been approved.

[27]          CHAPTER II. FORCES IN THE PACIFIC AREA

Section 1. THE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET

3211. The U. S. PACIFIC FLEET (Chapter III, Appendix II) will be 
organized into task forces as follows: 
   a. Task forces as directed by the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC 
      FLEET; 
   b. NAVAL STATION, SAMOA 
   c. NAVAL STATION, GUAM. 

3212. The U. S. PACIFIC FLEET is assigned the following tasks within the 
PACIFIC AREA: 
   a. TASK 
      SUPPORT THE FORCES OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS IN THE FAR EAST BY 
      DIVERTING ENEMY STRENGTH AWAY FROM THE MALAY BARRIER, THROUGH THE 
      DENIAL AND CAPTURE OF POSITIONS IN THE MARSHALLS, AND THROUGH 
      RAIDS ON ENEMY SEA COMMUNICATIONS AND POSITIONS;
   b. TASK 
      PREPARE TO CAPTURE AND ESTABLISH CONTROL OVER THE CAROLINE AND 
      MARSHALL ISLAND AREA, AND TO ESTABLISH AN ADVANCED FLEET BASE IN 
      TRUK; 
   c. TASK 
      DESTROY AXIS SEA COMMUNICATIONS BY CAPTURING OR DESTROYING VESSELS 
      TRADING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY WITH THE ENEMY; 
   d. TASK
      SUPPORT BRITISH NAVAL FORCES IN THE AREA SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR AS 
      FAR WEST AS LONGITUDE 155  EAST; 
[28]
   e. TASK 
      DEFEND SAMOA IN CATEGORY "D";
   f. TASK 
      DEFEND GUAM IN CATEGORY "F"; 
   g. TASK 
      PROTECT THE SEA COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS BY 
      ESCORTING, COVERING, AND PATROLLING AS REQUIRED BY CIRCUMSTANCES, 
      AND BY DESTROYING ENEMY RAIDING FORCES (See Part III, Chapter V, 
      Section 1); 
   h. TASK
      PROTECT THE TERRITORY OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS IN THE PACIFIC AREA 
      AND PREVENT THE EXTENSION OF ENEMY MILITARY POWER INTO THE WESTERN 
      HEMISPHERE BY DESTROYING HOSTILE EXPEDITIONS AND BY SUPPORTING 
      LAND AND AIR FORCES IN DENYING THE ENEMY THE USE OF LAND POSITIONS 
      IN THAT HEMISPHERE; 
   i. TASK 
      COVER THE OPERATIONS OF THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES; 
   j. TASK 
      ESTABLISH FLEET CONTROL ZONES, DEFINING THEIR LIMITS FROM TIME TO 
      TIME AS CIRCUMSTANCES REQUIRE; 
   k. TASK 
      ROUTE SHIPPING OF ASSOCIATED POWERS WITHIN THE FLEET CONTROL 
      ZONES. 
[29]
3213. a. Units assigned to the ATLANTIC REINFORCEMENT in Chapter III, 
Appendix II, will be transferred from the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, to the U. 
S. ATLANTIC FLEET, when directed by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

b. The SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE (Chapter IV, Appendix II), will be 
established under the immediate command of the Chief of Naval 
Operations, when so directed by that officer. 

c. Until detached, the units assigned to the ATLANTIC REINFORCEMENT and 
the SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE will be under the command of the Commander 
in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, and may be employed as desired 



Page 939

by him, so long as they remain in the PACIFIC AREA. They shall not be 
sent such distances from PEARL HARBOR as would prevent their arrival in 
the CANAL ZONE twenty-one days after the Chief of Naval Operations 
directs their transfer from the PACIFIC AREA. 

3214. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will arrange for 
the logistic support of the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET from sources in 
continental United States and in the FOURTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT 
designated by the Shore Establishment, and from United States and 
foreign commercial sources. (See Part IV, Chapter III, Section 2.) For 
this purpose he will employ the transportation facilities of the U. S. 
PACIFIC FLEET, which will be supplemented as required by those of the 
Naval Transportation Service. 

b. To the extent practicable, the services of the Naval Transportation 
Service ill be restricted to supplementing the movement of logistic 
supplies, including personnel, between the continental United States and 
OAHU. 

c. The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will establish in the 
Office of the Commander, PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, an 
officer of the staff of the Commander, BASE FORCE, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, 
who will have liaison duties with respect to the quantities and 
transportation of logistic requirements, including personnel, to be 
delivered into the Fleet Control Zones. The Commander in Chief, U. S. 
PACIFIC FLEET, may, at his discretion, establish similar liaison 
officers in the offices of the Commanders of other Naval Coastal 
Frontiers. 

[30]

3215. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will require the 
following plans to be prepared: 

   1. THE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET OPERATING PLAN-RAINBOW No. 6 (Navy Plan O-
      1, RAINBOW No. 5); 
   2. A plan for the execution of TASK b. of paragraph 3212, assuming 
      the availability of approximately 30,000 Army troops in addition 
      to forces of the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, and assuming that the task 
      will be executed on 180M; 
   3. NAVAL STATION, SAMOA, NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE OPERATING PLAN-
      RAINBOW No. 5 (Naval Station Samoa Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5) 
   4. Such other subordinate task force operating plans as the Commander 
      in Chief U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, may direct. 
b. 1. Plans listed under a. 1. and 2, will be reviewed by the Chief of  
      Naval Operations. 
   2. The NAVAL STATION GUAM Naval Local Defense Force Operating Plan-
      RAINBOW No. 3 will be applicable, and no additional plan need be 
      prepared. 
   NOTE: The Commandant, Naval Station, GUAM, is not included in the 
     distribution of this Navy Basic War Plan-RAINBOW No. 5.

[31]

Section B. THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE

3221. The SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE (Chapter IV, Appendix II) will be 
established under the immediate command of the Chief of Naval Operations 
upon its arrival in the CANAL ZONE. 

3222. This force will base on the Naval Operating Base, BALBOA, or in 
SOUTH AMERICAN ports as may later be directed, and will operate in the 
SOUTHEAST PACIFIC SUB-AREA, delimited as that part of the PACIFIC AREA 
south of the PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, and between he west coast of 
South America and approximately Longitude 95  West. 

3223. The SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE is assigned the following tasks: 
a. TASK 
   DESTROY AXIS SEA COMMUNICATIONS BY CAPTURING OR DESTROYING VESSELS 
   TRADING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY WITH THE ENEMY; 
b. TASK 
   PROTECT SEA COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS BY ESCORTING, 
   COVERING, OR PATROLLING AS REQUIRED BY CIRCUMSTANCES, AND BY 
   DESTROYING ENEMY RAIDING FORCES; 
c. TASK 
   SUPPORT THE OPERATIONS OF THE PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES IN 
   THE PACIFIC SECTOR; 
d. TASK 
   PROMOTE THE INTERESTS OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS IN THE NATIONS ON THE    
   WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA. 



Page 940

[32] 3224. a. The Commander SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE, will arrange for 
the logistic support of the SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE from Shore 
Establishment sources in the FIFTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT, and from foreign 
commercial sources (See Part IV, Chapter III, Section 2.). 
Transportation will be provided by the Naval Transportation Service. 

b. In circumstances where transportation facilities provided by the 
NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE are inadequate, the Commander, SOUTHEAST 
PACIFIC FORCE, is authorized to charter on a time charter basis, vessels 
immediately obtainable by him, for the purpose of providing his forces 
with urgent logistic deficiencies. Vessels of United States registry 
will be employed, if available 

3225. a. The Commander, SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE, will require the 
preparation of the following plans: 

   1. U. S. SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE OPERATING PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5 (Navy 
      Plan 0-3-C, RAINBOW No. 5); 
   2. Such subordinate task force operating plans as the Commander, 
      SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE, may direct. 

b. 1. The plan listed under a. 1. will be reviewed by the Chief of Naval       
Operations.
   2. Plans may be distributed before review and acceptance.

[33] Section 3. THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES

3231. a. The organization of the NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES is 
prescribed in General Order No. 143. 

b. The boundaries of Coastal Frontiers, Naval Coastal Frontiers, Coastal 
Zones, Sectors, and Sub-sectors, are defined in "Joint Action of the 
Army and the Navy, 1935," as modified by Annex I of Appendix I. 

3232. The Naval Coastal Frontiers in the PACIFIC AREA are: 

a. PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER; 

b. PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER; 

c. HAWAIIAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER. 

3233. The NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES (Chapter VIII, Appendix II) in 
the PACIFIC AREA are assigned the following tasks: 

a. TASK 
   DEFEND THE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIERS IN CATEGORIES INDICATED BELOW:          
   CATEGORY B-THE PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER
             -THE PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, EXCEPT THE
              ALASKAN SECTOR
   CATEGORY C-THE ALASKAN SECTOR OF THE PACIFIC  NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL   
              FRONTIER EXCEPT UNALASKA.
   CATEGORY D-UNALASKA.-THE HAWAIIAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER;

[34]

b. TASK
   PROTECT AND ROUTE SHIPPING IN ACCORDANCE WITH INSTRUCTIONS CONTAINED 
   IN PART III, CHAPTER VII, SECTION 3;
c. TASK
   SUPPORT THE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET; 
d. TASK 
   SUPPORT THE ARMY AND ASSOCIATED FORCES WITHIN THE COASTAL FRONTIERS. 

3234. a. The following plans will be prepared: 

   1. Local Joint Plans as prescribed in Appendix I, paragraph 48;
   2. By the Commander, PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER: 
     (a) Naval Coastal Frontier Operating Plan-RAINBOW No. 5, 
         including an annex covering the operating plan of the Naval 
         Coastal Force (Naval Coastal Frontier Plan O-4, RAINBOW No, 5) 
   3. By Commanders, PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, HAWAIIAN 
      NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, and by the Commandant, ELEVENTH and 
      TWELFTH NAVAL DISTRICTS: 
      (a) Naval Local Defense Force Operating Plans-RAINBOW No. 5 
          (Naval District Plans O-5, RAINBOW No. 5); 
      (b) Joint Embarkation Plans as required in Appendix I, paragraph 
          48;



Page 941

[35]

   4. Additional subordinate task force operating plans as directed by 
      Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers, and Commandants of Naval 
b. 1. Joint Coastal Frontier Defense Plans and other plans prepared by 
      Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers, will be reviewed by the Chief 
      of Naval Operations. 
   2. Operating plans prepared by Commandants of Naval Districts will be 
      reviewed by the respective Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers. 
   3. (a) Naval Coastal Frontier Operating Plans for the PACIFIC 
          SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, and Naval Local Defense Force 
          Operating Plans for the HAWAIIAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER will 
          be forwarded to the Commander in Chief U. S. PACIFIC FLEET for 
          comment prior to their review by the Chief of Naval Operations 
          with a view to their coordination with the Operating Plans of 
          the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET 
      (b) Such portions of Naval Local Defense Force Operating Plans and 
          Naval District Contributory Plans as relate to the protection 
          of fleet anchorages and to services to the U. S. PACIFIC 
          FLEET, will be referred to the Commander in Chief, U. S.   
          PACIFIC FLEET for comment, if he so requests. 
   4. Plans may be distributed before review and acceptance. 

[36]

Section 4. COMMAND RELATIONS

3241. In order to provide for unity of command of task groups of the U. 
S. PACIFIC FLEET and of the PACIFIC NORTHERN and PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL 
COASTAL FRONTIERS, in the execution of tasks requiring mutual support, 
the following provisions shall apply (see paragraph 3242): 

   a. On M-day, or sooner if directed by the Chief of Naval Operations, 
      the Commanders, PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER and 
      PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER will be assigned a dual 
      status as follows: 
      1. As commanders of their respective Naval Coastal Frontier Forces 
         operating under the orders of the Chief of Naval Operations. 
      2. As officers of the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET operating under the 
         orders of the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, in 
         command of task groups of that fleet when and as directed by 
         the Commander in Chief thereof. 
   b. The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, may thereafter 
      require the Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers to place under his 
      command, temporarily and for particular purposes, task groups of 
      their Naval Coastal Frontier Forces. The Commander in Chief, U. S. 
      PACIFIC FLEET, when taking temporary command of such task forces, 
      will have due regard for the tasks assigned in this plan to the 
      Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers by the Chief of Naval 
      Operations. 
      1. The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will not require 
         task groups of the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces to leave the 
         limits of their respective Coastal Zones, except in emergency, 
         or upon authority of the Chief of Naval Operations. 
   c. Conflicting provisions of General Order No. 142 are suspended 
      while the provisions of this paragraph are in effect. 

[37] 

3242. The provisions of paragraph 3241 above, apply to the command 
relations of the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, and the 
Commander, HAWAIIAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, except that the 
circumstances under which its provisions are applicable are not 
restricted to the execution of tasks requiring mutual support, but apply 
in all circumstances. 

3243. The Chief of Naval Operations will direct the Commander, SOUTHEAST 
PACIFIC FORCE, to operate under the strategic direction of the Commander 
in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, if coordinated action of that force and 
the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET becomes necessary. The Chief of Naval Operations 
will be informed by the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, if this 
situation arises. 

3244. In addition to having general authority over the operation of the 
Naval Local Defense Forces, the Commander, PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL 
COASTAL FRONTIER, has authority to coordinate the activities of the 
Commandants of the Naval Districts within his respective Naval Coastal 
Frontier in 



Page 942

matters that concern the Naval Communication Service, the Naval 
Intelligence Service, and the Naval Transportation Service. Due 
consideration will be given to the requirements of the tasks assigned to 
these services by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

3245. a. Commanders of Naval Coastal Frontiers may reassign, temporarily 
to the Naval Local Defense Forces under their command, vessels and 
aircraft assigned by the Chief of Naval Operations to the Naval Coastal 
Force. 

b. Except as provided for in the preceding sub-paragraph, Commanders of 
Naval Coastal Frontiers will not change the assignment of vessels made 
by the Chief of Naval Operations to Naval Coastal Forces and Naval Local 
Defense Forces except in emergency or upon the authority of the Chief of 
Naval Operations. 

3246. Command relations between United States and Canadian Forces will 
be set forth in the Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-Rainbow No. 5, 
Appendix I, after ABC-22 has been approved. 

[38]          CHAPTER III. FORCES IN THE FAR EAST AREA

Section 1. THE U. S. ASIATIC FLEET AND THE PHILIPPINE NAVAL COASTAL 
FRONTIER 

3311. The following is quoted from Appendix I, paragraph 16.b.:

                         "Far East Area

   "Coordination in the planning and execution of operations by Military   
   forces of the United States. British Commonwealth, and Netherlands   
   East Indies, in the FAR EAST AREA will, subject to the approval of   
   the Dutch authorities, be effected as follows: 
   "(1) The commanders of the Military forces of the Associated Powers 
        will collaborate in the formulation of strategic plans for 
        operations in that area. 
   "(2) The defense of the territories of the Associated Powers will be 
        the responsibility of the respective commanders of the Military 
        forces concerned. These commanders will make such arrangements 
        for mutual support as may be practicable and appropriate. 
   "(3) The responsibility for the strategic direction of the naval 
        forces of the Associated Powers, except of naval forces engaged 
        in supporting the defense of the PHILIPPINES, will be assumed by 
        the British Naval Commander in Chief, CHINA. The Commander in 
        Chief, UNITED STATES ASIATIC FLEET, will be responsible for the 
        direction of naval forces engaged in supporting the defense of 
        the PHILIPPINES." 

3312. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, is the immediate 
superior in command of the Commandant, SIXTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICTS, who is 
also designated as the Commander, PHILIPPINE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER (see 
Chapter V, Appendix II). 

b. The organization of Naval Coastal Frontiers is prescribed in General 
Order No. 143. 

[39] 

c. The boundaries of the PHILIPPINE COASTAL FRONTIER, and the extent of 
the PHILIPPINE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, are defined in "Joint Action of 
the Army and Navy, 1935", as modified by Annex I of Appendix I. 

d. The Commander, PHILIPPINE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER will employ the 
Naval Local Defense Force in the execution of tasks assigned by the 
Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, and will arrange for its joint 
tactical and strategical employment in cooperation with the Army, under 
the direction of the Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET. 

3313. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET is assigned the 
following tasks: 

a. TASK 
   RAID JAPANESE SEA COMMUNICATIONS AND DESTROY AXIS FORCES; 
b. TASK
   SUPPORT THE LAND AND AIR FORCES IN THE DEFENSE OF THE TERRITORIES OF 
   THE ASSOCIATED POWERS. (THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF, 
   UNITED STATES ASIATIC FLEET, FOR SUPPORTING THE DEFENSE OF THE 
   PHILIPPINES REMAINS SO LONG AS THAT DEFENSE CONTINUES.);



Page 943

c. TASK
   DESTROY AXIS SEA COMMUNICATIONS BY CAPTURING OR DESTROYING VESSELS 
   TRADING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY WITH THE ENEMY;
d. TASK 
   PROTECT SEA COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATED POWERS BY ESCORTING, 
   COVERING, AND PATROLLING, AS REQUIRED BY CIRCUMSTANCES, AND BY 
   DESTROYING ENEMY RAIDING FORCES; 

[40] 

e. TASK
   IN COOPERATION WITH THE ARMY DEFEND THE PHILIPPINE COASTAL FRONTIER-
   CATEGORY OF DEFENSE "E" 
f. TASK 
   ROUTE UNITED STATES FLAG SHIPPING IN ACCORDANCE WITH AGREEMENTS  
   REACHED WITH THE OTHER ASSOCIATED POWERS IN THE FAR EAST AREA. 

3314. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, will shift base to 
BRITISH or DUTCH ports at discretion. 

3315. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, will arrange for 
the logistic support of the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET from sources in the 
SIXTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT, and in continental United States, from 
commercial sources in the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS; and from British and Dutch 
governmental and commercial sources (See Part IV, Chapter III, Section 
2.). 

b. Logistic requirements other than personnel, ammunition, and technical 
materials, will be obtained from sources in the FAR EAST AREA or from 
sources in the adjacent BRITISH AREAS. 

c. Personnel, ammunition, and technical materials will be obtained from 
sources in the United States 

d. Transportation facilities available to the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET will 
be employed so far as practicable for the movement of logistic supplies. 
The Naval transportation Service will provide transportation for 
shipments from the United States. The first two of these vessels to 
arrive in the FAR EAST AREA may be retained by the Commander in Chief, 
U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, for use in that Area.

[some portion of text not printed in PHA, LWJ]
through the Commandant, SIXTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT, and in accordance with 
the provisions of existing law, any vessels of United States' or 
Philippine registry by requisition, time charter, or bare boat charter, 
to supplement the transportation facilities of the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET. 

f. In circumstances where the transportation facilities of the U. S. 
ASIATIC FLEET, supplemented as provided for in paragraphs d. and e., are 
inadequate, the Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, is authorized 
to charter on a time charter basis, vessels immediately obtainable by 
him for the purpose of providing his forces with urgent logistic 
deficiencies. Vessels of United States registry will be employed if 
available. 

3316. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, will require the 
following plans to be prepared: 

   1. THE U. S. ASIATIC FLEET OPERATING PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5 (Navy Plan 0-
      2, RAINBOW No. 5) 
   2. Local Joint Plans required by Appendix I, Paragraph 48
   3. SIXTEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE OPERATING PLAN-
      RAINBOW No. 5. (Sixteenth Naval District Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5); 
   4. Such subordinate task force operating plans as the Commander in 
      Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET, may direct. 

b. 1. The plan listed under a. 1, will be reviewed by the Chief of Naval 
Operations. 
   2. Plans may be distributed before review and acceptance. 



Page 944

[42] CHAPTER IV. FORCES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS 
AREA

Section 1. THE U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE

3411. a. The Commander in Chief, U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, is 
also the naval member of the United States Military Mission in London. 

b. The U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, will come under the 
administrative command of the Commander in Chief, U. S. NAVAL FORCES 
NORTH EUROPE, upon the arrival of these forces in the UNITED KINGDOM AND 
BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA. 

3412. a. The U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE (Chapter VI, Appendix II) 
will be organized into task forces as follows: 

   1. THE NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE;
   2. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE

b. These task forces will operate under the command of the Commander in 
Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, until their arrival in the UNITED KINGDOM 
AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA. 

