Mobile Phones

Mobile phone

2009-12-20T12:27:00.000-08:00

A mobile phone or mobile (also called cellphone and handphone[1]) is an electronic device used for mobile telecommunications (mobile telephony, text messaging or data transmission) over a cellular network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones, which only offer telephony service within a limited range, e.g. within a home or an office, through a fixed line and a base station owned by the subscriber and also from satellite phones and radio telephones. As opposed to a radio telephone, a cell phone offers full duplex communication, automatised calling to and paging from a public land mobile network (PLMN), and handoff (handover) during a phone call when the user moves from one cell (base station coverage area) to another. Most current cell phones connect to a cellular network consisting of switching points and base stations (cell sites) owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.
The International Telecommunication Union estimated that mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide would reach approximately 4.6 billion by the end of 2009. Mobile phones have gained increased importance in the sector of Information and communication technologies for development in the 2000s and have effectively started to reach the bottom of the economic pyramid.[2]

Samsung Group

2009-11-28T06:13:00.000-08:00

The Samsung Group (Korean: 삼성 그룹) is a multinational conglomerate headquarted inSamsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is the world's largest conglomerate^[3]^[4] with an annual revenue of US$173.4 billion in 2008^[2] and is South Korea's largest chaebol. The Samsung Group is composed of numerous international affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsungbrand including Samsung Electronics, the world's largest electronics company,^[5]^[6]^[7] Samsung Heavy Industries, the world's second largest shipbuilder^[8] and Samsung C&T, a major global construction company. These three multinationals form the core of Samsung Group and reflect its name - the meaning of the Korean word Samsung is "tristar" or "three stars".

Samsung has been the world's most popular consumer electronics brand since 2005 and is the best known South Korean brand in the world.^[9] Samsung Group accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's total exports^[10] and is the leader in many domestic industries, such as thefinancial, chemical, retail and entertainment industries. The company's strong influence in South Korea is visible throughout the nation, which has been referred to as the "Republic of Samsung".^[7]^[11]

T-Mobile

2009-11-28T06:12:00.000-08:00

T-Mobile is a mobile telephony provider, owned by Deutsche Telekom (the T stands forTelekom). It operates several GSM networks in Europe and the United States. T-Mobile also has financial stakes in mobile operators in Central and Eastern Europe. Globally, T-Mobile has some 350 million subscribers ^[1], making it the world's third largest mobile phone service provider by subscribers and the third largest multinational after the United Kingdom's Vodafone and Spain'sTelefónica.

Based in Germany, T-Mobile is present in ten other European countries, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, and the United Kingdom, as well as in the United States. T-Mobile is also currently in contract with Apple as service providers for Apple iPhones.

In late 2005, Deutsche Telekom attempted to acquire rival mobile network operator O2, but was beaten out by Spain's Telefónica^[2].

In March 2008, the company announced they planned to acquire Siemens Wireless Modules (now known as Cinterion Wireless Modules) as part of the JOMA consortium. The Siemens Wireless Modules spin off to Cinterion Wireless Modules was concluded on May 1, 2008.

Nokia

2009-11-28T06:10:00.000-08:00

Nokia Corporation (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɔkiɑ]) (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB:NOA3) is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered inKeilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki.^[4] Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with 128,445 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of EUR 50.7 billion and operating profit of 5.0 billion as of 2008.^[1]^[2] It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones: its global device market share was about 38% in Q3 2009, at the same level as in Q3 2008 and in Q2 2009.^[3] Nokia produces mobile devices for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). Nokia offers Internet services that enable people to experience music, maps, media,messaging and games. Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Siemens Networks producestelecommunications network equipment, solutions and services.^[5] The company is also engaged in providing digital map information through its wholly-owned subsidiary Navteq.^[6]

Nokia has sites for research and development, manufacture and sales in many countries throughout the world. As of December 2008, Nokia had R&D presence in 16 countries and employed 39,350 people in research and development, representing approximately 31% of the group's total workforce.^[1] The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit consisting of about 500 researchers, engineers and scientists.^[7]^[8] It has sites in seven countries: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.^[9] Besides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) INdT – Nokia Institute of Technology, a R&D institute located in Brazil.^[10] Nokia operates a total of 15 manufacturing facilities^[11] located at Espoo, Oulu and Salo, Finland; Manaus, Brazil;Beijing, Dongguan and Suzhou, China; Farnborough, England; Komárom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico; Jucu, Romania and Masan, South Korea.^[12]^[13] Nokia's Design Department remains in Salo, Finland.

Nokia is a public limited liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New Yorkstock exchanges.^[11] Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland; it is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007, a unique situation for an industrialized country.^[14] It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as its partners and subcontractors.^[15] Nokia increased Finland's GDP by more than 1.5% in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokia's share of the Finnish GDP was 3.5% and accounted for almost a quarter of Finland's exports in 2003.^[16]

Finns have consistently ranked Nokia as both the best Finnish brand and the best employer. The Nokia brand, valued at $34.9 billion, is listed as the fifth most valuable global brand in theInterbrand/BusinessWeek Best Global Brands list of 2009 (first non-US company).^[17]^[18] It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007)^[19] and Europe (as of 2008),^[20] the 42nd most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list of 2009 (third in Network Communications, seventh non-US company),^[21] and the world's 85th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2009, up from 88th the previous year.^[22] As of 2009, AMR Research ranks Nokia's global supply chain number six in the world.^[23]