RS FinoTechs

SunShine Pro Lights- Lighting and Charging System

2020-10-07T11:52:00.010+05:30

Welcome to SunShine Pro Lights, Let us join together and experience the future of light.

Product Description

Brighten up your home with these SunShine Pro LED bulbs. The light produced by these bulbs is free from UV and infrared rays, ensuring maximum safety. They are easy on your eyes as they reduce the excessive sensitivity caused by the surface brightness.

What We Offer

Ø Get energy-efficient lighting solutions for your home with these LED bulbs from SunShine Pro Lights.

Ø Energy Efficient - Saves up to 70% of Power.

Ø These LEDs offer more brightness (measured in lumens) per watt, while consuming

ppower (wattage).

Ø In addition to this, these LED bulbs last for up to 20000 to 50000 hours, thereby helping you save more.

Ø The design of the shell cover offers a wide beam angle, thereby illuminating a wider area.

Ø Be it in the kitchen or in the master bedroom - this lighting solution is designed such that it is apt for every room.

Features

ü Comfortable Brightness (High Lumen Per Wattage)

ü Enjoy upto 80% brightness and better energy efficiency with this SunShine Pro Lights LED bulb. This pack covers bulbs which is suitable for a room size of 60-100 sq. ft. (bedroom).

ü Environment-friendly and Enhanced Well-being

SunShine Pro Lights LEDs produce light that is free from UV and infrared rays, keeping your family and environment safe from harmful radiations.

ü Glare Reduction

SunShine Pro Lights LED bulbs reduce the excessive sensitivity cause by the surface brightness so they don't strain your eyes even when you look directly at them.

ü Energy Saving

SunShine Pro Lights LED bulbs save upto 80% of energy without sacrificing light output and quality. They guarantee safety, uniformity and colour consistency.

ü The Right Bulbs

Address

M. NO 68/2 First Lane,

Gavbhag , Ujalaiwadi,

Tq. Karveer, Dist. Kolhapur

Pin Code : 416004

Effects of Electric Current - Chemical Effect , Magnetic Effect and Heating Effect

2019-04-29T22:41:00.001+05:30

Effects of Electric Current

Before Starts to our Topic- Effects of electric current let’s understand the concept of electric current.

Electric Current: Electric current is the flow of electrons in a network or circuit. To understand easily, just imagine of water that flows through a pipe. The water flowing through pipes will be similar to electrons flowing through the wires.

Whenever we switch on then bulb starts to light, it is just due to the heating effect of electric current, In same way whenever we turn the ceiling fan on the fan starts to rotate it is due to the magnetic effect of electric current. To understand these effects of electric current in this content we will learn about the effects of electric current with a detail description of all effects and where it is used in applications.

There are various effects of electric current as below.

1. The Chemical Effect

2. The Magnetic Effect

3. The Heating Effect

Let us discuss these effects in detail one by one.

1. The Chemical Effect

Whenever a direct current passes through a chemical solution or conducting liquids then the solution will be decomposed into its constituent substances. This effect called as Chemical effect of electric current.

Electrolytes: These are the liquids which allow the electric current to pass through them but along with some of the chemical change.

Ionization: Basically Ionization is the process of splitting up of the molecules into positive and negative ions in the chemical reaction.

The Chemical effect of current is used in the following areas of applications

Ø In all Electrolytic processes

Ø For the production of different Chemicals

Ø To extract the metals from their ores.

Ø For refining of metals

Refining of Copper

Copper will be transferred to the Cathode is totally pure in Copper plating, even if Anode may have been made with impure Copper. This process can be used to produce Pure Copper for electric cables.

Ø For Electrodeposition of metals

Electrodeposition of Metals used for the electroplating and electrotyping.

Electroplating: Plating of any one metal with another metal by using electrolysis is known as electroplating.

2. Electromagnetic effect or Magnetic effect of Electric Current

Electromagnetic effect discovered by Hans Christen Orsted On 21 April 1820, during his lecture - Orsted had noticed a compass needle was deflected from the magnetic north pole when an electric current from the battery was switched on and off that confirmed a direct relationship between electricity and magnetism.

Whenever an electric current passes through a conductor or conducting coil then magnetic field generated across it and that conductor or coil starts to act as an electromagnet.

Where if the coil is wound on a piece of magnetic material then the piece will acts as a magnet.

Note: Always Electromagnetic material loses its magnetic properties as soon as that current passing through the conductor becomes zero.

Uses of Electro Magnetic Effect of Current

Similar to the way people use the heating effect of current, the magnetic effect of current also used in home electrical appliances.

Following are some of the applications of the magnetic effect of electric current

1. Electric Bells

2. Circuit Breakers

3. Electromagnetic Door Locks in houses or offices

4. Electromagnetic Relays

5. Telephone Ear Piece

6. Cranes in Steel Works & Scrap Yards

3. Heating Effects of Electric Current

When there is the generation of heat that due to electric current, known as Heating effect of Electric current.

To better understanding of Heating effect of electric current, we will take the example of Electric Geyser.

Electric Geyser operates on the principle of Joules Law. That works on the heat generation due to the flow of electric current through any heating element

Electric Iron also works on the same principle of heat generation.

Whenever the switch will be closed when the electric current starts to flow through the heating element which is in the form of metal coil.

These heating elements become hot due to the flow of current and that heat is given by

Where,

I = RMS Current

R = Resistance of heating element

T = Time

These heat starts to flow around the water inside of Geyser and water becomes hot also.

Applications of Heating Effects of Electric Current

Here are some the home appliances which uses the heating effect of the current in our daily life, Lets See.

1. Electric Kettle

2. Electric Cooker

3. Electric Oven

4. Toaster

5. Water Heater

6. Clothes Iron

7. Light Bulbs

Hope You better understand that what You want to learn…

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Read also….

Click Here - To read Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering - Ohms Law, Current , Voltage and Power, etc.

Click Here – To read Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductance, Conductivity and Temperature effect on Resistance

Click Here – To read Resistors – Series circuit and Parallel Circuit

Click Here –Types of Resistors – Fixed and Variable Resistors

Click Here – To read Types of Resistors – Non-linear Resistor , Thermistors, LDR and Varistors

If You have any query related to our topics please comment us in the comment box. And If you have any issue related to our content then please feel free to contact us through our contact us page.

