<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554</id><updated>2024-09-04T19:39:53.852-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Blog Diverse</title><subtitle type='html'>“Às vezes o homem encontra seu destino em uma estrada que tomou para evitá-lo.”&#xa;desconhecido</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>20</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-1941226353375291604</id><published>2022-10-08T10:05:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2022-10-08T10:08:05.677-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A EVOLUÇÃO HUMANA CONTINUA</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70agac_-_HufMuqBvTCl-SrtCpEUZ2XUI3g4tZWaChO_2pfZohvJ6mifjKYWO2ZuW58r3YMPa4uKQBCFC89uA9ENzlDJjNXgPqvVdXDHLaxx5yP23mpUo7WYVYAFGG1UmmN5yo7BCV7z-itxKATdt0Ok1tUl6F7NoBFLYHlRkiEbvLZkE7xL-dN6W2A/s512/Anne-Dambricourt-Malasse.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;512&quot; data-original-width=&quot;512&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70agac_-_HufMuqBvTCl-SrtCpEUZ2XUI3g4tZWaChO_2pfZohvJ6mifjKYWO2ZuW58r3YMPa4uKQBCFC89uA9ENzlDJjNXgPqvVdXDHLaxx5yP23mpUo7WYVYAFGG1UmmN5yo7BCV7z-itxKATdt0Ok1tUl6F7NoBFLYHlRkiEbvLZkE7xL-dN6W2A/w320-h320/Anne-Dambricourt-Malasse.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, a paleoantropóloga francesa Anne Dambricourt-Malassé, conduziu um estudo sobre o processo evolutivo dos hominídeos, a partir da evolução do osso esfenoide, o pilar central, a base da qual o nosso crânio e a coluna vertebral tomam forma enquanto nos desenvolvemos. Ele é o primeiro osso a se formar no embrião.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Anne comparou ossos esfenoides de macacos e fósseis de nossos ancestrais primitivos, com os ossos dos humanos modernos. Ela percebeu que ao longo do processo evolutivo o osso esfenoide foi mudando de posição, sempre inclinando-se na mesma direção, ocasionando mudanças na forma do crânio, que permitiu com que o cérebro ficasse cada vez maior, além de ter possibilitado a liberação gradual da laringe, que futuramente seria fundamental para o som da fala. O movimento do esfenoide também permitiu mudança no posicionamento da coluna vertebral, que foi fundamental para que o gênero homo tornasse bípede.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Segundo a pesquisadora, a evolução hominídea não ocorreu gradualmente, mas em grandes estágios evolutivos. De acordo com ela, os períodos de estabilidade entre cada flexão do esfenoide foram ocorrendo em intervalos de tempo cada vez mais curto – há 40 milhões anos (símios), 20 milhões de anos (hominidae), 6 milhões de anos (australopithecus), 2 milhões de anos (homo) e 200 mil anos (homo sapiens). E cada vez que isso ocorria, um passo era dado adiante no processo de hominização, com o surgimento de novas espécies. E esse processo evolutivo não se encerrou no homo sapiens, ele continua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Anne defende que uma nova flexão deve acontecer nos próximos milênios (se já não estiver acontecendo – uma das evidências é o crescente aumento do índice de crianças com malformação da arcada dentária ou maloclusão), ela teoriza que, quando o esfenoide se inclinar mais uma vez, provavelmente permitirá um aumento da massa encefálica, ocorrendo a verticalização da face, com crânios mais altos e arredondados na parte posterior e redução da mandíbula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Em sua pesquisa, a paleoantropóloga francesa deduz que o provável responsável pela flexão do esfenoide seja a regulação gênica e alguns genes hereditários, os chamados genes reguladores, ou genes homeobox, que estão envolvidos na regulação de padrões de desenvolvimento anatômico (morfogênese). A mutação de alguns poucos genes reguladores pode mudar completamente a estrutura de um organismo, isso explica a grande diferença morfológica que nos separa dos primatas, embora compartilhemos 98,7% dos nossos genes. A mutação certa permite que uma espécie sobreviva as dramáticas mudanças no clima, geologia e ecologia global.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/1941226353375291604/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/a-evolucao-humana-continua.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1941226353375291604'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1941226353375291604'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/a-evolucao-humana-continua.html' title='A EVOLUÇÃO HUMANA CONTINUA'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg70agac_-_HufMuqBvTCl-SrtCpEUZ2XUI3g4tZWaChO_2pfZohvJ6mifjKYWO2ZuW58r3YMPa4uKQBCFC89uA9ENzlDJjNXgPqvVdXDHLaxx5yP23mpUo7WYVYAFGG1UmmN5yo7BCV7z-itxKATdt0Ok1tUl6F7NoBFLYHlRkiEbvLZkE7xL-dN6W2A/s72-w320-h320-c/Anne-Dambricourt-Malasse.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-8838744864866836091</id><published>2022-10-08T09:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2022-10-08T10:13:08.453-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A ORIGEM DA VIDA E DO BIG-BANG</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBlDyKheTkeX6-szC9I10_V_XjBRJY6rDFFji38Y9KSYaetNAZdCMTpA62cHuMMLoPDdI4lhYV5KevTAqfr7tdwxToOqV1cul-83QBK-nDMaLZuZl478U47nQzOwVdCNLuipMUDKfHA0d4ZwqtrwC9gS8J8_wwxGh9YZLSjGn-jjvUNXiTL8iJxdxuHw/s608/sopa.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;564&quot; data-original-width=&quot;608&quot; height=&quot;297&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBlDyKheTkeX6-szC9I10_V_XjBRJY6rDFFji38Y9KSYaetNAZdCMTpA62cHuMMLoPDdI4lhYV5KevTAqfr7tdwxToOqV1cul-83QBK-nDMaLZuZl478U47nQzOwVdCNLuipMUDKfHA0d4ZwqtrwC9gS8J8_wwxGh9YZLSjGn-jjvUNXiTL8iJxdxuHw/w320-h297/sopa.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A história primordial da Terra é uma narrativa incompleta, mas, apesar da ausência de provas físicas, a maioria dos cientistas acreditam que a vida se originou quando a energia de raios e o calor vulcânico atingiram substâncias inorgânicas na superfície do planeta, combinando-os em aminoácidos, os componentes básicos para a formação da primeira célula autorreplicante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;As proteínas desempenham diversas funções, foram projetadas para criar informações genéticas em uma cadeia de DNA (ARN-Polimerase); de desencadear reações químicas (enzima); controlar a passagem de eletrólitos e nutrientes pela membrana celular (canal da membrana); transportar cargas através de microtúbulos (cinesina). Cada uma das proteínas é composta por centenas de moléculas de aminoácidos – 20 tipos de aminoácidos ao todo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A construção começa quando os aminoácidos selecionados são organizados em cadeia, na sequência correta a cadeia se dobra formando uma proteína. Mas, se os aminoácidos forem arranjados na ordem errada, a cadeia será quebrada e não se dobrará. A célula mais simples que contém o mecanismo biológico necessário (núcleo celular, retículos endoplasmático, centríolo, mitocôndrias, ribossomos) tem pelo menos 300 tipos diferentes de proteínas que lhe permite crescer, reproduzir, converter energia, processar e proteger informações genéticas. Componentes e funções similares também seriam necessários na primeira célula viva surgida na Terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Alguns cientistas especulam uma teoria de que no início havia oceanos primordiais cheios de aminoácidos, e que, em algumas das colisões aleatórias que ocorriam entre as partículas subatômicas, tenham produzidos cadeias longas o suficiente para formarem proteínas. O bioquímico russo Alexander Oparin escreveu em seu livro “The Origin of Life” (1936) a tese da sopa primordial, que teria possibilitado uma progressão gradual até uma célula viva complexa. Para ele, moléculas mais simples teriam sofrido reações químicas e alcançado níveis de organização mais complexas produzindo uma “sopa” repleta de açucares, aminoácidos, ácidos graxos e nucleotídeos. Com tempo suficiente, a combinação certa de matérias-primas, ambiente adequado e um pouco de sorte, as moléculas e mecanismos biológicos necessários para a primeira célula viva puderam ser produzidos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Em 1952 a hipótese foi testada em laboratório por Stanley Miller com a colaboração do químico Harold Urey, usando uma mistura de gases metano, hidrogênio, amônia e vapores de água, sob condições especiais de calor, raios ultravioletas e descarga elétrica, simulando a atmosfera primitiva. Não foi usado oxigênio e nitrogênio, tais elementos não existiam na atmosfera da Terra primitiva, pois não havia microrganismos que pudessem produzir fotossíntese (as cianobactérias só viriam a surgir bilhões de anos depois). O resultado da mistura foi a formação de monômeros orgânicos básicos, como os aminoácidos. Tal resultado é um elemento probatório bastante relevante para validação da teoria de Oparin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Conforme o conhecimento sobre a atmosfera primitiva progrediu e as técnicas de análises químicas avançaram, Miller continuou refinando os detalhes e métodos ao longo de sua carreira profissional. Ele não apenas conseguiu sintetizar mais variedades de aminoácidos, como também produziu uma ampla variedade de compostos inorgânicos e orgânicos essenciais para a construção e metabolismo celular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A origem da vida na Terra já é bastante estudada e bem explicada, já há teorias bem embasadas que explicam o processo evolutivo do Universo, mas, uma dúvida permanece de forma sólida e retumbante, o que havia antes do big-bang? Que fator ocasionou tal evento? Deu-se início a vários estudos e formulações de teorias para explicar tal período primitivo. O astrônomo Alexander Vilenkin é um dos teóricos mais populares, com sua teoria da inflação eterna. A tese diz que novos universos estão nascendo de forma constante, criando um cenário de multiverso em eterna expansão.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Usando uma analogia para simplificar a teoria, imaginemos que o espaço antes da formação dos universos, fosse uniforme como a estrutura lisa de um queijo parmesão, com todo o espaço preenchido por uma quantidade imensa de energia pura, que, por sua vez, faz todo o espaço se expandir, empurrando-o em enorme velocidade. Nesse processo de expansão começa haver imensas descargas de energia como se fossem centelhas de eletricidade estática, mas, de proporções cósmicas. Cada vez que essas descargas elétricas ocorrem, a energia é convertida em matéria primordial (quark – que forma os prótons e nêutrons; glúon; elétron e fóton), gerando um novo big-bang, e consequentemente um novo universo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;E a estrutura lisa do queijo parmesão passa a ficar cheia de buracos (universos), como bolhas de vácuo, semelhante a um queijo suíço. Esses buracos também se expandem, puxado pelo tecido cósmico, como um buraco em um lençol que se expande quando o tecido é puxado. Este conceito revolucionário não é unânime na comunidade científica, porque ainda não é possível detectar tais eventos, mas vale a consideração.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;De onde viria essa energia cósmica que possivelmente dar origem aos multiversos? O que havia antes dela? Os pesquisadores formulam teorias, desenvolvem complexos cálculos matemáticos, fazem inferências, aplicam métodos científicos, desenvolvem tecnologias para a pesquisa, tudo na tentativa de buscar respostas essas e outras perguntas. Muitas são respondidas, outras parecem que permanecerão incognoscíveis, além da nossa capacidade de compreensão e raciocínio, por exemplo, como Deus surgiu e o que havia antes dele? Pode algo sempre existir, sem ter uma origem, um começo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/8838744864866836091/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/a-origem-da-vida-e-do-big-bang.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8838744864866836091'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8838744864866836091'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/a-origem-da-vida-e-do-big-bang.html' title='A ORIGEM DA VIDA E DO BIG-BANG'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBlDyKheTkeX6-szC9I10_V_XjBRJY6rDFFji38Y9KSYaetNAZdCMTpA62cHuMMLoPDdI4lhYV5KevTAqfr7tdwxToOqV1cul-83QBK-nDMaLZuZl478U47nQzOwVdCNLuipMUDKfHA0d4ZwqtrwC9gS8J8_wwxGh9YZLSjGn-jjvUNXiTL8iJxdxuHw/s72-w320-h297-c/sopa.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-6786594340166126265</id><published>2022-10-08T08:55:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-04T06:47:45.077-07:00</updated><title type='text'>AS RAZÕES DE SER DEÍSTA E O LUGAR DE DEUS NESSE CONTEXTO</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Joaz
L. A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;INTRODUÇÃO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O deísmo defende, através da razão,
da experimentação e não por doutrina religiosa, que o universo foi
criado por uma inteligência superior. Este Ser Superior criou as
leis naturais e físicas para reger toda a criação, e não é
intervencionista, como sugerem as religiões teístas. Seria como um
“&lt;i&gt;deus relojoeiro&lt;/i&gt;”
iniciando o processo cósmico, o universo segue adiante sem
necessitar da supervisão divina. Os fenômenos e acontecimentos
ocorrem por causa das leis naturais que ele criou para reger o cosmo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O deísmo aceita os livros “&lt;i&gt;sagrados&lt;/i&gt;”
apenas como registro histórico, as vezes até como fonte de
inspiração moral e ética, quando não são usadas para justificar
o fanatismo, a intolerância, o preconceito e a imposição, mas não
como fonte de autoridade ou revelação divina. Deístas não
acreditam que Deus se ocupe de nossas necessidades e desejos
individuais, e isso não contradiz sua onisciência. Da mesma forma,
o dedão do pé é composto de trilhões de células que sabemos que
estão lá, cumprindo sua função, porém, desconhecemos a natureza
singular de cada uma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Vamos fazer a confrontação de alguns
relatos históricos importantes da bíblia com as evidências já
obtidas. Pesquisadores da &lt;i&gt;East
Carolina University&lt;/i&gt;
descobriram evidências (publicado na revista &lt;i&gt;nature&lt;/i&gt;
em 2021) de uma cidade da Idade do Bronze no vale do Jordão, datada
em torno de 1.650 BCE, chamada &lt;i&gt;Tall
el-Hammam&lt;/i&gt;, que &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;acreditam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
ser Sodoma relatada na bíblia. Uma relativa concentração de ferro
(metal presente nos meteoros) em uma pequena área e as evidências
arqueológicas encontradas, tais como, madeiras e tijolos queimados,
camadas de carbono e cinzas, minerais derretidos, indicam que tal
cidade foi destruída repentinamente por um &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;bólido&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
– meteoro que explode na atmosfera –, evento comparável ao
ocorrido em 1908 sobre Tunguska, na Rússia. Um &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;fenômeno
que causa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
destruição semelhante à de uma bomba atômica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Outro grande relato é sobre a
hipótese do dilúvio. Em 2011 pesquisadores descobriram &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;o
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;leito&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
do Mar Negro, vigas de madeira típicos de construções &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;dos
assentamentos humanos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
do leste europeu da época neolítica, ossadas, objetos domésticos,
datados em torno de 9.000 BCE. Tais evidências corroboram com a tese
de que, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;om
o fim do Último Período Glacial,&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
o consequente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
aumento do nível do mar Mediterrâneo levou ao colapso das barreiras
de rochas do estreito de Bósforo, inundando todo o vale,
transformando um &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ago
de água doce em um grande mar de água salgada, causando grande
destruição para os povos indo-europeus que habitavam a região.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Portanto,
na bíblia há registros de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
relatos históricos verídicos que ocorreram como consequência &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
fenômenos naturais, não &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;por
causa de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
castigo divino ou algo milagroso. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Assim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,
Sodoma e Gomorra não foram destruídas por causa da fúria de Deus,
não há vestígios da arca de Noé no monte Ararat, mesmo com a
realização de várias expedições arqueológicas patrocinadas por
igrejas cristãs desde o século XIX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Voltaire, filósofo francês e deísta,
acreditava que para chegar a Deus não precisava ir à igreja, mas
sim a razão, dizendo que ela era o maior presente que a criação
poderia nos dar. Talvez a religião tenha sido uma tentativa de
explicar a nossa existência e o Universo em uma fase na história da
humanidade em que não havia entendimento suficiente, embasado em
ciência. Quando não sabem a resposta para algo, baseada na ciência,
a humanidade costuma atribuir ao mundo das divindades. Por exemplo,
as primeiras civilizações atribuíam a causa dos relâmpagos a
fúria dos deuses, por falta de entendimento desse fenômeno natural
tão comum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Nesse artigo será apresentado alguns
argumentos que me levaram a questionar as religiões e que,
consequentemente, me levou a se tornar um deísta. Saliento que, no
momento, sou deísta por falta de &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;explicações
balizadas por métodos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
científicos convincentes e cabais sobre &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;a
nossa existência, por isso, Deus está lá&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.
O intuito é levá-lo, leitor, a fazer os mesmos questionamentos.
Fique à vontade em buscar, por conta própria, as respostas que
acharem mais convenientes e convincentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE: A POSSIBILIDADE DE
OUTRAS CIVILIZAÇÕES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Os astrônomos calcularam que o
universo existe há aproximadamente 14 bilhões de anos, e que o
nosso sistema solar começou a se formar há pelo menos 4,6 bilhões
de anos. Os hominídeos só alcançaram um estágio evolutivo
considerável, que lhes dessem aparência e inteligência
relativamente próxima ao do homem moderno há apenas 700 mil anos,
com o aparecimento do&lt;i&gt; Homo
Heidelbergensis. &lt;/i&gt;Partindo
desse ponto (da longevidade do universo), é difícil acreditar que
durante todo esse tempo só exista nossa civilização em todo a
vastidão do universo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBS:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
Para efeito de comparação e termos uma breve noção da imensidão
do espaço, se reduzisse o nosso Sol (1.392.700 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
ao tamanho de um&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;ponta
de caneta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
e, na mesma proporção, reduzisse a Via Láctea (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;105.700
anos-luz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
nossa galáxia teria um tamanho equivalente ao território
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;brasileiro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;.
1 ano-luz =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;9,5
trilhões de km.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;TALVEZ houve tempo suficiente e
condições adequadas para surgimento e evolução de outras
civilizações há milhões ou até bilhões de anos antes do
aparecimento do &lt;i&gt;Homo Sapiens&lt;/i&gt;
(200 mil
anos atrás) no planeta
Terra. Observações espaciais têm mostrado que há vários planetas
no universo com condições de desenvolver vida (os exoplanetas
potencialmente habitáveis).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Imagine uma civilização muito
antiga, com 1 bilhão de anos de existência, qual seria o seu nível
tecnológico e de conhecimento acumulado. 1 bilhão de anos atrás a
Terra estava na Era Neoproterozoíca, havia apenas um supercontinente
primitivo, árido, chamado Rodinia, o dia tinha 18 horas de duração,
a vida multicelular só começaria a surgir 400 milhões de anos
depois.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;O
cérebro humano não compreende grandes quantidades, por isso
subestimamos o tamanho de 1 bilhão.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;1
	milhão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;
	de segundos = 12 dias;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;1
	bilhão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;&quot;&gt;
	de segundos = 32 anos e 8 meses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Em 1961, o astrônomo Frank Drake
apresentou uma equação nada ortodoxa, que mostrava a probabilidade
de haver vida inteligente em nossa galáxia com as quais poderíamos
ter chances de estabelecer comunicação, ficou conhecida como
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Equação
Drake&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(l&lt;/span&gt;embre-se,
é uma estimativa, uma vez que seus parâmetros não são exatos).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Drake propôs a seguinte fórmula: &lt;strong&gt;N
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
R &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
Fp &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
Ne &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
Fl &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fi &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
Fc &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
L, &lt;/strong&gt;sendo que:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;N&lt;/b&gt;
	= número de
	civilizações na Via Láctea com as quais poderíamos estabelecer
	contato;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;
	= número estimado de estrelas em nossa galáxia;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fp&lt;/b&gt;
	= fração das estrelas em nossa galáxia que possuem sistemas
	planetários;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ne&lt;/b&gt;
	= média de planetas por sistema solar, com um ambiente adequado
	para a vida, mesmo que seja as formas mais simples, como os
	microrganismos;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fl&lt;/b&gt;
	= fração desses planetas habitáveis em que a vida realmente possa
	se desenvolver para formas mais complexas;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fi&lt;/b&gt;
	= fração desses planetas (FI) que desenvolveram vida inteligente;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fc&lt;/b&gt;
	= fração de planetas com vida inteligente e que tem o desejo e os
	meios necessários para estabelecer comunicação;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;L&lt;/b&gt;
	= tempo médio de existência dessas civilizações em relação a
	duração do universo. Considerando que a grande maioria das
	prováveis civilizações que tenham surgido se extinguiram, seja
	por causas internas (tais como, guerras nucleares, glaciações) ou
	externas (tais como, colapso da estrela hospedeira, explosão de
	raios gama
	próximo ao planeta).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O físico e astrônomo Carl Sagan, no
livro &lt;i&gt;“Intelligent Life in
the Universe” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(1966),&lt;/span&gt;
fez seu próprio cálculo, usando a fórmula de Drake. Adotando uma
visão bastante conservadora, deu os seguintes valores para cada
elemento da equação (não cito os fatores considerados por Sagan
para chegar a tais números):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;R
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;400
	bilhões&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
	de estrelas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fp
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;¼&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(100
	bilhões)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ne
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2
	&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(200
	bilhões) &lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fl
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;½&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
	(100 bilhões)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fi
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
	(10 bilhões)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fc
	= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1/10&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
	(1 bilhão)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	 &lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;L
	= 0,00000001 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;um
	centésimo de milionésimo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sendo
assim, o cálculo ficou da seguinte maneira: &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;N
= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;1
bilhão &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;×&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
0,00000001 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;N
= &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;civilizações
inteligentes só na Via Láctea com capacidade de se comunicar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Agora,
imagine quantas civilizações deve haver nas bilhões de galáxias
existentes no universo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Trata-se
de um valor baixo, que coloca os cientistas em posição difícil,
afinal, se por um lado há alguém transmitindo informações lá
fora, a chance de encontrarmos uma das 9 sociedades alienígenas
(sendo a de número 10 a nossa) em meio a 400 bilhões de estrelas é
ínfima.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
espaço pode está zumbindo com mensagens das estrelas, mas, talvez
eles usem tecnologias diferentes das nossas, talvez não tenhamos
alcançado um nível tecnológico suficiente para identificar e
decifrar tais mensagens (atualmente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;usa-se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
radiotelescópio).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Se for comprovado a existência de
vida extraterrestre inteligente o cristianismo perderá o seu sentido
basilar imediatamente, aquele de que Deus veio à Terra na figura de
Jesus. Até é possível que a figura de um criador-mor,
incognoscível, possa ser assimilada por outras civilizações
extremamente diferente de nós, mas, não as religiões terrenas, com
seus dogmas, crenças, messias e profetas baseados em características
e aspectos essencialmente humano, desenvolvida em volta do estilo de
vida humano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Os pesquisadores formulam teorias,
desenvolvem complexos cálculos matemáticos, fazem inferências,
aplicam métodos científicos, desenvolvem tecnologias para a
pesquisa, na exaustiva tentativa de compreender o universo. Muitas
perguntas são respondidas, outras parecem que permanecerão
incognoscíveis, estando além da nossa capacidade de compreensão e
raciocínio. Veja alguns exemplos disso: &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Como
Deus surgiu e o que havia antes dele? Pode algo sempre existir, sem
ter uma origem, um começo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Usando projeções conservadoras para
projetar uma estimativa da quantidade de estrelas no Universo, vamos
multiplicar 100 bilhões de galáxias por 10 bilhões de estrelas por
galáxias (10&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;
&lt;b&gt;x&lt;/b&gt;
10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;).
O resultado é impressionante, 1 bilhão de trilhões de estrelas
(10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;),
um valor imensurável. Lembre-se, é uma estimativa bastante baixa,
uma vez que as projeções mais adequadas estimam para uma galáxia
do tamanho da Via Láctea (o padrão mais comum) uma população
estelar entre 100-400 bilhões de estrelas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Os geógrafos calculam que hajam
aproximadamente 320 mil km de costas litorâneas e 15 milhões de km²
de desertos na superfície do nosso planeta. Com esses dados e
considerando a quantidade aproximada de grãos de areia por m³,
estima-se que haja &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;cerca
de 7 bilhões de milhões de grãos de areia no planeta. Esse
resultado é apenas uma fração do total do número de estrelas no
Universo observável. Vivemos em um planeta que faz parte de um Cosmo
inimaginavelmente grande e complexo. Não é possível haver apenas
nós, como civilização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Olhemos para nós, como espécie
inserida nesse espaço infinito e na possibilidade de haver várias
outras civilizações inteligentes no Universo,&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
com grande possibilidade de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
boa parte delas serem bem mais avançadas, e indagamos: O que poderia
haver nos humanos de tão relevante que os fizessem tão especiais
para merecerem a atenção do criador-mor, em detrimento de outras
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;raças&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;?
Somos limitados, defeituosos, gananciosos, intolerantes e
problemáticos. O homem é tão egoísta que é preciso falar de uma
recompensa em outra vida para que ele tente praticar o bem nesta
existência.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE: HÁ CÉU E INFERNO?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Não acredito que haja céu e inferno,
mas quero acreditar que há vida eterna após a morte. Talvez o
&lt;i&gt;“paraíso”&lt;/i&gt;
seja aquilo que a mente de cada um tenha idealizado como lugar
perfeito para se viver eternamente. A minha idealização de
“&lt;i&gt;paraíso&lt;/i&gt;”,
por exemplo, é fazer uma viagem pelo espaço-tempo e presenciar tudo
que aconteceu no cosmos, o momento do big-bang e o que havia antes
dele, a evolução do universo e seus grandes fenômenos, depois,
vagando com meu espírito fantasmagórico, acompanhar cada etapa da
formação do nosso sistema solar, ver a grande colisão da Terra com
Theia, a evolução do nosso planeta e a origem da vida, o surgimento
e evolução humana e das civilizações, aprender todos os seus
segredos, tudo aquilo que ficou oculto nos registros históricos. 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Segundo as doutrinas religiosas,
aquele que não segue seus ensinamentos serão condenados para o
sofrimento eterno, não alcançando o tão almejado galardão
celestial. Mas, em relação àquelas pessoas que não conhecem tais
doutrinas, logo, não sendo praticantes, serão condenadas mesmo
sendo inocentes? Ou receberão um indulto, uma anistia de Deus? Se há
um &lt;i&gt;“paraíso”&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;i&gt;post mortem&lt;/i&gt;,
porque não nascemos diretamente nele, sem passar por essa fase
terrena, em que somos mortais, frágeis, sujeitos às emoções
negativas? Assim simplificaria bastante as coisas, não geraria
pecadores nem crise depressiva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O que há depois da morte? Não
sabemos, o que passar disso são apenas especulações, pois não há
comprovação empírica. Mesmo assim, quero acreditar que há alguma
coisa importante no &lt;i&gt;“além”&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
justifique nossa extraordinária racionalidade e consciência
adquirida ao longo do processo evolutivo, caso contrário, seria um
desperdício colossal e uma solidão sem precedente, existir para
nada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;No universo quase tudo que morre não
se torna em nada, mas, transforma-se em algo novo. A morte de uma
estrela resultará em uma anã branca, estrela de nêutron ou buraco
negro, a matéria remanescente &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;após&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
sua supernova dará origem a novas estrelas e planetas em sua
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;nebulosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.
Nós, assim como tudo que há no planeta Terra, somos formados por
elementos químicos, e estes, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;surgem
n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;a
&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;nucleossíntese
estelar. Somos filhos das estrelas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A
ciência tem avançado de forma rápida, no início da década de
2020, já estão &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;sendo
desenvolvidas soluções para &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;doenças
atualmente incuráveis. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Por
exemplo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; a
vacina contra o mal de Alzheimer já está em estágio final, sendo
testada em humanos; cientistas descobriram um composto que reverte a
degeneração dos neurônios motores superiores, a principal causa da
Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA); &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;pesquisadores
espanhóis estão desenvolvendo uma nova técnica que permitirá que
cegos voltem a enxergarem, através de estímulos elétricos no
córtex occipital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Com
a evolução da tecnologia e da ciência genética, em poucos anos
veremos o florescer do chamado transhumanismo, ou seja, a
transformação da condição humana através do desenvolvimento de
tecnologias capazes de aprimorar o intelecto e a fisiologia humana e,
quem sabe, em uma fase mais longínqua, até mesmo a capacidade de
ressurreição. Inclusive, alguns milionários já contratam empresas
especializadas nos Estados Unidos e na Rússia para manterem seus
corpos em criogenia (criônica) após a morte, pensando na futura
capacidade da ciência de reanimá-los e trazê-los para a vida.
Quando isso for possível, qual será o sentido &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;dos
conceitos religiosos sobre vida após a morte, tais como a promessa
do céu ou o medo do inferno&lt;/span&gt;?
Já que o ser humano terá a capacidade de ir e voltar quando quiser.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE: É O PODER DA NOSSA
MENTE E&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;b&gt;NÃO UM
MILAGRE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A nossa mente tem um poder que é
desconhecido pela maioria das pessoas. Temos o livre arbítrio de
tornar os nossos pensamentos em materialidade na nossa própria
realidade, mas geralmente, não nos damos conta de que foi nós e não
algo externo, que determinou o resultado. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;As
observações e interações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
com “espíritos” não passam de projeções de medo, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;trauma
(por exemplo, a não aceitação da perda de um ente próximo) ou
outros fenômenos psíquicos, como paralisia do sono&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Se através da parapsicologia,
hipnoterapia, mentalismo, entre outros meios, consegue-se convergir a
mente humana a eventos no mundo material, como precognições,
controle psíquico, acesso as memórias esquecidas através de
regressão, controle do sistema nervoso para mitigação de dor, se
nosso cérebro consegue identificar características da personalidade
de outras pessoas, seja &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;por
meio dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
feromônios ou pelos campos elétricos extracelulares existentes no
cérebro, como os do hipocampo e neocórtex, que se irradiam em nossa
volta (o famoso &lt;i&gt;“senti uma
energia negativa”&lt;/i&gt;),
significa que, as profecias, revelações e prodígios não são
elementos exclusivos das liturgias religiosas, pois se consegue
praticá-los fora do ambiente religioso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;m
1924, o psiquiatra e neurologista alemão Hans Berger, obteve o
primeiro traçado eletrencefalográfico humano. Utilizando eletrodos
introduzidos sob o couro cabeludo e um eletrocardiógrafo, Berger
descobriu nas áreas occipitais as oscilações de potencial que
denominou de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;“ondas
alfa”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;.
E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;le&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
estudou durante vários anos o eletrencefalograma humano, publicando
seus trabalhos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;ao
longo da década de 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;930.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;As
informações viajam dentro d&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
neurônios por meio de eletricidade, comunicando-se por sinapses
elétricas ou químicas, produzindo um campo elétrico, em algumas
regiões mais forte do que outras, como ocorre no hipocampo &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;onde
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;ocorre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;
a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;formação
da memória)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;e neocórtex.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;s
ondas cerebrais estão ligadas diretamente aos sentimentos, estados
emocionais, distúrbios psicológicos e estados meditativos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
cérebro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;pode
trabalhar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
em alta frequência, talvez &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;os
quase 100 bilhões de neurônios e 100 trilhões de conexões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
podem produzirem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
um campo elétrico em nossa volta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;,
podendo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
ser detectados pelos receptores nervosos de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;alguém&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
próximo. Pense &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;nesse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
campo elétrico produzido pelo cérebro, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;seria
os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
nossos pensamentos, desejos e memórias pairando pelo ar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Pode
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;ser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
daí a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;origem
da &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;capacidade
d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
nossa mente interagir com o meio ambiente externo, a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;quele
momento de algo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;nos
dizendo sobre aquele lugar ou sujeito antes mesmo de conhecê-lo, ou
aquela conexão com um parente próximo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-align: left; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;A
ligação emocional que o filho tem com sua mãe pode ser algo
semelhante a um entrelaçamento quântico? Não sabemos, vamos a ver.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O
computador mais potente do mundo é o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Sunway
TaihuLight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
uma máquina em operação desde 2016. Sua velocidade máxima é de
125 quatrilhões de cálculos por segundo. O problema desse
supercomputador é o consumo de energia para operar: 15,3 MW.