3413. After their arrival in the UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS 
AREA, the task forces of the U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, are 
assigned the following tasks: 

   a. THE NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE 
      1. TASK
         ESCORT CONVOYS IN THE NORTHWEST APPROACHES, ACTING UNDER THE 
         STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF THE BRITISH COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE 
         WESTERN APPROACHES; 
   b. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE 
      1. TASK
         RAID ENEMY SHIPPING IN AN AREA TO BE DESIGNATED, UNDER THE 
         STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF THE BRITISH VICE ADMIRAL, SUBMARINES.

[43] 3414. Logistic support for the U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, 
will be arranged as indicated herein (see Part IV, Chapter III, Section 
2).  Transportation will be provided by the Naval Transportation Service 
or from vessels assigned to the task forces.

a. Fuel from United States and British sources. 

b. Personnel, technical supplies, ammunition, and subsistence supplies 
from United States sources. 

c. Repair and upkeep facilities from tender and cargo vessels and shore 
facilities assigned to this force, supplemented by a limited use of 
British facilities. 

d. Replacement of fuel to British storage from United States sources. 

e. In circumstances where the transportation facilities of the U. S. 
NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, and those provided by the NAVAL 
TRANSPORTATION SERVICE are inadequate, the Commander in Chief, U. S. 
NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, is authorized to charter on a time charter 
basis or a bare boat basis, vessels immediately obtainable by him for 
the purpose of providing his forces with urgent logistic deficiencies. 
Vessels of United States registry will be employed, if available. 

3415. a. Outline operating plans for the employment of the U. S. NAVAL 
FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, will be prepared by the prospective Commander of 
the NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE, and submitted to the prospective Commander 
in Chief, U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, for review by the British 
Commander in Chief, WESTERN APPROACHES After review and acceptance, 
copies of this plan will be furnished the Chief of Naval Operations. 



Page 945

[44]                      CHAPTER V. THE SERVICES

Section 1. THE NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE

3511. The NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE (Chapter IX, Appendix II) is 
assigned the following task: 

a. TASK 
   PROVIDE SEA TRANSPORTATION FOR THE INITIAL MOVEMENT AND THE CONTINUED 
   SUPPORT OF ARMY AND NAVY FORCES OVERSEAS, OTHER THAN THOSE WHICH ARE 
   TO BE TRANSPORTED BY THE OPERATING FORCES. MAN AND OPERATE THE ARMY 
   TRANSPORT SERVICE. 
   1. Deliveries may be made by commercial transportation or by vessels 
      of the Naval Transportation Service as circumstances require. 
   2. The initial movements of U. S. Army troops under this task are as 
      indicated in this paragraph. Larger movements may be made 
      eventually, as indicated in Appendix I, paragraph 51, but the Navy 
      will make no plans for these later movements until so directed by 
      the Chief of Naval Operations. 
     (a) NEW YORK to ICELAND, 26,500 troops, 73 aircraft. First 
         contingent-10,500 troops embark on 24M. Second contingent- 
         16,000 troops embark on 57M. These two movements will be made 
         by British transports if arrangements can be effected. If not, 
         this plan contemplates use of United States transports. 
     (b) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 7,000 troops embark on 10M. NEW YORK to 
         IRELAND, 8,000 troops embark on 10M. 
         (1) These two forces will move in one convoy. 
     (c) NEW YORK to BERMUDA, 3,700 troops, 38 aircraft, embark on 18M. 
         Eight aircraft will fly to destination, 30 aircraft will be 
         [45] transported. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 
     (d) GALVESTON to CURACAO-ARUBA, 6,000 troops, embark on 15M. 
     (e) GALVESTON to TRINIDAD, 12,500 troops embark on 15M. 
     (f) GALVESTON to PANAMA, 6,400 troops, of which 3,300 embark on 
         20M. The remainder will be transported progressively as ships 
         become available. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 
     (g) GALVESTON to PUERTO RICO, 12,600 troops, of which 4,000 embark 
         20M. The remainder will be transported progressively as ships 
         become available. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 
     (h) SEATTLE to ALASKA, 23,000 troops, of which 1,100 embark on 10M. 
         The remainder will be transported progressively as ships become 
         available. Part or all of these troops may be moved before M-
         day. 
     (i) SAN FRANCISCO to HAWAII, 23,000 troops of which 15,000 embark 
         on 10M. The remainder will be transported progressively as 
         ships become available. Part of these troops may be moved 
         before M-day. 
   3. The supply levels for the support of overseas forces which are to 
      be transported by the NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, are indicated 
      in Appendix I, paragraph 57. 

3512. Shipping will be routed by the Chief of Naval Operations and the 
Commanders of the Operating Forces in accordance with instructions 
contained in Part III, Chapter VII, Section 3. 

[46] 3513. The Director, Naval Transportation Service, will prepare the 
Principal Naval Transportation Service Operating Plan-Rainbow No. 5, and 
will prescribe therein, the Naval Transportation Service Operating 
Plans-Rainbow No. 5, which are to be prepared by the Naval Districts, 
Outlying Naval Stations, and Activities or Task Groups not under the 
command of the Commandants of Naval Districts. 

[47] Section B. THE NAVAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE

3521. The NAVAL COMMUNICATION SERVICE is assigned the following tasks: 

a. TASK 
   INSURE THE AVAILABILITY OF COMMUNICATION FACILITIES AND A SYSTEM FOR 
   THEIR EMPLOYMENT ADEQUATE TO THE NEEDS OF THE NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT IN 
   THE EXECUTION OF THIS PLAN; 



Page 946

b. TASK 
   IN COOPERATION, WHERE NECESSARY, WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS 
   AND INDEPENDENT OFFICES, AND SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF PERTINENT 
   LEGISLATION, PROCLAMATIONS, AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS, PROVIDE FOR THE 
   OPERATION OR SUPPRESSION, CONTROL, OR SUPERVISION, AS NECESSARY, OF 
   NON-MILITARY COMMUNICATION STATIONS IN AREAS UNDER UNITED STATES' 
   CONTROL. 

3522. This Service, operating directly under the Chief of Naval 
Operations (Director of Naval Communications) comprises the following: 

a. Office of the Director, Naval Communications, Navy Department;

b. The Communication Organization under the command of the Commandants 
of Naval Districts and Outlying Naval Stations; and under command of 
commanders of forces afloat, including aircraft. 

3523. The Director, Naval Communication Service, will prepare the 
Principal Naval Communication Service Operating Plan-Rainbow No. 5, and 
will prescribe therein, the Naval Communication Service Operating Plans-
Rainbow No. 5 which are to be prepared by the Naval Districts, Outlying 
Naval Stations, and Activities or Task Groups not under the command of 
the Commandants of Naval Districts. 

[48]  Section 3. THE NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE. 

3531. The NAVAL INTELLIGENCE SERVICE is assigned the following tasks: 

a. TASK 
   IN COOPERATION WITH THE ARMY AND ASSOCIATED POWERS, SECURE, AND 
   DISSEMINATE AS ADVISABLE, SUCH INFORMATION PARTICULARLY CONCERNING 
   THE ENEMY, ENEMY AGENTS AND SYMPATHIZERS, AS WILL ASSIST AND 
   FACILITATE THE EXECUTION OF NAVY BASIC WAR PLAN-RAINBOW No. 5 AND THE 
   PROTECTION OF THE NAVAL ESTABLISHMENT;
b. TASK 
   IN COOPERATION WITH OTHER GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, PREVENT THE 
   TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION OF MILITARY OR ECONOMIC VALUE TO THE 
   ENEMY. 

3532. This Service, operating directly under the Chief of Naval 
Operations (Director of Naval Intelligence), comprises the following: 

a. Office of the Director of Naval Intelligence, Navy Department, 
including naval attaches, naval observers, and other personnel directly 
under the Director of Naval Intelligence;

b. The Naval Intelligence organization under the command of the 
Commandants of Naval Districts, the Navy Yard, Washington, D. C., and 
Outlying Naval Stations, including the field units of the respective 
subordinate activities. 

3533. The Director, Naval Intelligence Service, will prepare the 
Principal Naval Intelligence Service Operating Plan-Rainbow No. 5, and 
will prescribe therein the Naval Intelligence Service Operating Plans-
Rainbow No. 5, which are to be prepared by the Naval Districts, Outlying 
Naval Stations, and Activities or Task Groups not under the command of 
the Commandants of Naval Districts. 

[49]            CHAPTER VI. THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT

3601. The task of the SHORE ESTABLISHMENT is prescribed in Part IV, 

[50]   CHAPTER VII. INSTRUCTIONS JOINTLY APPLICABLE TO TASK FORCES

Section 1. FORMING THE TASK FORCES

3711. Naval Coastal Frontier Forces will be formed on M-day or sooner if 
directed by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

a. Units of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, and U. S. 
ASIATIC FLEET, designated for assignment to NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER 
FORCES, when directed by the respective Commanders in Chief of the 
Fleets, will report to the Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontier Forces, to 
which assigned.



Page 947

b. Vessels of NAVAL DISTRICT CRAFT (See General Order No. 143), 
designated for assignment to the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces, when 
directed by the Commandants of the Naval Districts, will report to the 
commanders of task organizations to which assigned. 

c. Vessels to be mobilized, upon completion of mobilization, and when 
directed by the Commandants of Naval Districts in which they mobilize, 
will report to the commanders of task organizations to which assigned. 

3712. The Chief of Naval Operations will issue special instructions to 
vessels of the Naval Transportation Service and to vessels operating 
directly under the Chief of Naval Operations as circumstances require. 

3713. a. Coast Guard Districts, including vessels, aircraft and shore 
establishments within the Districts, upon M-day or sooner if directed by 
the President, will automatically come under the control of Naval 
Districts in the manner set Forth in the "United States Coast Guard 
District Manual, 1940." 

b. The Commandants of Naval Districts will direct the Coast Guard units 
coming under their command to report to the commanders of the task 
organizations as indicated in Appendix II of this plan. 

[51] Section 2. MOBILIZATION

3721. a. Mobilization comprises two steps viz.: 
   1. Timely assembly at assigned Mobilization Districts of the forces 
      to be mobilized preparatory to 2;
   2. Preparation for war service. This is a function of the Shore 
      Establishment assisted to the extent practicable by the forces 
      being mobilized, and is provided for in Part IV of this plan. 

b. Under this plan the term "mobilization" is applied only to the 
Operating Forces and the Services, including their units ashore. The 
Shore Establishment does not mobilize, but, as stipulated in Part IV, 
increases its personnel and facilities as required to perform its 
assigned task. 

c. Mobilization is thus not a process confined exclusively to the 
initial days of the war but continues as long as there are additional 
forces to be mobilized. During and subsequent to mobilization, vessels 
and units are supported through the operation of the maintenance 
provisions of Part IV. 

3722. Most of the Naval Forces listed in the current Operating Force 
Plan have already been mobilized at the time of issue of this plan. 
Vessels so listed even if not completely mobilized on M-day, will be 
considered available for immediate war service within the limits of 
their capabilities. They will complete their mobilization progressively 
as opportunity permits, and as directed by their superiors in command. 
Exceptions may be made by direction of the Chief of Naval Operations. 

3723. In view of the provisions of paragraph 3722, mobilization in this 
plan applies principally to vessels assigned to the Naval Transportation 
Service, to the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces, and to Naval District 
Craft which are to be taken over from private sources or other 
government departments. 

[52] 3724. Instructions for the assembly at Mobilization Districts of 
vessels assigned to the Naval Transportation Service will be issued by 
the Chief of Naval Operations. 

3725. Instructions for the assembly at Mobilization Districts of vessels 
assigned to the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces are contained in Chapter 
VIII, Appendix II. 

[53] Section 3. THE ROUTING AND PROTECTION OF SHIPPING

3731. The following is quoted from Appendix I. "Section V"

a. "20. The British authorities will issue directions for the control 
and protection of shipping of the Associated Powers within the areas in 
which British authorities assume responsibility for the strategic 
direction of Military Forces. United States authorities will issue 
directions for the control and protection of shipping of the Associated 
Powers within the areas in which the United States authorities assume 
responsibility for the strategic direction of Military forces. 

"21. United States and British shipping scheduled to pass from an area 
assigned to one Power into an area assigned to the other Power, will be 
controlled and protected by agreement between the respective naval 
authorities. The British Admiralty is the supreme authority in the 
control of shipping in the North Atlantic bound to and from the United 
Kingdom. 

"22. The British Naval Control Service Organization will continue in the 
exercise of its present functions and methods in all regions pending 
establishment of effective United States Agencies in United States 
areas. The Chief of Naval Operations, immediately on entry of the United 
States into the war, will arrange for the control and protection of 
shipping of United States registry or charter 



Page 948

within United States areas. Requests from the British Naval Control 
Service Organization for protection by United States forces within 
United States areas will be made to the Chief of Naval Operations." 

b. The term "control of shipping" as used in Appendix I, "Section V", 
includes all matters relating to the movement of non-combatant vessels 
on the high seas, except protection. Definitions

3732. a. ROUTING. The term "routing of shipping" as employed in this 
plan relates to the sea routes to be followed; [54] the time of 
departure from port; whether or not ships will move singly or in convoy, 
the timing at meeting points (rendezvous) and along the sea route; and 
the delivery of instructions for routing. Instructions in regard to the 
assembly of vessels for convoys the scheduling of ports of call or 
destination, and loading are not considered as a part of routing. 

b. INTRA-DISTRICT SHIPPING. That shipping of the Associated Powers 
proceeding from one port to another within the limits of a Naval 
District. 

c. INTRA-FRONTIER SHIPPING. That shipping of the Associated Powers 
proceeding from one Naval District to another within the same Naval 
Coastal Frontier. 

d. INTER-FRONTIER SHIPPING. That shipping of the Associated Powers not 
overseas shipping, proceeding from a port in one Naval Coastal Frontier 
to, or through the waters of another Naval Coastal Frontier. 

e. FLEET CONTROL ZONE SHIPPING. All shipping of the Associated Powers 
while within the Fleet Control Zone. 

f. OVERSEAS SHIPPING is that shipping of the Associated Powers whose 
route, in whole or in part, lies outside the coastal zone of a Naval 
Coastal Frontier except that shipping passing between the CARIBBEAN 
NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER and the ATLANTIC COAST ports of the United States 
or Canada is considered INTER-FRONTIER SHIPPING. 

                 Instructions for routing shipping

3733. INTRA-DISTRICT, INTRA-FRONTIER, and INTER-FRONTIER SHIPPING. 

a. The Chief of Naval Operations will issue general instructions to 
Naval Coastal Frontier Commanders for the routing of Intra-District 
Intra-Frontier and Inter-Frontier Shipping. Commanders of Naval Coastal 
Frontiers and Commandants of Naval Districts will keep the Chief of 
Naval Operations and interested Commanders in Chief informed as to 
routing instructions issued by them. 

[66] b. Commanders of Naval Coastal Frontiers will route Intra-Frontier 
and Inter-Frontier Shipping. 

c. Intra-District shipping will be routed by the Commandant of the Naval 
District under the general direction of the Commander, Naval Coastal 
Frontier. 

3734. OVERSEAS SHIPPING. 

a. Overseas shipping is divided into two categories, referred to 
hereafter as Class A and Class B Overseas Shipping: 
   1. CLASS A. Overseas shipping between two points in the areas of 
      strategic responsibility of the United States; 
   2. CLASS B. Overseas shipping between one point in the areas of 
      strategic responsibility of the United States, and one point in 
      the areas of strategic responsibility of the United Kingdom. 

b. WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA. 
   1. The Chief of Naval Operations, in consultation with the United 
      Kingdom Chief of Naval Staff, will arrange the routing details of 
      Class B Overseas Shipping which passes between the WESTERN 
      ATLANTIC AREA and UNITED KINGDOM AREAS to the east or south. 
   2. The Chief of Naval Operations will route all Class A and Class B 
      Overseas Shipping while it is within the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA. In 
      the case of overseas shipping moving in convoy, he will issue the 
      routing instructions to the convoy commanders, via the Commandants 
      of the Districts in which are the ports of assembly of the 
      convoys, with copies to the Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC 
      FLEET, appropriate Naval Coastal Frontier Commanders, and 
      Commandants of other Naval Districts affected. In the case of 
      overseas shipping moving singly, the [56] Chief of Naval 
      Operations will issue general routing instructions to the Naval 
      Coastal Frontier Commanders, with copies to the Commander in 
      Chief, U. S. ATLAN-



Page 949

      TIC FLEET, and to Commandants of Naval Districts affected. Under 
      the general supervision of the Commanders of Naval Coastal 
      Frontiers, Commandants of Naval Districts will issue routing 
      instructions to commanders of vessels. 

c. PACIFIC AREA. 
   1. Under the general direction of the Chief of Naval Operations, the 
      Commander of the PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER will 
      perform, in the PACIFIC AREA, all the routing duties performed by 
      the Chief of Naval Operations in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA, with 
      the following exceptions: 
     (a) The Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will route 
         shipping in the PACIFIC FLEET CONTROL ZONES; 
     (b) The Commander, PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, will route 
         shipping in the SOUTHEAST PACIFIC SUB-AREA; 
     (c) Routing details of overseas shipping bound to or from the 
         AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND AREA will be arranged directly 
         between the Commander, PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, 
         and the Chief of the Australian Naval Staff. The Chief of Naval 
         Operations will make arrangements with the United Kingdom Chief 
         of Naval Staff in case action is required by that officer. 

               Instructions for the protection of shipping

3735. a. Tasks providing for the protection of shipping are assigned to 
the Operating Forces. 

[57] b. Protection of shipping may be provided by sea or air escort, by 
covering operations, by patrol, by dispersal, by shifting of routes, or 
by a combination of these methods. 

c. The shipping of the Associated Powers operating in the areas of 
strategic responsibility of the United States will be protected by the 
responsible Commanders in Chief, Commanders of Sub-Areas, and Naval 
Coastal Frontiers, and by the Commandants of Naval Districts, to the 
extent required by the existing situation, and as may be practicable by 
the use of available forces. These officers will keep each other 
informed, as may be appropriate, as to the strength of naval forces, and 
the methods being employed, in the protection of shipping. 

d. The protection of embarked military personnel and valuable cargoes 
will be viewed as having an especial importance. 

[58] Section 4. RULES OF WARFARE

3741. In the conduct of the war the Naval Establishment will be guided 
by the current "Instructions for the Navy of the United States Governing 
Maritime Warfare". 

3742. Except under extraordinary circumstances (as when no prize crews 
are available or great distances are involved, and it is impracticable 
for the capturing ship to leave her station), prizes should be sent 
promptly to a port within the jurisdiction of the United States, or to 
an allied port in which a United States prize court is sitting, or to an 
allied port where arrangements have previously been made by the 
commander in the Area for prizes captured by the United States to be 
received into custody of local officials until an opportunity presents 
itself of sending them to United States prize courts. When the State 
Department shall have made arrangements with other Associated Powers to 
permit United States prize courts within their jurisdiction, the forces 
afloat will be promptly notified. 

3743. Do not use poison gas except in retaliation for similar use by the 
enemy. 

3744. The Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, within the WESTERN 
ATLANTIC AREA, and the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, within 
the PACIFIC AREA, are authorized to declare such "Strategical Areas" as 
in their opinion are vital. They must give wide publicity to the exact 
boundaries of the areas involved and, at the earliest opportunity, 
notify the Chief of Naval Operations of these actions. A "Strategical 
Area", as here used, means an area from which it is necessary to exclude 
merchant ships and merchant aircraft to prevent damage to such ships or 
aircraft, or to prevent such ships or aircraft from obtaining 
information, which, if transmitted to the enemy, would be detrimental to 
our own forces. 

[59] 3745. Should the Commander in Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, or the 
Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, desire to lay mines outside the 
territorial waters of the enemy, or of the United States or other 
Associated Powers, or outside of proclaimed Strategical Areas, they 
should make recom-



Page 950

mendations to the Chief of Naval Operations concerning the areas 
proposed to be mined and the time when the mines are to be laid. The 
Chief of Naval Operations will take the necessary steps to declare the 
mined areas and to notify shipping and foreign governments. In an 
emergency, mines may be so laid before communicating with the Chief of 
Naval Operations, but in such cases appropriate local notification 
should be made by the Commander in Chief concerned, and the Chief of 
Naval Operations should be informed. 