Types of Resistors – Non-linear Resistor , Thermistors, LDR and Varistors

2019-04-24T23:56:00.000+05:30

Types of Resistors – Non-linear Resistor

In the last chapter, we have seen a type of linear resistor including fixed and Variable resistor. In this content, we will discuss Types of resistors Non-linear Resistors.

Types of Resistors or Classification of Resistors

As below shown basic classification of resistors based on construction

A. 1.Linear Resistors

I. Fixed Resistors

B. A. Carbon Composition Resistor

C. B. Wire wound resistors

D. C. Metal Film type resistor

F. II. Variable Resistors

H. A. Potentiometers

I. B. Trimmers

J. C. Rheostats

L. 2.Non-linear Resistors

N. I. Thermistors

P. II. LDR-Light dependent resistors

R. III. Varistors

S. Read here about 1.Linear Resistors

In this content, we will learn about Non-linear Resistors.

2.Non-linear Resistors

A nonlinear resistor is one whose resistance depends on the voltage or the current for that particular matter. Non-linear resistor indicates the properties of non-linearity. If you want to look at the current-voltage relationship of a transistor, you can see that generally, a transistor can act as a non-linear resistor.

1. Thermistors

Concept:

Thermistors are generally called as ‘Thermal Resistor’ which are temperature sensitive semiconductors. These are variable resistor resistance varies with respect to temperature.

Thermistors are available in various shapes and size.

These are available in a range of 0.5 Ω to 0.75 MΩ.

Following are the types of Thermistors

Types based on the operating principle

1. NTC

2. PTC

1. Negative Temperature Coefficient ( NTC )

Resistance of NTC type thermisters decrease with increase in Temperature.

Resistance is inversely proportional to temperature.

R α 1/T

1. Positive Temperature Coefficient ( PTC )

Resistance of PTC type thermistors increase with the increase in Temperature.

Resistance is directly proportional to temperature.

R α T

Distinguish between NTC and PTC

NTC	PTC
Negative Temperature Coefficient	Positive Temperature Coefficient
The resistance of NTC type thermisters decrease with increase in Temperature. R α 1/T	The resistance of PTC type thermistors increase with the increase in Temperature. R α T
NTC Thermisters are composed with a sintered mixture of a semiconductor material such as metal oxides as manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, and uranium.	PTC thermistors are manufactured from barium titanate, titanium oxide, and powdered barium carbonate

Types Based on the Size and Shape of Thermistors

1. Disc Type

2. Bead Type

3. Rod Type

4. Probe Type

5. Washer Type

Operating Principle of Thermistors :

Some of the semiconductors exhibits the properties that, there is a change in resistance as there is a change in temperature.

Construction and Working :

Thermisters are composed with a sintered mixture of a semiconductor material such as metal oxides as manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, and uranium.

Thermistors have leads to form the connectivity with the circuits.

Bead Type thermisters are smallest in size having the diameter of 0.015 mm to 1.25 mm.

Generally Bead type thermisters are sealed in the tips of solid glass rods that to form probe type thermisters.

Glass the probe has a diameter about 2.5 mm and having the length that may form 6 mm to 50 mm.

Disc type thermisters are made by using pressing material under the high pressure in to cylindrical disc shape with the diameters that range from 2.5 mm to 25 mm.

As per requirement washer types thermisters also available.

Relation between Resistance and Temperature for the Thermisters

Where ,

R = Resistance of the thermister at T deg.K

R0 = Resistance of the thermistor at T0 deg.K

β = Constant that depends on the material of thermister typical value of β is between 3500 to 4500 deg.K

Temperature operating range : -150 deg.C to + 300 deg.C

Advantages of Thermisters :

1. Small Size

2. High Sensitivity for Change in Temperature

3. These are available in various shape.

4. There is no necessity of Cold junction compensation

5. Fast response

6. Low cost

Disadvantages of Thermisters :

1. There is a non-linear relationship between resistance and temperature.

2. These are not suitable for wide temperature range.

3. At higher temperature approximately 316 deg.C working is unstable.

4. Limited process applications

5. To avoid self-heating low excitation current.

Applications of Thermisters:

1. These are widely used in the application range of -60 deg.C to +15 deg.C

2. Can be used as sensing device (Sensor) in liquid level, Pressure and in Flow measurement systems.

3. Measurement of Power in high frequency

4. Used for temperature control , Temperature compensation and in Time delay Circuits .

2. LDR - Light Dependent Resistor

What is Light Dependent Resistor or a Photo Resistor?

A Light Dependent Resistor or a photoresistor is a device that their resistivity is a function of the incident electromagnetic radiation. Hence, We can be called they are light sensitive devices. These are also called as photoconductors, photoconductive cells and simply photocells.

Generally, these are made up of semiconductor materials having high resistance. There are many different symbols are used to indicate an LDR, one of the most commonly used symbol is shown below in which The arrow indicates light falling on it.

Types of Light Dependent Resistors

Intrinsic photo resistors ( Undoped semiconductor): Generally these are made from pure semiconductor materials such as silicon or germanium. In these Electrons get excited from valance band to conduction band whenever photons of enough energy falls on it and the number of charge carriers is increased.

Extrinsic photoresistors: Generally these are semiconductor materials doped with impurities which are also called as dopants. Theses dopants create new energy bands on above the valence band which filled with electrons. Hence that these reduce the band gap and less energy is required in exciting them.

Applications of LDR

1. These are used as light sensors.

2. These are used whenever there is a need to detect absences or presences of light like in a camera light meter.

3. Also can be used in street lamps, burglar alarm circuits, alarm clock, light intensity meters, for counting the packages moving on a conveyor belt, etc.

3. Varistor

What is a varistor?

VDR - A varistor is a voltage-dependent resistor . The resistance of a varistor is always variable and that depends on the voltage applied. The word ‘Varistor’ is composed of parts of the words “variable resistor”. Resistance decreases when the voltage increases. In case of excessive voltage increases, then their resistance drops. This behavior makes them suitable to protect circuits during the voltage surges.

