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How-to

2012-01-13T06:23:00.000-08:00

This article is about task accomplishment descriptions. For the wiki-based community of how-to guides and manuals, see wikiHow.
For Wikipedia processes and practices how-to guides, see Wikipedia how-to

A how-to or a how to is an informal, often short, description of how to accomplish some specific task. A how-to is usually meant to help non-experts, may leave out details that are only important to experts, and may also be greatly simplified from an overall discussion of the topic. One of the earliest How-to books was published in 1519 by Thomas Wight and entitled, A booke of the arte and maner, how to plant and graffe all sortes of trees: With divers other new practise, by one of the Abbey of Saint Vincent in Fraunce by Leonard Mascall.
Contents
[hide]

    1 Spelling
    2 How-tos on the Internet
    3 See also
    4 References

[edit] Spelling

The correct way to write it in English is "how-to", but it is common practice to write it as "HOWTO" in the Linux community.[1] This may be for stylistic consistency with the related terminology FAQ and README. Another possible reason is that this makes it easier to find a how-to in search engines like Google as searching with the words "to" and "how" does not necessarily deliver in relevant search results.[2]
[edit] How-tos on the Internet

How-tos have a long history as a way of sharing knowledge on the Internet, but are less successful than FAQs, manuals, recipes and guides[3] How-tos are very successful within Linux communities.[4]

In the beginning, most how-tos on the Internet were the result of a complex process in which an author wrote a how-to that readers would read. After 2001, user added content played a more and more important role on the internet in a trend that is widely referred to as Web 2.0. This had a profound impact on the way in which how-tos are spread on the internet. A number of websites choose the wiki model as a way of sharing knowledge on how-tos.

The acronym "101" is often used on how-tos and introductory tutorial
[edit] See also

    Documentation
    FAQ
    Imperative mood
    Knowledge base
    Methods of obtaining knowledge
    Procedural knowledge, a discussion of what sort of knowledge is imparted, and how far it can be imparted, in how-tos.
    Tutorial
    User guide
    Walkthrough
    WikiHow

[edit] References
Wikibooks

Wikibooks has a How-tos bookshelf and also books on these subjects:

    Computer programming
    First Aid
    Cookbook
    Bartending
    Yahowto

    ^ List of Linux HowTos, tldp.org
    ^ As of 2009 A Google search for "How To" results in a comprehensive list of HowTo sites. It seems this has changed throughout the years. In the 1990's and early years of 2000, it was common for search engines to ignore these words, and even to notify the user that these words are too common for giving a comprehensive result. Currently, the Google features web page says: Google ignores common words and characters such as where, the, how, and other digits and letters that slow down your search without improving the results. If a common word is essential to getting the results you want, you can make sure we pay attention to it by putting a "+" sign in front of it."
    ^ . A search on Google for "howto faq" or for "faq howto" results in FAQs with HowTo instructions in them, but never to a single HowTo page. This is probably due to the fact that FAQ pages are usually broader in scope, and therefore more commonly used.
    ^ Another Linux HowTo compilation, linux.org

The Addams Family

2012-01-12T11:56:00.003-08:00

Addams's original cartoons were one-panel gags. The characters were undeveloped and unnamed until the television series production.
“     Gomez and Pugsley are enthusiastic. Morticia is even in disposition, muted, witty, sometimes deadly. Grandma Frump is foolishly good-natured. Wednesday is her mother's daughter. A closely knit family, the real head being Morticia—although each of the others is a definite character — except for Grandma, who is easily led. Many of the troubles they have as a family are due to Grandma’s fumbling, weak character. The house is a wreck, of course, but this is a house-proud family just the same and every trap door is in good repair. Money is no problem.[1]     ”

— Charles Addams

The family appears to be a single surviving branch of the Addams clan. Many other "Addams families" exist all over the world. According to the film version, the family credo is, Sic gorgiamus allos subjectatos nunc (pseudo-Latin: "We gladly feast on those who would subdue us"). Charles Addams was first inspired by his home town of Westfield, New Jersey, an area full of ornate Victorian mansions and archaic graveyards.[2]

According to the television series, they live in a gloomy mansion adjacent to a cemetery and a swamp at 0001 Cemetery Lane. In the Addams Family musical, first shown in Chicago in 2009, the house is located in Central Park.[3]

Most of the humour spread from the fact that although they share macabre interests, the Addamses are not typically evil. They are a close-knit extended family. Morticia is an exemplary mother, and she and Gomez remain passionate towards each other. Created by the television series writers, she calls him "Bubele",[4] to which he responds by kissing her arms, behavior Morticia can also provoke by speaking a few words in French dialogue (the meaning is not important — any French will do). The parents are supportive of their children. The family is friendly and hospitable to visitors, in some cases willing to donate large sums of money to causes (television series and films), despite the visitors' horror at the Addams's peculiar lifestyle.

Charles Addams began as a cartoonist in the The New Yorker with a sketch of a window washer that ran on February 6, 1932.[5] His cartoons ran regularly in the magazine from 1938, when he drew the first instance of what came to be called the Addams Family, until his death in 1988.[5]

In 1946, Addams met science-fiction writer Ray Bradbury after having drawn an illustration for Bradbury's short story "Homecoming" in Mademoiselle magazine, the first in a series of tales chronicling a family of Illinois vampires, the Elliotts. The pair became friends and planned to collaborate on a book of the Elliott Family's complete history, with Bradbury writing and Addams providing the illustrations; but it never materialized. Bradbury's Elliott Family stories were anthologized in From the Dust Returned (2001), with a connecting narrative, an explanation of his work with Addams, and Addams's 1946 Mademoiselle illustration used for the book's cover jacket. Although Addams' own characters were well established by the time of their initial encounter, in a 2001 interview Bradbury states that Addams "went his way and created the Addams Family and I went my own way and created my family in this book."[6]
[edit] Addams Family characters

Originally none of the members of the Addams family had names, but when the 1960s television show was in development, Charles Addams was asked to provide names for each of the characters. For the father, he suggested Gomez or Repelli;[7] for the mother, Morticia;[1] for the uncle, Uncle Fester; for the grandmother, Grandma Frump;[1] for the butler, Lurch; for the daughter, Wednesday[1] (for being "full of woe"); and for the son, Pubert.[7] Pubert was changed to Pugsley[1] and resurfaced later as the name of the new Addams baby in Addams Family Values. The hairy creature appeared in Addams cartoons as "It", but was named "Cousin Itt" by the show's producer, David Levy.
[edit] Gomez
Main article: Gomez Addams

Gomez became the master of the Addams household and the Addams patriarch, married to Morticia and the father of Wednesday and Pugsley. Originally he was Grandmama's son, but this was retconned in the 1991 film, and he became Grandmama's son-in-law instead. Also retconned in the films, he became the younger brother of Fester instead of his nephew-in-law. In the original cartoons in the New Yorker, he appeared tubby, snub-nosed and with a receding chin.

In the 1960s television series, Gomez was portrayed as a naive, handsome, and successful man, although with a childlike, eccentric enthusiasm for everything he did. For instance, his personal portrait depicted him as standing gleefully on his head. Though a peaceful man, he was known to be well-versed in many types of combat; he and Morticia fenced with foils sometimes.

Gomez professed endless love for his wife, Morticia. He had studied to be a lawyer, but rarely practiced, one of the running jokes being that he took great pride in losing his cases. He was also pleased with the fact that his law class had voted him the man "Least Likely to Pass the Bar".

Gomez was depicted as extremely wealthy, through inheritance and extensive investments, but he seemed to have little regard for money. Although he invested in the stock market, to the point where there was a ticker tape machine in the livingroom, he played the market primarily to lose, or else invested in odd schemes that inadvertently paid off big (swamp land found to have oil under it, etc.). One novel claimed Gomez became wealthy through his ghoulish sense of humour, when he discovered it was possible to make a killing in the stock market. Despite his macabre sense of humour, he was extremely generous, and would go out of his way to help those whom he considered friends.

Gomez is of Castilian origin, loved to smoke cigars, and would play destructively with his model trains. Of the names which Charles Addams suggested for the family, "Gomez" was the only one that was not "ghoulish" (in the manner of Morticia or Fester). When asked why he suggested the name Gomez for the character, Addams replied that he "thought he [the character] had a bit of Spanish blood in him." However, Addams had trouble deciding whether the character should be Spanish or Italian. He decided that if he were Spanish he should be called "Gomez", but if Italian he would be "Repelli" (even though Gomez and Repelli are actually surnames). The final choice of first name was left up to actor John Astin.[8] Gomez was typically seen wearing conservative businesswear long out of fashion, such as pinstripe suits and spats.
[edit] Morticia
Main article: Morticia Addams

Morticia Addams (née Frump) was the matriarch of the Addams Family, a slim woman with pale skin, clad in a skin-tight black hobble gown with octopuslike tendrils at the hem. Certain sources suggested she may be some kind of vampire. She adored her husband, Gomez, as deeply as he did her.

Morticia's original mother was Hester Frump (played in two episodes of the television show by Margaret Hamilton), but her origins were later retconned in the films and she became Grandmama's daughter (and Grandmama became known as Esmeralda Frump). Morticia had an older sister named Ophelia. In the television show, her marriage brought her uncle Fester into the family.
[edit] Pugsley and Wednesday
Main articles: Pugsley Addams and Wednesday Addams

Gomez and Morticia had two children, a son called Pugsley and a daughter called Wednesday. Wednesday was said to have been named after the phrase, "Wednesday's child is full of woe," from the poem Monday's Child. Her middle name, Friday, corresponds to the 1887 version of the poem. In the television show she was a sweet-natured, innocent, happy child, largely concerned with her fearsome pet spiders. A favorite toy was her Marie Antoinette doll, which Pugsley had guillotined. The movies gave Wednesday a much more serious and mature personality with a deadpan wit and a morbid fascination with trying to physically harm, or possibly murder, her brother (she was seen strapping him into an electric chair, for example, and preparing to pull the switch); she was apparently often successful, but Pugsley never died. Like most members of the family, he seemed to be inhumanly resilient.

For his part, Pugsley was largely oblivious of the harm his sister tried to inflict on him, or an enthusiastic supporter of it, viewing all attempts as fun and games. In his first incarnation in the New Yorker cartoons, Pugsley was depicted as a diabolical, malevolent boy-next-door. In the television series, he was a devoted older brother and an inventive and mechanical genius. In the movies he lost his intelligence and independence, and became Wednesday's sidekick and younger brother, cheerfully helping her in her evil deeds.

In the animated series, Wednesday became a happy and somewhat optimistic child, while retaining her sophisticated manner from the movies, and Pugsley became a genius at chemistry — especially explosives — and machines, though his intelligence seemed undeveloped at times.

The children appeared to be home-taught, receiving all the education they required from Grandmama or Uncle Fester. An attempt to enroll them in the local elementary school did not work out initially, but in later episodes of the television series, they are depicted as attending it.

In the first movie, the children attended an elementary school and Wednesday was praised for her performance. Both children performed in school plays with their uncle's help. In the second movie, they are on summer vacation from school.

In the stage musical, Wednesday was aged to about 18 years old, while Pugsley was kept as a young child.
[edit] Pubert

In the 1993 film Addams Family Values, Gomez and Morticia have a third child, a son named Pubert (voiced by Cheryl Chase), a mustachioed baby who seemed to escape certain death through random chance a number of times. At some points in the movie, flaming arrows that originate off-screen fly by, with the implication that Pubert is the one who shot them. Originally conceived by Charles Addams for the character eventually named Pugsley in the 1960s television series, the name was rejected back then due to fears that 1960s network censors would not allow it because of its similarity to the words "pubic" and "puberty".

Pubert is referred to in the unrelated 1998 straight-to-video film Addams Family Reunion and the short-lived follow-up series that aired on Fox Family Channel, in which Wednesday stated that there used to be a third sibling, but that they ate it.
[edit] Uncle Fester
Main article: Uncle Fester

Fester is a bald, barrel-shaped man with dark, sunken eyes and a devilish grin. He seemed to carry an electrical charge, as he could illuminate a light bulb by sticking it in his mouth. In the original television series, Fester was Morticia's uncle. In all subsequent animated and film media, Fester was Gomez's older brother. The character played a central role in both of the first two feature films. In The Addams Family, Fester was reunited with the other Addamses after 25 years apart, while The Addams Family Values focused on his relationship with Deborah "Debbie" Jellinsky.
[edit] Grandmama
Main article: Grandmama (The Addams Family)

Grandmama is a witch who deals in potions, spells, hexes, and even fortune-telling. Her trademarks were her shawl and grey, frizzy hair. Charles Addams originally named the character Grandma/Granny Frump in his notes for the cartoon characters's adaptation to television in 1965,[1] thereby making her Morticia's mother. For the 1960s television series — as well as The New Addams Family, in which she is named Eudora Addams — her relationship to the family was retconned and she became Gomez's mother. However, both feature films and the animated television series conformed to Charles Addams's original concept of Grandmama as Wednesday's and Pugsley's maternal grandmother. In the first film, Morticia and Gomez discussed how Mother and Father Addams were killed by an angry mob, removing any possibility that Grandmama could be Gomez's and Fester's mother. In the third film, in which she was named Esmeralda, she was again implied to come from Morticia's family. The character was simply referred to as Granny in the two animated series. In the second episode of the 1992 series, Grandmama introduced herself with the line, "the name's Granny Frump",[9] while the following episode referenced Gomez's parents, Mother and Father Addams.[10] The 2010 Broadway musical version of The Addams Family poked fun at the inconsistencies of Grandmama's origins. In one scene, Morticia and Gomez both revealed that each believed she is the other's mother. People didn't know about her ghost son, named Eduardo.
[edit] The Thing
Main article: Thing (The Addams Family)

Another member of the family is "The Thing" and, as created by Charles Addams, he was a shy creature mostly seen in the background of Addams's drawings; however, the television series suggested it was a disembodied hand named "Thing", and was Gomez's friend since childhood. He (it is implied in the original television series that the character is male) often performed common, everyday tasks such as retrieving the mail, writing a letter, or just giving a friendly pat on the shoulder, appearing out of ubiquitous boxes or other convenient containers throughout the house. He communicated with the Addamses with a Morse-like alphabet, sign language, writing, and knocking on wood. In the movies and The New Addams Family, Thing was a fully mobile hand, cleanly severed just below the wrist (although no muscle or bone was exposed). In the original television series, Thing never appeared below the elbow. He lived in an upstairs closet made up as a house-within-a-house, though he was also shown to reside in a cigar box. In the original television series, Thing was generally played by Ted Cassidy (the actor who also played Lurch). He was usually a right hand, but Cassidy occasionally used his left, "just to see if anyone noticed".[11]

Thing was based on a New Yorker cartoon that depicted a shocked mailman reacting to a sign posted on the Addams mansion which warned "Beware of the Thing". While developing the series, Charles Addams was asked what, exactly, was the "thing"? He opined that for television "thing" could appear as a disembodied head that rolled through the house on various ramps and pulleys. It was decided that a hand would be a bit more palatable. This was to prove a source of some terrible puns. It should also be noted that on March 20, 1954 a cartoon was published in the New Yorker depicting the (Addams125 of the book The World of Chas Addams) family at rest in the den with two hands coming out of the record player changing the records. For images of The Thing as drawn by Charles Addams, refer particularly to pages 182-191 of The Addams Family: An Evilution. The producers of the television show, aware of the nearly thirty-five cartoon drawings that included "The Thing," as well as the 1954 in carnation, may well have been inspired to create "Thing" in the series based on the latter.

It is clear from the television show that Thing was not unique. In episode #38, "Morticia Meets Royalty," Princess Millicent von Schlepp arrived and produced an elaborate box from which a distinctly feminine hand (played by Carolyn Jones) emerged. Thing promptly fell in love. The female Thing has an actual name, Lady Fingers; and in another episode #23 we find that Thing, too, has a full name: "Thing T. Thing", the "T" standing for "Thing". At least one other Thing appears on-screen: when Lady Fingers leaves Princess von Schlepp's service, she is replaced by "Esmeralda", a rather hideous old female claw with jewels and nasty black pointy fingernails. In the episode "Thing is Missing", a picture was shown which was supposedly of his parents. The picture only showed male and female hands holding hands. It would appear that "Things" are common among the family's associates.
[edit] Lurch
Main article: Lurch (The Addams Family)

In addition to Thing, the Addams family also had a tall, ghoulish manservant named Lurch. Lurch served as a shambling, gravelly-voiced butler, accurately resembling Frankenstein's Monster, although he is a considerable "jack of all trades". He tried to help around the house, although occasionally he botched tasks due to his great size and strength, but is otherwise considered quite a catch by the Addamses for his skill at more personal tasks, such as waxing Uncle Fester's head and amusing the children (to whom he was deeply devoted). Surprisingly, he was often seen playing the harpsichord and organ with a great degree of skill and somewhat uncharacteristic enthusiasm. In Addams Family Reunion, Gomez stated that Lurch is not really an Addams, and Morticia replies that Lurch has parts of many families, and that he has the heart of an Addams. In one episode of the 1960s television series, Lurch's mother, played by actress Ellen Corby, came to visit; she was a short, overbearing little old lady. Lurch, too, had a level of invulnerability; in Addams Family Values, a 20-pound cannonball is dropped from the top of the Addams mansion, landing directly on his head, seemingly with no ill effect. In the original comics, Lurch did not speak. In the sitcom, he was capable of speech; beckoned by the pull of a noose-shaped rope which sounded a thunderous gong, he would answer with a signature monotone, brusque and basso profundo, "You rang?" This was due to actor Ted Cassidy ad-libbing the line while rehearsing a scene early in production of the original TV show. The producers liked it so much that Lurch then became a speaking role. In the theatrical movies, Lurch never spoke, using only grunts, sighs, or simple gesticulations. The New Addams Family returned to the original sitcom style, right down to the noose that rang a gong. In it, Lurch also seemed a little more polite than his earlier counterparts.
[edit] Cousin Itt
Main article: Cousin Itt

Cousin Itt, as so named by the television series producer, (spelled as "Cousin It" in the movies and the pinball game), who frequently visited the family, was short-statured and had long hair that covered his entire body from scalp to floor. Cousin Itt drove a 3-wheeled car: a Messerschmitt KR175.[12] Although in the series he was shown wearing opera gloves, it is unclear what, if anything, is beneath the hair. In episode 34 of season 1 of the original television series, when Gomez asked Cousin Itt what is underneath all the hair, Cousin Itt replies, "Roots." He was known to speak in a high-pitched nonsensical gibberish that only the family seemed to understand, although in the "My Fair Cousin Itt" episode of the sitcom Morticia and Gomez taught Cousin Itt to speak in an understandable voice. In the second animated series, Itt was a super-spy for the U.S. government. In the movies he fell in love with a human woman, Margaret, and married her after her first husband, Tully the lawyer, is disposed of by the Addams children. He and Margaret (whose child with Tully was missing since the school recital in the first film) go on to have a child in Addams Family Values, named "What" (from the obstetrician's reaction). In Addams Family Values, Cousin Itt performs the wedding of Fester, demonstrating he had some sort of title and legal power that is not explained in the movie.
[edit] Cousin Cackle

Another cousin, named "Cousin Cackle", was depicted as residing in the caves beneath the Addams mansion, often heard laughing in a cackling manner, and appeared in one Halloween episode of the television series to participate in a seance.
[edit] Pets

In the sitcom, references were made to an innumerable collection of bizarre and unconventional creatures such as hawks, bats, and alligators, although there were a handful with some consistency throughout the various media which the characters have subsequently appeared in.

