COMPUTER AND ELECTRONICS

MY RECHARGE AND GET PAID WORKS

2019-09-21T21:20:00.000-07:00

*This part will ensure you retire like a king*.

*It will ensure that you retire wealthy (You are as wealthy as the number of days you can survive on your normal daily expenditure if you quit working. So if you live on #1,000 daily and you have #100,000, it means you're 100days wealthy. After the 100days and no more money comes in, you become very poor and broke!😀😀).*

*Now this is how this 3rd part works:* You get paid each and everytime that someone in your team (directly or indirectly), buys Airtime, Data, or Pays tv subscription.

So, if you enroll 10 people, who then each enrolls 10 people, who also each enrolls 10 people, who also each enrolls 10 people, and who also each enrolls 10 people, you will have 100,000 people in your network.
Let's say you make just *#1 per day* on their daily transactions, that's *#30 per month*. So every month you get *#30×100,000 people ( Airtime/Data/TV sub buyers, the most bought commodity after food in Nigeria)*
That equals *#3,000,000 monthly!*

*A good way to Retire Early and Wealthy!*

So, what stops you from Sharing this business?🤷🏻‍♂️🤷

What stops you from Referring?🤷🤷🏻‍♂️

My RAGP rocks always oooo!!!!!!!

Private chat me now to get registered 💯

I believe you now get the gist proper proper

Chat me up on 08159563152

SUMMARY OF RECHARGE AND GET PAID CAN DO FOR YOU

2019-09-20T18:40:00.000-07:00

🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹

*LET ME GIVE YOU A BRIEF SUMMARY OF WHAT RECHARGE AND GET PAID PLATFORM WILL OFFER YOU:*
💃💃💃💃💃💃💃💃

👉 When you register, *you get paid* 20% of your registration package

👉 When you recharge, *you get paid* 2% of the amount recharged

👉 When you buy data, *you get paid* 10% of the amount you subscribed with.

👉 When you refer people, *you get paid* 20% of their registration fee.

👉 When your people recharge, *you get paid* 0.35% of the amount they recharged with.

👉 When your people buy data, *you get paid* 1% of the amount they used.

👉 When your people refer people, *you get paid* 10%-1% of their registration packages.

👉 When you subscribe your DSTV/GOTV, *you get paid* with #40

👉 When your people subscribe their DSTV/GOTV, *you get paid* with #10

*This is the best thing happening to Nigerians. This is larger than Oil, bigger than Importation, more massive than Fashion and Entertainment* *Why Should You Join Recharge And Get Paid (RAGP)?*

👉 *To gain Financial and Time Freedom*
👉 *Another Source of Income*
👉 *To get Recharges with ease*
👉 *To help Empower Others to Be Financially Free.*

*Advantages of RAGP Over Other Companies*

👉 *A viable product (MTN, Airtel, Glo, 9Mobile; DSTv, GOTv, Startimes)*

👉 *Bank withdrawal available in your local account within 24 hours*
👉 *Dual earnings for life (VTU and referrals)...even while you sleep.*
👉 *Payment on your own registration*
👉 *Payment on every registration in your team.*
*- and much more...*

*💰BONUSES 💰*
👇
*1) Instant Registration Bonus 20%.*
*2) Instant Referral Bonus 20%.*
*3) Instant Indirect Referral Bonus 10%-1%.*
*4) Leadership Bonus of N100,000 monthly*
*5) All-expense Paid Trip to Dubai worth* *N500,000 (you can get the cash)*
*6) Brand New Car worth N2,000,000*
*7) House Fund worth N3,000,000*
*8) VTU bonus from all your downlines recharges*

*Get Registered, Activate your Accounts and Start Earning Immediately.👌👌

Call or Whatsapp me on 08159563152

WHY BANKS ARE INVOLVED IN VTU BUSINESS

2019-09-20T08:27:00.001-07:00

⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜
WHY ARE BANKS NOT SELLING SUPPLEMENTS?
*ANY BUSINESS YOU SEE BANKS DOING, JOIN AND DO SAME*

A *Bank* Is A Financial Institution Licensed To Receive Deposits And Make Loans. It Is An Institution That Is Licensed To Deal With Money Matters And Its Substitutes By Accepting Deposits, Making Loans, And Investing In Securities.

The Bank Generates Profits From The Difference In The Interest Rates Charged And Paid. The Bank Could Be Involved In Other Money Yielding Ventures Like Real Estates,Oil And Gas Investments, Telecommunications.

*Have You Asked Yourself Why Banks Are Now Into VTU i.e Selling Of Airtime, Data And Subscription Of Cables And Other Utility Bills Payment.....On Their ATM screen You See Notification Reminding You That You Can Recharge Your Phone Using A Code.It Simply Means That There Is A Well Of Wealth In The Telecom Business* .

Sign Up Today And Own A VTU Platform to enable you earn like the banks, quickteller, among others leveraging on Telecom VTU p

latform like ours.

OMG!
It's time for Nigerians to start enriching their pockets instead of these so called Banks.
Just Imagine this.

STEPS to making your first 💴N1,000,000.00 in Nigeria.

2019-09-20T04:23:00.002-07:00

1⃣ Find a commodity that one million people need, and

2⃣ Sell it to them and make a profit of #N1 each. Simple!

Why did I say this ❓ it’s just to tell us that it’s quite easy to make millions out of these business.

We know we can make more than N1 profit on each item👍 so that can reduce the number of people we need.