Enquanto o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Sunway
TaihuLight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
precisa de uma pequena hidrelétrica para funcionar, o nosso cérebro
lê este texto e executa tarefas tão complexas quanto, claro, um
pouco mais lento, usando apenas 10 a 20 watts – menos do que uma
lâmpada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Ademais,
por achar que há uma ligação com o espiritual que muitos ficam se
indagando o porquê determinada pessoa de tão bom caráter morreu de
forma trágica e prematura, enquanto outras, que causa tanto dano a
sociedade, parece nunca chegar o castigo divino. Os tais livramentos
ou castigos nada mais são do que a consequência de uma cadeia de
eventos pretéritos regidos pelas leis naturais ou pela
probabilidade, como um acidente de avião, que acontece como
resultado de uma sequência de erros, se a cadeia de erros é
quebrada, um dos elos é desfeito, o acidente não acontece.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O filósofo Baruch Spinoza, também um
deísta, &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;considerava
os eventos milagrosos das maiores tradições religiosas como
superstições organizadas. Para ele o pensamento mítico
representava um perigo para o futuro dos cidadãos de uma sociedade
que pretendia ser racional e livre. Ele&lt;/span&gt;
escreveu em seu livro&lt;i&gt;
“Tractatus Theologico-Politicus”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;(1670):&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;
Não procure por Deus nos milagres, eles são violações das leis da
natureza, Deus é melhor compreendido nos estudos dessas leis.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
explicação para a maioria das supostas curas é o &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;efeito
placebo&lt;/span&gt;, uma técnica
bastante usada na medicina – a capacidade do cérebro de acreditar
em algo curativo e se curar sozinho, usando pilulas de farinha. É
utilizado em terapias ou procedimentos inertes que apresenta efeitos
terapêuticos devido ao psíquico, ou seja, da crença do paciente de
que ele está sendo tratado, ocasionando uma sensação de bem-estar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;As orações, rituais e objetos
“&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;sagrados”,
como os amuletos,&lt;/span&gt; são
as pilulas de farinha das religiões, atuando como estimulantes
cerebrais na mente de seus fiéis. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;s
emoções dos cultos são potencializadas pela música, pelas
liturgias praticadas e a atmosfera dentro dos templos, e isso exerce
uma influência e estímulo extraordinário no psíquico humano,
acentua as emoções, no processo de hipnose é semelhante ao
pre-talk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O médico alemão Franz Anton Mesmer
(1734-1815), interessado em entender os processos de cura das doenças
humanas, principalmente aquelas de ordem emocional, como a melancolia
e a depressão, começou, em 1774, a praticar um antigo conceito
grego de que os ímãs poderiam interferir no corpo humano, atraindo
ou repelindo doenças pelo magnetismo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Assim, começou a aplicar ímãs em
seus pacientes, observando que esse processo gerava convulsões e,
consequentemente, a tão almejada cura. Ele chegou a conclusão de
que havia um fluido magnético que animava o corpo e era responsável
pela condição de saúde ou doença, denominando-o de &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“magnetismo
animal”&lt;/span&gt;, sendo função
do curador canalizar esse fluído universal para dentro do corpo do
paciente a fim de gerar equilíbrio. Com a evolução de sua técnica,
Mesmer concluiu que os ímãs eram dispensáveis, podendo ele mesmo
canalizar tal fluido universal e orientá-lo no corpo das pessoas por
meio de gestos ou imposição de mãos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Quando em 1778 partiu de Viena para
Paris, sua fama de curador místico já era grande. A fama lhe rendeu
alguns inimigos, principalmente da classe médica e científica. Para
muitos, o que Mesmer fazia não passava de charlatanismo, levando o
rei Luís XVI a criar um comitê para investigar o famoso “magnetismo
animal” e como funcionavam tais práticas, tendo, inclusive,
Benjamim Franklin como um dos membros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Rapidamente perce-beram que as famosas
crises mesméricas, como convulsões, tremores, transe ou desmaios
eram provocados independentemente de um mesmerista, pela simples
crença ou expectativa d&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;o
paciente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.
Quando diziam ao  voluntário que um mesmerista estava na sala (o que
era mentira), prontamente as crises mesméricas começavam. Por outro
lado, mesmo na presença de um mesmerista competente, porém, sem
avisar o paciente voluntário, nenhum fenômeno ocorria. Embora
Mesmer realizasse curas, não sabia ele que tudo era apenas fruto da
fé e expectativa de seus pacientes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Um outro exemplo mais recente e
próximo de nós, é a figura do médium João de Deus, líder da
Casa Dom Inácio de Loyola. As pessoas que o procurava precisavam
está mentalmente receptivas aos seus métodos de curandeirismo, uma
questão de atitude metal, a pessoa precisava querer passar pela
experiência e, acima de tudo, permitir que aquilo acontecesse. E
isso era reforçado pela equipe de funcionários da Casa, que
endossava aquela crença. Essa aceitação somada&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
com a vulnerabilidade do estado &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;psicológico
(emocional) do paciente e a atmosfera do ambiente, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;tornava-se
em condição ideal para o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
pre-talk (a fase pré-hipnótica).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;N&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;a
Casa Dom Inácio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
eram vendidos um “medicamento”, cujos ingredientes apenas alguns
funcionários da Casa conhecia (alegadamente a base de passiflora), o
produto era &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;receitado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
para todos, independentemente dos problemas, sintomas, e sem prévia
consulta. As pessoas eram orientadas a, quando fossem &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;utilizar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
o medicamento, mentalizar qual o problema ele curaria, qual era a sua
maior finalidade. Assim, uma “energia de cura” seria liberada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE: A NOSSA CONEXÃO COM
O MUNDO ESPIRITUAL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Sabemos por meio da astrofísica que
somos produto intrínseco do universo, resultado de um processo
chamado de &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Nucleossíntese
estelar&lt;/span&gt;, em que os
elementos químicos são criados no interior das estrelas e
espalhados pelo espaço através das supernovas que, por sua vez, dar
origem as nuvens moleculares (nebulosas), de onde, posteriormente,
surgem novas estrelas e novos planetas. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;omos
o conjunto de átomos de bilhões de anos, em outras palavras, somos
o universo expressado na forma humana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;É intricante, mas parece que todos os
seres viventes carregam um &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“código
do criador”&lt;/span&gt;. Você
pode ir a qualquer lugar no planeta, seja em uma tribo remota situada
na Polinésia, seja no meio da Amazônia ou no deserto do Niger, pode
até retroceder na história, aos povos primitivos do período
neolítico, verás que sempre &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;houve&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
essa busca constante por Deus, a curiosidade em querer desvendar seus
mistérios. Há algo que impuciona, atrai o ser humano, de forma
instintiva e natural, para essa ligação com o espiritual. A
resposta poderia está dentro de nós?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Apenas 14% do DNA humano contém os
genes responsáveis por carregar as instruções que ensinam nosso
corpo a produzir as proteínas necessárias para o funcionamento do
organismo, é o que os cientistas chamam de &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“codificador”&lt;/span&gt;.
Os 86% restantes ainda não foi decifrado, por isso, costumam
chamá-lo de &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;DNA
lixo&lt;/span&gt;. Em um futuro
próximo, a ciência conseguirá decifrá-lo, e talvez, o elo perdido
com Deus seja descoberto, ou não.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Em 2004 o geneticista Dean Hamer, em
seu livro “&lt;i&gt;The God Gene:
How Faith is Hardwired into our Genes&lt;/i&gt;”,
propôs uma ideia revolucionária, a hipótese da &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“gene
de Deus”&lt;/span&gt;. De acordo
com o geneticista, a espiritualidade tem ligação com um componente
genético chamado de VMAT2 (&lt;i&gt;vesicular
monoamine transporter 2&lt;/i&gt;),
que torna o ser humano predisposto a ter experiências sensoriais,&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;contribuindo
para sensações associadas a experiências místicas e sentimentos
de conexão com um universo maior. Claro que novos estudos precisam
ser realizados para aprofundar o conhecimento, e também, descobrir
quais os fatores que estimularam o desenvolvimento desse gene no
processo evolutivo humano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Os antigos filósofos gregos se
impressionavam com a ordem que permeia o cosmo, e muitos deles, em
especial da academia de Platão, atribuíam à obra de uma mente
inteligente que formou o universo. Nos últimos tempos, a comunidade
científica vem se espantando com descobertas de como é complexo e
sensível o elo de condições iniciais para que o universo permita a
origem e evolução de vida inteligente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A descoberta do ajuste fino cósmico
para vida inteligente levou muitos cientistas a concluir que tal
equilíbrio tão delicado de constantes e quantidades físicas
exigido para a existência de vida não pode ser uma mera
coincidência, parece manifestar a presença de uma inteligência
arquitetural. O Universo não foi criado para seres como nós, ele é
muito hostil para o desenvolvimento da vida, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;parece&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
que tudo foi planejado e não tenha acontecido aleatoriamente pelo
acaso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE: A ORIGEM DAS
RELIGIÕES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O intuito desse artigo não é
convencer, mas unicamente de expor um raciocínio e levá-los ao
questionamento. Para assumir uma nova crença, é necessário estar
pronto para quebrar os laços mais enraizados da personalidade,
quebrar os paradigmas, sempre tomando cuidado para não se perder no
meio desse caminho de descobertas, que vale salientar, deve acontecer
paulatinamente de modo que esses comportamentos pouco frequentes,
prescritos pelo novo conhecimento, vão aos poucos se tornando
habituais, caso contrário, haverá uma completa confusão em sua
mente, um desequilíbrio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, nem todos estão
preparados para, repentinamente, negar a divindade de Jesus,&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;isso esbarra, dentro do
conceito de arquitetura do pensamento social proposto pelo psicólogo&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Jean-Claude &lt;/i&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;i&gt;Abric,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
n&lt;/span&gt;o núcleo central ou
estruturante do psíquico, onde situa os elementos mais
cristalizados, resistente a mudanças, tais como, ideologias e
crenças, em contraponto ao chamado núcleo periférico, mais
instável, que permite a adaptação à realidade com mais
facilidade, onde situa as opiniões e comportamentos sociais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Como surgiu a religião? Provavelmente
o aspecto religioso tenha surgido no período que os antropólogos
denominam de &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;“explosão
criativa do paleolítico superior”&lt;/span&gt;,
ocorrido em torno de 60 mil a 40 mil anos atrás, período &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;em
que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; se
desenvolveu a linguagem, os rituais, prática de enterros, as artes
simbólicas, como as pinturas rupestres, petróglifos, estatuetas e
adornos corporais. É &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;esse
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;período&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
que o &lt;i&gt;homo sapiens&lt;/i&gt;
começou a desenvolver de forma mais acentuada, características
comportamentais semelhantes ao homem moderno.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Segundo teoriza o psicólogo
evolucionário Robin Dunbar, nos primórdios as religiões não
tinham deuses nem códigos morais, era mais uma experiência, que
envolvia êxtase, estado de transe ou uma maneira de dar significado
para as coisas incompreensíveis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Jonathan Turner, Alexandra Maryanski,
Anders Petersen e Armim Geertz, no livro &lt;i&gt;“The
Emergence and Evolution of Religion” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(2017)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;
relatam que esse processo se inicia bem antes,
com o desenvolvimento de
nosso cérebro, há
pelo menos 4,5 milhões de anos, com os &lt;i&gt;Homo&lt;/i&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Australopithecus&lt;/i&gt;.
Eles dizem que as alterações mais importantes têm a ver com as
partes subcorticais do cérebro, o que deu aos hominídeos a
capacidade de sentir um leque mais amplo de emoções. Essas emoções
adicionais promoveram uma conquista crucial para o desenvolvimento da
religião.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Existe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
as chamadas quatro emoções básicas ou primárias, que são: raiva,
medo, tristeza e felicidade. &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Eles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
introduzem o conceito de elaborações de primeira e segunda ordem,
que são emoções que resultam de combinações de duas ou mais
emoções primárias. Por exemplo, culpa e vergonha, duas emoções
cruciais para o desenvolvimento da religião, é a combinação de
tristeza, medo e raiva. A reverência, também muito presente na
religião, é a combinação de medo e felicidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Para
os autores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
é difícil imaginar a religião sem a capacidade de experienciar
essas elaborações emocionais pelo mesmo motivo que é difícil
imaginar grupos sociais sem elas: essa paleta emocional nos une num
nível visceral. E uma vez que essas novas valências de emoções
positivas são neurologicamente possíveis de ser geradas, elas podem
se tornar interligadas com rituais ou outros comportamentos que
produzem ou estimulam tais emoções.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Segundo o
primato-logista Frans de Waal, todas as sociedades têm algum tipo de
religião, não há exceção. Para Waal, há algumas perspectivas
sobre o motivo disso. Uma é chamada de funcionalismo ou
adaptacionismo: a ideia de que a religião tem benefícios
evolucionários positivos, mais frequentemente definidos em termos de
sua contribuição para a vida em grupo. A ideia que, se todas as
sociedades têm religião, deve ter um propósito social.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A partir do
momento que as religiões passaram a ser institucionalizadas,
tornaram-se ferramentas de adestramento social, &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;da
manutenção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
da coesão social. Um bom exemplo é o processo de catequização dos
povos nativos &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;do
novo mundo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
por parte dos missionários jesuítas. Há época, tal processo
ajudava na subjugação e a evitar conflitos prolongados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;TESE:
A DIVINDADE DE CRISTO NÃO EXISTE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;productTitle&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;title&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
O&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
escritor britânico Fitzroy Raglan em seu&lt;/span&gt;
livro “&lt;i&gt;The Hero: A study
in tradition, myth and drama” &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;(1975)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;identifica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
vários padrões comuns em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;iguras
heroicas dos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;mitos
e lendas,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;
tais como, ter uma mãe virgem da realeza; ser filho de rei ou algum
deus; as circunstâncias de sua concepção ser incomum; ao crescer
regressa ou vai para o seu futuro reino; promulga leis de grande
impacto social; tem uma morte misteriosa, em geral no topo de um
monte; etc. Isso é visto em Hércules (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;grego&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;),
Thor (nórdico) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;e
Indra (hindu)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;.
São parâmetros interessantes, que instiga à comparação dos
padrões mitológicos de Jesus com outros personagens religiosos que
o antecedeu, identificando suas profundas semelhanças. Vejamos:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;BUDISMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Como
o budismo poderia ter &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;exercido
influência na Palestina, a mais de 4 mil km de distância? O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
imperador &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Ashoka&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
O grande, unificador do subcontinente indiano, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;cujo
reinado se deu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
entre 268-232 BCE, promoveu a difusão do budismo, enviando
emissários para a Ásia Central e Oriente Médio, a fim &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
propagar suas doutrinas religiosas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Buda, visitou o templo aos 12 anos de
	idade, à semelhança de Jesus. Supostamente, também jejuou na
	solidão, por 47 dias, Jesus jejuou por 40 dias no deserto. Ambos
	tinham quase a mesma idade quando começaram seus ministérios de
	fé. Jesus na Palestina, no auge do império Romano, e Buda na
	região que hoje compreende o Nepal, isso cinco séculos antes do
	nascimento de &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Jesus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.
	
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;firstHeading1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;firstHeading2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
	Outro ponto em comum bastante
	interessante é o local de meditação e ascensão de ambos os
	personagens, Buda frequentava um bosque e sentava embaixo de &lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;uma
	figueira&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;para
	fazer suas meditações, a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Árvore
	de Bodhi (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;situada
	em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Bodh
	Gaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;,
	Índia). E foi sob essa árvore que ele alcançou a iluminação
	espiritual. Jesus fazia rotineiramente suas orações no Getsêmani,
	um campo de oliveiras situado nas redondezas da cidade de Jerusalém.
	No livro de Atos dos Apóstolos, afirma que a ascensão espiritual
	de Jesus ocorreu no monte das Oliveiras. &lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;Segundo a tradição
	budista, Buda foi concebido em uma noite em que sua mãe, chamada
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Maya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;,
	recebeu uma visita espiritual de um ser em forma de elefante branco.
	Na tradição cristã, Maria concebeu Jesus depois da visita do
	arcanjo Gabriel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;ZOROASTRISMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Mais antigo ainda é a história de
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zaratustra&lt;/span&gt;,
um profeta nascido na região da Pérsia. Não existe um consenso em
torno do período em que viveu, os acadêmicos têm situado a sua
vida entre 1.500-1.200 BCE. Ele fundou o Zoroastrismo, a primeira
religião monoteísta da história da humanidade, que tinha como
doutrinas a crença no paraíso, na ressurreição, no juízo final e
na vinda do messias. Bastante praticada na região, acabou se
tornando a religião oficial do &lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Império
Aquemênida &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;550
– 330 BCE)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Nos relatos tradicionais, conta que
	ele nasceu de uma mãe virgem, de acordo com Gathas, o sacerdócio
	provavelmente começou muito cedo, entre os 7 a 15 anos de idade,
	ganhando respeito dos velhos professores, assim como Jesus, que em
	sua juventude teria surpreendido muitos anciões com a sua
	sabedoria.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Aos 30 anos começou seu ministério,
	e foi nessa idade que ocorreu o seu batismo. Segundo a tradição,
	enquanto participava de um ritual de purificação em um rio,
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zaratustra&lt;/span&gt;
	viu um ser de luz que se apresentou como sendo &lt;i&gt;Vohu
	Manah&lt;/i&gt;. No batismo de
	Jesus, também aos 30 anos, apareceu um ser em forma de luz. Até no
	número de parentes &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zaratustra
	e Jesus se assemelham. Zaratustra&lt;/span&gt;
	tinha 4 irmãos homens, cujos nomes são dados na literatura
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pahlavi&lt;/span&gt;.
	Segundo o capítulo 3 do &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Evangelho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
	de Mateus, Jesus também teve 4 irmãos homens.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Durante o seu ministério, &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Zaratustra&lt;/span&gt;
	foi capaz de expulsar demônios e devolver a visão para um cego,
	ganhando muita notoriedade na região. As autoridades civis e
	religiosas opunham-se às suas doutrinas. Os saduceus e fariseus na
	Palestina, se oponham às doutrinas de Jesus. Após a morte de
	Zaratustra, seus seguidores esperavam por sua volta a Terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;HINDUÍSMO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O
hindu é mais uma religião que surgiu em um período pretérito ao
nascimento do cristianismo. Acredita-se que tenha surgido após o
período védico na Índia, entre 500-200 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;BCE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
quando as epopeias e os primeiros puranas foram compostos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	hinduísmo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;devota&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	uma pessoa conhecida como Krishna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	que acredita que foi a manifestação do deus Vishnu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;.
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Os
	seguidores de Krishna o reconhecia como divino&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;lembrando
	a figura de Jesus no cristianismo, que é considerado pelos seus
	seguidores como o Deus encarnado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;A
	semelhança continua quando Kamsa, tio de Krishna, planejava matá-lo
	por medo de perder o trono. Vasudeva, pai de Krishna, o escondeu,
	junto com seus irmãos, para que não fossem mortos. Esse episódio
	lembra a história de Herodes procurando Jesus para matá-lo quando
	ainda era recém nascido, com medo de haver &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;revolução
	popular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	de apoio e posterior perda do trono. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Krishna
	morre ferido por uma flecha, quando um caçador chamado Jara o
	atinge por engano. Krishna o perdoa e logo em  seguida morre. Só
	que ele retorna a vida  tempo depois, de forma transcendente,
	lembrando a ascensão de Jesus, após perdoar o ladrão no Gólgota
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;antes
	de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	morrer na cruz, ressuscitando após 3 dias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;GRÉCIA ANTIGA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O deus grego Dionísio, assim como
	Jesus, morreu e ressuscitou de forma bastante folclórica. Outro
	paralelo pode ser visto quando Dionísio aparece diante do rei
	Pentheus sob a acusação de reivindicar a divindade, o que é
	comparado à cena de Jesus sendo interrogado por Pôncio Pilatos.
	Outros elementos, como a celebração de uma refeição ritualística
	de pão e vinho, também têm paralelos. A omofagia foi o ato
	dionisíaco de comer carne crua e beber vinho para “consumir” o
	deus, bastante semelhante com a concepção da ceia cristã.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O pai de Dionísio era um deus que se
	envolveu em uma relação sexual com uma mulher mortal, ocasionando
	o nascimento de um filho &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;semi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;deus.
	O mesmo padrão se aplica ao nascimento de Jesus, cuja mãe, a
	virgem Maria, recebeu a visita do arcanjo &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Gabriel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;a name=&quot;firstHeading&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
A comparação se estende até
personagens históricos não religiosos. Há comparação do momento
que antecede a prisão de Jesus com os últimos momentos de Sócrates&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
narrado em&lt;/span&gt; um dos
grandes diálogos de Platão, intitulado &lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Fédon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;.
Neste diálogo se extrai o seguinte:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Sócrates foi preso e condenado à
	morte por um júri ateniense por não acreditar nos deuses do Estado
	e de supostamente corromper a juventude da cidade. Semelhante a
	história de Jesus, em que ele teria sido torturado, contudo, não
	abriu a sua boca, agiu como um cordeiro levado ao matadouro. Um dos
	trechos do diálogo narra o momento final de Sócrates:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Depois
de assim falar, levou a taça aos lábios e com toda a naturalidade,
sem vacilar um nada, bebeu até à última gota. Até esse momento
quase todos tínhamos conseguido reter as lágrimas, porém, quando o
vimos beber, ninguém mais aguentou (…).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Sentenciado
	a beber &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;cicuta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	um veneno fatal usado em condenados a morte em &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Atenas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Sócrates
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;passou
	seus últimos momentos junto com seus discípulos, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Críton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Fédon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Apolidoro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Cebes
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;e
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Símias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	Quando o seu corpo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;desfalecia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	ironicamente recordou-se que devia sacrificar um galo a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Esculápio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	o deus da medicina. Antes da prisão e crucificação, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Jesus
	&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;fez
	sua derradeira ceia com seus apóstolos, e igualmente lembrou-se de
	um galo, prevendo que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Pedro
	o negaria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;antes
	que o galo cantasse”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;A
	estória da criação d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;e
	Adão e Eva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
	narrada no livro bíblico de Génesis, é &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;uma
	adaptação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	dos mitos de Prometeu e de Pandora, escritos pelo poeta grego
	Hesíodo no fim do século VIII BCE (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;muito
	anteriores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
	 aos manuscritos do Mar Morto,  considerados as cópias mais antigas
	existentes dos livros da bíblia hebraica,  datados entre 250–100
	BCE). Vejamos um pequeno trecho do mito de Prometeu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 4.63cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Céu
e terra estavam criados. (…) Mas não havia nenhuma criatura onde o
espírito pudesse alojar-se (…). Prometeu, então, chegou a terra.
Ele descendia de deuses que tinham sido derrotados por Zeus (…),
sabia que, no seio da terra, dormia a semente dos céus. Por isso,
apanhou argila, molhou-a em um rio, amassou-a e formou uma imagem à
semelhança dos deuses. (…) Atenas, deusa da sabedoria, admirou a
obra e insuflou naquela imagem o sopro divino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; lang=&quot;pt-PT&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;...&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Como a história de Jesus pode ser
verídica se ela já foi narrada por várias vezes bem antes de &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;seu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
provável &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;nascimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;?
Cada religião é influenciada por outras que a antecederam, sofrendo
adaptações pela cultura local. Eu comparei o cristianismo com o
período pretérito, mas, pode-se comparar, por exemplo, com o
islamismo que surgiu posteriormente e valeu-se de inúmeros elementos
do cristianismo &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;na&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
sua formulação, e assim por diante, religiões influenciando
outras.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Na
bíblia está escrito que fomos comprados pelo sacrifício de Jesus
na cruz. Quem nos vendeu? Como um Deus cria algo e precisa fazer um
sacrifício para comprar sua criação? Na bíblia também está
escrito que Moisés viu Deus, o apóstolo Paulo disse que ninguém
viu Deus. No deserto, satanás seduziu Jesus dizendo: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;“está
vendo tudo isso? É tudo meu, foi dado a mim (…)”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;.
Deus cria tudo, e pega esse tudo, que lhe pertence, e dar para o seu
adversário? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Em
vários versículos a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
bíblia fala &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;que
Deus é um Ser de luz, também fala, no livro de Salmos, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;sobre
a sobra do onipotente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Luz
tem sombra? Se você pegar uma vela acesa e colocá-la perto da
parede, verás apenas a sombra da vela.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Jesus, no máximo, foi  um mero
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;pregador
que buscava renovar o judaísmo, conseguindo arregimentar muitos
seguidores, assim como ocorreu com Martinho Lutero, que desencadeou a
reforma protestante no início do século XVI. Tendo bastante adesão
popular na região da Ásia Menor e toda a bacia do Mediterrâneo, as
lideranças políticas entenderam ser benéfico usar essa nova crença
como a religião do Estado, primeiro ocorrendo no Reino da Armênia
em 301 CE, depois os Romanos, com Constantino I realizando o primeiro
Concílio de Niceia (325 CE), veio o Édito de Tessalônica (380 CE),
que foi incorporado ao Código Teodósio. A elevação da figura de
Jesus ao patamar de divindade ocorreu oficialmente apenas no primeiro
Concílio de Constantinopla, em 381 CE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSÕES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Durante alguns anos pensei que minha
fé era fraca e que eu não era um bom cristão, precisava orar e ler
mais a bíblia. Havia muitas coisas que desafiavam a razão, e o
pior, muitas coisas que retratavam Deus como etnocêntrico, ambíguo,
emocional e duvidoso. Isso é uma característica mais humana do que
divina. As pessoas não precisam viver sob a ameaça da condenação
ao inferno só porque acreditam em coisas que desafiam a lógica. A
ameaça da condenação e a promessa da vida eterna não são
comprovadas e não têm fundamento epistemológico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;A
bíblia impõe uma trava de segurança a ousadia dos pensamentos.
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Essa
proibição&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
é imposta&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
desde &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;o
início da bíblia, quando &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;a
história de Eva e Adão no J&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;ardim
do Éden, Deus proíbe os dois moradores de comerem do fruto da
árvore do conhecimento, cujo descumprimento acarretaria em morte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;No
Evangelho de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
Lucas capítulo 12 e no &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;Evangelho&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
Marcos capítulo 3 diz que todos os pecados são perdoáveis, exceto
um, negar &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;a
divindade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,
se fizer isso, estará condenado eternamente.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;
Se alguém ousar questionar a falta de evidências cometerá o maior
crime no fundamentalismo cristão, que é pensar de forma livre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Religiões
são áreas nas quais tolera-se dogmas sem critica. Negar que o
Holocausto existiu ou declarar que conversa rotineiramente com &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;o
ET Bilú&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,
são tomados como sinônimos de loucura. É assim porque desafiamos
pessoas que acreditam fortemente em algo sem evidências ou com
contradições muito fortes, exceto, em temas de fé.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;O filósofo Immanuel Kant disse que o
intelecto humano pode e deve ser medido pela sua capacidade de
colecionar incertezas (não colecionar certezas). Porque o intelecto
humano sadio ele não deve dar-se por sabido aquilo que ele ainda
precisa descobrir. Mas o que as religiões fizeram, via teologia?