Applications Of Varistors

Radio communication equipment transient suppression

Surge protector power strips

Cable TV system surge protectors

Telephone and another communication line protection

Power supply protection

Microprocessor protection

Electronics equipment protection

Low voltage board level protection

Transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS)

Car electronics protection

Industrial high energy AC protection

Types of Resistors – Fixed and Variable Resistors

2019-04-19T00:41:00.001+05:30

Types of Resistors – Fixed and Variable Resistors

In the last chapter, we have seen a series and parallel circuit resistors and Temperature effect of resistance on various types of materials. In this content, we will discuss Types of resistors Variable and Fixed resistors.

Types of Resistors or Classification of Resistors

As below shown basic classification of resistors based on construction

1. Linear Resistors

I. Fixed Resistors

A. Carbon Composition Resistor

B. Wire wound resistors

C. Metal Film type resistor

II. Variable Resistors

A. Potentiometers

B. Trimmers

C. Rheostats

2. Non-linear Resistors

I. Thermistors

II. LDR-Light dependent resistors

III. Varistors

In this content, we will see about Fixed and Variable resistors.

1. Linear Resistors

If the voltage and current flowing through a resistor indicates the linear properties or relationship then those resistors called as linear resistors. It includes variable and fixed types of resistors.

I. Fixed Resistors

A fixed resistor having its value constant or value of the fixed resistor cannot change.

Following are the types of fixed resistors

A. Carbon Composition Resistor

Carbon composition resistors are manufactured in both insulated and un-insulated form. In which insulated form allows better heat dissipation and whereas un-insulated form always avoids short circuit possibility to their adjacent components and metal chassis.

Construction of carbon composition resistor

In this process of manufacturing of pressed carbon resistors Carbon black, resin binder and refractory fillings these are raw materials used.

These materials will be first graded then will be mixed in proper proportion and sited.

After that resultant black powder will be compressed into the shape of a resistor then to solidify the unit curved in an oven.

Finally, resistors are sorted out with respect to the resistance values and end connections will be made

Features of Carbon composition resistors :

1. Actual value different from printed value that means tolerance is +/- 5% , +/-10 or +/-20% .

2. Typically -55 deg C to 150 deg C – Wide temperature range

3. Power ratings available of 1/8,1/4 , 1/2, 1 and 2W.

4. These are capable to operate up to 800 V.

Applications

1. Potential Divider

2. Radio and TV receivers

3. High Frequency and low power applications.

4. Biasing circuits of transistor

5. Power supplies

6. Zener voltage regulator

A. Wire wound resistors

As compared to the carbon composition resistor the power handling capacity of wire wound resistors is much higher.

Construction of Wire wound resistor

Carbon composition resistor normally wound with a resistance wire on ceramic tube or rod.

The value of the resistance wire is selected that should be capable to withstand with considerable thermal shocks.

Usually, end connections wires are welded.

And to protection, these welds will be provided by applying vitreous enamel that to protect the electrolyte action from corrosion.

Features of Wire wound resistor

These can handle high power but windings wire posses a large inductance, that’s why these are not used in high-frequency applications.

Applications

1. High power applications in DC power supplies

2. High power circuit in radio and TV receivers

3. Low frequency and high power applications

4. Power amplifiers

Comparison chart of Carbon composition resistors and Wire wound resistor

Sr. no	Particulars	Carbon Composition resistors	Wire Wound resistors
1	Material used	Carbon black, resin binder and refractory fillings	Metal wire, Ceramic rod or tube
2	Size of resistors	Smaller	Depending on the Wattage
3	Wattage ratings	Small wattage	High wattage

B. Metal Film type resistor

A Metal film type resistor made by the process of depositing the thin film metal or metal oxide or metal alloy into ceramic or glass tube.

Features or Characteristics of Metal Film type resistor

1. 0.01 % to 10 % of Tolerance

2. Better Stability

3. Long life and better reliability

Applications

1. Those resistors are used where the need for better stability, reliability, and long life as per its characteristics

2. Transmitter, Modulators and Demodulators

3. Oscillators and Feedback amplifiers

4. Also used where higher demand for endurance

All Applications of Fixed resistors

1. Potential Divider

2. Radio and TV receivers

3. High Frequency and low power applications.

4. Biasing circuits of transistor

5. Power supplies

6. Zener voltage regulator

7. High power applications in DC power supplies

8. High power circuit in radio and TV receivers

9. Low frequency and high power applications

10. Power amplifiers

11. Transmitter, Modulators and Demodulators

12. Oscillators and Feedback amplifiers

13. Also used where higher demand for endurance

I. Variable Resistors

These are the resistances whose value can be controlled or changed as per demand or need. The resistance value can be changed in the circuit to change or control the value of voltage and current.

Types of Variable resistors

A. Potentiometers

It consists of three terminals in which two are always fixed and one is movable. The two fixed terminals of the potentiometer connected to both of the ends to the resistive element and called as track and third terminal connected to the sliding wiper. The sliding wiper moving along the resistive track that changes the value of the resistance of the potentiometer. The resistance of the potentiometer will be changed whenever the wiper will move over the resistive path.

Whenever we will increase the resistance of the potentiometer, then the current flowing through potentiometer will decrease. Similarly whenever we will decrease the resistance of the potentiometer, the current flowing through the potentiometer will increase.

B. Rheostat

The word rheostat is taken from the Greek language word “rheos” and “statis” that means a current or stream controlling device.

A rheostat is almost similar to the potentiometer in construction. As like in the potentiometer, the rheostat also consists of total of three terminals. But in rheostat always we use only two terminals for performing the operation.

The resistance of the rheostat is always depends on the length of that resistive element or the track through which the current flows.

If we use the terminals A and B in the rheostat then minimum resistance will be achieved when we moves the sliding wiper close to the terminal of A, because the length of the resistive path will decrease. But Only a small amount of current is blocked and a large amount of current is allowed to pass.