If it’s N10 profit then we need 100,000 people. If it's N100 profit per item we need 10,000 people.

You see that, it is very easy to reach your goal in this. The aim is to look for a business that depends on masses (that a large number of people use the products/services of such business) this would means you have people demanding for your products or services.

#RECHARGE_AND_GET_PAID has given us that PLATFORM to BECOME MILLIONAIRES without much hustle and this is what I'm trying to teach you. One way or the other if you register you must benefit from this huge money. If you don't register, you 'll buy or use our services and we will earn money from you directly or indirectly.
Even if u doubt we still earn. If you join we both earn

Choose wisely🤛

STOP PROCRASTINATION ❌

Follow this link to join our whatsapp page

https://chat.whatsapp.com/IuzQDV4ntcS5Nc1sfkeyg0

RECHARGE AND GET PAID

2019-09-20T04:15:00.000-07:00

To God be the Glory. #Recharge_and_get_paid business has done it for me. The best network business of the 21st century.

I #Shakeerah, is using this opportunity to say a biggest thank you to CEO of Recharge and get paid.

This is my 8th Network business, after loosing so much into different networking businesses.

When I heard about RAGP sometime early last year while in Saudi Arabia through my wonderful upline #HARRISON, I said to myself "let me give it a trial". So i registered with #10k. But after the registration, I abandoned the business for good 6months due to one thing or the other before I was encouraged by my grand upline #MRS_AGNES which led me into putting more effort in the business.

With determination and persistence, I found myself excelling.

In the process, I got my dearest, wonderful and amazing downline #Yeyeoge4real. I registered her and many others and it led to a strong team building amounting massive results and testimonies. One which am sharing in today.

Thanks soo much my BOSS LADY "MRS AGNES you and MR HARRISON who have become unarguably my back bone in Recharge and get paid. You've always encouraged me to keep on pushing it and today, I've qualified for international trip Award of #500k with point value of 25000.

If I can be doing this business from far away #Saudi_Arabia and be making cool cash from it almost every second, I don't think people in Nigeria should have any excuses for not building this wonderful business.

Recharge and get paid has changed my dreams, my future and those of my children/family.

Thanks soo much again for believing in me

To join follow this link to chat me up

https://chat.whatsapp.com/IuzQDV4ntcS5Nc1sfkeyg0

VPN SERVICES AND ITS BENEFITS.

2017-04-04T07:24:00.002-07:00

There are steps you can take to protect yourself -- but you'll have to do more than set your browser to private mode. And there is no perfect solution, experts say.
The information in question includes everything from where you are to what you're looking at online. A provider could infer that you're sick, for example, because you looked at WebMD.
The steps in Legislature would remove an extra safeguard at a time when people are using more and more internet-connected devices and providers are investing more in targeted advertising.
Further, browsing in "incognito" or private mode does not prevent your internet provider from knowing which sites you visit. Private mode only prevents the browser you are using from storing your internet history. (ISP will still know when you view adult content, even if Chrome forgets.)
The technology to get around the providers is complicated.
"There are pretty easy and free ways to stop tracking online from advertisers," says Jeremy Gillula, senior staff technologist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "The technical ways to stop your ISP from tracking you are limited and cumbersome."
So what can you do? Using a tool called a virtual private network, or VPN, will protect your online activity from anyone who might want to look at it, including internet providers.

WHY INSTALL A VPN SERVICES

· Super Simple turns on automatically the moment you connect to an untrusted network.

· Super Friendly, we're building great apps and a great business. We're here to help when you need us.

·Work on Windows/IOS/Android devices

· Real Time Support (After Sales Support)

Culled from CNN, edited by Ogbonnaya Dimgba.

Worried about companies or hackers sniffing on your internet or tracking your online activities, no need to worry install a VPN services and surf the web and safeguard your internet activities. Reach us on 08159563152

FEARS AN ENTREPRENEUR MUST OVERCOME

2017-03-29T02:30:00.003-07:00

How to recognize and conquer your fears, keep motivated, and stay focused on the future.
Starting from scratch can be both exciting and frightening for entrepreneurs.
This is true whether you’re a first-time entrepreneur or you’ve recently quit your job to start up a new company.
Right now your future has no limits. You might be building the next billion-dollar company right now! Crazy, right?
But even though what is happening now and what comes next is incredibly exciting, every entrepreneur still has fears. It would be kind of scary if you weren’t at least a little afraid!
You must overcome your fears if you’re going to be successful. There’s a lot of upside if you can power over your fears.
Here are seven huge fears you’ll have to overcome as an entrepreneur.
1. Fear of Change

Change is the first fear you will encounter. It will visit you and start hanging out with you long before you go all in on your new venture.
Why? Because screwing up a good thing is downright scary.
Is the grass actually greener on the other side? Or should you appreciate the green grass that’s under your feet right now?
It’s human nature to think that no matter how great your current situation is that it could always be better.
But really, are you stealing defeat from the jaws of victory by leaving a known quantity to start something new?
Until you take the leap and make a change, you will worry.
You can’t know whether it will be an equally good or better outcome. Unfortunately, we can’t A/B test our lives.
All entrepreneurs have to overcome this fear and make a crucial decision. Stay where you are or make a change.
2. Fear of Failure
Another fear you must overcome is the fear of failure.
Your company won’t work — not enough customers, not enough funding, whatever the reason. You won’t be able to pay your bills. Sure, but that’s only part of it.
The real killer is the public aspect.
When you start a company, you’re really sticking your neck out. You don’t want people to think of you as a failure.
Fear is just your pride.
You can’t worry about what other people sitting on the sidelines will think if you fail.
For crazy psychological or emotional reasons, some of your family members, friends, and peers won’t truly support you because they don’t understand what you’re doing. Consciously or unconsciously, some people will cheer for you to fail.
Let them.
Really, in the end, who the hell cares what they think?
3. Fear of Not Getting Funded