    Kitty Cat is the family lion, and can be seen in several 1960s television episodes roaming around the house. (Though not seen in the 1991 film, Gomez can be heard shouting 'Down, Kitty!' while going to the vault to pay Tully, while a lion's roar can be heard.) The entire family regarded Kitty Cat as they would an average housecat, and seemed flummoxed at the notion that Kitty Cat is in any way dangerous.
    Pugsley had an octopus called Aristotle, and Wednesday a large collection of spiders, with only one she mentions in particular by name, called Homer. The family also had a pair of piranha named Tristan and Isolde, who lived in a fish tank, and a vulture named Zelda (changed to Muerto for the first film).
    Cleopatra is an African Strangler, a man-eating plant (similar to Audrey 2 from Little Shop Of Horrors), belonging to Morticia. The plant eats meatballs made of yak and other tasty meats specially prepared, and (more often than not) spoon-fed to her. In a season 1 episode, "The Addams Family Meets the V.I.P.'s", Gomez stated that Cleopatra is only 3 years old. At another point in the series, however, it's said that Morticia had Cleopatra before she and Gomez married, having grown her from a seedling.
    In the musical, the family had a pet giant squid named Bernice, that, one night, crawled up from the toilet. She lived in the sewers beneath the house, and appeared in the grotto. Only her tentacles were shown.

[edit] The Mansion

The Addams family's mansion had many different incarnations over the years. It made its first appearance (at least, the interior did) at the same time as Morticia and Lurch, in one of Charles Addams's cartoons. The house was depicted as being a dilapidated mansion that had been condemned (and was seemingly haunted, due to the strange creatures at the top of the staircase). Since then, it had become almost a character itself, and served as the main setting for the rest of the cartoons featuring the Addams family. Stories surrounding the mansion (in video games, primarily) are common, and the house's origins and specific nature were explored more deeply in The New Addams Family than any other incarnation.

In the 1960s television series, the house was given an address: 0001 Cemetery Lane. Instead of being a dilapidated house, it was now practically a museum, filled with odd statues, trophies, and other interesting knick-knacks. The house also sported a playroom with medieval racks, nailbeds, iron maidens, and stockades for "relaxing" in.

The house once again became a condemned mansion in the New Scooby-Doo Movies television show, in which the Addamses made a guest appearance. In the subsequent Addams Family 1970s cartoon, the mansion was mounted on a trailer and dragged all over the world with the globetrotting Addams clan.

The two Addams Family movies in 1991 and 1993, along with the second animated television series in 1992, resurrected the mansion's original exterior design from the Charles Addams cartoons. The movie Addams Family Values had the mansion appearing exactly as it did in Charles Addams's drawing of the family, about to dump boiling oil on a group of carollers from the roof (a gag that was acted out in the opening sequence of the previous film).

The New Addams Family provided a cross between the original television show's mansion and the movie/comic strip's mansion. The mansion remained a condemned building (according to Morticia, it had actually been condemned five times), and the interior had various dangerous objects and odd statues, just like the original television show. The entrance gate (nicknamed, appropriately, "Gate" in the original television show and the 1991 film) was now overgrown with foliage. A cemetery was moved next to the house (a change that also occurred in the two feature films and the 1977 reunion special), and there were now various secret rooms and passages. The mailbox and door knockers seemed to be alive. When Gomez and Morticia first moved in as the home's owners (though Gomez and Grandmama had been residents even before then), they thought it was haunted. They regretted that it wasn't, "but you can't have everything". But the existence of the ghost of Aunt Minerva proved otherwise (though she may have "moved in" just recently). It's also mentioned that the home was made of titanium instead of wood (and is consequently bomb-proof), has 26 (or maybe 27) rooms — if Fester has made a new addition with his cannon — and the house has apparently been in the family for centuries. The area surrounding the house can be described briefly as a wasteland, with swamps, a moat, and the like. The address was also changed to 1313 Cemetery Lane in a reference to 1313 Mockingbird Lane, the home of The Munsters.

In the stage musical, the mansion was moved to four acres in Central Park, New York City.
[edit] Houseguests

Guests included Morticia's older sister Ophelia (also played by Carolyn Jones in the original television series), Morticia's cousin Melancholia, and Morticia's mother Hester Frump (played in the 1960s series by Margaret Hamilton, wearing her Miss Almira Gulch dress from the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz)[citation needed]. The Addamses had many other eccentric relatives in the 1960s television series, who are described but never shown — unless they were intended to be represented by any of the bizarre family portraits seen hanging on the walls.
[edit] Neighbors

Most of the Addamses' neighbors were less than understanding of the family's eccentricities. Within the larger community, the Addamses were viewed as eccentric, dangerous, or worse. Both the television show and the movies dealt with outsiders attempting to understand and "correct" the behavior of the family, and remaining frustrated and horrified by the things that the Addamses find amusing. The Addamses, for their part, were just the opposite, and were often shocked and horrified at the actions of conventional society.

The second animated series introduced three new regular characters: the Normanmeyers (Norman, Normina, and N.J.), a family of "normal" people living across the street from the Addamses. While Norman and Normina were constantly appalled and shocked at the Addamses' macabre behavior, their son N.J. counted Wednesday and Pugsley as his best friends. Norman owned and worked at an underwear factory and was utterly obsessed with underwear, decorating the entire Normanmeyer house with an underwear motif, which arguably made him less "normal" than the Addams Family themselves. Norman was played by Rob Paulsen, Normina was voiced by Edie McClurg, and N.J. was performed by Dick Beals.
[edit] The Beineke Family

Not originally created by Charles Addams, the Beineke family was introduced in the 2010 musical, as Wednesday and Lucas plan a dinner for their two families to meet. Coming from Ohio, they were described as "straight arrow Midwesterners."[13]

    Lucas Beineke, Wednesday's boyfriend. He and Wednesday planned to get married.
    Mal Beineke, Lucas's father. He worked for a unnamed demolition/real estate company.
    Alice Beineke, Lucas's mother. She loved to rhyme, and to spout happy poems at random.

[edit] The paranormal nature of the Addams Family

Unlike The Munsters, which explicitly stated its characters' supernatural origins, the exact nature of the Addamses is never established. They all seemed to share a bond with the occult and supernatural. Uncle Fester was often portrayed as something of a mad scientist, and Grandmama as a potion maker,and Morticia states that her study is spells and hexes in the 1991 movie "The Addams Family" but, these activities don't really explain the Addams's seemingly immortal state. Much of the food they live on is inedible or outright deadly to normal humans, and they take an interest in painful activities like walking across minefields or having a sharp pendulum cut them in half.

In the 1960s television series, virtually every member of the family demonstrated some uniquely inhuman trait:

    Morticia was able to light candles with the touch of a fingertip.
    Morticia asked a visitor if they minded if she smoked, then crosses her arms and literally starts "smoking" (emitting curls of smoke from her body).
    Gomez was remarkably athletic, his cigar lights the instant he drew it out of his breast pocket and extinguished when replaced, and he could perform complicated calculations in his head (making a mechanical sound as he did so). He often told time by reading the time from his wristwatch (which ran slow), then his pocket watch (which ran fast) and then calculating the difference between the two.
    Fester generated both electricity and magnetism, and powered a lightbulb in his mouth as a party trick. Also, he could play gramophone records with his finger instead of a needle and his mouth instead of a speaker. In The New Addams Family he could also explode at will without harm. Additionally, he suffered from a severe migraine that can be cured by clamping his head in a vise, and apparently caused no harm upon him. He also liked to recharge in his electric chair.
    Grandmama, in addition to being able to whip up potions of varying effects, could fly on a broom.
    Pugsley was able to hang from tree branches by his teeth, a trait that is only referred to and not seen. He was also depicted as being able to survive any mortal injuries including his sister's attempts to kill him. He was also a bit more normal (personality-wise) than the rest of the Addams clan.
    Six-year-old Wednesday was strong enough to bring her father down with a judo hold, and able to survive any mortal injuries inflicted upon her by Pugsley.
    Lurch, a Frankenstein's Monster look-alike, had superhuman strength.
    Thing, who was only seen as a hand reaching out of various boxes around the mansion, could apparently travel from box to box almost instantaneously.

None of these traits were considered unusual by any others in the family, but treated simply as individual talents that anyone might possess. All took pleasure in enduring such experiences as lying on a bed of nails, being stretched on a rack, and so forth.

Occasionally, the 1960s series featured guest characters who shared the Addams's tastes, which—along with the fact that the family obviously purchased its yak meat, explosives, etc., from somewhere—implied an entire subculture of people who shared the family's tastes (as seen in several Charles Addams cartoons). In contrast, the Addamses themselves considered such things as daisies, chocolate fudge, the Boy Scouts, and other such traditionally "wholesome" things—as well as any distaste for such things as swamps, octopuses, and hanging upside down from the ceiling—to be odd, if not outright disturbing. Fester once cited a neighbouring family's meticulous petunia patches as evidence that they were "nothing but riff-raff".
[edit] Adaptations
[edit] Television series
[edit] The Addams Family (1964–1966)
Main article: The Addams Family (TV series)

In 1964, the ABC-TV network created The Addams Family television series based on Addams's cartoon characters. The series was shot in black-and-white and aired for two seasons in 64 half-hour episodes (September 18, 1964 – September 2, 1966). During the original television run of The Addams Family television series, The New Yorker editor William Shawn refused to publish any Addams Family cartoons, though he continued to publish other Charles Addams cartoons. Shawn regarded his magazine as targeting a more refined readership, and did not want it associated with characters who could be seen on television by just anybody. After Shawn's 1987 retirement, the characters were welcomed back to The New Yorker.

The television series featured a memorable theme song, written and arranged by longtime Hollywood composer Vic Mizzy. The song's arrangement was dominated by a harpsichord, and featured finger-snaps as percussive accompaniment. Actor Ted Cassidy, in his "Lurch" voice, punctuated the lyrics with words like "neat", "sweet", and "petite". Mizzy's theme was popular enough to enjoy a release as a 45rpm Single, though it failed to make the national charts. The song was briefly revived in 2007 for a series of "Addams Family" television commercials for M&M's candies.
[edit] The New Scooby-Doo Movies (1972)

The Addams Family's first animated appearance was on the third episode of Hanna-Barbera's The New Scooby-Doo Movies, "Scooby-Doo Meets the Addams Family" (a.k.a. "Wednesday is Missing"), which first aired on CBS Saturday morning September 23, 1972. Four of the original cast (John Astin, Carolyn Jones, Jackie Coogan, and Ted Cassidy) returned for the special which involved the Addamses in a mystery with the Scooby-Doo gang. The Addams Family characters were drawn to the specifications of the original Charles Addams cartoons. After the episode aired, fans wanted more animated adventures featuring the Addamses, and Hanna-Barbera obliged.
[edit] The Addams Family Fun-House (1973)

In late 1972, ABC produced a pilot for a musical variety show titled The Addams Family Fun-House. The cast included Jack Riley and Liz Torres as Gomez and Morticia (the pair also co-wrote the special), Stubby Kaye as Uncle Fester, Pat McCormick as Lurch and Butch Patrick (who, ironically, had played Eddie Munster in The Munsters) as Pugsley. The pilot aired in 1973, but was not picked up for a series.[14]
[edit] The Addams Family (1973–1975)
Main article: The Addams Family (1973 animated series)

The first animated series ran on Saturday mornings from 1973–1975 on NBC. In a departure from the original series, this series took the Addamses on the road in a Victorian-style RV. This series also marked the point where the relations between characters were retconned so that Fester was now Gomez's brother, and Grandmama was now Morticia's mother (though the old relations would be revisited in the 1977 television movie, to keep continuity with the original sitcom). Although Coogan and Cassidy reprised their roles, Astin and Jones did not, their parts being recast with Hanna-Barbera voice talents Lennie Weinrib as Gomez and Janet Waldo as Morticia, while an eight-year-old Jodie Foster provided the voice of Pugsley. Again, the characters were drawn to the specifications of the original Charles Addams cartoons. One season was produced, and the second season consisted of reruns. A complementary comic book series was produced in connection with the show, but it lasted only three issues. The show's theme music was completely different and had no lyrics and no finger snaps, although it retained a bit of the four-note score from the live-action show.
[edit] The Addams Family: The Animated Series (1992–1993)
Main article: The Addams Family (1992 animated series)

The remake series ran on Saturday mornings from 1992–1993 on ABC after producers realized the success of the 1991 Addams Family movie. This series returned to the familiar format of the original series, with the Addams Family facing their sitcom situations at home. John Astin returned to the role of Gomez, and celebrities Rip Taylor and Carol Channing took over the roles of Fester and Grandmama, respectively, while veteran voice actors Jim Cummings, Debi Derryberry, Jeannie Elias and Pat Fraley did the voices of Lurch, Wednesday, Pugsley and Cousin Itt. New artistic models of the characters were used for this series, though still having a passing resemblance to the original cartoons. Two seasons were produced, with the third year containing reruns. Oddly in this series, Wednesday maintained her macabre, brooding attitude from the Addams Family movies, but her facial expressions and body language conveyed the happy-go-lucky, fun attitude of her portrayal in the original television show. The original Vic Mizzy theme song, although slightly different, was used for the opening.
[edit] The New Addams Family (1998–1999)
Main article: The New Addams Family

The New Addams Family was filmed in Vancouver, Canada, and ran for 65 episodes during the 1998–1999 season on the then newly-launched Fox Family Channel. Many storylines from the original series were reworked for this new series, incorporating more modern elements and jokes. John Astin returned to the franchise in some episodes of this series, albeit as "Grandpapa" Addams (Gomez's grandfather, a character introduced in Addams Family Reunion). Pubert's absence in the new series (and possibly Addams Family Reunion) was explained in an early episode when Wednesday mentioned that "There were three of us, but Pugsley ate the little one." The cast included Glenn Taranto as Gomez Addams, Ellie Harvie as Morticia, Michael Roberds as Fester, Brody Smith as Pugsley, Nicole Fugere (the only cast member from Addams Family Reunion to return) as Wednesday, John DeSantis as Lurch, Betty Phillips as Grandmama and Steven Fox as Thing.
[edit] Films
[edit] Halloween with the New Addams Family (1977)
Main article: Halloween with the New Addams Family

A television reunion movie, Halloween with the New Addams Family, aired on NBC Sunday, October 30, 1977. It featured most of the original cast, except Blossom Rock, who had played Grandmama but was very ill at the time; she was replaced by Jane Rose. Gomez's brother, Pancho, was staying with the Family while Gomez attended a lodge meeting in Tombstone, Arizona. Gomez was jealous of his brother, who once courted Morticia. Halloween is nigh, and Pancho told the legend of Cousin Shy, who distributed gifts and carved pumpkins (similar to the Great Pumpkin). Actually, Gomez has been lured away by crooks, who have bugged the house in order to steal the Family fortune. Lafferty, the boss, sends Mikey to investigate. Wednesday (now called "Wednesday Senior") was home from music academy, where she was studying the piccolo (breaking glass with it). Pugsley (now "Pugsley Senior") is home from Nairobi medical school, where he was training to be a witch doctor. Gomez and Morticia meanwhile have had a new set of kids, Wednesday Jr and Pugsley Jr, who closely resembled the original kids. Mikey panicked and fled after treading on Kitty Cat's tail. The crooks employ a fake Gomez and Morticia to help in their plans, along with two strong-arm goons, Hercules and Atlas. Gomez returned home for the Halloween party and trimming of the scarecrow. The movie had a slightly different version of the theme song. The finger snaps were used, but not the lyrics.

Lafferty posed as Quincy Addams (from Boston) to get in. He had his men tie up Gomez and Morticia and his doubles took their places, confusing Pancho, who's still got the hots for Morticia. Lurch scared off the thugs and terrified the assistant crook. Fester, trying to be nice, put Lafferty on the rack. Lafferty tried to escape through the secret passage and stepped on Kitty Cat's tail. When the police arrive, the survivors surrender. The Addamses are then free to celebrate Halloween happily.
[edit] The Addams Family (1991)
Main article: The Addams Family (film)

In the 1990s, Orion Pictures (which by then had inherited the rights to the series) developed a film version, The Addams Family (released on November 22, 1991). Due to the studio's financial troubles at the time, Orion sold the US rights to the film to Paramount Pictures.
[edit] Addams Family Values (1993)
Main article: Addams Family Values

Upon the last film's success, a sequel followed: Addams Family Values (released on November 19, 1993, with worldwide distribution by Paramount). Loosened content restrictions allowed the films to use far more grotesque humor that strove to keep the original spirit of the Addams cartoons (in fact, several gags were lifted straight from the single panel cartoons). The two movies used the same cast, except for Grandmama, played by Judith Malina in the first film and Carol Kane in the second. A script for a third film was prepared in 1994, but was abandoned after the sudden death of actor Raúl Juliá.
[edit] Addams Family Reunion (1998)
Main article: Addams Family Reunion

Another film, Addams Family Reunion, was released direct-to-video on September 22, 1998, this time by Warner Bros. through its video division. It has no relation to the Paramount movies, being in fact a full-length pilot for a second live-action television version, The New Addams Family, produced and shot in Canada. The third movie's Gomez, played by Tim Curry, follows the style of Raúl Juliá, while the new sitcom's Gomez, played by Glenn Taranto, is played in the style of John Astin, who had played the character in the 1960s. The only actors in this Warner Brothers' production to have played in the previous Paramount films were Carel Struycken as Lurch and Christopher Hart as Thing.
[edit] Upcoming film

In 2010 it was announced that Illumination Entertainment, in partnership with Universal Pictures acquired the underlying rights to the Addams Family drawings.[15] They will be producing a stop-motion animated film based on Charles Addams' original drawings. Tim Burton is set to co-write and co-produce the film, with a possibility to direct.[16]
[edit] Spin-offs

Two animated television spin-offs have been produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions.