Inundaram o ser humano de certezas que não são reais. O ser humano,
de tanto escutar &lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;essas
doutrinas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
a cada século, passando de gerações para
gerações, essas certezas
&lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;geram,
com a mesmice, uma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
produção &lt;span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;paupérrima
de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
conexões neurais, passando
milênios sendo o mesmo tipo de ser humano, apequenados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
conclusão que se chega com essa breve análise é que, pode até
haver evidências &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
um princípio criador,
a crença em um Deus segue razoavelmente de observações da ordem
natural quase perfeita do cosmo, onde tudo parece funcionar como uma
engrenagem (claro, até haver uma &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;descoberta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
científica concreta). Ao mesmo
tempo que há elementos suficientes comprovando que as religiões são
meras obras humanas, sem nenhum aspecto de divindade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Os
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;defensores&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
da existência de uma inteligência criadora dizem que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;os&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
sinais estão &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;presentes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
nos detalhes, na precisão do Universo. Por exemplo, se as forças
fundamentais da natureza (gravidade, eletromagnetismo, nuclear fraca
e nuclear forte) fossem um pouco &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;maiore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;s
ou um pouco &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;menores
do que são&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;,
o Universo entraria em colapso e a vida não existiria. Essas forças
estão precisamente na intensidade certa. São muitas variáveis que
estão em perfeito equilíbrio que dificilmente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;seria
apenas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
pelo acaso ou um fenômeno aleatório.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;ssim
como ocorreu com os humanos primitivos, atualmente levamos para o
lado do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;aspecto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
da divindade por falta de uma resposta científica que &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;consiga
sanar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;perguntas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
como;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;uem
criou a singularidade inicial (big-bang)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Qual
a explicação da tamanha precisão do universo ou das leis naturais
(por exemplo, a lei natural que define que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;letter-spacing: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt-BR&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;
a órbita de um planeta em torno de sua Estrela será sempre elíptica
– primeira Lei de Kepler –, não importa em qual lugar do
universo esteja)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-indent: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;Winston Churchill, em sua juventude,
certa vez escreveu em uma carta para um amigo:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot; class=&quot;western&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 3cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: times;&quot;&gt;(…)
a cintilante luz fria da ciência e da razão brilhará através das
janelas das catedrais e enfim sairemos aos campos para procurar Deus
por nós próprios, e as grandes leis da natureza serão
compreendidas (…). &lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/6786594340166126265/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/as-razoes-de-ser-deista-e-o-lugar-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6786594340166126265'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6786594340166126265'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2022/10/as-razoes-de-ser-deista-e-o-lugar-de.html' title='AS RAZÕES DE SER DEÍSTA E O LUGAR DE DEUS NESSE CONTEXTO'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-9212775402722425827</id><published>2020-08-26T13:55:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2021-02-19T14:56:55.243-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mísseis de Ataque Hipersônico</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;CONCEITO DE MÍSSIL HIPERSÔNICO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os mísseis e outros veículos voadores podem viajar em quatro faixas de velocidade:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;mísseis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;subsônicos &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;voam abaixo da velocidade do som (Mach 1 - 1.234 km / h);&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;mísseis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;supersônicos &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;voam entre Mach 1 e Mach 5, ou seja, entre 1.235 a 6.174 km / h;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;mísseis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;hipersônicos &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;viajam em velocidades entre Mach 5 e Mach 25, ou seja, entre 6.174&amp;nbsp;a 30.870 km / h;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;os veículos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;ultrassônicos &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;ultrapassam Mach 25.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;A primeira geração de mísseis com capacidade hipersônica foram os mísseis balísticos (especialmente os intercontinentais – ICBMs), com uma velocidade máxima podendo chegar ao regime ultrassônico em alguns casos. Ou seja,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;a velocidade hipersônica em si não é novidade há pelo menos 60 anos&lt;/span&gt;. Mas qual é a novidade dos novos mísseis de ataque hipersônico?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic missiles can be maneuverable and travel at approximately 5,000 to 25,000 kilometers per hour, or one to five miles per second.&quot;&gt;O conceito atual de míssil de ataque hipersônico prega, além de uma velocidade hipersônica, a capacidade de realizar manobras durante o voo, normalmente em altitudes entre 30 a 100 km.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;These characteristics of high speed, maneuverability, and unusual altitudes make them both challenging to the best missile defenses now envisioned and, until the last minutes of flight, unpredictable as to their targets.&quot;&gt;Essas características de alta velocidade, manobrabilidade e altitudes tornam-se desafiantes para as melhores defesas antimísseis atuais e, até os últimos minutos de voo, torna esses artefatos imprevisíveis quanto ao seu alvo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #303030; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px auto 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;TIPOS DE MISSEIS DE ATAQUE HIPERSÔNICO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Veículo Planador Hipersônico (HGV – Hypersonic Glide Vehicles)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;Os HGVs são lançados por foguetes que chegam até a atmosfera superior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;, ou seja, entre 40 a 150 km de altitude, onde são ejetados e voam para seu destino &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;“planando”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em velocidade entre Mach 10 e Mach 25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;The initial release conditions are driven by the intended trajectory (downrange and crossrange) and the characteristics of the vehicle, e.g., lift and drag.&quot;&gt;As condições iniciais de liberação são conduzidas pela trajetória pretendida e pelas características do veículo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Os HGVs possuem um motor foguete de aceleração semelhante aos dos mísseis balísticos, alguns utilizam inclusive o mesmo motor foguete, mas diferem quanto à carga útil e o perfil de voo. Enquanto os mísseis balísticos atingem centenas de quilômetros de altitude e utilizam veículos de reentrada&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;atmosférica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(RV – Reentry Vehicle), com uma trajetória puramente balística (como uma bala de canhão atirada para cima), o HGV é um sistema planador capaz de gerar mais sustentação e realizar manobras durante grande parte do voo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Um HGV pode variar o seu ponto de impacto e a trajetória ao longo do voo e voar em altitudes mais baixas em comparação aos RVs tradicionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;364&quot; data-original-width=&quot;648&quot; height=&quot;364&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJoP9W5VNra86jthZZkKCTFLV7FMQB0k9d5CNBQWiYENrPUKPdvowKgOjbOOoKWM4yi4kGyBxiergFu-SVxynZCAb9dS5DDF7voXEbZunTzaAICsFfu4R15QsNwOh_ot2Lkjin3Nn8_Ss0/w648-h364/20171008_084636-e1583666462781.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; width=&quot;648&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #303030; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Trajetória de um míssil balístico convencional (RV) vs HGV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;É importante destacar que a velocidade máxima do HGV, assim como nos RVs, é alcançada ainda na fase de aceleração quando o motor foguete ainda está acionado para a subida. A velocidade do HGV diminui gradativamente ao longo do tempo após essa fase de aceleração, principalmente na fase terminal conforme ele entra mais fundo na atmosfera. O HGV tende a voar mais tempo em altitudes mais baixas do que os RVs dos mísseis balísticos convencionais, exigindo assim uma proteção térmica específica para este perfil de voo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Embora os HGVs geralmente não sejam alimentados por um motor, um pequeno sistema de propulsão para proporcionar velocidade adicional ou alguma altitude ou controle direcional também pode ser integrado ao veículo. No entanto, um motor adicional precisaria ser analisado em virtude dos custos associados ao incremento de peso e à complexidade técnica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Alguns tipos de RVs, como o Veículo de Reentrada Manobrável (MaRV – Maneuverable Reentry Vehicle), são capazes de manobrar na fase terminal do voo, mas sem alcançar um perfil de voo tão horizontal e manobrável quanto um HGV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;365&quot; data-original-width=&quot;648&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrqh6G5aJ9ROq10PQzka__K8rzThKYcO04BnbQ3_ZDWP0W-mv6IDDtzcfC7s3CPuEaDl8nNBhggLwIoZJqTSHzeOAn72CVQKtp2GAECnia0JDJhaXMOaQJ260QFNuXn_MJ9aW1MqEjE5t7/s16000/screenshot_20171005-215919-e1583669326574.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;O HGV pode ser dividido em dois grupos, o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;planador em forma de cone&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;planador em forma de cuia&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;HGV cônico:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Possui um design muito próximo de um MaRV (Maneuverable Reentry Vehicle) utilizado em alguns mísseis balísticos. Os MaRVs basicamente são RVs capazes de realizar manobras limitadas na fase terminal do voo. Eles normalmente possuem pequenas aletas de direcionamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Visualmente a diferença entre um MaRV e um HGV cônico é que as aletas de direcionamento deste último são maiores, gerando assim mais sustentação e capacidade de manobra. Visualmente os MaRVs e HGVs cônico poderão ser relativamente próximos, mas o HGV cônico ainda terá um perfil de voo mais horizontal e manobrável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Alguns sistemas como o míssil balístico russo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kh-47M2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kinzhal, lançado a partir do MiG-31, podem gerar ainda mais confusão, mas basta uma análise mais cuidadosa para verificar que neste caso trata-se de um sistema balístico manobrável e não um HGV.&amp;nbsp;O Kinzhal não possui um veículo planador destacável, todo o corpo do míssil voa até o alvo, e claramente possui aletas de direcionamento com área alar&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;pequena&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;para o tamanho do míssil, inviabilizando assim um voo mais horizontal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;Uo8X3b&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); color: #222222; font-weight: normal; height: 1px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 1px; z-index: -1000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Resultados da pesquisa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div data-async-context=&quot;query:kinzhal%20missile&quot; eid=&quot;A7ZGX4bVM6695OUP8P6GgA0&quot; id=&quot;rso&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #222222; margin-top: 6px;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;h2 class=&quot;Uo8X3b&quot; style=&quot;clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: absolute; white-space: nowrap; width: 1px; z-index: -1000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
Resultados da WebKinzhal não possui um veículo planador destacável, todo o corpo do míssil voa até o alvo, e claramente possui aletas de direcionamento com pequena área alar para o tamanho do míssil, inviabilizando assim um voo mais horizontal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;O Kinzhal está mais próximo de um MaRV do que de um míssil hipersônico com HGV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;HGV em forma de cuia:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Possui um design mais inovador, com mais sustentação e manobrabilidade do que o HGV cônico, ele representa de fato uma capacidade tecnológica disruptiva em relação aos MaRVs dos mísseis balísticos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;364&quot; data-original-width=&quot;648&quot; height=&quot;280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOIh1RKhD4hkTzOvEsIlO2l_UAdsEtL4PlGeBqcLxO13_zkAFW6w4qra_BG_k_RM-TJH7r34rby_7pv7TMvKIBGTgHyLBrYu8Wn7Xtk6qIxP5ICZndorMPhf5H5p1UbX80OlmhMroOZzJg/w592-h280/falcon-2-e1583089608466.jpg&quot; width=&quot;592&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Míssil de Cruzeiro Hipersônico (HCM – Hypersonic Cruise Missile)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Os HCM são alimentados durante todo o caminho até seu destino por um motor a jato&amp;nbsp; scramjet, que são acionados após uma aceleração inicial fornecida por um motor auxiliar de aceleração (booster), que leva o míssil até uma velocidade próxima de Mach 5. São versões mais rápidas dos atuais mísseis de cruzeiro, voando entre Mach 5 e Mach 10 a uma altitude de 30 a 50 km durante a fase de cruzeiro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;255&quot; data-original-width=&quot;480&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf7K-zS_SrfGwYR_7fHugVfxYLzf7vKylxPMahGqD4a-teylei-xL5nWHuB8WKapysiTbl5BKgSNveMp3wyN83BCeQgv_4-34tPT5OfHYukj2veE7hLWkocPxHgkoo5TYIYlQYJJ3r4iHV/s16000/hqdefault.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Tanto o HGV quanto o HCM podem ser lançados a partir de plataformas terrestres, aéreas ou marítimas. Enquanto o HGV plana entre 50 a 100 km de altitude, a uma velocidade de até Mach 25, o HCM voa entre 30 e 50 km de altitude a uma velocidade de até Mach 10, porém com mais flexibilidade e capacidade de manobrabilidade do que o HGV, por ser alimentado durante todo o voo pelo motor scramjet.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;Como HCM utiliza o oxigênio atmosférico como combustível, um HCM com o mesmo peso de um HGV terá maior alcance do que este último.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;O tamanho mais compacto e maior manobrabilidade do HCM o torna um desafio ainda maior para as defesas antiaéreas do inimigo, sendo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;muito mais difíceis de se interceptar do que os mísseis balísticos tradicionais. Além disso, sua altitude de voo resultam em um aviso prévio menor em relação aos mísseis balísticos convencionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #303030; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px auto 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ESFORÇO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic missiles are currently being developed mainly by the United States, Russia, and China.&quot;&gt;Os mísseis de ataque hipersônico estão atualmente sendo desenvolvidos principalmente pelos Estados Unidos, Rússia e China.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Other countries besides these three are also developing hypersonic technology to some degree.&quot;&gt;Outros países além desses três também estão desenvolvendo tecnologia hipersônica, mas, em uma fase bem mais inicial, principalmente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;France and India are the most committed, and both draw to some extent on cooperation with Russia.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;a Índia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Existe uma diferença básica entre os esforços dos EUA, Rússia e China. Enquanto a Rússia foca no uso principalmente estratégico, os EUA focam exclusivamente no uso tático. A China parece seguir uma linha mais próxima da americana. Isso significa que para os russos o esforço hipersônico deve garantir principalmente sua capacidade de atingir o território dos EUA em um ataque nuclear intercontinental, contra grandes alvos fixos, enquanto EUA e China buscam uma capacidade de ataque dentro de um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;determinado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;teatro de operações.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;A abordagem americana, e provavelmente a chinesa, é mais desafiadora do que a russa, já que exige mísseis com sistema de aquisição de alvos e orientação / guiamento mais precisos. O nível de precisão exigido em um ataque tático com ogiva não nuclear é consideravelmente maior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;The current situation, with hypersonic research openly disseminated and widely spread among governments, industries, and universities, presents challenges for nonproliferation.&quot;&gt;A situação atual, com pesquisas hipersônicas amplamente&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;divulgadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;disseminadas entre governos, indústrias e setor acadêmico, apresenta desafios para a sua não-proliferação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;On the other hand, there are formidable technical barriers to mastering such hypersonic technologies: thermal management and materials;&quot;&gt;Por outro lado, existem barreiras orçamentárias e técnicas formidáveis para dominar tais tecnologias hipersônicas: gerenciamento térmico de materiais;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;air vehicle and flight control;&quot;&gt;controle de voo,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;propulsion for HCMs;&quot;&gt;propulsão,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;and testing, modeling, and simulation.&quot;&gt;testes, modelagem, guiamento e simulação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;In addition, there are serious economic uncertainties about the market for some commercial applications, including hypersonic airliners.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;All these raise the possibility that, with restraint in international cooperation, the diffusion of hypersonic missiles can be limited&quot;&gt;Todos estes elementos levantam a possibilidade de que, com a restrição na cooperação internacional, a difusão de mísseis hipersônicos pode ser limitada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic weapons will not be fielded in quantity for perhaps another decade, and the proliferation to lesser nations would come later—after ballistic missile defenses had been improved and more widely deployed.&quot;&gt;As armas hipersônicas não serão implantadas em escala em menos de uma década, e a proliferação para as nações menores virá muito mais tarde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #303030; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px auto 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;IMPACTO NO CAMPO DE BATALHA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Impacto Ofensivo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;De uma perspectiva ofensiva, enquanto um RV deve atingir apenas um alvo fixo e um MaRV pode potencialmente atingir um alvo móvel lento, como um porta-aviões, a manobrabilidade do HGVs pode potencialmente fornecer a capacidade de ser atualizado em voo para atacar um alvo diferente do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;originalmente&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;planejado. Os HGVs são inerentemente manobráveis&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;desde o momento em que começam a sua fase de planeio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;até a maior parte do tempo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;, podendo desviar de sistemas de defesa aérea. Com a capacidade de voar em trajetórias imprevisíveis, esses mísseis colocarão grandes áreas em risco durante sua missão. Os sistemas de rastreamento só podem estimar o ponto de impacto de um HGV no último minuto de seu voo, que pode variar fortemente sua trajetória tanto em escala descendente como transversal, até a fase final.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;No caso do HCM, a imprevisibilidade quanto ao alvo é ainda maior do que no HGV, já que o motor scramjet capaz de alimentar o míssil durante quase todo o voo, permite ao míssil manobrar de forma mais aguda e readquirir um novo alvo até os momentos finais de sua trajetória, colocando áreas ainda maiores sob risco. O HCM e um sistema mais compacto e adequado a um ataque de saturação, já que mais mísseis poderão ser transportados e lançados por uma plataforma de lançamento, como um avião bombardeiro ou belonave. O HCM também é mais adequado à aquisição terminal do alvo através de um sistema de orientação, como um buscador com radar ativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Linha de Tempo Comprimida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Nations that do not possess (or have access to) space-based sensor systems to detect ballistic missile launches and that rely on ground-based sensors, such as radars, to detect incoming mid- to long-range ballistic missiles, could experience a further&quot;&gt;As nações que não possuem (ou têm acesso a) sistemas de sensores satelitais para detectar lançamentos de mísseis balísticos e que dependem de radares baseados no solo para detectar mísseis balísticos de médio e longo alcance, poderão experimentar uma outra&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;compression of their decision/ response timelines.&quot;&gt;compressão em seu tempo de resposta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;The reasoning is that typical ballistic missiles tend to fly at higher altitudes than HGVs and should therefore be detectable earlier.&quot;&gt;O raciocínio é que os mísseis balísticos típicos tendem a voar em altitudes mais elevadas do que os HGVs e, portanto, devem ser detectados com mais antecedência.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Due to the Earth’s curvature and the HGV’s low-gliding altitude as compared with that of a similar range ballistic missile, radar or other line-of-site sensors will likely not detect an HGV as early as they would a ballistic missile.&quot;&gt;Devido à curvatura da Terra e à baixa altitude de voo do HGV em comparação com a de um míssil balístico convencional de alcance similar, o radar em solo provavelmente não detectarão um HGV tão cedo,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;For example, a radar operating from the surface of a smooth Earth would detect a 3,000-km-range RV about 12 minutes before impact, but would not detect an HGV until about six minutes before impact.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;diminuindo em mais de 50% o tempo de alerta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic missiles also increase the expectation of a disarming attack.&quot;&gt;Os HGVs aumentam a probabilidade de um ataque bem sucedido. E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;These threats encourage the threatened nations to take such actions as devolution of command and control of strategic forces, wider dispersion of such forces, a launch-on-warning posture, or a policy of preemption during a crisis.&quot;&gt;ssas armas encorajam as nações ameaçadas a tomar ações como a restruturação do comando e controle de forças estratégicas para um nível mais baixo, maior dispersão de tais forças e uma postura constante de alerta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;In short, hypersonic threats encourage hair-trigger tactics that would increase crisis instability.&quot;&gt;Em suma, ameaças hipersônicas encorajam táticas de gatilho, ou seja, estimulam as nações ameaçadas a atacarem primeiro, o que aumentaria a instabilidade, gerando crises geopolíticas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Enquanto os HGVs entregam um ganho real em relação ao tempo de alerta em relação aos mísseis balísticos, os HCMs não irão diferir muito em relação aos mísseis de cruzeiro tradicionais. O HCM pode ser até 10 vezes mais rápido do que um míssil de cruzeiro subsônico, porém voam a cerca de 30 km de altitude, podendo ser detectado a aproximadamente 300 km por um radar na superfície, enquanto isso os mísseis de cruzeiro tradicionais voam rente ao solo ou mar (5-10 m), limitando sua detecção a aproximadamente 25-30 km do ponto de impacto em relação a um radar na superfície (talvez a estratégia de possuir mísseis de cruzeiro &lt;i&gt;supersônico &lt;/i&gt;seja mais eficiente). Um HCM pode até voar mais baixo, mas isso comprometeria a sua capacidade máxima de alcance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Defesa Contra Armas Hipersônicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic missiles do not necessarily increase the vulnerability of nations that do not have missile defenses;&quot;&gt;Os mísseis hipersônicos não aumentam necessariamente a vulnerabilidade das nações que não possuem defesas antimísseis,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;they are already vulnerable to current types of missiles.&quot;&gt;elas já são vulneráveis aos tipos atuais de mísseis.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;However, an increasing number of nations are acquiring missile defenses that could be penetrated by hypersonic missiles.&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Um número crescente de nações detêm defesas antimísseis que poderiam ser penetradas por mísseis hipersônicos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;Devido a alta velocidade alcançadas pelos mísseis hipersônicos na fase de descida,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cria-se uma camada de plasma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;ao redor do míssil,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;However, an increasing number of nations are acquiring missile defenses that could be penetrated by hypersonic missiles.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;absorvendo quaisquer ondas de radar, reduzindo drasticamente a sua assinatura RCS (Radar Cross Section).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;A hypersonic attack could occur with very little warning time;&quot;&gt;Um ataque hipersônico com HGV, por exemplo, pode ocorrer com pouco tempo de advertência em relação a um com mísseis balísticos convencionais, e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;this factor and the unpredictability of the targets of a hypersonic attack compress the timeline for response by the party being attacked.&quot;&gt;sse fator somado com a imprevisibilidade dos alvos de um ataque hipersônico comprimem a linha de tempo para a resposta de defesa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) are launched by rockets into near space,&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;pt&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;Existem grandes diferenças defensivas entre MaRVs e HGVs. As manobras de pós-reentrada de alta força G para ambos os veículos desafiarão as defesas terminais, mas como a maior parte da trajetória do MaRV é exoatmosférica, sistemas de defesa de mísseis balísticos que operam na região exoatmosférica, como o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #202122; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;GMD (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #202122; font-family: verdana; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Ground-Based Midcourse Defense)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;, o míssil&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #202122; font-family: verdana; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;RIM-161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;SM-3 e em parte o THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;permanecem efetivos contra os MaRVs enquanto não entrar na atmosfera, mas não contra os HGVs, que voam a maior parte do tempo na atmosfera superior. Em outras palavras, em relação as defesas terminais exoatmosféricas, um MaRV possui todas as vulnerabilidades de um RV balístico, enquanto o HGV torna essas defesas quase inúteis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;As defesas terminais com capacidade de envolver os HGVs serão as endoatmosféricas, que atuam abaixo dos 100 km de altitude. Atualmente os EUA planejam expandir o envelope do THAAD (sistema exo/endoatmosférico) para adicionar os ICBMs e HGVs como um alvo em potencial. O míssil&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #4d5156; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;RIM-174&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;SM-6 deve ser testado contra um HGV até 2023. Ambos, porém, serão sistemas tradicionais com uma expansão incremental do envelope de engajamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;365&quot; data-original-width=&quot;648&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NQpjlv5ZK_4BR5UAM65ML0GleBYev8oDS2BtoAPzQxaBwZUWaYsTxL7ElVrUOW2s8qyzsvy6v-ixfcFvx6JXPvLBYsxMxx254OClNWR1T92Ps1K9k7R6uhx4X5U2sV36BYVzioMSyi6C/s16000/https___api.thedrive.com_wp-content_uploads_2019_03_adddadadad.jpeg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;míssil RIM-174 SM-6 sendo lançado de um destroyer da classe Arleigh Burke.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;O ideal contra a ameaça HGV é o desenvolvimento de uma nova geração de defesas terminais especializadas nesta função. Recentemente a DARPA concedeu à Northrop Grumman um contrato de US$ 13 milhões para estudar a defesa contra armas hipersônicas dentro do programa chamado &lt;i&gt;Glide Breaker&lt;/i&gt;, com os testes iniciais ocorrendo em 2020.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;Se as defesa contra os HGVs já é uma tarefa desafiadora, contra os HCMs o desafio será ainda maior, já que esses últimos voam muito mais baixo e são mais manobráveis do que os HGVs.&amp;nbsp; A defesa contra HCMs provavelmente envolverá sistemas com energia dirigida concentrada (laser), guerra eletrônica, pulso eletromagnético e interceptadores cinéticos de nova geração.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Nations that do not possess advanced defense systems capable of defending against ballistic missiles would likely not experience as great a change in threat from these new weapons because they are already vulnerable to ballistic missiles.&quot;&gt;As nações que não possuem sistemas avançados de defesa capazes de defender-se contra mísseis balísticos tradicionais provavelmente não experimentarão uma grande mudança na ameaça dessas novas armas porque já são vulneráveis, a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;The possible exception is warning time.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;possível exceção é o tempo de alerta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; title=&quot;Hypersonic weapons do substantially increase the threat for nations with otherwise effective missile defenses.&quot;&gt;As armas hipersônicas aumentam substancialmente a ameaça para as nações com defesas antimísseis que atualmente são eficazes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #303030; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px auto 12px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #993366; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;LIMITAÇÕES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Comunicação e Aquisição de Alvo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A velocidade hipersônica gera desafios de comunicação e aquisição de alvo. Velocidades muito altas na atmosfera formam um invólucro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;de plasma em torno do míssil. Consequentemente, tornando o trabalho dos sistemas de comunicação e aquisição de alvo tradicionais impossível. Só pode haver duas soluções: reduzir a velocidade (após a qual o míssil se torna simplesmente supersônico, perdendo sua principal vantagem) ou, de alguma forma, fornecer uma &lt;i&gt;“saída do plasma”&lt;/i&gt; para as antenas de comunicação e aquisição de alvo. Teoricamente, isso é possível. No entanto, é preciso entender objetivamente que isso leva a uma limitação das características dos canais de comunicação e aquisição de alvo (em comparação com as capacidades dos &lt;i&gt;“mísseis clássicos”&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;As novas armas hipersônicas, para serem efetivas contra alvos móveis, requerem uma designação de alvos muito precisa, cujos requisitos são muito mais altos do que, por exemplo, para os mísseis antinavio convencionais. Soma-se a isso a grande velocidade do míssil e o intervalo de aquisição do alvo na fase terminal, tornando-se extremamente desafiador e passível de ser explorado pelo adversário. Os problemas de aquisição têm soluções, mas apenas na forma de sistemas de inteligência, busca, reconhecimento e aquisição de alvos perfeitamente integrados em um teatro operacional, e não na forma de um “conjunto” de sistemas separados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Custos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Além dos desafios inerentes à velocidade, a maior limitação atual dos mísseis hipersônicos é seu elevado custo. Considerando a existência de um inimigo com um grande número de alvos, a quantidade de mísseis hipersônicos necessários para sua destruição está além da capacidade orçamentária de qualquer país. Os&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;mísseis convencionais serão inevitavelmente a base do arsenal, além disso, quando taticamente bem utilizadas, eles ainda são capazes de atingir seus objetivos com eficiência.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Os mísseis hipersônicos serão um meio de amplificação qualitativa – para destruir alvos taticamente mais valiosos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;No campo estratégico, por exemplo, um HGV com ogiva nuclear e capacidade intercontinental não entrega muito mais do que os atuais ICBMs, já que&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;atualmente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;não existe um escudo antimíssil implantado ou previsto capaz de conter um ataque de saturação ICBM tradicional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;. No campo tático, os HGVs e HCMs com ogiva convencional, para justificarem sua serventia, devem ser voltados contra alvos de grande valor tático, como Carrier Strike Group, defesas antiaéreas (para possibilitar operações aéreas na zona inimiga), Centro de Comando e Controle (C2), infraestruturas utilizadas para o esforço de guerra que estejam fortemente defendidas ou em zonas longínquas, como parques industriais, usinas elétricas e terminais de carga (ferroviário, marítimo e aéreo)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: verdana;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #303030; margin: 0px 0px 24px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Conteúdo original:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tecnomilitar.wordpress.com/2020/03/23/misseis-de-ataque-hipersonico/&quot; style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;https://tecnomilitar.wordpress.com/2020/03/23/misseis-de-ataque-hipersonico/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;(a transcrição para essa página sofreu algumas adaptações).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/9212775402722425827/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2020/08/misseis-de-ataque-hipersonico.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/9212775402722425827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/9212775402722425827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2020/08/misseis-de-ataque-hipersonico.html' title='Mísseis de Ataque Hipersônico'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJoP9W5VNra86jthZZkKCTFLV7FMQB0k9d5CNBQWiYENrPUKPdvowKgOjbOOoKWM4yi4kGyBxiergFu-SVxynZCAb9dS5DDF7voXEbZunTzaAICsFfu4R15QsNwOh_ot2Lkjin3Nn8_Ss0/s72-w648-h364-c/20171008_084636-e1583666462781.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-1490521207227295564</id><published>2019-07-19T20:28:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2019-07-19T20:30:00.184-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como somos Insignificantes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;(clique nas imagens para amplia-las)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/1490521207227295564/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2019/07/como-somos-insignificantes.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1490521207227295564'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1490521207227295564'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2019/07/como-somos-insignificantes.html' title='Como somos Insignificantes'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitENz2rpykoSYezo28_jWK_8wZm2yN-D_2Pr6JzoPcjxy0wJd7W00K4zV2g90eUEisVVYDEejMle8aXQyHyheavHP5MfLe8eudsu6fEf0KSkc1s92dSL9AMlvwEfPjbC8KqO38xdBSQiya/s72-c/copia+1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-4199059298013632316</id><published>2019-03-13T17:24:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2019-03-22T06:26:36.573-07:00</updated><title type='text'>José Monserrat Filho: Um Direito só para Marte?</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3v7NsgLHHBho44hr1QHQzSC4knT-0ZgGydS01IZFv6ujXRdYKfjrJfSgnTQrncDda_I37ZufCoLCP3dcalyprTw5DCpEIqsnhTDItRKCtXGEuKX3tvcJptiEGZuyMeg0SBuQbZUJz05J/s1600/mars-wallpapers-62585-461491.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;900&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1600&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3v7NsgLHHBho44hr1QHQzSC4knT-0ZgGydS01IZFv6ujXRdYKfjrJfSgnTQrncDda_I37ZufCoLCP3dcalyprTw5DCpEIqsnhTDItRKCtXGEuKX3tvcJptiEGZuyMeg0SBuQbZUJz05J/s640/mars-wallpapers-62585-461491.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;vista da superfície de Marte.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;
“&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Os humanos parecem estar na rota inevitável para colonizar Marte&lt;/i&gt;”&lt;/strong&gt;, escreve Gbenga Oduntan, professor e pesquisador da Escola de Direito da Universidade de Kent, Reino Unido. Vale, então, perguntar – acrescenta ele – “&lt;i&gt;que leis governarão os humanos em Marte?&lt;/i&gt;” Ou seja, como será colonizado o “planeta vermelho”? Boa pergunta.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Estão de olho em Marte&lt;/strong&gt;: EUA, China, Emirados Árabes Unidos, Europa e pelo menos duas grandes empresas privadas de atuação global.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666; font-family: &amp;quot;Open Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;