You’re ridiculously passionate about your business idea. But will potential investors think it’s good?
Raising money for your new business ideas is competitive and scary. The process of pitching VCs and angel investors is anything but predictable.
“What if you never get funding?” a voice asks.
Meet another one of your fears.
When I was first starting out, I pitched more than 100 VC firms in Boston. I was shot down. The rejection letters were brutal — but I learned several important lessons from them.
Listen to the feedback you get from investors! Make the changes to improve your idea.
Doing so will help you win the funding you need — and overcome your fears.
4. Fear of Being Uncomfortable
Some people are afraid of feeling uncomfortable.
Call me crazy, but I love this feeling.
I thrive in an uncomfortable environment.
In my experience, necessity is the mother of invention. It’s very difficult to solve a big challenge unless you’re put in a situation where you have to hustle and quickly figure it out.
Don’t fear being uncomfortable. Embrace it.
Think of it like high altitude training. Your body will start to acclimate and compensate for the decrease in oxygen — and even start to thrive even more.
Trust that being uncomfortable will be the spark you need to figure out a solution or come up with a new business idea. And your idea will be that much greater.
5. Fear of the Unknown

When you’re starting out, you truly don’t know what you don’t know.
I’ve learned so
How to recognize and conquer your fears, keep motivated, and stay focused on the future.
Starting from scratch can be both exciting and frightening for entrepreneurs.
This is true whether you’re a first-time entrepreneur or you’ve recently quit your job to start up a new company.
Right now your future has no limits. You might be building the next billion-dollar company right now! Crazy, right?
But even though what is happening now and what comes next is incredibly exciting, every entrepreneur still has fears. It would be kind of scary if you weren’t at least a little afraid!
You must overcome your fears if you’re going to be successful. There’s a lot of upside if you can power over your fears.
Here are seven huge fears you’ll have to overcome as an entrepreneur.

Culled from Larry Kim

INFORMATION ON COMPUTER NETWORK

2017-01-07T08:48:00.001-08:00

What is a Router?

A router is a device that connects to and receives data from outer networks and sends data only to network nodes meant to receive them, rather than sending information to all nodes on the network. It keeps track of network traffic and manages it efficiently,what it means is that sending and receiving of information from one workstation to another is been done seamlessly without the interference of any third party application.

To know more click here What is a Router

2017-01-07T08:37:00.002-08:00

Ever wonder the right antivirus program to use, the one that best suit your Operating System (OS), in this post today we shall be discussing the list of antivirus that is in vogue, the first 10 that you need to consider when procuring for your system, you can contact the admin on 08038003328 for the best advise

1. BIT DEFENDER
2. KASPERSKY
3. NORTON LAB
4. AVIRA
5. TREND MICRO
6. AVAST
7. F-SECURE
8. PANDA SECURITY
9. ESET
10. BULL GUARD

This list was updated on November 2016.

For your online activities with accurate data encryption and protecting your system from phishing website, the above list of antivirus is best suited for you and your system.

COMPUTER AND ELECTRONICS: Computer Hardware and Parts of Computer Hardware

2017-01-07T03:12:00.001-08:00

COMPUTER AND ELECTRONICS: Computer Hardware and Parts of Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware and Parts of Computer Hardware

2017-01-07T03:10:00.002-08:00

Internal Computer Hardware

Computer Hardware is the physical part of a computer, as distinguished from the computer software that executes or runs on the hardware. The hardware of a computer is infrequently changed, while software and data are modified frequently. The term soft refers to readily created, modified, or erased. These are unlike the physical components within the computer which are hard.

When you think of the term computer hardware you probably think of the guts inside your personal computer at home or the one in your classroom. However, computer hardware does not specifically refer to personal computers. Instead, it is all types of computer systems. Computer hardware is in embedded systems in automobiles, microwave ovens, CD players, DVD players, and many more devices. In 2003, only 0.2% of all microprocessors sold were for personal computers. How many other things in your house or your classroom use computer hardware?

Inside Computer

Motherboard

The motherboard is the body or mainframe of the computer, through which all other components interface. It is the central circuit board making up a complex electronic system. A motherboard provides the electrical connections by which the other components of the system communicate. The mother board includes many components such as: central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), firmware, and internal and external buses.
Motherboard

Motherboard
Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU; sometimes just called processor) is a machine that can execute computer programs. It is sometimes referred to as the brain of the computer.
CPU Diagram

CPU Diagram

There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation: fetch, decode, execute, and writeback. The first step, fetch, involves retrieving an instruction from program memory. In the decode step, the instruction is broken up into parts that have significance to other portions of the CPU. During the execute step various portions of the CPU, such as the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the floating point unit (FPU) are connected so they can perform the desired operation. The final step, writeback, simply writes back the results of the execute step to some form of memory.
Random Access Memory