Applications of Variable Resistors

1. Audio control

2. Television

3. Motion control

4. Oscillators

5. Transducers

6. Computation

7. Home Electrical Appliances

BCCI announced Indian World Cup Squad , Profile of Indian World Cup Players

2019-04-15T22:23:00.001+05:30

BCCI announced Indian World Cup Squad

Indian World Cup Squad - Rahul, Karthik Picked and Rayadu, Pant Dropped

New Delhi: BCCI has announced Indian squad for ICC World Cup 2019 on Monday 15^th Apr 2019. Today BCCI selection committee and Indian captain Virat Kohli along with Coach Mr. Ravi Shastri met in Mumbai to announce Indian squad for World Cup 2019 & Selection committee led by MSK Prasad.

India has picked a total of 15 members for the upcoming World cup which is held in England and Wales. The world cup is going to start on 30^th May 2019. India will play first match against South Africa on the 5^th of June 2019. Total 7 Players retained from Worl Cup 2015.

Here is the full Indian World Cup Squad !!

1. Rohit Sharma ( Opening Batsman& Vice Caption )

2. Shikhar Dhavan ( Opening Batsman )

3. Lokesh Rahul ( Backup Opening Batsman )

4. Virat Kohli (Batsman & Caption )

5. MS Dhoni ( Batsman & WK )

6. Kedar Jadhav ( Batsman )

7. Dinesh Karthik ( Batsman & Backup WK )

8. Vijay Shankar ( All rounder )

9. Hardik Pandya ( All rounder )

10. Ravindra Jadeja ( All rounder )

11. Ujvendra Chahal ( Spin Bowler )

12. Kuldip Yadav ( Spin Bowler )

13. Bhuvaneshwar Kumar ( Fast Bowler )

14. Jasprit Bumrah ( Fast Bowler )

15. Mohmad Shami ( Fast Bowler )

This 15 members team will be lead by Caption Virat Kohli and Vice caption Rohit Sharma. KL Rahul will act as a backup opening batsman where Dinesh Karthik will play as Back up Wicketkeeper for MS Dhoni. BCCI is looking towards Vijay Shankar as Allrounder or Batsman at no. 4. Among this selection team, there was a tough battle for batting no. 4 position in team India, But fortunately, KL Rahul, Kedar Jadhav, and Vijay Shankar can play this role for team India.

Most of the people accepting Rishabh Pant as Backup Wicket keeper and Batsman and Ambati Rayadu will bat at no. 4 But unfortunately, they didn’t pick up to Pant and Rayadu. Instead of them Dinesh Karthik and Vijay Shankar selected by BCCI.

Profile of Indian World Cup Squad Players

Virat Kohli

Role: Batsman

Matches: 227

Runs: 10843

Average: 59.57

S/R: 92.96

50/100s: 49/41

Rohit Sharma

Role: Batsman

Matches: 206

Runs: 8010

Average: 47.39

S/R: 87.95

50/100s: 41/22

Shikhar Dhavan

Role: Batsman

Matches: 128

Runs: 5355

Average: 44.62

S/R: 93.79

50/100s: 27/16

KL Rahul

Role: Batsman

Matches: 14

Runs: 343

Average: 34.30

S/R: 80.89

50/100s: 2/1

MS Dhoni

Role: Wicket Keeper & Batsman

Matches: 341

Runs: 10500

Average: 50.72

S/R: 87.55

50/100s: 71/10

Dismissals: 434

Catches/Stump: 314/120

Dinesh Karthik

Role: Wicket Keeper and Batsman

Matches: 91

Runs: 1738

Average: 31.03

S/R: 73.70

50/100s: 9/0

Dismissals: 68

Catches/Stump: 61/7

Vijay Shankar

Role: All Rounder

Matches: 9

Runs: 165

Average: 33

S/R: 96.49

50/100s: 0/0

Wickets: 2

Economy: 5.61

Kedar Jadhav

Role: Batsman all-rounder

Matches: 59

Runs: 1174

Average: 43.48

S/R: 102.43

50/100s: 5/2

Wickets: 27

Economy: 5.15

Hardik Pandya

Role: All-rounder

Matches: 45

Runs: 731

Average: 29.24

S/R: 116.58

50/100s: 4/0

Wickets: 44

Economy: 5.53

Ravindra Jadeja

Role: All-rounder

Matches: 151

Runs: 2035

Average: 29.92

S/R: 84.23

50/100s: 10/0

Wickets: 174

Economy: 4.88

Uzvendra Chahal

Role: Bowler

Matches: 41

Wickets: 72

Economy: 4.89

Average: 24.61

Kuldeep Yadav

Role: Bowler

Matches: 44

Wickets: 87

Economy: 4.93

Average: 21.74

Jasprit Bumrah

Role: Bowler

Matches: 49

Wickets: 85

Economy: 4.51

Average: 22.15

Bhuvaneshwar Kumar

Role: Bowler

Matches: 105

Wickets: 118

Economy: 5.01

Average: 35.66

Mohammed Shami

Role: Bowler

Matches: 63

Wickets: 111

Economy: 5.48

Average: 26.11

However, India is looking too strong and balanced team over all other teams, We hope that all selection will be perfect and will be well executed on the ground. Finally, We wish our team with our Best Wishes to All Indian team Players for Upcoming World Cup

!! BEST OF LUCK TEAM INDIA !!

Resistors – Series circuit and Parallel Circuit

2019-04-13T08:36:00.003+05:30

Resistors – Series circuit and Parallel Circuit

Hello friends in our last topics we have seen Resistance, Resistivity and Conductance, Conductivity and Temperature effect on Resistance .

In this chapter we will learn about Resistors – Series circuit and Parallel Circuit

Resistors in Series or Series Circuit :

Resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in Series combinations in which one end of resistor is connected to another end of resistor and forms a series. Therefore series circuit also can be called as end to end or cascade connection .

Conditions to be meet or satisfied for Series connection:

1. There should be end to end connection between resistors in the circuit.

2. Current should be same for all the element connected in Series .

Resistance of Series Combinations

The equivalent resistance of series combination of resistors is the sum of all resistors connected in series .

RT = R1+R2+R3

For n numbers of resistors RT is given by

RT = R1+R2+………..Rn

Sample problem:

Using the circuit diagram -Find the value of missing resistance R.

