WORLD OF EMBEDDED

Real Time Clock using AVR

2013-12-30T04:47:00.001-08:00

Real Time Clock using AVR

OBJECTIVE : To build a efficient real time clock for daily usage using AVR

COMPONENTS :

1.ATMega16
2.32,768 KHz crystal
3.LCD display
4.RS232 port

DESCRIPTION :

*The ATMega16 chip in the M16 has a real-time counter that operates asynchronously when a 32,768hz watch crystal is connected to it, providing a real-time clock

*Bascom has built-in support for the RTC, making it very easy to use time functions

*The watch crystal needs to connect to pins TOSC1(pin 28) and TOSC2(pin 29). The time and date can be set via the PC serial port connection

BLOCK DIAGRAM OFBLOCK DIAGRAM OF Real Time Clock using AVR

Running LED or LED chaser Using AVR

2013-12-24T06:33:00.003-08:00

Running LED or LED chaser Using AVR

OBJECTIVE :

The main objective of this project is build a Running LED or LED chaser Using AVR

COMPONENTS :

1.ATTiny2313 micrcontroller

2.CRISTAL 10MHz

3.CAPACITOR 22pf X 2

4.POWER SUPPLY +5V

5.RESISTOR 1K X 16

6.LED (15)

DESCRIPTION :

*This running LED or LED chaser is a good project for beginners in the micro-controller technology

*It is easy to build, and the assembler program code can be easily adapted

*This running LED light has 15 red 3mm LED's

*The 15 outputs of ports B and D are used to drive the leds

*The LED's light up in a pattern that can be made in the program code

*The LEDs run back and forth

*With a push button you can select another pattern at which the LEDs runs

*There are three running LED patterns which you can run: with one led, three leds and five leds.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION :

*The project uses the ATTiny2313 micrcontroller but the ATTiny2313 can also be used

*The AVR port can draw 20mA current so you only have to place a resitor at the port of the AVR to limit the current to 20mA.

* The LEDs are connected to ground so when the output of the port is high the LED will go on

*The circuit uses a ceramic resonator of 10Mhz as oscillator

* When you use ATTiny2313 you can discard the resonator because they have an on chip clock sourceSOFTWARE DESCRIPTION :

*The program code is written in assembler

*You can use AVR Studio to write the software

DOWNLOAD PROGRAM (.ASM)

DOWNLOAD PROGRAM (.HEX)

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LED CHASER

LCD BASED THERMOMETER USING AVR

2013-12-22T20:24:00.005-08:00

LCD BASED THERMOMETER USING AVR

OBJECTIVE : The main objective of this project is build a LCD based thermometer

COMPONENTS :

1.ATMEGA 8 (DIL285)
2.TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35
3.LCD 20*4
4.CRISTAL 10MHz
5.CAPACITOR 22pf X 2
6.POTENTIOMETER 10K
7.POWER SUPPLY +5V

DESCRIPTION :

*The LM35 is a precision centigrade temperature sensor
*Which has an analog output voltage
* It has a range of -55ºC to +150ºC and a accuracy of ±0.5ºC
*The output voltage is 10mV/ºC
*The output voltage is converted by the AD convertor of the AVR
* The temperature is displayed on an LCD module
* the thermometer has a range of 0ºC to 40ºC
*If you want to have a readout in Fahrenheit you can use the LM34

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION :

*The circuit the LM35 is connected to the ADC port of the AVR
*The ATMega8 uses a crystal as an oscillator for the clock pulses
* At PORT-D of the ATM8 an 20x4 LCD display is hooked to display the temperature in a discrete value and in a analog bar

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION :

*The software for this project is written in BASCOM AVR

DOWNLOAD PROGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LCD THERMOMETER

Program to make a bidirectional visitor counter using IR sensor

2013-12-22T18:50:00.000-08:00

// Program to make a bidirectional visitor counter using IR sensor

#include <reg51.h>
#define msec 1
unsigned int num=0;
sbit dig_ctrl_4=P1^3; //declare the control pins of seven segments
sbit dig_ctrl_3=P1^2;
sbit dig_ctrl_2=P1^1;
sbit dig_ctrl_1=P1^0;
unsigned int digi_val[10]={0x40,0xF9,0x24,0x30,0x19,0x12,0x02,0xF8,0x00,0x10};
unsigned int dig_1,dig_2,dig_3,dig_4,test=0;
unsigned char dig_disp=0;
sbit up=P3^5; //up pin to make counter count up
sbit down=P3^6; //down pin to make counter count down

void init() // to initialize the output pins and Timer0
{
up=down=1;
dig_ctrl_4 = 0;
dig_ctrl_3 = 0;
dig_ctrl_2 = 0;
dig_ctrl_1 = 0;
TMOD=0x01;
TL0=0xf6;
TH0=0xFf;
IE=0x82;
TR0=1;
}

void delay() //To provide a small time delay
{
TMOD=0x01;
TL0=0x36;
TH0=0xF6;
TR0=1;
while(TF0==0);
TR0=0;
TF0=0;
}

void display() interrupt 1 // Function to display the digits on seven segment. For more details refer seven segment multiplexing.
{
TL0=0x36;
TH0=0xf6;
P2=0xFF;
dig_ctrl_1 = dig_ctrl_3 = dig_ctrl_2 = dig_ctrl_4 = 0;
dig_disp++;
dig_disp=dig_disp%4;
switch(dig_disp)
{