A NASA planeja chegar lá até a década de 2030. O milionário norte-americano Elon Musk&amp;nbsp; – fundador da SpaceX, criadora do poderoso foguete reutilizável Falcon 9 – e a empresa aeroespacial Lockheed Martin, anunciaram viagens e estações separadas a Marte, entre 2022 e 2028.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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A China deseja estar lá em 2020 e para isso desenvolveu um lançador extremamente poderoso. O novo foguete desafia a física e permitiria a humanos fazer uma viagem a Marte, não em meses, mas em semanas. A Europa lançou a primeira missão a Marte – a nave Mars Express e a sonda Beogle-2, em junho de 2003, pelo foguete russo Soyuz-Fregat, a partir da base de Baikonur, no Casaquistão. A Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA) segue interessada em Marte, embora hoje dê prioridade ao projeto&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Moon Village&lt;/em&gt;, para criar um primeiro núcleo humano permanente na Lua. A Lua – tudo indica – será um excelente trampolim para Marte. Essa é a ideia.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pesquisas científicas sobre o “Eldorado marciano”&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;fazem dele – como já foi dito – “um sonho viável a uma velocidade deslumbrante”. Há sonhos, sim, mas, sobretudo, há em jogo avassaladores interesses econômicos, políticos e estratégicos. Nos anos 60, houve uma corrida à Lua. Agora, há uma corrida a Marte. Chegando à Lua, em julho de 1969, antes da URSS, os EUA se disseram vencedores, alegando terem superado a liderança soviética, estabelecida com o lançamento do Sputnik-1, em outubro de 1957, com a façanha de Iuri Gagarin, primeiro humano a orbitar a Terra, além de outras operações espaciais pioneiras. Mas em 1972, o então presidente Nixon acabou com o projeto Apollo, que promovia a corrida lunar. Os EUA gastavam, então, bilhões de dólares entre a corrida espacial e a guerra no Vietnã. A corrida a Marte será diferente, espera-se. Mas ainda falta saber como ela será financiada e a que leis estará submetida.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;O planeta Terra já tem um Direito Espacial Internacional&lt;/strong&gt;, criado nos anos 60 e 70. Seus princípios estão consagrados no Tratado do Espaço de 1967, com 105 ratificações e 25 assinaturas – números altamente expressivos na história do Direito Internacional. Mas o Direito Espacial, como qualquer outro ramo do Direito, não é apenas uma questão formal. O principal é saber que interesses prioritários ele defende.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;O Tratado do Espaço – base do Direito Espacial de hoje&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;– já no preâmbulo, reconhece “o interesse que apresenta para toda a humanidade o programa da exploração e uso do espaço cósmico para fins pacíficos”. E seu Artigo I (§ 1º) estabelece a “cláusula do bem comum”, nos seguintes termos: “A exploração e o uso do espaço cósmico, inclusive da Lua e demais corpos celestes, devem ter em mira o bem e o interesse de todos os países, seja qual for o estágio de seu desenvolvimento econômico e científico, e são incumbência de toda a humanidade.” O texto em inglês parece ainda mais claro e define as atividades espaciais como “province of all mankind”, que significa “lugar de toda a humanidade”. Assim, o Direito Espacial de hoje está comprometido, acima de tudo, com os interesses prioritários da humanidade.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ao falar na “Lua e demais corpos celestes”&lt;/strong&gt;, o Tratado, obviamente, inclui Marte e os outros planetas do Sistema Solar, para não ir mais longe. Logo, Marte, assim como a Lua, também é “lugar de toda a humanidade”. A menos que a Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas conclua, por maioria de votos, que o Tratado do Espaço de 1967 deva ser revisado ou substituído por um novo tratado, criando para Marte outro regime jurídico. Nele, o termo &quot;humanidade&quot; certamente perderia o peso que tem hoje. Afinal, ela é sempre citada quando se deseja atender aos interesses de todos os povos e países, que não têm mais a importância que já tiveram. Em sua maioria, eles deixaram de ser sujeitos e atores da globalização – hoje comandada por um grupo de poderosas instituições financeiras e empresas de alta tecnologia.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Poderosas empresas&lt;/strong&gt;, com sede nos EUA, Luxemburgo e Emirados Árabes Unidos, ambicionam explorar, extrair e comercializar recursos naturais de asteroides e outros corpos celestes, em especial minerais valiosos, como platina, níquel, ferro, cobalto, muito procurados nos mercados da Terra. Isso, sem falar em riquezas como água, nitrogênio, hidrogênio e amônia, essenciais para as viagens e colonização espacial.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;A platina é um dos minerais mais cobiçados&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;pelas empresas donas dos recursos financeiros e tecnológicos para minerar o espaço, em busca de um ganho descomunal. Usada na produção de joias e de dispositivos eletrônicos ou médicos, a platina é raríssima na Terra: um único quilo custa cerca de US$ 30 mil. Estima-se que um asteroide de 500 metros rico em platina possa conter uma quantidade tão grande dela que chegue a superar o conjunto de toda a platina já extraída na história da humanidade.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;EUA e Luxemburgo já sancionaram leis autorizando suas empresas&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;a se tornarem donas das riquezas que extraírem dos corpos celestes. 2 empresas dos EUA, Deep Space Industries, na Califórnia, e Planetary Resources, em Washington, e a britânica de Liverpool, Asteroid Mining Corporation, já trabalham ativamente com tal objetivo. Os Emirados Árabes Unidos correm no mesmo sentido: preparam, em especial, o lançamento de uma sonda não tripulada a Marte. Sua Agência Espacial, criada em 2014, chama a missão de “Al Amal”, que significa “esperança”. O projeto tem sido amplamente divulgado. A sonda poderá entrar em órbita de Marte em 2021. A equipe dos Emirados trabalha junto com cientistas da Universidade do Colorado, EUA, e tem acordo com o Centro Nacional de Estudos Espaciais (CNES), a agência espacial francesa. O plano é manter a sonda em órbita de Marte durante 2 anos, recolhendo dados sobre todos os aspectos da atmosfera do planeta: a dinâmica diária e anual do clima, as diferentes camadas, os elementos constituintes e os níveis de oxigénio e hidrogénio no espaço.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Entender o que ocorreu em Marte ajuda a entender o que ocorre na Terra&lt;/span&gt;. A equipe dos Emirados tem hoje 75 membros, mas esse número em breve pode subir para 150. Segundo dados oficiais, já foram investidos mais de 5 bilhões de euros no projeto. Diretores do programa espacial dos Emirados estão seguros de que a primeira missão a Marte vai inspirar milhares de jovens da região.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Importante é, também, o princípio de não apropriação dos corpos celestes&lt;/strong&gt;, lavrado no Artigo II do Tratado do Espaço. Ele reza: “O espaço cósmico, inclusive a Lua e demais corpos celestes, não poderá ser objeto de apropriação nacional por proclamação de soberania, por uso ou ocupação, nem por qualquer outro meio”. Esse princípio não deixa brechas para eventuais contestações. O Artigo III, por sua vez, adota o princípio de que as atividades espaciais devem fortalecer a paz, a segurança, a cooperação e a compreensão internacionais.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Pelo Artigo IV, os corpos celestes serão usados exclusivamente para fins pacíficos&lt;/span&gt;. Para tanto, “estarão proibidos nos corpos celestes o estabelecimento de bases, instalações ou fortificações militares, os ensaios de armas de qualquer tipo e a execução de manobras militares.” Mas, “não se proíbe a utilização de pessoal militar para fins de pesquisas científicas ou para qualquer outro fim pacífico”. Também não se proíbe “o uso de qualquer equipamento ou instalação necessária à exploração pacífica da Lua e demais corpos celestes”. É a desmilitarização total dos corpos celestes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;E pelo Artigo VI, os Estados arcam com a responsabilidade internacional por suas atividades espaciais nacionais&lt;/span&gt;, realizadas no espaço e nos corpos celestes tanto por órgãos do governo, como por entidades não governamentais. Para isso, eles devem velar para que suas atividades nacionais cumpram as normas do Tratado do Espaço. As atividades das entidades não governamentais no espaço, na Lua e nos corpos celestes “devem ser objeto de autorização e vigilância contínua” pelo respectivo Estado. Cabe, pois, ao Estado controlar o que o suas empresas nacionais privadas fazem no espaço e nos corpos celestes.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Para o Direito Espacial de hoje&lt;/strong&gt;, objetos e estações instalados em corpos celestes devem permanecer sob propriedade nacional, jurisdição e controle do respectivo Estado. É o que reza, em suma, o Artigo VIII do Tratado do Espaço: O Estado, em cujo registro figure o objeto lançado ao espaço, conservará sob sua jurisdição e controle o dito objeto e todo o pessoal do mesmo objeto, enquanto se encontrarem no espaço ou em um corpo celeste. Os direitos de propriedade sobre os objetos lançados no espaço, inclusive os objetos levados a/ou construídos em um corpo celeste, bem como seus elementos constitutivos, permanecerão inalteráveis enquanto estes objetos e/ou seus elementos se encontrarem no espaço ou em um corpo celeste e durante o retorno à Terra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Assim, as empresas privadas não têm base legal para minerar asteroides e outros corpos celestes&lt;/span&gt;. As leis em vigor dizem que o estabelecimento de uma estação espacial e da área requerida para seu funcionamento deve ser notificado ao Secretário-Geral das Nações Unidas. A estação e a área estarão sob a jurisdição exclusiva do Estado onde a nave foi registrada ou do Estado que trouxe componentes para a estação.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Seja como for, é difícil imaginar uma estação permanente em Marte sem alguma forma de posse do solo&lt;/strong&gt;, ainda que provisória. O mesmo ocorre com a instalação destinada a sua manutenção, como a produção de combustível a partir de recursos locais. De fato, as analogias práticas mais próximas a uma futura estação de Marte, em termos legais de hoje, seriam as estações na Antártica mantidas por seus respectivos Estados,.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Há, porém, muitas leis a elaborar&lt;/strong&gt;. Com o crescente interesse em múltiplas estações permanentes em Marte e numerosos objetos em sua órbita, o surgimento de detritos (lixo) poderá afetar seus novos habitantes e danificar instalações. O bom senso recomenda que a complexa questão do lixo seja regulada em Marte antes que detritos danifiquem estações e outras construções, provocando conflitos legais e até políticos.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Claro que serão necessárias leis específicas para ordenar a vida cotidiana própria de Marte&lt;/strong&gt;, abrangendo os direitos civil, administrativo, penal e outros. Mas antes haverá que reconhecer o Direito Espacial de hoje como alicerce jurídico para definir Marte e sua posição geral nas atividades espaciais realizadas a partir da Terra. Nossa história, nosso trabalho, nossos avanços e nossas riquezas é que possibilitam a chegada dos humanos a Marte. Esse desembarque histórico só terá sentido se tiver como meta principal beneficiar toda a humanidade.&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/4199059298013632316/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2019/03/jose-monserrat-filho-um-direito-so-para.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/4199059298013632316'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/4199059298013632316'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2019/03/jose-monserrat-filho-um-direito-so-para.html' title='José Monserrat Filho: Um Direito só para Marte?'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv3v7NsgLHHBho44hr1QHQzSC4knT-0ZgGydS01IZFv6ujXRdYKfjrJfSgnTQrncDda_I37ZufCoLCP3dcalyprTw5DCpEIqsnhTDItRKCtXGEuKX3tvcJptiEGZuyMeg0SBuQbZUJz05J/s72-c/mars-wallpapers-62585-461491.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-7642193355661294240</id><published>2018-12-03T11:30:00.004-08:00</published><updated>2021-07-24T20:44:41.694-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Linha do tempo da colonização de Marte </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2010s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;ampanha Publicitária de Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;Elon Musk revela para o público os&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;planos do SpaceX Mars Program.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;Elon Musk atualiza a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;visão da SpaceX &quot;para a vida multiplanetária&quot; e colonização de Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(com a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, anteriormente conhecida como&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sistema de Transporte Interplanetário&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;InSight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da NASA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d3d3d; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Lander é enviada para&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Elysium Planitia, em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Marte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2020s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Preparando-se para a chegada humana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR0ocbGYb0EDWaCQedEfLuu0ydlfs9jWnjG5GjIyGdBBfaZbT9GuHp6yPcegOHNlKN9lNSymo7LDvSeLlKvnytYlN7D4aN1UFO-anto0BDHbUtcaA5oqO3LpOtnrM4EgAP-Ht578k7Npue/s1600/SpaceX+Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2020s_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR0ocbGYb0EDWaCQedEfLuu0ydlfs9jWnjG5GjIyGdBBfaZbT9GuHp6yPcegOHNlKN9lNSymo7LDvSeLlKvnytYlN7D4aN1UFO-anto0BDHbUtcaA5oqO3LpOtnrM4EgAP-Ht578k7Npue/s640/SpaceX+Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2020s_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A NASA premia várias empresas, incluindo SpaceX, Blue Origin e Lockheed Martin, com contratos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;para desenvolver e construir um veículo de pouso / decolagem&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;capaz de pousar na Lua e trazer de volta à órbita pelo menos 4 astronautas até 2029.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;rover&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mars 2020 &lt;/i&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;NASA pousa em Marte, na Cratera Jazero, para coletar amostras para posterior recuperação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;drone&amp;nbsp;de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;reconhecimento &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;acompanha o veículo, o &lt;i&gt;Ingenuity&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O primeiro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;lander e rover&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;orbitador chinês chega a Marte, o &lt;i&gt;Tianwen-1&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;faz o primeiro vôo de teste orbital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;ao redor da Terra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;orbitador e lander&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mangalyaan-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da Índia&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;chega a Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Martian Moons eXploration&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;do Japão&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;pousa em Phobos para coletar amostras e enviar-las em 2029.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;SpaceX&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;testa&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;com sucesso o primeiro voo orbital tripulado.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;satélite de retransmissão de comunicações é colocado no ponto Lagrange da Terra-Sol L5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;para superar o problema do apagão das comunicações periódicas com espaçonaves temporárias atrás do sol.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2027&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A tripulação da SpaceX&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;#dearMoon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;voa para a Lua pela primeira vez.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Duas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;carga de demonstração&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;desembarcam separadamente em Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;nos dois locais mais promissores para a primeira base humana em Marte;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;ambos as naves têm&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;um pequeno reator nuclear e uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;planta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;automática de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;propelente atmosférico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para produzir oxigênio e metano da atmosfera marciana.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2028&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Depois que os testes de solo são feitos em ambos os lugares,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;a localização final do futuro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é selecionada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Repleto de propelente local, o único&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;no local é lançado de Marte e chega com sucesso à Terra no ano seguinte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2029&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O&amp;nbsp;fetch rover&amp;nbsp;de retorno de amostras da NASA chega a Marte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;para recuperar amostras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;coletadas pelo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars 2020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e lançá-las de volta à Terra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Separado por vários meses a tripulação da SpaceX&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;e os landers tripulados da Blue Origin e da Lockheed Martin pousam na borda da Cratera Shackleton perto do pólo sul lunar para estabelecer o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeiro posto avançado humano na Lua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Por enquanto, é apenas temporariamente habitado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheIKhKsSld-8guj8Q7xG1O4z-H307HUTsQ1oXOSHn01iTDL1rFmQyeV1-R0n42c0SR8EA6wDXofNAcDpYsqbmAuStvj-_ivgTv4DtEB8nx5MSqusNtc0ekc9KKQb_9KwkwZ4QgvTgPyZ1Z/s1000/SpaceX+Big+Falcon+Rocket+Mars+transportation+architecture.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;562&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1000&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheIKhKsSld-8guj8Q7xG1O4z-H307HUTsQ1oXOSHn01iTDL1rFmQyeV1-R0n42c0SR8EA6wDXofNAcDpYsqbmAuStvj-_ivgTv4DtEB8nx5MSqusNtc0ekc9KKQb_9KwkwZ4QgvTgPyZ1Z/w640-h360/SpaceX+Big+Falcon+Rocket+Mars+transportation+architecture.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Duas n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;aves espaciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;não tripuladas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;aterrissam no local selecionado da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;: uma nave reserva para a tripulação (teste do Sistema de Suporte à Vida - ECLSS) e uma nave de carga com rovers, drones de túneis e painéis de energia solar para a primeira missão humana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2030s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Primeira base humana em Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHArZupCLoRw3H4u42OTD91SUzrXs8IHBH-jE8tUzriH3vSh1lD_c5n_kTX_x4IX6UlItY7-0_fzhXPHdlizzswJEfVni6lJWoVN1V-W3ctnix-ViXVp99Sn_SYjss16uvQHPAsFAfn6wL/s1600/SpaceX+Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2030s_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHArZupCLoRw3H4u42OTD91SUzrXs8IHBH-jE8tUzriH3vSh1lD_c5n_kTX_x4IX6UlItY7-0_fzhXPHdlizzswJEfVni6lJWoVN1V-W3ctnix-ViXVp99Sn_SYjss16uvQHPAsFAfn6wL/s640/SpaceX+Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2030s_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias plataformas básicas de pouso são preparadas roboticamente na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para a missão humana no próximo ano.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2031&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em uma missão apoiada pela NASA, duas tripulações da SpaceX&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starships,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com 12 astronautas, aterrissam na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeiros seres humanos em Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;. A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;s naves tripuladas (servindo como habitats temporários) são acompanhados por algumas naves de carga, incluindo uma com maquinário para um sistema de uso de recursos internos (ISRU).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Lander de retorno de amostras chinesas em Marte volta à Terra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Painéis solares são construídos na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;para complementar a energia gerada pelo reator nuclear a bordo da primeira&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;nave de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;carga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2032&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Após uma melhor localização ser confirmada, uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;mineração em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;pequena escala&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;de gelo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;começa perto da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O sistema ISRU baseado em terra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com separador&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;químico de atmosfera capaz de produzir e armazenar água, nitrogênio, argônio e metano líquido e oxigênio é montado.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias plataformas de pouso / lançamento para futuras&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;missões&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;são construídas a poucos quilômetros da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Posto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;avançado humano na borda da Cratera Shackleton perto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;do pólo sul lunar permanentemente habitado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;China se junta ao projeto.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2033&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Todas as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves espaciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;desembarcadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, exceto a primeira com reator nuclear e planta de propulsão atmosférica a bordo, são lançadas de volta à Terra sem tripulação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;As espaçonaves da tripulação permanecem em Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Segunda tripulação de 30 astronautas e trabalhadores a bordo de uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;nave&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;espacial&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O primeiro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;habitat terrestre modular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;estufa hidropônica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;são construídos para fornecer à&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;alimentos cultivados localmente.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&quot;The Mars Society&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;estabelece seu primeiro capítulo em Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mars Surface Field Station &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;da NASA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;é estabelecido na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2034&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;extração de solo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;marciano em pequena escala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, separação química e equipamento de armazenamento é montada;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;os elementos úteis agora podem ser usados ​​no sistema de estufa e ISRU.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias agências espaciais juntam-se à NASA para financiar as operações científicas na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o transporte de seus cientistas entre a Terra e Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2035&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pouso da primeira&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;nave&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;completamente ocupada&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com 50 cientistas, trabalhadores e colonos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mars Surface Field Station&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;da NASA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;é reorganizada em uma base de pesquisa científica internacional com equipes reversando a cada 26 meses.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8i9Tk2uzxEQd12xdHMBM3Zv74h-gGfqkww9sBgyMnOzddun8MNJXfPGTHh0IHyl-8kKL1kKreTuUsGzoRl84Ed54YQjYSq2vytE-6ZTJ3BVmvJAgRmpggZMkHCEA1C9I3CwMdlmOek5es/s1600/70ab75926288945c656b4d41dfa12b95.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;900&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1600&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8i9Tk2uzxEQd12xdHMBM3Zv74h-gGfqkww9sBgyMnOzddun8MNJXfPGTHh0IHyl-8kKL1kKreTuUsGzoRl84Ed54YQjYSq2vytE-6ZTJ3BVmvJAgRmpggZMkHCEA1C9I3CwMdlmOek5es/s640/70ab75926288945c656b4d41dfa12b95.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2036&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Primeiro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;depósito de combustível orbital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para motores de foguetes hidrolox e methalox completado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;na órbita Baixa da Terra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O hidrogênio, o metano e o oxigênio são fornecidos pela mineração da Lua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;As&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;capacidades ISRU da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;são estendidas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;não apenas para produzir ar, água e metanoxano, mas também aço, fertilizantes básicos, plásticos e produtos de sílica (como painéis de vidro).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Algumas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;impressoras 3D de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;tamanho industrial&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;também são montadas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2037&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com 100 colonos e operários chegam na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, que agora atinge uma população de 200 pessoas. As&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves espaciais&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;carregam equipamentos pesados ​​de construção e escavação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma constelação de satélites com&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Sistema Global de Navegação por Satélite (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;GNSS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e sistema de comunicações global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é colocada em órbita ao redor de Marte por naves de carga&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2038&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cianobactéria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é introduzida nos processos ISRU da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;fazenda de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;piscicultura&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;é construída em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;para fornecer alimentos locais mais diversificados para os colonos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A estufa é vastamente expandida.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2039&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cúpula geodésica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;transparente com filtro de radiação&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com jardim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é construída na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;o trabalho começa a construir uma nova seção subterrânea com habitats maiores e áreas de trabalho para aumentar a capacidade populacional da base para 1000 pessoas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Nasce&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mars Base Alpha, &lt;/i&gt;o&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeiro ser humano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Sua viagem para a Terra mais tarde seria perigosa por causa de seus ossos e órgãos não estarem aptos para a gravidade da Terra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2040s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Marte recebe sua estação espacial orbital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7ql2vmm5a3rzKykCRb0ngspWJ62YqqCqLCW2d6UpjhYp5ZpQ6kwoxqGaNaLC7SxaJ25QHiijM4zcz8y3pkMBDoh9jUDe0RUsRrHr2n0UtskDV_GjmXU26qEJj3mK0WW0cqqqgM41chUL/s1600/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2040s_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW7ql2vmm5a3rzKykCRb0ngspWJ62YqqCqLCW2d6UpjhYp5ZpQ6kwoxqGaNaLC7SxaJ25QHiijM4zcz8y3pkMBDoh9jUDe0RUsRrHr2n0UtskDV_GjmXU26qEJj3mK0WW0cqqqgM41chUL/s640/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2040s_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2040&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Naves &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com 200 colonos humanos, trabalhadores e alguns&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;turistas pousam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A nova&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;seção subterrânea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;está terminada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Agora, os colonos têm um grande número de habitações onde vivem e trabalham com total proteção contra radiação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2041&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&quot;fazenda&quot; de carne cultivada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é construída em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, acrescentando carne (embora processada) à dieta dos colonos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A Virgin Galactic estabelece o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeiro hotel de luxo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;nos arredores de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2042&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A espaçonave tripulada da Blue Origin chega a órbita de Marte perto de Phobos com os primeiros módulos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;do&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;projeto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Freeport Spaceport of Phobos,&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;uma estação espacial com várias seções giratórias com gravidade artificial de 0.38g que servirá como estação de caminho e depósito de combustível e reparos para naves espaciais rumo a Marte, o cinturão principal de asteróides e além.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Primeira expedição ao cume do Monte Olimpo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;- a mais alta montanha planetária do Sistema Solar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2043&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias pequenas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;bases de procuração&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para fins científicos, de mineração e outros são estabelecidas a poucas dezenas de milhas da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Primeiro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;condutor de massa construído na Lua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;próximo ao assentamento humano na Cratera Shackleton para lançar oxigênio, hidrogênio e metano colhidos e processados ​​para armazenamento no&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Lunar Orbital Gateway&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e depósito de combustível na órbita da Terra Baixa.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2044&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Primeiras&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves espaciais&lt;i&gt; BFR&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com 300 passageiros aterrissam em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;BFR Heavy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é uma versão ampliada e atualizada de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;BFR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com um impulsionador de núcleo de 15m e um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starship&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com gravidade artificial de rotação de 0,38g e áreas de alojamento para até 100 passageiros.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2045&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Grande depósito de minerais com alta concentração de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;metais raros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é descoberto a algumas centenas de quilômetros da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;é estabelecida.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Estação de mineração&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;robótica&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;de gelo de água é construída em Phobos para suprir as necessidades de água e propelente do&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Freeport Spaceport of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;viagem por terra ao redor de Marte&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;é concluído pela primeira vez.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2046&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Naves&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;espaciais&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;pesadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com 400 passageiros aterrissam em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;trazendo componentes para um reator de fusão nuclear.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Com módulos adicionais que chegam e são mantidos pela Blue Origin, o&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Free&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Spaceport&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;está agora operacional.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A mineração robótica de asteróides no cinturão principal de asteróides&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;está se expandindo rapidamente.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Aterrissagem da Blue Origin em Marte para uma missão de reconhecimento para confirmar a melhor localização&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Base &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Blue Mars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2047&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A pista de aterrissagem a poucos quilômetros da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;onde naves de tripulação e carga&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;aterrissou e decolou por duas décadas são transformadas em um pequeno&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;espaçoporto com pontes aéreas pressurizadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2048&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;BFR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com 400 passageiros aterrissam em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e outra com 100 (principalmente mineiros) na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta,&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com mais 200 colonos vivendo em bases próximas e 200 em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A frota da nave espacial da Blue Origin, com 100 trabalhadores, chega ao&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Freeport Spaceport of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;os trabalhadores são transportados para estabelecer a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Base&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;Blue Mars&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2049&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;usina de fusão nuclear&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;está operacional na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma nova seção subterrânea da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;está pronta, aumentando sua capacidade populacional para 3.000 pessoas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2050s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quando as bases crescem em colônias&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaksjm4rlOK6Ab3dwW73XRxSXFvXIjdQVK2_01wPO0fBLSNJQ_4Rbd0bCOHVFM5puX-Ij-blEVjw2URWnC0oWrV2fNFcv0gXMXfjXhu8tkP29unK86wtKLNN3vskPLZLtbGhjTsIXCaWSd/s1600/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2050s_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaksjm4rlOK6Ab3dwW73XRxSXFvXIjdQVK2_01wPO0fBLSNJQ_4Rbd0bCOHVFM5puX-Ij-blEVjw2URWnC0oWrV2fNFcv0gXMXfjXhu8tkP29unK86wtKLNN3vskPLZLtbGhjTsIXCaWSd/s640/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2050s_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2050&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Com o aumento da energia, a ISRU e as capacidades industriais da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;são ampliadas, usando os recursos coletados, refinados e processados ​​em torno da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e de bases próximas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Linha de montagem de painéis solares&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a primeira fábrica&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;de produtos complexos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;em Marte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;É estabelecido uma Força&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;policial em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Marte,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;assumindo a função de policiamento dos seguranças contratados da SpaceX.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;É construído a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeira prisão&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2051&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Base de lançamento é construída no Mar da Tranquilidade na Lua para lançar o hélio-3 colhido para uso em usinas de fusão.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2052&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;missão tripulada&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;internacional&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;a Ceres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Free Spaceport de Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para reabastecer, descer alguns cientistas na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;e levar tripulantes adicionais de Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Existem agora mais de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;4000 pessoas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;vivendo&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;permanentemente ou temporariamente na superfície de Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Em uma cratera de impacto perto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;começa-se a construir a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;primeira cúpula de grande escala&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;em Marte, cobrindo toda a cratera com mais de uma milha de diâmetro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2054&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;instalação de separação de deutério&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;torna-se operacional na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para suprir as necessidades das usinas de fusão nuclear e outras aplicações.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2055&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;atinge sua capacidade populacional máxima.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mais habitats são construídos nos arredores de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, em suas bases próximas e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;para apoiar o fluxo de colonos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Várias outras naves da Blue Origin pousam na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Base&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Blue Mars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, aumentando sua população para mais de 500 pessoas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Usando sua forte presença na Lua a seu favor, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;China&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;estabelece sua própria colônia em Marte que agora está se expandido rapidamente.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2056&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O depósito de reparos de rover da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é atualizado para uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;fábrica de rovers e drones&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma rota de transporte público entre a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Base&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Blue Mars&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;é estabelecida.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cúpula transparente, com filtragem de radiação em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;larga escala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é terminada e pressurizada perto da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, cobrindo uma área de mais de uma milha quadrada;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;os trabalhadores entram agora para construir os prédios e jardins.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, a nova cúpula e várias bases mais próximas são combinadas sob o nome&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2057&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Incorporação de naves com propulsão de vela solar, diminuindo o tempo de viagem reduzindo custos com combustíveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A nova geração de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves espaciais movidas a vela solar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;SpaceX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;chega ao&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Free Spaceport of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;os passageiros são transportados para os espaçoportos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;família&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;BFR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Starships&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é aposentada da frota da SpaceX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;após 32 anos de serviços e vendidas para vários países e empresas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2058&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A infraestrutura interior&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;cúpula&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;está concluída, com uma capacidade máxima para 10.000 pessoas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma linha de hyperloop e trilhos de trem de carga são construídos entre a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o complexo industrial da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mining Base Beta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2070s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;postos avançados se espalha por Marte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Free Spaceport of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o principal ponto de abastecimento de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;postos avançados humanos e missões para Ceres,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;principal objeto&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;no cinturão de asteroides e luas galileanas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Júpiter.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Cianobactérias e metanogênicos estão espalhados nas regiões inferiores de Marte para aumentar ainda mais o processo de terraformação.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O velho cavalo de batalha da colonização humana de Marte - as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;naves da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;família&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;BFR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;são finalmente aposentados&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O mais velho deles tem 50 anos agora.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é expandida com mais duas cúpulas de tamanho similar e várias outras menores.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Existem&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cinco cidades com cúpulas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;larga escala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;agora em Marte.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Todos eles estão interligados com linhas de hyperloop.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O aglomerado de colônias indianas em Marte está começando a se especializar no cultivo de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;alimentos para o espaço humano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;no cinturão de asteróides e além, já que Marte é o objeto mais próximo a eles, com gravidade substancial e luz solar natural para o cultivo de plantas relativamente baratas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Free Spaceport of Phobos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;é um ponto de partida para&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;a missão humana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;internacional&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;às luas de Saturno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Titã, Encelado e outros).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;■ Agora, quase todas as nações do espaço são representadas em Marte com uma base, um quarteirão ou um empreendimento corporativo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Na década de 2070, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;população humana em Marte expande para 100.000&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;pessoas, com a maior colônia -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;- com aproximadamente 50.000 habitantes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O turismo de Marte se torna acessível&amp;nbsp;para a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;classe média&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2080&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Marte recebe seu autogoverno&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj__JLcZhOL0RnxlA9VmaRgwKBncLaCTbZS9dQsT5o3yEDS1LXS6q5VvMnJXFiJco645gRRiyoYu3BzlpCebod2LNSUHCN5KwwKn9B94np5CJ3kFaCSwzLIMsQeJCwtPSzgHVKTpSOUPURr/s1600/Mars+colony+city+by+Mariano+Ruiz+Manzano.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;898&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1600&quot; height=&quot;359&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj__JLcZhOL0RnxlA9VmaRgwKBncLaCTbZS9dQsT5o3yEDS1LXS6q5VvMnJXFiJco645gRRiyoYu3BzlpCebod2LNSUHCN5KwwKn9B94np5CJ3kFaCSwzLIMsQeJCwtPSzgHVKTpSOUPURr/s640/Mars+colony+city+by+Mariano+Ruiz+Manzano.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;tahoma&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;freesans&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #dddddd; color: #3d3d3d; font-size: 14.85px; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O primeiro Conselho Marciano, formado por&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;representantes proporcionalmente eleitos de toda cidade e base marciana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;é montado sob o princípio do autogoverno.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O Conselho lida com as questões importantes para todos os marcianos, como iniciativas de terraplanagem em andamento e atua como um representante da população marciana nas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;relações&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com as corporações e governos da Terra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Quase todos os colonos deixaram as seções mais antigas da antiga&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars Base Alpha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com sua infra-estrutura obsoleta;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;a área é declarada&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;patrimônio da humanidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, preservando a primeira base humana em Marte, como era no final da década de 2040.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Fábricas de halocarbono mais poderosas são instaladas em todo o planeta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;A cobertura bacteriana e líquen ao redor da superfície de Marte é aumentada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Na década de 2080, a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;população humana em Marte expande para 500.000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;pessoas, com a maior das cidades marcianas -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mars City&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;- passando dos 150.000 habitantes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Particularmente grande frota colonial chega em 2082 quando a Terra e Marte estão mais próximo desde 2003, apenas 55,9 milhões de km de distância.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;2090s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O milionésimo marciano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjheB8YczRxlec6LuNIkYZgxGVS9lntj3s0JUMrLlPNnAr1wngWLzlQa0tKAQ_92E_BsrqveylfOb_6LBNq4pzoDXzmdoIeqioiG2OCnESuMrJh45Pz8zFgNrFf1-lHYzlN5AWU709uY9gV/s1600/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2090s_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjheB8YczRxlec6LuNIkYZgxGVS9lntj3s0JUMrLlPNnAr1wngWLzlQa0tKAQ_92E_BsrqveylfOb_6LBNq4pzoDXzmdoIeqioiG2OCnESuMrJh45Pz8zFgNrFf1-lHYzlN5AWU709uY9gV/s640/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+2090s_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ O&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;porto de transporte na cimeira de Pavonis Mons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;expande-se rapidamente para uma das maiores colónias humanas em Marte -&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pavonis City&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;, que está em breve ligada a outras grandes cidades marcianas por linhas de hyperloop.