Answer:

From Ohm's law we know that

Resistance = Voltage/current,

therefore

Resistance=50V/2A
Resistance=25 Ω

Resistors in series:

Resistance=8+5+2+4+R
Resistance=19+R

Lets see ,

25=19+R

R=25-19 Ω

R= 6 Ω

Resistors in Parallel or Parallel Circuit :

Resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in Parallel combinations in which Resistors are connected in across with each other . One end of resistor is connected to junction point of another resistor .

Conditions to be meet or satisfied for Series connection:

1. There should be resistors connections across to each other

2. Voltage should be same for all the element connected in Parallel .

Resistance of Parallel Combinations

The equivalent resistance of parallel combination of resistors

Note : The equivalent resistance always smaller than the smallest resistance in parallel resistors circuit .

Example problem:

Calculate the equivalent resistance "R" across the voltage V in the circuit as below ?

Answer:

Since these resistors are in parallel we know from the equation above that
1/R = ¼ + 1/5 + 1/20
1/R = 5/20 + 4/20 + 1/20
1/R = 10/20 = ½
R = 2 Ω

As per our statement equivalent resistance will always be less than the smallest resistor in parallel.

Also Learn about basic concepts ofelectrical engineering.

Resistance, Resistivity and Conductance, Conductivity and Temperature effect on Resistance

2019-04-09T16:44:00.002+05:30

Resistance, Resistivity and Conductance, Conductivity and Temperature effect on Resistance

What is resistance?

Resistance means oppose, in electrical current - opposition that offers a substance to flow of electrical current.

It is denoted by 'Ω'

It is measured in ohm.

What is Conductance?

It can be defined as the reciprocal of Resistance.

It is denoted by G.

Resistivity (ρ)

Property of a material that indicates how much it will oppose flowing of current.

It is also called as Specific Resistance.

It is denoted by rho (ρ).

It depends on Resistance (R), Length (L) and Cross-sectional area of the conductor.

Resistance calculation

R - the resistance in ohms (Ω).

ρ - the resistivity in ohms-meter (Ω×m).

l - the length of the conductor in meter (m).

A -the cross-sectional area of the conductor in square meters (m2).

What is Conductivity?

It is defined as the reciprocal of Resistivity.

It is denoted by.

The best conductor is having the lowest value of specific resistance and similarly, the best insulator is having the highest value of specific resistance.

Factors affecting the value of Resistance.

1. Directly proportional to Resistivity of material (ρ)

2. Directly proportional to the length of conductor (L)

3. Inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the conductor (A).

4. Due to change in temperature of conductor will affects to the length of the conductor.

Effect of Temperature on Resistance or Relation of Resistance and Temperature

Effect of temperature on resistance of Pure Metals:

For pure metals temperature linearly (Rate of increase remains constant) increases with resistance.

The resistance of metal reduces with a reduction in temperature and it reduces to 0 Ω at -234.5˚ C.

How Resistance increases with temperature?

Effect of temperature on resistance of Alloys:

Resistance for alloys increases with increase in Temperature but rate of change in resistance less than that of metals.

For some exception alloys such as Managing and Eureka the change in resistance with temperature is almost Zero.

Effect of temperature on resistance of Insulators:

Resistance for insulators decreases with increase in Temperature .

Hence materials at low temperature act as perfect Insulators and It will starts acts as good conductor at very high temperature .

Effect of temperature on resistance of Semiconductor:

The semiconductor material have a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity . Means Resistance for semiconductors decreases with increase in Temperature

Graphical Presentation for Temperature and Resistance relation

Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering - Ohms Law , Current , Voltage and Power etc.

2019-04-07T19:39:00.001+05:30

Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering

Following are the basic electrical concepts

1. Current

2. Voltage

3. Resistance

4. Capacitance
5. Power
6. Energy

What is current?

Current is the flow of electrical charge carries like electrons.

It is denoted by 'I'.

SI Unit of current is Ampere.

What is voltage?

Simply it is the electrical potential difference between two points.
It is also known as electrical pressure.

It is denoted by 'V'.

It is measured in Volts.

What is resistance?

Resistance means oppose, in electrical current - opposition that offers a substance to flow of electrical current.

It is denoted by 'Ω'

It is measured in ohm.

Resistivity (ρ)

Property of a material that indicates how much it will oppose the flow of electric current.

Resistance calculation

R - the resistance in ohms (Ω).

ρ - the resistivity in ohms-meter (Ω×m).

l - the length of the conductor in meter (m).

A -the cross-sectional area of the conductor in square meters (m2).

What is capacitance?

Capacitance is the ability of an object to store the electric charge/energy.

It is denoted by 'C'.

It is measured in farad.

What is Power?

Electric power is defined as the rate of energy consumption in an electrical circuit or network.

It is denoted by ‘P’

The electric power is measured in watts.

The electric power P is equal to the energy consumption E divided by the consumption time t:

P=E/t

P - the electric power in watt (W).

E - the energy consumption in joule (J).

t - the time in seconds (s).

Electrical Energy :

It is the product of electric power and time.

The unit of energy is watt-hour.

E= P×t

Ohms Law

Ohms law firstly described by Mr. Georg Ohm in 1827.

Basically, it is the relationship between current, voltage and resistance.

Statement :

At a constant temperature, the electrical current flowing through a fixed linear component is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to resistance.

I = V/R

Limitations of ohms law :

1. It is not applicable to unilateral elements like a diode , transistor . Unilateral networks that allow the current to flow in only one direction

2. It is also not applicable to non-linear elements like thyristor . Non-linear elements are those which do not have current exactly proportional to the applied voltage that means the resistance value of those elements changes for different values of voltage and current

Gudi Padwa Best Wishes , Messages , Images and Status - Marathi , Hindi and English

2019-04-05T19:10:00.005+05:30

Gudi Padwa Best Wishes, Messages, Status - Marathi, Hindi, and English

Marathi and Hindi

1 Tazgi

1 Sapna

1 Sachai

1 Kalpana

1 Ahsas

1 Vishwas

Yahi hai

Achhe Din aur Saal ki Shuruvaat

HAPPY GUDHI PADWA 2019 !! .

Reshmee Gudi,
Limba che Pan ,
Nav Varsha jaao chhan.
Amchya sarvanchya tarphe tumhala hardik shoobhecha.
Happy Gudi Padwa 2019 !! .