Random access memory (RAM) is fast-access memory that is cleared when the computer is power-down. RAM attaches directly to the motherboard, and is used to store programs that are currently running. RAM is a set of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order (why it is called random). There are many different types of RAM. Distinctions between these different types include: writable vs. read-only, static vs. dynamic, volatile vs. non-volatile, etc.
RAM

RAM
Firmware

Firmware is loaded from the Read only memory (ROM) run from the Basic Input-Output System (BIOS). It is a computer program that is embedded in a hardware device, for example a microcontroller. As it name suggests, firmware is somewhere between hardware and software. Like software, it is a computer program which is executed by a microprocessor or a microcontroller. But it is also tightly linked to a piece of hardware, and has little meaning outside of it. Most devices attached to modern systems are special-purpose computers in their own right, running their own software. Some of these devices store that software (“firmware”) in a ROM within the device itself
Power Supply

The power supply as its name might suggest is the device that supplies power to all the components in the computer. Its case holds a transformer, voltage control, and (usually) a cooling fan. The power supply converts about 100-120 volts of AC power to low-voltage DC power for the internal components to use. The most common computer power supplies are built to conform with the ATX form factor. This enables different power supplies to be interchangable with different components inside the computer. ATX power supplies also are designed to turn on and off using a signal from the motherboard, and provide support for modern functions such as standby mode.
Removable Media Devices

If your putting something in your computer and taking it out is most likely a form of removable media. There are many different removable media devices. The most popular are probably CD and DVD drives which almost every computer these days has at least one of. There are some new disc drives such as Blu-ray which can hold a much larger amount of information then normal CDs or DVDs. One type of removable media which is becoming less popular is floppy disk.
CD

CDs are the most common type of removable media. They are inexpensive but also have short life-span. There are a few different kinds of CDs. CD-ROM which stands for Compact Disc read-only memory are popularly used to distribute computer software although any type of data can be stored on them. CD-R is another variation which can only be written to once but can be read many times. CD-RW (rewritable) can be written to more than once as well as read more than once. Some other types of CDs which are not as popular include Super Audio CD (SACD), Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD), PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced CD.
CD-ROM Drive

CD-ROM Drive

There are two types of devices in a computer that use CDs: CD-ROM drive and a CD writer. The CD-ROM drive used for reading a CD. The CD writer drive can read and write a CD. CD writers are much more popular are new computers than a CD-ROM drive. Both kinds of CD drives are called optical disc drives because the use a laser light or electromagnetic waves to read or write data to or from a CD.
DVD

DVDs (digital versatile discs) are another popular optical disc storage media format. The main uses for DVDs are video and data storage. Most DVDs are of the same dimensions as compact discs. Just like CDs there are many different variations. DVD-ROM has data which can only be read and not written. DVD-R and DVD+R can be written once and then function as a DVD-ROM. DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, or DVD+RW hold data that can be erased and re-written multiple times. DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs respectively refer to properly formatted and structured video and audio content. The devices that use DVDs are very similar to the devices that use CDs. There is a DVD-ROM drive as well as a DVD writer that work the same way as a CD-ROM drive and CD writer. There is also a DVD-RAM drive that reads and writes to the DVD-RAM variation of DVD.
DVD

DVD
Blu-ray

Blu-ray is a newer optical disc storage media format. Its main uses are high-definition video and data storage. The disc has the same dimensions as a CD or DVD. The term “Blu-ray” comes from the blue laser used to read and write to the disc. The Blu-ray discs can store much more data then CDs or DVDs. A dual layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50GB, almost six times thecapacity of a dual layer DVD (WOW!). Blu-ray discs have similar devices used to read them and write to them as CDs have. A BD-ROM drive can only read a Blu-ray disc and a BD writer can read and write a Blu-ray disc.
Floppy Disk

A floppy disk is a type of data storage that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible(“floppy”) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive. Floppy disks are a dying and being replaced by the optical and flash drives. Many new computers do not come with floppy drives anymore but there are a lot of older ones with floppy drives lying around. While floppy disks are very cheap the amount of storage on them compared to the amount of storage for the price of flash drives makes floppy disks unreasonable to use.
Floppy Disk

Floppy Disk
Internal Storage

Internal storage is hardware that keeps data inside the computer for later use and remains persistent even when the computer has no power. There are a few different types of internal storage. Hard disks are the most popular type of internal storage. Solid-state drives have grown in popularity slowly. A disk array controller is popular when you need more storage then a single har disk can hold.
Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Just about every new computer comes with a hard disk these days unless it comes with a new solid-state drive. Typical desktop hard disk drives store between 120 and 400GB, rotate at 7,200 rpm, and have a madia transfer rate of 1 Gbit/s or higher. Hard disk drives are accessed over one of a number of bus types, including parallel ATA(also called IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), SCSI, Serial Attached SCSI, and Fibre Channel.
Hard Drive

Hard Drive
Solid-State Drive

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk drive, thus easily replacing it in any application. SSDs have begun to appear in laptops because they can be smaller than HDDs. SSDs are currently more expensive per unit of capacity than HDDs which is why they have not caught on so quickly.
Disk Array Controller

A disk array controller is a device which manage the physical disk drives and presents them to the computer as logical units. It almost always implements hardware RAID. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Drives) is a technology that employs the simultaneous use of two or more hard disk drives to achieve greater levels of performance, reliability, and/or larger data volume sizes. A disk array controller also provides additional disk cache.