case 0:
P2= digi_val[dig_1];
dig_ctrl_1 = 1;
break;

case 1:
P2= digi_val[dig_2];
dig_ctrl_2 = 1;
break;

case 2:
P2= digi_val[dig_3];
dig_ctrl_3 = 1;
break;

case 3:
P2= digi_val[dig_4];
dig_ctrl_4 = 1;
break;
}
}

void main()
{
init();
while(1)
{
if(up==0&&down==1) //check if up pin is pressed
{
test++;
num=test;
dig_4=num%10;
num=num/10;
dig_3=num%10;
num=num/10;
dig_2=num%10;
dig_1=num/10;
if(test==9999)
test=0;
}
if(up==1&&down==0) //check if down pin is pressed
{
test--;
num=test;
dig_4=num%10;
num=num/10;
dig_3=num%10;
num=num/10;
dig_2=num%10;
dig_1=num/10;
if(test==0)
test=9999;
}
}
}

AVR--Alf (Egil Bogen) and Vegard (Wollan)'s RISC processor

2013-12-21T08:52:00.006-08:00

* AVR is a modified Harvard architecture RISC single chip micro controller

*It is a 28 pin narrow DIP IC

*Developed by Atmel in 1996

*AVR introduce the flash program memory for programming

*Atmega16 is equipped with an internal oscillator for driving its clock.

AVR microcontrollers are available in three categories:

1. TinyAVR – Less memory, small size, suitable only for simpler applications

2. MegaAVR – These are the most popular ones having good amount of memory (upto 256 KB), higher number of inbuilt peripherals and suitable for moderate to complex applications.

3. XmegaAVR – Used commercially for complex applications, which require large program memory and high speed.

What is the main task of watch dog timer ?

2013-12-05T06:09:00.001-08:00

Watch dog timer is a timer is used to reset the processor in an embedded system.
A timer is set to a large value and is counted down.
When the timer value reaches to zero the processor is reset.

What is mean by kernel ?

2013-12-05T05:47:00.001-08:00

The 'heart' of an operating system is called kernel.
Kernel is responsible for task sheduling,inter-task communication,interrupt handling,providing timer service,device management and memory management.

What is Dynamic Memory Access (DMA) ?

2013-12-04T08:45:00.001-08:00

A mechanism to transfer data directly between the memory and an input/output device.
A DMA controller shares the memory bus with the prosessor

What is cache memory ?

2013-12-04T08:36:00.001-08:00

A very high speed memory between the RAM/ROM and the CPU.
Cache memory is used to supply the most recently used instructions/data to the CPU.
Cache memory is much faster to access than the RAM/ROM but very costly.

What is Application Programming Interface (API) ?

2013-12-04T08:32:00.001-08:00

It is defined by a set of function calls using which applications can be developed over an operating system or a software development tool

What is adress mode and address space ?

2013-12-04T08:28:00.001-08:00

Adress mode is defined by the way by which an operand is specified for an instruction.
For example : imediate address mode,direct adressing mode,register addressing etc..

Address space is the maximum memory size that can be addressed by a processor
CPU with 16 address lines can address 2^16 bytes of address space

What is a address bus ?

2013-12-04T08:22:00.001-08:00

Address bus is a set of wires using which a processor or a microcontroller communicates with the peripheral to sellect a memory location or a register of a peripheral.

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:50:00.001-07:00

SET-537.Zigbee based Spy robot
SET-538.Electronic Passport using RFID
SET-539.RFID based instantaneous vehicle registration details extraction system
SET-540.War field wireless spying Robot with live human and explosive detection having sharp
shooting weapon
SET-541.Intruder Tracking Using Wireless Sensor Networks
SET-542.Real time automization of Indian Agricultural system
SET-543.RFID based Airport Luggage Security System
SET-544. An Early Warning System Based on Reputation for Energy Control Systems (2011)
SET-545.RFID based blind navigation system with voice alert system
SET-547.Ultrasonic Target Estimation Using Sonar Technology
SET-548.Ultrasonic Target Range Estimation and Obstacle detection Robot
SET-549.User independent voice commands based robot control with remote voice and image
transmission
SET-550.Zigbee based helmet design for coal mines
SET-551.Finger print based Student identification with RFID based library automation
SET-552.Industrial Monitoring with Android Mobile Application using Wi-Fi
SET-553.Implementation of Cryptography on PC using Zigbee
SET-554.Microcontroller based Environmental Control for Swiftlet Nesting with SMS
Notification
SET-555.Priority based power distribution system
SET-556.Advanced and Intelligent wheel chair control system for leg amputees using Joystick
SET-557.Landmine detection and location finding mobile android system
SET-558.Automated Solar Street lighting system using LED’s
SET-560.Robot controlling wirelessly through Wi-Fi technology
SET-561.FAMPER robot with Video transmission and head lamp vision
SET-562.Artificial vision systems for the blind using ultrasonic wave
SET-563.Image based Calling system for heart beat patients with Heart beat monitoring
SET-564.Interactive Voice Response System

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:49:00.001-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:48:00.003-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:48:00.001-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:47:00.001-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:46:00.001-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.013-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.011-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.009-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.007-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.005-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.003-07:00

Innovative ECE Final projects list 4

2013-10-05T05:44:00.001-07:00