[60]  Section 5. INTELLIGENCE LIAISON BETWEEN COMMANDERS OF ASSOCIATED 
FORCES IN THE FIELD 

3751. The commanders of the Operating Forces and their subordinate task 
force commanders will, on their own initiative, exchange liaison 
officers with task force commanders of the Associated Powers for the 
purpose of coordinating matters which directly affect their operations. 
(See Appendix I, paragraph 17. f.) 

[61]                     PART IV. LOGISTICS

CHAPTER I. THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT

4101. The SHORE ESTABLISHMENT is assigned the following tasks: 

a. TASK
   PREPARE FOR WAR SERVICE, MAINTAIN, AND AUGMENT THE OPERATING FORCES 
   AND THE SERVICES;
b. TASK 
   PROVIDE PERSONNEL AND MATERIAL REQUIRED FOR ESTABLISHING AND 
   MAINTAINING ADVANCED BASES;
c. TASK 
   PROVIDE SALVAGE SERVICE IN THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS, THE GULF 
   OF MEXICO, AND THE CARIBBEAN SEA WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 500 MILES OF 
   CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES, ALASKA, PANAMA CANAL ZONE, AND OF OUTLYING 
   UNITED STATES POSSESSIONS AND LEASED TERRITORY IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN 
   AND THE CARIBBEAN SEA. 

4102. Each Chief of Bureau or Head of an Office of the Navy Department, 
and each Commandant of a Naval District or an Outlying Naval Station 
will execute such parts of the tasks assigned to the Shore Establishment 
as fall under his cognizance by law or regulation, unless otherwise 
stipulated in Part IV. 

[62]           CHAPTER II. GENERAL DIRECTIVES

Section 1. PERSONNEL

4211. The Shore Establishment will supply the trained personnel required 
for: 

a. Preparing for war service, maintaining, and augmenting the Operating 
Forces and the Services; 

b. Augmenting and maintaining the Shore Establishment Activities 

c. Establishing and maintaining Advanced Bases; 

d. Augmenting and maintaining Salvage Service. 

4212. The following is quoted from Appendix I, paragraph 54. 

"The Army and Navy requirements for increased personnel will be met by 
the operation of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940". 

4213. a. Personnel will be supplied in accordance with the Basic 
Priorities established in Section 6 (paragraph 4261). 

b. Where the requirements for personnel for the Operating Forces and the 
Services cannot be supplied from other sources, naval personnel assigned 
to Naval District Craft (see General Order No. 143) will be replaced 
with civilian personnel for such period of time as found to be 
necessary. 

[63]  Section 2. MATERIAL

4221. The Shore Establishment will supply material required for: 

a. Preparing for war service, maintaining, and augmenting the Operating 
Forces and the Services 

b. Augmenting and maintaining the Shore Establishment Activities

c. Establishing and maintaining Advanced Bases

d. Augmenting and maintaining Salvage Service. 

4222. The material to support this Plan will come from existing reserves 
of the Navy and from production sources developed under the approved 
Industrial Mobilization Plan, and Navy Procurement Plans. The 
procurement of material 



Page 951

will be regulated and controlled by existing laws and regulations, 
Executive orders, and in accordance with the instructions contained in 
the Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-RAINBOW No. 5 (Appendix I, 
paragraphs 56 and 58). 

4223. Bureaus having technical cognizance of material being procured for 
the Navy will take appropriate measures to insure that contractors 
safeguard such material from exposure to sabotage and from damage by 
sabotage or other means. 

4224. Material will be supplied in accordance with the Basic Priorities 
established in Section 6 (paragraph 4261). 

[64]  Section 3. TRANSPORTATION 

4231. a. Sea transportation will be provided by: 
   1. THE OPERATING FORCES; 
   2. THE NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE.

b. The Naval Transportation Service will arrange for delivery of 
personnel and material by commercial transportation facilities wherever 
practicable. 

4232. a. Bureaus will provide material at loading ports ready for 
loading. 

b. The Shore Establishment will furnish the Chief of Naval Operations 
and the District Commandants concerned with the necessary information 
regarding material and personnel to be loaded at loading ports in order 
that sea transportation may be provided. 

c. The Shore Establishment will load material and embark personnel in 
vessels designated by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

4233. a. The Army will furnish to the Chief of Naval Operations, or the 
District Commandants, information regarding the numbers of troops and 
quantities of material to be transported overseas (see Appendix I, 
paragraphs 51 and 57). 

b. The Army will move Army material and troops to ports of embarkation, 
and load Army material and embark Army troops in vessels designated by 
the Chief of Naval Operations, subject to supervision by the Navy in 
matters regarding the safety of vessels. 

c. The Navy will furnish subsistence and medical supplies for Army 
personnel while embarked on transports operated by the Navy (including 
time-chartered vessels), the Army will provide subsistence and medical 
supplies for all animals embarked on such transports. Army medical and 
Army commissary personnel embarked will be available to perform their 
normal duties in relation to Army personnel. 

[65] 4234. The Commander in Chief U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, will establish 
in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and the Commander in 
Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, will establish in the Office of the 
Commander, PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER, officers having 
liaison duties in regard to coordinating the transportation of material 
and personnel by fleet transportation facilities and the Naval 
Transportation Service. 

[66] Section 4. LEGAL SERVICES

4241. The Shore Establishment (Office of the Judge Advocate General of 
the Navy) will provide the legal services, charged to it by law and 
regulation, necessary for the execution of this plan by the Naval 
Establishment. 

4242. These services will include: 

a. The supervision of the administration of law throughout the Naval 
Establishment; 

b. Securing the enactment of such legislation and the promulgation of 
such Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders as may be required 
by the Naval Establishment in the execution of this plan; 

c. In conjunction with the War Department, securing the enactment of 
legislation and the promulgation of such Presidential Proclamations and 
Executive Orders affecting both the Army and the Navy as are deemed 
necessary for the execution of the Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-
RAINBOW No. 5 (Appendix I, paragraph 59). 

[67] Section 6. AUGMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT 

4251. The Shore Establishment will augment and maintain its activities 
by providing personnel and material necessary for the accomplishment of 
its assigned tasks. 

4252. Requirements for Naval District Craft (see General Order No. 143) 
in excess of those provided for in the current Operating Force Plan, 
will be met locally by the Commandants of Naval Districts. This may be 
done by taking over suitable craft from private owners, or by 
contracting with private owners for the operation of such craft in a 
pool under navy control, to meet both government and private 
requirements. 



Page 952

[68] Section 6. PRIORITIES

4261. Priority in matters of supply, delivery, and services will be in 
accordance with the basic priorities stipulated below. All supporting 
efforts of the SERVICES and the SHORE ESTABLISHMENT will fall 
respectively under the priorities established by this general formula. 
For planning purposes, the several items listed under the same basic 
priority shall be considered of equal importance.

a. PRIORITY ONE 
   1. The transportation of Army troops and material in the initial 
      movements to the UNITED KINGDOM, BERMUDA, CURACAO-ARUBA TRINIDAD, 
      PANAMA, PUERTO RICO, ALASKA, and HAWAII
   2. The requirements of the NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE, U. S. NAVAL 
      FORCES, NORTH EUROPE, and SUBMARINE FORCE THREE, U. S. NAVAL 
      FORCES, NORTH EUROPE. 
   3. The requirements of the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET. 

b. PRIORITY TWO 
   1. Initial movements to ICELAND. 
   2. The requirements of the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET and the U. S. PACIFIC 
      FLEET. 
   3. The requirements of the NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE not specified 
      under PRIORITY ONE. 

c. PRIORITY THREE 
   1. The requirements of the NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES. 
   2. The transportation of Army troops and material not specified under 
      PRIORITIES ONE and TWO. 

d. PRIORITY FOUR 
   1. New Construction. 
 
[69]      CHAPTER III. THE OPERATING FORCES AND SERVICES

Section 1. PREPARATION FOR WAR SERVICE

4311. Commencing on M-day, and before if directed, the SHORE 
ESTABLISHMENT will prepare for war services those vessels and units of 
the OPERATING FORCES and SERVICES listed in Appendix II, which are not 
then in condition of readiness for war service, by placing them in 
material condition and providing personnel to perform their war tasks. 

4312. The desired condition of readiness for war service as regards 
personnel repairs and alterations, and supplies, is the STANDARD 
CONDITION prescribed by the Bureaus and Offices of the Navy Department 
concerned and approved by the Chief of Naval Operations. 

4313. Vessels assigned to the Operating Forces and the Services listed 
in the current Operating Force Plan. 

a. Vessels assigned to the Operating Forces and the Services appearing 
in the current Operating Force Plan are not assigned to Mobilization 
Districts, as most of those vessels have already been mobilized at the 
time of issue of this plan.  Vessels not completely mobilized on M-day 
will be considered available for immediate war service within the 
limitations of their capabilities. They will complete their mobilization 
progressively as opportunity permits, and as directed by their superiors 
in command. Exceptions may be made by direction of the Chief of Naval 
Operations.

4314. Vessels assigned to the Operating Forces and the Services NOT 
listed in the current Operating Force Plan. 

a. Vessels not appearing in the current Operating Force Plan, assigned 
in Appendix II to the Operating Forces and the Services, are assigned to 
Mobilization Districts for preparation for war service (mobilization). 
Commandants are responsible for preparing for war service all vessels 
assigned to their districts for mobilization. 

b. In cases where Appendix II indicates the day of arrival at the 
Mobilization District and the day required to be ready for service, the 
Commandant will employ the intervening period in the preparation of the 
vessel for war service. 

[70] If essential items of conversion can not be completed by the "Day 
Ready" indicated in Appendix II, the Commandant will inform the Chief of 
Naval Operations and the Commander of the Operating Force concerned, as 
far in advance as practicable 

c. In cases where the day of arrival at the Mobilization District and 
the "Day Ready" are not indicated in Appendix II, the Commandant will 
complete the mobilization as promptly as possible in accordance with the 
priorities established and other related instructions. 



Page 953

d. Vessels assigned to the Operating Forces, other than those assigned 
to the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces, will be degaussed, armed, and 
manned with Navy personnel before being considered ready for war 
service. 

e. Vessels assigned to Naval Coastal Frontier Forces will be placed in 
STANDARD CONDITION before being considered ready for war service, unless 
the Commanders, Naval Coastal Frontiers direct otherwise, in which case 
placing them in STANDARD CONDITION will be deferred until opportunity 
permits.

f. Vessels assigned to the Naval Transportation Service will be placed 
in STANDARD CONDITION before being considered ready for war service, 
except as follows: 
   1. Transports to be commissioned in the Navy will be considered ready 
      for war service when degaussed, provided with fresh water, 
      commissary, sanitary, medical, berthing, and other facilities 
      essential for the initial scheduled voyage; 
   2. Transports to be operated on a time charter basis will be 
      considered ready for war service when provided with fresh water, 
      commissary, sanitary, medical, berthing, and other facilities
      essential for the initial scheduled voyage, and provided with a 
      liaison group consisting of a communication group and such 
      additional personnel (supply and medical) as may be required; 

[71]

   3. All other classes commissioned in the Navy scheduled for voyages 
      outside of the WESTERN HEMISPHERE will be considered ready for war 
      service when degaussed and prepared for the particular service for 
      which scheduled;
   4. All other classes operated on a time charter basis will be 
      considered ready for war service when degaussed and prepared for 
      the particular service for which scheduled, and provided with a 
      liaison group consisting of a communication group and such 
      additional personnel (supply and medical) as may be required;
   5. Vessels of the Naval Transportation Service will not be delayed 
      for the installation of batteries and magazines. 

g. Time chartered merchant vessels of the Naval Transportation Service 
to be taken over and commissioned will be placed in STANDARD CONDITION 
after their initial voyage, and when opportunity permits. 

h. Instructions for the mobilization of vessels assigned to the Naval 
Coastal Frontier Forces are contained in Chapter VIII, Appendix II. 

4315. a. The crews of all combat loaded transports and other vessels 
scheduled to unload at a destination having no stevedores available, 
will include competent stevedore personnel. These may be supplied from 
trained naval personnel, or by contract if suitable naval personnel is 
not available. This provision applies to vessels commissioned in the 
Navy and to time chartered vessels. 

b. Provision will be made for furnishing prize crews consisting of a 
suitable number of officers and men as follows: 
   1. To the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET ...................... 6;

[72]

   2. To the U. S. PACIFIC FLEET ....................... 8;
   3. To the SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE ................... 8;
   4. To the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET ....................... 6

[73]  Section 2. MAINTENANCE

4321. The Shore Establishment will maintain the Operating Forces and the 
Services in condition of readiness for war by:
   a. Replacement of personnel and material
   b. Repairs to units made available at Shore Establishment activities; 
   c. Hospitalization of personnel; 
   d. Provisions of facilities at Shore Establishment activities for 
      recreation and welfare of personnel.

                             Replacements

4322 a. In order to provide for replacements of personnel and material 
for the Operating Forces and the Services, the Bureaus and Offices of 
the Navy Department concerned will establish standard monthly 
replacement rates based upon estimated expenditures, plus a small excess 
for building up a reserve. These rates will be used by the Shore 
Establishment as a basis for procuring personnel and material to meet 
the replacement requirements of the Operating Forces and the Services. 
The estimates should be based on probable operations of each type of the 
Task Organization in each of the Areas and Sub-Areas listed in paragraph 
1102 of this plan.



Page 954

b. These standard monthly replacement rates will be revised from time to 
time so as to accord with the requirements of the Operating Forces and 
the Services, as determined by war experience. 

c. In procuring personnel and material at the standard monthly 
replacement rates, no deduction will be made for probable losses in the 
forces to be supplied. A 10% surplus over the standard monthly 
replacements will be maintained available for shipment to provide for 
probable losses during sea transportation to destination. 

d. Should the established monthly replacement rates prove to be 
inadequate to supply the requirements, personnel [74] and material 
allotted to low priority units will be reassigned to higher priority 
units, as required, until deficiencies can be replaced under revised 
replacement rates. 

e. The Bureaus and Offices of the Navy Department who provide 
replacements of personnel and material will designate the activities of 
the Shore Establishment to which the Operating Forces and the Units of 
the Naval Transportation Service will submit their requests for 
replacements. 

f. The rate of flow of replacements will be controlled by the timely 
submission of requests for replacements, stating the desired time and 
place of delivery. 

g. Requests for replacements will be submitted as follows: 
   1. For the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET, U. S. ASIATIC 
      FLEET, and SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE, and U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH 
      EUROPE by the commanders thereof, or by officers designated by 
      them: 
   2. For the NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES, by the Commandants of Naval 
      Districts upon which the forces are based;
   3. For units of the NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE by the commanders 
      thereof, through the appropriate local naval authorities where 
      delivery is desired;
   4. For units ashore by the commanders thereof, through the 
      Commandants of Naval Districts or Commanders of Outlying Naval 
      Stations in which these units are established. 

h. Where Shore Establishment facilities are not readily available, units 
of the Operating Forces and of the Naval Transportation Service will 
obtain material replacements from local sources. (See par. 3116, 3214, 
3224, 3315, 3414.) Replacements obtained in this manner will not be 
included in requests for replacements made to Shore Establishment 
activities. 

[75] 4323. Delivery of replacements to the Operating Forces the Services 
will be effected, insofar as practicable, at the times and places 
requested. 

                                Repairs

4324. a. The Shore Establishment will repair such units of the Operating 
Forces and Services as may be made available therefor at Shore 
Establishment activities.

b. The assignment of availability of such units to an activity of the 
Shore Establishment for overhaul and repairs will be governed by the 
following: 
   1. The geographic disposition of the various forces; 
   2. The facilities available at certain activities for accomplishing 
      the work required;
   3. The degree of urgency of the work required; 
   4. The distribution of the work load among the various activities; 
   5. The needs for repairs by units of the Associated Powers. 

4325. The Chief of Naval Operations will designate the shore activity to 
which a vessel will be assigned for overhaul and repairs and will fix 
the availability dates. 

                     Hospitalization and evacuation

4326. a. The Operating Forces will provide hospitalization for sick and 
wounded personnel within the capacity of the hospital facilities 
available in hospital ships, in Advanced Base Hospitals, and in Mobile 
Medical Units. 

[76] b. The Shore Establishment will provide hospitalization for sick or 
wounded naval and marine corps personnel which may be evacuated to Shore 
Establishment activities. 

4327. The sick and wounded personnel evacuated to Shore Establishment 
activities will be transported in evacuation transports, hospital ships, 
and other available vessels having adequate medical facilities. 

4328. a. Army forces overseas will provide their own hospitalization, 
but will be evacuated to home territory in the same manner as naval 
personnel. 



Page 955

b. Army forces embarked on naval vessels will be provided 
hospitalization by the Navy until such time as the sick and wounded can 
be evacuated to Army hospitals or field medical units. 

                        Recreation and welfare

4329. a. The Shore Establishment will provide and maintain recreation 
and welfare facilities at Shore Establishment activities for naval and 
marine corps personnel. 

b. Provisions for these activities will include: 
   1. Augmentation and maintenance of recreational facilities at Shore 
      Establishment activities where units of the Operating Forces and 
      Services are concentrated, and at Training Stations; 
   2. Augmentation and maintenance of religious and welfare facilities 
      at the above activities, including cooperation with national and 
      local welfare agencies and religious groups, operating for the 
      welfare of naval personnel. 

[77]  Section 3. AUGMENTATION

4331. The Shore Establishment will augment the Operating Forces and the 
Services by: 

a. New construction of vessels and aircraft

b. Acquisition from the Maritime Commission and from private owners of 
vessels and aircraft designated by the Chief of Naval Operations (Naval 
Supply and Transportation Service Section), and by their preparation for 
war service;

c. Preparation for war service of vessels and aircraft transferred to 
the Navy from other Government Departments; 

d. Acquisition of material. 

4332. In preparing plans for the acquisition of small vessels, 
Commandants of Naval Districts will provide for consultation and 
cooperation between local representatives of the Army, Navy, and 
Maritime Commission. 

[78]                 CHAPTER IV. ADVANCED BASES

4401. The Shore Establishment will provide personnel and material 
required for establishing and maintaining ADVANCED BASES in accordance 
with instructions issued in separate directives. 

[79]                      CHAPTER V. SALVAGE

4501. a. The Shore Establishment will provide salvage units and render 
salvage service to vessels, both private and public, of all 
nationalities, in the areas prescribed in paragraph 4101.c. 

b. The Operating Forces, assisted by such facilities as can be made 
available by the Shore Establishment, will render salvage service to 
vessels of their own forces and to other vessels where practicable, in 
the waters of the outlying United States possessions in the Pacific 
Ocean, of the Philippine Islands and of Advanced Bases, and in the open 
sea outside of the areas mentioned in paragraph 4101.c. 

4502. The Shore Establishment will cooperate with and assist the Army or 
other agencies responsible for clearing harbor channels of stranded 
vessels within the waters of the United States. 

4503. a. On M-day, or sooner if directed by the President, the Navy will 
acquire the following vessels to be converted and equipped as salvage 
vessels: 
   1. From the COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY 
      PIONEER 
      GUIDE 
      DISCOVER; 

   2. From the COAST GUARD 
      REDWING. 

b. These vessels will be manned and operated as directed by the Bureau 
of Ships, and two will be stationed on the Atlantic Coast of the United 
States and two on the Pacific Coast of the United States. 

[80] CHAPTER VI. PLANS TO BE PREPARED BV THE SHORE ESTABLISHMENT

4601. Contributory Plans, Rainbow No. 5, will be prepared as prescribed 
in Part V, WPL-8, with particular reference to paragraphs 5126, 5127, 
and 5128. 

4602. The Principal Contributory Plans, Rainbow No. 5, will prescribe 
the estimates of requirements, if any, to be made by the subordinate 
planning agencies.



Page 956

[81]                  PART V. SPECIAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER I. EXERTION OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC PRESSURE

5101. The following is quoted from Appendix I, paragraph 60: 

   "The Administrator of Export Control, jointly with the War and Navy 
   Departments, is to prepare plans and programs for the application of 
   economic pressure such as may be obtained through control of 
   commodities, transportation, communication, financial relationships, 
   and all related means." 

5102. The Chief of Naval Operations will cooperate in the preparation of 
joint plans for the Exertion of Financial and Economic Pressure. 

[82]  CHAPTER II. JOINT PLANS COVERING INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, CENSORSHIP 
AND PUBLICITY, AND MOBILIZATION OF RESOURCES

5201. The following is quoted from Appendix I, paragraph 61: 

   "Cooperation of Other Departments of the Government. 