Buri yaado se na karo aankhe nam,

Khatta swad chakh kar bhul jao gum,

Aao tum sab yaaro, mil kar manaye,

Gudi ka tyohaar hum,

Wishing you a Gudi Padwa 2019...!!

Tumchi Sarv Swapne Poorna Hovo
Manaat Gheun Hi Iiccha

Pathvat Aahe Tumhala Aaaj

Gudi Padwyachya Shubheccha.

Surya Toch pan Kirane Nave,

Shabda tech pan Arth Nave,

Aayushya Tech pan Varsh Nave
Aani Yashache Suru Hovo Parv Nave.
Gudi Padvyacha

Hardik Shubheccha.. 2019 !! .

Ishwarachi Krapa Ani Premachi

Naati, Sukh, Aarogya, Samruddhee

Daari Yetee, Gudi Padwa Ghevun

Yevo Aanand Bharamsaath Ashich

Raaho Jeewanatli Pratyek Pahat
Gudi Padvyacha Hardik Shubheccha.. 2019 !! .

Gudhi Ubharu Pragatichee ,
Thodi Palvee Premachi, Vastra Levuni

Samaadhanache, Swaagat Karuyaa Nav Varshache
Nav Varshashyaa Hardik

Shubheccha. Happy Gudi Padwa 2019 !! .

English

Let come together to have the resolution to spread

Love and Peace in Lives on this beautiful Day...

Happy Gudi Padwa 2019 !! .

Every day of every year
May God bless you along with health
And cheer Never to go far always be near

These are my wishes for you dear
Happy Gudi Padwa. 2019 !!

Hope This Gudi Padava May Bring You Happiness,

Prosperity with Wealth.

From The Deep Of the My Heart.

I Wish You And Your Family.

Happy Gudi Padwa 2019 !! .

May This Gudi Padwaa will be as bright as ever

May this Gudi Padwa bring a lot of joy with health and wealth to you

May the festival of lights brighten up to you and

your near and dear ones live 2019 !!

Raise The Gudi and Join Your Hands

Pray To God He will Understands

Live Each of Day To The Fullest

May This Padwa Bring Nothing

But The Best Happy Gudi Padwa 2019 !!

What's Up Status on our YouTube Channel

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Samsung Galaxy M30 (Gradation Blue, 4+ 64 GB)

2019-04-03T20:37:00.000+05:30

Samsung Galaxy M30 (Gradation Blue, 4+64 GB)

Price: RS. 14990/-

Product Description :

Camera: 13+5+5MP Triple rear camera along with F1.9 aperture, 2.2 wide angles, 2.2 flash and 16MP front camera with F 2.0 aperture

Display: 16.21 centimeters (6.4-inch) FHD+ multi-touch capacitive touch screen with 2340 x 1080 pixels resolution and 16M color support

Memory Storage: 4GB RAM and 64GB internal memory expandable up to 512GB

SIM: Dual SIM (ano + nano) dual-standby (4G+4G)

Processor: Android Oreo V 8.1 operating system with 1.8 GHz Exynos 7904 octa-core processor

Battery: 5000 mAH lithium-ion battery with 3 x fast charge, 15W Type C fast charger available in the box.

Warranty: One-year manufacturer warranty available on the main device and Total Six months manufacturer warranty available with accessories which also includes batteries from the date of purchase
Accessories: One Handset ( Device ), Charging Adapter, USB Cable, Ejection Pin and User Manual for Samsung Mobile

Technical Details :

Parameter	Specification
OS	Android
RAM	4 GB
Item Weight	172 g
Product Dimensions	15.9 x 0.9 x 7.5 cm
Batteries:	1 Lithium ion batteries required. (included)
Item model number	SM-M305FZBDINS
Wireless communication technologies	Bluetooth; Wi-Fi Hotspot
Connectivity technologies	2G;GSM;3G;WCDMA;4G;LTE;FDD;TDD
Special features	Dual SIM (nano + nano) dual-standby (4G+4G), GPS, Music Player, Video Player, Accelerometer, Fingerprint sensor, Gyroscope sensor, Geomagnetic sensor, Proximity sensor
Other camera features	16MP
Form factor	Touch screen Phone
Weight	172 Grams
Color	Gradation Blue
Battery Power Rating	5000
What’s in the box	One Handset ( Device ), Charging Adapter, USB Cable, Ejection Pin and User Manual for Samsung Mobile

Warranty & Support:

One-year manufacturer warranty available on the main device and Total Six months manufacturer warranty available with accessories which also includes batteries from the date of purchase

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Narnedra Modi- Journey of a common man

2019-04-02T18:37:00.003+05:30

Who is NARENDRA MODI?

Mr. Narendra Modi whose full name is NARENDRA DAMODARDAS MODI - born in September 17 , 1950 at Vadnager in India .

Mr. NARENDRA MODI is the current Prime Minister of India and Indian Politician as a Leader of BHARTIYA JANTA PARTY who led his party in 2014 LOKSABHA to make a Government of BJP. After which he becomes Prime Minister of India for 2014-2019. Before of that Mr. Narendra Modi has served for Gujarat western state of India as Chief Minister in 2001-2014 .

Political Career of NAMO ( Narendra Modi ) :

Mr. Modi completed his M.A degree in political science from Gujarat University in Ahmadabad of Gujarat state of India. After that, he joined Hindu organization RSS named as Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in the year of 1970. After that, he established RSS student wing with the name of ABVP-Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad in his circle. Modi groomed with ABVP and it helped much in his Political Career.

Mr. NAMO joined the BJP in the year of 1987 after a year later he was made the general secretary of the Gujarat branch of the BJP. In 1990 Modi was one of the BJP members who participated in a program of coalition agreement in the state . which helped the BJP achieve success in the 1995 state legislative assembly elections in March that allowed the party to form the first-ever BJP controlled government in India.

Narendra Modi As Prime Minister :

In this battle, BJP has won assembly election in 2014 by a huge margin . Modi was selected as a prime minister on May 26, 2014. After that he took PMO office, his government marked on several categories, including campaigns to improve India's transportation , infrastructure and also to liberalize rules on direct foreign investment in the country .