    Mr. & Mrs. J. Evil Scientist, a family of fictional characters inspired by The Addams Family appeared on the Snagglepuss and Snooper and Blabber animated television series beginning in 1959 and starred in their own comic book.
    During the first season of the 1960s The Addams Family television show, a Stone Age version of the Addams Family called The Gruesomes moved next door to The Flintstones.

[edit] Video games
Main article: The Addams Family (video game series)

Five video games released from 1989 to 1994 were based on The Addams Family.

    Fester's Quest (1989) was a top-down shooter that featured Uncle Fester saving the world from an alien invasion.
    In 1992, two versions of The Addams Family were released by Ocean Software based on the 1991 Movie; an 8-Bit version for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, Sega Master System, Sega Game Gear, ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, as well as a 16-Bit version released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Amiga, Atari ST and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. ICOM Simulations published The Addams Family video game for the TurboGrafx-CD in 1991.
    The games' sequel, The Addams Family: Pugsley's Scavenger Hunt (1993), also by Ocean Software, was based on the ABC animated series and was released for NES, SNES and Game Boy (although the later two were just 8-bit remakes of the first SNES game, swapping Pugsley and Gomez's roles).
    Addams Family Values (1994) by Ocean was based on the movie's sequel and returned to the style of gameplay seen in Fester's Quest.
    A Game Boy Color game was released in the 1990s for promotion of The New Addams Family. The game was simply titled The New Addams Family Series. In this game, the Addams mansion had been bought by a fictional company called "Funnyday" that wanted to tear down the house and surrounding grounds to make room for an amusement park.

[edit] Pinball
Further information: The Addams Family (pinball)

A pinball game by Midway (under the Bally label) was released in 1992 shortly after the movie. It is the best-selling pinball game of all time.[17]
[edit] Books
[edit] The Addams Family: An Evilution
Further information: The Addams Family: An Evilution

The Addams Family: An Evilution is a book about the "evilution" of The Addams Family characters, with more than 200 published and previously unpublished cartoons, and includes text by Charles Addams and H.Kevin Miserocchi, Director of the Tee and Charles Addams Foundation.
[edit] Advertising

In 1994, the actors cast as the Addamses in the first two films (sans the recently-deceased Raúl Juliá) were in several Japanese television spots for the Honda Odyssey.[18] The Addamses—most prominently Gomez (for whom a voice actor was used to impersonate Juliá while footage from Addams Family Values was seen) and Morticia—are seen speaking Japanese.[19]

In 2007 and 2008, the Addams Family appeared as M&Ms in an advertising campaign for M&Ms Dark Chocolate.[20]
[edit] Musicals
[edit] The Addams Family (2010)
Main article: The Addams Family (musical)

In May 2007, it was announced that a musical inspired by The Addams Family drawings by Charles Addams was being developed for the Broadway stage. Broadway veterans Marshall Brickman and Rick Elice wrote the book, and Andrew Lippa wrote the score. Julian Crouch and Phelim McDermott (Improbable Theater founders) directed and designed the production, with choreography by Sergio Trujillo.[21] A workshop and private industry presentation was held August 4–8, 2008. Featured in the cast were Bebe Neuwirth as Morticia, Annaleigh Ashford as Wednesday, and Nathan Lane as Gomez. In addition, Kevin Chamberlin played Uncle Fester and Zachary James played Lurch.

The musical opened in previews at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre on Broadway on March 8, 2010, with an official opening on April 8,[22] after an out-of-town tryout in Chicago at the Ford Center for the Performing Arts from November 13, 2009 to January 10, 2010.[23][24] The cast includes Lane as Gomez, Neuwirth as Morticia, Terrence Mann as Mal Beineke, Carolee Carmello as Alice Beineke, Chamberlin as Uncle Fester, Jackie Hoffman as Grandma, Zachary James as Lurch, Krysta Rodriguez as Wednesday, and Wesley Taylor as Wednesday's love interest, Lucas Beineke.[25]

مؤشر السمنه يعتمد على طول ووزن الشخص

2012-01-12T05:18:00.000-08:00

مؤشر السمنه يعتمد على طول ووزن الشخص ، ويعطى فكره مبدئيه عن جسم الانسان هل هو طبيعى أم يميل للنحافه أم السمنه .

لاحظ أن مؤشر السمنة لا يأخذ فى الحسبان السن ,أو الجنس أو كميه العضلات بالجسم

ولا يميز بين كميه العضلات أو الدهون فى الجسم ونتيجة لذلك فإن بعض الناس الذين يمارسون الألعاب الرياضية يكون لديهم مؤشر سمنة عالى بالرغم من عدم احتواء الجسم على نسبة دهون عالية بل عضلات

يجب أن تأخذ فى الحسبان عوامل أخرى ، بجانب مؤشر السمنه مثل نسبه محيط الوسط للارداف

و كذلك وجود أمراض أخرى مثل ارتفاع ضغط الدم ، او السكر ، نسبه الكوليسترول بالدم و نوعه ، و التدخين.

لاحظ أن النحافه أو نقص الوزن عن المعدل الطبيعى ربما يسبب ضعف فى جهاز المناعة ويعرض الإنسان لمرض شديد الخطورة ألا وهو هشاشة العظام

لاحظ أن السمنه مرتبطه ارتباط وثيق بارتفاع ضغط الدم و أمراض القلب والجلطة الدماغيه و مرض السكر

يرى الكثيرون أن محيط الوسط او نسبه محيط الوسط الى الارداف أهم من مؤشر السمنه

أسباب السمنه: :
* التغذيه الخاطئه ، و ذلك باستهلاك اطعمه أو مشروبات ذات سعرات حراريه أكثر مما يحتاجه الجسم
* الخمول و عدم النشاط أو ممارسه الرياضه
* بعض الامراض مثل نقص افراز هرمون الغده الدرقيه أو زياده افراز هرمون الكورتيزول
* بعض الآدويه مثل الكورتيزون و مضادات الاكتئا
ب * الاستعداد العائلى و الوراثى ، فالشخص الذى يعانى والديه من السمنه ، أكثر عرضه للاصابه بالسمنه ثلاثه أضعاف شخص ابويه لا يعانوا من السمن

- كيف تتخلص من السمنه: :

* انقاص السعرات الحراريه اليوميه النشاط و ممارسه الرياضه لحرق دهون بالجسم * استهلاك سعرات حراريه أقل * فمثلا انقاص السعرات الحراريه المستهلكه يوميا بمقدار 500 سعر حرارى أو ممارسه رياضه لحرق 500 سعر حرارى يوميا ، تؤدى الى انقاص الوزن بمقدار2.25 كيلو جرام فى الاسبوع تقريبا
* الادويه و العمليات الجراحيه لانقاص الوزن و علاج السمنه ، يجب مناقشتها مع طبيبك الخاص

فوائد علاج السمنه:
: انقاص وزنك بمقدار 5-10 % من وزنك الحالى و المحافظه على الوزن تؤدى الى :
* انخفاض ضغط الدم المرتفع
* انخفاض مستوى الكوليسترول الكلى ( السئ) بالدم
* تقليل احتمال الاصابه بمرض السكر – النوع الثانى
* انخفاض احتمال الاصابه بالسكته الدماغيه
* انخفاض احتمال الاصابه بأمراض القلب
* و كذلك تقليل مضاعفات الاصابه بأمراض القلب
* انخفاض نسبه الوفاه بوجه عام.

الزنجبيل يقبع في قائمه المواد المساعده و الحارقه للدهون

2012-01-12T05:17:00.000-08:00

لقد اكدت اغلب الابحاث التى اجريت أن الزنجبيل يقبع في قائمه المواد المساعده و الحارقه للدهون ، كما تشير اخصائيه التغذيه والصحة امل الانصاري الى ان الزنجبيل هو من أهم المواد التي تساعد وبجدارة على حرق الدهون المتكونه في الجسم البشري عند تناوله خاصة بعد الوجبه مباشرة.

يفضل مزج مادة الزنجبيل مع القرفه لتعطي نتائج افضل عند حرق الدهون بشكل افضل بعد الوجبات ..بالاضافة انه يمكن خلط ومزج الزنجبيل بتنقيع أعواد القرفه في الزنجبيل او عند مزج كميه صغيرة من مسحوق القرفه مع محلول الزنجبيل الطازج .. و مع الاستمرار باخذ هذا المشروب الممزوج يمكن شبه ضمان حرق الدهون بسهوله مباشرة بعد الاكل .لذا مع مرور الوقت سوف يتم حرق الدهون التي يكون مخزنة في اجسمنا ، وبالتالي يبدأ الجسم تدريجيا في خسارة الوزن بشكل طبيعي بدون مضاعفات تذكر.

طريقة شراب الزنجبيل بالقرفة:

المقادير:

- ملعقة زنجبيل مطحون.
– 2 ملعقة قرفة مطحونة.
– عسل ابيض للتحلية.
– شرائح ليمون.

تذاب القرفة في كوب من الماء وتوضع على النار حتى تغلي يضاف إليها الزنجبيل ويستمر في التقليب ويرفع من على النار
ويصب في فنجان ويحلى بالعسل وتضاف إليه بعض شرائح الليمون .

أكبر شفتين في العالم

2012-01-12T05:16:00.001-08:00

تمكنت روسية من الفوز بلقب صاحبة أكبر شفتين في العالم، بعد أن نفختهما بأكثر من 100 حقنة سليكون، لتشبه شخصيتها الكرتونية المفضلة جاسيكا رابيت. وقالت الفتاة كريستينا راي (22 عامًا)، إنها كانت مقتنعة بأن شفتيها الرفيعتين جدًّا تجعلانها قبيحة، لذلك قررت أن تنفخهما حتى تبدو مثل جاسيكا رابيت، وهو ما كلفها نحو 4 آلاف جنيه إسترليني.

وتعترف الفتاة -وهي من سان بطرسبرج بروسيا- بأنها تعاني من إدمان لعمليات تجميل شفتيها بالنفخ، رغم أن الحقنة الواحدة تكلفها 40 جنيهًا إسترلينيًّا، فضلاً عن الألم الشديد الذي ينتج منها.

وتؤكد أنه لن يمنعها شيء من تكبير شفتيها. وعن حالها الجديدة بعد عمليات التجميل، قالت: شفتاي تبدوان رائعتين وتجعلاني سعيدة رغم أنه في بعض الأحيان يصرخ البعض في الشارع في وجهي قائلاً: يا ذات الشفتين الكبيرتين، لكني لا أبالي، وذلك نقلا عن صحيفة ديلي ميل البريطانية.

وتؤكد الفتاة أنها لن تتراجع عن هدفها لكي تبدو شفتاها مثل شفتَي الفتاة الكرتونية الشهيرة جاسيكا رابيت. وأضافت: "كانت شفتاي صغيرتين جدًّا عندما كنت أقارنها بمن حولي. وعندما كنت في الرابعة من عمري قررت أنه عندما أكبر سأكبِّرهما. ولفتت كريستينا راي إلى جمال شفتَي شقيقتها. وقالت: شقيقتي الكبرى أيرا تتمتع بشفتين كبيرتين وجميلتين، لذلك لما رأيت شفتَي رابيت اعتبرتها رمزًا للفتاة المثالية.

وأكدت الفتاة الروسية أنها وهي صغيرة كانت تشاهد الإعلانات عن التجميل بالسليكون والبوتكس في التلفزيون التي كانت تغمر القنوات ليلاً ونهارًا. وتابعت كريستينا قائلةً إنها في المدرسة كان زملاؤها يطلقون عليها لقب قبيحة بسبب شفتيها الرفيعتين، لهذا كانت مقتنعة بأنها إذا نفختهما ستصبح جميلة.

وعندما وصلت إلى عامها الـ17 ذهبت كريستينا إلى عيادة تجميل وحقنت شفتيها وأخذت أول حقنة، وكانت مؤلمة للغاية، على حد تعبيرها. واعتبرت كريستينا أن شفتيها الكبيرتين ساعدتاها على تعزيز ثقتها بنفسها، وجعلتاها سعيدة، فضلاً عن أن والديها سعيدان بها بغض النظر عن هيئتها.

اسمرار المنطقة ما بين الفخذين

2012-01-12T05:15:00.001-08:00

عاني الكثير من الفتيات والشباب من مشكلة اسمرار المنطقة ما بين الفخدين، اذ يرجع السبب الرئيسي وراء ذلك الى لزيادة الوزن، فلعلاج هذا الإسمرار يجب في البداية إنقاص الوزن الزائد مع ارتداء ملابس داخلية قطنية في شكل شورت وذلك لمنع الإحتكاك ما بين الفخدين.

الأسباب الأخرى التي تؤدي إلى اسمرار المنطقة ما بين الفخذين:
- تؤدي الملابس الضيقة إلى نوع من الاحتكاك والذي ينتج عنه التهابات ثم اسمرار.

- يسبب التعرق في الملابس وعدم تغييرها إلى اسمرار ما بين الفخذين.

- ارتداء ملابس نايلون او ملابس داخلية ضيقة قد يؤدي إلى الإسمرار.

طرق التخلص من اسمرار المنطقة ما بين الفخذين:

- النظافة الشخصية هي أولى خطوات علاج اسمرار المنطقة ما بين الفخذين، كما يجب الانتظام في استعمال صنفرة للجسم كله وذلك للتخلص من خلايا الجلد الميتة.

- إذا كنتِ تعانين من هذه المشكلة منذ لمدة طويلة فاستشيري الطبيب المتخصص لوصف كريمات مبيضة ومقشرة، ابتعدي تماماً عن استخدام العلاج بدون إشراف طبيب لأنها قد تزيد من المشكلة، كما يجب العلم أن حالتك قد تأخذ وقت طويلاً (2- 3 أشهر) لظهور أي تحسن عليها لذا فعليك ان تصبري وتعملي ما يطلبه منك الطبيب للحصول على افضل النتائج.

المصدر: موقع المرأة والأسرة

معلومات وحقائق مذهلة

2012-01-12T05:13:00.002-08:00

اللحية هى أكثر مكان ينمو فيه الشعر بسرعه

أقصى طول للشعر من 70 إلى 90 سم

النمو السنوى للشعر 12سم

شعر المرأة ينمو أكثر بطئا من شعر الرجل

شعر الرجل يكون أكثر كثافة من شعر المرأة

فترة حياة الشعر من 2 إلى 7 سنوات

قطر الشعر 0.1 مم

الرطوبة تطيل (تفرد) الشعر

تمشيط الشعر بالمشط يكون أقل ضرر من الفرشاة

استعمال الشامبو الصحيح لا يجعل الشعر جاف

تكرار الغسيل لا يؤدى إلى سقوط الشعر

نمو الشعر أسرع فى الطقس الدافئ

الأشخاص المسنين يطول شعرهم بسرعة بطيئة وعندهم نقص فى كثافة الشعر

قص الشعر لا يؤثر على نموه

تقصف الأطراف لايمكن علاجه ويجب قصه

يجب عدم تدليك الشعر المبلل لأن الشعر حساس

الشعر ثانى أسرع نسيج ينمو فى الجسم ، بعد نخاع العظام

فروة الرأس تحتوى فى المتوسط 100,000 شعرة ، يكون لدى الأشخاص ذوات الشعر الأحمرأقل من 80000 شعرة ، وذوات الشعر البنى والأسود يكون لديهم 100000شعرة ، والشقراوات 120000 شعرة

90% من شعر فروة الرأس ينمو ، بينما 10% فى حالة عدم نمو

من العادى أن يتقصف 100 شعرة كل يوم من فروة الرأس

يجب أن يتقصف أكثر من 50% من فروة رأسك قبل أن يظهر ذلك إلى أى شخص

العديد من الأدويه تتسبب فى سقوط الشعر

عدم توازن الغدة الدرقية ونقص الحديد يسببان سقوط الشعر

فى المتوسط يقضى الرجل 5 شهور من حياته فى الحلاقه

فى المتوسط عمر الشعرة يكون خمس سنوات ونصف

فى المتوسط سوف يحلق الرجل الطبيعى 20,000 مرة

عدد خصلات الشعر الموجودة فى البشر هى نفس عدد الشعر الموجودة فى الغوريلا

النظام الغذائى السيئ للأنسان يؤدى إلى سرعة سقوط الشعر

يزن رأس الإنسان حوالى 17 كيلو

السبب فى أن يتحول الشعر إلى اللون الرمادى مع تقدم العمر هو أن صبغة خلايا الشعر بدأت تموت وهى التى تكون مسؤله عن إنتاج صبغة الميلانين التى تعطى لون الشعر

أطول لحية كانت عند الأنسان سجلت طول 17.5 قدم كانت لشخص يدعى هانزن لانجسيت الذى ولد فى النرويج سنة 1846 م