Culled from open project.net

2016-12-15T00:49:00.000-08:00

INTRODUCING

A Top Secret To Building Wealth
Mark Zukerberg invited 5 people to his Harvard dorm room 12 years ago to discuss a business opportunity - "Facebook".

Only 2 people showed up and they got in. Today, those two people are billionaires: Dustin Moskovitz ($10.7 Billion) and Eduardo Saverin ($7.4 Billion).

I wonder what it will be like for the other three that were also invited but didn't show up. There is nothing more expensive than a closed mind. The mind is like a flower, it only functions when it is opened.
OPEN YOUR MIND TO OPPORTUNITIES TO EARN

While many people dream of becoming better persons than the previous years, only a few actually do it. WHY?
While many people dream of quitting their jobs and start their own businesses, only a few actually do it. WHY?
Why is it that some people are more successful than others? BECAUSE the power of their dreams is stronger than their excuses.

(1) FEAR
(2) I don't have the money (who has?)
(3) I don't have contacts to start with (Really?)
(4) I'm not smart enough. (You just crowned yourself as mumu)
(5) I can't talk (Are you dumb?)
(6) I don't have the time (Yet you have the time to wake up by 5am and get dressed to be in traffic)
(7) I'm too busy (Doing what exactly?)
(8) I'm afraid of taking risk (Is eating not risky? Is sleeping not risky? People have died in their sleep)
(9) I don't like dealing with people (Mr Island...I greet your Excellency)
(10) I'm too old (Age is never a barrier)
(11) Waiting for all the lights to turn GREEN (Lights turn GREEN when you press the button)
(12) I'm not a professional (Who was born a professional?)
Nothing grows in comfort-zone.... Take a risk today!
It is an adventure. Together we will get there to our zenith.

Come let us help you grow your business with our one time e-mail marketing tool that broadcast your business to top Nigeria emails.
Call I-SOLUTIONS CONCEPT on 08038003328.
...all about innovations

HOW TO FORMAT AN ANDRIOD PHONE

2016-06-09T08:27:00.001-07:00

in this day and age where IT is going higher and the phone we are having have an operating system like that of computer system, in this post we would show how you can format or reload your Android phone even if you are a novice you can do it yourself without the help of an IT engineer.

One of the first thing you can do it to switch-off your phone, after switching off your phone what you can do is to hold down both your power-on buttom and either your up/down volume buttom, some information will prompt up, when the information prompt up your will be told the options to choose from and then it will restarts your phone, you can view this link for more information http://theking-computerandelectronics.blogspot.com.ng/

2016-06-08T09:07:00.001-07:00

All thanks to Avoiderrors,

How to format a system with Windows 10 Operating system

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING SERIES I

2010-04-18T07:35:00.000-07:00

Computer programming is the craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible instructions which can be interpreted by a computing system to perform a meaningful task. Programming a computer can be performed in one of numerous languages, ranging from a higher-level language to writing directly in low-level machine code (that is, code that more directly controls the specifics of the computer's hardware) all the way to writing microcode (which does directly control the electronics in the computer).

Computer programming is one part of a much larger discipline known as software engineering, which includes several different aspects of making software including design, construction and quality control. The subject of this book is software construction that is, programming. Computer programming is also a useful skill (though not always necessary) for people who are interested in computer science. Whereas software engineering is interested specifically in making software, computer science tends to be oriented towards more theoretical or mathematical problems.

URL {UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR} WHAT IS IT?

2010-03-31T06:01:00.000-07:00

URL is the acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. It is a reference (an address) to a resource on the Internet. You provide URLs to your favorite Web browser so that it can locate files on the Internet in the same way that you provide addresses on letters so that the post office can locate your correspondents.Programs that interact with the Internet also may use URLs to find the resources on the Internet they wish to access. Java programs can use a class called URL in the java.net package to represent a URL address.

Terminology Note: The term URL can be ambiguous. It can refer to an Internet address or a URL object in a Java program. Where the meaning of URL needs to be specific, this text uses "URL address" to mean an Internet address and "URL object" to refer to an instance of the URL class in a program.

What Is a URL?

A URL takes the form of a string that describes how to find a resource on the Internet. URLs have two main components: the protocol needed to access the resource and the location of the resource.

Creating a URL

Within your Java programs, you can create a URL object that represents a URL address. The URL object always refers to an absolute URL but can be constructed from an absolute URL, a relative URL, or from URL components.

Parsing a URL

Gone are the days of parsing a URL to find out the host name, filename, and other information. With a valid URL object you can call any of its accessor methods to get all of that information from the URL without doing any string parsing!

Reading Directly from a URL

This section shows how your Java programs can read from a URL using the openStream() method.

Connecting to a URL

If you want to do more than just read from a URL, you can connect to it by calling openConnection() on the URL. The openConnection() method returns a URLConnection object that you can use for more general communications with the URL, such as reading from it, writing to it, or querying it for content and other information.

Reading from and Writing to a URLConnection

Some URLs, such as many that are connected to cgi-bin scripts, allow you to (or even require you to) write information to the URL. For example, a search script may require detailed query data to be written to the URL before the search can be performed. This section shows you how to write to a URL and how to get results back.

For more information click here https://paydotcom.com/r/52068/therepguy/26205956/

CULLED FROM: http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/networking/urls/index.html

WAYS AND PLACES TO ENJOY YOUR VACATION...

2010-03-21T11:07:00.000-07:00

How do you enjoy your vacation when you are on leave from an official assignment or places to go to to enjoy your time in a serene,tranquil environment.

