water closet concept

7 Tips for Buying a New Toilet

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Sun, 06 Jan 2008 08:54:00 +0000

It’s easy to get excited about designer sinks, clawfoot tubs, and steam showers when you’re redesigning your bathroom. Most contractors and homeowners pay a great deal of attention to these fixtures: their design can make a big difference in function, and extras can give your bathroom a feeling of luxury.

But even though it’s the most often-used fixture in the bathroom, most redesigners don’t give a lot of thought to one feature: the humble toilet. The one you choose can make a difference, however. Read on for seven things to consider when buying a new toilet.

One-piece vs. two-piece. Most toilets come in two different designs: the one-piece and the two-piece, or close-coupled toilet. Close-coupled toilets are the most common, and tend to be the cheaper type. These employ an attached but separate tank and bowl. One-piece toilets have a tank built into the back of the bowl. These tend to be easier to clean, because there’s no small gap between the tank and the bowl. However, they’re usually more expensive. One-piece models have a lower profile than close-coupled toilets, and some redesigners like the more compact profile.

Seat shape and size. Toilet bowls come in either round or elongated models. Elongated seats are generally about two inches longer, and provide a bit more surface area—making the toilet a bit more comfortable than the round variety. Round toilets are smaller, and better for tight spaces. If you have the space for it, however, you may appreciate the comfort of an elongated bowl.

The flush system. Most toilets operate on a gravity flush system. These rely on the pressure of water in the tank as well as the weight of the water in the bowl to force water and waste into the pipes. Old-fashioned toilets with wall-mounted tanks relied on the height of the tank to increase the head pressure. Gravity-flush toilets are the most common and least expensive type.

Pressure-assisted flushing mechanisms, however, are gaining in popularity. These incorporate a cylinder of pressurized air inside the toilet tank to provide force to the flushing mechanism. These types of toilets typically have a loud, forceful flush, and are often used in commercial bathrooms.

Some cutting-edge toilet manufacturers offer dual-flush toilets that can help you save water. These offer a “half flush” for liquid waste and a “full flush” for solid waste. This lets you adjust the amount of water you use for lighter or heavier loads.

The trapway. The trapway is the part of the toilet through which water and waste exit. The larger the trapway, the better. A larger trapway allows for better flushing action and less risk of clogs. In addition, when you’re in the store, be sure to ask if a toilet’s trapway is fully glazed. A fully glazed trapway has a smoother surface. It can improve flushing performance and make the bowl easier to clean.

Toilet height. Toilets come in many different sizes and heights. If there are any senior citizens living in your home, they may find a higher toilet to be more comfortable—they won’t have to lower themselves as far to sit down on it. If you have young children, you may want to consider a shorter toilet so they can access it more easily.

Attachment method. Whether you choose a floor-mounted or wall-mounted toilet will depend on the plumbing in your bathroom. The drain line in your bathroom is the pipe that takes the water and waste from your toilet bowl to the sewer or septic tank, and this can be either a floor-discharge or wall-discharge design. If you have a floor-discharge drain line, your toilet will need to be bolted to the floor. A wall-discharge drain line requires a wall-mounted toilet. You can find both gravity and pressure-assisted toilets in both designs.

Extra features. There are many extra features that can make a toilet more sanitary and luxurious. These include heated seats; motorized seats that lower automatically; ceramic glazes that make the toilet largely antibacterial; built-in bidet and drying features; insulation that prevents condensation on the outside of the bowl; and more.

The toilet may not be the most glamorous item in your bathroom, but it’s one of the most necessary. Take your time when choosing a toilet. Be sure to measure the distance between the wall and the drain line opening, if you have a floor-discharge drain line. With a wall-discharge drain line, measure the distance between the floor and the drain line. With these measurements, you can be sure to find the right toilet for your bathroom.

8 Easy Steps to Find Your Perfect Toilet

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Fri, 04 Jan 2008 04:52:00 +0000

Maybe you're building a house, or you're remodeling. If you're like most folks, the toilet probably does not rate very high on your list of priorities. Still, the toilet is a key piece of a comfortable, modern, well-functioning home. Following a few straightforward steps can help you find a toilet that is right for you, both functionally and aesthetically. Remember, alltoilets are not built the same!

Step by step now, let's examine:

1. The shape of the toilet bowl: The main choices here are an elongated bowl and a round front bowl. The round front tends to be two inches shorter, and works well for smaller spaces. The larger elongated front is more comfortable and sanitary, since there is less drip on the toilet.

2. The toilet size: There are lots of choices, with different lengths, widths and heights. Make sure you measure the space available for the toilet to ensure a comfortable fit. You also need to consider the rough-in space, which is how far the centerof the toilet bowl is from the finished wall, since this limits the size of the toilet.