Information and amazing facts

2012-01-12T05:13:00.001-08:00

The beard is more than a place where hair grows quickly

    The maximum length of hair from 70 to 90 cm

    The annual growth of hair 12 cm

    Woman's hair grows more slowly from the hair of a man

    Man's hair is more dense than the woman's hair

    The life of the hair from 2 to 7 years

    Hair diameter of 0.1 mm

    Humidity prolong (uniqueness) hair

    Comb hair comb is less damage of the brush

    Use the correct shampoo does not make the hair dry

    Repeated washing does not lead to hair loss

    Hair growth faster in warm weather

    Older people their hair long and slow speeds are lacking in hair density

    Cut the hair does not affect the growth

    Bombing the parties can not be cured and must be cut

    Massage should not be wet hair because the hair is sensitive

    Hair's second fastest growing tissue in the body, after bone marrow

    Scalp contains 100,000 hairs on average, the women with hair in people Alahmroql of 80,000 hair, and women with brown hair black and they have 100,000 hairs, and blond hair 120000

    90% of scalp hair to grow, while 10% in the absence of growth

    Of the ordinary that Atqcef 100 hairs every day of the scalp

    Atqcef must be more than 50% of your scalp before showing it to anyone

    Many drugs cause hair loss

    The lack of balance thyroid and iron deficiency cause hair loss

    Men spend an average of 5 months of his life in shaving

    An average age of the hair have been five and a half years

    Average man will shave 20,000 times normal

    The number of locks of hair in humans is the same number of hairs found in gorillas

    Bad diet to humans leads to rapid hair loss

    The human head weighs about 17 kg

    Why hair turns gray with age, is to dye hair cells began to die, the one that is responsible for the production of melanin pigment that gives hair color

    Longer to live in humans were recorded along the 17.5 feet of the person alleged to Angesat Hansen who was born in Norway in 1846 AD

Worst Brain Damaging Habits

2012-01-12T05:11:00.002-08:00

1) not eating breakfastIt has been noticed that people who do not take breakfast are going to lower blood sugar they have. This leads to the lack of access to adequate food for the brain causing brain degeneration.2) over-eating.Overeating It causes hardening of the arteries of the brain, leading to a decrease in mental power.3) smokingSmoking causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer's disease.4) Too much sugarToo much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and the brain may interfere with brain development.5) air pollutionThe brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, which reduces the efficiency of the brain.
6) insomnia (lack of sleep)Sleep allows our brain to rest. The large number of sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells.7) the head covered during sleepSleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to negative effects on the brain.8) Working your brain during illnessWorking hard or studying with sickness may reduce the effectiveness of the brain as well as lead to negative effects on it.9) lack of stimulating the brain to thinkThinking is the best way to train the brain. Lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause shrinkage or damage to brain cells.10) the scarcity of talking with othersIntellectual dialogue with others helps to promote the efficiency of the brain

أسوء عشر عادات تدمر الدماغ

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1) عدم تناول وجبة الإفطار
حيث لوحظ أن الناس الذين لا يتناولون وجبة الإفطار سوف ينخفض معدل سكر الدم لديهم. وهذا يقود إلى عدم وصول غذاء كاف لخلايا المخ مما يؤدي إلى انحلالها.
2) الإفراط في تناول الأكل.
الأكل الزائد يسبب تصلب شرايين الدماغ , مما يؤدي إلى نقص في القوة الذهنية .
3) التدخين
يسبب التدخين انكماش خلايا المخ وربما يؤدي إلى مرض الزهايمر.
4) كثرة تناول السكريات
كثرة تناول السكريات يعوق امتصاص الدماغ للبروتينات والغذاء، مما يسبب سوء تغذية الدماغ وربما يتعارض مع نمو المخ.
5) تلوث الهواء
الدماغ هو اكبر مستهلك للأكسجين في أجسامنا. استنشاق هواء ملوث يقلل دعم الدماغ بالأكسجين مما يقلل كفاءة الدماغ.

6) الأرق ( قلة النوم)
النوم يساعد الدماغ على الراحة . كثرة الأرق تزيد سرعة موت خلايا الدماغ.
7) تغطية الرأس أثناء النوم
النوم مع تغطية الرأس يزيد تركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون ويقلل تركيز الأكسجين مما يؤدي إلى تأثيرات سلبية على الدماغ.
8) القيام بأعمال أثناء المرض
العمل الشاق أو الدراسة أثناء المرض تقلل من فعالية الدماغ كما أنها تؤدي إلى تأثيرات سلبية عليه.
9) قلة تحفيز الدماغ على التفكير
التفكير هو أفضل طريقة لتمرين الدماغ . قلة تحفيز الدماغ على التفكير تؤدي إلى تقلص أو تلف خلايا الدماغ.
10) ندرة الحديث مع الآخرين
الحوار الفكري مع الآخرين يساعد على ترقية فعالية الدماغ.

Range of foods, herbs and tips that strengthens human memory

2012-01-12T05:09:00.001-08:00

What God revealed to disease, but revealed his healing, and His Messenger, peace be upon him, Bukhari (10/134) and others.God has made Him in many things what cures the disease.There are a range of foods, herbs and tips that strengthens human memory, and help him on the conservation and installation of science, if the conservation of those who suffer, and wants to facilitate it.We will mention them known publicly available for people to get it, provided for in their hands in the markets and shops Perfumery, include the following:

1 - honey:Which is first and foremost, a cure for all diseases, including forgetfulness, as he says (which is healing for the people) Al-bees.He said peace be upon him:"Healing is in three things: drinking honey, and the cupper, and cauterizing with fire, and I finished all my ironing"Bukhari narrated in Medicine (10/136).It is advisable to drink honey on an empty stomach, with water and Ptdhuiba hour after eating.2 - Ginger:Is taken to strengthen the memory, and to save and not to forget.Taken from the powdered ginger as much as 55 grams, and chewing gum (Alkndr) 50 grams, and black bean 50 grams, mixed together and kneaded in a kilo of honey, one teaspoon of it is taken on an empty stomach daily.

Ginger

3 - sage Sage:Sage aromatic Muammar herbal plant known.Sage and strengthen weak memory, and return in a short time.Some researchers have confirmed:Be discarded down the enzyme responsible for breaking "Astyayl Colin brain," which causes Alzheimer's disease.

Herb sageHerb sage

4 - Raisins:In medicine the Prophet by Ibn Qim al:Finest raisins are large size paper shell and disarm his lack of knowledge (sown). And the benefit to preserve and strengthen memory.And manner as stated: to eat every day in the morning of the twenty forehead clean.It Benefits:It heals the lung, and benefit from cough, pain and kidney and bladder, and strengthens the stomach, abdomen and unrelenting.A wholesale strengthens the stomach, liver, spleen, and is useful for pains in the throat, chest and lung.

RaisinsRaisins

5 - White pepper:White pepper is placed with food as a "condiment" active memory.

White pepperWhite pepper

6 - pollen:Pollen was used successfully in the treatment of neurological disorders, including: memory disorders, and nervous tension, fatigue, extreme fatigue, and nervousness.

PollenPollen

7 - "scholars" cinnamon:Which is beneficial to forget, a memory booster. And helps the local hot drink with cinnamon honey also:To resist the painful contractions of various types, such as stomach cramps, or muscle cramps, or pain of menstruation and childbirth.

CinnamonCinnamon "scholars"

8 - chewing gum or bitter (Alkndr):A material that helps conservation, and the evacuation of the mind and go frequently forgotten, as mentioned by Imam Ibn al-Qayyim and others.And the way in taking him to fill a spoon and placed in a glass of water, and leave for three hours and then drink a rate of one cup, once a day.Frankincense is also used:In the digestion of food and the expulsion of gases and strengthens the stomach vulnerable, and good for fever and against coughing, cuts and bleeding from any site was, and dried Rtobat chest.

BanBan's "Kinder"

9 - herb ginseng:Served on herb ginseng to improve memory and increase concentration. Had to increase the mental and physical activity.

Herb GansingHerb Gansing

9 - nuts, "walnuts":Described treatment of memory impairment complained of by the children during the study period and tests, it is recommended more frequent intake of walnuts, as well as pine and raisins.

WalnutNuts, "walnuts"

10 - Ban drinking boiled male and ginger and black bean (Nigella sativa), understanding and love of the named (cashew), and chicory upon waking from sleep, before eating anything else, sweeten with honey bees, which make it God's healing for people.11 - Yeast: the presence of (vitamin B complex) it. And take Kmlakh dissolved in a large glass of water.12 - a lot of eating fresh fruits and vegetables, which are very important for human health in general, as well as the multiplication of seafood, and trying to diversify in the eating, as much as possible and stay away from prepared foods and canned.

مجموعة من الأطعمة والأعشاب والنصائح التي تقوي ذاكرة الإنسان

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ما أنزل الله تعالى داء ، إلا أنزل له شفاء، كما قال رسوله عليه الصلاة والسلام ، رواه البخاري (10/134) وغيره .
وقد جعل الله سبحانه في أشياء كثيرة ما يداوي هذا الداء .
فهناك مجموعة من الأطعمة والأعشاب والنصائح التي تقوي ذاكرة الإنسان، وتعينه على الحفظ وتثبيت العلم ، إذا كان ممن يعاني الحفظ ، ويريد تيسيره عليه .
وسنذكر منها المشهور المتيسر للناس الحصول عليه، لتوفره بين أيديهم في الأسواق ومحلات العطارة ، فمنها :

1- العسل :
وهو أولها وأهمها ، وهو شفاء لكل الأمراض ومنها النسيان، كما قال تعالى ( فيه شفاء للناس ) سورة النحل.
وقال عليه الصلاة والسلام :
"الشفاء في ثلاث : شربة عسل ، وشرطة محجم ، وكية بنار ، وأنا أنهى أمتي عن الكي "
أخرجه البخاري في الطب (10/136) .
وينصح بشرب العسل على الريق، بتذويبه بالماء والأكل بعده بساعة .
2- الزنجبيل :
فيؤخذ لتقوية الذاكرة ، وللحفظ وعدم النسيان .
يؤخذ من الزنجبيل المطحون قدر 55 جرام ، ومن اللبان (الكندر) 50 جرام ، ومن الحبة السوداء 50 جرام ، تخلط معا وتعجن في كيلو عسل ، وتؤخذ منه ملعقة صغيرة على الريق يوميا.

زنجبيل

3- المرمية Sage :
المرمية نبات عشبي معمر عطري معروف .
والمرمية تقوي الذاكرة الضعيفة ، وتعيدها في وقت قصير .
وقد أكد بعض الباحثين :
أن المرمية تهبط الأنزيم المسئول عن تحطيم "استيايل كولين الدماغ " والذي يسبب مرض الزهايمر.

عشبة المرمية

4- الزبيب:
ففي الطب النبوي لابن قيم الجوزية:
أجود الزبيب ما كبر حجمه ورق قشره ونزع عجمه ( بذره) . وفيه نفع للحفظ وتقوية الذاكرة .
وطريقته فيما ذكروا : أن يأكل كل يوم في الصباح إحدى وعشرين زبيبة نظيفة.
ومن فوائده:
أنه يداوي الرئة ، وينفع من السعال، ووجع الكلي والمثانة، ويقوي المعدة، ويلين البطن .
وهو بالجملة يقوي المعدة والكبد والطحال ، ونافع من وجع الحلق والصدر والرئة .

زبيب

5- الفلفل الأبيض :
الفلفل الأبيض يوضع مع الطعام كـ" بهار " ينشط الذاكرة .

فلفل ابيض

6 - حبوب اللقاح :
استخدمت حبوب اللقاح بنجاح تام في علاج الاضطرابات العصبية ، ومنها : اضطرابات الذاكرة ، والتوتر العصبي ، والإرهاق والتعب الشديد ، والعصبية .

حبوب اللقاح

7 - " الدارسين " القرفة :
وهي نافعة للنسيان ، مقوية للذاكرة . ويساعد مشروب القرفة الساخن المحلى بالعسل أيضا :
على مقاومة التقلصات المؤلمة بأنواعها المختلفة، مثل تقلصات المعدة، أو تقلصات العضلات، أو آلام الطمث والولادة .

القرفة "الدارسين"

8- اللبان أو اللبان المر (الكندر) :
وهو من المواد التي تساعد على الحفظ ، وجلاء الذهن ويذهب بكثرة النسيان، كما ذكر الامام ابن القيم وغيره .
والطريقة أن يؤخذ منه ملء ملعقة وتوضع في كوب ماء ،ويترك مدة ثلاث ساعات ثم يشرب بمعدل كوب واحد، مرة واحدة في اليوم .
ويستخدم اللبان أيضا :
في هضم الطعام وطرد الغازات، ويقوي المعدة الضعيفة، وجيد للحمى وضد السعال، ويقطع نزف الدم من أي موقع كان، وينشف رطوبات الصدر .

لبان "كندر"

9- عشبة الجينسينج :
تنفع عشبة الجينسينج لتحسين الذاكرة ، وزيادة التركيز. وتعين على زيادة النشاط الذهني والبدني.

عشبة الجنسينج

9 - الجوز " عين الجمل" :
يوصف علاج ضعف الذاكرة الذي يشكو منه الأبناء خلال فترة الدراسة والاختبارات، فينصح بالإكثار من تناول عين الجمل، وكذا الصنوبر والزبيب.

الجوز "عين الجمل"

10- شرب مغلي لبان الذكر والزنجبيل والحبة السوداء (حبة البركة)، وحب الفهم المسمى ( البلاذر) ، والهندباء البرية فور الاستيقاظ من النوم أي قبل تناول أي شيء آخر، مع تحليته بعسل النحل الذي جعله الله شفاء للناس.
11- الخميرة :لوجود (فيتامين ب مركب) بها . وتأخذ كملعقة كبيرة تذاب في كوب ماء .
12- الإكثار من أكل الخضروات والفاكهة الطازجة، وهي مهمة جداً لصحة الانسان بعامة ، وكذا الاكثار من الماكولات البحرية، ومحاولة التنويع في الأكل ، والابتعاد قدر الامكان عن الأطعمة الجاهزة والمعلبة.

Get rid of the rumen

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Often ask patients Erh men, why is not ignoring the root cause of the excessive intake of foods with high calories, more than the body needs, leading to excess storage in the form of fat and the incidence of Erh.
As well as quitting smoking suddenly may accompanied by a temporary increase in appetite and thus increase the weight and shows the rumen, and has attributed the researchers of this increase in weight to the lack of abrupt nicotine in the brain cells, and this in turn leads to increased secretion of Alserotinen that lead to increased appetite to eat , especially for sugars.Can be through the following set of rules provided by Dr. Hamdy Sami Nasser Consultant Fashion Spot finally get rid of the rumen.
1 - men must remember that the first large belly does not arise only from the accumulation of layers of grease, but also for fluid retention and retention of the air, and this happens as a result of rapid eating, or eating certain types will explain later.
2 - If you decide to start abide by the rules, do not deprive yourself immediately from the food, because this would lead to negative results, helps to slow down the activity of a burning in the body, which impedes the process of removing grease, in addition to stress and nervous, which caused the deprivation of food, so we recommend moderation in eating.
3 - chew your food slowly and you'll find you eat less, Valamadg slow gives the stomach a chance to signal the brain it is full, and this takes about half an hour, but if you still hungry after this time, Fbasttaatk can eat more, provided that avoids items that cause obesity.
4 - Check well in your sense of hunger before you eat, is it a sense of real or imaginary? Drink water first, or talk to one, or do anything else, if I forget to eat, it means you were not really hungry.
5 - Stay away from carbohydrates, which come from wheat (pasta, white bread) and was limited to rice, potatoes, barley or pasta made from corn flour.
6 - strong abdominal muscles to exercise reduction and extraversion, which can be done during a conversation on the phone or when you do some work, if done so for ten minutes a day Vsihassan the appearance of the belly
7 - Be careful to begin journey to get rid of the rumen, depending on diet only, without sports, so do not get Petrhl skin and muscle weakness.
8 - Be sure to eat fresh vegetables such as parsley, celery, cucumbers, lettuce Vtattiyk sense of satiety.
9 - Be sure to eat low-calorie fruits such as grapefruit, melons, apples, and beware of grapes, figs and dates.
10 - Beware of dried fruit such as figs, prunes and Almhamshah Vsaratha high heat.
11 - Stay away from eating Muslaat such as pulp and Sudanese, nuts, soft drinks and chocolate.
12 - avoid eating French bread ever live high-calorie, and replace the rich live in Age of apostasy.
13 - Beware of foods fried or roasted, and eat boiled or grilled ratio of fat to less than the minimum.
14 - Beware of fat and fatty meats such as brain and kebabs, lamb and liver and prefer eating beef small.
15 - Replace table sugar, sugar substitutes found in pharmacies such as Suet Diet and saccharine.
16 - avoid the neglect of one of the three main meals Vahmal meal may make you to eat more foods undesirable.
17 - Stay away from Aezzomat, banquets and parties.
18 - yogurt, and yeast from the good foods in the diet, be sure to be addressed to maintain the freshness of your face and your eyes glitter.
19 - When you prove your weight and your belly undescended, although the obligation to take the vacation you Balrigam 48 hours of eating and diet choice, you then go back to diet again.
20 - Do not take any herb slimming only after knowing the composition and dose, and its impacts, preferably under medical supervision.
21 - Chinese needles and throat medical factors to assist in the process of slimming and treatment of the rumen, can not be relied upon only in the process of slimming.
22 - Make sure the descent of the rumen gradually, and avoid rapid descent has lead to many complications
23 - reduced as much as possible of foods canned and preserved for a long time.
24 - should also be eating and eating because you are sitting in a standing position leads to an increase in eating and should be knee close to chest.

التخلص من الكرش

2012-01-12T05:06:00.001-08:00

كثيرا ما يسأل المصابون بالكرش من الرجال، ما السبب متجاهلين السبب الأساسي ألا وهو الإفراط في تناول الأطعمة ذات السعرات الحرارية العالية، بأكثر مما يحتاجه الجسم، مما يؤدى إلى تخزين الزائد فى صورة دهون والإصابة بالكرش.

كذلك الإقلاع عن التدخين فجأة قد تصحبه زيادة مؤقتة فى الشهية للأكل وبالتالى يزداد الوزن ويظهر الكرش، ولقد أرجع الباحثون هذه الزيادة فى الوزن إلى النقص المفاجئ فى مادة النيكوتين فى خلايا المخ، وهذا بدوره يؤدى إلى زيادة إفراز مادة السيروتنين التى تؤدى إلى زيادة الشهية لتناول الطعام، خاصة للسكريات.
ويمكن من خلال مجموعة القواعد التالية التى يقدمها الدكتور حمدى سامى ناصر استشارى السمنة والنحافة التخلص من الكرش نهائيا.