However, if you cannot wait to feel the summer heat then you can book a flight to various tropical resorts around the world where the heat and fun is all-year round. There are countless places you can go to where you can enjoy warm waters, fine sand, gushing waves, fresh breeze, festivals, colorful blossoms, sumptuous delicacies, and good-natured people.

There is the Obudu Cattle Ranch Resort in Calabar, the Olumo Rock in Abeokuta, The Yankari Game Reserve in Bauchi State, The Mambilla Plateau in Taraba State, The Bar Beach, etc or outside the country like The Relaxation Centre In Britain, The Luxury African Safaris & Holidays in South Africa where you can relax and enjoy your stay during your vacation or preferably in summer.

You need to plan ahead, if you are taking a flight, you need to book your flight in time, also book for your room on time in order not to create panic within your system.

Do treat yourself as if it is the last ..

ENJOY YOUR VACATION TIME.

FREE DSTV FOR YOUR PC, LAPTOP AND TV

2010-03-07T10:22:00.000-08:00

How do you wish to enjoy free DSTV on your PC, LAPTOP, TV without paying a dime, well click on this link to enjoy https://paydotcom.com/r/38765/therepguy/26170361/. Download the software there read the instrution on how to install ,install and enjoy watching Great DSTV channels like BBC, CNN,CARTOON NETWORK, FOX NEWS, CNBC, ETC free on your PC, LAPTOP AND TV. For more information or if you have difficulty installing it, just call this number 2348038003328, 2348081712261.

INFORMATION ON COMPUTER NETWORKS

2010-03-05T06:20:00.000-08:00

What is a Router? A device that connects to and receives data from outer networks and sends data only to network nodes meant to receive them, rather than sending information to all nodes on the network. It keeps track of network traffic and manages it efficiently, what it means is that sending and receiving o information from one workstation to another.

A Computer Network allows sharing of resources and information among devices connected to the Network. It was the first operational computer network in the world.

Twisted-pair wire is the most widely used medium for telecommunication. Twisted-pair wires are ordinary telephone wires which consist of two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs and are used for both voice and data transmission. The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. The transmission speed ranges from 2 million bits per second to 100 million bits per second.

Local Area Network(LAN)

A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. Each computer or device on the network is a node. Current wired LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet Technology, although new standards like ITU-T G.hn also provide a way to create a wired LAN using existing home wires (coaxial cables, phone lines and power lines)

Metropolitan Area Network

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that connects two or more local area networks or campus area networks together but does not extend beyond the boundaries of the immediate town/city. Routers, switches and hubs are connected to create a metropolitan area network.
Wide Area Network

A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a large geographic area such as a city, country, or spans even intercontinental distances, using a communications channel that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves. A WAN often uses transmission facilities provided by common carriers, such as telephone companies. WAN technologies generally function at the lower three layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer.

Virtual Private Network

A virtual private network (VPN) is a computer network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires. The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are said to be tunnelled through the larger network when this is the case. One common application is secure communications through the public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features, such as authentication or content encryption. VPNs, for example, can be used to separate the traffic of different user communities over an underlying network with strong security features.
A VPN may have best-effort performance, or may have a defined service level agreement (SLA) between the VPN customer and the VPN service provider. Generally, a VPN has a topology more complex than point-to-point.
A VPN allows computer users to appear to be editing from an IP address location other than the one which connects the actual computer to the Internet.
Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, public, and private computer networks. It is based on the networking technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is the successor of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by DARPA of the U.S. Department of Defence. The Internet is also the communications backbone underlying the World Wide Web (WWW). The 'Internet' is most commonly spelled with a capital 'I' as a proper noun, for historical reasons and to distinguish it from other generic internetworks.

Participants in the Internet use a diverse array of methods of several hundred documented, and often standardized, protocols compatible with the Internet Protocol Suite and an addressing system (IP Addresses) administered by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority and address registries. Service providers and large enterprises exchange information about the reach ability of their address spaces through the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), forming a redundant worldwide mesh of

HOW TO FORMAT A SYSTEM WITH WINDOWS 7

2010-03-03T07:29:00.000-08:00

Windows 7 is far better than previous windows versions (XP and Vista). The install process is plain simple and easy to follow. Now, just follow these steps and you will install windows 7 in no time.

You can Install Windows 7 via DVD Disk you’ve purchased or with bootable USB.
This post explains installing windows 7 with dvd disk.

First, insert your Windows 7 Boot Disk into your dvd drive and reboot your PC.

While the PC is rebooting, you will be prompted ” Press any key to boot from CD…” Just press any key here.

After you press a key, windows will load installation files.

Windows 7 setup will start.

Select your language, time and currency format and keyboard input (US)

Click Install Now to proceed

Setup will load for a min or two.

If you do, select I accept the license terms and click Next

If you are upgrading from Windows Vista select Upgrade, if you had Windows XP you have to select Custom (Advanced). Upgrade from Windows XP to Windows 7 is not available. Click Custom (Advanced)

Select the Partition where you want to install Windows 7 and click Next. You will need at least 5716mb free space.

If you don’t have enough free space to Install Windows 7, you will receive the following warning

If that’s the case, you will need to format the partition where you previously had Operating System installed. WARNING: Formatting a partition will erase all existing data on the partition, proceed only if you have backed up all your files!