3. The size of the toilet trapway: The trap way is that part of the toilet that through which the water and waste exit. The minimum standard allows waste with a diameter of 1 ? inches to pass through. You may want to consider looking at a larger trapway to minimize clogging problems.

4. The flushing system: In the US, by law all toilets must have a 1.6 gallon tank to conserve water. However, you do still have some choices.

? In gravity fed toilets, the weight of the water from the tank pushes the waste through an S shaped trap way, as the siphon that is created empties the bowl.

? With pressure assisted toilets, air in the tank is compressed as it fills with water. When flushing, the pressurized air pushes the water more strongly into the bowl, resulting in a better flush. Disadvantages, though, include greater noise, expense and difficulty of repairing.

5. One or two piece toilets: Two piece toilets are more common and inexpensively priced, and have a separate tank and bowl which are connected when the toilet is installed. One piece toilets have 5 or six parts that are seamlessly connected into one piece. They tend to more stylish, more expensive, easier to clean, and smaller, making them ideal for smaller spaces.

6. Maintenance features: Some toilets have features designed to make it easier to take care of them. For instance, Toto, an innovative Japanese manufacturer, has SanaGloss, a ceramic glaze which prevents bacteria and mold buildup, making the toilet easy to clean. American Standard has its EasyClean feature. Kohler has an insulated liner for some of its toilet lines, preventing moisture build-up on the outside of the tank due to condensation.

7. Appearance: while a toilet needs to work well, it also needs to look good in your bathroom. Fortunately, today's toilets come in a huge selection of colors and sizes. Bear mind, though, that choosing a color other than white can significantly add to the toilet's price. One approach you may to consider is to choose a toilet that is part of a bathroom suite, thus ensuring that are the fixtures are in harmony.

8. Other features: High end toilets may come with heated seats, warm air drying systems and built-in bidets, such as the Toto Washlets. Kohler Comfort Height toilets have a higher seat, making sitting down and standing easier.

There, now you have 8 steps to finding the toilet that is right for you and your loved ones!

Be sure to visit our site for even more information.

apa itu "anti bacteria" dan nano teknologi?

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Wed, 14 Nov 2007 17:03:00 +0000

Pada masa ini , teknologi berkembang sangat pesat dan para saintis dan pengilang berlumba-lumba untuk melariskan barangan mereka.

Siapa yang menjadi mendahului dalam sesuatu penemuan selalunya akan lebih di percayai oleh pengguna.

..Oleh itu dalam bidang seramik perkakasan tandas,ianya telah pun bermula sekian lama juga

Adakah anda pernah mendengar tentang "anti bacteria" dan nano teknologi??...

PENJELASANYA; Nano teknologi merupakan bidang ilmu yang memfokuskan kaedah penyelesaian melalui unsur tersangat kecil dalam zarah seperti atom,ion,ataupun melokul.Apabila disebut NANO bermakna unsur yang berukuran nano (10 kuasa -8).Sebagai berbandingan 1mm adalah (10 kuasa -1). 8,0000000 kali lebih kecil dari 1mm.

Melalui unsur yang sangat kecil ini maka digunakan bagi menutup ruang besar yang terdapat pada seramik.Dalam perkara ini silver(perak) digunakan.

Apabila ruang sudah ditutup maka bacteria ataupun fungi(mempunyai size yang lebih besar) tidak boleh memasuki ruang-ruang yang telahpun ditutup.

gambaran permukaan seramik yang tidak ada diselaputi " silver"

nano silver di bawa masuk

bacteria yang berwarna coklat tidak dapat memasuki ruang yang telah ditutupi oleh nano silver

99.9% bacteria dihapuskan

WHO INVENTED TOILET

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Sat, 10 Nov 2007 07:19:00 +0000

They were the Bill Gates and Steve Jobs of their day. They were the ones who tinkered alone and envisioned a world well beyond the grasp of their contemporaries .
They were the toilet makers the men who understood with incomplete knowledge that there was a better way than chamber pots and open trenches, and set about finding it. They labored long hours, usually alone and for little reward. In some cases, there was no reward, just ridicule for an invention too far ahead of it's time.
The English Origins: There was a noble origin to the water closet in its earliest days. Sir John Harrington, godson to Queen Elizabeth, set about making a "necessary" for his godmother and himself in 1596. A rather accomplished inventor, Harrington ended his career with this invention, for he was ridiculed by his peers for this absurd device. He never built another one, though he and his godmother both used theirs. Left: Pneumatic closet manufactured by Henery Huber & Co. in 1884."Water entered from one side of the bowl and through the top at the same time, causing the bowl to flush.