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Estabelecimento da&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Pavonis&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;expande bastante o turismo em algumas das regiões marcianas mais espetaculares próximas - Tharsis Montes, Monte Olimpo, Noctis Labyrinthus e Valles Marineris.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Bases turísticas e hotéis estão surgindo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Uma das linhas de hyperloop percorre todo o comprimento de Valles Marineris.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Numa antecipação da pressão do ar e aumento de temperatura,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;novas colônias humanas estão sendo criadas principalmente nas regiões mais baixas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de Marte, particularmente Hellas Planitia e Valles Marineris, onde os resultados das atividades de terraformação serão sentidos primeiro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;■ Em 2090, a população humana em Marte chega a 1 milhão.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Século XXII&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-size: large; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Marte torna-se independente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqQNcoSqBFXrGpxaRC62YJAgmRIifPWWHVQxqFA5maGDrzRXcOkq-a5LK4a_BdFybcHshdD2hqhCwC50TyPgtcKfdSIRapumCnQN7nrF3auJiqe8sBVsB-eFm6RYmIg0GgD_1TApT3X6vS/s1600/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+22nd+century_.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;450&quot; data-original-width=&quot;800&quot; height=&quot;360&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqQNcoSqBFXrGpxaRC62YJAgmRIifPWWHVQxqFA5maGDrzRXcOkq-a5LK4a_BdFybcHshdD2hqhCwC50TyPgtcKfdSIRapumCnQN7nrF3auJiqe8sBVsB-eFm6RYmIg0GgD_1TApT3X6vS/s640/Mars+Colonization+Timeline+-+22nd+century_.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Marte torna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;se &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;autosuficiente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;, tendo que importar apenas os bens mais complexos e a propriedade intelectual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ A autossuficiência faz com que&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;Marte se torne um estado-nação independente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Como uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;sociedade de fronteira tecnologicamente avançada, as&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;estações de Marte e orbitais em torno dela tornam-se a principal fonte de especialistas e trabalhadores para as bases e missões no cinturão de asteróides e no sistema solar exterior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;O processo de criação de uma atmosfera avança. Surge os primeiros rios em Marte com o degelo, c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;om a liberação de dióxido de carbono congelado em rochas e calotas polares. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Micróbios e algas começam a aparecer nas margens desses rios.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: arial; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #666666; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;■ Como uma das regiões mais baixas de Marte, perto do equador, a Valles Marineris está obtendo os maiores benefícios das atividades de terraformação;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;cidades e comunidades agrícolas estão se espalhando pelos vales e no final do século 22 há quase 5 milhões de pessoas vivendo em Valles Marineris.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;É a área urbana mais populosa de Marte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CnyJjtU2WL8HlNpoZvlT99FYJGJt7BrpxW5A9DpsIZ2h8uX_JeuVkHB358zTt_s2vHHzjnW2C5rl2TvnvY_unJmxbEbO9_y_2fJlCNI80t0z6CMS4hQ-UmYpnz8pjOHIjBDapopVlsUI/s1663/terraformed-mars.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;845&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1663&quot; height=&quot;326&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CnyJjtU2WL8HlNpoZvlT99FYJGJt7BrpxW5A9DpsIZ2h8uX_JeuVkHB358zTt_s2vHHzjnW2C5rl2TvnvY_unJmxbEbO9_y_2fJlCNI80t0z6CMS4hQ-UmYpnz8pjOHIjBDapopVlsUI/w640-h326/terraformed-mars.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #dddddd; color: #3d3d3d; font-family: arial, tahoma, helvetica, freesans, sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/7642193355661294240/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2018/12/linha-do-tempo-da-colonizacao-de-marte.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/7642193355661294240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/7642193355661294240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2018/12/linha-do-tempo-da-colonizacao-de-marte.html' title='Linha do tempo da colonização de Marte '/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyU59msZae5SngJssnhk1nRkj8mlEi6kJ3pq4J5TjOlTDFq-1XkErVBOqnPKpS5c9OMwbSUahXrWqyjllTc-XOqjRu6NB8LEKHa2Jy4N7HoSEPfPmFDJEBtc5xRoDj-jvrLMhFMD8Klec7/s72-w640-h320-c/SpaceX+Big+Falcon+Rocket+v2018.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-1250757234187584723</id><published>2016-12-03T16:18:00.005-08:00</published><updated>2022-12-24T13:48:58.120-08:00</updated><title type='text'>As bandas que salvaram o rock nos anos 2000</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Desde seu surgimento oficial no ano de 1955, o rock n’ roll figurou sempre nos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;charts&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de sucessos, seja nos EUA ou na Europa. Nos anos 1970 e mais ainda nos anos 1980, o rock chegava a ter até 70% das canções de sucessos rotuladas em algum sub-gênero do rock. Porém, em meados dos aos 1990 o panorama mudou e o rock perdeu sua força no &lt;i&gt;mainstream&lt;/i&gt;, até que no fim da década muitos veículos da imprensa musical decretaram a morte do rock. Neste contexto, surgiram várias bandas que muitos diziam ser as salvações do rock, mas que no futuro não conseguiram sequer se salvar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A década de 1990 por muitos é considerada o último período de sucesso do rock, com o surgimento de várias bandas de qualidade, tais com&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foo Fighters&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;Oasis&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjGFt_yLQQQgy6W4NtOWNZPTHrGH4Hihkfh05RpYJvKu0iROUxT4vn4VsHntiML0vEhSDyRfwJPPMCjENhwCKRSyqrIZCy5wSPRNeYd9ZCgGQekVDUPya0diUrvrKfL6V-51X0N-9uYoc/s1600/f82f4-1.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;330&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjGFt_yLQQQgy6W4NtOWNZPTHrGH4Hihkfh05RpYJvKu0iROUxT4vn4VsHntiML0vEhSDyRfwJPPMCjENhwCKRSyqrIZCy5wSPRNeYd9ZCgGQekVDUPya0diUrvrKfL6V-51X0N-9uYoc/s640/f82f4-1.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;The Strokes, Libertines, The Darknes, White Stripes e Hellacopters.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;No fim dos anos 1990 e começo dos anos 2000, surgiram novas bandas que primavam por um rock mais simples e com características setentistas do rock clássico. As principais neste movimento foram os&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Strokes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;White Stripes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;. A primeira banda nasceu em Nova York e se tornou a salvação do rock no ano de 2001, muito por causa de seu primeiro álbum &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Is This It&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;mplacaram outro grande hit em seu segundo álbum, &lt;i&gt;&quot;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;eptilia&quot;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;mas depois caíram no ostracismo e sumiram dos holofotes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Eles até chegaram no fim da primeira década de 2000 com certa empolgação, com o hit&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“Under Cover of Darkness”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;, do álbum &lt;i&gt;Angles&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A segunda banda,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;White Stripes,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;com os irmãos Jack e Meg White, prima pela originalidade. Destaque&amp;nbsp;para o segundo álbum &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;De Stijl&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(com destaque para&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Yo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;u’re Pretty Good Looking&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“Hello Operator”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;) e o quarto álbum &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Elephant&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;que traz as melhores músicas, “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;I Just Don’t Know What To do With Myself”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e “&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Seven Nation Army”.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Posteriormente, a dupla&amp;nbsp;paralisou&amp;nbsp;suas atividades. Jack White segue seus projetos paralelos como o ótimo supergrupo The Racounters.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Como toda moda, após estes dois, surgiram vários grupos no mesmo estilo como o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Hives&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;. Outro grupo desta safra que foi a salvação do rock nestes tempos por resgatar a atitude roqueira dos anos 70 foi o ótimo e visceral&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Libertines&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Em 2002 o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hellacopters&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;chegou fazendo um som pesado e rápido e obteve destaque com o ótimo &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;High Visibility&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;sendo anunciado como mais uma salvação do rock que também não passou dos seis anos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A maior aposta da primeira metade da década era o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Darkness&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;, o primeiro álbum&lt;i&gt; &quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Permission To Land&quot;,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;unia um pouco de Queen, AC/DC e Def Leppard em hits como&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“I Believe In A Thing Called Love”, “Black Shuck”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“Growing On Me”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;, e foi recebido com entusiasmo pela mídia especializada, porém a banda não passou de um fraco segundo álbum denominado&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;One Way Ticket To Hell… And Back&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;O supergrupo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Audioslave&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;participou desta renovação roqueira. Lançaram três álbuns com destaque para os dois primeiros, auto-intitulado e &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Out Of Exile&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;. Nesta leva, ainda podemos citar o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;The Killers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Franz Ferdinand&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Danko Jones&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;, e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; font-style: italic; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Artic Monkeys&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;.&amp;nbsp;Mais recentemente, as salvações do rock são os grupos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Avenged Sevenfold&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Wolfmother&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPQJh1zgWEVanaBmjWN_kLQkbALSbfPcBmiZ-dIon9IyEskR96c-pZeYL3JCwpunFfTGmTpP6OtE_4QiJksKyTTdekMtI32dCbU7e3fHgwgRZpjFyb8JCOpjEnrND2QuV5ONCVA8ko-LP/s1600/b9251-2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;344&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEPQJh1zgWEVanaBmjWN_kLQkbALSbfPcBmiZ-dIon9IyEskR96c-pZeYL3JCwpunFfTGmTpP6OtE_4QiJksKyTTdekMtI32dCbU7e3fHgwgRZpjFyb8JCOpjEnrND2QuV5ONCVA8ko-LP/s640/b9251-2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #444444; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Queens Of The Stone Age, Slipknot, System Of A Down e Audioslave.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Das bandas que conseguiram dar continuidade a suas carreiras com qualidade podemos citar o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;System Of A Down&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;que&amp;nbsp;com certeza foi uma das únicas bandas que conseguiram salvar a si mesmas além do rock. Seu grande álbum de 2001, &quot;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Toxicity&quot;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;trazia os hits&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Chop Suey”,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Aerials”&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Toxicity”.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Outra banda que se destacou e continua primando pela qualidade é o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Slipknot&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. Seus dois primeiros álbuns são destaques absolutos desta nova geração de bandas. A música&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Before I Forget”&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;é uma espécie de hino roqueiro dos tempos contemporâneos. O&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Queens Of The Stone Age&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;trouxe um pouco da sujeira estradeira para o rock&amp;nbsp;fazendo um som denominado de stoner rock. Seu álbum &quot;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Songs for The Deaf&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;de 2002 trouxe hits como&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“No One Knows”&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;e&amp;nbsp;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;“Mosquito Song”.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Mesmo com um som mais para o pop não poderíamos deixar de citar o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Coldplay&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Muse&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, bandas indicadas pelos renomado vocalista James Labrie do Dream Theater. Muito além desta indicação, as duas bandas tiveram uma grande participação na primeira década dos anos 2000 trazendo, novamente, seja o pop ou o rock, para as primeiras colocações nos charts americanos ou europeus.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Outra banda de qualidade é os&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Kings Of Leon&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, essa sim, fazendo jus ao título de &quot;salvadores do rock&quot;, formada no ano 2000 em Nasville, pelos irmãos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Caleb, Jared e Nathan Followill e pelo primo Matthew Followill. A banda lançou em 2002 o seu primeiro EP, intitulado &quot;&lt;i&gt;Holy Roller Novocaine&quot;&lt;/i&gt;, atraindo a atenção da crítica inglesa. Ao longo dos anos lançaram excelentes álbuns como, &quot;&lt;i&gt;Only by the Night&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2008), &quot;&lt;i&gt;Come Around Sundown&quot;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;(2010), &quot;&lt;i&gt;Mechanical Bull&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2013) e &quot;&lt;i&gt;WALLS&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(2016). A música &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Use Somebody&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;ganhou o Grammy Awards de 2010 como a música rock do ano.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;&gt;Uma banda que vem se destacando é o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Shinedown&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;formada &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;em 2001 em&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Jacksonville&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #444444; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: start; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;A banda tem o maior número de singles nas paradas de rock da Billboard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: start; vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: inherit;&quot;&gt;com um total de 18, e todos os seus singles lançados alcançaram o top 5 na parada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Até o momento, a banda já vendeu mais de 10 milhões de discos em todo o mundo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;Vale uma menção a banda canadense &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Arcade Fire&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;fundada em 2003 em Montreal. G&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;anhou numerosos prêmios, incluindo o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Grammy&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;2011 de álbum do ano&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;BRIT Award&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;2011 de melhor álbum internacional, pelo seu terceiro álbum de estúdio, &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;The Suburbs&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;, lançado em 2010, sucesso comercial e de crítica, o album &quot;&lt;i&gt;Neon Bible&quot;&lt;/i&gt;, gravado dentro de uma igreja também foi bastante elogiado pela crítica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Um caso peculiar é o da banda&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Stone Sour&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt; que, apesar de ser fundada no início da década de 1990,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;só lançou seu primeiro álbum em 2002.&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Na verdade, o rock é o estilo com maior personalidade na música moderna mundial. Este segmento musical já possui uma gama fiel de fãs que tornam o rock um estilo independente do sucesso do &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;mainstream&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;. Assim, &amp;nbsp;posso afirmar que o rock nunca morreu ele apenas lhe relegou ao seu círculo de fãs fiéis da mesma maneira como aconteceu com o Blues e o Jazz alguns anos antes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/1250757234187584723/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2016/12/as-bandas-que-salvaram-o-rock-nos-anos.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1250757234187584723'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1250757234187584723'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2016/12/as-bandas-que-salvaram-o-rock-nos-anos.html' title='As bandas que salvaram o rock nos anos 2000'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtjGFt_yLQQQgy6W4NtOWNZPTHrGH4Hihkfh05RpYJvKu0iROUxT4vn4VsHntiML0vEhSDyRfwJPPMCjENhwCKRSyqrIZCy5wSPRNeYd9ZCgGQekVDUPya0diUrvrKfL6V-51X0N-9uYoc/s72-c/f82f4-1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-8352726415242539348</id><published>2016-07-01T14:06:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2016-07-01T14:10:03.485-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como funciona a Via Láctea</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;INTRO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;Basta observar o céu noturno a qualquer momento do ano para perceber uma faixa de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/luz.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;luz&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;tênue que se estende pelo céu, na porção central do firmamento ou perto do horizonte. Quando os antigos gregos perceberam essa faixa de luz, eles a denominaram &quot;galaxies kuklos&quot;, ou &quot;círculo de leite&quot;. Os romanos a chamavam de &quot;Via Láctea&quot;. Em 1610, Galileu usou os primeiros&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/telescopios.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;telescópios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e determinou que a luz da Via Láctea provinha de bilhões de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;de brilho pouco intenso que nos cercam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrfQTOA_-yTdqGTx_Znbck3YGeVj4iyg_9mXnryS5P_T-rWaHjCwG4Z6l-3DqpIlH2zW7BifJ-eZ_IZ7B9BGcLhGOW9dxBsaaj2OuI7WZIvgL2bk6l3OOq345Cnhc_Kh7hQM5Y-sfL9IOe/s1600/milky_way-2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;267&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrfQTOA_-yTdqGTx_Znbck3YGeVj4iyg_9mXnryS5P_T-rWaHjCwG4Z6l-3DqpIlH2zW7BifJ-eZ_IZ7B9BGcLhGOW9dxBsaaj2OuI7WZIvgL2bk6l3OOq345Cnhc_Kh7hQM5Y-sfL9IOe/s400/milky_way-2.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;A Via Láctea, da brilhante estrela Sirius, no canto superior direito, à Eta Carina, a nebulosa vermelha visível no horizonte, avistada das ilhas Keys, ao largo da Flórida, nos EUA&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Por séculos, os astrônomos fizeram muitas perguntas básicas sobre a Via Láctea. Do que se tratava? Do que era feita? Qual era sua forma? Era difícil responder a essas perguntas, por diversas razões.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Nós vivemos no interior da Via Láctea e isso seria como viver dentro de uma caixa gigante e tentar determinar que formato tem a caixa, do que ela é composta, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Os primeiros astrônomos sofriam limitações tecnológicas. Os primeiros telescópios não eram muito grandes, não tinham grande alcance e não conseguiam abranger grandes distâncias ou oferecer boa resolução de imagem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Os primeiros telescópios eram capazes apenas de detectar a luz visível. A Via Láctea contém muita poeira, o que obstruía a visão deles. Em algumas direções, olhar para a Via Láctea equivale a olhar para uma tempestade de areia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
O século XX trouxe grandes avanços na tecnologia dos telescópios. Grandes telescópios ópticos, de rádio, de infravermelho e de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/raios-x.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;raios X&lt;/a&gt;, instalados na Terra ou em órbita e lançamentos de sondas espaciais permitiram que os astrônomos observassem para além do vasto volume de poeira estelar e contemplassem as amplitude do espaço. Com essas ferramentas, eles se tornaram capazes de determinar qual é a verdadeira cara da Via Láctea e o que eles descobriram foi espantoso.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;A Via Láctea é, de fato, uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/galaxias.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- um grande sistema formado por estrelas, gases (principalmente hidrogênio), poeira e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/materia-negra.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;matéria escura&lt;/a&gt;, que órbita um centro comum e se mantém unido pela força da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/questao232.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;gravidade&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;A forma de nossa galáxia é uma espiral.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Ao contrário da crença popular, nosso sistema solar não fica no centro da galáxia.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;A Via Láctea é apenas uma dentre as bilhões de galáxias do universo.&lt;/li&gt;
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Acompanhe-nos em uma jornada de descoberta pela Via Láctea. Examinaremos como os astrônomos determinaram suas dimensões, forma e estrutura. Veremos como as estrelas que ela contém se movem e como a Via Láctea se compara a outras galáxias.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: rgb(32, 151, 209); border: 0px; color: white; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Primeiras teorias sobre a Via Láctea&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Como mencionamos, Galileu Galilei descobriu que a Via Láctea era composta de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;indistintas, mas qual seria sua forma? Como se pode determinar a forma de alguma coisa se você está dentro dela? No fim do século 18, o astrônomo William Herschel decidiu enfrentar a questão. Ele afirmou que, caso a Via Láctea fosse uma esfera, deveríamos ver numerosas estrelas em todas as direções. Por isso, ele e sua irmã Carolina contaram as estrelas em mais de 600 áreas do céu. Constataram que existiam mais estrelas na direção da faixa da Via Láctea do que nas porções acima ou abaixo da mesma. Herschel concluiu que a Via Láctea era uma estrutura em forma de disco. E como ele havia descoberto sobre o número semelhante de estrelas em todas as direções ao longo do disco, concluiu que o Sol ocupava posição próxima ao centro do disco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Por volta de 1920, um astrônomo holandês chamado Jacobus Kapetyn mediu as distâncias aparentes para estrelas próximas e distantes usando a técnica da&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;paralaxe&lt;/strong&gt;. Como a paralaxe envolvia medir o movimento das estrelas, ele comparou o movimento de estrelas distantes ao de estrelas mais próximas. Concluiu que a Via Láctea tinha um diâmetro de cerca de 20 quiloparsecs, ou 65 mil anos-luz (um quiloparsec equivale a 3.260 anos-luz). Kapetyn também concluiu que o&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/sol.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sol&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;estava no centro da Via Láctea ou bem perto dele.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;Mas futuros astrônomos questionariam essas idéias e a tecnologia avançada os ajudaria a contestar essas teorias e a desenvolver medidas mais precisas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000098; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: medium; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Medindo as distâncias para as estrelas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Se você estender o braço e erguer o polegar diante dos olhos, e abrir e fechar os&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/visao.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;olhos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;alternadamente enquanto fixa a vista nele, verá o seu polegar aparentemente mudar de posição diante dos objetos de fundo. Essa mudança é conhecida como&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;deslocamento de paralaxe&lt;/strong&gt;. À medida que você aproxima o polegar do nariz e repete o processo, percebe que esse deslocamento se acentua. Os astrônomos podem empregar a mesma técnica para medir as distâncias que nos separam dos astros. À medida que a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/planeta-terra.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Terra&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;orbita o Sol, a posição de uma determinada estrela se altera com relação às demais estrelas de fundo. Ao comparar fotografias de uma estrela obtidas com intervalo de seis meses, os astrônomos podem medir o grau de deslocamento e&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;obter o ângulo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;da paralaxe (metade do deslocamento de paralaxe = teta ou Θ). Quando o ângulo de paralaxe e o raio da órbita da Terra (R) são conhecidos, os astrônomos podem calcular a distância até a estrela (D) usando a trigonometria: D = R x cotangente (teta) ou D = R cotΘ. As medições de paralaxe são confiáveis para estrelas localizadas a distâncias de até 50 parsecs. Para distâncias maiores, os astrônomos precisam encontrar marcadores estelares variáveis e usar razões de distância/luminosidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: rgb(32, 151, 209); border: 0px; color: white; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Aglomerados globulares e nebulosas espirais&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Por volta da época em que Kapetyn publicou seu modelo para a Via Láctea, seu colega Harlow Shapley percebeu que uma forma de aglomerado de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;chamado&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;aglomerado globular&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;tinha distribuição única no firmamento. Ainda que poucos aglomerados globulares estivessem presentes na faixa de luz da Via Láctea, havia muitos deles acima e abaixo dessa região. Shapely decidiu mapear a distribuição dos aglomerados globulares e medir suas distâncias usando marcadores estelares variáveis no interior dos aglomerados e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;relação distância/luminosidade&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ver abaixo). Shapley constatou que os aglomerados globulares estavam dispostos em distribuição esférica e concentrados próximos à constelação de Sagitário. Shapley concluiu que o centro da galáxia devia ficar próximos da constelação de Sagitário, e não do&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/sol.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sol&lt;/a&gt;, e que a Via Láctea tinha cerca de 100 quiloparsecs de diâmetro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Shapley se envolveu em um grande debate sobre a natureza das&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;nebulosas espirais&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(traços de luz pouco intensa visíveis no céu noturno). Ele acreditava que elas constituíam &quot;universos-ilha&quot;, ou galáxias, localizadas fora da Via Láctea. Outro astrônomo, Heber Curtis, acreditava que as nebulosas em espiral fossem parte da Via Láctea. As observações das estrelas variáveis Cefeidas por Edwin Hubble, enfim, decidiram o debate - as nebulosas ficavam realmente fora da Via Láctea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Mas restavam questões. Que forma tinha a Via Láctea e o que exatamente existia em seu interior?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000098; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot;; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;Relação distância/luminosidade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Astrônomos profissionais e amadores podem medir o brilho de uma estrela colocando um&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;fotômetro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ou&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;dispositivo de carga acoplada&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;em seus telescópios. Caso conheçam o brilho da estrela e a distância até ela, podem calcular a quantidade de energia que a estrela emite, ou sua luminosidade (&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;luminosidade = brilho x 12,57 x (distância)&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;). É igualmente possível, caso a luminosidade de uma estrela seja conhecida, calcular a distância entre ela e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/planeta-terra.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Terra&lt;/a&gt;. Certas estrelas - como as RR Lyrae e as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;variáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cefeidas - podem servir como padrões de luminosidade. Elas alteram seu brilho regularmente e a luminosidade que geram está diretamente relacionada ao período em seu ciclo de brilho.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Para determinar as luminosidades de aglomerados globulares, Shapley mediu os períodos de brilho das estrelas RR Lyrae nos aglomerados. Assim que ele determinou as luminosidades, pôde calcular a distância entre elas e a Terra. Veja&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/galaxias.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Como funcionam as Galáxias&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;para determinar de que maneira o astrônomo Edwin Hubble empregou técnica semelhante com relação às estrelas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;variáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cefeidas a fim de determinar que as nebulosas espirais estavam além dos limites da Via Láctea.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Qual é a forma da Via Láctea?&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;Edwin Hubble estudou as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/galaxias.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxias&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e as classificou em diversos tipos de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxias elípticas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;espirais&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;. As galáxias espirais se caracterizam pelo formato de discos dotados de braços espirais. A Via Láctea tinha forma de disco, então tinha grande probabilidade de ser uma galáxia espiral.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheXk9iFkSCR30W_-gNQHcYxbs8LUBgRT58DcjeeHZ8_9j0jdlKxWSI3ApHGjXQB1EwgY5enh1npPnJ5x-1F5tQGCX_lfIgYcIml3JiiL5WMWL-Whbu_44fUrKkxLyfdbJeCkGLJP0L9pnN/s1600/milky-way-3.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheXk9iFkSCR30W_-gNQHcYxbs8LUBgRT58DcjeeHZ8_9j0jdlKxWSI3ApHGjXQB1EwgY5enh1npPnJ5x-1F5tQGCX_lfIgYcIml3JiiL5WMWL-Whbu_44fUrKkxLyfdbJeCkGLJP0L9pnN/s1600/milky-way-3.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;Na década de 1930, o astrônomo R. J. Trumpler compreendeu que as estimativas de tamanho da Via Láctea apresentadas por Kapetyn e outros estudiosos estavam equivocadas porque as medições utilizadas se baseavam nos comprimentos de onda da luz visível. Trumpler concluiu que o vasto volume de poeira no plano da Via Láctea absorvia a luz visível e fazia com que&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e aglomerados parecessem menos brilhantes do que eram de fato. Portanto, para mapear de maneira precisa as estrelas e aglomerados estelares contidos no interior do disco da Via Láctea, os astrônomos precisavam descobrir como observar através da poeira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #000090; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #000090; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #000090; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;O efeito Doppler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #000090; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica neue&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;helvetica&amp;quot; , sans-serif; font-size: medium; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 10pt; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Quase da mesma maneira que o som agudo da sirene de um caminhão de bombeiro se torna mais grave à medida que o caminhão se afasta, o movimento das estrelas afeta o comprimento de onda da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/luz.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;luz&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;que delas recebemos. O fenômeno é conhecido como efeito Doppler. Podemos medir o efeito Doppler medindo as linhas no espectro de uma estrela e comparando-as ao espectro de uma lâmpada padrão. A quantidade do desvio Doppler nos informa a velocidade de movimento da estrela em relação a nós. Caso o espectro de uma estrela se desloque para o extremo azul, ela está se aproximando de nossa posição e caso o faça para o vermelho, a estrela estará se afastando.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Nos anos 1950, os primeiros&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;radiotelescópios&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;foram inventados. Os astrônomos descobriram que&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/atomos.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;átomos&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de hidrogênio emitem radiação nos comprimentos de onda do rádio e que essas ondas de rádio são capazes de penetrar a poeira da Via Láctea. Assim, torna-se possível mapear os braços espirais da Via Láctea. O componente essencial eram estrelas que servissem de marcadores, como as usadas para medir distâncias. Os astrônomos constataram que estrelas das classes O e B serviriam a esse propósito. Essas estrelas tinham diversas características.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0in 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; type=&quot;circle&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Brilho:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;são altamente visíveis e muitas vezes encontradas em pequenos grupos ou associações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Calor:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;emitem em múltiplos comprimentos de onda (visível, infravermelho, rádio).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Vida curta:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;vivem por cerca de 100 milhões de anos, de modo que, se levarmos em conta a taxa com a qual as estrelas orbitam o centro da galáxia, elas não se afastam muito da posição em que nasceram.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Os astrônomos podiam usar radiotelescópios para mapear com precisão as posições das estrelas O e B, e recorrer ao desvio Doppler no espectro de ondas de rádio para determinar suas taxas de movimento. Quando muitas estrelas foram submetidas a esse tratamento, tornou-se possível produzir mapas ópticos e de rádio combinados dos braços em espiral da Via Láctea. Cada braço recebe o nome das constelações que abriga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Os astrônomos acreditam que o movimento do material em torno do centro da galáxia cria&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;ondas de densidade&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;(áreas de alta e baixa densidade), quase como quando uma pessoa usa uma batedeira elétrica para fazer massa de bolo. Essas ondas de densidade aparentemente são a causa da natureza espiral da galáxia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Assim, ao examinar o céu em múltiplos comprimentos de onda (rádio, infravermelho, luz visível, ultavioleta e&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/raios-x.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;raios X&lt;/a&gt;), com diversos telescópios terrestres e espaciais, podemos obter vistas diferentes da Via Láctea.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: rgb(32, 151, 209); border: 0px; color: white; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Estrutura da Via Láctea&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;De acordo com o sistema de classificação proposto por Edwin Hubble, a Via Láctea é uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/galaxias.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;espiral, ainda que indícios de mapeamento mais recentes apontem para a possibilidade de que seja uma&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxia espiral barrada&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;. A Via Látea tem mais de 200 bilhões de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(total estimado de acordo com sua massa). Seu diâmetro é de cerca de 100 mil anos-luz e o&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/sol.htm&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;fica a cerca de 28 mil anos-luz do centro galáctico. Se observarmos a estrutura da Via Láctea tal qual apareceria vista de fora, perceberíamos as seguintes partes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjJKgWS4TkQ-9UiDv4h7Y_YF3byb7Fg7Nrz_ScDoELtj4iSz6O6fwJqA6sdrYGo7KceuHy0C4ZAKXlhmd948yIdfhFX7MuX6JwYTP2znwxFsRSedy3M-dBvPjZZd5l0Q5s1YMV6hrzvRwD/s1600/galaxy-6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjJKgWS4TkQ-9UiDv4h7Y_YF3byb7Fg7Nrz_ScDoELtj4iSz6O6fwJqA6sdrYGo7KceuHy0C4ZAKXlhmd948yIdfhFX7MuX6JwYTP2znwxFsRSedy3M-dBvPjZZd5l0Q5s1YMV6hrzvRwD/s1600/galaxy-6.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Disco galáctico:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;a porção em que se localiza a maior parte das estrelas. O disco é composto por estrelas jovens e velhas, bem como por vastos volumes de gás e poeira. As estrelas que ficam no interior do disco percorrem órbitas geralmente circulares em torno do centro galáctico. As interações gravitacionais entre as estrelas fazem com que os movimentos circulares oscilem um pouco para baixo e para cima, como no caso dos cavalinhos em um carrossel. O disco se subdivide nas seguintes porções:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;núcleo:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;o centro do disco&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;bojo:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;a área em torno do núcleo, que inclui as regiões imediatamente acima e abaixo do plano do disco.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;braços em espiral:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;áreas que se estendem do centro para fora (nosso sistema solar se localiza em um dos braços espirais da Via Láctea).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Aglomerados globulares:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;algumas centenas deles se espalham acima e abaixo do plano do disco. Os aglomerados globulares orbitam o centro da galáxia em órbitas elípticas cujas as direções são aleatoriamente espalhadas. As estrelas dos aglomerados globulares são muito mais velhas que as do disco galáctico e eles abrigam poucos gases e poeira.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr&gt;Halo&lt;/nobr&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;trata-se de uma grande região, não muito iluminada, que cerca toda a galáxia. O halo é feito de gases quentes e possivelmente de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/materia-negra.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;matéria escura&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Todos esses componentes orbitam o núcleo e são mantidos unidos pela&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/questao232.htm&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;gravidade&lt;/a&gt;. Como a gravidade depende da massa, seria possível pensar que a maior parte da massa galáctica se localiza no disco ou perto dele. No entanto, ao estudar as curvas de rotação da Via Láctea e de outras galáxias, os astrônomos concluíram que a maior parte da massa fica nas porções externas da galáxia (como o halo), onde existe pouca luz gerada por estrelas ou gases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;A gravidade da Via Láctea influencia duas galáxias satélites vizinhas: a&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Grande Nuvem de Magalhães&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;e a&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;(em homenagem ao explorador português Fernão de Magalhães). Elas orbitam sob o plano da Via Láctea e podem ser vistas do hemisfério sul. A Grande Nuvem de Magalhães tem cerca de 70 mil anos-luz de diâmetro e fica a 160 mil anos-luz da Via Láctea. Os astrônomos acreditam que a Via Láctea esteja extraindo gases e poeira dessas galáxias satélites.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: rgb(32, 151, 209); border: 0px; color: white; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 10px 15px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