If you want to format the partition, go to Drive options
and format the partition where you want to install windows 7. Again, do this only if you have backed up your documents/files!
click format and then yes
After you press Next, Windows 7 Installation will begin. Approximately takes about 30 min to 1 hour to finish, depending on your computer speed

After half an hour, setup is complete and windows 7 installation is almost finished. Few more minutes

Now your computer will reboot, since the Windows 7 DVD boot disk is still in the drive, the message press any key to boot from DVD will appear. We already did that, so this time DO NOT press anything. Just wait 5 sec and your PC will continue booting and finish installing your operating system

Windows will continue booting and installing, almost there!
Finally!

Insert your name (this will be your windows username)
If you want to, insert password for your computer. ( Hey….you won’t forget it, right? :)
Insert your Windows 7 product key and press Next

Do you want Microsoft Updates for your new operating system? It is highly recommend you know…! Select use recommended settings
It’s time for Time zone, select yours from the drop down menu
Depending on your location, select the appropriate network location.

If you have more than 1 computer, type homegroup password for sharing files. Make sure to remember it
Windows is finalizing your settings

That’s it. Now insert your computer manufacturer drivers CD and install drivers. Also FYI, Windows 7 has great driver support, go to Start –> Control Panel –> Select View By = Small Icons –> Click Windows Update

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Check for updates and click on optional updates, to see which drivers windows 7 found for your computer automatically.

Latest Free Browsing on Zain and MTN

2010-03-02T06:20:00.000-08:00

To get the new cheat code for MTN and ZAIN, download the latest proxy file from myprov.co.cc and get the file from there ,download Opera 5.2 editable server .Get this one http://192.168.128.4/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000000A/http/80.239.242.253 .For more information call the following numbers 08038003328 ,08081712261. It works well with Nokia 3rd, 4th and 5th edition phones .

2010-02-17T22:32:00.000-08:00

To browse free with your zain line, download opera 4.2 editable server,use custom 2,input this settings http://192.168.128.4/cgi-bin/nph-proxy.cgi/000000A/http/80.239.242.253,and enjoy your browsing,call this nos if you have difficulty browsing.