1- يجب على الرجل أن يتذكر أولا أن كبر البطن لا ينشأ فقط عن تراكم طبقات الشحوم، بل أيضا عن احتباس السوائل واحتباس الهواء، وهذا يحدث نتيجة للأكل السريع أو تناول أصناف معينة سنوضحها فى ما بعد.

2- إذا قررت البدء بالالتزام بالقواعد، فلا تحرم نفسك فورا من الغذاء، لأن هذا من شأنه أن يؤدى إلى نتائج عكسية، فيساعد على إبطاء نشاط جهاز الحرق فى الجسم مما يعرقل عملية التخلص من الشحوم، هذا بالإضافة إلى الضغط النفسى والعصبى الذى يسببه الحرمان من الغذاء، لذا ننصح بالاعتدال فى الأكل.

3- امضغ طعامك ببطء وستجد أنك تأكل أقل، فالمضغ البطئ يعطى المعدة الفرصة للإيحاء للدماغ بأنها ممتلئة، وهذا يستغرق حوالى نصف ساعة، ولكن إذا بقيت جائعا بعد هذا الوقت، فباستطاعتك أن تأكل المزيد بشرط أن تتجنب الأصناف المسببة للسمنة.

4- دقق جيدا فى إحساسك بالجوع قبل أن تأكل، هل هو إحساس حقيقى أم وهمى؟ اشرب الماء أولا أو تحدث مع أحد أو افعل أى شئ آخر، فإذا نسيت الأكل فمعنى ذلك أنك لم تكن حقا جائعا.

5- ابتعد عن تناول النشويات التى مصدرها الحنطة (المكرونة والخبز الأبيض) واقتصر على الأرز والبطاطس والشعير أو المكرونة المصنوعة من دقيق الذرة.

6- قوي عضلات البطن بممارسة التقليص والانبساط الذى يمكن أن تقوم به أثناء المحادثة على الهاتف أو عند أداء بعض الأعمال، لو فعلت ذلك لمدة عشر دقائق يوميا فسيتحسن مظهر بطن

7 - احذر أن تبدأ مشوار التخلص من الكرش بالاعتماد على الريجيم فقط دون الرياضة، حتى لا تصاب بترهل الجلد وضعف العضلات.

8- احرص على تناول الخضراوات الطازجة مثل البقدونس والكرفس والخيار والخس فتعطيك الإحساس بالشبع.

9- احرص على تناول الفاكهة ذات السعرات المنخفضة مثل الجريب فروت والشمام والتفاح، واحذر من العنب والتين والبلح.

10- احذر تناول الفاكهة المجففة مثل التين والقراصيا والمشمشية فسعراتها الحرارية عالية.

11- ابتعد عن تناول المسليات مثل اللب والسودانى والمكسرات والمياه الغازية والشكولاته.

12- تجنب تناول العيش الفينو ذى السعرات الحرارية المرتفعة، واستبدله بالعيش السن الغنى بالردة.

13- إياك والأطعمة المقلية أو المحمرة، وقم بتناول المسلوق أو المشوى فنسبة الدهون فيها تقل إلى الحد الأدنى.

14- احذر تناول الدهون واللحوم الدسمة مثل المخ والكباب واللحم الضأن والكبدة ويفضل تناول اللحم البقرى الصغير.

15- استبدل سكر الطعام، ببدائل السكر الموجودة فى الصيدليات مثل السويت دايت والسكارين.

16- تجنب إهمال إحدى الوجبات الثلاثة الرئيسية فإهمال وجبة قد يدفعك إلى التهام أطعمة أكثر غير مرغوب فيها.

17- ابتعد عن العزومات والولائم والحفلات.

18- اللبن الرائب، والخميرة من الأطعمة الجيدة فى فترة الريجيم، فاحرص على تناولها لتحافظ على نضارة وجهك وبريق عينيك.

19- عند ثبوت وزنك وعدم نزول كرشك، رغم الالتزام بالريجيم عليك بأخذ أجازة 48 ساعة من الرجيم وتناول ما طاب لك ثم عد إلى الريجيم من جديد.

20- لا تتناول أى عشب للتخسيس إلا بعد معرفة تركيبه، وجرعته، وأثاره ويفضل أن يكون تحت إشراف طبى.

21- الإبر الصينية والحلق الطبى، عوامل مساعدة فى عملية التخسيس وعلاج الكرش، ولا يمكن الاعتماد عليهما فقط فى عملية التخسيس.

22- احرص على نزول الكرش تدريجيا، وتجنب النزول السريع فقد يؤدى إلى كثير من المضاعفات

23- قلل قدر الإمكان من الأطعمة المعلبة والمحفوظة لمدة طويلة.

24- كذلك يجب تناول الطعام وأنت جالس لأن الأكل فى وضع الوقوف يؤدى للزيادة فى الأكل ويجب أن تكون الركبة قريبة من الصدر.

Learn how to buy a ebay's largest auction in the world Peace, mercy and blessings of God and Is very important that we take when we think we warned in the purchase via the Internet ... And especially that they require all your personal data and credit card numbers you possible be at risk because they are all Asahbunha by penetrating the site or company is not guaranteed ... You say it in the steps required of them before Ttacdonn Matchetron from any site on the Internet safely Ashan you buy ... First of all, ... Use secure sites to keep credit card details, and how do you know that a secure site? .... A small padlock at the bottom of the browser on the right almost to the color yellow this means that the site to protect it from any breach or theft ... Thus Hothagh ... Second Chi ... Delirious sites always start with https and the titles mean s safety security I: Pay attention to the special conditions Kues Balli the shipment and delivery, taxes and the possibility to return the product if Majpk and make sure that all data Avatar Ahtatha private data valid credit card and e-mail because they claimed it send you a message when any question ... Delirious conditions necessary for the task are available at any location Ptstraen than in the Internet, which claimed the Thmin yourself from theft or break any of your information and your credit card ... Finally, preferably when you purchase the special visa are using an Internet connection is limited to the amount you buy and Ashan anti reassuring ...Today I will put your hands through the purchase method of site ebay.comWhich is the most famous sites and auctions in the world kindlyWhat is eBay ebay???Is a site for buying and selling, or rather is the auction site on the Internet and can we call consciousness, better online market at all ..... and can we have a simple explanation "is a site shared by millions of users who wish to buy or sell Hola people and not the condition to be sold Mahtervaan but they are normal people like you and me, but what distinguishes them they are subscribers via Ebay, and through offering something of their purposes is used or new may be a pair of sunglasses or even medical or bag Mellta of used or expired Modtha or electronic tools can not use it thinking throw it in, but show them through this site and will Ttfajin amount of people who want to buy your product, which ..... Kdta Termanha, Ebay is not just a selling site, but also is the site for purchase online .... but some may Atsal buy online, but what is the point, but There are no markets ?????? Yes, but there are markets for online Eshrae many benefitsIncluding:1 - get what you want and you are at home as soon as you press the button2 - access to goods in the stores and you are in your home "stores in the United States, United Kingdom (Great Britain), France, wonderful shops, Italy, and the world.3 - access to international brands at prices cheaper than the local market and due to that those who are selling are people so it is not Hnlk customs on the item does not rent the place but only the price of shipping item, a very cheap price and item will be shipped to you in the form of a gift.4 - most of who sell at Ebay are the people who trusted them and associated with Ebay so there is no fear of the loss of your right then you are dealing with a global first in the auction. How to deal with eBay EbayFirst:You participate in the siteIt is free, but before signing advise taking a tour of the site to see the goods displayed for the wonderfulWe open the sitehttp://www.ebay.com/Registration process and then weIt will show us the following page by clicking on the word we Register This register link directly:https://scgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.d...isterEnterInfoWe mobilize personal data: First name First nameLast name second nameStreet address streetCity: CityState / Province / Region city, state or regionPostal code key internationalCountry or Region CountryPrimary telephone phone numberEmail address e-mail address (email)Re-enter email address national Baaadh write e againCreate an eBay User ID in the ID your site ebayCheck Availability of user ID verify that the identifier to Aimlkh not a single userCreate password and password must be at least 6 letters or numbersRe-enter password Retype passwordSecret question secret questionSecret answer the secret question answerDate of birth day of your birthMONTH monthDAY todayYEAR YearYou should be more than 18 years to be registeredPut in the box is true our people, I accepted all the conditionsPressure and then the word CONTINUECM will ask us to write the card numberAnd numberAnd expiry dateMake sure e-mail address and activate your subscription with them After the termination of the activation of your subscription you can now start in the procurement processHow to buy from EbaySearch:Look for item you need and what we in the Arab world quest will not be easy if we are in America or Britain for that will tell you of the best way to look at the Home for the Ebay search in the bottom of the forum for global trade "world trade" and Click it Choose your state and then Click on the GoThen you will be incoming this page A - in the space, type the first claim to find, and the second vacuum state2 - Bid:Here lies the pleasure of buying you will notice the amount of people who would like to buy Matod you buy it and compete with you to buy it to pay the highest value for those of you after you find Matod buy that set the maximum price you are willing to pay in exchange for this item do not be afraid figure set by is not necessarily the amount who will pay but will be slightly less, but you put the maximum price you are willing to push and then Ebay by a special program to have will be increased instead of you to to win this item at the lowest cost, but if the price rises the amount you are willing to pay will depend Ebay for Bid on the item and will send you an email telling you that Hnlk someone else is willing to pay more than you ....... Here you have two options to raise the price to beat him to leave the commodity or item and looking for others. But before you Bid on the item Please note the following: A - Is the seller willing to send the item to my country to do this search in the page item for the word ship to must be a return, either the word world wide, or he is ready to be sent to the continent you're in. .... This is in addition to the observation time remaining to the availability of the product to the site after time limit will win the person who set the highest priceB - Specifications seller is it reliable or not every vendor in IP has a number next to this number means the number of operations carried out by either selling or buying, but more important is whether the seller is trustworthy and we can find out by the percentage of praise obtained by the In this picture the seller holds a seller NSH 99.9% of the praise and great for the percentage of operations carried out bySee image C - Specification Item as described D - the price of shipping as described E - payment method you would like vendors to get the money should be to make sure that you can pay in the manner specified by the seller (see payment methods) and will find ways to pay down the page item, as shown in the picture 3 - Payment: Payment and some certainly Atsalon for how to pay for other vendors, there are several ways but not all are available in all the vendors ...Payment methods:1 - PayPal: It is a common by-mail account and then you can register by credit card and pay it of by Credit card is a mediatorNote: This service is not available to residents of the Middle East, unfortunately3-Money order \ cashier check: This is the easiest and cheapest way which is a money order through the post office to mail the seller in the country located in (can not confirm whether this service is available in your country by contacting the post office in your country and know the states that can Send money order for service by registered mail).3-Bidpay.com: In my view, is the best, but Aatqublha all vendors is a website to pay for auctions and is recognized by the company Ebay and this site acts as an intermediary between you and the seller, which is that you are in agreement with this company to send money to the seller to see more details, visit Sitewww.bidpay.com 4-personal check: They write a check to the seller and send a slow way. After completing the purchase, the seller will send an email tells you all the details and the date will ship it and the expected date of arrival of the goods to you ...... تعلمي كيف تشترين من ebay اكبر شركة مزاد في العالم السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته عزيزاتي عضوات منتدى عالم حواء مهم جداً ان نأخذ حذرنا عندما نفكر في الشراء عن طريق الانترنت... وخاصة انهم يطلبون كل بياناتك الشخصية وارقام بطاقة الاعتماد اللي ممكن يكون في خطر انهم يسحبونها كلها عن طريق اختراق الموقع او شركة غير مضمونة... في خطوات بقولكم عليها لازم تتأكدون منها قبل ماتشترون من اي موقع على الانترنت عشان تشترون بأمان ... اول شي... استخدمي المواقع الآمنة الي تحفظ تفاصيل بطاقة الاعتماد وكيف تعرفين انه موقع آمن؟ .... فيه قفل صغير في أسفل برنامج التصفح تقريبا على اليمين لونه اصفر هذا يعني ان الموقع عليه حماية من اي اختراق او سرقات ... بالتالي هوثقة... ثاني شي... هذي المواقع دايما تبدأ عناوينها بـ https والـ s تعني السلامة security آخر شي: انتبهي كويس للشروط خاصة باللي يتعلق بالشحن والتسليم والضرائب وامكانية ارجاع المنتج اذا ماعجبك وتأكدي من ان كل البيانات اللي حطيتها صحيحة خاصة بيانات بطاقة الاعتماد والإيميل لانهم راح يراسلونك عليه عند اي استفسار... هذي شروط مهمة لازم تتوافر في أي موقع بتشترين منه في الانترنت وفيها راح تحمين نفسك من اي سرقة او اختراق لمعلوماتك وبطاقة اعتمادك... وآخيراً يفضل عند الشراء انك تستعملين الفيزا الخاصة بالانترنت وهي محدودة المبلغ عشان تشترين وانتي مطمئنة... اليوم سوف اضع بين ايديكم طريقة الشراء عن طريق موقع ebay.com وهو من اشهر المواقع والمزادات في عالم النت ما هو أي باي ebay؟؟؟ هو عبارة عن موقع بيع وشراء او بالاحري هو موقع مزاد علي شبكة الانترنت ويمكن ان نطلق عية سوق الانترنت الافضل علي الاطلاق .....ويمكن ان نضع شرح مبسط له " هو موقع يشترك فية ملايين المستخدمين الذين يودون شراء او البيع وهولاء الاشخاص ليس بالشرط ان يكونوا باعه محترفيين بل هم اناس عاديين مثلي ومثلك لكن ما يميزهم انهم مشتركين عبر شبكة Ebay ومن خلالها يعرضون شيء من اغراضهم المستخدمة أو الجديدة قد تكون نظارة شمسية او حتي طبية او شنطة مللتي من استخدامها او انتهت موضتها أو أدوات الالكترونية لا تستطيع أستخدامها فلا تفكر في رميها بل اعرضها عبر هذا الموقع وسوف تتفاجئين بكمية الاشخاص الذين سيطلبون شراء سلعتك التي كدتي ترمينها .....وEbay ليس مجرد موقع بيع فقط بل هو موقع للشراء عبر الانترنت .... ولكن قد يتسال البعض شراء عبر الانترنت ولكن ما الفائدة الا يوجد هنالك اسواق ؟؟؟؟؟؟ نعم هنالك اسواق ولكن للاشراء عبر الانترنت العديد من الفوائد نذكر منها : 1-الحصول علي ما تريد وأنت في المنزل بمجرد ضغطت زر 2-الاطلاع علي بضائع الموجودة في المحلات الكبري وانت في منزلك " متاجر في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية , المملكة المتحدة (بريطانيا ) , متاجر فرنسا الرائعة , ايطاليا , والعالم بأسرة . 3-الحصول علي الماركات العالمية بأسعار ارخص من السوق المحلي وذلك يعود الي ان الذين يقومون بالبيع هم أشخاص لذلك ليس هنلك جمارك علي السلعة ولا اجار محل بل فقط سعر شحن السلعة وهو سعر زهيد جدا والسلعة سوف تشحن اليك علي شكل هدية . 4-اغلب الذين يبيعون عل Ebay هم اناس موثوق منهم ومرتبطين مع شركة Ebay لذلك ليس هنالك خوف من ضياع حقك فانت تتعامل مع الشركة العالمية الاولي في المزاد. كيفية التعامل مع أي باي Ebay اولا : عليك بالاشتراك في الموقع وهو مجاني ولكن قبل الاشتراك انصح بأخذ جولة في الموقع لتري السلع الرائعة المعروضة لذلك نقوم بفتح الموقع http://www.ebay.com/ ثم نقوم بعملية التسجيل وسوف تظهر لنا الصفحه التاليه نقوم بالضغط على كلمة Register وهذا رابط التسجيل مباشرة : https://scgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.d...isterEnterInfo نقوم بتعبئة البيانات الشخصيه: First name الاسم الاول Last name الاسم الثاني Street address الشارع City : المدينه State / Province / Region المدينه او الولايه او المنطقة Postal code المفتاح الدولي Country or Region الدوله Primary telephone رقم الهاتف Email address عنوان البريد الالكتروني ( الايميل ) Re-enter email address قومي بااعادة كتابة البريد مرة اخرى Create an eBay User ID معرفك في موقع ebay Check Availability of user ID تحقق من ان المعرف لايملكه احد وليس مستخدم Create password كلمة السر ويجب ان لاتقل عن 6 احرف او ارقام Re-enter password اعد كتابة كلمة السر Secret question السؤال السري Secret answer اجابة السؤال السري Date of birth يوم ولادتك MONTH الشهر DAY اليوم YEAR السنه يجب ان تكوني اكبر من 18 سنه لكي يتم التسجيل نضع صح في المربع وهي انا قومنا بالقبول بجميع الشروط وثم نضغط كلمة CONTINUE سم سوف يطلب منا ان نكتب رقم البطاقه ورقمها وتاريخ انتهائها التأكد من عنوان الايميل وتفعيل أشتراكك معهم وبعد الانهاء من تفعيل اشتراكك بأمكانك الان البدء في عملية الشراءكيفية الشراء من Ebay البحث : ابحث عن السلعة التي تحتاجها وبما اننا في الوطن العربي فالبحث لن يكون بسهولة لو اننا في امريكا او بريطانيا لذلك سوف ادلكم علي افضل طريقة للبحث في الصفحة الرئيسة للEbay ابحث في اسفل الصفحة عن global trade "التجارة العالمية" واضغطي عليه اختاري الدولة ثم اضغطي عليGo وثم سوف تضهر لك هذه الصفحه أ- في الفراغ الاول اكتب ما تودي البحث عنه والفراغ الثاني الدوله 2-المزايدة : وهنا تكمن متعة الشراء فسوف تلاحظ كمية الاشخاص الذين يودون شراء ماتود انت شراءه ويتنافسون معك علي شراءه بدفع اعلي قيمة لذلك عليك بعد ان تجد ماتود شراءه بأن تضع اعلي سعر انت مستعد بأن تدفع مقابل الحصول علي هذه السلعة ولا تخف فالرقم الذي وضعتة ليس بالضرورة هو المبلغ الذي سوف تدفعة بل سوف يكون اقل بقليل ولكن انت تضع اعلي سعر انت مستعد لدفعة ومن ثم Ebay بواسطة برنامج خاص لديها سوف تزايد بدلا منك الي ان تفوز بهذة السلعة بأقل تكلفة ولكن اذا ارتفع السعر عن المبلغ الذي انت مستعد ان تدفعة سوف تتوقف Ebay عن المزايدة علي السلعة وسوف ترسل اليك ايميل تخبرك بأنه هنلك شخص غيرك مستعد ليدفع أكثر منك ....... وهنا يكون لك خياران أما ان ترفع السعر عليه لتفوز بالسلعة أو ان تترك السلعة وتبحث عن غيرها . ولكن قبل المزايدة علي السلعة عليك ملاحظة الآتي : أ- هل البائع مستعد لارسال السلعة الي بلادي لذلك ابحث في صفحة السلعة عن كلمة ship to لابد ان يكون مقابلها اما كلمة world wide او انه مستعد لارسالها الي القارة التي انت بها....هذا بالأضافة الي ملاحظة الوقت المتبقي لتوافر السلعة علي الموقع فبعد أنتهاء الوقت المحدد سوف يفوز الشخص الذي وضع أعلي سعر ب- مواصفات البائع هل هو موثوق به أم لا فكل بائع في الاي بي له رقم بجانبه الرقم هذا يعني عدد العمليات التي قام بها سواء بيع أم شراء ولكن الأهم هو هل هذا البائع موثوق به أم لا ونستطيع معرفه ذلك من خلال نسبه المدح التي حصل عليها البائع وفي هذه الصوره البائع حاصل علي نسة 99.9% من المدح وهذه نسبه رائعة بالنسبه للعمليات التي قام بها انظري الصورة ج- مواصفات السلعة كما هو مبين د- سعر الشحن كما هو موضح ه- طريقة الدفع التي يود الباعة الحصول بها علي المال ولابد من ان تتأكد انه بأمكانك الدفع بالطريقة التي يحددها البائع انظر ( طرق الدفع ) وسوف تجد طرق الدفع اسفل صفحة السلعه كما هو موضح في الصورة 3-الدفع : الدفع والبعض بالتأكيد يتسألون عن كيفية الدفع للباعة الاخرين هنالك عدة طرق ولكن ليس كلها متوافرة لدي كافة الباعة ... طرق الدفع: 1- PayPal: وهو عبارة عن حساب الكتروني تشترك بة ومن ثم تستطيع ان تسجل به ببطاقتك الائتمانية وتدفع به من عن طريق بطاقتك الاتمانية فهو عبارة عن وسيط ملاحظة : هذه الخدمة غير متوفرة لسكان الشرق الوسط للأسف 3-Money order \ cashier check : وهذة اسهل وارخص وسيلة وهي عبارة عن حوالة مالية عن طريق مكتب البريد الي بريد البائع في البلد المتواجد فيها ( تستطيع التأكد ان كانت هذه الخدمة متوفرة في بلدك عن طريق الاتصال علي مكتب البريد في بلدك ومعرفة الدول التي تستطيع ارسال الحواله المالية عن طريق خدمة البريد المسجل). 3-Bidpay.com : وفي نظري هي الافضل ولكن لايتقبلها كافة الباعة وهو عبارة عن موقع الكتروني لدفع المزادات وهو معترف به من قبل شركة Ebay وهذة الموقع يعمل كوسيط بينك وبين البائع وهي ان تقوم بالاتفاق مع هذة الشركة لارسال الاموال الي البائع لمعرفة تفاصيل اكثر زوروا الموقع www.bidpay.com 4-personal check : وهي كتابة شيك الي البائع وارسالة وهي ابطاء طريقة . بعد اتمام عملية الشراء سوف يقوم البائع بارسال ايميل يخبرك بكافة التفاصيل والموعد الذي سيقوم بالشحن فية والموعد المتوقع لوصول البض