Two hundred years passed before another tinker, Alexander Cummings, would reinvent Harrington's water closet. Cummings invented the Strap, a sliding valve between the bowl and the trap. It was the first of its kind. However, it didn't take long for others to follow Cummings lead. Two years later in 1777, Samuel Prosser applied for and received a patentfor a plunger closet. On his heels came Joseph Bramah, only one year later. His closet had a valve at the bottom of the bowl that worked on a hinge, a predecessor to the modern ballcock. Himself a bit of a sailor, Bramah's closet was used extensively on ships and boats of the era.
The master toilet maker among the Englishmen would emerge in the next decade. Thomas Twyford revolutionized the water closet business in 1885 when he built the first trapless toilet in a one-piece, all china design. A preeminent potter, Twyford competed against other notable business including Wedgwood and Moulton.
Twyford's design was unique in that it was of china, rather than the more common metal and wood contraptions. The internal workings of his water closet were the work of one the first pioneers of the "sanitary science." J. G. Jennings patented a washout closet in 1852. This unit had a shallow basin with a dished tray and water seal. The flush water drove the contents into the pan and then through the S-trap. It was a design the Twyford would refine and promote for the rest of the decade. Left: Cumming's valve closet, patented 1775.
On American Shores: The work of the English inventors didn't travel with settlers to the new world. The only item to make the journey was a chamber pot, so American inventors were on their own.
On their own, yes, but not very far behind. In fact water closet developments in the new world paralleled inventions in the mother country. First it was the conical - shaped hopper set in a lead trap that was placed under the floor. The pan closet came next. It improved on the previous model with an upper ceramic basin and a shallow copper pan with three to five inches at the base. A wash down closet flushed by a direct line from a storage tank hidden high above, usually in the attic.
The first Americans awarded a patent for a water closet are James T. Henry and William Campbell. In 1875 their plunger closet resembled some of the twin-basin water closets developed and derided in England. These units were less than sanitary and shunned by some of the industry's earliest pioneers.
From the late 1850s to the mid 1890s the number of patents granted for water closet designs grew as more and more inventors realized the potential market for an improved model. An American, John Randall Mann was granted a patent for his three-pipe siphonic closet in 1870. In 1876 William Smith earned his own for a jet siphon closet. This model caught the attention of the famous American sanitary engineer George Waring who developed it into larger pieces of sanitary ware, as it was then called.
Thomas Kennedy, another American improved on Mann's designed and patented a siphonic closet which required only two delivery pipes. One flushed the rim and the other started the siphon. Still further improvement occurred in 1890 with William Howell's water closet that eliminated the lower trap, but maintained the same superior function.
By the turn of the century water closet innovations were occurring on a nearly daily basis. The U.S.Patent Office received applications for 350 new water closet designs between 1900 and 1932. Two of the first granted in the new decade were to Charles Neff and Robert Frame. These New Englanders were the first to produce a siphonic wash-down closet that would become the norm in this country in later years.
Problems with the bowl design in Neff and Frame's unit were fixed 10 years later by Fred Adee. He redesigned the bowl, eliminating the messy overflows that sometimes occurred, and in doing so gave birth to production of the siphonic closet in America.
Some of the names of the other inventors who refined water closet design at this time have been lost, but their accomplishments have not. In the early 1900s patents were granted for the flushometer valve, a backflow preventer, a wall-mounted closet with a blow-out arrangement, a tank that rests on the bowl, and reverse trap toilets.
Modern Age Inventors: This isn't tosay there aren't inventors alive and working today who will be added to this list of who's who in the years to come. However,some of the modern day water closet wonders aren't plumbers or evenp lumbing engineers.They're scientists working on motors to create the "jet flush" toilet.
Engineers at the Emerson Motor Company in St. Louis have developed a 3.3 inch motor and a .2 horsepower pump that fits in a toilet tank to add speed and power to each flush. These motorized toilets incorporate a steeper bowl than other gravity style toilets to allow waste water to flow out easier. A slanted bowl and pressurized flush also allow the system to employ less water than a traditional gravity-flow toilet. To operate, the unit is plugged into a standard outlet in the bathroom. To date, Kohler Co. is the first plumbing manufacturer to market this technology .
Motors are impacting plumbing in other ways too. Emerson partnered with pump manufacturers Zoeller Company and Hydromatic Pump Company to develop a plumbing system that liquefies waste. A pump is positioned in waste water pipes below the toilet and allows fixture manufacturers to meet existing water consumption requirements by chopping waste into a liquid consistency. As waste moves through the system, a 5.5 inch, high-torque motor drives a sharp tooth pump (much like that on a garbage disposer) that chops waste and toilet paper and pushes the resulting slush through the waste water system.
Who Can Resist? How complete would an article on the men behind the water closet be without at least one mention of Thomas Crapper? For a individual who had little or nothing to do with inventing the water closet, he has become a modern age folk hero. Despite all the evidence, people who should know - as well as those who don't - continue the tale of Thomas Crapper as the man who "invented the toilet."