Quantas estrelas existem na Via Láctea&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Mencionamos anteriormente que os astrônomos haviam calculado o número de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/estrelas.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;estrelas&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;na Via Láctea com base na medida da massa da&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/galaxias.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;galáxia&lt;/a&gt;. Mas como se mede a massa de uma galáxia? Obviamente não se pode fazê-la subir na balança. Em vez disso, usamos o movimento orbital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Com base na versão de Newton para a&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Terceira Lei do Movimento Planetário&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;de&lt;strong style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Kepler&lt;/strong&gt;, a velocidade orbital de um objeto em órbita circular, e usando um pouquinho de álgebra, é possível derivar uma equação que calcule a quantidade de massa (M&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;) que existe no interior de qualquer órbita circular com um raio (r).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiwq1B_4LS3M-5OvtO8LtqPP1WX4sknuBrTzRRHPECgvgzwPqnM1fL4IsDZfdOlJ6Eu5B9Z-2-ZyD2I7pd08tw5rhVLYQXb7QCXACar920_y3Y7gr9da0RNwsX8K571INO1oHkHDuiPXJm/s1600/bojo-via-lactea.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;172&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiwq1B_4LS3M-5OvtO8LtqPP1WX4sknuBrTzRRHPECgvgzwPqnM1fL4IsDZfdOlJ6Eu5B9Z-2-ZyD2I7pd08tw5rhVLYQXb7QCXACar920_y3Y7gr9da0RNwsX8K571INO1oHkHDuiPXJm/s400/bojo-via-lactea.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Arial, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;É complicado, mas é possível usar a versão de Newton para a Terceira Lei de Kepler a fim de calcular o número de estrelas na Via Láctea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;p&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;= (4Π&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;/GM) a&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;(&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;p&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o período orbital,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a massa,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é o raio orbital.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;é a constante gravitacional de Newton (6,67 x 10&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;-11&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;m&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;/kg-s&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Reordenando os termos para encontrar a solução de M resulta em:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;M = 4Π&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;a&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;/Gp&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Velocidade orbital de um objeto circular (&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;v&lt;/strong&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;v=2Πa/p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Reordenando os termos para resolver p:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;p=2Πa/v&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Inserindo a equação de velocidade orbital na versão de Newton para a Terceira Lei de Kepler e simplificando os valores:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;M=av&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;/G&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Como se trata de uma órbita circular,&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;se torna o raio (r) e M se torna a massa dentro desse raio (M&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;M&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;rv&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;/G&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 19.2px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;Para a Via Láctea, o Sol fica a uma distância de 2,6 x 10&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;metros (28 mil anos-luz) e apresenta velocidade orbital de 2,2 x 10&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;metros/segundo (220 km/s), o que nos informa que 2 x 10&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg ficam na órbita do&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/sol.htm&quot; style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sol&lt;/a&gt;. Como a massa do Sol é 2 x 10&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;, então deve haver 10&lt;span style=&quot;border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;, ou cerca de 100 bilhões, de massas solares (estrelas semelhantes ao Sol) ao longo de sua órbita. Se acrescentarmos a porção da Via Láctea que não fica na órbita do Sol, chegamos ao valor aproximado de 200 bilhões de estrelas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; padding: 0px 0px 20px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;fonte:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; line-height: 19.2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;georgia&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/via-lactea.htm&quot;&gt;http://ciencia.hsw.uol.com.br/via-lactea.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/8352726415242539348/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2016/07/como-funciona-via-lactea.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8352726415242539348'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8352726415242539348'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2016/07/como-funciona-via-lactea.html' title='Como funciona a Via Láctea'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrfQTOA_-yTdqGTx_Znbck3YGeVj4iyg_9mXnryS5P_T-rWaHjCwG4Z6l-3DqpIlH2zW7BifJ-eZ_IZ7B9BGcLhGOW9dxBsaaj2OuI7WZIvgL2bk6l3OOq345Cnhc_Kh7hQM5Y-sfL9IOe/s72-c/milky_way-2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-6616723869350600272</id><published>2015-07-10T18:55:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2015-07-11T08:53:19.904-07:00</updated><title type='text'>EVOLUÇÃO DO EQUIPAMENTO PESSOAL DE UM SOLDADO BRITÂNICO</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF0nrHIlJzN4zzhKt0AneQo1oyN22HnQAB7ctWgz-iKrxB9efWaJRl0b9d5uWRSa8RYdT9s4La3B5I81b7v5pQsklg1jIh-Lzi4sMQKVn0SvJTDyU1rHFNJ6-hbcT1xzC1pgpf6qrVTr4R/s1600/tumblr_lziowa5JJm1qim54oo1_500.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF0nrHIlJzN4zzhKt0AneQo1oyN22HnQAB7ctWgz-iKrxB9efWaJRl0b9d5uWRSa8RYdT9s4La3B5I81b7v5pQsklg1jIh-Lzi4sMQKVn0SvJTDyU1rHFNJ6-hbcT1xzC1pgpf6qrVTr4R/s1600/tumblr_lziowa5JJm1qim54oo1_500.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Soldado Britânico moderno.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;A partir do armamento bruto e armadura da Batalha de Hastings ao kit high-tech do conflito moderno, um novo levantamento fotográfico explora a evolução do equipamento pessoal do soldado britânico comum ao longo dos últimos 1.000 anos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Clique&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-one/11006139/Inventories-of-war-soldiers-kit-from-1066-to-2014.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;aqui&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;para ver a matéria original.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;O fotógrafo Thom Atkinson conseguiu organizar 13 desses kits, usados pelos soldados ingleses desde 1066 até os dias atuais e registrou tudo em sua série &amp;nbsp;‘Soldiers Inventories’.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouw-WvjT9iFqnu3fbRMNShFsWxLUOMjlOa50yllSLc1geKfVUas4VJvh1kVL4ssd5hkdR_geb4Ynk2yKtl3akUtMCcgomZxex7SL4bLPhZAGIWOqCJz8JA6iVndL29jWag8-HqvjD6hcF/s1600/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiouw-WvjT9iFqnu3fbRMNShFsWxLUOMjlOa50yllSLc1geKfVUas4VJvh1kVL4ssd5hkdR_geb4Ynk2yKtl3akUtMCcgomZxex7SL4bLPhZAGIWOqCJz8JA6iVndL29jWag8-HqvjD6hcF/s1600/1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1066 huscarl, Battle of Hastings&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;“Os guerreiros anglo-saxãos em Hastings não eram tão diferentes dos britânicos ‘Tommy’* nas trincheiras&quot;, diz o fotógrafo Thom Atkinson. Na Batalha de Hastings, a escolha do armamento dos soldados era extensa. &quot;Há uma colher em cada imagem. Eu acho que é maravilhoso. A exigência de comida e a experiência de comer não mudaram em 1000 anos. É quase o mesmo com o calor, a água, a proteção e o entretenimento&quot;, completa o fotógrafo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;* Soldados Tommy é uma gíria para um recruta comum do exército britânico. O nome da classe já estava bem estabelecido no século 19, mas é particularmente associado com a Primeira Guerra Mundial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEntDKBeOGaSx06bggIWeBBBsp7eXwZQEypu54wQDwEfLREREURpEVU7rhRTXoAZHy5cbYdHg8RiAMuT853IV5YMCyBe6rqRE4KM8Neht3XHzZVHU_frBttTRlunuavNiRcahHd_jXyBq/s1600/2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEntDKBeOGaSx06bggIWeBBBsp7eXwZQEypu54wQDwEfLREREURpEVU7rhRTXoAZHy5cbYdHg8RiAMuT853IV5YMCyBe6rqRE4KM8Neht3XHzZVHU_frBttTRlunuavNiRcahHd_jXyBq/s1600/2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1244 mounted knight, Siege of Jerusalem&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Colecionadores, historiadores e soldados ajudaram o fotógrafo Thom Atkinson a montar os componentes para cada foto, como essa de um cavaleiro de 1244. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Foi difícil de rastrear pessoas conhecedoras com o equipamento correto. As fotos são realmente o produto de seu conhecimento e experiência&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&quot;, diz ele.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiThT8PzavU9euizgom6XKKpW-SaCVaSi7dBk3-kHdI_vrL1WdYZLikN1VuZsgKj91R0kZ1aoq0sdCw555MVDBqJdv-crtcgO7sI46_QHInmkHhAY388pETVt9BGmST3wC8ezy4jcpvVV1t/s1600/3.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiThT8PzavU9euizgom6XKKpW-SaCVaSi7dBk3-kHdI_vrL1WdYZLikN1VuZsgKj91R0kZ1aoq0sdCw555MVDBqJdv-crtcgO7sI46_QHInmkHhAY388pETVt9BGmST3wC8ezy4jcpvVV1t/s1600/3.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1415 fighting archer, Battle of Agincourt&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Nesse registro é possível conferir o arco do soldado, além de várias flechas, uma lança de madeira, capacete da armadura, roupas, cantil, espada, punhal, chicote e machado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0g2Fdb5fOgds1lDVVpqUQVa49Z1E-lRKC_xvzBZ2-G4I0r1r9FhsiGlkADqo6XgUmqWorfVZDpGrkf8bKheDRU96U3o-WWTdLK5pq7cPEgqhXac2btjFdAKblR5qvDgXe8iGm5wyQA0ld/s1600/4.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0g2Fdb5fOgds1lDVVpqUQVa49Z1E-lRKC_xvzBZ2-G4I0r1r9FhsiGlkADqo6XgUmqWorfVZDpGrkf8bKheDRU96U3o-WWTdLK5pq7cPEgqhXac2btjFdAKblR5qvDgXe8iGm5wyQA0ld/s1600/4.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: large; line-height: 25.2000007629395px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1485 Yorkist man-at-arms, Battle of Bosworth&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;O registro mostra a armadura completa do soldado, seus itens pessoais e armas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCxCVezbuoIBdMdx16_yqxKuU21L_xG47lDVzpqRc0HwYxiL15rzUEwVCwfdhKrnu10_K9fgAFzc8zF9Fkzswyccv3zoy2QNdaWifYOj5T0IFyZNgtNn-HhJijIKYWXnm5nuGJLFjhE1oT/s1600/5.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCxCVezbuoIBdMdx16_yqxKuU21L_xG47lDVzpqRc0HwYxiL15rzUEwVCwfdhKrnu10_K9fgAFzc8zF9Fkzswyccv3zoy2QNdaWifYOj5T0IFyZNgtNn-HhJijIKYWXnm5nuGJLFjhE1oT/s1600/5.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1588 trainband caliverman, Tilbury&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;“As semelhanças entre os kits são tão surpreendentes quanto as diferenças. Blocos se tornaram iPads, enquanto jogos, como xadrez ou cartas, aparecem regularmente em todos os períodos”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfoNnPEWaWRMZy1b0s10Fwv8f16kFqXq2iGHT55hmPj0fa9g9EJrBSF0dBitdRnP-uBUQ-iZGIBdz6q9EeksiE7PTahyphenhyphenO85zR0acnU_muSDsryFYVwnD3uAGmtgC31BwMerRVgdMpQ241/s1600/6.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqfoNnPEWaWRMZy1b0s10Fwv8f16kFqXq2iGHT55hmPj0fa9g9EJrBSF0dBitdRnP-uBUQ-iZGIBdz6q9EeksiE7PTahyphenhyphenO85zR0acnU_muSDsryFYVwnD3uAGmtgC31BwMerRVgdMpQ241/s1600/6.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1645 New Model Army musketeer, Battle of Naseby&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Além de seu florete, o kit desse mosqueteiro também tem a sua arma, objetos pessoais, suas roupas, calçados, cuia e, é claro, baralho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbySQdtPZwcrl8BTlL2ZL9q5KDrNA54Gfpof4aEmm-8y5Ofgb9E0UVEjLdSgvr1veEWIxN1kQur4ADikWdXquwBZlaanG4DyaruDjLTrDfEaI2FcB9NZAQwl-d1X35gMYi0bb1yJYh2haX/s1600/7.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbySQdtPZwcrl8BTlL2ZL9q5KDrNA54Gfpof4aEmm-8y5Ofgb9E0UVEjLdSgvr1veEWIxN1kQur4ADikWdXquwBZlaanG4DyaruDjLTrDfEaI2FcB9NZAQwl-d1X35gMYi0bb1yJYh2haX/s1600/7.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1645 New Model Army musketeer, Battle of Naseby&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;O coloridíssimo uniforme em vermelho e amarelo desse recruta nos remete muito certo palhaço de uma rede de Fast Food. Mas, ali, a coisa era séria. Em seus itens é possível observar as suas armas, bolsas, caderno de anotações, canecos, cuias, baralho, cantil e um saquinho de pedrinhas para distração.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzciDNVWQuONkLNcMKOaMMvpg7_h52-133J_-v1B763pkZgXK9v61HzNIP1ZCUmAUzEo6J7X1tFI4xMN4TFLUsymmdNNSnq4S0g9nsjshTlKT8C8E5TfaKj8IsxAVq1NCuCqzV9yuwTCyZ/s1600/8.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzciDNVWQuONkLNcMKOaMMvpg7_h52-133J_-v1B763pkZgXK9v61HzNIP1ZCUmAUzEo6J7X1tFI4xMN4TFLUsymmdNNSnq4S0g9nsjshTlKT8C8E5TfaKj8IsxAVq1NCuCqzV9yuwTCyZ/s1600/8.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1815 private soldier, Battle of Waterloo&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;O kit emitido aos soldados que lutavam na batalha de Waterloo incluía uma caneca de estanho e um conjunto de rascunhos. Nesse ainda é possível encontrar um kit de barbear, jogo de damas, kit de costura, escovas para lustrar os sapatos, óculos, relógio e talheres.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjJfdOWLZbcuijqwfVxzwb8Y6-on2LXFDMF5e7xKMlEPfIJaW9rT8e6T_Aog4ULGQi8UqVtLN9M89cKfqgypNZyfKWhXy7qBQ2Hx7IrfCrkeedTtnaXDCWMkqZUcx5U99PrtHRwtsROmV_/s1600/9.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjJfdOWLZbcuijqwfVxzwb8Y6-on2LXFDMF5e7xKMlEPfIJaW9rT8e6T_Aog4ULGQi8UqVtLN9M89cKfqgypNZyfKWhXy7qBQ2Hx7IrfCrkeedTtnaXDCWMkqZUcx5U99PrtHRwtsROmV_/s1600/9.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1854 private soldier, Rifle Brigade, Battle of Alma&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Cada imagem retrata uniformes, bandagens para curativos, baionetas e munição. Por outro lado, mostra o lado mais humano de cada soldado, com cartas, livros e Bíblias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGFIvdHXkcyQmG9dJteRnUHlC8PBkTgsxV6dJ6tGgNYJGCCykqwvJlHkkVx20UlcLXtPKrmhS39BAEI78-Qvl-_Y7lXB9rdS5nHcZMsX_ZVa4RIXlEpSmyoFqk2Gycqc9AOcQnLmSqhAw/s1600/10.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGFIvdHXkcyQmG9dJteRnUHlC8PBkTgsxV6dJ6tGgNYJGCCykqwvJlHkkVx20UlcLXtPKrmhS39BAEI78-Qvl-_Y7lXB9rdS5nHcZMsX_ZVa4RIXlEpSmyoFqk2Gycqc9AOcQnLmSqhAw/s1600/10.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1916 private soldier, Battle of the Somme&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Enquanto a Primeira Guerra Mundial foi a primeira guerra moderna, o kit do soldado da batalha de Somme ilustra que ela também era primitiva. Junto com sua máscara de gás, o recruta tinha uma arma de pontas quase idêntica àquelas da época medieval.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0rXxmgMeibzcGMtcuX8WrQI8d34cd_kUG4YI9WmKycRYZ6ynMBohAj7XrmW-1UvRWNnJ4XRWMuhPn78QQF1G0IjLgx3XYEIuqJmAlc141NODr_HMrfJ2SkpLDhXa-kBm0j6_iD-T7agBC/s1600/11.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0rXxmgMeibzcGMtcuX8WrQI8d34cd_kUG4YI9WmKycRYZ6ynMBohAj7XrmW-1UvRWNnJ4XRWMuhPn78QQF1G0IjLgx3XYEIuqJmAlc141NODr_HMrfJ2SkpLDhXa-kBm0j6_iD-T7agBC/s1600/11.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1944 lance corporal, Parachute Brigade, Battle of Arnhem&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;Cada fotografia mostra o mundo de um soldado condenso manifesto de defesas, provisões e distrações. A Batalha de Arnhem foi um grande combate entre as forças do Exército Alemão e das tropas Aliadas nas cidades holandesas de Arnhem, Oosterbeek, Wolfheze, Driel e no interior do país de 17 a 26 de setembro de 1944, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg51Rr_Fgu3zkhQxkVLAh0VBX_0YDD4iZO-1ezGi1K1bGIEnZkz7QGAlkIDJ27ApgF91dW7T4GkVSOuUjISQr1qqlcVrSmlZYOUu0CzE2KrlBxhO7RcHpDxiXvbkJ4Jb3xswpnD3yNDcLX8/s1600/12.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg51Rr_Fgu3zkhQxkVLAh0VBX_0YDD4iZO-1ezGi1K1bGIEnZkz7QGAlkIDJ27ApgF91dW7T4GkVSOuUjISQr1qqlcVrSmlZYOUu0CzE2KrlBxhO7RcHpDxiXvbkJ4Jb3xswpnD3yNDcLX8/s1600/12.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;1982 Royal Marine Commando, Falklands conflict&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;A imagem mostra armas modernas, munição, granadas, pá, roupas, chocolate, comida enlatada, câmera fotográfica, cigarros e cadernos de anotações.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEishI7vL0wmIxr8vmzveOFqtS5gopF6KquoC6MCC8gunTMayRCPnGbgWLOYLWU0jpM6p-UbU9USyFhu2flnNX5kc3-O7pg0quWBEzuBgIVCIfc4axxkU_WmyHxRmfZC4XvNMqTca6jhGgz5/s1600/13.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEishI7vL0wmIxr8vmzveOFqtS5gopF6KquoC6MCC8gunTMayRCPnGbgWLOYLWU0jpM6p-UbU9USyFhu2flnNX5kc3-O7pg0quWBEzuBgIVCIfc4axxkU_WmyHxRmfZC4XvNMqTca6jhGgz5/s1600/13.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; font-family: Oswald, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;2014 close-support sapper, Royal Engineers, Helmand Province&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px; color: #222222; line-height: 22.7999992370605px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Além das munições, há revistas, chocolates, doces, máscara de gás e roupas nesse kit atual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/6616723869350600272/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/07/evolucao-do-equipamento-pessoal-de-um.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6616723869350600272'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6616723869350600272'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/07/evolucao-do-equipamento-pessoal-de-um.html' title='EVOLUÇÃO DO EQUIPAMENTO PESSOAL DE UM SOLDADO BRITÂNICO'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF0nrHIlJzN4zzhKt0AneQo1oyN22HnQAB7ctWgz-iKrxB9efWaJRl0b9d5uWRSa8RYdT9s4La3B5I81b7v5pQsklg1jIh-Lzi4sMQKVn0SvJTDyU1rHFNJ6-hbcT1xzC1pgpf6qrVTr4R/s72-c/tumblr_lziowa5JJm1qim54oo1_500.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-8293125573092681611</id><published>2015-06-13T11:43:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2015-06-13T15:03:45.672-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quando o Órgão Especial do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro anunciou a promoção do juiz Geraldo Prado a desembargador, em 2006, fez-se um silêncio embaraçoso no salão onde transcorria a sessão. Foi com desgosto que muitos receberam a notícia da promoção por antiguidade – ou “inevitabilidade”, como Prado define. Ele desagradava à maioria dos demais juízes da corte, em virtude de suas decisões “excessivamente liberais” nas Varas Criminais. No fim dos anos 1990, constrangera os colegas ao liderar, ao lado de poucos, um movimento pelo fim do nepotismo no Tribunal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;O juiz Prado estava na vanguarda do que era inexorável: a lenta mas firme assepsia nos maus hábitos do Judiciário brasileiro.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;O&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;nepotismo acabou banido&lt;/strong&gt;, mas apenas em 2005, por decisão do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ).&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Ao tomar posse como desembargador, o juiz Prado aprontou outra. Recusou-se a rodar num carro oficial, símbolo de poder dos desembargadores. O presidente do Tribunal tentou demovê-lo. Argumentou que a atitude “diminuiria a força institucional da magistratura”. Não colou. Até se aposentar, em 2012, só ele e um colega, entre 120 desembargadores, abdicaram do conforto. Para o juiz Prado, “o carro oficial significa um status incompatível com a República”. “Deve ser usado em prol do beneficiário do serviço e não do servidor. O magistrado da Infância e Juventude deve ter uma viatura à disposição para atender à demanda. Mas não tem sentido o conjunto da magistratura ter carro oficial”, diz o desembargador aposentado e professor da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Nos últimos anos, atitudes como as do juiz Prado ajudaram na depuração dos vícios e privilégios que persistiam há décadas no Judiciário.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Resultaram na criação dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Conselhos Nacionais da Justiça&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;e do&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Ministério Público (MP)&lt;/strong&gt;. Juízes e seus primos, os procuradores e promotores dos Ministérios Públicos, tornaram-se mais transparentes e produtivos. Hoje, trabalham com metas e planos estratégicos para diminuir a proverbial lentidão dos nossos Tribunais. Ainda há, porém, um longo caminho a percorrer rumo ao Judiciário que o Brasil precisa. É preciso paciência. São muitos os obstáculos.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Um deles, talvez o mais urgente a ser enfrentado, envolve os&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;altos salários dos juízes estaduais – e, também, dos promotores dos Ministérios Públicos dos Estados&lt;/strong&gt;. Desde 2003, quando o Congresso estabeleceu o salário dos ministros do Supremo como teto constitucional para os funcionários públicos, os Tribunais e MPs estaduais passaram a criar toda sorte de expedientes para engordar o contracheque.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Hoje, o teto é de R$ 33.763.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Os penduricalhos são muitos – ao menos 32 tipos de auxílios, gratificações, indenizações, verbas, ajudas de custo... – mas o&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;objetivo é apenas um: ganhar mais do que determina a Constituição.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Nada disso é, por enquanto, ilegal. Mas não são poucos os juízes e promotores que se questionam: é correto?&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Nos últimos oito meses, ÉPOCA apurou, junto aos 27 Tribunais de Justiça e aos 27 MPs estaduais, os reais vencimentos – e todos os benefícios – de magistrados e promotores, incluindo salários, vantagens pessoais e auxílios. Confirmou-se o que todos no Judiciário suspeitavam:&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;o contracheque de juízes e promotores ultrapassa, e muito, o teto constitucional de R$ 33 mil.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;A média de rendimentos de juízes e desembargadores nos Estados é de R$ 41.802 mensais; a de promotores e procuradores de justiça, R$ 40.853. Os valores próximos mostram a equivalência quase perfeita das carreiras. Os presidentes dos Tribunais de Justiça apresentam média ainda maior: quase R$ 60 mil (R$ 59.992). Os procuradores-gerais de justiça, chefes dos MPs, recebem, também em média, R$ 53.971. Fura-se o teto em 50 dos 54 órgãos pesquisados.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Eles abrigam os funcionários públicos mais bem pagos do Brasil.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ÉPOCA obteve os dados nas páginas de transparência dos órgãos. Para calcular as médias dos TJs e MPs estaduais, a reportagem avaliou os vencimentos de ao menos 5% dos integrantes como amostra, respeitando a proporção de membros da segunda instância, de modo a não gerar distorções. Durante a pesquisa, encerrada em abril, usou-se o mês mais recente disponível. ÉPOCA analisou 3.714 profissionais (2.602 magistrados e 1.112 promotores) dos 21.707 membros nos Estados. Segundo Cristiano Fernandes, professor de engenharia elétrica da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro e especialista em estatística aplicada a ciências sociais, a análise é “consistente” e “satisfatória”. O levantamento de ÉPOCA não aborda a Justiça Federal nem o Ministério Público Federal. Neles, sabe-se que há menos penduricalhos.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Na teoria, os salários – chamados de subsídios básicos – das duas categorias variam de R$ 22 mil a R$ 30 mil. Os salários reais deles, no entanto, avançam o teto pela soma de gratificações, remunerações temporárias, verbas retroativas, vantagens, abonos de permanência e benefícios concedidos pelos próprios órgãos e autorizados pela Lei Orgânica da Magistratura, de 1979 – o MP os recebe por equivalência. Por sua natureza jurídica (ressarcir despesas geradas pelo trabalho), as indenizações não estão sujeitas ao teto nem a Imposto de Renda. Generalizadas, produzem a mágica de elevar os salários, legalmente, acima do teto.&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Há salários reais que ultrapassam R$ 100 mil. O maior é de R$ 126 mil.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.025em;&quot;&gt;Benefícios ou regalias?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Com estabilidade, poder e prestígio social, juízes e promotores recebem como executivos da iniciativa privada, mas gozam um&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;pacote de benefícios só possível na esfera pública&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;. Usufruem dois meses de férias anuais – mais um recesso de 14 a 30 dias –, não têm horário fixo, ganham auxílios para moradia, alimentação, transporte, plano de saúde, dinheiro para livros e ajuda até para pagar a escola particular dos filhos. É uma longa série de benefícios, alguns que se enquadram facilmente como regalias. Variam conforme o Estado. descobriu 32 delas. Além do auxílio-moradia, o mais comum é o de alimentação. Chega a R$ 3.047 mensais para promotores do Maranhão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Tribunal de Justiça do RJ é o que oferece mais benesses. Há auxílio-creche de R$ 854 por filho até 6 anos e auxílio-educação de R$ 953 por filho até 24 anos (na faculdade). Há 180 dias de&amp;nbsp;licença-maternidade (padrão) mais 90 de aleitamento. Há, ainda, de três a cinco salários mínimos por adoção até o filho ter 24 anos. O TJ do Rio de Janeiro afirma que é unidade de referência e está entre os quatro Tribunais mais eficientes do país, tendo cumprido 100% da meta desde 2009, ao lado do TJ do Rio Grande do Sul&lt;a href=&quot;http://epoca.globo.com/tempo/noticia/2015/06/o-que-dizem-os-tribunais-e-mps-sobre-os-salarios-dos-juizes-e-promotores-acima-do-teto.html&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #58595b; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Os benefícios oferecidos com dinheiro público são generosos e criativos&lt;/strong&gt;. No TJ de Mato Grosso vigora um dos melhores planos de saúde&amp;nbsp;do mundo, com gastos ilimitados. Ressarce consultas particulares e até passagens de avião para tratamento de magistrados e dependentes em hospitais fora do Estado. Só a partir de dezembro os juízes passaram a ter de apresentar recibos fiscais para obter reembolso. Em Minas Gerais, os magistrados recebem mais 10% do salário para custear a saúde (até R$ 3.047). Têm direito ainda a, como os promotores, de R$ 13 mil a R$ 15.235 por ano para livros jurídicos e materiais de informática. O TJ-MG afirmou que, embora haja previsão, o auxílio não é pago. O MP paranaense banca até 50% de mestrados e doutorados e 20% de cursos de graduação e línguas.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Os promotores do Rio de Janeiro recebem mais R$ 1.100 para transporte. Isso não impede que o órgão gaste R$ 100 mil mensais – R$ 545 por carro –, há três anos, no aluguel de 183 vagas no Terminal-Garagem Menezes Côrtes, no Centro. O fluminense é também o mais liberal no envio de membros para estudo no exterior: 12 cursam mestrado ou doutorado, com salário integral. Nos demais Estados, há 17 promotores e dez juízes fazendo o mesmo. Tantos são os benefícios do MP do Rio que até promotores se constrangem, em conversas privadas. “Em breve, o subsídio será só para juntar dinheiro, porque as demais despesas já estarão cobertas pelos auxílios”, diz um deles.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Para Joaquim Falcão, ex-conselheiro do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) e diretor da faculdade de Direito da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), promotores e juízes “precisam de prerrogativas – como independência – para exercer sua função, não de privilégios”. “Pagar auxílio-escola para o filho não é prerrogativa, é uma apropriação privada e individual da prerrogativa do cargo. O cargo é público, a prerrogativa é pública e o privilégio é uma apropriação individual”, diz Falcão.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Ninguém diz que juízes devem ganhar mal – ou menos que outras carreiras de Estado. Mas&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;a comparação da renda deles com a dos demais brasileiros mostra que há algo de excessivamente desigual em vigor.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;Um levantamento do Conselho da Europa, de 2012, mostra que os juízes iniciantes de 26 países europeus recebiam 2,2 vezes a média salarial da população de seus países. Os salários dos membros da Corte Suprema equivaliam a 4,2 vezes o vencimento médio nacional, e os da cúpula da Procuradoria-Geral a 3,6 vezes. No Brasil, o inicial de magistrados e membros dos MPs, na maioria dos Estados, R$ 24.818, corresponde a 14 vezes a média de rendimento de trabalho do país – R$ 1.817, conforme a Pnad. Comparados os vencimentos totais dos magistrados levantados por ÉPOCA, a proporção se elevaria para 23 vezes. Segundo o IBGE, em 2013, 99% dos brasileiros recebiam até R$ 10.500 mensais, e a média do 1% mais rico do país era R$ 18.899.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Mesmo com tantas vantagens, 72% dos magistrados não estão felizes com seus salários,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;segundo o Censo do Judiciário de 2014. O&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;IBGE aponta a magistratura como a profissão mais bem paga do país&lt;/strong&gt;, e os vencimentos de juízes e promotores os posicionam com larga margem na exclusiva elite do 1% mais rico do país. O presidente da Associação dos Magistrados Brasileiros (AMB), João Ricardo dos Santos Costa, admite que a distorção preocupa. Mas argumenta que o salário precisa ser competitivo com o de grandes escritórios de advocacia e que a única outra atividade remunerada que podem exercer é o ensino. O que torna os vencimentos dos magistrados “aparentemente acima do teto”, diz, são as indenizações fruto da “falta de aumento e de valores atrasados”. “São vias legais que a carreira buscou de complementar os reajustes para recompor o salário, de acordo com a norma constitucional.” Apesar disso, ele afirma que há defasagem de 20% a 25%.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;A presidente da Associação Nacional dos Membros do Ministério Público (Conamp), Norma Cavalcanti, diz que “os penduricalhos são a busca da correção”. “Os vencimentos são com base em lei estadual. Ninguém recebe mais do que a lei permite”, afirma. Para Falcão, muitos benefícios foram sendo concedidos no vácuo da lei e vigoram até ser considerados abusivos. “Decidem pagar e dão a justificativa de legalidade, enquanto o STF não disser que é ilegal. E a jurisprudência é não devolver o recebido”, afirma.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.025em;&quot;&gt;Minha casa, minha vida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A mais recente vitória das categorias veio numa noite de setembro do ano passado. O ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://epoca.globo.com/palavrachave/luiz-fux/&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; color: #58595b; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Luiz Fux&lt;/a&gt;, ex-desembargador do Rio, determinou em liminar o pagamento de auxílio-moradia de R$ 4.377 a juízes federais sem “residência oficial à disposição”. Por esse princípio, só em São Paulo deveria haver 4.333 moradias oficiais para magistrados e membros do MP. A partir daí, apesar de o mérito da ação ainda não ter sido julgado, todos os 29.074 juízes e promotores do país passaram a ter direito ao benefício.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Nem todos concordam em usufruir esse benefício. O juiz do Trabalho Celso Fernando Karsburg, do Rio Grande do Sul, abriu mão do auxílio-moradia por considerá-lo “imoral, indecente e antiético”. Em artigo, escreveu que o direito existe desde 1979, mas ninguém o usava porque era “visto como algo indevido, para não dizer absurdo, imoral”. Para ele, isso mudou quando se percebeu que o Executivo não concederia a reposição do poder aquisitivo perdido com a inflação. “O pagamento do auxílio-moradia, indistintamente a todos os juízes, ainda que previsto na Loman, é uma afronta a milhões de brasileiros que não fazem jus a esse ‘benefício’”, escreveu. No mesmo Rio Grande do Sul, os desembargadores João Barcelos e Carlos Roberto Caníbal também recusaram o benefício.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Em Goiás, Alan Conceição foi o único desembargador a abdicar da benesse. “Se tenho moradia própria, qual a razão de receber esse auxílio?”, questionou, ao jornal O&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Popular&lt;/em&gt;. Também recusou o auxílio-livro de R$ 2.600 e o carro ofici­al, como Geraldo Prado fizera, no Rio. Alans, Prados, Karsburgs, Barcelos e Caníbals são exceções. Em Mato Grosso, até os aposentados recebem ajuda para morar – a maioria em casa própria. O TJ rejeitou recurso do Estado e manteve o auxílio aos inativos, mesmo contrariando resolução do CNJ.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Na Europa, as coisas são bem diferentes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Sem direito a carro com motorista, o juiz da Suprema Corte da Suécia Göran Lambertz pedala sua bicicleta 15 minutos até a estação de trem de Uppsala e enfrenta 40 minutos no vagão até Estocolmo, onde trabalha. Na última instância daquele país, Lambertz recebe € 10 mil mensais – R$ 33.700 – sem nenhum abono, auxílio-moradia ou alimentação. “Não almoço à custa do dinheiro do contribuinte. Luxo pago com dinheiro do contribuinte é imoral e antiético”, disse, em entrevista para o livro &quot;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Um país sem excelências e mordomias&quot;&lt;/em&gt;, da jornalista brasileira Claudia Wallin, sobre a Suécia. Nenhum dos 16 juízes do Supremo do país tem secretário particular, só assistentes comuns ao colegiado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000; font-family: &#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: -0.025em;&quot;&gt;T-Q-Q&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A gama de benefícios é resquício de privilégios históricos. Nos primeiros anos do Brasil Colônia não havia Justiça organizada, e os donatários das Capitanias Hereditárias tinham jurisdição sobre suas terras. Em meados do século XVI, o rei de Portugal, Dom João III, estabeleceu um governo central e passou a nomear magistrados, formando uma classe fidalga cheia de privilégios, que defendia os interesses da Coroa. No Império, a Justiça continuaria a ser exercida por escolhidos do imperador. Com a Constituição Republicana de 1891, foram instituídas a vitaliciedade para juízes e a irredutibilidade de vencimentos. Era a tentativa de garantir autonomia e evitar perseguições aos que deveriam zelar pelo “bem comum”, não por interesses do imperador ou “coronéis”. Só em 1934 seria criado o concurso de seleção. O historiador do Direito Cássio Schubsky acreditava que a origem fidalga explica os ganhos e benefícios especiais. Juízes e promotores se definem como “membros” de seu órgão; “servidores” são os demais funcionários. As leis mudaram, mas hábitos e práticas do passado ainda determinam o status social da classe jurídica.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Esse status permite não apenas a reprodução de privilégios, mas a manutenção de um ritmo de trabalho único no Brasil. Juízes e promotores não têm uma rotina de trabalho como a iniciativa privada. Não há horário fixo ou ponto e se define o próprio expediente, frequentemente em apenas um turno. No TJ do Amazonas, é das 8 às 14 horas; no MP do Pará, a carga é de seis horas diárias; em Goiás, o magistrado opta pelo matutino ou vespertino; em São Paulo, o mínimo é de 13 às 19 horas; e, no Tocantins, a carga do promotor é de 35 horas semanais. Alguns atuam no gabinete ou fórum três ou quatro vezes por semana, no chamado “T-Q-Q” (terça-quarta-­quinta), em especial no interior – e mantêm residência na capital. O desembargador aposentado Geraldo Prado afirma que o “T-Q-Q era a regra” nos anos 1980, mas que a prática tem sido combatida.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Outra vantagem simboliza a diferença entre magistrados e promotores e os demais brasileiros: as férias. A lei garante um mês de descanso remunerado a todo trabalhador. Juízes e promotores têm 60 dias, além do recesso judicial, de 18 dias. Em 2014, essas pausas somaram 81 dias, 22% do ano, fora feriados. A origem do benefício é a lei da magistratura, de 1979. O Ministério Público adota o mesmo critério.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Eles recebem duas vezes no ano o adicional de férias de um terço. O TJ do Espírito Santo, o TJ e o MP do Paraná são ainda mais generosos: lá, o bônus é de 50%. Na soma, resulta em um 14° salário. Muitos TJs e MPs pagam gratificações de até um terço do salário a quem acumula função do colega de férias ou licença. De acordo com Costa, da AMB, a profissão tem carga laboral “insuportável”, de 1.400 processos por ano, e alto índice de doenças, causadas principalmente pelo estress (13% dos magistrados tiveram licença remunerada por doença ou acidente no último ano). Costa afirma que as férias dobradas são compensação para fins de semana de sobreaviso. “Fora dos grandes centros não há plantão nos fóruns, só existe um juiz na maioria das comarcas, disponível dez meses do ano, inclusive fins de semana”, afirma Costa.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Além da sobrecarga financeira, o excesso de férias impacta processos. É comum uma ação ter, em seu curso, diversos juízes e promotores distintos, o que pode gerar paralisia, insegurança jurídica – diante de decisões divergentes – e encarregar da sentença alguém pouco familiarizado com a questão. Matematicamente, a redução das férias aumentaria a produção da Justiça em 8%, o equivalente a um mês de trabalho ao ano. A fórmula foi testada com sucesso em Portugal, onde juízes gozavam 60 dias até 2007. Diante da austeridade imposta pela crise, extinguiram-se os dois meses de repouso. Não há notícia de explosão de estresse, porém a produtividade cresceu 9%.&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot; /&gt;Se a prestação de serviço da Justiça aos cidadãos fosse rápida e exemplar, talvez a enorme lista de privilégios revelada por ÉPOCA fosse menos questionável. Mas a Justiça é lenta para 88% dos cidadãos, mostra a pesquisa&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;O Judiciário&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;segundo os brasileiros. O CNJ estipulou metas de produtividade, e os Tribunais reconhecem a necessidade de ser mais eficientes e expeditos. No ano passado, havia 95 milhões de processos na Justiça, e o acervo continua a crescer. Em 2014, os Tribunais estaduais, como um todo, não cumpriram nenhuma das cinco metas estipuladas, entre elas a de julgar quantidade maior de processos do que os distribuídos no ano. Com salários acima do teto, juízes e promotores precisam pôr os pés no chão e olhar ao redor.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/8293125573092681611/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/06/quando-o-orgao-especial-do-tribunal-de.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8293125573092681611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/8293125573092681611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/06/quando-o-orgao-especial-do-tribunal-de.html' title=''/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijN-GaQaYcbStYxmORuWoeMUX_tDChL7463m0gS4FSOTsy8sRC2RlxmIKHPn_mUsteaM8lPSltc9oKCpTe7HrSyr9Fi018JK6n2OA9wOtXRk68cW8qEC61X4ZcabDjeZCmTa9CcK2luQgO/s72-c/Sem+t%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-6368034445749457813</id><published>2015-04-19T06:51:00.006-07:00</published><updated>2022-05-11T12:29:42.510-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Batman vs Homem de Ferro quem vence?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2EYuHmPMmS80DcrXUR1BGYjRHC2wzlfXT2XM4K0x2H23f0SEiUe_57mbxMHXlKUCcAY0H3aWcc6eqHynLuubQKsHdXJnQH2kM0izGxq7XU4SwkhOi3HkmSBsjWDVGKJ4-QXDuRJpKTUFX/s1600/caixadeassuntos3.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2EYuHmPMmS80DcrXUR1BGYjRHC2wzlfXT2XM4K0x2H23f0SEiUe_57mbxMHXlKUCcAY0H3aWcc6eqHynLuubQKsHdXJnQH2kM0izGxq7XU4SwkhOi3HkmSBsjWDVGKJ4-QXDuRJpKTUFX/s1600/caixadeassuntos3.png&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Muita gente compara o Homem de Ferro
e o Batman, &amp;nbsp;mostrando pontos fortes e fracos de cada um. Qual é
mais rico? Mais forte? &amp;nbsp;Qual é covarde? Qual é mais inteligente? Eles são
super parecidos, mas ao mesmo tempo, tão diferentes… É como comparar uma espada
de samurai e uma AK 47. Entretanto estes são na minha opinião os melhores
heróis do universo HQ porque provam que ter um cérebro – e usá-lo – é muito
melhor que simplesmente nascer com talentos. Duvidam?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Pois vejam: Clark Kent tem
super força, visão de calor, bafo congelante, visão de raio-x e… É assalariado
e vivendo de aluguel. Ah, e não pega ninguém. Thor é um deus – um deus nórdico,
puro-sangue, de Asgard – e aqui na Terra é quase um mendigo, além de forever
alone. Enquanto isso, como estão Tony Stark e Bruce Wayne mesmo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Mas chega de conversa e vamos ao que
interessa. Quem é melhor o Batman (Cavaleiro das Trevas) ou Iron Man (Homem de
Ferro)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR_NTrjGblIt1f58yrs7kDgCM769hm-R5Uic_f5wpGLapbqW_6pHSPM0tdTk0d3U7o7dIczUbCCJeRRXvW4TC7DfbOZ6E3m-0hBpHCD4K-iahK_cqlUbufeVNfWXgVDc-VfKHhG1M1i-gD/s1600/caixadeassuntos2.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjR_NTrjGblIt1f58yrs7kDgCM769hm-R5Uic_f5wpGLapbqW_6pHSPM0tdTk0d3U7o7dIczUbCCJeRRXvW4TC7DfbOZ6E3m-0hBpHCD4K-iahK_cqlUbufeVNfWXgVDc-VfKHhG1M1i-gD/s640/caixadeassuntos2.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Conhecendo os desafiantes:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Bruce Wayne (Batman):Nascido numa família rica, nada faltou para o jovem
Bruce Wayne, filho de Thomas e Martha Wayne, notáveis filantropos de Gotham
City. Numa noite fatídica, Bruce presenciou um assalto que resultou na morte de
seus pais, deixando-o desolado. Pouco tempo depois, o herdeiro dos Wayne jurou
vingar a morte de seus pais, embarcando numa jornada para alcançar o ápice do
condicionamento humano, tanto físico quanto mental. Anos de intenso treinamento
resultaram numa drástica transformação: o outrora fraco e indefeso Bruce Wayne
tornou-se a mais perfeita e exímia máquina de combate e raciocínio, pronto para
combater qualquer tipo de ameaça. Para que sua cruzada contra o crime fosse bem
sucedida, o agora presidente das Indústrias Wayne precisaria adotar uma persona
que impusesse medo a qualquer um que cruzasse seu caminho. Tendo isso em vista,
ele se muniu de um uniforme tecnológico com vários aparatos e adotou o nome de
Batman (Homem-Morcego, em português).&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Tony Stark (Homem de Ferro):&amp;nbsp;Brilhante
inventor e industrial bem-sucedido, Tony Stark inventou um traje especial, um
exo-esqueleto superequipado, para fugir de um campo de prisioneiros inimigo.
Ele foi levado para lá após ser capturado durante inspeção de testes de armas
no exterior. Os comunistas sabiam com quem estavam lidando. Obrigaram Stark a
construir um artefato que lhes permitisse desencadear uma ofensiva definitiva
contra os americanos. Porém, Stark tinha outros planos. Mesmo com a saúde
debilitada, devido a um estilhaço de granada que havia se alojado perto de seu
coração, ele trabalhou naquilo que seria a primeira armadura do Homem de Ferro.
Tão logo ficou pronta, Stark a usou para fugir do campo de prisioneiros. As
primeiras versões da armadura tinham um gerador magnético que mantinha o
estilhaço da granada afastado de seu coração. Mas o problema só se resolveria
por completo com um transplante de coração. Com o traje cada vez mais
aperfeiçoado, Tony Stark passou a lutar contra todo e qualquer tipo de ameaça à
humanidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Analisando&amp;nbsp;cada um:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Analisando primeiramente o quesito
recursos, os dois acabam empatando, já que ambos são extremamente ricos, a
ponto de conseguirem comprar informações e equipamentos sem muita dificuldade.
Partindo para os termos de combate, o Morcegão ganha disparado. Tá, o Stark até
que luta (e muito) bem, mas nem se compara ao treinamento do Bruce. Logo, num
combate corpo-a-corpo, Tony enfia o rabo entre as pernas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Na parte intelectual, os dois também acabam
empatando. E você, fan-boy do batman, deve estar exclamando: &quot;Orra,
calmaí, não tem como eles empatarem nesse quesito! O Homem de Ferro tem um
raciocínio militar EXTREMAMENTE inferior ao do Batman! Pára de escrever esses
posts, seu poser! Você não manja nada de HQs e blablabla...&quot;. Bom, antes
de tudo, eu também concordo que o raciocínio militar do Stark é inferior ao do
Bruce, mas não podemos esquecer que o Stark tem uma mente inventiva brilhante,
muito superior à do Batman. E as invenções do Stark são uma forma muito boa de
combater (e até mesmo superar) as estratégias do Bruce. Por isso o empate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qd0DLK-f0QBhtHB3yTtkytCmWSOgwtT_6zMhC_AadzyccikOYiBKOpKUKmwpKivbNstQ0HG6p82WRpXoWNTlOjUsTr4rQ26Apn1H2HOAxgSwlBSXYcBAj2bi_zro2xrp24B5QZWQLVvX/s1600/caixadeassuntos16.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qd0DLK-f0QBhtHB3yTtkytCmWSOgwtT_6zMhC_AadzyccikOYiBKOpKUKmwpKivbNstQ0HG6p82WRpXoWNTlOjUsTr4rQ26Apn1H2HOAxgSwlBSXYcBAj2bi_zro2xrp24B5QZWQLVvX/s1600/caixadeassuntos16.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;O equipamento:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Batam:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://imageshack.us/a/img594/86/caixadeassuntos1.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #e86741; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;- O uniforme é a mistura de uma composição de kevlar com titanium,
sendo então à prova de fogo e de balas, além de oferecer uma leve resistência
ao frio. As botas e luvas são feitas para resistir e diminuir o impacto de
socos e chutes. A capa é ultra-leve e resistente, permitindo que o Batman plane
por algum tempo. A máscara possui um leve percentual de chumbo em sua
composição, protegendo o usuário de ataques de raio-x ou visão de raio-x, além
de ser equipada com sensores infra-vermelho, amplificadores de ruído e
transmissores e receptores de ondas de rádio.&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Cinto de Utilidades: O
principal item que faz o Batman ser o Batman. Ele carrega uma variedade enorme
de parafernálias: Batarangues, arpéu, gel explosivo, explosivo plástico,
toxinas que afetam o sistema nervoso, gás atordoante, gás soporífero, pastilhas
de oxigênio, kit para hackear sistemas de segurança e mais uma infinidade de
coisas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;Veículos: Quando o negócio
aperta, Bruce usa uma série de veículos adaptados para todo e qualquer tipo de
situação. Carros, tanques, helicópteros, motos, aviões, submarinos e qualquer
outra coisa que seja necessária na sua incansável luta contra o crime.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Homem de Ferro:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;- Armadura: Essa vestimenta promove
uma série de &quot;melhorias&quot; ao Tony: super-força, voo, super-velocidade,
super-resistência, absorção de energia solar, magnetismo (capacidade de puxar
ou repelir metais), invisibilidade, &quot;sentido-aranha&quot; (Tony conseguiu
emular esta habilidade do Homem-Aranha construindo uma espécie de rede neural),
raios repulsores, uni-raio, lança-mísseis, defletor de mísseis, campo de força,
lâmina de energia, lasers, mini-guns e mais uma série de mísseis e raios
modificados pra uma infinidade de situações diferentes. A armadura é composta
por moléculas de ferro cristalizadas, envolta de vários campos magnéticos,
tornado-a flexível e extremamente resistente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Soluções rápidas e eficientes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Bruce Wayne precisou de uma vida de
terapia e treinamentos multiculturais pra se tornar Batman. Tony Stark levou
uma semana pra se tornar Iron Man – isso, no meio de um sequestro e com um
monte de ferro velho. Mesmo que Tony Stark não tenha um plano, o que ele
desenvolve em segundos põe anos e anos de finos estratagemas do Bruce Wayne no
chinelo. Preciso dizer mais alguma coisa?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #9a9a9a;&quot;&gt;Disponível 24 horas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #9a9a9a;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Todo o conceito do Batman depende de
sombras. Escuridão. Onde você acha isso… À luz do dia? Isso significaria
queimar seus maiores aliados: as sombras e o anonimato. Fica fácil puxar uma
máscara durante o dia, a não ser que ela seja de ferro. Ou de ouro, no caso.