   "The War and Navy Departments, jointly with other departments of the 
   Government, shall have prepared plans or programs covering the 
   following subjects: 
      a. Intelligence Service; 
      b. Censorship and Publicity; 
      c. Mobilization of Resources." 

5202. a. The Chief of Naval Operations (Director of Naval Intelligence) 
will act for the Navy Department in the preparation of joint plans or 
programs for the Intelligence Service. 

b. The Secretary of the Navy (Director of the Office of Public 
Relations) and the Chief of Naval Operations (Director of Naval 
Intelligence) will jointly act for the Navy Department in the 
preparation of joint plans or programs for Censorship and Publicity.

c. The Under Secretary of the Navy, acting through the Navy Members of 
the Joint Army and Navy Munitions Board, will represent the Navy 
Department in the preparation of joint plans or programs for the 
Mobilization of Resources. 

[1]  APPENDIX I. To WPL-46, THE JOINT ARMY AND NAVY BASIC WAR PLAN-
                             RAINBOW No. 5

[2]               SECTION I. DIRECTIVE

1. The directive for Joint Army and Navy Basic War Plan-RAINBOW No. 5, 
contained in J. P. 325 (Serial 642-1), Section 1, paragraph 3e, approved 
October 14, 1939, and revised April 10, 1940, is superseded by the 
directive contained in paragraph 2 of this paper. 

2. The Joint Board directs The Joint Planning Committee to submit Joint 
Army and Navy Basic War Plan-RAINBOW No. 5 based upon the Report of 
United States-British Staff Conversations, dated March 27, 1941 (ABC-1), 
and upon Joint United States-Canada War Plan No. 2 (ABC-22) now in 
process of drafting. 

[3]              SECTION II. DEFINITIONS

3. The term "Associated Powers" means the United States and the British 
Commonwealth, and, when appropriate, includes the Associates and Allies 
of either Power. 

4. The term "Axis Powers" means Germany and Italy, and, if Japan and 
other Powers are at war against the Associated Powers, is to be 
understood as including all such Powers. 

5. "Malaysia" includes the Philippines, the Malay States, the Straits 
Settlements, Borneo, and the Netherlands East Indies. The "Malay 
Barrier" includes the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and the chain of 
islands extending in an easterly direction from Java to Bathurst Island, 
Australia, 

6. The term "United States naval forces" as used herein will be 
construed as including United States naval aviation. The term "air 
forces" will be construed as including only the United States Army Air 
Corps and the Royal Air Force. 



Page 957

[4]           SECTION III. GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS

7. That the Associated Powers, comprising initially the United States, 
the British Commonwealth (less Eire), the Netherlands East Indies, 
Greece, Yugoslavia, the Governments in Exile, China, and the "Free 
French" are at war against the Axis Powers, comprising either: 
   a. Germany, Italy, Roumania, Hungary, Bulgaria, or 
   b. Germany, Italy, Japan, Roumania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Thailand. 

8. That the Associated Powers will conduct the war in accord with 
      ABC-1 and ABC-22. 

9. That even if Japan and Thailand are not initially in the war, the 
possibility of their intervention must be taken into account. 

10. That United States forces which might base in the Far East Area will 
be able to fill logistic requirements, other than personnel, ammunition, 
and technical materials, from sources in that general region. 

11. That Latin American Republics will take measures to control 
subversive elements, but will remain in a non-belligerent status unless 
subjected to direct attack; in general, the territorial waters and land 
bases of these Republics will be available for use by United States 
forces for purposes of Hemisphere Defense. 

[5]           SECTION IV. CONCEPT OF THE WAR

12. The Concept of the War as set forth in paragraphs 10, 11, 12, and 13 
of ABC-1 is quoted below, except that paragraph 13 (h) is quoted as 
modified by the Chief of Naval Operations' and the Chief of Staff's 
secret letter Serial 039412 of April 5, 1941. 

   "10. The broad strategic objectives of the Associated Powers will be   
   the defeat of Germany and her Allies. 
  
   " 11. The principles of United States and British national strategic   
   defense policies of which the Military forces of the Associated   
   Powers must take account are:

   (a) United States 
   The paramount territorial interests of the United States are in the   
   Western Hemisphere. The United States must, in all eventualities,   
   maintain such dispositions as will prevent the extension in the   
   Western Hemisphere of European or Asiatic political or Military power 
  
   (b) British Commonwealth
   The security of the United Kingdom must be maintained in all   
   circumstances. Similarly, the United Kingdom, the Dominions and India   
   must maintain dispositions which, in all eventualities, will provide   
   for the ultimate security of the British Commonwealth of Nations. A   
   cardinal feature of British strategic policy is the retention of a   
   position in the Far East such as will ensure the cohesion and   
   security of the British Commonwealth and the maintenance of its war   
   effort 

   (c) Sea Communications
   The security of the sea communications of the Associated Powers is   
   essential to the continuance of their war effort. 
  
   [6] "12. The strategic concept includes the following as the   
   principal offensive policies against the Axis Powers: 

   (a) Application of economic pressure by naval, land, and air forces   
   and all other means, including the control of commodities at their   
   source by diplomatic and financial measures. 
   (b) A sustained air offensive against German Military power,   
   supplemented by air offensives against other regions under enemy   
   control which contribute to that power. 
   (c) The early elimination of Italy as an active partner in the Axis. 
   (d) The employment of the air, land, and naval forces of the   
   Associated Powers, at every opportunity, in raids and minor   
   offensives against Axis Military strength. 
   (e) The support of neutrals, and of Allies of the United Kingdom,   
   Associates of the United States, and populations in Axis-occupied   
   territory in resistance to the Axis Powers. 
   (f) The building up of the necessary forces for an eventual offensive   
   against Germany. 
   (g) The capture of positions from which to launch the eventual   
   offensive. 
  
   "13. Plans for the Military operations of the Associated Powers will   
   likewise be governed by the following: 



Page 958
  
   [7] (a) Since Germany is the predominant member of the Axis Powers   
   the Atlantic and European area is considered to be the decisive   
   theatre. The principal United States Military effort will be exerted   
   in that theatre and operations of United States forces in other   
   theatres will be conducted in such a manner as to facilitate that   
   effort. 
   (b) Owing to the threat to the sea communications of the United   
   Kingdom the principal task of the United States naval forces in the   
   Atlantic will be the protection of shipping of the Associated Powers,   
   the center of gravity of the United States effort being concentrated   
   in the Northwestern approaches to the United Kingdom. Under this   
   conception, the United States naval effort in the Mediterranean will   
   initially be considered of secondary importance. 
   (c) It will be of great importance to maintain the present British   
   and Allied Military position in and near the Mediterranean basins,   
   and to prevent the spread of Axis control in North Africa. 
   (d) Even if Japan were not initially to enter the war on the side of   
   the Axis Powers, it would still be necessary for the Associated   
   Powers to deploy their forces in a manner to guard against Japanese   
   intervention. If Japan does enter the war, the Military strategy in   
   the Far East will be defensive. The United States does not intend to   
   add to its present Military strength in the Far East but will employ   
   the United States Pacific Fleet offensively in the manner best   
   calculated to weaken Japanese economic power, and to support the   
   defense of the Malay barrier by diverting Japanese strength away from   
   Malaysia. The United States intends so to augment its forces in the   
   Atlantic and Mediterranean areas that the British Commonwealth will   
   be in a position to release the necessary forces for the Far East. 
   [8] (e) The details of the deployment of the forces of the   
   Associated Powers at any one time will be decided with regard to the   
   Military situation in all theatres. 
   (f) The principal defensive roles of the land forces of the   
   Associated Powers will be to hold the British Isles against invasion;   
   to defend the Western Hemisphere, and to protect outlying Military   
   base areas and islands of strategic importance against land, air, or   
   sea-borne attack. 
   (g) United States land forces will support United States naval and   
   air forces maintaining the security of the Western Hemisphere or   
   operating in the areas bordering on the Atlantic. Subject to the   
   availability of trained and equipped organizations, United States   
   land forces will, as a general rule provide ground and anti-aircraft   
   defenses of naval and air bases used primarily by United States   
   forces. 
   (h) Subject to the requirements of the security of the United States, 
   the British Isles and their sea communications, the air policy of the 
   Associated Powers will require that associated effort in the air will 
   be directed toward providing the necessary naval and land air 
   components for the accomplishment of naval tasks, for the support of 
   land operations, and for independent air operations against the 
   sources of Axis military power. 
   (i) United States Army Air Forces will support the United States land 
   and naval forces maintaining the security of the Western Hemisphere 
   or operating in the areas bordering on the Atlantic. Subject to the 
   availability of trained and equipped organizations, they will 
   undertake the air defense of those general areas in which naval bases 
   used primarily by United States forces are located, and subsequently,  
   [9] of such other areas as may be agreed upon. United States Army 
   air bombardment units will operate offensively in collaboration with 
   the Royal Air Force, primarily against German Military power at its 
   source. 
   (j) United States forces will, so far as practicable, draw their 
   logistic support (supply and maintenance) from sources outside the 
   British Isles. Subject to this principle, however, the military 
   bases, repair facilities, and supplies of either nation will be at 
   the disposal of the Military forces of the other as required for the 
   successful prosecution of the war." 

13. In addition, plans for the Military operations of United States 
forces will be governed by the following: 

(a) Under this War Plan the scale of hostile attack to be expected 
within the Western Atlantic Area is limited to raids by air forces and 
naval surface and submarine forces. 

(b) The building up of large land and air forces for major offensive 
operations against the Axis Powers will be the primary immediate effort 
of the United States Army. The initial tasks of United States land and 
air forces will be limited to such operations as will not materially 
delay this effort.



Page 959

[10]  SECTION V. TERMS OF AGREEMENT WITH THE UNITED KINGDOM RELATING TO 
                            WAR OPERATIONS

14. Agreements have been reached between the United States and the 
United Kingdom relating to war operations. 

In this Section certain of these agreements are set forth (See ABC-1 and 
ABC-22).

15. Principles of Command of the Forces of the United States and the 
United Kingdom. 

a. As a general rule, the forces of the United States and those of the 
United Kingdom should operate under their own commanders in the areas of 
responsibility of their own Power. 

b. The assignment of an area to one Power shall not be construed as 
restricting the forces of the other Power from temporarily extending 
appropriate operations into that area, as may be required by particular 
circumstances. 

c. The forces of either Power which are employed normally under the 
strategic direction of an established commander of the other, will, with 
due regard to their type, be employed as task (organized) forces charged 
with the execution of specific strategic tasks. These task (organized) 
forces will operate under their own commanders and will not be 
distributed into small bodies attached to the forces of the other Power. 
Only exceptional Military circumstances will justify the temporary 
suspension of the normal strategic tasks. 

d. When units of both Powers cooperate tactically, command will be 
exercised by that officer of either Power who is the senior in rank, or 
if of equal rank, of time in grade. 

e. United States naval aviation forces employed in British Areas will 
operate under United States naval command, and will remain an integral 
part of United States naval task forces. Arrangements will be made for 
coordination of their operations with those of the appropriate Coastal 
Command groups. 

f. Special command relationships pertaining to particular areas are set 
forth in paragraph 16. 

[11] 16. Responsibility for the Strategic Direction of Military Forces. 

a. United States Areas. 

Upon entering the war, the United States will assume responsibility for 
the strategic direction of its own and British Military forces in the 
following areas: 
   (1) The Atlantic Ocean Area, together with islands and contiguous 
       continental land areas, north of Latitude 25  South and west of 
       Longitude 30  West, except: 
       (a) The area between Latitude 20  North and Latitude 43  North 
           which lies east of Longitude 40  West. 
      (b) The waters and territories in which Canada assumes 
          responsibility for the strategic direction of Military forces, 
          as may be defined in United States-Canada Joint Agreements. 
   (2) The Pacific Ocean Area, together with islands and contiguous 
       continental land areas, as follows: 
      (a) North of Latitude 30  North and west of Longitude 140  East; 
      (b) North of the equator and east of Longitude 140  East; 
      (c) South of the equator and east of Longitude 180  to the South 
          American coast and Longitude 74  West; except for the waters 
          and territories in which Canada assumes responsibility for the 
          strategic direction of Military forces, as may be defined in 
          United States-Canada Joint Agreements. The United States will 
          afford support to British naval forces in the regions south of 
          the equator as far west as Longitude 155  East. 

(12]  b. The Far East Area. 

Coordination in the planning and execution of operations by Military 
forces of the United States British Commonwealth, and Netherlands East 
Indies in the Far East Area will, subject to the approval of the Dutch 
authorities, be effected as follows: 
   (1) The commanders of the Military forces of the Associated Powers 
       will collaborate in the formulation of strategic plans for 
       operations in that area. 
   (2) The defense of the territories of the Associated Powers will be 
       the responsibility of the respective commanders of the Military 
       forces concerned. These commanders will make such arrangements 
       for mutual support as may be practicable and appropriate. 
   (3) The responsibility for the strategic direction of the naval 
       forces of the Associated Powers, except of naval forces engaged 
       in supporting the defense of the Philippines will be assumed by 
       the British naval Commander-in-Chief, China. The Commander-in-
       Chief, United States Asiatic Fleet, will be responsible for the 
       direction of naval forces engaged in supporting the defense of 
       the Philippines. 



Page 960

   (4) For the above purposes, the Far East Area is defined as the area 
   from the coast of China in Latitude 30  North, east to Longitude 140  
   East thence south to the equator, thence east to Longitude 141  East, 
   thence south to the boundary of Dutch New Guinea on the south coast, 
   thence westward to Latitude 11  South, Longitude 120  East, thence 
   south to Latitude 13  South, thence west to Longitude 92  East, 
   thence north to Latitude 20  North, thence to the boundary between 
   India and Burma. 

[13] c. Joint Land Offensives. Responsibility for the strategic 
direction of the Military forces engaged in joint offensive action on 
land will be in accordance with joint agreements to be entered upon at 
the proper time. In these circumstances unity of command in the theatre 
of operations should be established.

d. British Commonwealth Areas. The British Commonwealth will assume 
responsibility for the strategic direction of associated Military forces 
in all other areas not described in sub-paragraphs a, b, and c next 
above. These areas as initially delimited are: 

   (1) The AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND AREA comprises the Australian and    
   New Zealand British Naval Stations west of Longitude 180  and south 
   of the equator. The British Naval Commander-in-Chief, China is 
   responsible for the strategic direction of the naval forces of the 
   Associated Powers operating in the Australian and New Zealand Area. 

   (2) The UNITED KINGDOM AND BRITISH HOME WATERS AREA comprises the 
   waters to the eastward of Longitude 30  West and to the Northward of 
   Latitude 43  North and the land areas bordering on, and the islands 
   in, the above ocean area. Administrative command of all United States 
   land and air forces stationed in the British Isles and Iceland will 
   be exercised by the Commander, United States Army Forces in Great 
   Britain This officer will have authority to arrange details 
   concerning the organization and location of task forces (organization 
   of units in appropriate formation) and operational control with the 
   War Office and the Air Ministry. 

   (3) The NORTH ATLANTIC AREA. 

   (a) Northern boundary, Latitude 43  North, 
   (b) Southern boundary, Latitude 20  North, 

[14]

   (c) Western boundary, Longitude 40  West 
   (d) Eastern boundary, the coasts of Spain, Portugal, and Africa, and 
   Longitude 5  West, together with the islands and land areas 
   contiguous thereto. 
   (e) Strategic direction of a United States naval force basing on 
   Gibraltar will be exercised by the United Kingdom Chief of Naval 
   Staff except when he specifically delegates it for a stated period as 
   follows: 
      To the British Naval Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, for 
      operations in the Western Mediterranean. 
      To the Commander-in-Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet, for 
      operations in the Central Atlantic. 
   (f) The Commander of United States naval forces basing in Gibraltar 
   will be responsible for administrative matters to the Commander-in-
   Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet. 

   (4) The SOUTH ATLANTIC AREA comprises: 

   (a) The area between Latitudes 20  North and 25  South, bounded on 
   the west by Longitude 30  West and on the east by the African Coast. 
   (b) The South Atlantic Ocean, south of Latitude 25  South between 
   Longitudes 74  West and 33  East, together with the islands and land 
   areas contiguous thereto. 

   (5) The MEDITERRANEAN AND MIDDLE EAST AREAS comprise the 
   Mediterranean Sea east of Longitude 5  West, the Suez Canal, and the 
   islands and countries adjoining them, including the present theatres 
   of operations in North and East Africa. The Black Sea, Iraq, and Aden 
   are also included in this area. 

[15]

   (6) The INDIA AND EAST INDIES AREA comprises: 

   (a) India 
   (b) Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, bounded on 
   the West by the coasts of Africa and Longitude 33  East, and on the 
   East by the western boundaries of the Far East Area and the 
   Australian Station. 
   (c) The islands in the above ocean area. 

17. Collaboration in Planning. a. The High Commands of the United States 
and United Kingdom will collaborate continuously in the formulation and 
execution of strategical policies and plans which shall govern the 
conduct of the war. They and their respective commanders in the field, 
as may be appropriate, will



Page 961

similarly collaborate in the planning and execution of such operations 
as may be undertaken jointly by United States and British forces. This 
arrangement will apply also to such plans and operations as may be 
undertaken separately, the extent of collaboration required in each 
particular plan or operation being agreed mutually when the general 
policy has been decided. 

b. To effect the collaboration outlined in the preceding sub-paragraph, 
and to insure the coordination of administrative action and command 
between the United States and British Military Services, the United 
States and United Kingdom will exchange Military Missions. These 
Missions will comprise one senior officer of each of the Military 
Services, with their appropriate staffs. The functions of these Missions 
will be as follows: 

   (1) To represent jointly, as a corporate body, their own Chiefs of 
       Staff (the Chief of Naval Operations being considered as such), 
       vis-a-vis the group of Chiefs of Staff of the Power to which they 
       are accredited, for the purpose of collaboration in the [16] 
       formulation of Military policies and plans governing the conduct 
       of the war in areas in which that Power assumes responsibility 
       for strategic direction. 
   (2) In their individual capacity to represent their own individual 
       Military Services vis-a-vis the appropriate Military Services of 
       the Power to which they are accredited, in matters of mutual 
       concern in the areas in which that Power assumes responsibility 
       for strategic direction. 

c. The personnel of either Mission shall not become members of any 
regularly constituted body of the government of the Power to which they 
are accredited their staffs will, however, work in direct cooperation 
with the appropriate branches and committees of the staff of the Power 
to which they are accredited. 

d. The United States, as may be necessary, will exchange Liaison 
officers with Canada, Australia, and New Zealand for effectuating direct 
cooperation between United States and Dominion forces. 

e. To promote adequate collaboration and prompt decision, a military 
transportation service will be established between England and the 
United States. Ships and airplanes will be assigned to this service by 
the United States and the United Kingdom as may be found necessary. 

f. Existing Military intelligence organizations of the two powers will 
operate as independent intelligence agencies, but will maintain close 
liaison with each other in order to ensure the full and prompt exchange 
of pertinent information concerning war operations. Intelligence liaison 
will be established not only through the Military Missions but also 
between all echelons of command in the field with respect to matters 
which affect their operations. 

[17]                       Communications

18. The United States and the United Kingdom will establish in London 
the "Associated Communication Committee" which is to be constituted as 
follows: 

a. A representative of the United States Army and a representative of 
the United States Navy, who are members of the staff of the United 
States Military Mission in London. 

b. Representatives of the British Combined Signals Board in the United 
Kingdom. 

19. The Associated Communications Committee will be the supreme 
controlling body with relation to intercommunications by radio (W/T), 
wire, visual, and sound affecting the armed services and the merchant 
marines of the two nations. 

                  Control and Protection of Shipping

20. The British authorities will issue directions for the control and 
protection of shipping of the Associated Powers within the areas in 
which British authorities assume responsibility for the strategic 
direction of Military forces. United States authorities will issue 
directions for the control and protection of shipping of the associated 
Powers within the areas in which the United States authorities assume 
responsibility for the strategic direction of Military forces. 

21. United States and British shipping scheduled to pass from an area 
assigned to one Power into an area assigned to the other Power, will be 
controlled and protected by agreement between the respective naval 
authorities. The British Admiralty is the supreme authority in the 
control of shipping in the North Atlantic bound to and from the United 
Kingdom. 