TYPES OF TOILET

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:11:00 +0000

Types of toilets

Squat toilet as seen in some parts of France, Italy, India, Turkey, Japan, China and Iran.
The flush toilet was originally invented in the Indus Valley Civilization.[citation needed] The modern flush toilet was developed by Sir John Harington, but due to slurs published by himself and being ridiculed in England for his invention, his toilet was never mass-produced.[citation needed]
Then, Alexander Cummings, a watch-maker, patented his design for a flush toilet, which was the basis for the modern sitting toilet that a large part of the human population uses today. [citation needed]
There are also many different ways to clean oneself after using the toilet. A lot depends on national mores and local resources. The most common choice in the Western world is toilet paper, sometimes used in conjunction with the bidet. (See Toilet paper and Anal cleansing for a discussion of the many alternatives used through history and in different cultures.) In the Middle East and some countries in Asia, and South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan, the custom is to use water, either with or without toilet paper.[citation needed] Traditionally, the left hand is used for this, for which reason that hand is considered impolite or polluted in many eastern countries.[citation needed]
Some toilet areas (otherwise known as "stalls"), are specially adapted for people with disabilities. These are wide enough to allow the entry by a person in a wheelchair, and often feature hand-holds bolted to the wall, enabling the person to maneuver onto the toilet, if necessary.
The most common type of toilet in modern cities is the flush toilet, in which water takes away the waste through sewers to a waste treatment plant. In rural areas where sewers are not practical, septic tanks may be installed instead.
The most common design in first-world countries is the or sitting toilet. Many other countries use the squat toilet, especially in public restrooms, finding it both cheaper to install and more hygenic to maintain.
Main designs
Specialty designs
Flush toilet
Squat toilet
Urinal
Wall-hung urinal
Floor-length urinal
Gutter type urinal
Female urinal
Toilet with built-in bidet
Chemical toilet
Dry toilet (i.e. no water used for flushing)
Pit toilet: very common in camping grounds in the United States. Also known as an outhouse in the U.S.
Composting toilet: Very commonly found in camping grounds in Europe, and large climbing parks. Also found in some modern ecologically designed buildings.
Urine-diverting & dry composting: a source-separation toilet that keeps urine and feces separate and simplifies the composting process. Can also be called an eco-san (from ecological sanitation) toilet, and is a viable alternative to flush sanitation in urban areas [1].
Incinerating toilet
Tree bog, a system for converting human faeces to biomass
Head: a toilet on a boat, which has a pump to bring cleaning seawater in and pump waste overboard or into a holding tank।

A flush toilet or poop-chute is a toilet that disposes of the waste matter by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location. Modern toilets incorporate an 'S' bend; this 'trap' creates a water seal which remains filled with water between flushing, thus providing a hygienic barrier by preventing sewer gases from passing up the drainpipe. During flushing the 'S' bend also provides siphon action which helps accelerate the flushing process. However, since this type of toilet does not generally handle waste on site, separate waste treatment systems must be built.

WATERCLOSET/JAMBAN - APAKAH KONSEPNYA?

noreply@blogger.com (abangijam) — Wed, 20 Jun 2007 15:15:00 +0000

Jamban apakah konsepnya di sebalik flushing? Untuk pengetahuan anda jamban atau water closet dalam bahasa english atau dengan singkatan w.c..mempunyai pelbagai cara untuk flushing atau simbahan....

Diantaranya....

a) wash down

b) siphonic
b1। siphonic jet
b2।siphonic wash

c) etc...

a) WASHDOWN

Satu sistem yang biasa digunakan...simple dan mudah....air yang keluar dari rim mempunyai daya simbahan gravity .Air yang tersimpan di dalam tangki akan keluar apabila valve dibuka dan menuju ke rim wc.Daya yang terhasil bergantung kepada ketinggian air ke garis datum atau sebagai contoh rim w.c.Semakin tinggi air dari garis atau titik datum maka daya yang terhasil lebih kuat.Walaubagaimanapun faktor rupabentuk pipe flushing atau

rekabentuk w.c. juga perlu diambil kira.

b) SIPHONIC

Satu sistem yang mengikut konsep "throat" atau cekik.Apakah maksudnya...? Dalam bahasa yang mudah difahami kita mengambil contoh pipe air yang kita gunakan untuk menyiram bunga..apabila kita mengecilkan lubang aliran keluar air, kita dapati bahawa air semakin laju....

Satu lagi contoh perbandingan ialah..basin pencuci pingan.Perhatikan lubang keluar air basuhan...atau waste hole...Jika kita takungkan air didalam basin dengan menutup lubang keluar.Kemudian tarik penutup air tersebut.....perhatikan keadaan apabila air yang semakin kurang dilubang keluar...air menjadi semakin laju...berputar seperti ribut tornado...dan menghasilkan daya tarikan...Maka inilah konsep yang digunakan dan dinamakan siphonic.

e-mail: abdzamir75@yahoo.com.my