Iron Man não tem essa frescura. A armadura aguenta um míssil e fica bem mais
bonita durante o dia.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;O sucesso das franquias do morcegão tem una certa dependencia de seus arquirrivais, que dividem a fama - diferentemente do Homem de Ferro, onde seus inimigos não tem tanto prestigio assim - criando legiões de fãs pelo mundo que fazem dos negocios do Batman nas telonas serem mais lucrativos do que do Homem de Ferro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggcu2EbVBjYtY7tCA90gsmB0f_9y8PyPAIimZr6GqwVg6Rg-K5dTZuguTH6mRSgcG9uPHgNy4s1PhQIUmq-UbYkbWRTn-gJqsRhOPCKAGeIzfXbv8S3FJBP34A_1njZqxW8vJPjg5cgOOQ/s1600/caixadeassuntos23.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;489&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggcu2EbVBjYtY7tCA90gsmB0f_9y8PyPAIimZr6GqwVg6Rg-K5dTZuguTH6mRSgcG9uPHgNy4s1PhQIUmq-UbYkbWRTn-gJqsRhOPCKAGeIzfXbv8S3FJBP34A_1njZqxW8vJPjg5cgOOQ/s1600/caixadeassuntos23.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Preservando o seu patrimônio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Tony Stark explodiu muita coisa. Mas
fica a pergunta: quantas dessas coisas não eram dele? Tudo que foi destruído
por Iron Man tinha patente das Indústrias Stark ou era propriedade de Tony
Stark. Já Bruce Wayne permitiu que sua cidade (ele não comprou a cidade, ok?)
fosse vítima de um ataque bioquímico. E não vamos esquecer a destruição do
transporte público. E nem um arranhão no patrimônio – ah, a casa queimada, que
o seguro prontamente refez. Que beleza.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Satisfação garantida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Convenhamos. Se é pra ser um super
herói, ou você gosta da coisa, ou pendura as super chuteiras. Tony Stark é fã
do que faz até debaixo d’água. Mesmo quando as coisas apertam, ele gosta de ser
O cara. Bruce Wayne? Sério, só falta colocar uma música do Simple Plan toda vez
que Bruce começa a desabafar na orelha do pobre Alfred. Se a Terra estivesse em
perigo amanhã, pra quem você ligaria? Para quem adora salvar o dia ou para quem
vive lamentando a terrível obrigação de fazer isso? A resposta é óbvia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Em constante evolução&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;A carreira de Tony Stark se resumia a
fazer e vender armas. É difícil ser um herói com essa no currículo. Algo como
“antes de ser Madre Tereza de Calcutá, eu fazia a vida no Bahamas”. Mas no
segundo em que Tony percebeu que seu caminho estava errado, ele se dedicou a
reverter o quadro. Bruce Wayne surtou, se mudou pro outro lado do mundo e
deixou a empresa dos pais – praticamente um baluarte da glória de Gotham –
virar uma sucursal militar. Quando Bruce voltou, o que fez? Continuou todos os
projetos desprezíveis. Quanta nobreza, Bruce. E o plus: não podemos esquecer
que Tony Stark fritou sua empresa. Normalmente, isso significa falência. Mas
ele continua torrando dinheiro… E a fortuna nunca acaba! Isso significa que o
saldo bancário de Tony Stark é bem mais estável que o de Bruce Wayne – ele é
infinito. HAR, HAR.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;Mas afinal quem ganharia essa
disputa?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Bom, acho que dá pra perceber que um
combate direto contra o Homem de Ferro seria suicídio da parte do Batman, então
ele obviamente atacaria de formas indiretas. Atacando pelas sombras, o Morcegão
encontraria um jeito de sair do radar do Latinha e com certeza o acertaria, mas
será que simples socos e&amp;nbsp;pontapés&amp;nbsp;seriam o suficiente? Bom, seria bem
difícil perfurar a defesa da armadura utilizando apenas golpes. Então outra boa
estratégia seria atacá-lo à distância, jogando seus vários veículos em cima do
Stark. Apesar da grande resistência, talvez surtisse efeito e algum estrago
fosse feito. Caso isso também não desse certo, talvez a última opção viável
fosse desligar a armadura. E talvez até desse certo, mas como a armadura está
ligada ao corpo do Tony graças ao vírus tecno-orgânico, ela só pararia de
funcionar se o usuário fosse morto. E como é extremamente difícil machucar o
Stark dentro da armadura, o Batman acabaria encurralado e inevitavelmente
derrotado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Ah! a Fortuna estimada de cada um:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Bruce Wayne: US$ 9 bilhões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;Tony Stark: US$ 12,5 bilhões&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/6368034445749457813/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/04/batman-vs-homem-de-ferro-quem-vence.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6368034445749457813'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/6368034445749457813'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2015/04/batman-vs-homem-de-ferro-quem-vence.html' title='Batman vs Homem de Ferro quem vence?'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2EYuHmPMmS80DcrXUR1BGYjRHC2wzlfXT2XM4K0x2H23f0SEiUe_57mbxMHXlKUCcAY0H3aWcc6eqHynLuubQKsHdXJnQH2kM0izGxq7XU4SwkhOi3HkmSBsjWDVGKJ4-QXDuRJpKTUFX/s72-c/caixadeassuntos3.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-1291976863416230269</id><published>2014-08-09T12:55:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2021-03-22T17:27:10.208-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A GUERRA MINERAL</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Países denunciam a China para ter acesso a metais vitais na indústria de alta tecnologia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;São incontáveis as guerras travadas para obter recursos naturais. Os exemplos vão da Guerra do Golfo, em 1991, aos conflitos de séculos entre franceses e alemães em torno da Alsácia-Lorena [&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;hoje pertencente à França&lt;/em&gt;], região rica em ferro e carvão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Na indústria de alta tecnologia, os metais terras-raras são insumos tão essenciais quanto o carvão foi na Revolução Industrial. Esses minerais (não confundir com metais raros, como ouro ou prata) conferem características especiais a ligas metálicas sem as quais seria difícil imaginar a existência de equipamentos de última geração, entre eles iPhones, lasers e carros híbridos, como o Toyota Prius&amp;nbsp;&lt;em style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;(veja os quadros no final do texto).&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Batalha na OMC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O neodímio, por exemplo, é usado para produzir o ímã mais poderoso de que se tem notícia, e graças aele os celulares podem vibrar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Para manterem acesso irrestrito a esses metais, as maiores potências prometem se lançar em uma nova batalha, mas, desta vez, nos tribunais da Organização Mundial de Comércio (OMC), trincheira na qual são travadas as atuais disputas econômicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O consumo mundial dos dezessete elementos chamados de terras-raras hoje é de 150&amp;nbsp;mil toneladas por ano, e só tende a crescer. Hoje, quase todo o fornecimento sai de minas chinesas. Em 1992, o então líder do Partido Comunista, Deng Xiaoping, teria dito que, se “o Oriente Médio tem petróleo, nós temos os elementos terras-raras”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O planeta ficou nas mãos da China&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A frase tem um quê de exagero (afinal, a China detém cerca de metade das reservas conhecidas), mas o fato é que os chineses dominam esse mercado desde a metade da década de 80. O baixíssimo preço no passado e os enxutos custos de produção na China fizeram com que empresas de outros países não se interessassem pela exploração desses elementos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Resultado: o planeta ficou nas mãos da China. Estima-se que 97% da demanda mundial seja suprida pelo país. Agora o governo chinês passou a estabelecer cotas de exportação. Os preços dispararam. O quilo do óxido de lantânio, que já custou 4 dólares, chegou a mais de 150.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;No Brasil, minas estatizadas e decadência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Os Estados Unidos, a União Europeia e o Japão entraram dias atrás com uma ação conjunta na OMC para denunciar supostas restrições da China no fornecimento. Editorial publicado pela agência de notícias oficial chinesa Xinhua classificou a ação na OMC de “imprudente e injusta” e disse que “a exploração excessiva impactou o ambiente”, por isso se fazia necessário o controle da produção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Novas jazidas deverão começar a ser exploradas em outros países, como a Austrália e os Estados Unidos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O Brasil é detentor de grandes reservas. Até suas minas serem estatizadas nos anos 60 e entrarem em decadência, esses minerais eram extraídos e processados no Brasil. A monazita (mineralque contém terras-raras) tem ocorrência comum na areia de praias do Espírito Santo e da Bahia. Agora, grupos privados estudam prospectar essas riquezas minerais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Os metais terras-raras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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O que são terras-raras?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
São dezessete elementos químicos difíceis de ser encontrados com alto grau de pureza e concentração. Eles são bons condutores de eletricidade e de calor, além de altamente magnetizáveis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9rSFrWQPyYxHoIn8PNuYvBc-5V0ayr_6cMf3Lm7OvfZKeFuaQ4tA3SFWycSn65mzmAfJWf6pxmuo30TxqpfkT6spuJ8Ux29z8gDZTEXmvPqVKYrov56kuSSu9lSlYW3HrM670EoBvWhiE/s1600/Imagem6.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9rSFrWQPyYxHoIn8PNuYvBc-5V0ayr_6cMf3Lm7OvfZKeFuaQ4tA3SFWycSn65mzmAfJWf6pxmuo30TxqpfkT6spuJ8Ux29z8gDZTEXmvPqVKYrov56kuSSu9lSlYW3HrM670EoBvWhiE/s1600/Imagem6.png&quot; width=&quot;78&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;TELAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Esses elementos são usados na formação das cores primárias: európio para o azul, cério e térbio para o verde e outro íon do európio para o vermelho. Já o ítrio não emite radiações visíveis e é utilizado como diluidor, para a luz emitida pela tela não ser absorvida pelos íons ativadores que a produzem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;TURBINAS EÓLICAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
O neodímio tem propriedades magnéticas que são essenciais para o funcionamento desses geradores. São usadas até 2 toneladas de metais terras-raras para construir uma turbina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;CARROS HÍBRIDOS E ELÉTRICOS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
Combinado ao níquel, o lantânio amplia o tempo e a autonomia da bateria. Cada bateria leva cerca de 30 quilos dessa liga metálica, com até 15 quilos de lantânio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;REFI&lt;/strong&gt;NAMENTO DO PETRÓLEO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwu6vO9V0u8Ffu3td58PhIEjeDH64NOZh-0YEaZ6pr7xeznq0ao8lyyQlRn4xMlUlyQPUJliOcUXPCG-Tg2wm8Q7waGNKMQ_ZZXVzEQEcGoydlxAJXMAbBfz7Ng4GKRYPpcoiDbs9TmioF/s1600/Imagem7.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;155&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwu6vO9V0u8Ffu3td58PhIEjeDH64NOZh-0YEaZ6pr7xeznq0ao8lyyQlRn4xMlUlyQPUJliOcUXPCG-Tg2wm8Q7waGNKMQ_ZZXVzEQEcGoydlxAJXMAbBfz7Ng4GKRYPpcoiDbs9TmioF/w70-h155/Imagem7.png&quot; width=&quot;70&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;O lantânio é utilizado como catalisador em um processo chamado craqueamento, que tem&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; clear: left; color: #333333; display: inline; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;como objetivo quebrar as moléculas de alto peso e baixo valor comercial existentes no petróleo e transformá-las em moléculas mais leves e com maior valor comercial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;LASERS DE ESTADO SÓLIDO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; color: #333333; line-height: 18px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 10px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;border: 0px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;São lasers propagados em meios sólidos, como cristais e fibras ópticas. Os elementos terras-raras são adicionados, em pequenas quantidades, a esses condutores, aumentando a eficiência na transmissão de energia. São usados em mísseis direcionados, computadores, aparelhos de uso médico, etc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/1291976863416230269/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2014/08/a-guerra-mineral.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1291976863416230269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1291976863416230269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2014/08/a-guerra-mineral.html' title='A GUERRA MINERAL'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2oVchSlmDn0AGS9EGKjs2Qhmzelkq7DSf3zovSwZjMWXbWNrOxkYFdNTibAh-lTvk_b9HdEpbNlmpo1Z8bJoDjInCN6xWmSWsWWAFYSl40INbG5fZDNVHp0KL74QsKDdq14ZVwfiZ5pvO/s72-w640-h325-c/Imagem2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-1329220886932865613</id><published>2014-08-09T12:37:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2021-03-22T17:30:03.126-07:00</updated><title type='text'>A Tabela do Tesouro.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; margin: 7.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #888888; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Empresas
brasileiras começam a explorar minerais diferentes. O problema é que os riscos
ambientais são tão grandes quanto às oportunidades econômicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpiSWcfAMXk3B5tlj8_Er1DFIgs7QmiKMCDn83YaTudHYym8K0s2cIFK1XPoTg13oMAD7gUh1qgTZtTTtYE_EpdW_cQLD9QrfqFrNz_hOSzmwEdU_LA-dKSyRAB1pADBVRPmcM-RNq0m2P/s1600/Sem+t%C3%ADtulo.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpiSWcfAMXk3B5tlj8_Er1DFIgs7QmiKMCDn83YaTudHYym8K0s2cIFK1XPoTg13oMAD7gUh1qgTZtTTtYE_EpdW_cQLD9QrfqFrNz_hOSzmwEdU_LA-dKSyRAB1pADBVRPmcM-RNq0m2P/s16000/Sem+título.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;A cotação do ouro bateu novos recordes em meados do mês passado. Atingiu
pela primeira vez US$ 1,6 mil a onça (31,1 gramas). Mas as grandes
oportunidades de negócios estão em minerais sobre os quais você nunca ouviu
falar. Lantânio, neodímio, európio e disprósio, por exemplo. Parece a escalação
de um ataque de marcianos ou uma estrofe de um poema dadaísta. Nada disso. São
os nomes de alguns dos produtos em alta crescente nas bolsas de commodities. E
não são os únicos. No pequeno município de Maracás, a 365 quilômetros ao sul de
Salvador, o termo vanádio foi incorporado ao vocabulário local. Ali, em pleno
agreste baiano, ocorre a maior concentração desse metal em jazidas de todo o
planeta. O produto, cuja cor escura destoa da terra alaranjada da região, é usado
na fabricação de um tipo especial de aço e alumínio, mais leve e resistente que
os convencionais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;A relação entre o vanádio e os 25 mil habitantes de Maracás (40% deles
na zona rural) não é nova. Sua presença na região é conhecida há duas décadas.
A exploração da reserva, contudo, só se tornou viável agora. Ela foi puxada
pelo aumento da demanda por ligas metálicas menos pesadas, usadas pela
indústria aeronáutica, a construção civil e os fabricantes de tubulações de
óleo e gás. “A necessidade de reconstruir as áreas afetadas pelo acidente
nuclear de Fukushima, no Japão, também contribuiu para aquecer o mercado”, diz
o gaúcho Kurt Menchen, presidente da Largo Mineração, empresa de origem
canadense responsável pela extração do minério na Bahia. O preço do vanádio
quase dobrou entre 2007 e 2008, de US$ 7,40 para US$ 12,90 a libra. Caiu com a
crise nos Estados Unidos, mas voltou a subir em 2011, chegando a US$ 9.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;A mina da Largo deve começar a operar em 2012. Hoje, não passa de uma
vala, com 30 metros de comprimento. Nos próximos 15 anos, assumirá uma forma
elíptica, com quase 400 metros de comprimento no seu trecho mais extenso.
Ocupará uma área equivalente a 12 campos de futebol. Estão previstos
investimentos de US$ 270 milhões na região. Um total de 1,2 mil trabalhadores
será contratado na primeira etapa da exploração. São números tão eloquentes
para o agreste baiano que o impacto da mina deve reverberar em pelo menos sete
cidades. A reserva está estimada em 10 milhões de toneladas – mas pode ser o
dobro, segundo pesquisas recentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;O tal do tálio&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Barreiras, outra cidade baiana, a 900 quilômetros de Salvador, é um polo
produtor de soja, algodão e milho. Agora, está se familiarizando com a palavra
tálio – outro elemento emergente da tabela periódica. Uma das maiores minas
desse metal do mundo foi descoberta ali, em fevereiro. Tem reservas estimadas
em 60 toneladas, o suficiente para suprir a demanda global por seis anos. E
esse pode ser um cálculo parcimonioso. A pesquisa concentrou-se em 2% da
região.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;O tálio é usado em motores de carros, supercondutores, chips, vidros de
alto poder de refração e dispositivos de comunicação sem fio. O grama do
produto valorizou 30% em quatro anos. A jazida de Barreiras será explorada pela
Itaoeste, criada em 2002 pelo empresário Olacyr de Moraes, o rei da soja nos
anos 70. Ela transformará o Brasil em um competitivo fornecedor, num segmento
dominado pela China e pelo Cazaquistão. A exploração está prevista para começar
em 2015.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Não é só vanádio e tálio. A Bahia está se tornando o maior centro de
mineração do país. O Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral (DNPM), do
Ministério de Minas e Energia, registrou 11.257 pedidos de pesquisa mineral no
Brasil entre janeiro e maio deste ano, 44% mais que no mesmo período do ano
passado. A Bahia foi a principal alavanca desse salto, com 2.584 solicitações.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Terras raras&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;As terras raras representam outra oportunidade. Trata-se de um conjunto
de minerais não ferrosos, com 17 variedades, descobertos entre 1794 e 1907.
Diferem uns dos outros no número de elétrons em torno do átomo. Por isso,
ocupam uma ala específica da tabela periódica. O ataque da seleção de Marte
(com lantânio, neodímio, európio e disprósio) faz parte desse grupo. A equipe
completa inclui cério, praseodímio, promécio, samário, gadolínio, térbio,
hólmio, érbio, túlio, itérbio, escândio, ítrio e lutécio. Formam um time e seis
reservas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Os nomes são esquisitos, mas suas aplicações são estratégicas. As terras
raras são usadas em vários produtos de tecnologia de ponta. Um exemplo são os
ímãs de alta capacidade, usados em motores que movimentam carros elétricos ou
turbinas das torres eólicas. Outras partes dos veículos também se valem desses
minerais. O Prius, o híbrido da Toyota, usa 500 gramas de lantânio em suas
baterias. Eles também estão na receita de smartphones, iPods e iPads, além de
fibras ópticas, painéis solares, lâmpadas de LED e mísseis. São essenciais para
boa parte das ferramentas e brinquedinhos eletrônicos do século XXI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhennuRIEJlSrpvCupp3F4IdnkcGW4ke2-quQsYBbNNT6bRLg6g0I8_HKFWZ67M8tLizDtIz3InD47SYrzfGeBTHWIffF88qVdEYHkYPFbFvHOmKmM2otx_ZlD7MtGjjfeZFN9FY102XliP/s1600/0,,54156068,00.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhennuRIEJlSrpvCupp3F4IdnkcGW4ke2-quQsYBbNNT6bRLg6g0I8_HKFWZ67M8tLizDtIz3InD47SYrzfGeBTHWIffF88qVdEYHkYPFbFvHOmKmM2otx_ZlD7MtGjjfeZFN9FY102XliP/s16000/0,,54156068,00.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge9HsrgABqKTslKNFB7zsfSJHV9eEYb-77nnUxWZHCZtlNManz4-10wZR5u1FD5t0-_XsJhXpVzwUkP_Zvzstyr2lUVtxy_2ikSVdWPghzs5ypuWXn2FWTu8_KjKHOyL2r3oqhh9V9j2Jv/s1600/0,,54155976,00.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge9HsrgABqKTslKNFB7zsfSJHV9eEYb-77nnUxWZHCZtlNManz4-10wZR5u1FD5t0-_XsJhXpVzwUkP_Zvzstyr2lUVtxy_2ikSVdWPghzs5ypuWXn2FWTu8_KjKHOyL2r3oqhh9V9j2Jv/s1600/0,,54155976,00.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhennuRIEJlSrpvCupp3F4IdnkcGW4ke2-quQsYBbNNT6bRLg6g0I8_HKFWZ67M8tLizDtIz3InD47SYrzfGeBTHWIffF88qVdEYHkYPFbFvHOmKmM2otx_ZlD7MtGjjfeZFN9FY102XliP/s1600/0,,54156068,00.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Kl3CX_cj2E6QVi0C9illjWIwZW9x7Jlxwpp6Ukix39OMQfIbXBNYLMgkRvP2ZOgLLw1MR5XxlckJKAOnOdmsxrJfHtcbrn_6-MUWCVajx7LCWSJeUHxku6MNLqj-aQqBkW8gq1e0irHP/s1600/0,,54156017,00.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1Kl3CX_cj2E6QVi0C9illjWIwZW9x7Jlxwpp6Ukix39OMQfIbXBNYLMgkRvP2ZOgLLw1MR5XxlckJKAOnOdmsxrJfHtcbrn_6-MUWCVajx7LCWSJeUHxku6MNLqj-aQqBkW8gq1e0irHP/s1600/0,,54156017,00.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f6f6f6; color: #333333; font-size: x-small; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;&quot;&gt;Kurt Menchen, da Largo, e o vanádio. A empresa vai explorar o mineral no agreste baiano.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Cada vez mais caros&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;O preço desses minerais explodiu no último ano. Em janeiro de 2009, o
quilo do neodímio (usado para produzir ímãs, lentes e um tipo de laser) estava
cotado em US$ 15. Atingiu US$ 200 no início de 2010. Culpa da China, disparado
o maior produtor de terras raras do mundo. Os chineses detêm 97% das vendas,
estimadas em US$ 5 bilhões anuais (135 mil toneladas por ano, uma demanda que
deve chegar a 180 mil em 2012). Exercem esse domínio desde os anos 90, quando
entraram no mercado com preços imbatíveis. Derrubaram as cifras da tabela periódica
da mesma maneira que desmontaram mercados de tecidos, calçados e bugigangas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;As cotações subiram no fim de 2010, no momento em que a China impôs
cotas de exportação desses produtos. Alegou que restrições ambientais na
extração dos minérios tornaram a produção mais cara e escassa. Mas há outras
interpretações. Alguns analistas afirmam que os chineses querem dizer adeus à
condição de despachantes de commodities. Em vez de vender o neodímio em estado
bruto, pretendem fabricar ímãs e vender os motores prontos. Eles têm adotado
estratégia semelhante para agregar valor em outros ramos da indústria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;No Brasil, além do aumento do preço, a discussão sobre terras raras
ganhou uma motivação adicional no fim de 2010. Em novembro, a U.S. Geological
Survey, a agência americana de pesquisas geológicas, divulgou um artigo
indicando que as maiores reservas do mundo estão em cidades brasileiras como
Araxá (MG) e Catalão (GO). As estimativas não são consensuais. Tomaram como
base estudos feitos por um técnico brasileiro, apresentados em um congresso em
1996. (O país já explorou esses produtos, mas os abandonou, juntamente com os
Estados Unidos, após a investida chinesa.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Nos últimos meses, o governo brasileiro abraçou a causa das terras raras
– e o combate ao monopólio chinês. O ministro da Ciência e Tecnologia, Aloizio
Mercadante, tentou empurrar a Vale para esse campo. No mês passado, o
presidente da mineradora, Murilo Ferreira, afirmou que entraria no ramo e que
havia pedido estudos para técnicos da companhia. Mas a equação não é tão
simples. O preço dessas commodities está nas alturas. Mas todos no mercado
esperam que baixe. Só não se sabe em qual andar o valor vai se estabilizar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Risco ambiental&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;A exploração desse tipo de minério é outro complicador. O nome terras
raras é um equívoco. Esses elementos são tão abundantes na crosta terrestre
como o níquel, o cobre, o zinco ou o chumbo. A dupla túlio e lutécio é 200
vezes mais comum que o ouro. A raridade reside na concentração com que ocorrem
na natureza, extremamente baixa. Os 17 elementos são de difícil separação da
terra e outros detritos. Há mais. Esses metais tendem a se agrupar em rochas,
junto a materiais radioativos. Do ponto de vista de segurança (inclusive
ambiental), a exploração de terras raras é uma operação de risco. Considerações
semelhantes devem ser aplicadas à produção de minerais na Bahia. O tálio também
é radioativo. Os rejeitos do vanádio, como os de qualquer minério, têm de ser
permanentemente controlados. Todas essas minas precisam ainda planejar como as atividades
de exploração serão encerradas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Soa surpreendente, mas o rompimento de barragens é uma consequência não
tão rara da exploração inadequada de produtos extraídos da natureza. Elas são
construídas para conter rejeitos, e nem sempre suportam aumentos repentinos de
demanda. Nesses casos, o ritmo de extração cresce e os depósitos com detritos
atingem níveis além dos previstos. Como falta fiscalização, sobram acidentes.
Em 2007, uma barreira com restos de caulim, argila usada no branqueamento de
papel, desabou perto de Barcarena, a 123 quilômetros de Belém (PA). Cerca de 70
milhões de litros do material foram despejados em um córrego. O resíduo não
traz riscos para o ser humano, mas matou peixes. A Imerys, empresa responsável
pelo empreendimento, foi multada em R$ 4 milhões.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;O outro lado&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Ocorre que o esforço de extração de produtos pode valer a pena. E isso
se aplica aos novos minerais. É nesse sentido que aponta um estudo da Fundação
Centros de Referência em Tecnologias Inovadoras (Certi), de Santa Catarina. Os
pesquisadores analisaram o neodímio, usado na fabricação dos superímãs. A
operação comercial foi classificada como “viável, competitiva e estratégica”.
Atingiria um custo de US$ 87 o quilo, sendo que o metal não deve ser vendido
por menos de US$ 100. Mas há uma ressalva, segundo Carlos Alberto Schneider,
superintendente da Certi: “É importante que o país domine toda a cadeia de
produção. Temos de extrair o material, separá-lo, formar a liga, construir os
ímãs e os produtos onde serão utilizados. Esse seria um bom negócio”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Um número crescente de empresas segue essa rota. A Molycorp Minerals vai
reativar a maior mina de terras raras dos Estados Unidos, em Mountain Pass, na
Califórnia. A Ucore Rare Metals, empresa do Canadá, procura pelos 17 elementos no
Alasca. A australiana Lynas Corporation engrossa a fila. Todas essas companhias
estão em alerta após o choque de preços provocado pela China. Aliás, os
chineses foram mais longe. Eles não subiram somente as cifras. Usaram as terras
raras como instrumento de pressão numa escaramuça com o Japão. Cortaram o
fornecimento dos metais depois que um barco de pesca chinês foi apreendido por
autoridades japonesas em um trecho do mar disputado pelos dois países. Ter
reservas de terras raras pode nem ser uma vantagem excepcional, mas ficar sem
elas parece representar um risco maior.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; margin: 7.5pt 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/1329220886932865613/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2014/08/a-tabela-do-tesouro.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1329220886932865613'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/1329220886932865613'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2014/08/a-tabela-do-tesouro.html' title='A Tabela do Tesouro.'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpiSWcfAMXk3B5tlj8_Er1DFIgs7QmiKMCDn83YaTudHYym8K0s2cIFK1XPoTg13oMAD7gUh1qgTZtTTtYE_EpdW_cQLD9QrfqFrNz_hOSzmwEdU_LA-dKSyRAB1pADBVRPmcM-RNq0m2P/s1600/Sem+título.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-7559391819317635111</id><published>2013-08-05T10:37:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2014-03-09T12:00:20.662-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Advogado que lida com negócios tem salário maior.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;A escassez de advogados que
também entendem de negócios faz com que esses profissionais recebam salários
maiores dos que os pagos em áreas tradicionais, como a cível e a trabalhista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Um guia
salarial da consultoria de recrutamento Hays, divulgado neste mês, mostra que
os advogados com maiores remunerações são aqueles que atendem as corporações em
temas como mercado de capitais, fusões e aquisições, análise societária,
mercado imobiliário, infraestrutura e energia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Por
exemplo, um advogado sênior no direito trabalhista recebe ao ano entre R$ 104
mil e R$ 170 mil em São Paulo, de acordo com a pesquisa. Já um especialista
sênior em direito societário ganha entre R$ 117 mil e R$ 200 mil.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Raphael
Falcão, diretor da Hays, diz que esses advogados ganham mais por serem mais
raros. &quot;Outro fator muito importante é que os escritórios de advocacia
costumam ganhar fatias dos contratos que negociam&quot;, afirma.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;De
acordo com a Hays, outro advogado muito procurado pelas empresas hoje é o
especialista em &quot;compliance&quot;. É o profissional que verifica se
práticas da companhia estão em conformidade com as leis e o regulamento
interno, prevenindo fraudes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwwk27F4KP7WnO9IHxV6L50g7JbInVMMWmfrySuvb7cAgt66Rjc7M9elyjRho0035eEu7BuH6YnkUIgrcuMUXVLDPKyh-yCmCA53CSIGwKK41o5rcdKQmod5NBXJKvtcbfrs_KOE5FlSw9/s1600/13179251.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwwk27F4KP7WnO9IHxV6L50g7JbInVMMWmfrySuvb7cAgt66Rjc7M9elyjRho0035eEu7BuH6YnkUIgrcuMUXVLDPKyh-yCmCA53CSIGwKK41o5rcdKQmod5NBXJKvtcbfrs_KOE5FlSw9/s1600/13179251.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 639px;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #12838B 2.25pt; border: none; padding: 2.25pt 0cm 2.25pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Giovanni Falcetta, advogado especialista em compliance do escritório
  Aidar SBZ.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;O advogado Giovanni Falcetta, 32, escolheu essa
área para atuar no escritório Aidar SBZ por considerar que esse tipo de
conhecimento será cada vez mais mais procurado. &quot;Temos mercados mais
regulados no Brasil e no mundo, então essa política é necessária para cuidar
até do patrimônio intangível da empresa [como sua marca].&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Para adquirir esses conhecimentos, ele fez
especializações e um mestrado na Itália.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&quot;Os advogados vão ter que se diferenciar cada
vez mais nesse mercado se quiserem melhores posições. A concorrência para
entrar na pós-graduação já é similar à registrada na graduação&quot;, afirma
Emerson Ribeiro Fabiani, coordenador da Direito GV.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Na instituição, o curso de pós-graduação em direito
societário tem mensalidade de R$ 1.728,73. Esse tipo de especialização é visto
como um investimento para a carreira, mas profissionais da área afirmam que o
melhor é, primeiro, buscar noções práticas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Um dos caminhos para isso é estagiar em escritórios
que tenham especialidades distintas. Foi o que fez Ana Karina Esteves de Souza,
36, sócia da área de infraestrutura do escritório Machado, Meyer, Sendacz e
Opice Advogados e especialista no setor de energia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&quot;No quarto ano, comecei a estagiar aqui e fui
exposta ao dia a dia dos negócios. O trabalho em temas como arranjos
societários, diagnósticos jurídicos e leilões de energia foi me atraindo&quot;,
diz Souza.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;











&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&quot;Com o tempo, fui formando minha equipe e
construindo uma carteira de clientes.&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdYLMC6P7cmNJsI5jChGAw-n6c4fY5hHj6geA_Lf7OzuIC8bALzilev2aA2_mL76DfVCbuzehA0_OPkp-_6G9MqJc8gXsrkdlNH6GnK7kAtJ8-0Z5T18eFkLga3tYHrcihZrPF9Wckyg4X/s1600/13179243.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdYLMC6P7cmNJsI5jChGAw-n6c4fY5hHj6geA_Lf7OzuIC8bALzilev2aA2_mL76DfVCbuzehA0_OPkp-_6G9MqJc8gXsrkdlNH6GnK7kAtJ8-0Z5T18eFkLga3tYHrcihZrPF9Wckyg4X/s1600/13179243.jpeg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center; width: 639px;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #12838B 2.25pt; border: none; padding: 2.25pt 0cm 2.25pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 10.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Advogada Ana Karina Esteves de Souza, sócia da área de infraestrutura
  do escritório Machado, Meyer, Sendacz e Opice.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;FALHA NA GRADUAÇÃO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Mas a maior parte dos profissionais de direito no
país tem formação deficitária. É o que diz Braz Martins Neto, conselheiro da
OAB-SP . &quot;Há uma mercantilização do ensino: a maioria das escolas não se
preocupa com a formação&quot;, diz.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&quot;Em São Paulo, temos entre 35 mil e 40 mil
bacharéis formados por ano, mas só cerca de 40% conseguem passar no exame da
ordem&quot;, afirma.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;Segundo os últimos dados do Inep (Instituto
Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais), em 2011 o país tinha 1.121
cursos de direito e 95 mil formados.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;De acordo com Neto, isso leva muitos profissionais
de direito a receberem menos de R$ 3 mil por mês ou apenas tentar passar em
concursos públicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&quot;Mas o advogado com talento, boa formação e
dedicação sempre terá boas posições, seja no direito tradicional seja no
cenário que envolve a cadeia de produção.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/7559391819317635111/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2013/08/advogado-que-lida-com-negocios-tem.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/7559391819317635111'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/7559391819317635111'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2013/08/advogado-que-lida-com-negocios-tem.html' title='Advogado que lida com negócios tem salário maior.'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwwk27F4KP7WnO9IHxV6L50g7JbInVMMWmfrySuvb7cAgt66Rjc7M9elyjRho0035eEu7BuH6YnkUIgrcuMUXVLDPKyh-yCmCA53CSIGwKK41o5rcdKQmod5NBXJKvtcbfrs_KOE5FlSw9/s72-c/13179251.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-4294259996508986372</id><published>2013-01-05T17:14:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2021-03-22T18:04:25.601-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Como se tornar um designer automotivo de verdade?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Este
post quer ajudar você a transformar o sonho em realidade. Para embasar, batemos
um papo bem instrutivo com Marcio Sartori, profissional com passagens pela
Volkswagen, Fiat e Ford, e que hoje dirige a Ícon Design, uma das raríssimas
instituições de ensino voltadas para o setor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O
primeiro item obrigatório parece simples, mas não é: você precisa ter muita
habilidade no desenho manual. Precisa desenhar muito bem. E isso não é tão
fácil quanto parece. Não basta ter desenhado um monte de F40 e Porsche 959 no
caderno. É preciso desenvolver uma habilidade específica para o chamado sketch
automotivo. Santori diz que alguns profissionais chegam a fazer quatro vezes o
mesmo curso básico de sua escola. Isso: eles repetem o mesmo curso até quatro
vezes só para aprimorar a técnica, como se frequentassem uma academia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6GlzWmFHRkv4QF1LUZkoaB3UKNZ4aKbfeBNRRSMQbWjIeBvwqRgXPm3PYzLbJT4T_IRTZ1HZwhIJ7iQUca8FCFBHne8HNCq0VDQ56gUMPEsQRfcmisS9gU-DswtzbfHisfTNYsEVO4cvL/s1600/2.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6GlzWmFHRkv4QF1LUZkoaB3UKNZ4aKbfeBNRRSMQbWjIeBvwqRgXPm3PYzLbJT4T_IRTZ1HZwhIJ7iQUca8FCFBHne8HNCq0VDQ56gUMPEsQRfcmisS9gU-DswtzbfHisfTNYsEVO4cvL/s16000/2.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;“Tem
gente que confunde designer com artista, mas está errado. Ele não é artista,
ele tem aptidões artísticas e aplica isso de forma científica, embasada”&lt;/i&gt;, diz
Sartori. No curso de Sketch Automotivo da Icon, tem moleque de até 14 anos
matriculado. O grosso, porém, são estudantes universitários de desenho
industrial que buscam uma formação mais especializada para desenvolver técnicas
de observação, traço e perspectiva.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: arial; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;O
próximo passo é talvez o mais interessante. Chama-se Gestalt Automotivo –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191; text-decoration-line: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;gestalt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;é uma palavra alemã que significa a psicologia da
forma. Nesse curso, a ênfase é no conceito que leva ao desenvolvimento do
design. “Uma coisa é desenhar um carro qualquer, outra coisa é desenhar um
carro para uma marca específica, sintetizando as referências para um objetivo
específico. Até para quem não trabalha com design este curso é bem
interessante. Gerentes de produto e profissionais de marketing, por exemplo, já
passaram por ele”, diz Sartori.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrKB5XhwfjlGQtZKbMby_KDjVCLCN-A49boOxvxkaNNAt9kOhkM6JB62eVFx23x-Wwaaqbk9uY8UyMmNPD2sca2eJs58M3tITIJW5WQsiKqWN4ddCY-WZbKXaJHKh2McgJJNh-apxRbbV/s1600/3.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBrKB5XhwfjlGQtZKbMby_KDjVCLCN-A49boOxvxkaNNAt9kOhkM6JB62eVFx23x-Wwaaqbk9uY8UyMmNPD2sca2eJs58M3tITIJW5WQsiKqWN4ddCY-WZbKXaJHKh2McgJJNh-apxRbbV/s1600/3.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;v:shape alt=&quot;http://cdn.jalopnik.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Screenshot_21-e1327677107731.jpg&quot; id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_3&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1029&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; height: 249.75pt; visibility: visible; width: 450pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;Agora
vamos falar um pouco mais (de forma resumida) sobre como é o processo de
definição das linhas de um automóvel. Isso ajuda a entender a divisão de
funções que um designer pode exercer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;Com
todos os esboços prontos, é hora de scanear os desenhos e transformá-los em
renderizações 2D, ou seja: transformar um desenho feito à mão em dados digitais
com linhas, proporções e perspectivas definidas. Isso geralmente fica a cargo
do próprio designer responsável pelos sketches. Já a etapa seguinte – a
modelagem digital em três dimensões – é tarefa de um profissional à parte.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf37n-umFDxlNaynKXoV48FIgfB-M5-JF3T17ImMUYaImpfFfpzkQm0tgslO6lyimA-YLy5SXQAFQOUKrjUtzer0sePdbQSPVvG1SkUTsfUy5jfMQwUDW6_OChWECL2KIIxDTb7bHSGI4q/s1600/4.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf37n-umFDxlNaynKXoV48FIgfB-M5-JF3T17ImMUYaImpfFfpzkQm0tgslO6lyimA-YLy5SXQAFQOUKrjUtzer0sePdbQSPVvG1SkUTsfUy5jfMQwUDW6_OChWECL2KIIxDTb7bHSGI4q/s1600/4.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;v:shape alt=&quot;http://cdn.jalopnik.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Screenshot_1.jpg&quot; id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_4&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; height: 277.5pt; visibility: visible; width: 449.25pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;Entra
em cena o Alias, o famoso software de design industrial. A modelagem 3D
constrói modelos virtuais a partir dos dados inseridos pelo operador. Assim
começa a definição matemática do relevo e da profundidade das superfícies.