22. The British Naval Control Service Organization will continue in the 
exercise of its present functions and methods in all regions pending 
establishment 



Page 962

of effective United States Agencies in United States areas. The Chief of 
Naval Operations, immediately on entry of the United States into the 
war, will arrange for the control and protection of shipping of United 
[18] States registry or charter within United States Areas. Requests 
from the British Naval Control Service Organization for protection by 
United States forces within United States areas will be made to the 
Chief of Naval Operations. 

23. Special Relationship between Canada and the United States. Joint 
Agreements are being drawn up by the Permanent Joint Board on Defense, 
United States-Canada, regarding the cooperation of the Armed forces of 
the United States and Canada in the areas in which the United States has 
strategic direction. When completed, the substance of these agreements, 
(Short Title ABC-22), will be incorporated in this plan. 

[19]                   SECTION VI. GENERAL TASKS

24. Joint General Task. In cooperation with the other Associated Powers 
defeat the Axis Powers, and guard United States national interests, by: 

a. Reducing Axis economic power to wage war, by blockade, raids, and a 
sustained air offensive; 

b. Destroying Axis military power by raids and an eventual land, naval, 
and air offensive;

c. Protecting the sea communications of the Associated Powers;

d. Preventing the extension in the Western Hemisphere of European or 
Asiatic military power; and by 

e. Protecting outlying Military base areas and islands of strategic 
importance against land, air, or sea-borne attack. 

[20]                      SECTION VII. TASKS

25. The tasks of the Army and Navy, as set forth in this section, are 
those listed in, or derived from, the tasks of ABC-1, Annex III. 

26. These tasks as stated do not include the assistance which may be 
furnished by the Armed Forces of Latin-American Republics. Such 
assistance may reduce the total of forces required but will not change 
the character of the operations.

                     The Western Atlantic Area

27. Definition. The Atlantic Ocean Area, together with Islands and 
contiguous continental land areas north of latitude 25  South, and west 
of Longitude 30  West except the area between Latitudes 20  North and 
43  North which lies east of Longitude 40  West. 

28. Army Tasks. a. In conjunction with Naval forces, protect the 
territory of the Associated Powers and prevent the extension of Axis 
military power into the Western Hemisphere by destroying enemy 
expeditionary forces and by denying use to the enemy of existing or 
potential air, land, and Naval bases in that Hemisphere. 

b. In conjunction with naval forces, support Latin American Republics 
against invasion or political domination by the Axis Powers by defeating 
or expelling enemy forces or forces supporting the enemy in the Western 
Hemisphere. 

c. Support the naval forces in the protection of the sea communications 
of the Associated Powers and in the destruction of Axis sea 
communications by offensive action against enemy forces or commerce 
located within tactical operating radius of occupied air bases. 

d. Relieve British forces in Curacao and Aruba. 

e. Provide defensive garrisons for Newfoundland, Bermuda, Jamaica, 
Trinidad, St. Lucia, Antigua, and British Guiana. 

[21] f. In cooperation with the Navy defend Coastal Frontiers, Defense 
Command Areas and specified localities in categories of defense 
prescribed in paragraph 47. 

g. Build up forces in the United States for eventual offensive action 
against Germany. 

h. Prepare to relieve Marine Forces in the Azores and Cape Verde Islands 
if such garrisons have been established. 

29. Army Forces. a. 1941 Troop basis plus all augmentations, less 
detachments. 

b. Local defense forces.



Page 963

c. One reinforced Corps of three divisions, including appropriate Air 
forces maintained in the United States as a reserve for the support of 
overseas garrisons and Latin American Republics. 

Note: For overseas movements see paragraph 51. 

30. Navy Tasks. a. Protect the sea communications of the Associated 
Powers by escorting, covering, and patrolling, and by destroying enemy 
raiding forces. 

b. Destroy Axis sea communications by capturing or destroying vessels 
trading directly or indirectly with the enemy.

c. Protect the territory of the Associated Powers and prevent the 
extension of enemy military power into the Western Hemisphere, by 
destroying hostile expeditionary forces and by supporting land and air 
forces in denying the enemy the use of land positions in that 
hemisphere. 

d. In cooperation with the Army defend Coastal Frontiers and specified 
localities in categories of defense prescribed in paragraph 47. 

[22] e. Protect and route shipping in the Coastal Zones. 

f. Prepare to occupy the Azores and the Cape Verde Islands. 

31. Navy Forces. a. The Atlantic Fleet, less detachments. 

b. Naval Coastal Frontier Forces. 

                            The Pacific Area. 

32. Definition. The Pacific Ocean Area, together with islands and 
contiguous continental land areas, is as follows:
   a. North of Latitude 30  North and west of Longitude 140  East. 
   b. North of the equator and east of Longitude 140  East. 
   c. South of the equator and east of Longitude 180  to South American 
      coast and Longitude 74  West. 

33. Army Tasks. a. In conjunction with naval forces, protect the 
territory of the Associated Powers and prevent the extension of Axis 
military power into the Western Hemisphere by destroying enemy 
expeditionary forces and by denying use to the enemy of existing or 
potential air, land, and naval bases in that Hemisphere. 

b. In conjunction with naval forces, support Latin American Republics 
against invasion or political domination by the Axis Powers by defeating 
or expelling enemy forces or forces supporting the enemy in the Western 
Hemisphere. 

[23] c. Support the naval forces in the protection of the sea 
communications of the Associated Powers and in the destruction of Axis 
sea communications by offensive action against enemy forces or commerce 
located within tactical operating radius of occupied air bases. 

d. In cooperation with the Navy defend Coastal Frontiers, Defense 
Command Areas and specified localities in categories of defense 
prescribed in paragraph 47. 

34. Army Forces. a. Local defense forces. 

b. One reinforced Division, including appropriate air forces maintained 
in the United States as a reserve for the support of Latin American 
Republics on the West Coast of South America.

Note: For overseas movements see paragraph 51. 

35. Navy Tasks. a. Support the forces of the Associated Powers in the 
Far East by diverting enemy strength away from the Malay Barrier through 
the denial and capture of positions in the Marshalls, and through raids 
on enemy sea communications and positions. 

b. Destroy Axis sea communications by capturing or destroying vessels 
trading directly or indirectly with the enemy. 

c. Protect the sea communications of the Associated Powers within the 
Pacific Area. 

d. Support British naval forces in the area south of the equator, as far 
west as Longitude 155  East. 

e. Protect the territory of the Associated Powers within the Pacific 
area, and prevent the extension of enemy military power into the Western 
Hemisphere, by destroying [24] hostile expeditions and by supporting 
land and air forces in denying the enemy the use of land positions in 
that Hemisphere. 

f. Prepare to capture and establish control over the Caroline and 
Marshall Island area. 

g. Defend Midway, Johnston, Palmyra, Samoa and Guam. 

h. In cooperation with the Army defend Coastal Frontiers and specified 
localities in categories of defense prescribed in paragraph 47. 

i. Route shipping in the Pacific Area. 

36. Navy Forces. a. The Pacific Fleet, less detachments. 

b. Naval Coastal Frontier Forces. 



Page 964

                            The Far East Area

37. Army Tasks. In cooperation with the Navy defend the Philippine 
Coastal Frontier-Category of Defense "E". 

38. Army Forces. Local Defense Forces, augmented only by such personnel 
and facilities as are available locally. 

39. Navy Tasks. a. Raid Japanese sea communications and destroy Axis 
forces. 

b. Support the land and air forces in the defense of the territories of 
the Associated Powers. (The responsibility of the Commander-in-Chief, 
United States Asiatic Fleet, for supporting the defense of the 
Philippines remains so long as that defense continues.) 

[25] c. Destroy Axis sea communications by capturing or destroying 
vessels trading directly or indirectly with the enemy. 

d. Protect sea communications of the Associated Powers by escorting, 
covering and patrolling, and by destroying enemy raiding forces. 

e. In cooperation with the Army defend the Philippine Coastal Frontier- 
Category of Defense "E". 

40. Navy Forces. a. The Asiatic Fleet. 

                 United Kingdom and British Home Waters

41. Definition. a. Waters to the eastward of Longitude 30  West and to 
the Northward of Latitude 43  North. 

b. Land areas bordering on, and islands in the above ocean area. 

42. Army Tasks. a. In cooperation with the Royal Air Force conduct 
offensive air operations primarily against objectives in Germany, and 
against attempted invasion or blockade as demanded by the situation. 

b. Provide for the ground defense of occupied bases and air defense of 
those general areas in the British Isles in which bases used primarily 
by United States Naval forces are located, and subsequently of such 
other areas as may be agreed upon. 

c. Provide a token force for the defense of the British Isles. 

[26] d. Relieve, as soon as practicable, the British garrison in Iceland 
and in cooperation with the Navy defend that island-Category of Defense 
"D".

43. Army Forces. Subject to the availability of trained and equipped 
forces: 
   a. British Isles.
      3 Heavy Bombardment Groups
      2 Medium Bombardment Groups
      3 Pursuit Groups
      Approximately 10 Anti-aircraft Regiments
      Approximately 10 Infantry Battalions (Bases)
      One reinforced Regiment (Token Force)

   b. Iceland. 
      One reinforced Division. 

Note: For overseas movements see paragraphs 51. 

44. Navy Tasks and Forces. a. Northwest Escort Force. 

Task. Escort Convoys in the Northwest Approaches, acting under the 
strategic direction of the British Commander-in-Chief of the Western 
Approaches. 

b. Submarine Force Three. 

Task. Raid enemy shipping in an area to be designated later, acting 
under the strategic direction of the British Vice Admiral, Submarines. 

                          North Atlantic Area. 

[27] 45. Definition. The North Atlantic Area is defined as follows: 

a. Northern boundary, Latitude 43  North. 
b. Southern boundary, Latitude 20  North. 
c. Western boundary, Longitude 40  West. 
d. Eastern boundary, the Coasts of Spain, Portugal, and Africa, and 
   Longitude 5  West 

46. Navy Tasks and Forces. a. Submarine Force Two. 

Task. Raid enemy shipping in the Mediterranean under the strategic 
direction of the Commander in-Chief, Mediterranean, acting through the 
Flag Officer Commanding North Atlantic. 

Note: As soon as the situation in the Pacific permits their transfer to 
the Atlantic, United States naval forces may be assigned the following 
tasks in this area, unless the strategic situation in the Atlantic at 
that time dictates a different decision.



Page 965

b. Protect the sea communications of the Associated Powers by escorting, 
covering, and patrolling, and by destroying enemy raiding forces. 

c. Destroy Axis sea communications by capturing or destroying vessels 
trading directly or indirectly with the enemy. 

d. Raid Axis sea communications, territories and forces in the Western 
Mediterranean. 

[28] 47. Categories of Defense. The Categories of Defense listed in this 
paragraph apply to all Defense Command Areas, Coastal Frontiers, Naval 
Coastal Frontiers and isolated positions.

Northeast Defense Command and North Atlantic Coastal Frontier
 except United States Bases in Newfoundland                   Category B
United States Bases in Newfoundland                           Category C
Southern Defense Command and Southern Coastal Frontier        Category B
Caribbean Defense Command and Panama and Caribbean Coastal
 Frontiers                                                    Category D
Western Defense Command and Pacific Coastal Frontier, except
 Alaska                                                       Category B
   Alaska, Less Unalaska                                      Category C
   Unalaska                                                   Category D
   Hawaiian Coastal Frontier                                  Category D
   Philippine Coastal Frontier                                Category E
Note: No Army reinforcements will be sent to the Philippine
Coastal Frontier.
   Bermuda                                                    Category C
   Iceland                                                    Category D
   Midway, Johnston, Palmyra                                  Category D
   Guam                                                       Category F

48. Joint Plans to be prepared. The provisions of paragraph 42 e. "Joint 
Action of the Army and the Navy" in conflict with the provisions of this 
paragraph will be disregarded.

a. Joint Coastal Frontier Defense Plans. 

b. Joint Sector Defense Plans, except that the Sector Defense Plans for 
Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the British Columbia Sectors will be made 
as required by ABC-22. 

c. Joint Sub-sector Defense Plans and Defensive Coastal Area Plans as 
directed by the Joint Coastal Frontier Defense Plans.

d. Joint Embarkation Plans for the embarkation of the Army units, 
specified in paragraph 51 a, to be prepared by the Commanding Generals, 
Army Ports of Embarkation and the Commandants of the Naval Districts in 
which these ports are located. 

[29]                 SECTION VIII. OVERSEAS MOVEMENTS

49. Army Tasks. Move troops to ports of embarkation as required. 

50. Navy Tasks. Provide sea transportation for the initial movement and 
the continued support of Army and Navy forces overseas. Man and operate 
the Army Transport Service. 

51. Overseas Movements of Army Troops. The plan in this paragraph 51 is 
based on the assumption that M-day will occur prior to September 1, 
1941. Movements on the dates given in certain sub-paragraphs will not be 
made unless M-day has occurred before such date. 

a. The Navy will assemble material and make specific plans for the troop 
movements specified in this subparagraph a.
   (1) NEW YORK to ICELAND, 26,500 troops, 73 aircraft. 
       First contingent-10,500 troops embark on 24-M. 
       Second contingent-16,000 troops embark on 57-M. 
   These two movements will be made by British transports if 
   arrangements can be effected. If not, this plan contemplates use of 
   United States transports.
   (2) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 7,000 troops, embark on 10-M.
   (3) NEW YORK to IRELAND, 8,000 troops, embark on 10-M.
   These two forces, sub-paragraphs (2) and (3), will move in one 
   convoy. The Northwest Escort Force will move with this convoy 
   (4) NEW YORK to BERMUDA, 3,700 troops, 41 aircraft, embark on 18-M. 
   Eight aircraft will fly to destination, 33 aircraft will be 
   transported. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 



Page 966

[30] 

   (5) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 8,000 troops, 73 aircraft, embark September 
   1, 1941. 16 aircraft will be transported, 57 aircraft will fly to 
   destination. 
   (6) NEW YORK to IRELAND, 7,000 troops, 105 aircraft, embark October 
   1, 1941. Aircraft will be transported. 
   (7) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 6,600 troops, 60 aircraft, embark October 1, 
   1941. 57 aircraft will fly to destination, three aircraft will be 
   transported. 
   These two forces sub-paragraphs (6) and (7), will move in one convoy.
   (8) NEW YORK to IRELAND, 11,600 troops, 200 aircraft embark November 
   1, 1941. Aircraft will be transported. 
   (9) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 7,000 troops, 38 aircraft, embark January 1, 
   1942. 35 aircraft will fly to destination, 3 aircraft will be 
   transported. 
   (10) NEW YORK to ENGLAND, 13,000 troops, 76 aircraft, embark on 
   February 1, 1942. 70 Aircraft will fly to destination, six aircraft 
   will be transported. 
   (11) GALVESTON to CURACAO-ARUBA, 6,000 troops, embark on 15-M. 
   (12) GALVESTON to TRINIDAD, 12,500 troops embark on 15-M. 
   (13) GALVESTON to PANAMA, 6,400 troops, of which 3,300 embark on 20-
   M. The remainder will be transported progressively as ships become 
   available. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 
   (14) GALVESTON to PUERTO RICO, 12,600 troops, of which 4,000 embark 
   20-M. The remainder will be transported progressively as ships become 
   available. Part of this force may be moved before M-day. 

[31]

   (15) SEATTLE to ALASKA, 23,000 troops, of which 1,100 embark on 10-M. 
   The remainder will be transported progressively as ships become 
   available. Part or all of these troops may be moved before M-day. 
   (16) SAN FRANCISCO to HAWAII, 23,000 troops, of which 15,000 embark 
   on 10-M. The remainder will be transported progressively as ships 
   become available. Part of these troops may be moved before M-day. 

b. The movements of the troops in this sub-paragraph b are contingent 
upon unpredictable eventualities. The Navy will not prepare material nor 
make specific plans for these movements in advance of M-day. 

   (1) GALVESTON to WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA, 24,000 troops, 80 
   aircraft will prepare to embark at Galveston on 45-M. If the Panama 
   Canal is not open, these troops will embark at San Francisco. 
   (2) NEW YORK and GALVESTON to EAST COAST of LATIN AMERICA, 86,000 
   troops, 56 aircraft, will prepare to embark 90-M. The 56 aircraft may 
   be flown to destination. 
   (3) NEW YORK and GALVESTON to TRANSATLANTIC DESTINATIONS, 83,000 
   troops will be prepared to embark 20-M; desired minimum rate of 
   movement 60,000 troops per month. 
   (4) EXPEDITIONARY FORCE, One Army, two Corps, ten Divisions will be 
   prepared to embark at East Coast and Gulf ports beginning 180-M. 

                   SECTION IX. SUPPORTING MEASURES

[32] 52. Theaters of Operation. The designation and delimitation of 
additional land and sea theaters of operations to meet the developments 
of the situation covered by this Plan will be announced when the Plan is 
put into effect. 

53. Time of Execution. M-Day is the time origin for the execution of 
this Plan. M-Day may precede a declaration of war or the occurrence of 
hostile acts. As a precautionary measure, the War and Navy Departments 
may initiate or put into effect certain features of this Plan prior to 
M-Day. 

54. Personnel. The Army and Navy requirements for increased personnel 
will be met by the operation of the Selective Training and Service Act 
of 1940. 

55. Ports of Embarkation. The Army will establish, when required, 
additional ports of embarkation at: 

   New Orleans, La.
   Galveston, Texas
   Boston, Mass.
   Charleston, S. C

56. Material. The United States will continue to furnish material aid to 
the United Kingdom, but for the use of itself and its other associates, 
will retain material in such quantities as to provide for security and 
best to effectuate United States-British joint plans for defeating 
Germany and her Allies. Subject 



Page 967

to the foregoing, the material to fill the requirements of the Army and 
Navy under this plan will come from existing reserves of the respective 
services and from production sources developed under Army and Navy 
Procurement Plans. In all cases where surveys indicate that reserves and 
existing production will not meet requirements, the War and Navy 
Departments will [33] each be responsible for providing the additional 
production necessary to meet deficiencies of their respective services, 
except in cases where one Department furnishes the other with the 
material involved. 

57. Supply Levels. Supply levels will be maintained for forces operating 
in the areas or positions as indicated by the tentative figures given in 
this paragraph. Final figures pertaining to building up initial levels 
will be established after a detailed joint examination of the problems 
involved. 

a. Supplies other than ammunition. 
 
   (1) Iceland                   30 days, build up to 60 days within six 
                                    months. 
   (2) British Isles             Except pursuit aircraft, 30 days, build 
                                   up to 60 days within six months. 
                                 Pursuit Aircraft 
                                 60 days, build up to 120 days within 
                                    six months. 
   (3) Panama and Caribbean      30 days, build up to 45 days within six 
       Coastal Frontiers.           months. 
   (4) Newfoundland and Alaska   30 Days build up to 60 Days within six    
      (Less Unalaska).              months.
   (5) Unalaska                  60 days, build up to 90 days within six
                                    months.
   (6) Bermuda                   Maintain at 30 days.
   (7) Hawaii                    Maintain at 70 days.

[34]

   (8) Philippines               As the situation may permit, the 
                                    desirable standard being the 
                                    maintenance of stocks at 90 days' 
                                    supply. 

b. Ammunition for places listed under 57 a: 

   (1) For all troops included in a project; complete the project and 
       then maintain at that level. 
   (2) For ground troops not included in a project; establish and then 
       maintain five times the mobilization allowance. 
   (3) For Air Corps troops not included in a project (less pursuit 
       aviation in British Isles): Ammunition for 30 days' operation; 
       build up to 60 days within six months. 
   (4) Pursuit aviation in the British Isles: Ammunition for 60 days' 
       operations; build up to 120 days within six months. 

58. Industrial Planning. For Industrial planning purposes, and with due 
regard to decisions that may be made with respect to supplies to other 
Associated Powers, the industrial capacity of the nation will be 
allocated in conformity with the following general policy: 

a. The Army and the Navy shall each continue to plan for maximum 
industrial needs. 

b. When the available capacity of the nation to produce does not meet 
the requirements of the Army, Navy, and Associated Powers, such 
priorities as necessary to support the strategic situation will be 
established by The Joint Board and administered by the Army and Navy 
Munitions Board, in keeping with national policy. 