As prime minister, NAMO oversaw a promotion of Hindu culture and the implementation of economic reforms . The government undertook measures that would broadly appeal to Hindus, like its attempt to ban the sale of cows for slaughter . Among of that most was the demonetization and replacement of 500 and 1,000 rupee notes with only a few hours’ notice at midnight . The purpose was to stop “black money” cash used for activities by making it difficult to exchange large sums of cash. The following year the government centralized the consumption tax system by introducing the GST-Goods and Services Tax . Which superseded a confusing system of local taxes and eliminated the problem of cascading tax. GDP growth slowed from these changes, though growth had already been high (8.2 percent in 2015), and the reforms succeeded in expanding the government’s tax base.

DRDO Mission Shakti

2019-03-27T20:26:00.000+05:30

PM Narendra Modi announced in his speech to nation says India's Mission Shakti has shot down a Low-Orbit Satellite using ASAT missile

New Delhi: India shot down a low-earth orbit satellite in space. Actuate itself through an elite club of nations, which mastered this anti-satellite missile technology.

On this achievement, PM Narendra Modi has released his address to the nation on Wednesday. PM Modi, however, was to point out the intent of DRDO's "Mission Shakti " is to defend India’s space assets and not far start an arms race in space. Since there are no intentions governing the use of ASAT, India is not in violation of any international conventions.

On this occasion, let's see the brief of Mission Shakti.

What is Mission Shakti?

Ø The use of ASAT seems as crossing new frontier like India’s 1998 nuclear tests. Anti-satellite technology has been in the hands of very few countries which includes: the United States, Russia, and China. The acquirement and demonstration of this technology make India a member of an elite group of nations.

Ø The fact that this anti-satellite technology ingeniously developed adds to India’s credentials, given that for many decades India had been kept away from acquiring key technologies, forcing that India to develop its own space and as well as nuclear capabilities.

Ø The anti-satellite space technology displays India’s focus on security challenges, emanating beyond Pakistan. On this occasion, our analyst New Delhi-based think-tank Observer Research Foundation Mr. Arvind K. John said that “The ASAT weapon is likely to be the most potent military tool for the armed forces over the next few decades, notwithstanding a revolutionary technological breakthrough ."

Ø On of our government official who did not want to be named said: “This technological achievement will have many spin-offs that we can exploit for civilian commercial use ."

Congratulations to DRDO and All Indian having great achievements !!

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Fund Transfer Types – NEFT, RTGS & IMPS

2019-03-23T21:11:00.001+05:30

Fund Transfer Types – NEFT, RTGS & IMPS

Most of the banks provide multiple options based on their various factors and customer’s requirements. Currently, banks provide multiple transfer methods such as below

1. National Electronic Funds Transfer ( NEFT )

2. Real Time Gross Settlement ( RTGS )

3. Immediate Payment Service ( IMPS )

These types are based on below factors
1. The value of the transaction
2. Speed of transfer
3. Service availability
And other factors are, each of the transfer methods will provide different kinds of features and flexibility. Though each of them has its own pros and cons. They provide flexibility and convenience to their customers.

Fund Transfer Methods Types

There are various systems available for online transfer of funds, Just like as digital wallets, UPI, etc, NEFT, RTGS, and IMPS are the most common as well as highly used methods. In order to initiate a fund transfer request, the person who is transferring the money also known as the originator is required to have the basic account details of the beneficiary. Details such as the bank account number, beneficiary’s name on the bank account, IFSC Code, and the bank branch name are the most important and necessary factors to use any transfer method of money transfer. But finally, the originator has to considered responsible for ensuring the correctness of the account details used for a transfer of money.

Before understanding these of the fund transfer methods and knowing the differences between them, it is necessary to learn the basic factors that are involved in each of the payment systems.

These important factors distinguish the online fund transfer methods on various factors -

Fund Value - The fund value is essential to determining which of the transfer methods are rights for you. Depending on the value of the money, the user needs to choose a particular fund transfer type that will cater to his or her requirements. However, in the case of newly registered beneficiary, a limited amount of fund is allowed to transfer. If you are new to transferring funds online, it will be better to contact your bank or refer to their help desk or instructions

· Timings (service availability) - There are various methods of fund transfer that allows 24/7 online transfers while others have their specified timings. The latter allows the user to initiate a fund transfer any time but the funds will settle only during the availability of the service.

· Fund Settlement Speed - After considering the fund amount, most often a user will look into the settlement speed parameter. Each of the fund transfer methods comes with different types of settlement speed. Fund settlement speed will indicate the amount of time consumed or the speed at which the funds are settled to the beneficiary's account once the fund has been initiated. Mostly people largely choose one transfer method over that due to the speed factor, however, a faster settlement speed is included to attract additional charges.

· Charges - In accordance with Reserve Bank of India - RBI, banks always decide their transaction charges for each of the fund transfer methods. The charges will be purely based on the total amount of the fund, settlement speed, and other features/flexibility offered by the bank. The government levies an applicable to the service charge for each fund transfer transaction. Both the originators and the beneficiaries are advised to refer to his or her banks help desk from website to get the latest list of transaction fees and charges applicable for online transfers.

· Transaction Limits - It is one of the safest banking features and healthy practices. All banking and financial institutions specify their transaction limits on most types of their banking and financial products. Also, RBI regulates the transaction limits and all other factors of fund transfer by through-out the Board for Regulation and Supervision of Payment and Settlement Systems (BPSS). BPSS- is basically a subcommittee of the Central Board of the RBI and designated for being the highest authority to making policies pertaining to the payment systems in all India. Moreover, BPSS is also having responsible for supervising all the payment and settlement systems regularly. For your information, All the payment and settlement systems and services in India are regulated under the Payment and Settlement Systems as per Act, 2007 (PSS Act).

There are also various other factors are involved in the transfer of funds, these all are few of the most basic and important factors which differentiate one transfer method from the other. Since now each of the factors has a direct impact on the various transfer methods, it makes it easy to understand the differences between the available transfer option.