Electronic component and Computer

2010-02-17T08:21:00.000-08:00

An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be connected together, usually by being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Components may be packaged singly or in more complex groups as integrated circuits. Some common electronic components are capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc. Components are often categorized as active (e.g. transistors and thyristors) or passive (e.g. resistors and capacitors).
Types of circuits
Circuits and components can be divided into two groups: analog and digital. A particular device may consist of circuitry that has one or the other or a mix of the two types
Analog circuits
Analog electronics
Hitachi J100 adjustable frequency drive chassis.Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from combinations of a few types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage as opposed to discrete levels as in digital circuits.
The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a 'circuit' can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components.
Analog circuits are sometimes called linear circuits although many non-linear effects are used in analog circuits such as mixers, modulators, etc. Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers and oscillators.
One rarely finds modern circuits that are entirely analog. These days analog circuitry may use digital or even microprocessor techniques to improve performance. This type of circuit is usually called "mixed signal" rather than analog or digital.
Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation. An example is the comparator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but only outputs one of two levels as in a digital circuit. Similarly, an overdriven transistor amplifier can take on the characteristics of a controlled switch having essentially two levels of output.
Digital circuits
Digital electronics
Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit", "digital system" and "logic" are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use two voltage levels labeled "Low"(0) and "High"(1). Often "Low" will be near zero volts and "High" will be at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use. Ternary (with three states) logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made.
Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits. Digital Signal Processors are another example.
Building-blocks:
Logic gates
Adders
Binary Multipliers
Flip-Flops
Counters
Registers
Multiplexers
Schmitt triggers
Highly integrated devices:
Microprocessors
Microcontrollers
Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
Digital signal processor (DSP)
Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
Heat dissipation and thermal management
Thermal management of electronic devices and systems
Heat generated by electronic circuitry must be dissipated to prevent immediate failure and improve long term reliability. Techniques for heat dissipation can include heat sinks and fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling. These techniques use convection, conduction, & radiation of heat energy.
Noise
Electronic noise
Noise is associated with all electronic circuits. Noise is defined[1] as unwanted disturbances superposed on a useful signal that tend to obscure its information content. Noise is not the same as signal distortion caused by a circuit. Noise may be electromagnetically or thermally generated, which can be decreased by lowering the operating temperature of the circuit. Other types of noise, such as shot noise cannot be removed as they are due to limitations in physical properties.
Electronics theory
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Mathematical methods in electronics
Mathematical methods are integral to the study of electronics. To become proficient in electronics it is also necessary to become proficient in the mathematics of circuit analysis.
Circuit analysis is the study of methods of solving generally linear systems for unknown variables such as the voltage at a certain node or the current through a certain branch of a network. A common analytical tool for this is the SPICE circuit simulator.
Also important to electronics is the study and understanding of electromagnetic field theory.
Computer aided design (CAD)
Electronic design automation
Today's electronics engineers have the ability to design circuits using premanufactured building blocks such as power supplies, semiconductors (such as transistors), and integrated circuits. Electronic design automation software programs include schematic capture programs and printed circuit board design programs. Popular names in the EDA software world are NI Multisim, Cadence (ORCAD), Eagle PCB and Schematic, Mentor (PADS PCB and LOGIC Schematic), Altium (Protel), LabCentre Electronics (Proteus) and many others.
Construction methods
Electronic packaging
Many different methods of connecting components have been used over the years. For instance, early electronics often used point to point wiring with components attached to wooden breadboards to construct circuits. Cordwood construction and wire wraps were other methods used. Most modern day electronics now use printed circuit boards made of materials such as FR4, or the cheaper (and less hard-wearing) Synthetic Resin Bonded Paper (SRBP, also known as Paxoline/Paxolin (trade marks) and FR2) - characterised by its light yellow-to-brown colour. Health and environmental concerns associated with electronics assembly have gained increased attention in recent years, especially for products destined to the European Union, with its Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE), which went into force in July 2006.
Stored program architecture
The defining feature of modern computers which distinguishes them from all other machines is that they can be programmed. That is to say that a list of instructions (the program) can be given to the computer and it will store them and carry them out at some time in the future.
In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. These instructions are read from the computer's memory and are generally carried out (executed) in the order they were given. However, there are usually specialized instructions to tell the computer to jump ahead or backwards to some other place in the program and to carry on executing from there. These are called "jump" instructions (or branches). Furthermore, jump instructions may be made to happen conditionally so that different sequences of instructions may be used depending on the result of some previous calculation or some external event. Many computers directly support subroutines by providing a type of jump that "remembers" the location it jumped from and another instruction to return to the instruction following that jump instruction.
Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the flow of control within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention.
Comparatively, a person using a pocket calculator can perform a basic arithmetic operation such as adding two numbers with just a few button presses. But to add together all of the numbers from 1 to 1,000 would take thousands of button presses and a lot of time—with a near certainty of making a mistake. On the other hand, a computer may be programmed to do this with just a few simple instructions. For example
Programs
A 1970s punched card containing one line from a FORTRAN program. The card reads: "Z(1) = Y + W(1)" and is labelled "PROJ039" for identification purposes.
In practical terms, a computer program may run from just a few instructions to many millions of instructions, as in a program for a word processor or a web browser. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions per second (gigahertz or GHz) and rarely make a mistake over many years of operation. Large computer programs consisting of several million instructions may take teams of programmers years to write, and due to the complexity of the task almost certainly contain errors.
Errors in computer programs are called "bugs". Bugs may be benign and not affect the usefulness of the program, or have only subtle effects. But in some cases they may cause the program to "hang"—become unresponsive to input such as mouse clicks or keystrokes, or to completely fail or "crash". Otherwise benign bugs may sometimes may be harnessed for malicious intent by an unscrupulous user writing an "exploit"—code designed to take advantage of a bug and disrupt a program's proper execution. Bugs are usually not the fault of the computer. Since computers merely execute the instructions they are given, bugs are nearly always the result of programmer error or an oversight made in the program's design.[18]
In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code with each instruction being given a unique number (its operation code or opcode for short). The command to add two numbers together would have one opcode, the command to multiply them would have a different opcode and so on. The simplest computers are able to perform any of a handful of different instructions; the more complex computers have several hundred to choose from—each with a unique numerical code. Since the computer's memory is able to store numbers, it can also store the instruction codes. This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers and can themselves be manipulated inside the computer just as if they were numeric data. The fundamental concept of storing programs in the computer's memory alongside the data they operate on is the crux of the von Neumann, or stored program, architecture. In some cases, a computer might store some or all of its program in memory that is kept separate from the data it operates on. This is called the Harvard architecture after the Harvard Mark I computer. Modern von Neumann computers display some traits of the Harvard architecture in their designs, such as in CPU caches.
While it is possible to write computer programs as long lists of numbers (machine language) and this technique was used with many early computers,[19] it is extremely tedious to do so in practice, especially for complicated programs. Instead, each basic instruction can be given a short name that is indicative of its function and easy to remember—a mnemonic such as ADD, SUB, MULT or JUMP. These mnemonics are collectively known as a computer's assembly language. Converting programs written in assembly language into something the computer can actually understand (machine language) is usually done by a computer program called an assembler. Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Intel Pentium or the AMD Athlon 64 computer that might be in a PC.[20]
Though considerably easier than in machine language, writing long programs in assembly language is often difficult and error prone. Therefore, most complicated programs are written in more abstract high-level programming languages that are able to express the needs of the programmer more conveniently (and thereby help reduce programmer error). High level languages are usually "compiled" into machine language (or sometimes into assembly language and then into machine language) using another computer program called a compiler.[21] Since high level languages are more abstract than assembly language, it is possible to use different compilers to translate the same high level language program into the machine language of many different types of computer. This is part of the means by which software like video games may be made available for different computer architectures such as personal computers and various video game consoles.
The task of developing large software systems presents a significant intellectual challenge. Producing software with an acceptably high reliability within a predictable schedule and budget has historically been difficult; the academic and professional discipline of software engineering concentrates specifically on this challenge.

A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to "put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357" or to "add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595". The information stored in memory may represent practically anything. Letters, numbers, even computer instructions can be placed into memory with equal ease. Since the CPU does not differentiate between different types of information, it is the software's responsibility to give significance to what the memory sees as nothing but a series of numbers.
In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (2^8 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or -128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, two, four or eight). When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation. Other arrangements are possible, but are usually not seen outside of specialized applications or historical contexts. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be represented numerically. Modern computers have billions or even trillions of bytes of memory.
The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed. As data is constantly being worked on, reducing the need to access main memory (which is often slow compared to the ALU and control units) greatly increases the computer's speed.
Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties: random-access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM. RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is pre-loaded with data and software that never changes, so the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.[26]
In more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on the programmer's part