[35] c. When plans contemplate that one Service procure for and deliver 
material to the other Service, the manufacturing facilities needed to 
produce such material shall be taken into consideration when a division 
of capacity is made. Under this provision, all ship-building plants will 
be allocated to the Navy and the Navy will furnish the Army with such 
overseas transportation as the Army may require, consistent with 
national strategic needs as a whole. 

59. Supporting Legislative Program. The War and Navy Departments jointly 
shall have prepared by appropriate agencies, such drafts of legislation, 
Presidential Proclamations, and Executive Orders affecting both the Army 
and the Navy as are deemed necessary for the execution of this Joint 
Plan. 

60. Exertion of Financial and Economic Pressure. The Administrator of 
Export Control, jointly with the War and Navy Departments is to prepare 
plans and programs for the application of economic pressure such as may 
be obtained 



Page 968

through control of commodities, transportation, communication, financial 
relationships and all related means. 

61. Cooperation with Other Departments of the Government. The War and 
Navy Departments, jointly with other departments or agencies of the 
Government shall have prepared plans or programs covering the following 
subjects: 

   a. Intelligence Service
   b. Censorship and Publicity.
   c. Mobilization of Resources.

                     SECTION X. DIPLOMATIC MEASURES

[36] 62. With respect to Latin American Republics, confirmation should 
be sought that each State will make available to the armed forces of the 
United States, immediately as the necessity arises in carrying out 
operations for Hemisphere Defense, or in behalf of any State, the use of 
its available sea, air, and land bases.

63. A special agreement should be sought with Brazil to the effect that 
the defense of the Western Hemisphere and the protection of its sea 
communications may require use by the United States of Brazilian sea, 
air and land bases and commercial port facilities for the projection of 
naval, land or air operations to the African continent. The most 
important areas in this respect are the coastal zones and territorial 
waters extending from Belem to Bahia and including the Island of Ferando 
do Noronha. 

64. Diplomatic and economic pressure should be directed towards securing 
the acquiescence of the powers concerned for the protective occupation 
when necessary of Eire, the Azores, the Cape Verde Islands, and French 
North Africa. 

65. Diplomatic and economic support should be given to Governments in 
exile, to China, to neutrals and to populations in occupied territory in 
order to encourage opposition to the Axis Powers. 

66. Acquiescence of the Netherlands Government in London for protective 
occupation of Curacao and Aruba will be secured by the British 
Government. 

[37]                   ANNEX I. COASTAL FRONTIERS

Reference: (a) Joint Action of the Army and the Navy, 1935. 

1. For purposes of this Plan, this ANNEX I to Joint Army and Navy Basic 
War Plan-RAINBOW No. 5 temporarily amends Section IV of reference (a), 
as indicated herein. 

2. Change paragraph 33 of reference (a) to read: 
   "33. Joint organization and command. 
   "a. Coastal divisions with geographical coterminous boundaries within 
   which an Army officer and a Naval officer will exercise command over 
   the Army forces and the Navy forces, respectively, assigned for the 
   defense of these divisions, have been established in order to provide 
   a joint organization and to ensure the effective coordination of Army 
   and Navy forces employed in coastal frontier defense. These coastal 
   divisions comprise coastal frontiers, sectors, and sub-sectors. The 
   system of coastal frontiers includes certain outlying land, island 
   and sea areas, as well as the coasts of continental United States. 
   The joint organization, together with the commanders responsible for 
   the execution of security measures on and after M-day and the 
   necessary peacetime planning therefor, are as stated below. 

NOTE: The preceding sub-paragraph, for purposes of this plan, modifies 
Chapter V, paragraph 26 a, Section I of reference (a). 

   "b. A Defense Command is a geographical area within which an Army 
   officer is responsible for the coordination or preparation, and for 
   the execution of all plans for the employment of Army forces and 
   installations lying within the command boundaries, where pertinent, a 
   Defense Command includes one or more coastal frontiers and may 
   include isolated localities. (See map attached showing defense 
   commands in continental United States.) 
   "c. Normally a naval coastal frontier includes the coastal zone 
   adjacent to the coastal frontier. In certain cases, two naval coastal 
   frontiers may be included in a coastal frontier; in other cases the 
   naval coastal frontier includes waters which extend beyond the limits 
   of the coastal frontier. 

[38]

   "d. The provisions of ABC-22 may prescribe the extension of the North 
   Atlantic coastal frontier and the Pacific coastal frontier to include 
   part of the territory and coastal waters of Canada.



Page 969

   "e. Coordination between Army and Navy forces in coastal frontier 
   operations shall be by the method of mutual cooperation, subject to 
   the provisions of paragraph 9 b." 

3. Change paragraph 34 of reference (a) to read as follows: 
   "34. North Atlantic coastal frontier. 
   "a. Boundaries.
      Northern.-Northern boundary of the United States, but including 
         United States bases in Newfoundland. This may later be modified 
         by ABC-22. 
      Southern.-Diamond Shoals Lightship, Hatteras Inlet inclusive, 
         southern and western boundary of Dare County (N. C.), Albemarle 
         Sound, Chowan River, Virginia-North Carolina boundary to the 
         west, all inclusive.
   "b. Commanders.
      Army.-The Commanding General, Northeast Defense Command, or an 
      officer, designated by him. 
      Navy.-The Commandant, Third Naval District, who is designated as 
      the Commander North Atlantic naval coastal frontier. This officer 
      also commands the naval coastal frontier force, composed of the 
      naval coastal force under his immediate command, and the naval 
      local defense forces of the First, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Naval 
      Districts under the command of the commandants of the naval 
      districts concerned. The officers named will arrange for the joint 
      tactical employment in cooperation with the Army, of the naval 
      forces assigned to their respective commands.

[39]

   "c. Sectors.-The North Atlantic coastal frontier is divided into the 
   following defense sectors:
      (1) Newfoundland sector.
         (a) Boundaries: These may later be established by ABC-22.
             The sector now consists of the United States bases in 
             Newfoundland.
         (b) Commanders.
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Northeast
                Defense Command.
             Navy.-Commander, Naval Operating Base, Newfoundland.
      (2) New England sector.
         (a) Boundaries.
             Northern.-Northern boundary of the United States.
             Southern.-Nantucket Shoals Lightship, exclusive; Block 
                Island, inclusive; Rhode Island-Connecticut boundary.
         (b) Commanders. 
             Army.-As designated by Commanding General, Northeast 
               Defense Command. 
             Navy.-The Commandant, First Naval District. 
         (c) This sector is subdivided into the Portland, Boston, and 
                Newport sub-sectors, with boundaries as follows: 

[40] 

                1. Between the Portland and the Boston sub-sectors: 
                   Northern boundary of Massachusetts. 
                2. Between the Boston and the Newport sub-sectors: 
                   Pollock Rip Slue Lightship, Monomy Light, Bishop and 
                   Clerk's Light, Cotuit Bay, Bourne, Taunton, northern 
                   boundary of Rhode Island, all to Boston sub-sector. 
      (3) New York sector. 
         (a) Boundaries. 
             Northern.-Nantucket Shoals Lightship, inclusive; Block 
                Island, exclusive; Rhode Island-Connecticut boundary. 
             Southern.-Point Pleasant, Bordentown, both exclusive; 
                Trenton, inclusive. 
         (b) Commanders. 
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Northeast 
                Defense Command. 
             Navy.-Commandant, Third Naval District. 
         (c) This sector is subdivided into the Long Island and New 
                Jersey sub-sectors with boundary as follows: 
                Between sub-sectors: The Sandy Hook Peninsula and lower 
                   New York Bay to the Long Island sub-sector. 



Page 970

      (4) Delaware-Chesapeake sector.
         (a) Boundaries. 
             Northern.-Point Pleasant, Bordentown, both inclusive; 
                Trenton exclusive. 
[41]         Southern.-Diamond Shoal Lightship, Hatteras Inlet 
                inclusive; southern and western boundary of Dare County 
                (N. C.) Albemarle Sound, Chowan River; Virginia-North 
                Carolina boundary to the west, all inclusive. This 
                sector will be subdivided into the Delaware and the 
                Chesapeake sub-sectors, with the boundary as Winter 
                Quarter Shoal Lightship (to Delaware sub-sector), 
                southern and western boundary of Delaware. 
         (b) Commanders. 
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Northeast 
                Defense Command. 
             Navy.-There is no naval commander of this sector. The 
                Commandant, Fourth Naval District, commands the naval 
                local defense force in the Delaware sub-sector, and the 
                Commandant, Fifth Naval District, commands the naval 
                local defense force in the Chesapeake sub-sector. The 
                Commandant, Fifth Naval District, coordinates operations 
                and war planning of the naval local defense forces of 
                the Fourth and Fifth Naval Districts."

4. Change paragraph 35 of reference (a) to read as follows: 
   "35. Southern coastal frontier. 
   "a. Boundaries. 
       Northern.-Diamond Shoal Lightship, Hatteras Inlet, exclusive; 
          southern and western boundary of Dare County (N. C.), 
          Albemarle Sound, Chowan River; Virginia-North Carolina 
          boundary to the west, all exclusive. 
[42]   Southern.-The Rio Grande. The coastal zone extends southeastward 
          and southward to the northwestern boundary of the Caribbean 
          naval coastal frontier, so as to include the Gulf of Mexico 
          and such parts of Bahaman waters and the Caribbean Sea as to 
          lie to the northward of that boundary. 
   "b. Commanders. 
       Army.-The Commanding General, Southern Defense Command, or an 
          officer designated by him.
       Navy.-The Commandant, Sixth Naval District, who is designated as 
          the Commander Southern naval coastal frontier. This officer 
          exercises command over the naval coastal frontier force,   
          composed of the naval coastal force under his immediate 
          command, and the naval local defense forces of the Sixth, 
          Seventh, and Eighth Naval Districts under the immediate 
          command of the commandants of the naval districts concerned. 
          The officers named will arrange for the joint tactical      
          employment, in cooperation with the Army, of the naval forces      
          assigned to their respective commands. 
   "c. Sectors.-This frontier will be subdivided into defense sectors of 
          Carolina Florida, and Gulf, corresponding territorially to the 
          Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Naval Districts, respectively." 

5. Insert in reference (a) the following new paragraphs: 
   "35A. Caribbean coastal frontier. 
   "a. Boundaries. 
       All United States territories and possessions, and United States 
       military and naval reservations and activities on shore located 
       within an area bounded as follows: 
[43]   Beginning at latitude 18 05' North, longitude 87 32' West thence 
       by a line bearing 63  true to the 25th parallel of latitude 
       thence by the 25th parallel of latitude to the 65th meridian of 
       longitude, thence by a line direct to latitude 2  North, 
       longitude 49  West, thence by a line direct to the place of 
       beginning. The coastal zone includes all of the waters within 
       these boundaries, as well as the sea lanes and focal points 
       beyond, but near, the eastern boundary.
   "b. Commanders
       Army.-The Commanding General, Caribbean Defense Command, or an 
          officer designated by him. 
       Navy.-The Commandant, Tenth Naval District, who is designated as 
          the Commander, Caribbean naval coastal frontier. This officer 
          also commands the naval local defense force, and will arrange 
          for its joint tactical and strategical employment in 
          cooperation with the Army. 



Page 971

   "c. Sectors-The Caribbean coastal frontier is divided into the 
       following defense sectors: 
      (1) Guantanamo sector. 
         (a) Boundaries.-The area within the Caribbean coastal frontier 
                lying westward of a line passing through Cape Isabela 
                and Beata Point, Hispaniola, extended to cut the 
                northern and the southwestern coastal frontier 
                boundaries. 
         (b) Commanders 
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Caribbean 
                Defense Command. 
[44]         Navy.-Commander, Naval Operating Base, Guantanamo, Cuba. 
      (2) Puerto Rico sector. 
         (a) Boundaries.-The area within the Caribbean coastal frontier 
                lying eastward of the eastern boundary of the Guantanamo 
                sector, and northward of the 15th parallel of north 
                latitude. 
         (b) Commanders 
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Caribbean 
                Defense Command. 
             Navy.-The Commandant, Tenth Naval District. 
      (3) Trinidad sector. 
         (a) Boundaries.-The area within the Caribbean coastal frontier 
                lying eastward of the eastern boundary of the Guantanamo 
                sector, and southward of the 15th parallel of north 
                latitude. 
         (b) Commanders. 
             Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Caribbean 
                Defense Command. 
             Navy.-The Commander, Naval Operating Base, Trinidad." 

6. Insert in reference (a) the following new paragraph: 
   "35B. Panama coastal frontier. 

[45]

   "a. Boundaries. 
       All United States territories and possessions, and United States 
       military and naval reservations and activities on shore located 
       within the following area: British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, 
       El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and 
       Ecuador, all land areas between the southwestern boundary of the 
       Caribbean coastal frontier and the coasts of Central and South 
       America; and all land areas between the coasts of Central and 
       South America and a broken line drawn from the Mexico-Guatemala 
       border to a point in latitude 5  South, longitude 95  West, and 
       thence to Peru-Ecuador border. The coastal zone includes all the 
       waters within these boundaries, as well as the sea lanes beyond, 
       but near, the western and southern boundaries. 
   "b. Commanders. 
       Army.-The Commanding General, Caribbean Defense Command, or an 
          officer designated by him. 
       Navy.-The Commandant, Fifteenth Naval District, who is designated 
          as the Commander, Panama naval coastal frontier. This officer 
          also commands the naval local defense force, and will arrange 
          for its joint tactical and strategical employment in 
          cooperation with the Army. 
   "c. Sectors
       The Panama coastal frontier is divided into the following defense 
       sectors: 
       (1) Atlantic sector. 
           (a) Boundaries.-The area within the Panama coastal frontier 
               lying between the northeastern boundary and the 
               continental divide.
           (b) Commanders. 
               Army.-As designated by Commanding General, Caribbean 
                  Defense Command. 
               Navy.-The Commandant, Fifteenth Naval District. 
       (2) Pacific sector. 
           (a) Boundaries.-The area within the Panama coastal frontier 
               lying between the continental divide and the western and 
               southern boundaries.
           (b) Commanders.
               Army.-As designated by the Commanding General, Caribbean
                  Defense Command.
               Navy.-The Commandant, Fifteenth Naval District."



Page 972

7. Insert in reference (a) the following new paragraph:
   "35C. The Caribbean defense command includes all the land and water 
   areas lying within the boundaries of the Caribbean coastal frontier 
   and the Panama coastal frontier."

8. Change paragraph 36 of reference (a) to read:
   "36. Pacific coastal frontier.
   "a. Boundaries.
      Northern.-Northern boundary of Washington except that Alaska is 
         part of the Pacific coastal frontier. This frontier may later 
         be changed as required by ABC-22.
[47]  Southern.-Southern boundary of the United States. The coastal
         zone extends southeastward to abreast the southern boundary of 
         Mexico. 
         (1) Pacific naval coastal frontiers.-The Pacific coastal 
             frontier is divided into two naval coastal frontiers, 
             i. e., the Pacific Southern naval coastal frontier, and the 
             Pacific Northern naval coastal frontier. The boundary 
             between the two naval coastal frontiers is the northern
             boundary of California.
   "b. Commanders.
      Army.-The Commanding General, Western Defense Command, or an
         officer designated by him.
      Navy.-(1) The Commandant, Twelfth Naval District, who is also 
         designated as the Commander, Pacific Southern naval coastal 
         frontier.
         (2) The Commander, Pacific Southern naval coastal frontier, 
         also commands the Pacific Southern naval coastal frontier 
         force, composed of the naval coastal force under his immediate 
         command and the naval local defense forces of the Eleventh and 
         Twelfth Naval Districts under the command of the commandants of 
         the naval districts concerned.
         (3) The Commander, Pacific Northern naval coastal frontier, is 
         the Commandant, Thirteenth Naval District. This officer also 
         commands the naval local defense force assigned to his 
         district.
         (4) The Commander, Pacific Southern naval coastal frontier, and
         the Commander, Pacific Northern naval coastal frontier, will 
         arrange for the joint tactical employment, in cooperation with 
         the Army, of the naval forces assigned to their respective 
         commands.

[48] 

   "c. Sectors.-This frontier is subdivided into the Southern 
   California, Northern California, Northwestern, and Alaskan sectors, 
   as follows:
      (1) Boundary between the Southern California and Northern 
          California sectors, Santa Maria River.
      (2) Boundary between the Northern California and the Northwestern
          sector is the northern boundary of California.
      (3) Northern boundary of the Northwestern sector is the northern 
          boundary of Washington.
      (4) The boundaries of Alaska define the Alaskan sector.
   "d. Sectors of this frontier are further subdivided into sub-sectors 
   with boundaries as follows:
      (1) San Diego sub-sector: Mexican boundary to San Mateo Point, 
          inclusive.
      (2) San Pedro sub-sector: San Mateo Point, exclusive, to Santa 
          Maria River, exclusive.
      (3) Monterey sub-sectors: Santa Maria River, inclusive, to Pigeon 
          Point, inclusive.
      (4) San Francisco sub-sector: Pigeon Point, exclusive, to northern 
          boundary of California.
      (5) Columbia River sub-sector: Northern boundary of California to
          Moclips, Wash., inclusive.
      (6) Seattle sub-sector: Moclips, Wash., exclusive, to northern 
          boundary  of Washington.
[49]  (7) Sitka naval sub-sector: Alaska east of longitude 141  West.
      (8) Kodiak naval sub-sector: Alaska west of longitude 141  West.

9. Insert in reference (a) the following new paragraphs:
   "36A. Hawaiian coastal frontier.
   "a. Boundaries.
    The Hawaiian coastal frontier consists of Oahu, and all of the land  
    and sea areas required for the defense of Oahu. The coastal zone 
    extends to a distance of 500 miles from all the Hawaiian Islands, 
    including Johnston and Palmyra Islands and Kingman Reef.



Page 973

   "b. Commanders
      Army.-The Commanding General, Hawaiian Department.
      Navy.-The Commandant, Fourteenth Naval District, who is designated 
         as the Commander, Hawaiian naval coastal frontier. This officer 
         also commands the assigned naval local defense force, and will 
         arrange for its joint tactical and strategical employment, in 
         cooperation with the Army. 
   "36B. Philippine coastal frontier. 
   "a. Boundaries. 
   The Philippine coastal frontier consists of Luzon, and all of the 
   land and sea areas required for the defense of Luzon. The coastal 
   zone includes all of the sea approaches to the coastal frontier. 

[60]

   "b. Commanders. 
      Army.-The Commanding General, Philippine Department. 
      Navy.-The Commandant, Sixteenth Naval District, who is designated 
         as the Commander, Philippine naval coastal frontier. This 
         officer also commands the assigned naval local defense force, 
         and will arrange for its joint tactical and strategical 
         employment in cooperation with the Army. 

(At this point in Exhibit No. 4 there appears a map of the United States 
showing; the various defense commands, bearing caption "Annex I. Coastal 
Frontiers". This map will be found reproduced as Item No. 2, EXHIBITS-
ILLUSTRATIONS, Navy Court of Inquiry. These illustrations are bound  
together following the printed exhibits of the Navy Court of Inquiry.) 

[1]      APPENDIX II TO WPL-46, COMPOSITION OF FORCES

[2]                   CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION

2-101. APPENDIX II prescribes the initial composition of the Operating 
Forces and of the Naval Transportation Service. 

2-102. a. Naval vessels and aircraft are listed by organization unit or 
number. 

b. Coast Guard vessels are listed by name. 

c. Units not listed in the current Operating Force Plan which are to be 
taken over by the Navy either temporarily or permanently are, for war 
planning purposes, designated in this Appendix II as "X" vessels in 
accordance with the system defined in WPL 10 (XAR 5, XAK 17, XPYc 20, 
etc.). 

2-103. a. When the Coast Guard becomes a part of the Navy, Coast Guard 
vessels will continue to be designated by their Coast Guard names. 

b. When vessels listed in the tables as "X" vessels come under Navy 
control, the Chief of Naval Operations (Director, Ship Movements 
Division) will assign to them names, symbols, and numbers in accordance 
with standard nomenclature (AP 60, AS 90, PY 50, etc.). The names will 
be recommended by the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, and the symbols 
and numbers by the Chief of the Bureau of Ships. 

2-104. Units appearing in the current Operating Force Plan are not 
assigned to Mobilization Districts, as most of these vessels have 
already been mobilized at the time of issue of this plan. 