2011-12-30T09:47:00.000-08:00

Learn how to buy a
ebay's largest auction in the world
Peace, mercy and blessings of God and
Is very important that we take when we think we warned in the purchase via the Internet ...
And especially that they require all your personal data and credit card numbers you possible be at risk because they are all Asahbunha by penetrating the site or company is not guaranteed ...

You say it in the steps required of them before Ttacdonn Matchetron from any site on the Internet safely Ashan you buy ...
First of all, ... Use secure sites to keep credit card details, and how do you know that a secure site? .... A small padlock at the bottom of the browser on the right almost to the color yellow this means that the site to protect it from any breach or theft ... Thus Hothagh ...
Second Chi ... Delirious sites always start with https and the titles mean s safety security
I: Pay attention to the special conditions Kues Balli the shipment and delivery, taxes and the possibility to return the product if Majpk and make sure that all data Avatar Ahtatha private data valid credit card and e-mail because they claimed it send you a message when any question ...
Delirious conditions necessary for the task are available at any location Ptstraen than in the Internet, which claimed the Thmin yourself from theft or break any of your information and your credit card ...
Finally, preferably when you purchase the special visa are using an Internet connection is limited to the amount you buy and Ashan anti reassuring ...Today I will put your hands through the purchase method of site ebay.comWhich is the most famous sites and auctions in the world kindlyWhat is eBay ebay???Is a site for buying and selling, or rather is the auction site on the Internet and can we call consciousness, better online market at all ..... and can we have a simple explanation "is a site shared by millions of users who wish to buy or sell Hola people and not the condition to be sold Mahtervaan but they are normal people like you and me, but what distinguishes them they are subscribers via Ebay, and through offering something of their purposes is used or new may be a pair of sunglasses or even medical or bag Mellta of used or expired Modtha or electronic tools can not use it thinking throw it in, but show them through this site and will Ttfajin amount of people who want to buy your product, which ..... Kdta Termanha, Ebay is not just a selling site, but also is the site for purchase online .... but some may Atsal buy online, but what is the point, but There are no markets ??????
Yes, but there are markets for online Eshrae many benefitsIncluding:1 - get what you want and you are at home as soon as you press the button2 - access to goods in the stores and you are in your home "stores in the United States, United Kingdom (Great Britain), France, wonderful shops, Italy, and the world.3 - access to international brands at prices cheaper than the local market and due to that those who are selling are people so it is not Hnlk customs on the item does not rent the place but only the price of shipping item, a very cheap price and item will be shipped to you in the form of a gift.4 - most of who sell at Ebay are the people who trusted them and associated with Ebay so there is no fear of the loss of your right then you are dealing with a global first in the auction.
How to deal with eBay EbayFirst:You participate in the siteIt is free, but before signing advise taking a tour of the site to see the goods displayed for the wonderfulWe open the sitehttp://www.ebay.com/Registration process and then weIt will show us the following page by clicking on the word we Register
This register link directly:https://scgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.d...isterEnterInfoWe mobilize personal data:

First name First nameLast name second nameStreet address streetCity: CityState / Province / Region city, state or regionPostal code key internationalCountry or Region CountryPrimary telephone phone numberEmail address e-mail address (email)Re-enter email address national Baaadh write e againCreate an eBay User ID in the ID your site ebayCheck Availability of user ID verify that the identifier to Aimlkh not a single userCreate password and password must be at least 6 letters or numbersRe-enter password Retype passwordSecret question secret questionSecret answer the secret question answerDate of birth day of your birthMONTH monthDAY todayYEAR YearYou should be more than 18 years to be registeredPut in the box is true our people, I accepted all the conditionsPressure and then the word CONTINUECM will ask us to write the card numberAnd numberAnd expiry dateMake sure e-mail address and activate your subscription with them
After the termination of the activation of your subscription you can now start in the procurement processHow to buy from EbaySearch:Look for item you need and what we in the Arab world quest will not be easy if we are in America or Britain for that will tell you of the best way to look at the Home for the Ebay search in the bottom of the forum for global trade "world trade" and Click it
Choose your state and then Click on the GoThen you will be incoming this page
A - in the space, type the first claim to find, and the second vacuum state2 - Bid:Here lies the pleasure of buying you will notice the amount of people who would like to buy Matod you buy it and compete with you to buy it to pay the highest value for those of you after you find Matod buy that set the maximum price you are willing to pay in exchange for this item do not be afraid figure set by is not necessarily the amount who will pay but will be slightly less, but you put the maximum price you are willing to push and then Ebay by a special program to have will be increased instead of you to to win this item at the lowest cost, but if the price rises the amount you are willing to pay will depend Ebay for Bid on the item and will send you an email telling you that Hnlk someone else is willing to pay more than you ....... Here you have two options to raise the price to beat him to leave the commodity or item and looking for others. But before you Bid on the item Please note the following:
A - Is the seller willing to send the item to my country to do this search in the page item for the word ship to must be a return, either the word world wide, or he is ready to be sent to the continent you're in. .... This is in addition to the observation time remaining to the availability of the product to the site after time limit will win the person who set the highest priceB - Specifications seller is it reliable or not every vendor in IP has a number next to this number means the number of operations carried out by either selling or buying, but more important is whether the seller is trustworthy and we can find out by the percentage of praise obtained by the In this picture the seller holds a seller NSH 99.9% of the praise and great for the percentage of operations carried out bySee image
C - Specification Item as described
D - the price of shipping as described
E - payment method you would like vendors to get the money should be to make sure that you can pay in the manner specified by the seller (see payment methods) and will find ways to pay down the page item, as shown in the picture

3 - Payment:
Payment and some certainly Atsalon for how to pay for other vendors, there are several ways but not all are available in all the vendors ...Payment methods:1 - PayPal: It is a common by-mail account and then you can register by credit card and pay it of by Credit card is a mediatorNote: This service is not available to residents of the Middle East, unfortunately3-Money order \ cashier check: This is the easiest and cheapest way which is a money order through the post office to mail the seller in the country located in (can not confirm whether this service is available in your country by contacting the post office in your country and know the states that can Send money order for service by registered mail).3-Bidpay.com: In my view, is the best, but Aatqublha all vendors is a website to pay for auctions and is recognized by the company Ebay and this site acts as an intermediary between you and the seller, which is that you are in agreement with this company to send money to the seller to see more details, visit Sitewww.bidpay.com
4-personal check: They write a check to the seller and send a slow way.

After completing the purchase, the seller will send an email tells you all the details and the date will ship it and the expected date of arrival of the goods to you ......

تعلمي كيف تشترين من ebay اكبر شركة مزاد في العالم
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
عزيزاتي عضوات منتدى عالم حواء
مهم جداً ان نأخذ حذرنا عندما نفكر في الشراء عن طريق الانترنت...

وخاصة انهم يطلبون كل بياناتك الشخصية وارقام بطاقة الاعتماد اللي ممكن يكون في خطر انهم يسحبونها كلها عن طريق اختراق الموقع او شركة غير مضمونة...

في خطوات بقولكم عليها لازم تتأكدون منها قبل ماتشترون من اي موقع على الانترنت عشان تشترون بأمان ...

اول شي... استخدمي المواقع الآمنة الي تحفظ تفاصيل بطاقة الاعتماد وكيف تعرفين انه موقع آمن؟ .... فيه قفل صغير في أسفل برنامج التصفح تقريبا على اليمين لونه اصفر هذا يعني ان الموقع عليه حماية من اي اختراق او سرقات ... بالتالي هوثقة...

ثاني شي... هذي المواقع دايما تبدأ عناوينها بـ https والـ s تعني السلامة security

آخر شي: انتبهي كويس للشروط خاصة باللي يتعلق بالشحن والتسليم والضرائب وامكانية ارجاع المنتج اذا ماعجبك وتأكدي من ان كل البيانات اللي حطيتها صحيحة خاصة بيانات بطاقة الاعتماد والإيميل لانهم راح يراسلونك عليه عند اي استفسار...

هذي شروط مهمة لازم تتوافر في أي موقع بتشترين منه في الانترنت وفيها راح تحمين نفسك من اي سرقة او اختراق لمعلوماتك وبطاقة اعتمادك...

وآخيراً يفضل عند الشراء انك تستعملين الفيزا الخاصة بالانترنت وهي محدودة المبلغ عشان تشترين وانتي مطمئنة... اليوم سوف اضع بين ايديكم طريقة الشراء عن طريق موقع ebay.com وهو من اشهر المواقع والمزادات في عالم النت ما هو أي باي ebay؟؟؟ هو عبارة عن موقع بيع وشراء او بالاحري هو موقع مزاد علي شبكة الانترنت ويمكن ان نطلق عية سوق الانترنت الافضل علي الاطلاق .....ويمكن ان نضع شرح مبسط له " هو موقع يشترك فية ملايين المستخدمين الذين يودون شراء او البيع وهولاء الاشخاص ليس بالشرط ان يكونوا باعه محترفيين بل هم اناس عاديين مثلي ومثلك لكن ما يميزهم انهم مشتركين عبر شبكة Ebay ومن خلالها يعرضون شيء من اغراضهم المستخدمة أو الجديدة قد تكون نظارة شمسية او حتي طبية او شنطة مللتي من استخدامها او انتهت موضتها أو أدوات الالكترونية لا تستطيع أستخدامها فلا تفكر في رميها بل اعرضها عبر هذا الموقع وسوف تتفاجئين بكمية الاشخاص الذين سيطلبون شراء سلعتك التي كدتي ترمينها .....وEbay ليس مجرد موقع بيع فقط بل هو موقع للشراء عبر الانترنت .... ولكن قد يتسال البعض شراء عبر الانترنت ولكن ما الفائدة الا يوجد هنالك اسواق ؟؟؟؟؟؟

نعم هنالك اسواق ولكن للاشراء عبر الانترنت العديد من الفوائد نذكر منها : 1-الحصول علي ما تريد وأنت في المنزل بمجرد ضغطت زر 2-الاطلاع علي بضائع الموجودة في المحلات الكبري وانت في منزلك " متاجر في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية , المملكة المتحدة (بريطانيا ) , متاجر فرنسا الرائعة , ايطاليا , والعالم بأسرة . 3-الحصول علي الماركات العالمية بأسعار ارخص من السوق المحلي وذلك يعود الي ان الذين يقومون بالبيع هم أشخاص لذلك ليس هنلك جمارك علي السلعة ولا اجار محل بل فقط سعر شحن السلعة وهو سعر زهيد جدا والسلعة سوف تشحن اليك علي شكل هدية . 4-اغلب الذين يبيعون عل Ebay هم اناس موثوق منهم ومرتبطين مع شركة Ebay لذلك ليس هنالك خوف من ضياع حقك فانت تتعامل مع الشركة العالمية الاولي في المزاد.

كيفية التعامل مع أي باي Ebay اولا : عليك بالاشتراك في الموقع وهو مجاني ولكن قبل الاشتراك انصح بأخذ جولة في الموقع لتري السلع الرائعة المعروضة لذلك نقوم بفتح الموقع http://www.ebay.com/ ثم نقوم بعملية التسجيل وسوف تظهر لنا الصفحه التاليه نقوم بالضغط على كلمة Register وهذا رابط التسجيل مباشرة : https://scgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.d...isterEnterInfo نقوم بتعبئة البيانات الشخصيه:

First name الاسم الاول Last name الاسم الثاني Street address الشارع City : المدينه State / Province / Region المدينه او الولايه او المنطقة Postal code المفتاح الدولي Country or Region الدوله Primary telephone رقم الهاتف Email address عنوان البريد الالكتروني ( الايميل ) Re-enter email address قومي بااعادة كتابة البريد مرة اخرى Create an eBay User ID معرفك في موقع ebay Check Availability of user ID تحقق من ان المعرف لايملكه احد وليس مستخدم Create password كلمة السر ويجب ان لاتقل عن 6 احرف او ارقام Re-enter password اعد كتابة كلمة السر Secret question السؤال السري Secret answer اجابة السؤال السري Date of birth يوم ولادتك MONTH الشهر DAY اليوم YEAR السنه يجب ان تكوني اكبر من 18 سنه لكي يتم التسجيل نضع صح في المربع وهي انا قومنا بالقبول بجميع الشروط وثم نضغط كلمة CONTINUE سم سوف يطلب منا ان نكتب رقم البطاقه ورقمها وتاريخ انتهائها التأكد من عنوان الايميل وتفعيل أشتراكك معهم

وبعد الانهاء من تفعيل اشتراكك بأمكانك الان البدء في عملية الشراءكيفية الشراء من Ebay البحث : ابحث عن السلعة التي تحتاجها وبما اننا في الوطن العربي فالبحث لن يكون بسهولة لو اننا في امريكا او بريطانيا لذلك سوف ادلكم علي افضل طريقة للبحث في الصفحة الرئيسة للEbay ابحث في اسفل الصفحة عن global trade "التجارة العالمية" واضغطي عليه اختاري الدولة ثم اضغطي عليGo وثم سوف تضهر لك هذه الصفحه

أ- في الفراغ الاول اكتب ما تودي البحث عنه والفراغ الثاني الدوله 2-المزايدة : وهنا تكمن متعة الشراء فسوف تلاحظ كمية الاشخاص الذين يودون شراء ماتود انت شراءه ويتنافسون معك علي شراءه بدفع اعلي قيمة لذلك عليك بعد ان تجد ماتود شراءه بأن تضع اعلي سعر انت مستعد بأن تدفع مقابل الحصول علي هذه السلعة ولا تخف فالرقم الذي وضعتة ليس بالضرورة هو المبلغ الذي سوف تدفعة بل سوف يكون اقل بقليل ولكن انت تضع اعلي سعر انت مستعد لدفعة ومن ثم Ebay بواسطة برنامج خاص لديها سوف تزايد بدلا منك الي ان تفوز بهذة السلعة بأقل تكلفة ولكن اذا ارتفع السعر عن المبلغ الذي انت مستعد ان تدفعة سوف تتوقف Ebay عن المزايدة علي السلعة وسوف ترسل اليك ايميل تخبرك بأنه هنلك شخص غيرك مستعد ليدفع أكثر منك ....... وهنا يكون لك خياران أما ان ترفع السعر عليه لتفوز بالسلعة أو ان تترك السلعة وتبحث عن غيرها . ولكن قبل المزايدة علي السلعة عليك ملاحظة الآتي :