Difference between NEFT, RTGS, and IMPS

Parameter	NEFT	RTGS	IMPS
Minimum transfer amount	Rs.1	Rs.2 lakh	Rs.1
Maximum transfer amount	No limit	Rs.10 lakh	Rs.2 lakh
Settlement	Batches	One-on-one settlement	One-on-one settlement
Speed of settlement	2 hours (Respect to cut-off timings and batches)	Immediately	Immediately
Service availability	Weekdays: 12 batches between 8:00 a.m. - 6:30 p.m. Saturday: 6 batches between 8:00 a.m. 1:00 p.m. Sunday and bank holidays: Unavailable	Weekdays: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m Saturdays: 9:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m Sunday and bank holidays: Unavailable	All Days 24/7
Fees	Up to Rs.10,000 - Rs.2.50 From Rs.10,000 up to Rs.1 lakh - Rs.5 From Rs.1 lakh up to Rs.2 lakh - Rs.15 From Rs.2 lakh up to Rs.5 lakh - Rs.25 From Rs.5 lakh up to Rs.10 lakh - Rs.50	From Rs.2 lakh to Rs.5 lakh -Rs.25 From Rs.5 lakh to Rs.10 lakh Rs.50	Up to Rs.10,000 - Rs.2.5 From Rs.10,000 to Rs.1 lakh -Rs.5 From Rs.1 lakh to Rs.2 lakh- Rs.15
Online or Offline	Both	Both	Online

Things to consider before initiating a fund transfer

· Timings - The timings for each type of fund transfer methods depend on to the bank. NEFT and RTGS are commonly based on the bank’s hours of operation, depending on the location and specific working hours, the service availability may differ for either of the party involved in the fund transfer.

· GST - GST is applicable on the transaction fee as per the latest norms which are subject to charge.

· Transaction fee - Fees charged for initiating the transfer and also not for receiving the funds.

· Transfer network - The user needs to check whether the beneficiary's account is eligible to receive funds or not since the bank might not be a part of the transfer network.

Traditional Banking Vs Internet Banking

2019-03-22T23:36:00.002+05:30

Traditional Banking
Vs
Internet Banking

Topics to be cover

Introduction Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking

Facilities Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking

Advantages

Disadvantages

Introduction or Meaning :

Traditional Banking or Offline Banking :

A banker or any of the bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for their respective customers and to borrow and lend money from their customers. It is an institution for receiving, keeping, and lending money within the act.

Internet Banking or Online Banking :

Online banking or Internet banking will allow their customers to conduct some of the financial transactions on a secure website operated by their retail or virtual bank from the banker.

Facilities provided by

Traditional Banking or Offline Banking :

Open an account
Cash Withdrawals and Money Deposit
Open or create fixed deposits
Renew fixed deposits
Request for a cheque book and Demand draft
Apply for Loans and Auto payments of Loans

Internet Banking or Online Banking :

View your account balance, Statement & Transaction history

Transfer funds between account within the bank
Put in requests for account statement of account by E-mail registration
Authorize electronic bill payments

Disadvantages

Disadvantages of Traditional Banking :

In Traditional Banking, sometimes your work might remain uncompleted which is totally wastage of time
In case of having any problem, every time you have to visit Banks
In Traditional Banking, Sometimes if employees are busy with their bank, it any possibility that they may not give you the proper answer
The process takes too much time to complete

Disadvantages of Internet Banking :

· “Hackers” accessing your bank accounts ( If you have leaked your personal details )

· One must have basic knowledge about Internet and computer to use secure Online Banking

· Be aware of frauds calls and not to share your personal details

Conclusion :

If you know about Internet banking usages and awareness related

to security than Internet banking much better than Offline banking

and If you don't know about Internet Banking then you have to be

learn it first.

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SunShine Pro Lights- Lighting and Charging System

Effects of Electric Current - Chemical Effect , Magnetic Effect and Heating Effect

Types of Resistors – Non-linear Resistor , Thermistors, LDR and Varistors

I. Fixed Resistors

F. II. Variable Resistors

Types of Resistors – Fixed and Variable Resistors

Types of Variable resistors

Applications of Variable Resistors

BCCI announced Indian World Cup Squad , Profile of Indian World Cup Players

BCCI announced Indian World Cup Squad

Resistors – Series circuit and Parallel Circuit

Resistance, Resistivity and Conductance, Conductivity and Temperature effect on Resistance

Effect of Temperature on Resistance or Relation of Resistance and Temperature

Basic Concepts of Electrical Engineering - Ohms Law , Current , Voltage and Power etc.

Gudi Padwa Best Wishes , Messages , Images and Status - Marathi , Hindi and English

Samsung Galaxy M30 (Gradation Blue, 4+ 64 GB)

Samsung Galaxy M30 (Gradation Blue, 4+64 GB)

Memory Storage: 4GB RAM and 64GB internal memory expandable up to 512GB

SIM: Dual SIM (ano + nano) dual-standby (4G+4G)

Dual SIM (nano + nano) dual-standby (4G+4G), GPS, Music Player, Video Player, Accelerometer, Fingerprint sensor, Gyroscope sensor, Geomagnetic sensor, Proximity sensor

One Handset ( Device ), Charging Adapter, USB Cable, Ejection Pin and User Manual for Samsung Mobile

One-year manufacturer warranty available on the main device and Total Six months manufacturer warranty available with accessories which also includes batteries from the date of purchase

Samsung Galaxy M30 (Gradation Blue, 4+64 GB)

BUY Watch the overview on our YouTube Channel

Narnedra Modi- Journey of a common man

DRDO Mission Shakti

New Delhi: India shot down a low-earth orbit satellite in space. Actuate itself through an elite club of nations, which mastered this anti-satellite missile technology.

Fund Transfer Types – NEFT, RTGS & IMPS

Traditional Banking Vs Internet Banking

Traditional Banking Vs Internet Banking

Topics to be cover

Introduction Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking Facilities Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking Advantages Disadvantages

Introduction or Meaning :

Disadvantages

Disadvantages of Traditional Banking :

Disadvantages of Internet Banking :

Conclusion :

BUY

Watch the overview on our YouTube Channel

Traditional Banking
Vs
Internet Banking

Introduction Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking

Facilities Of Traditional Banking And Online Banking

Advantages

Disadvantages