2-105. In the Tables of Appendix II, where capital letters appear under 
the heading "Sub-Group", these letters indicate the categories to which 
vessels and aircraft belong, as follows: 

A-Navy vessels and aircraft in commission on M-day; 
B-Navy vessels not in commission on M-day, including those under 
construction;
C-Vessels and aircraft belonging to other Departments of the Government 
to be commissioned in the Navy; 

[3]

D-Merchant vessels to be commissioned in the Navy, either Navy-owned or 
on a bare-boat charter basis; 
E-Merchant vessels to be chartered on a time charter basis;
CG-Coast Guard vessels.

                CHAPTER II. THE U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET

2-201. Table ATF-1 shows the initial composition of the U. S. ATLANTIC 
FLEET as of July 1 1941. 

2-202. a. SUBMARINE FORCE ONE will be composed of submarines, submarine 
tenders and submarine bases, not assigned to SUBMARINE FORCE 



Page 974

TWO. Not less than five submarines must remain based on the SUBMARINE 
BASE, COCO SOLO.

b. SUBMARINE FORCE TWO will be composed of submarines destined for the 
NORTH ATLANTIC AREA.

2-203. When the units included in the ATLANTIC REINFORCEMENT, U. S. 
PACIFIC FLEET, arrive in the WESTERN ATLANTIC AREA, the Chief of Naval 
Operations will assign them to such existing or new task forces as may 
then be dictated by the existing strategic situation.

2-204. a. On M-day, or sooner if directed by the Chief of Naval 
Operations the Commander in Chief U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET, will assign for 
task duty patrol planes, and patrol plane tenders required for their 
support, to the Task Forces indicated herein:

   1. To the NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCE.
      18 VPB and necessary tenders;
   2. To the CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCE
      12 VPB and necessary tenders;
   3. To the PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCE
      12 VPB and necessary tenders.

b. The aircraft units assigned as prescribed in the preceding sub-
paragraph will remain under the administration of the Commander in 
Chief, U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET. Rotation of units may be made periodically 
at the discretion of the Commander in Chief.

[5]  2-205. TRANSPORT DIVISION ONE will be assigned temporarily to the 
Naval Transportation Service, as directed by the Chief of Naval  
Operations for the transportation of Army troops.

2-206. Destroyers assigned to experimental work and sound school, and 
submarines assigned to submarine school and sound school will normally 
continue in these assignments and will be withdrawn for other duties 
only under exceptional circumstances.

                             TABLE ATF-1

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
BATTLESHIPS
 Batdiv 3                      BB      3
 Batdiv 5                      BB      3
CRUISERS
 CA 31                         CA      1
 Crudiv 7                      CA      4
 Crudiv 8                      CL      4
 Crudiv 2                      CL      4
DESTROYERS
 AD 2, 12                      AD      2
 DD 141, 187, 343             ODD      3
 Desdiv 54                    ODD      4
 Desdiv 22                     DD      4
 Desron 2                      DD      9
 Desron 8                      DD      9
 Desron 9                      DD      8   1,850 tons
 Desron 13                     DD      8
AIRCRAFT
 Cardiv 3                      CV      2
 CV 5                          CV      1
 Patwing 3
   VP 31                      VPB     12
   VP 32                      VPB     12
   AVD 4, 9                   AVD      2
   AVP 1, 9                   AVP      2
 Patwing 5
   VP 51                      VPB     12
   VP 52                      VPB     12
   AVD 13                     AVD      1
   AVP 3, 8                   AVP      2
SUBMARINES
 PG 53                         PG      1
 Subron 1
  S/M Base, New London
   ASR 2                      ASR      1
   Subdiv 11                  OSS      8
   Subdiv 12                  OSS      7
   Exdiv 1
    AG 24                      AG      1
    SS 20, 48                 OSS      2
    SS 204                     SS      1



Page 975

                            TABLE ATF-1-Continued

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
SUBMARINE-Continued.
 Subron 3
  S/M Base, Coco Solo
  ASR 4                       ASR      1
  Subdiv 31                   OSS      6
  Subdiv 32                   OSS      6
 Subron 7
  AS 5, 21                     AS      2
  Subdiv 71                   OSS      3
  Subdiv 72                   OSS      7
  Mobile Submarine Repair 
   Unit No. 2 
 S/M Base, St. Thomas
TRAIN VESSELS
  AF 1, 9                      AF      2  AF 1 to be assigned in 
                                           August, 1941.
  AG 17                        AG      1
  AKS 3                       AKS      1  AKS 3 to be assigned in 
                                           July, 1941.
  AO 9, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18,    AO      8
   19, 26
  AT 37, 66                    AT      2
  AE 2                         AE      1  To be assigned in 
                                           August, 1941.
MINECRAFT
 Minron 7
  Mindiv 13                   DMS      4
  Mindiv 14                    AM      7
TRANSPORTS
 Transdiv 1                    AP      4
 Transdiv 11                  APD      2
PATROL CRAFT
 Subchaserdiv 31               PC      5
 DUANE (CG)                   XPG      1
 INGHAM (CG)                  XPG      1
 CAMPBELL (CG)                XPG      1
 SPENCER (CG)                 XPG      1
 HAMILTON (CG)                XPG      1
 BIBB (CG)                    XPG      1
 NORTH STAR (CC,)             XPG      1
 NORTHLAND (CG)               XPG      1
 AG 29                         AG      1
UNCLASSIFIED
 IX 20                         IX      1
NAVAL OPERATING BASE, BERMUDA
MOBILE BASE HOSPITAL NO. 1
MARINE CORPS FORCES
 First Marine Division
 First Marine Aircraft Group
 Fifth Defense Battalion

[6]          CHAPTER III. THE U. S. PACIFIC FLEET

2 301. a. Table PAF-1 shows the initial composition of the U. S. PACIFIC
FLEET as of July 1, 1941.

b. Table PAF-2 shows the initial composition of the ATLANTIC 
REINFORCEMENT, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET.

2-302. a. On M-day, or sooner if directed by the Chief of Naval 
Operations, the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC FLEET will assign for 
task duty, patrol planes and submarines, and tenders required for their 
support, to the Task Forces indicated herein:
   1. To the PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCE
      12 VPB and necessary tenders,
      2 SS and necessary tenders (for ALASKAN SECTOR);
   2. To the PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCE
      12 VPB and necessary tenders.

b. The units assigned as prescribed in the preceding sub-paragraph will 
remain under the administration of the Commander in Chief, U. S. PACIFIC 
FLEET. Rotation of units may be made periodically at the discretion of 
the Commander in Chief. 

2-303. Destroyers and submarines assigned to sound school will normally
continue in these assignments and will be withdrawn for other duties 
only under exceptional circumstances.



Page 976

                             TABLE PAF-1

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
BATTLESHIPS
 Batdiv 1                      BB      3
 Batdiv 2                      BB      3
 Batdiv 4                      BB      3
CRUISERS
 Crudiv 4                      CA      4
 Crudiv 6                      CA      4
 Crudiv 9                      CL      5
DESTROYERS
 Desflot 1
  CL 7                         CL      1
  AD 3,4                       AD      2
  Desron 1 (less one Desdiv)   DD      5
  Desron 3, 5                  DD     18
 Desflot 2
  CL 8                         CL      1
  AD 11, 14                    AD      2
  Desron 4, 6                  DD     18
  Desdiv 50                   ODD      4
MINECRAFT
 CM 4                          CM      1
 Mindiv 1, 2                   DM      8
AIRCRAFT
 Cardiv 1                      CV      2
 Cardiv 2 (less CV 5)          CV      1
 Patwing 1
  VP 11                       VPB     12
  VP 12                       VPB      6
  VP 13                       VPB      5
  VP 14                       VPB     12
  AV 1                         AV      1
  AVD 6, 10                   AVD      2
  AVP 4                       AVP      1
 Patwing 2
  VP 21                       VPB     12
  VP 22                       VPB     12
  VP 23                       VPB     12
  VP 24                       VPB     12
  AV 4                         AV      1
  AVD 11, 14                  AVD      2
  AVP 7                       AVP      1
 Patwing 4
  VP 41                       VPB      6
  VP 42                       VPB      6
  VP 43                       VPB      6    To be formed about 
                                             October 1, 1941.
  VP 44                       VPB      6
  AVD 2, 12                   AVD      2
  AVP 5, 6                    AVP      2
SUBMARINES
 CL 9                          CL      1
 Subron 2
  AS 3                         AS      1
  ASR 5                       ASR      1
  Subdiv 21                    SS      6
  Subdiv 22                    SS      6
 Subron 4
  S/M Base, Pearl Harbor  
  DD 336                      ODD      1
  AM 30                        AM      1
  ASR 1                       ASR      1
  Subdiv 41                   OSS      6
  Subdiv 42                    SS      4 Includes SM 1.
  Subdiv 43                    SS      5
 Subron 6
  Subdiv 61                    SS      3
  Subdiv 62                    SS      3
BASE FORCE
 TRAIN VESSELS
  AE 1                         AE      1    To be assigned in 
                                             August, 1941.
  AF 7, 8, 11                  AF      3
  AG 16, 31                    AG      2
  AH 1                         AH      1
  AKS 1, 2                    AKS      2
  AM 3, 13, 16, 20, 24, 25,    
     26, 31, 43, 52            AM     10
  AO 1, 3, 4, 5, 12, 20, 21, 22,
     23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29    AO     14
  AR 1, 4                      AR      2
  ARb 1                       ARb      1    EXAD 13.
  ARD 1                       ARD      1
  AT 12, 23, 33, 34, 64, 65    AT      6         
TRANSPORTS
 Transdiv 2                    AP      2
 Transdiv 4                    AP       2
 Transdiv 12                  APD       4



Page 977

                             TABLE PAF-1-Continued

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
BASE FORCE-Continued
MINE SQUADRON 3
 DMS 13                       DMS       1
 Mindiv 4                     DMS       4
 Mindiv 5                     DMS       4
 Mindiv 6                     DMS       4
NAVAL STATION, GUAM
NAVAL STATION, SAMOA
 Seventh Defense Battalion
MARINE CORPS FORCES 
 Second Marine Division
 Second Marine Aircraft Group
 Second Defense Battalion
 Sixth Defense Battalion

                TABLE PAF-2. THE ATLANTIC REINFORCEMENT

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
CRUISERS
 Crudiv 5                      CA       4

                CHAPTER IV. THE SOUTHEAST PACIFIC FORCE

2-401. Table SEP-1 shows the initial composition of the SOUTHEAST
PACIFIC FORCE as of July 2, 1941.

                             TABLE SEP-1.

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
CRUISERS 
 Crudiv 3                      CL       2
DESTROYERS
 Desdiv 1 or 2                 DD       4    As assigned by CinCpac

                   CHAPTER V. THE U. S. ASIATIC FLEET

2-501. The Table ASF-1 shows the composition of the U. S. ASIATIC FLEET.

2-502. One stores ship (AF} and one cargo ship (AK) of the NAVAL 
TRANSPORTATION SERVICE, upon arrival in the FAR EAST AREA may be 
retained by the Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET.

                               TABLE ASF-2.

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
CRUISERS
 CA 30                         CA       1
 CL 12                         CL       1
DESTROYERS
 AD 9                          AD       1
 Desron 29                    ODD      13
AIRCRAFT
 Patwing 10
  VP 101                      VPB      12
  VP 102                      VPB      12
  AV 3                         AV       1
  AVD 1, 7                    AVD       2
  AVP 2                       AVP       1
SUBMARINES
 Subron 20
  AS 9, 20                     AS       2
  ASR 6                       ASR       1
  Subdiv 201                  OSS       6
  Subdiv 202                   SS       4
  Subdiv 203                   SS       7
PATROL CRAFT
 PG 21, 22                     PG       2
 PR 3, 4, 6, 7, 8              PR       5 
 PY 10                         PY       1



Page 978

                        TABLE ASF-2.-continued

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
TRAIN
 AO 6, 13                      AO       2
 AT 32                         AT       1
 Mindiv 3                      AM       2
 Mindiv 9                      AM       4
MARINE CORPS FORCES
 Marine Detachments
  Fourth Marines (Shanghai)
  Marine Detachments
   (North China)
  Marine Detachments
   (Philippines)

[7]              CHAPTER VI. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE

2-601 The Tables for the U. S. NAVAL FORCES, NORTH EUROPE show the 
initial composition as of July 1, 1941.

a. THE NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE-TABLE NE-1
   1. Units of this table not prepared for overseas service will be 
      temporarily assigned to the U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET for training and 
      material preparation.

b. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE - TABLE NE-2.

                  TABLE NE-1. THE NORTHWEST ESCORT FORCE

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
DESTROYERS
 AD 15                         AD       1
 Desron 7                      DD       9
 Desrons 30, 31               ODD      18
 DD 341, Desdiv 53            ODD       5
 Desdiv 21                     DD       4
 Mobile Destroyer Repair 
  Units 1, 2
AIRCRAFT
 Patwing 7
  VP 71                       VPB      12
  VP 72                       VPB      12
  VP 73                       VPB       9 
  VP 74                       VPB       9
  AV 5                         AV       1
  AVD 3, 8                    AVD       2
 Patwing 8
  VP 81                       VPB      12
  VP 82                       VPB      12
  VP 83                       VPB      12
  VP 84                       VPB      12
  AVD 5                       AVD       1
 Patwing 9
  VP 91                       VPB      12  This wing will be
  VP 92                       VPB      12  formed following
  VP 93                       VPB      12  completion of
  VP 94                       VPB      12  Patwing 8.
 Mobile Aircraft Repair 
  Units 1, 2
TRAIN VESSELS
 AM 73, 74, 75, 77             AM       4
 AMc 36, 42, 43, 46, 47, 50   AMc       6
MARINE CORPS FORCES
 Eleventh Provisional Marine Company

                    TABLE NE-2. SUBMARINE FORCE THREE

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
SUBMARINES 
 Subron 5
  AS 13                        AS       1
  ASR 3                       ASR       1
  Subdiv 51                   OSS       7
  Subdiv 52                   OSS       4
  Subdiv 53                   OSS       6
  Mobile Submarine Repair Unit No. 3



Page 979

  CHAPTER VII. VESSELS OPERATING UNDER THE CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS 

2-701. The Table CNO-1 shows the vessels assigned to special duty under 
the Chief of Naval Operations.

                               TABLE CNO-1.

          Unit-Vessel        Symbol    No.        Notes
AG 1                           AG       1
AG 23                          AG       1  SecNav Yacht.
AG 25, 26                      AG       2  President's Yacht and tender.
AG 30, 32                      AG       2  Survey vessels.
AM 40                          AM       1  BuOrd duty.
PG 52                          PG       1  Tender for PT's and PTC's
MTB Squadron 1                 PT       6
MTB Squadron 2                 PT       7
Subchaser Squadron 1          PTC       4
COMANCHE(CG)                  XPY       1  Greenland Patrol
ALGONQUIN (CG)                XPY       1  Greenland Patrol.
MODOC (CG)                    XPG       1  Greenland Patrol.
RARITAN (CG)                  XYT       1  Greenland Patrol.
IX 50                          IX       1  Greenland Patrol.
SS 206 to 211 incl.            SS       6  In commission or to be  
                                           commissioned and to operate 
                                           either under the CNO or 
                                           CinClant for temporary duty.  
                                           To be assigned to U. S. 
                                           PACIFIC FLEET.

[8]          CHAPTER VIII. NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES

2-801. The tables in this Chapter VIII show the assignments to the NAVAL
COASTAL FRONTIER FORCES.

2-802. Units that are not listed in these tables but which have 
otherwise been assigned by the Chief of Naval Operations to Naval 
Districts, outlying Naval Stations, or to activities excluded from Naval 
Districts, will continue in such commands. Commandants of Naval 
Districts and outlying Naval Stations will assign such units under their 
commands to Naval Local Defense Forces or to Naval District Craft (see 
General Order No. 143) in accordance with the following general rules:
   a. TO THE NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCES
      1. Units other than auxiliary type (see "Standard Nomenclature, 
         Ships' Data, U. S. Naval Vessels").
      2. Units of the Auxiliary Type required for execution of the tasks 
         of Naval Local Defense Forces.
      3. District Craft (see "Standard Nomenclature, Ships' Data, U. S. 
         Naval Vessels"), as follows: YN, YNg, YMS, YP; those YT 
         assigned for net and boom services; and other classes at the 
         discretion of the Commandant.
   b. TO NAVAL DISTRICT CRAFT
      1. Units not assigned to the Naval Local Defense Force.
   c. 1. Units of the Naval Local Defense Force and of the Naval 
         District Craft will be placed in the status "in service not in 
         commission", or in the status "in commission" as prescribed by 
         article 636 (1), (2), U. S. Navy Regulations, in accordance 
         with the current Operating Force Plan in effect, or in specific 
         cases as directed by the Chief of Naval Operations.
      2. Units taken over from private sources will be placed "in 
         service not in commission", or "in commission", depending upon 
         the status in which units of the same classification appearing 
         in the current Operating Force Plan, are operating.

[9]

2-803. a. Units of the Coast Guard not otherwise assigned in succeeding
paragraphs or in the tables of Appendix II, will be employed in the 
Naval Local Defense Forces of the Naval Districts in which they are 
based at the time the Coast Guard is transferred to the Navy, in the 
manner prescribed in the "United States Coast Guard District Manual, 
1940." Commandants of Naval Districts will understand that, on assuming 
command of Coast Guard units, they also assume responsibility for the 
discharge of essential Coast Guard functions. Prior to M-day,  
Commandants of Naval Districts, in cooperation with local Coast Guard 
commanders, will plan the war operations of the Coast Guard.

b. Lighthouse tenders will normally be employed in their peace-time 
duties, as modified by war requirements of the Army and Navy.



Page 980

2-804. a. The tables show the assignments to the Naval Coastal Frontier
Forces in tabular form.
   1. Unit (vessel, aircraft, or organization unit) ...... Column (1).
   2. Subgroup ........................................... Column (2).
   3. From (Indicating the fleet from which the unit is to 
      be detached, the Naval District in which a private 
      vessel is to be taken over, or that the assignment 
      will be made by the Chief of Naval Operations) ..... Column (3).
   4. Mobilization District (indicating the Naval District 
      in which the vessel is to be mobilized) ............ Column (4).

b. The symbol XAGs indicates a station ship.

2-805. Units to be taken over will be manned by Navy crews in the Naval 
Districts indicated in Column (3) of the tables, and moved under the 
direction of the Commandant of that Naval District to the Mobilization 
District indicated in Column (4), where mobilization will take place.

[10] 2-806. It is undesirable to take over for use in Naval Coastal 
Frontier Forces vessels that will remain idle for a long period on 
account of inability to convert, equip, or man them. Commandants of 
Naval Districts in which units are taken over (Column (3)) will, 
therefore, arrange to do so after consideration of the following:
   a. Personnel available to take over and man the unit for movement to 
      the Mobilization;
   b. Conversion yards available and readiness to start conversion;
   c. Equipment available;
   d. Personnel available to man the unit upon completion of conversion;
   e. The desirability of placing the unit in immediate service with 
      little or no conversion.

2-807. Commandants charged with taking over and mobilizing Naval Coastal
Frontier Forces will give the same priority to units assigned to the 
Naval Coastal Frontier Forces of other Districts as they give to units 
assigned to the Naval Coastal Frontier Forces within their own 
Districts.

              TABLE NACF.-NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL COASTAL FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  PE 19, 27, 48, 55, 56 ..... 5 PE  A    
  PY 12, 13, 15, 16 ......... 4 PY  A
  PG 17, 18, 54 ............. 3 PG  A
  VPB ..................... 18 VPB  A     USAF        Administration
  AV or AVD or AVP number as        A     USAF        in U. S. ATLAN-
                    required                          TIC FLEET.
  ZNP ...................... 6 ZNP  A    IV ND
 Coast Guard Aircraft based at:
  Air Station, Salem, Mass.
  Air Station, New York, N. Y.
  Air Station, Elizabeth City, N. C.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPG 1 .................... 1 XPG  D     CNO     I
  XPG 2, 3 ................. 2 XPG  D     CNO     III
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-FIRST
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
   paragraph 2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force 
   which may be assigned by the Commander, 
   North Atlantic Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
   paragraph 2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XYP 1 to 30 incl. ....... 30 XYP  D    I ND     I
  XAGs 1, 2 ...............  2 XAGs D    I ND     I
  XAM 1 to 4 incl. ........  4 XAM  D    I ND     I
  XAMb 1 to 9 incl. .......  9 XAMb D    I ND     I
  XAMc 1, 2 ...............  2 XAMc D    I ND     I
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in I ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps
   Plan C-2, Corps Plan, RAINBOW No. 5.