أ- هل البائع مستعد لارسال السلعة الي بلادي لذلك ابحث في صفحة السلعة عن كلمة ship to لابد ان يكون مقابلها اما كلمة world wide او انه مستعد لارسالها الي القارة التي انت بها....هذا بالأضافة الي ملاحظة الوقت المتبقي لتوافر السلعة علي الموقع فبعد أنتهاء الوقت المحدد سوف يفوز الشخص الذي وضع أعلي سعر ب- مواصفات البائع هل هو موثوق به أم لا فكل بائع في الاي بي له رقم بجانبه الرقم هذا يعني عدد العمليات التي قام بها سواء بيع أم شراء ولكن الأهم هو هل هذا البائع موثوق به أم لا ونستطيع معرفه ذلك من خلال نسبه المدح التي حصل عليها البائع وفي هذه الصوره البائع حاصل علي نسة 99.9% من المدح وهذه نسبه رائعة بالنسبه للعمليات التي قام بها انظري الصورة

ج- مواصفات السلعة كما هو مبين د- سعر الشحن كما هو موضح ه- طريقة الدفع التي يود الباعة الحصول بها علي المال ولابد من ان تتأكد انه بأمكانك الدفع بالطريقة التي يحددها البائع انظر ( طرق الدفع ) وسوف تجد طرق الدفع اسفل صفحة السلعه كما هو موضح في الصورة

3-الدفع :

الدفع والبعض بالتأكيد يتسألون عن كيفية الدفع للباعة الاخرين هنالك عدة طرق ولكن ليس كلها متوافرة لدي كافة الباعة ... طرق الدفع: 1- PayPal: وهو عبارة عن حساب الكتروني تشترك بة ومن ثم تستطيع ان تسجل به ببطاقتك الائتمانية وتدفع به من عن طريق بطاقتك الاتمانية فهو عبارة عن وسيط ملاحظة : هذه الخدمة غير متوفرة لسكان الشرق الوسط للأسف 3-Money order \ cashier check : وهذة اسهل وارخص وسيلة وهي عبارة عن حوالة مالية عن طريق مكتب البريد الي بريد البائع في البلد المتواجد فيها ( تستطيع التأكد ان كانت هذه الخدمة متوفرة في بلدك عن طريق الاتصال علي مكتب البريد في بلدك ومعرفة الدول التي تستطيع ارسال الحواله المالية عن طريق خدمة البريد المسجل). 3-Bidpay.com : وفي نظري هي الافضل ولكن لايتقبلها كافة الباعة وهو عبارة عن موقع الكتروني لدفع المزادات وهو معترف به من قبل شركة Ebay وهذة الموقع يعمل كوسيط بينك وبين البائع وهي ان تقوم بالاتفاق مع هذة الشركة لارسال الاموال الي البائع لمعرفة تفاصيل اكثر زوروا الموقع www.bidpay.com

4-personal check : وهي كتابة شيك الي البائع وارسالة وهي ابطاء طريقة .

بعد اتمام عملية الشراء سوف يقوم البائع بارسال ايميل يخبرك بكافة التفاصيل والموعد الذي سيقوم بالشحن فية والموعد المتوقع لوصول البض

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Plants utilize light not only for photosynthesis but also as environmental signals. They are capable of perceiving wavelength, intensity, direction, duration, and other attributes of light to perform appropriate physiological and developmental changes. This volume presents overviews of and the latest findings in many of the interconnected aspects of plant photomorphogenesis, including photoreceptors (phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins), signal transduction, photoperiodism, and circadian rhythms, in 42 chapters. Also included, is a prologue by Prof. Masaki Furuya that gives an overview of the historical background. With contributions from preeminent researchers in specific subjects from around the world, this book will be a valuable source for a range of scientists from undergraduate to professional levels
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This volume contains a complete systematic treatment of the flowering plant order Asterales, comprising 12 families with ca. 1,720 genera and about 26,300 species. The order includes Compositae as the largest family of flowering plants. Based on traditional studies, several of the constituent families have long been recognized as being closely interrelated whereas the more recent inclusion particularly of Alseuosmiaceae, Argophyllaceae, Carpodetaceae, Phellinaceae and Rousseaceae is the result mainly of new advances in molecular systematics research. Identification keys are provided for all families and genera, and likely phylogenetic relationships are discussed extensively. The wealth of information contained in this volume makes it an indispensable source for all working in the fields of pure and applied plant
sciences
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Invasive plants have an impact on global biodiversity and ecosystem function, and their management is a complex task.
The aim of this book is to discuss fundamental questions of invasion ecology, such as why particular communities become more invasible than others, what the mechanisms of exclusion of native species by invaders are, and whether invasion can be predicted.
In addition, agricultural practices influencing invasion, the environmental and economic costs of invasion as well as possible management strategies are discussed. Readers will get a unique perspective on invasion ecology through employing general principles of ecology to plant invasions
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This book is based on invited and selected offered papers-suitably revised and updated-from the 7th International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar held at Hokkaido University, Japan, in July 2004. These papers present the latest research findings on plant freezing and chilling stress from major
laboratories around the world. They focus on various aspects of molecular genetics and in many cases the utilization of transgenic plants to further our understanding of plant cold hardiness at the molecular level
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An up-to-date treatment of the scientific and commercial aspects of this increasingly popular medicinal plant genus, this volume covers material written by tea tree specialists dealing with significant aspects of M. alternifolia, including botany, chemistry, cultivation, agronomy, processing, toxicology, bioactivity, uses and marketing. Cajuput (M. cajaputi), Niaouli (M. quinquenervia), and potentially commercial Melaleucas are also reviewed. The book will be of interest to all of those concerned with the study and use of medicinal and aromatic plants and provides a comprehensive and
contemporary overview of the status of tea tree.
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Saffron is an important spice of high economic value. Used as a dye, and in the cosmetic industry, some interesting medicinal properties have recently been attributed to this genus. The book covers the research on the cultivation and genetic improvement of Saffron and all aspects on the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and cultivation of the species.
For two decades saffron specialists explored methods of improving its cultivation in the field and also in vitro. This research has resulted in a comprehensive and contemporary overview of saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) which will be of great interest to all concerned with the study and use of spices and medicinal plants.
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Microbiology, Fifth Edition
Author: Lansing M. Prescott
Product Details
1147 pages
Format: 150 MB PDF
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الكتاب اساسيات الميكروبيولجي كويس جدا للطلبه قبل ماتدخل في العمق

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الكتاب دة الميكروبيولجيا التطبيقيه العملي جميل خالص للطلبه وانا كمان هوريك الكونتينت ليه قبل ماتنزله هتسعد بيه جدا ان شاء الله
Contents

Basic Techniques of Microbiology
Orientation to the Microbiology Laboratory
The Microscope
Handling and Examining Cultures
Microsopic Morphology of Microorganisms
Hanging-Drop and Wet-Mount Preparations
Simple Stains
Differential Stains
ram Stain
Acid-Fast Stain
Special Stains
Cultivation of Mircroorganisms
Culture Media
Streaking Technique to Obtain Pure Cultures
Pour-Plate and Subculture Techniques
Culturing Microorganisms from the Environment
Destruction of Microorganisms
Physical Antimicrobial Agents
Moist and Dry Heat
The Autoclave
Chemical Antimicrobial Agents
Disinfectants
Antimicrobial Agent Susceptibility Testing and Resistance
Diagnostic Microbiology in Action
Principles of Diagnostic Microbiology: Culture of Clinical
Specimens, Identifying Isolated Microorganisms, Antigen
Detection and Nucleic Acid Assays
Primary Media for Isolation of Microorganisms
Some Metabolic Activities of Bacteria
Activities of Bacterial Enzymes
Principles of Antigen Detection and Nucleic Acid Assays
for Detection and Identification of Microorganisms
Microbiology of the Respiratory Tract
Staphylococci
Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Enterococci
Haemophilus, Corynebacteria, and Bordetella
Clinical Specimens from the Respiratory Tract
Microbiology of the Intestinal Tract
The Enterobacteriaceae
Clinical Specimens from the Intestinal Tract
Microbiology of the Urinary and Genital tracts
Urine Culture Techniques
Neisseria and Spirochetes
Microbial Pathogens Requiring Special Laboratory
Techniques; Serological Identification of Patients'
Antibodies
Anaerobic Bacteria
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasmas, Rickettsiae, Chlamydiae, Viruses, and Prions
Fungi: Yeasts and Molds
Protozoa and Animal Parasites
Serological Identification of Patients' Antibodies
Applied (Sanitary) Microbiology
Bacteriologic Analysis of Water
Bacteriologic Analysis of Milk

This new edition of a successful text, originally published in 1992, has been thoroughly revised and updated to include recent advances. In addition, new chapters have been introduced to ensure comprehensive coverage of all aspects of seed ecology. These include evolutionary ecology of seed size, the roles of fire and of gaps in regeneration and seedling colonization. Chapters are written by internationally acknowledged experts to give a comprehensive overview of all aspects of seed ecology which will be invaluable to advanced students and researchers in seed science and plant ecology
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The compounds making up the dry weight of seeds play a major role in determining the nutritional quality, and ultimately the uses of the economic value of the seed. The carbohydrate fraction can be divided into starch fibre and soluble carbohydrates. This book covers the chemistry, nutritional value, physiology, processing and breeding/biotechnology of carbohydrates in grain legume seeds. There is currently no book available which covers the strategies for improving carbohydrates in grain legumes which takes into account both nutritional and agricultural requirements. This books fills that gap
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Agrochemical products and adjuvants are of vital importance in agriculture, to protect food and fibre crops from weeds, insect pests and diseases, in order to feed and clothe the growing world population. In recent years there have been increasing pressures to produce agrochemical formulations which have a lower environmental impact and are safer in use. Enormous changes have taken place in the chemistry and technology of agrochemicals over the last twenty years or so and this book provides a timely review of the most important area of technology in the development of new products. This book covers issues around international product quality and safety standards and describes the current and likely future trends which will carry the industry forward into the next millennium. It brings together well known international experts with many years of practical experience from agrochemical companies, consultancies, academic institutions and regulatory bodies. Chemists and technologists involved in developing new or improved agrochemical formulations will find this book an essential reference in the course of their work. The book will also be of interest to those working in research and development departments of raw material suppliers, as a concise review of this important field.
General Contents:
Review of Major Agrochemical Classes and Uses
- Future Needs
- World Markets, 1996
- Sales by Category, 1995
- Sales by Crop, 1995
- Sales by Region, 1995
- Herbicides
- Insecticides
- Fungicides
- Plant Growth Regulators
- Biological Screening: Discovery and Development of a New Agrochemical
Formulation of Agrochemicals
- Conventional Formulations
- New-Generation Formulations
- Surfactants for Agrochemicals
- Other Formulation Additives
Water-Dispersible Granules
- Manufacturing Methods
- Physical Properties
- Design: Modern Methods
Recent Developments on Safer Formulations of Agrochemicals
- Liquid Formulations
- Controlled-Release Formulations
- Water-Soluble Packaging
- Dry Products (Water-Dispersible Granules)
- Adjuvants
- Other Formulation Types
- Summary and Future Possibilities
Agrochemical Formulations Using Natural Lignin Products
- Wettable Powders (WP)
- Water-Dispersible Granules (WG)
- Suspension Concentrates (SC)
- Oil-In-Water Emulsions (EW)
- Controlled Release
- Ultraviolet Protection
- Compatibility Agents
- Adjuvants
- Complexing Agents
- Environmental and Regulatory Information
Novel Surfactants and Adjuvants for Agrochemicals
- Polymeric Surfactants and Stability
- Trends Towards Environmentally Safer Surfactants
- Enhancing Biological Activity Using Adjuvants
Improving Agrochemical Performance: Possible Mechanisms for Adjuvancy
- Chemical Composition of Adjuvants
- Mechanistic Approaches for Investigating Adjuvancy
- Future Prospects
Packaging of Agrochemicals
- Selection of Packaging Types
- Closures
- Labelling
- Shelf Life
- Pack Design with Regard to Easy Rising and Disposal
- Types of Secondary Packaging
- United Nations Performance Tests
- Rinsing Methods
- Closed Transfer Systems
- Collection of Containers after use
- Summary of Key Design Criteria
- Returnable Packaging Systems
- ECPA Standard SVR Interface
- Future Direction
Application Techniques for Agrochemicals
- Hydraulic Nozzles
- Portable Sprayers
- Tractor Sprayers
- Aerial Application
- ULV and CDA Ground Application
- Fogs, Mists and Aerosols
- Electrostatically Charged Applications
- Chemigation
- Granule, Dust and Seed Treatments
- Miscellaneous
- Standards
Regulatory Requirements in the European Union
- Some Basic Features of 91/414/EEC
- Overview of Authorizations
- Data Requirements
- Dossier Preparation
- Inclusion of Active Substances in Annex I of 91/414/EEC
- Authorization of Plant Protection Products
- Transitional Measures and the Review Programme
- Adjuvants
Regulatory Requirements in the USA
- Federal Pesticide Laws
- EPA Office of Pesticide Programs
- Product Registration: Obtaining a License to Sell
- Registration and Tolerance Data Requirements
- Data Evaluation
- Data Protection and Compensation
- Reregistration and Product Defense
- Product Labeling
- State Registration Requirements
- Conclusions
Waste Management and Disposal of Agrochemicals
- Site Management Responsibilities
- Waste Minimization
- Waste Types
- Waste Handling
- Documentation and Records
- Waste Disposal
- Treatment and Disposal of Aqueous Effluents Arising from Formulation and Packaging of Agrochemical Products
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Understanding phytochemical-gene interactions provides the basis for individualized therapies to promote health as well as prevent and treat disease. The authors of Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions examine the interactions between phytochemicals and the human genome and discuss the impact these interactions have on health, aging, and chronic conditions such as inflammation, heart disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Keeping pace with the most important trends in phytochemical research, the authors accentuate the latest understanding on the use of controlled clinical trials, new screening technologies, and the completed human genome project for researching the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of phytochemicals. The book covers a balanced range of topics beginning with experimental strategies and methodologies for identifying significant interactions between diet, genetic variants, and different markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and obesity. Different authors explain the mechanisms of protective action that link diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, unsaturated fats, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains with a decreased risk of chronic and degenerative diseases. They also review and summarize epidemiological research on plant-based foods and dietary patterns supporting the beneficial role of phytochemicals in health promotion and disease prevention. Phytochemicals: Nutrient-Gene Interactions illustrates the growing role of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics in disease prevention and in the responsible development of safe and effective phytochemical products within the food, pharmaceutical, and supplement industries.
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Tropical mycology is attracting increasing interest, as the key role of fungi in tropical ecosystems and as pathogens becomes appreciated. This book is the first of two complementary volumes (Volume 2 covers Micromycetes) produced from papers given at the British Mycological Society's symposium held in Liverpool in April 2000. It describes the ecology, biology, economic dimensions and systematics of tropical Macromycetes. Written by leading experts in their field, the papers have been thoroughly edited and revised.
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Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods presents state-of-the-art discussions in modern genetics and genetic engineering. Recent volumes have covered gene therapy research, genetic mapping, plant science and technology, transport protein biochemistry, and viral vectors in gene therapy, among many other topics.
Key features of Volume 27 include:
- Identification and Analysis of Micrornas
- Dormancy and the Cell Cycle
- Long distance peptide and metal transport in plants
- Signaling in plant response to temperature and water stresses
- Nutrient transport and metabolism in plants
- Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance
- Gene cloning and expression
- Assisted folding and assembly of proteins
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This is the most authoritave, reliable, and safe technique available today, not to mention the economical feasibility. Wether your a scholar studying the pharmacological and cross-culture use of hallucinogens, or a 18 year old, this book explains the process of growing mycelium with potent psilocybin in easy to follow steps with descriptive pictures. The toxicity of psilocybin, the main alkaloid in the psychedelic mushroom also known as Stropharia Cubensis (this books goes by that strain) is 200, that is L.D. 200 in other words, 200 times the effective dose approaches toxicity, So in other words, in pharmacological terms, these substances are harmless, since you cant even ingest that much. This book does state that in fairly technical terms, in a section separate from the main. Mushroom use in ancient civilizations has been in use for thousands of years, the knowledge, unparalleled in the sense of human understanding upon subjects which otherwise with go without. What psychedelics ultimately do is they dissolve boundaries, and in the presence of dissolved boundaries, one cannot continue to close ones eyes to the ruination of the earth, positing of the seas, and 2000 years of unchallenged dominator culture, based on monotheism, hatred of nature, suppression of the female, so forth and so on. You have a godlike understanding to learn and assimilate new information, the kind of experience you have when looking over a landscape from the air, when previously only viewed from the ground. This book while eloquently outlining this in the introduction primarily focuses on growing the mycelium, in which it does flawlessly. In the process of growing mycelium, you have to have very sterile conditions, and this book stresses contamination, while other books don't emphasize that, which I find a problem. While this book gives you a list of tools, which are easily bought in any town or on the internet for a reasonable low price (Excluding the pressure cooker) it also gives you a sense of understanding for the process as a whole, which gives this process specifically a tint of art, because it is, in and of itself an art. It would be recommended to have at least a college level of English, and college level chemistry wouldn't hurt as well. These substances can show you what has never been seen before, and never will be seen by any human ever again. Our culture is in a ridiculous position in relation with these substances, and in reading this book one becomes more familiar to the properties and uses, preparation and dosage alike, so one doesn't have a culturally sanctioned basises toward something which he/she had no prior knowledge. This book, written by Terence & Dennis McKenna, however written under the name Oss and Oeric, are the foremost spokesperson's for the psychedelic experience, among other things, and are literary geniuses (in the purest definition) whose knowledge is unparalleled as well. If your interested more on the fascinating subject of psychedelics, Refer to Terence McKenna's Food of the Gods, Invisible Landscape, Archaic Revival; Rupert Sheldrake, Ralph Abraham, Ralph Metzner, Gordon Wasson, Albert Hoffman, Peter Furst, Aldoux Huxley, William Blake, Roger Heim, A Hoffer, H Osmund, Mircea Eliade, Richard E. Shultes, Dennis Mckenna, Snyder Solomon, Michael Harner, Marlene Dobkin, David Aberle, im sure there are many many others however those are some of my favorites.
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بخصوص المشروم
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Plants play a key role in purifying the biosphere of the toxic effects of industrial activity. This book shows how systematic application of the results of investigations into the metabolism of xenobiotics (foreign, often toxic substances) in plants could make a vastly increased contribution to planetary well-being. Deep physiological knowledge gained from an accumulation of experimental data enables the great differences between the detoxifying abilities of different plants for compounds of different chemical nature to be optimally exploited. Hence planting could be far more systematically adapted to actual environmental needs than is actually the case at present. The book could form the basis of specialist courses in universities and polytechnics devoted to environmental management, and advanced courses in plant physiology and biochemistry, for botany and integrative biology students. Fundamental plant physiology and biochemistry from the molecular level to whole plants and ecosystems are interwoven in a
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هل تتمنى أن تكون من العلماء؟

2011-12-30T09:46:00.001-08:00

كلٌ منا يتمنى أن يكون عالماً عاملاً، وخطيباً مفوهاً، وقدوة حسنة، وإماماً في كل خير؛ وحُق للعبد تلك الأماني السامية عندما يطرق سمعه قول الله - تعالى-: ((ومن أحسن قولاً ممن دعا إلى الله وعمل صالحاً وقال إنني من المسلمين ))[سورة فصلت أية 33]، وتزداد تلك الرغبة عندما يتذكر قول الرسول - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (العلماء ورثة الأنبياء)، وقوله: (لئن يهدي الله بك رجلاً واحداً خير لك من حمر النعم)[رواه مسلم]، وتبلغ تلك الأمينة أقصاها عندما يبلغه قول المصطفى الهادي بإذن ربه إلى صراط مستقيم: (من دعا إلى هدى كان له من الأجر مثل أجور من تبعه لا ينقص ذلك من أجورهم شيئاً)[رواه مسلم] قال ابن كثير - رحمه الله تعالى - في تفسيره: (( ومن أحسن قولاً ممن دعا إلى الله )): "أي دعا عباد الله إليه، (( وعمل صالحاً وقال إنني من المسلمين )): أي هو في نفسه مهتد بما يقوله فنفعه لنفسه ولغيره لازم ومتعد، وليس هو من الذين يأمرون بالمعروف ولا يأتونه، وينهون عن المنكر ويأتونه، بل يأتمر بالخير ويترك الشر، ويدعو الخلق إلى الخالق - تبارك وتعالى - وهذه عامة في كل من دعا إلى خير وهو في نفسه مهتد، ورسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - أولى الناس بذلك"[تفسير القرآن العظيم 4/126].