Page 981

TABLE NACF.-NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER-Continued

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-THIRD
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Naval Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
   paragraph 2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force 
   which may be assigned by the 
   Commander, North Atlantic 
   Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
  paragraph 2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XYP 31 ..................  1 XYP  D  III ND    III
  XAM 5 to 13 incl. .......  9 XAM  D    I ND     I
  XAMb 10 to 14 incl. .....  5 XAMb D    I ND     I 
  XAMc 3 to 16 incl. ...... 14 XAMc D    I ND     I
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in III ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-FOURTH 
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
   paragraph 2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which 
   may be assigned by the Commander, North 
   Atlantic Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with 
   paragraph 2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 1 ................... 1 XCMc D    I ND     I
  XPYc 1, 2 ................ 2 XPYc D  III ND     III
  XPYc 3, 4 ................ 2 XPYc D   IV ND     IV
  XAGs 3 ................... 1 XAGs D   IV ND     IV
  XAM 14 to 21 incl. ....... 8 XAM  D    I ND     I
  XAMb 15 to 24 incl. ..... 10 XAMb D    I ND     I
  XAMc 17 to 19 incl. ...... 3 XAMc D   IV ND     IV
  XAMc 20 .................. 1 XAMc D    I ND     I
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in IV ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2 RAINBOW No. 5 
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-FIFTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may be 
   assigned by the Commander, North Atlantic
   Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 2 ................... 1 XCMc D    V ND     V
  XYP 32 to 38 include. .... 7 XYP  D    V ND     V
  XAGs 4 ................... 1 XAGs D   IV ND     V
  XAM 22, 23 ............... 2 XAM  D    I ND     I
  XAMc 21 to 31 incl. ..... 11 XAMc D    V ND     V
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in V ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5. 
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.



Page 982

               TABLE SCF.-SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL COASTAL FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  None
 Coast Guard Vessels
  MOJAVE, TAMPA  ..... 240'  2 XPG  CG  VI ND     VI
  TALLAPOOSA ........ Misc.  1 XPY  CG  VI ND     VI
  MOHAWK ............ 165'   1 XPY  CG  IV ND     VI
 Coast Guard Aircraft based at: 
  Air Station, Charleston, S. C.
  Air Station, Miami, Fla.
  Air Station, St. Petersburg, Fla.
  Air Station, Biloxi, Miss.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPG 4 .................... 1 XPG  D  CNO       VI
  XPY 1 to 4 incl. ......... 4 XPY  D  III ND    III
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-SIXTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may be
   assigned by the Commander, Southern Naval
   Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 3 ................... 1 XCMc D  III ND    III
  XPYc 5, 6 ................ 2 XPYc D  III ND    III
  XYP 39 to 44 incl. ....... 6 XYP  D   VI ND    VI
  XAGs 5, 6 ................ 2 XAGs D   VI ND    VI
  XAM 24 to 27 incl. ....... 4 XAM  D    I ND    I
  XAMb 25 to 31 incl. ...... 7 XAMb D    I ND    I
  XAMb 32 to 34 incl. ...... 3 XAMb D   VI ND    VI
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in VI ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-SEVENTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may
   be assigned by the Commander, Southern
   Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPYc 7, 8 ................ 2 XPYc D   I ND     I
  XPYc 9, 10 ............... 2 XPYc D III ND     III
  XAGs 7, 8 ................ 2 XAGs D VII ND     VII
  XAM 28, 29 ............... 2 XAM  D   I ND     I
  XAMb 35, 36 .............. 2 XAMb D   I ND     I
  XAMc 32 to 35 incl. ...... 4 XAMc D   I ND     I
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in VII ND Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-EIGHTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may
   be assigned by the Commander, Southern
   Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 4 ................... 1 XCMc D III ND     III
  XPYc 11 to 18 incl. ...... 8 XPYc D  IX ND     VIII
  XYP 45 to 50 incl. ....... 6 XYP  D VIII ND    VIII
  XYP 51 to 55 incl. ....... 5 XYP  D   V ND     V
  XAGs 9 to 11 incl. ....... 3 XAGs D VIII ND    VIII
  XAMb 37 to 40 incl. ...... 4 XAMb D VIII ND    VIII
  XAMc 36 to 40 incl. ...... 5 XAMc D   I ND     I
  XAMc 41 to 43 incl. ...... 3 XAMc D  VI ND     VI



Page 983

          TABLE SCF.- SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER-Continued

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-EIGHTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT-Continued
 Units Ashore
  As directed in VIII ND Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.

              TABLE CACF.-CARIBBEAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
    2-802, Appendix II.
  ODD Desron 33 less Desdiv 67 
                ............ 5 ODD  A
  VPB ..................... 12 VPB  A  USAF       Administration 
  AV or AVP or AVD number as                      in
     required. .................... A  USAF       U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPG ...................... 2 XPG  D     CNO    X
  XPC 2, 3, 4 .............. 3 XPC  D  III ND    III
  XPY 8 .................... 1 XPY  D    V ND    V
  XPY 9, 10 ................ 2 XPY  D  III ND    III
  XPYc 24 to 27 incl. ...... 4 XPYc D  III ND    III
  XPYc 28 to 31 incl. ...... 4 XPYc D    I ND    I
  XYP 128 to 131 incl. ..... 4 XYP  D   IV ND    IV
  XAM 42 to 47 incl. ....... 6 XAM  D    I ND    I
  XAMb 61 to 66 incl. ...... 6 XAMb D    V ND    V
  XAMb 67 to 70 incl. ...... 4 XAMb D    I ND    I
  XAMc 93 to 102 incl. .... 10 XAMc D    I ND    I
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in X ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
  Fourth Defense Battalion, Naval Operating
   Base, Guantanamo, Cuba.

                TABLE PACF.-PANAMA NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802 Appendix II.
  ODD Desdiv 67              4 ODD  A
  PG 50                      1 PG   A
  VPB                       12 VPB  A    USAF    Administration
  AV or AVP or AVD number                        in
   as required. ................... A    USAF    U. S. ATLANTIC FLEET.
 Coast Guard Vessels:
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources.
  XCMc 6 ................... 1 XCMc D    V ND    V
  XPC 5, 6 ................. 2 XPC  D  III ND    III
  XPY 11 to 14 incl. ....... 4 XPY  D   IX ND    VIII
  XPYc 32 to 43 incl. ..... 12 XPYc D  III ND    III
  XPYc 44 to 46 incl. ...... 3 XPYc D    V ND    V
  XPYc 47 .................. 1 XPYc D   VI ND    VI
  XYP 132 to 141 .......... 10 XYP  D   IV ND    IV
  XAGs 16, 17 .............. 2 XAGs D  VIII ND   VIII
  XAM 48 to 50 incl. ....... 3 XAM  D    I ND    I
  XAMb 71, 72 .............. 2 XAMb D    V ND    V
  XAMc 103 to 116 incl. ... 14 XAMc D    V ND    V
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in XV ND Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5



Page 984

        TABLE PSCF.-PACIFIC SOUTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL COASTAL FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  ODD Desdiv 70, 83 ........ 8 ODD  A
  PE 32, 38 ................ 2 PE   A
  PY 14 .................... 1 PY   A
  VPB ..................... 12 VPB  A    USAF      Administration
   AV or AVD or AVP number                         in
    as required ................... A    USAF      U. S. PACIFIC FLEET.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  TANEY ............... 327' 1 XPY  CG IXV ND
  SHAWNEE ............ Misc. 1 XPY  CG XII ND    XII
 Coast Guard Aircraft based at:
  Air Station, San Francisco, Calif.
  Air Station, San Diego, Calif.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPG 5 .................... 1 XPG  D     CNO   XII
  XPY 5, 6, 7 .............. 3 XPG  D   XI ND   XI
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-ELEV-
 ENTH NAVAL DISTRICT:
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may be
   assigned by the Commander, Pacific South-
   ern Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels:
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-403, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 5 .................. 1 XCMc  D  III ND   III
  XPC 1 ................... 1 XPC   D   XI ND   XI
  XYP 93 to 97 incl. ...... 5 XYP   D   XI ND   XI
  XAGs 14 ................. 1 XAGs  D   XI ND   XI
  XAM 39 TO 41 incl. ...... 3 XAM   D   XI ND   XI
  XAMb 51 to 60 incl. .... 10 XAMb  D   XI ND   XI
  XAMc 65 to 86 incl. .... 22 XAMc  D   XI ND   XI
 Units Ashore:
  As indicated in XI ND Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces:
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE TWELFTH
 NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  Units of the Naval Coastal Force which may
   be assigned by the Commander, Pacific
   Southern Naval Coastal Frontier.
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XYP 98 to 127 incl. .... 30 XYP   D  XII ND   XII
  XAGs 15 ................  1 XAGs  D  XII ND   XII
  XAM 87 to 92 incl. .....  6 XAMc  D  XII ND   XII
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in XII ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.

         TABLE PNCF.-PACIFIC NORTHERN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-THIR-
 TEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  ODD Desdiv 82 ........... 5 ODD   A
  PG 51 ................... 1 PG    A
  PE 57 ................... 1 PE    A
  SS ...................... 2 SS    A   USPF          Administration
  ASR ..................... 1 ASR   A   USPF          in
  VPB .................... 12 VPB   A   USPF          U. S. 
  AV or AVD or AVP number                             PACIFIC
   as required. ................... A   USPF          FLEET



Page 985

    TABLE NACF.-NORTH ATLANTIC NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER-Continued

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
  AURORA ........... 165' B  1 XPC  CG  XI ND   XIII 
 Coast Guard Aircraft based at:
  Air Station, Port Angeles, Wash.
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XPYc 19 to 23 incl. ..... 5 XPYc  D   XI ND   XIII
  XYP 56 to 92 incl. ..... 37 XYP   D  XIII ND  XIII
  XAGs 12, 13 ............. 2 XAGs  D  XIII ND  XIII
  XAM 30 to 38 incl. ...... 9 XAM   D   XI ND   XIII
  XAMb 41 to 50 incl. .... 10 XAMb  D  XIII ND  XIII
  XAMc 44 to 64 incl. .... 21 XAMc  D  XIII ND  XIII
  XAOb 1, 2 ............... 2 XAOb  D     CNO   XIII
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in XIII ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.

           TABLE UCF.-HAWAIIAN NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

             Unit-Vessel           Sub-   From   Mob.  Notes
                                   group         Dist.
                 (1)                (2)    (3)    (4)   (5)

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE
 Navy Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-802, Appendix II.
  ODD Desdiv 80 ........... 4 ODD   A
  PG 19 ................... 1 PG    A
 Coast Guard Vessels
  Units assigned in accordance with paragraph
   2-803, Appendix II.
  DAPHNE ........... 165' B 1 XPC   CG  XII ND  XII
 Vessels from Other Sources
  XCMc 7 .................. 1 XCMc  D     V ND   V
  XYP 142 to 167 incl. ... 26 XYP   D   XIV ND   XIV
  XAM 51 to 55 incl. ...... 5 XAM   D     I ND   I
  XAM 56 .................. 1 XAM   D   XII ND   XII
  XAMc 117 to 119 incl. ... 3 XAMc  D   XIV ND   XIV
  XAOb 3, 4 ............... 2 XAOb  D      CNO   XIV
  XYF 1 to 5 incl. ........ 5 XYF   D   XIV ND   XIV
 Units Ashore
  As indicated in XIV ND Plan 0-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.
  First Defense Battalion
  Third Defense Battalion

             TABLE PHCF.-PHILIPPINE NAVAL COASTAL FRONTIER

NAVAL LOCAL DEFENSE FORCE-SIX
 TEENTH NAVAL DISTRICT
 Such suitable vessels as are locally available and
  additional vessels and air raft as assigned
  by Commander in Chief, U. S. ASIATIC FLEET.
 Unit shore
  As indicated in XVI ND Plan O-5, RAINBOW No. 5.
 Marine Corps Forces
  Garrisons as assigned in Marine Corps 
   Plan C-2, RAINBOW No. 5.

[11]            CHAPTER XI. NAVAL TRANSPORTATION SERVICE

2-901. The Sections and Tables prescribing the composition of forces of 
the Naval Transportation Service will be issued as a change to this 
plan.

Page maintained by Russel Royette D. Ramiro, www.russelramiro.blogspot.com; russelramiro@gmail.com Created: 09/26/10 Updated: 09/26/10

All I want is someone I can't resist

2010-09-25T00:43:00.000-07:00

I love you. I love you not because you're adorable or because you're sweet, or because you're my one and only comforter. I love you because you make me step outside myself and look at who I really am. You make me want to be a better person, just because you are who you are. I can tell you absolutely everything, and I know you will listen. And you're one of my best friends. But I will keep all of this to myself... I wish that I could make you love me, but I cannot. That is why these words will be forever lost in my memories, never to be spoken aloud. My heart longs to tell you about my love for you. I wish I could. I wish I could tell you just how much you have touched me. Just how much you have taught me. Just how much you've made me happy. Just how when you hold me, my body tingles. Just how when you smile at me, it touches my heart in such a way that no one else can ever come close to. Just how the way you love me makes me want to be a better person. Just the way with every breath, I love you more and more. Just the way I want nothing more than to be able to hold you everyday of my life, and how that alone would be enough. But, I can't tell you all these things, the way I truly feel them, because there aren't enough words in this entire world, that can truly explain just how I love you.

love lots,

russel r.

Giving all your Love is never an assurance that they'll Love you back

2010-09-18T08:13:00.000-07:00

Giving someone all your love is never an assurance that they'll love you back. Some people are just not meant to be in your life no matter how much you want her to be.

You hug her goodbye like it's nothing while all you want to do is to hold on forever. I used to smile when I told those people that you are mine. But now I can't even smile and say your name at the same time. As much as I love you, I have to say goodbye, cause, I know you would be happier if I let you go.

I'm sorry if I made you cry, I'm sorry if tears fell from your eyes. But remember for every tears that fell from your eyes, two fell from mine. Missing you isn't the hardest part. Knowing I once had you is what breaks my heart.

Now it's over, It's time for me to move on.

It's never easy to see you turning back. But I have to take the pain, and cry all the way home cause I know it will never be the same. I know when I leave you, distance will keep us apart.

But distance, no matter how far, can't change these feelings in my heart. Just turn your head when you see me and I will understand.

One day I will be able to look in your eyes. I hope in time you will be happy as you call my name again.

HAPPINESS is to far for us now. But even if it's near, I know it will be hard for us to get there. Baby, it will never gonna work out.

I LOVE YOU! GOODBYE . . . T_T

love lots,

russel r.

Its all because of you

2010-09-16T00:24:00.000-07:00

"Your the one who gave me a memories of first love. The one who gave me a taste of happiness and, the one who taught me to be strong."

Life isn't just all bright and glory. In my journey in life from now on ... I'm sure to come across more heartaches and losses but I'm going to be fine. Because I met you, I have the courage to say that I'm no longer be afraid.

Thank you!

love lots,
:))

I can't wipe your tears anymore [a tearful decision]

2010-09-14T23:03:00.000-07:00

For me you were my first love and by that time I really don know how love would end.

But if the end of love is so painful ... I don't ever want to be in-love again...

I don't ever want to be in-love again :(

truly yours,

Sentimental Person

2010-09-10T23:18:00.000-07:00

One of the reason why people get so sentimental, it's all because, memories are the only things that don't change, When everything else does... There are things in life that you can't hold on forever no matter how much you fight for it, Sometimes destiny isn't always good, it becomes playful. When you meet someone you learned to love, you thought that it was destiny who made your paths cross.

But what if making your paths cross is just a part of the game that the playful destiny created, Making you realize in the person you thought that was destined for you wasn't really meant to stay.

But only destined to make you feel love and leave you when you've already fallen. It's not easy to state a reason when you decide to leave your love. Some might think it's just an excuse... Some might not actually believe... Some will blame you... Some might even be mad at you...

WHAT THEY DON'T SEE IS THE FACT THAT it hurts you even more to hurt someone who doesn't deserve to be hurt, especially when you can't actually state the reason why you have to leave. You can never own something that was never yours... So let's stop gripping on things we expect to last forever.

Nothing lasts forever. FOREVER is a LIE. EVERYTHING is TRANSITORY.

So while you have something in your hand, put in mind that it's just borrowed. So that someday when it's gone, it wont take you eternity just to let it go... When your feelings get strong for someone, it's always wise to stop for a while and give your heart a time to breathe, a time to use your mind to weigh the situation based on reason not on emotions. Because the saddest thing that can happen is when one fall in love while the other wants nothing more than friendship. Love can sometimes be a magic but magic can sometimes be an illusion and sometimes illusion is a LIE.

There are times when I wish that I was limited to a certain emotions. So that I'll never have to experience pain, never feel betrayed or disappointed, and never get my fragile heart broken. But the same thing means that I'll never knew how it feels to love and be loved in return... the thought of it kind of scares me to have heart that's whole but numb or a heart that's broken but real...

Someday, we'll all be looking back to those days we learned to love, get hurt, cry and fight. Maybe when that time comes, we'll be laughing at our old dumb selves, realizing how stupid we are to stand up for a thing we knew weren't really meant for us. But i guess learning take time, and mistakes make one's journey fun. Life is what we make it. Love makes the world go round... So let's live, love, and take whatever pain it brings, though it's hard to wait around for something that I know will never happen. It's harder to stop when I know it's everything I've always wanted. But you know what I'm glad... it happened.

I love you! TAKE CARE ALWAYS :)

Love lots,

russel r.

Outline On Chapter One

2010-08-22T00:39:00.000-07:00

0380 Soc.Sci.3 (Society, Culture & Family Planning)
H1E 9:00-10:00 (CAS)
Mary Kathy Enoc AB Mass Comunication
Russel Royette Ramiro AB Political Science

Outline on Chapter One Nature and Scope of Sociology
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1. SOCIOLOGY
- Came from two prominent languages, “Socious”, a latin word meaning companion or society,
“Logus”, a Greek word on the other hand meaning to study.
- Study of Society.

2. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY
- Sociology is defined as the scientific study of society and human behavior. Sociology is a part of social sciences. The study of sociology aims at analyzing the patterns of human behavior, deriving their causes and speculating the future of the behavioral patterns in society.

3. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES
a. Structural – Functionalist Theory
- Structural functionalism is close to humanistic sociology in its understanding of society as shared norms and values. Structural functionalism arose from functionalism in the attempt to explain the dominance of some social groups over others, known as conflict theory.
- society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function which contributes to society's equilibrium.
- this is also a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts works together to promote solidarity and stability.

Proponent
1.Auguste Comte

b. Conflict Theory
- are perspectives in social sciencewhich emphasize the social, political or material inequality of a social group, which critique the broad socio-political system, or which otherwise detract from structural functionalismand ideological conservativism. Conflict theories draw attention to power differentials, such as class conflict, and generally contrast historically dominant ideologies.
- society is viewed as composed of groups competing for scare resources.

Proponent
1.Émile Durkheim
2.Karl Marx

c. Symbolic Interaction Theory
- Symbolic interactionism views society as consisting of interactions among individuals. Hence the focus on individuals and the organization and patterns found in their everyday activities. It seeks to deal with problems like identity. Problems found in symbolic interactionism, such as inadequate analysis of social structure, led to a fork in the roadof social science.
- society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world and communicate with one another.

Proponent
1.Harriet Martineau

d. Exchange Theory
- Is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Social exchange theory posits that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives. The theory has roots in economics, psychology and sociology.

Proponent
1.Harriet Martineau

What a Journey....

2010-07-29T23:59:00.000-07:00

Taberns Group and me are going to a fathomable island wherein we will be building another strong foundation of camaraderie...

I'll tell you more about... bye!

love lots,

russel!

Section H1E/AB Political Science , AB Mass Communication

2010-07-12T02:39:00.000-07:00

I have yet to post the MSPowerpoint of our report re: Kasaysayan ng Wika and everything. Sorry for the Inconvenience.

Thanks and More Power!

Love lots!

russel

formspring.me

2010-05-22T08:51:00.001-07:00

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here.. http://formspring.me/russelramiro

formspring.me

2010-05-18T18:58:00.001-07:00

Have some queries about me? you're free to write it here.. http://formspring.me/russelramiro