والعبد إذ يتمنى ذلك ليس هدفه أن يُشار إليه بالبنان، ولا ليستجديَ العطف والإحسان، بل هي الرغبة الصادقة في الآخرة، وابتغاء وجه الله - عز وجل - مستصحباً معه قول الرسول الكريم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - متوعداًً المرائيين، ومحذراًً الذين يريدون بعلمهم الدنيا : (أول من تسعر بهم النار يوم القيامة ثلاثة - وذكر منهم - رجلاً تعلم العلم ليقال عالم وقارئ فيؤمر به فيسحب على وجهه إلى النار )[أخرجه الترمذي]، (من تعلم علماً مما يبتغى به وجه الله لا يتعلمه إلا ليصيب به عرضاً من الدنيا لم يجد عرف الجنة - يعني ريحها - يوم القيامة)[رواه أحمد].

لقد مدح الله - تعالى- العلم والعلماءـ وأثنى عليهم ثناءً ينفض عن الكسالى غبار الكسل، ويطمع الزاهدين فيه لتحصيله، ويحث العلماء على طلب المزيد منه (( وقل رب زدني علماً ))، والنصوص في ذلك كثيرة حسبنا منها قول الله - عز وجل -: (( إنما يخشى اللهَ من عباده العلماءُ )) قال السعدي - رحمه الله - عند هذه الآية: "فكل مَنْ كان بالله أعلم كان أكثر له خشية، وأوجبت له خشية الله الانكفاف عن المعاصي، والاستعداد للقاء مَنْ يخشاه، وهذا دليل على فضيلة العلم، فإنه داع إلى خشية الله، وأهل خشيته هم أهل كرامته كما قال - تعالى-: ((رضي الله عنهم ورضوا عنه ذلك لمن خشي ربه))" فالعلماء هم أهل خشية الله - تعالى-، وكفى بالخشية خصلة فقد أخبر الله - عز وجل - عن الملائكة بأنهم: ((يخشون ربهم من فوقهم ويفعلون ما يؤمرون))، وقال في وصف الأنبياء والمرسلين والمتقين: (( إنهم كانوا يسارعون في الخيرات ويدعوننا رغباً ورهباً ))[سورة الأنبياء: 90]، وقال: (( إن الذين هم من خشية ربهم مشفقون))[سورة المؤمنون: 57]، وبالجملة فالخشية هي التي تدفع العبد لفعل الطاعات، وتزجره عن المعاصي والسيئات، وتورثه - بإذن الله - أعلى الجنات، فمن رغب - بعد سماع النصوص المرغبة في العلم - عنه فليبكِ على نفسه، وينوح عليها، وليرفع يديه إلى مولاه قائلاً : (اللهم إني أسألك علماً نافعاً)[رواه ابن السني] كما كان يدعو رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -.

إن شغلك طلب الرزق، وألهتك معايشك عن تحصيل العلم؛ رغم نيتك الصادقة في أن تلحق بركب العلماء فتذكر قول رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - مسلياً نفسك؛ وهو يخبر عن رجل عالم وآخر يتمنى أن يكون له مثل علمه فقال - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (ورجل آتاه الله الحكمة فهو يقضي بها فيقول: يا ليت لي مثل علمه لعملت مثله، قال: فهم في الأجر سواء)، فانظر كيف كانوا في الأجر سواء لأن الأمر كما أخبر النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (إنما الأعمال بالنيات)، وهذا فضل الكريم الواسع ذو الفضل العظيم الذي لو أعطى عباده كلهم سؤلهم ما نقص ذلك من ملكه شيئاً، إنما هي نية صادقة من قلب سليم مخلص، وهذه النية لا تغنيك عن طلب العلم، بل سعيك في طلب العلم هو تصديق لتلك النية، عسى الله أن يفتح علينا من علمه، ويفيض علينا من بركاته.

تنبيه مهم: على العبد أن يعلم أنه لا بد له من تعلم الفقه الذي هو فرض عين وهو "معرفة معنى الشهادتين ومقتضاهما وما يناقضهما، ومعرفة أصول العقيدة الإسلامية؛ إذ العقيدة هي الفقه الأكبر، ومعرفة ما تصح به عبادة المرء من أحكام الطهارة والصلاة إجمالاً، وأحكام الزكاة إن كان عنده ما يزكيه، ومعرفة أحكام المعاملات ما يحل منها وما يحرم إن كان له تجارة حتى لا يقع في الحرام، لقوله - عليه الصلاة والسلام -: (طلب العلم فريضة على كل مسلم)[رواه الطبراني في الأوسط والكبير]"، وإن قعدت بنا ذنوبنا عن تحصيل العلم لأن: (العبد يحرم الرزق بالذنب يصيبه) فكيف بالعلم الذي هو سبب حياة القلب في الدنيا وسلامته الآخرة؛ فلنتب إلى الله - عز وجل -، وإن لم نكن علماء فلنكن متعلمين، وليسلم إخواننا وعلماءنا من ألسنتنا كما قال أحد السلف: "كن عالماً أو متعلماً ولا تكن الثالث فتهلك".

إنّ دلالة الناس على الخير الذي من أعظمه العلم - بل هو الخير كله -، هذه الدلالة على العلم من أفضل القربات، وأعظم الطاعات، وأسهل سبيل لتحصيل الحسنات من عدة جهات في وقت واحد: فيأتيك أجر صائم وقائم، ومتصدق وعابد كنت أنت السبب في دلالتهم على الخير، وهدايتهم إليه، قال رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم -: (من دل على خير فله مثل أجر فاعله)[رواه مسلم]، فلعلك ترشد عبداً من عباد الله إلى عالم ليصحبه، أو لدرس شيخ، أو تحثه على طلب العلم بأي وسيلة فيصبح عالماً صالحاً يأتي عمله هو ومن تبعه في ميزان حسناتك من غير أي نقص في أجورهم، وأمثلة الدلالة على الخير كثيرة تتعجب منها، ولعل قصة الإمام الذهبي - العالم المشهور - من تلكم الأعاجيب:
أنّ أحد مشايخه رأى خطه فقال له: إنّ خطك يشبه خط المحدثين، قال: فوقع حب الحديث في قلبي، وصدق الرسول الكريم - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حين قال: (وإن الرجل ليتكلم من رضوان الله - عز وجل - ما يظن أن تبلغ ما بلغت يكتب الله - عز وجل - له بها رضوانه إلى يوم القيامة)[أخرجه أحمد].

كاتب المقال: عبد العليم صديق

المصدر: المختار الإسلامي

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Publication Date: 2007-06-20
Following in the footsteps of the successful first edition, Functional Plant Ecology, Second Edition remains the most authoritative resource in this multidisciplinary field. Extensively revised and updated, this book investigates plant structure and behavior across the ecological spectrum. It features the ecology and evolution of plant crowns and addresses approaches to generalization in functional plant ecology, including the species-sampling problem, plant ecology strategy schemes, and phylogeny. The book follows a bottom-up approach, from the more specific, detailed studies focusing on plant organs to the broadest ecosystem approaches. It offers the latest findings and research breakthroughs in plant ecology, as well as consideration of classic topics in environmental science and ecology. A wide-ranging compendium, the book investigates plant structure and behavior across the ecological spectrum, from the leaf to the ecosystem levels
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Biological Invasions assembles detailed information on components of the invasive-species problem from six continents. This volume reconfirms the diverse and unpredictable roles that non-native species assume as they invade new ecosystems: destruction of vital crops and forests, major damages to ecosystems leading to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water loss. In addition, it covers the impact of disease organisms on human health and livestock. Information is provided on how the non-native species invade new ecosystems and the subsequent environmental effects of these invading species. Wherever possible, estimates on the economic impacts of
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A major challenge of the 21st Century will be to ensure sufficient global food production to cope with the burgeoning world population. Soils, Land and Food is a short text aimed at undergraduates, graduates, agricultural scientists and policy makers which describes how the use of technology in soil management can increase and sustain agricultural production. The book leads the reader through the development of techniques of land management and discusses reasons why some agricultural projects have succeeded while others have failed. It shows how surveying and protecting soils before new land is brought into cultivation, raising soil fertility, increasing inputs and improving economic conditions can all help to increase food production. Particular emphasis is placed on the need for both economic change and technological intervention in developing countries where, in many cases, food production will need to more than double in the next fifty years
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Highlighting effective, analytical functions that have been found useful for the comparison of alternative management techniques to maximize water and nutrient resources, this reference describes the application of viable mathematical models in data analysis to increase crop growth and yields. Featuring solutions to various differential equations, the book covers the characteristics of the functions related to the phenomenological growth model. Including more than 1300 literature citations, display equations, tables, and figures and outlining an approach to mathematical crop modeling, Mathematical Models of Crop Growth and Yield will prove an invaluable resource
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The idea that living things and the atmosphere, oceans, and soils comprise an interactive, self-regulating system -- the Gaia concept -- was first proposed nearly thirty years ago. Since then researchers have been seeking new connections between life and the global environment. David Schwartzman contributes to that search by examining how the Earth's biosphere regulates itself over geologic time. Emphasizing long-term geologic trends -- not the short-term perturbations that have received so much media attention (e.g., the so-called greenhouse effect), the author presents and elucidates his theory of biospheric evolution.
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Two methods of agriculture

2011-12-30T09:42:00.001-08:00

1 - Agriculture in the ground Standing - This method is used when doing grain growing big job by the work of the crater mid-depth or depth is as far as the size of the seed and place seed and buried and then irrigated for 3 consecutive days and left to grow and if we want to speed up the growth we Bnqaha in water before planting 24 hour or by the manner appropriate to the type of plant.
The benefits of soaking (soaking seeds)
1 - soften the crust of Interior
2 - the process of breaking the silence by stimulating the secretion of enzymes
3 - full seed, which helps to crack the outer shell has
4 - the entry of air dissolved with water to the fetus, which means the baby breathing and the beginning of growth
Therefore prefer to soak the seeds, especially with a crust of solid and rigid, such as almonds.
2 - Agriculture in the nursery
Its benefits ....1 - early agriculture
2 - the economy in the ground
3 - land use in the cultivation of other plants until the growth of seedlings.
4 - Ease of Ajraoualamilit from agricultural irrigation and fertilization.
5 - Ease of resistance to pests and note the speed of the disease.
6 - seedlings the same age and height.
7 - taking the control seedlings and powerful of them all
8 - no need for the process of individualization.
How to grow in dishes of agriculture?
So easy ... 1 - We Straighten a layer of compost into the dish agricultural agricultural
2 - We presses the soil and then put the seeds in the right direction and some of them in any direction, such as seeds, pepper and tomatoes.
3 - cover seeds with soil compost simple push of a
4 - Re seed for 3 days in a row with a quantity of the pesticide in the water Konfedor once to sterilize the soil and seeds
5 - and place them in a luminous and far from direct sunlight
6 - monitored on a daily basis with irrigated shower in the form of spray until the completion of growth
Before transfer to the earth we do the permanent hardening (hardening of seedlings).

1- الزراعة في الارض الدائمة - وتستخدم هذه الطريقة عند القيام بزراعة الحبوب الكبيرة فنقوم بعمل حفرة متوسطة العمق او يكون العمق بقدر حجم البذرة وتوضع البذرة وتدفن ثم تروى لمدة 3 ايام متواصلة وتترك حتى تنمو واذا اردنا الاسراع فى النمو نقوم بنقعها في الماء قبل الزراعة 24 ساعة او حسب الطريقة المناسبة لنوع لنبات .

فوائد النقع ( نقع البذور )

1- تلين القشرة الداخلية

2- كسر طور السكون بتحفيز الانزيمات على الافراز

3- امتلاء البذرة مما يساعد على تشقق الغلاف الخارجي لها

4- دخول الهواء المذاب بالماء الى الجنين مما يعني تنفس الجنين وبداية النمو

لذلك يفضل نقع البذور خصوصا ذات القشور الصلبة والمتحجرة مثل اللوزيات.

2- الزراعة في المشتل

فوائدها....
1- التبكير في الزراعة

2- الاقتصاد في الارض

3- استغلال الارض في زراعة نباتات اخرى حتى نمو الشتلات.

4- سهولة اجراءالعمليات الزراعية عليها من ري وتسميد.

5- سهولة مقاومة الافات وسرعة ملاحظة المرض.

6- اشتال بنفس العمر والطول.

7- مراقبة الاشتال واخذ القوية فقط منها

8- عدم الحاجة لعملية التفريد.

كيف نزرع في الاطباق الزراعية؟

العملية سهلة ...1- نقوم بفرد طبقة من الكمبوست الزراعي داخل الطبق الزراعي

2- نقوم بكبس التربة ثم وضع البذور بالاتجاه السليم وبعضها باي اتجاه مثل بذور الفلفل والبندورة .

3- نغطي البذور بتربة الكمبوست مع كبسة بسيطة

4- ري البذور لمدة 3 ايام على التوالي مع وضع كمية من مبيد كونفيدور في الماء لمرة واحدة لتعقيم التربة والبذور

5- وضعها في مكان مضيئ وبعيد عن اشعة الشمس المباشرة

6- مراقبتها بشكل يومي مع ريها بدش على شكل رذاذ لحين اكتمال نموها

وقبل نقلها الى الارض الدائمة نقوم بعملية التقسية ( تقسية الشتلات).

Diaz v Cerrone Staredown - UFC 141 PC

2011-12-30T09:35:00.001-08:00

Dramatic staredown at today's UFC 141 Pre Fight Press Conference.

RICHARD NIXON WAS GAY ACCORDING TO NEW BOOK

2011-12-30T09:33:00.001-08:00

Ocean Marketing FAIL

2011-12-30T09:32:00.001-08:00

LeBron James dunks off Gerald Henderson's head: Miami Heat at Charlotte Bobcats

2011-12-30T09:31:00.001-08:00

Miami Heat forward LeBron James dunks the ball off Charlotte Bobcats forward Gerald Henderson's head through the hoop. The referees did not count the basket.

50 Cent - "Nah Nah Nah" feat. Tony Yayo (Official Music Video)

2011-12-30T09:30:00.001-08:00

New music video by 50 Cent performing his new song, "Nah Nah Nah"

Off of The Big 10, mixtape available for free download

50 Cent - Nah Nah Nah feat. Tony Yayo (Official Music Video)

50 Cent - Nah Nah Nah feat. Tony Yayo (Official Music Video)

50 Cent - Nah Nah Nah feat. Tony Yayo (Official Music Video)

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LITERAL The Hobbit Trailer

2011-12-30T09:28:00.001-08:00

ANTENA3.COM - Remedios Cervantes hace perder 5.000€ a un concursante de Atrapa un millón

2011-12-30T09:27:00.001-08:00

Remedios Cervantes en un impulso repentino cambia la opción seleccionada por el concursante ante el estupor de Carlos Sobera. Esa decisión le hace perder 5.000 a Mario el concursante de Atrapa un millón.Más info en www.antena3.com ANTENA3.COM - Remedios Cervantes hace perder 5.000€ a un concursante de Atrapa un millón

Champion Spotlight: Viktor, the Machine Herald

2011-12-30T09:26:00.001-08:00

Welcome to the Viktor Champion Spotlight, summoners! Viktor's gameplay revolves around the choices you make. Using his passive, named "Evolving Technology," you'll enjoy strategic options never before available in League of Legends. Evolving Technology manifests as a special item called the "Hex Core" that only Viktor can use and changes from game to game. Grant yourself a speed boost, bonus range or extra damage each game to give your team the edge it needs to emerge victorious on the Fields of Justice. If the ability to modify your champion during the game is right up your alley, take a look at the Viktor Champion Spotlight!