Quando estiver pronto, este conjunto de dados digitais servirá de base para que
uma máquina fresadora CNC (sigla para Computer Numeric Control) possa esculpir
de forma mecânica um modelo em três dimensões, em escala real ou reduzida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;Na
indústria automotiva, o material utilizado para produzir esse modelo de proporções
fiéis é a argila sintética, ou clay. Depois de esculpido pela máquina, o bloco
de argila se mantém maleável, e permite que o modelador de clay possa alterar a
massa conforme o desejado. Esta é uma etapa crucial do processo, pois como todo
designer gosta de dizer, nenhuma projeção 3D substitui a sensação de ver o
objeto materializado, com volumes e sombras reais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;O
clay também pode ser criado de forma manual, através da sensibilidade para
transformar desenhos em esculturas. Por aí você percebe que esse tipo de
profissional é raríssimo e muito valorizado, geralmente formado exclusivamente
pela própria experiência dentro de uma grande fábrica. “Com exceção do nosso,
não existe curso de formação para clay no Brasil. A maioria dos profissionais
que trabalham na área são técnicos da produção, não designers”, diz Sartori.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnYgBnQdqhfN_ivIVglGrT6My69mpNTNMLSnB1fx5Lp-Yp9mduGY9JoPiv-tzTuTZ_cVRaKMPHTiREreAGQ3MSAeeGx0kl_ovdPKqOyQQIoq2fruGLtMWteMp6474i9O4guTtQdyLVRmQ/s1600/5.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXnYgBnQdqhfN_ivIVglGrT6My69mpNTNMLSnB1fx5Lp-Yp9mduGY9JoPiv-tzTuTZ_cVRaKMPHTiREreAGQ3MSAeeGx0kl_ovdPKqOyQQIoq2fruGLtMWteMp6474i9O4guTtQdyLVRmQ/s1600/5.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;v:shape alt=&quot;http://cdn.jalopnik.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Clay-Face-02-e1327676339721.jpg&quot; id=&quot;Imagem_x0020_6&quot; o:spid=&quot;_x0000_i1026&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; height: 300pt; visibility: visible; width: 450pt;&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;Finalmente,
depois de esculpir detalhadamente o modelo de argila e receber a aprovação de
tudo quanto é chefia, este objeto – no caso, um carro – será scaneado
novamente, para que todas as modificações feitas à mão possam ser adicionadas à
renderização 3D. Já vi este processo sendo feito ao vivo: o modelo de clay
ganha centenas ou até milhares de pequenos adesivos metálicos, e é fotografado
sob diversos ângulos por um conjunto de câmeras high-tech que analisam o
reflexo dos adesivos para criar uma nuvem de dados definitiva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;
Fascinante, não?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;A
Icon é teoricamente a única instituição de ensino focada na formação de
designers automotivos, e seus cursos abrangem todas as áreas que citamos acima.
Vale dar uma olhada no&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.icondesign.com.br/cursos/home/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #444444;&quot;&gt;site dos caras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;para entender melhor como funciona. Além dela, já
falamos aqui mesmo no Jalopnik –&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jalopnik.com.br/conteudo/qual-a-formacao-ideal-para-quem-sonha-em-trabalhar-criando-automoveis&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;leia o post&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&amp;quot;Helvetica&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-themetint: 191;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040;&quot;&gt;– sobre os cursos de pós-graduação da FAAP (Design
da Mobilidade) e do IED Brasil (Transportation Design), para gente que já se
formou em desenho industrial ou design de produto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O
caminho está dado. E se depender da quantidade de marcas que estão criando
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picape &amp;nbsp;S10, um produto global desenvolvido pela GM do Brasil – não
faltarão destinos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/4294259996508986372/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2013/01/como-se-tornar-um-designer-automotivo.html#comment-form' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/4294259996508986372'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/4294259996508986372'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2013/01/como-se-tornar-um-designer-automotivo.html' title='Como se tornar um designer automotivo de verdade?'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6GlzWmFHRkv4QF1LUZkoaB3UKNZ4aKbfeBNRRSMQbWjIeBvwqRgXPm3PYzLbJT4T_IRTZ1HZwhIJ7iQUca8FCFBHne8HNCq0VDQ56gUMPEsQRfcmisS9gU-DswtzbfHisfTNYsEVO4cvL/s72-c/2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-5131893542393674127</id><published>2011-11-07T14:05:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2014-03-10T14:10:20.856-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Os hospitais de excelência do Brasil.</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Microsoft PhagsPa&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Filantropia, tecnologia e tradição&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Na hora de tratar da saúde, muita gente se dispõe a viajar ou pagar o que for para conseguir o melhor tratamento. E para isso não é preciso sair do país. Apesar das graves distorções do sistema de saúde brasileiro, algumas instituições se destacam internacionalmente pela excelência. É o caso dos 6 hospitais listados a seguir, todos certificados por um dos maiores órgãos de acreditação de saúde do mundo.&lt;br /&gt;
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São seis hospitais, quatro particulares, e cinco deles em parceria ao SUS, quase todos no eixo Rio-São Paulo. Além de serem referência nas suas especialidades, esses centros têm em comum um selo da &lt;i&gt;Joint Commission International&lt;/i&gt; (JCI), órgão norte-americano representado no Brasil pelo&lt;i&gt; Consórcio Brasileiro de Acreditação &lt;/i&gt;(CBA). A JCI certifica as instituições de saúde que se encaixam nos padrões de seu manual, elaborado por profissionais do mundo inteiro, manual este de alta exigência.&lt;br /&gt;
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A certificação, válida por três anos, é concedida a pedido dos hospitais, que levam cerca de dois anos para se adaptar a todas as exigências de atendimento, gestão, infraestrutura e qualificação profissional. Por meio de visitas, entrevistas e análises de documentos, os avaliadores checam mais de 1.300 itens. Conheça a seguir os hospitais de excelência do Brasil, segundo a avaliação da JCI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hospital Albert Einstein (São Paulo, SP)&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;O hospital mantido pela Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein não é apenas um dos melhores do Brasil, mas também ocupa posição de excelência entre os principais centros de saúde da América Latina. Dono de um bom número de certificações, o Albert Einstein foi o primeiro hospital brasileiro a buscar uma acreditação da JCI, ainda em 1999. Seu centro de atendimento ao paciente com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) também foi certificado, dentro do programa Doenças ou Condições Específicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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O Albert Einstein também tem forte atuação filantrópica, por meio do atendimento ambulatorial e educacional na comunidade de Paraisópolis, zona oeste da capital paulista. Como hospital de excelência credenciado ao SUS, o Einstein também desenvolve nove projetos em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde na área de doação, captação e transplante de órgãos e tecidos em todo o país.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Microsoft PhagsPa, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hospital Sírio-Libanês (São Paulo, SP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Outro integrante da constelação dos hospitais filantrópicos paulistanos de renome internacional, o Sírio-Libanês dispõe de um dos centros de oncologia mais completos da América Latina, além de centros de excelência de Infectologia, Mastologia, Cardiologia, Parkinson, Distúrbios do Movimento, Fígado, Nefrologia, Acompanhamento da Saúde e Check-Up e Diálise. A entidade mantida pela Sociedade Beneficente de Senhoras do Hospital Sírio-Libanês também foi à primeira do país a inaugurar uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), que atualmente destina 30% de seus leitos a pacientes com doenças de alta complexidade em estado crítico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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O hospital Sírio-Libanês também figura na lista das instituições filantrópicas de excelência do Ministério da Saúde. Entre os projetos frutos dessa parceria estão o Banco de Sangue de Cordão Umbilical e Placentário, inaugurado em 2010, apto a atender transplantes de medula e pesquisas com células-tronco. O trabalho filantrópico do Sírio-Libanês também inclui ações como o atendimento ambulatorial e cirúrgico de crianças carentes e o desenvolvimento de atividades preventivas, culturais e de qualificação profissional à população paulistana de baixa renda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Microsoft PhagsPa, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hospital Moinhos de Vento (Porto Alegre, RS)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Localizado na capital gaúcha, o Hospital Moinhos de Vento é o único de fora do eixo Rio-São Paulo a figurar nas duas listas de referência: a dos hospitais brasileiros acreditados pela JCI e a das instituições filantrópicas de excelência integradas ao SUS. Seus carros-chefes são o atendimento hospitalar e ambulatorial nas áreas de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Urologia, Cardiologia, Ortopedia e Trauma, Oncologia, Medicina Intensiva e cirurgias geral, ginecológica, cardiovascular, plástica e materno-infantil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;O hospital conta com duas unidades e construiu um complexo hospitalar, em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde, para atender à população carente da região da Restinga, em Porto Alegre, por meio do SUS.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hospital Copa D´Or (Rio de Janeiro, RJ)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;Especializado em tratamentos de alta complexidade, o Copa D´Or normalmente ganha destaque Brasil afora quando personalidades carioca tem um problema grave de saúde &amp;nbsp;recorre se a ele.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O hospital de Copacabana pertence à Rede D´Or, responsável pelos laboratórios de análises clínicas e de imagem Labs e por alguns dos hospitais particulares mais importantes do Rio de Janeiro, é um dos hospitais mais modernos do pais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Microsoft PhagsPa, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hospital do Coração - HCor (São Paulo, SP)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;A entidade beneficente mantida pelas senhoras da Associação do Sanatório Sírio é referência em cardiologia, cardiopediatria e medicina fetal, mas também se destaca por especialidades como ortopedia e medicina do esporte. O HCor também é considerado um hospital de excelência pelo Ministério da Saúde e integra a rede do SUS, desenvolvendo 22 projetos com o apoio do governo federal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;&quot;&gt;Na frente da filantropia, o HCor desenvolve um amplo trabalho de atendimento cardiológico a crianças carentes, realizando cerca de 1200 atendimentos ambulatoriais e 300 cirurgias por ano. Além disso, sua rede de voluntárias atua na orientação e na educação das mães das crianças internadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia - Into (Rio de Janeiro, RJ)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;O Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (Into) é um centro de excelência no tratamento de doenças e traumas ortopédicos de média e alta complexidade. Relativamente jovem, a instituição foi criada em 1994, como órgão normatizador de procedimentos de ortopedia no país, e hoje se destaca também pelo pioneirismo na área de ensino e pesquisa. Exemplos disso são os estudos voltados para a osteoporose masculina, medicina do esporte e regeneração óssea com a utilização de células-tronco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Apesar de contar com um programa de gestão de filas, os candidatos às cirurgias mais procuradas (joelho, coluna, quadril e trauma) ainda se deparam com longas esperas. A capacidade cirúrgica, no entanto, cresceu em quatro vezes com a inauguração da nova sede do Into.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Microsoft PhagsPa, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/5131893542393674127/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/11/os-hospitais-de-excelencia-do-brasil.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5131893542393674127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5131893542393674127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/11/os-hospitais-de-excelencia-do-brasil.html' title='Os hospitais de excelência do Brasil.'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg577ORuPca1brb6FxWwqWa5SJzpPO0hJhBnNCUdWXTnGBlQz9SuStpPTzgy1D8WB_qAuBldTZes13DzhWhr9FAehcc-rBGZ1hAV0gz6BqnMUl1z-VsxBTb0pytz3vwxz840m6aFZvKkwsL/s72-c/einstein.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-5636353886207740735</id><published>2011-08-15T18:35:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2021-03-22T17:48:46.233-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sociedade igualitária…cada vez mais distante!</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #747474; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrXTP6neg7uOhcAUbEuIOv9qYlv6HDZKqqffCcH5QS_JmOyw6HLKqVcv0RTda4SYJEUjcGYJbOhjTBUBanMK-wvu8-CmovMqPJQfc-jzuIh4kQLn0Dr4n6G66wWFp2UG7GgrLT07A64Ax/s1600/mans%25C3%25A3oxfavela.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;234&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrXTP6neg7uOhcAUbEuIOv9qYlv6HDZKqqffCcH5QS_JmOyw6HLKqVcv0RTda4SYJEUjcGYJbOhjTBUBanMK-wvu8-CmovMqPJQfc-jzuIh4kQLn0Dr4n6G66wWFp2UG7GgrLT07A64Ax/s640/mans%25C3%25A3oxfavela.jpg&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;Favela VS&amp;nbsp;Condomínio&amp;nbsp;Residencial de Luxo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;De acordo com a antropóloga Edna Gobetti Vieira Coelho, a população brasileira está se isolando a cada dia, os movimentos sociais estão perdendo a força reivindicatória de outrora e o sistema capitalista dá sinais de que o caos está prestes a explodir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;O cenário social do Brasil é contrastante por parte da divisão da sociedade entre pobres e ricos. O fato é que essa divisão sempre existiu, mas com o passar do tempo ela vem transformando o cenário social do País. O fato do País ter sido colônia de Portugal, a falta de investimento na educação e o capitalismo selvagem fazem com que a sociedade não se una através de movimentos sociais reivindicatórios.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;“As desigualdades sociais sempre existiram só que elas nunca estiveram tão gritantes quanto agora, &amp;nbsp;início do século XXI”, explica a antropóloga e professora Edna Gobetti Vieira Coelho. Para ela essa desigualdade é maior nos países emergente, como é o caso do Brasil.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A causa dessa divisão social tem explicação no sistema que foi implantado e que continua sendo adotado no Brasil. A antropóloga destaca o papel do colonialismo como fator que contribuiu para a não cultura crítica. “Não temos uma educação crítica reflexiva”, conta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;O que não aconteceu com os povos mais desenvolvidos, que segundo Edna, tem conhecimento da realidade e para onde estão caminhando. “Eles têm conhecimento de causa, dos fatos porque não são colônia”, conta. Segundo Edna, em países desenvolvidos o que se vê é o homem como agente da história, pessoas que participam dos acontecimentos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A resposta para a falta de senso crítico e reivindicatório da população brasileira também está inserida na maneira como a educação é tratada no País. A antropóloga critica o atual função sistema de ensino que não tratam a educação como deveria. “Tem gente que acredita que Cabral descobriu o Brasil e bandeirante é herói, está nos livros didáticos. Não temos uma educação crítica reflexiva”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Para ela, a escola dentro de uma comunidade tem uma abrangência muito grande porém não consegue causar mobilização entre os moradores. “A escola deveria discutir quais são os problemas, como podemos resolver e tentar aglutinar para que esse isolamento não leve ao caos”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Outro fator que dificulta a integração social tem a ver com o progresso tecnológico que não foi acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento cultural. “O desenvolvimento do homem como um ser de cultura ficou a desejar. Faltou educação entre tantos outros fatores nesse sentido”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Este progresso tecnológico facilitou a vida do ser-humano de diversas maneiras e também trouxe comodidade. “Com a tecnologia, o homem se isolou do convívio social. Ele interage de forma virtual”, ressalta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;De acordo com a antropóloga, por todos esses fatores ficou cada vez mais difícil haver mobilizações e movimentos sociais reivindicatórios de igualdade. “O sistema criou essa situação de comportamento que dificulta isso. Muito embora a gente não queira perder a esperança”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Os políticos também são responsáveis pelo distanciamento das camadas sociais e a dificuldade pela qual a sociedade brasileira passa. “Acho muito difícil essas transformações acontecerem, a não ser que as nossas autoridades políticas acordem para essa realidade de que o dragão que eles criaram vai acabar engolindo a eles”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Economia caótica&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Além da falta de cultura crítica o sistema capitalista no País está confuso e faz com que a sociedade não se mobilize, de acordo com Edna. O consumo também está confuso. “Para ter escoamento na produção o consumidor precisa pagar em 60 vezes”, explica a antropóloga.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Segundo Edna, quem ganha com esses sistema são os bancos que lucram muito. “Estava escrito que depois desse estágio, viria o caos e a história que vai provar”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Esse lucro exacerbado, conforme Edna, vai contra o espírito do capitalismo de Max Weber que defende o investimento do capital no social, o que comprava a falta de uma melhor estrutura educacional. “Se você tem, você é um predestinado por Deus, então você precisa investir no social”, destaca.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Violência&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;A partir desse ponto, o cidadão procura outras formas de reivindicação para sua própria sobrevivência. “Se não tem um sistema educacional que dê todo o aparato para isso, ela vai se organizando por si só sem condições alguma e acaba indo pelo que nós vemos hoje. Esse clima de barbárie”, ressalta Edna.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;De acordo com Edna, no campo das ciências sociais os bárbaros sempre existiram&amp;nbsp; mas não tanto como está existindo. “Existe uma explicação antropológica, sociológica e política para isso, mas ninguém entra nesse campo”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ainda segundo a antropóloga, o ser-humano é binário (tem o bem e o mal). “Se o lado do bem não der condições favoráveis para que essa comunidade se organize dentro da ordem, ela vai se organizar dentro da ordem dela”, explica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Mídia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Os veículos de informação também tem papel fundamental para que a sociedade consiga se unir em prol de um País mais igualitário. A antropóloga explica que a mídia não debate o problema, apenas informa o fato. “A mídia fala do sem terra, mas não fala do ruralista por exemplo. Ela não discute a questão da terra, não esclarece a opinião pública”. Para ela a mídia não discute os problemas sociais como deveria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;O caminho para que haja uma mobilização, conforme defende Edna, está na mão das autoridades políticas. “Eles precisam discutir os problemas e encontrar maneiras para que a sociedade sinta capaz de resolver seus próprios problemas. Se o homem não se sente agente da história, como mobiliza-lo?”, ressalta.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Edna ressalta que a política brasileira é fruto de um processo e por isso não pode ser alterada daqui há alguns anos. “Ninguém vai consertar esse país do dia para a noite”, conclui.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;A Divisão de classes, segundo os CAPITALISTAS, é esta:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;A - Classe Alta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;Aqueles com enorme influência, riqueza e prestígio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Ex: g&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;randes empresários&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;e investidores, indivíduos oriundos de famílias tradicionais).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;B - Classe Média-Alta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;essoas que apesar de viverem em alto padrão de vida, com conforto e grande autonomia financeira, ainda calculam seus gastos. ( Ex: diretores de empresas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;pequeno e médio empresário,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;&#39;Helvetica Neue&#39;, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;membros do poder judiciario, políticos de nível estadual e federal).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;C - Classe Média&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Indivíduos com salários médio-altos. (Ex: profissionais liberais com ensino superior, microempresário,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;funcionários&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 16px;&quot;&gt;públicos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;D - Classe Média-Baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Pessoas com salários razoáveis ou medianos,&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;s&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 19px;&quot;&gt;ão profissionais de qualificação intermediária, podendo ou não possuir educação superior&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt; (Ex: professores, profissionais autônomos, profissionais técnicos, funcionários chão de fábrica).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;E - Classe Baixa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Pessoas que recebem salários mais baixos, podendo ou não se trabalhadores braçais. (Ex: trabalhadores sem qualificação profissional, trabalhadores urbanos sem vínculo empregatício e sem receita certa, como, por exemplo, catador de material reciclável)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 12pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;A divisão de classes, segundo os ANARQUISTAS, é esta:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222; font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;1 - Classe trabalhadora:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Os que trabalham duro para viver, mas não tem nenhum controle real sobre isso, sobre seu trabalho ou outras decisões que lhe dizem respeito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Nesta classe também estão incluídos os desempregados, pensionistas, etc., que tem que sobreviver daquilo que é fornecido pelo Estado. Eles possuem pouca riqueza e pouco poder (oficial). Também fazem parte dela os trabalhadores do setor de serviços, a maioria deles (senão a vasta maioria) é chamada de trabalhadores do “colarinho branco”, enquanto que os trabalhadores da indústria são chamados de trabalhadores de “colarinho azul”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;2 - Classe dominante:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Os que controlam e decidem sobre investimentos, que comandam a política dos primeiros escalões e que determinam a aplicação do capital. Estes constituem o topo da elite, os proprietários ou os altos administradores das grandes companhias multinacionais e bancos, latifundiários, altos membros dos poderes da República, a aristocracia. Eles têm poder real sobre a economia e o Estado, portanto, controlam a sociedade. Essa elite consiste em cerca de 5 a 10% da população.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 13.5pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Cada regime político elabora as divisões das classes sociais conforme os seus conceitos doutrinários. Não existe certo ou errado, apenas pontos de vista que justifiquem as suas próprias ideologias.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 14.25pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.8pt; margin: 4.8pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classificação atual (média 2020):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 1.2pt 38.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classe A:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;renda mensal superior à 35&amp;nbsp;salários-mínimos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Arial, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 1.2pt 38.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classe B:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;acima de&amp;nbsp;15 até 35 salários-mínimos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classe C:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;acima de&amp;nbsp;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;até 15&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;salários-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;mínimos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classe D:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;acima de 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;à 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;salários-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;mínimos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: italic; line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;Classe E:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #222222; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;até&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;1 salário-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;mínimo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-style: italic; line-height: 18pt;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 1.2pt; margin-left: 38.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 1.2pt 38.4pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; face=&quot;Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #222222;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/5636353886207740735/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/08/sociedade-igualitariacada-vez-mais.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5636353886207740735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5636353886207740735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/08/sociedade-igualitariacada-vez-mais.html' title='Sociedade igualitária…cada vez mais distante!'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFrXTP6neg7uOhcAUbEuIOv9qYlv6HDZKqqffCcH5QS_JmOyw6HLKqVcv0RTda4SYJEUjcGYJbOhjTBUBanMK-wvu8-CmovMqPJQfc-jzuIh4kQLn0Dr4n6G66wWFp2UG7GgrLT07A64Ax/s72-c/mans%25C3%25A3oxfavela.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-9177139949202073426</id><published>2011-04-24T19:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2014-01-30T18:44:40.822-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Depois de formado.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Depois de formado, é preciso mais?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Fazer bem feito um curso superior nem sempre garante a entrada no mercado de trabalho. Por maior que seja a dedica&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o do aluno ou o prestígio da entidade, a gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o deixou de ser um diferencial, para se transformar no requisito básico.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Quem n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o sabe o sufoco que é passar no vestibular, garantindo uma vaga no curso ou na universidade dos seus sonhos?&lt;br /&gt;
Apesar do esfor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o para entrar e outro maior ainda para sair, é preciso mais. Hoje, o sucesso de uma carreira n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o se restringe à escolha de bons cursos ou universidades, mas na continuidade que os estudantes d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o aos seus estudos.&lt;br /&gt;
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Segundo as coordenadoras do Inbrape de Paraná - &lt;i&gt;Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa&lt;/i&gt; - Cíntia Oda e Gladys Fregoneze, ao receber o diploma de gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, o profissional depara com um novo desafio imposto pela din&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;â&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mica do mercado de trabalho: “Há tempos que o diploma de gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o deixou de ser um diferencial. As empresas est&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o mergulhadas em um ambiente altamente competitivo, elevando a demanda por profissionais qualificados e especializados. Além disso, com a escassez de empregos, o profissional precisa administrar sua carreira, indo além do curso que concluiu”, afirmam as coordenadoras.&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Muitas s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o as perguntas que surgem, quando o assunto é pós-gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o. Preciso fazer um curso na mesma área de gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o? Quais as profiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;õ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es que est&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o em alta? Qual a diferen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a de uma especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o e um MBA?&lt;br /&gt;
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Oda e Fregoneze lembram que as profiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;õ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es tradicionais, Direito, Engenharia, Medicina, Administra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, Odontologia, entre outras, sempre ter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o seu espa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o no mercado: “Com a velocidade com que as coisas evoluem, novas carreiras e oportunidades surgem. Há muito espa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o para áreas ligadas à informática, à biotecnologia, ao agronegócio. No entanto, qualquer que seja a profiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o escolhida, tradicional ou n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, o prosseguimento nos estudos é fundamental para o sucesso”, afirmam.&lt;br /&gt;
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Muitos profissionais têm atuado como gestores das organiza&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es, necessitando de competências que n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o foram ofertadas nos cursos de gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o. Hoje, conhecimentos sobre gerência, relacionamento interpessoal, ética e responsabilidade social s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o fundamentais para qualquer profissional. É cada vez maior o número de médicos, dentistas, economistas, advogados, veterinários, agr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ô&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;nomos, nutricionistas, entre outros, que buscam especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es em Administra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o ou em Psicologia. Ou seja, saem à procura de conhecimentos que permitam gerenciar a própria carreira e os relacionamentos profissionais.&lt;b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 19px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Mas, que é preciso saber na hora de escolher a pós-gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o? Veja algumas dicas básicas para n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o errar e para n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o jogar dinheiro fora.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Terminei a gradua&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o; que fa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;o?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Pergunte para si mesmo do que mais gostou na gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o e onde apostaria suas noites de sono para ir além do que aprendeu. Nunca é demais olhar para sua área e perceber onde o mercado está carente de profissionais mais qualificados.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Quais as op&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;es que tenho após formado?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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As op&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o muitas. O mais comum é escolher entre um curso MBA ou uma pós do tipo stricto sensu ou lato sensu.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;Que significa cada um?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Lato sensu significa &quot;em sentido largo, amplo&quot;; op&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;õ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;e-se a stricto sensu que significa &quot;em sentido restrito&quot;. Sua utilidade consiste em ampliar ou estreitar o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;â&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mbito de abrangência de determinado conceito. Na pós-gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, distinguem-se os cursos stricto sensu (mestrado e doutorado) dos cursos lato sensu (aperfei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;oamento, especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o ou qualquer outro curso complementar realizado após a gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o).&lt;br /&gt;
Já MBA é um termo em Inglês que significa Master of Bussiness Administrator ou Mestrado em Administra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o de Empresas.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;Que preciso saber para escolher um ou outro?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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O stricto sensu é indicado para aqueles que pretendem seguir carreira acadêmica, pois isso compreende o mestrado e o doutorado. Por isso, se você pretende dar aulas ou investir em pesquisa é o caminho certo. Já o lato sensu tem como objetivo aperfei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;oar os conhecimentos do profissional em uma área específica, mesmo que n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o haja interesse acadêmico. As empresas d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o preferências aos profissionais com especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, por serem mais qualificados para atuarem em segmentos específicos. O MBA, tanto o lato sensu como o full time (tempo integral), é para gestores de empresas. O ideal é que o profissional esteja atuando há pelo menos dois anos, antes de ingressar no curso.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;Financeiramente, qual compensa mais?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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O MBA é um curso caro. N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o faz sentido fazê-lo sem ter como foco o ambiente empresarial. Já os cursos lato sensu podem ser escolhidos de acordo com a área de interesse e s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o mais acessíveis. No entanto, antes de se matricular num curso lato sensu é preciso saber se o curso é reconhecido pelo MEC, verificar a qualidade do corpo docente, a idoneidade da institui&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o promotora e se o curso obedece às exigências do Conselho Nacional de Educa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o e da C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;â&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mara de Ensino Superior (CNE/CES) e se também cumprem todas as normas da Resolu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o 01/2001. Em termos de retorno financeiro, vai depen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;der do aluno e do mercado. Quanto aos MBA podem render sal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;rios at&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; 30% mais elevados para os gestores de empresa. Pode-se faz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;-lo no Brasil ou fora. O MBA com maior conceito no mercado mundial s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o os das Universidades de Harvard, Wharton, Kellogg, IMD (Su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a) e Insead (F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ç&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;a), Cambridge (Inglaterra) entre outros. Fora do pa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; obrigat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;rio no m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;nimo dois anos de experi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ncia profissional.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Qual a exig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ncia para os MBAs internacionais?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Uma etapa importante para MBAs internacionais, mesmo no Brasil, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; a prepara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o met&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;dica para os exames TOEFL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;®&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;(Test of English as a Foreign Language - profici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ncia na l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ngua inglesa) e GMAT (teste para admiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o em escolas de neg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;cios: avalia o racioc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;nio e a l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;gica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;É&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; muito importante para determinar a maturidade necess&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ria ao tipo de conhecimentos), requisitado p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;or quase todos eles. Como os programas s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o ministrados na maioria em Ingl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s, o candidato deve ter profici&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ncia plena no idioma para poder compreender a vasta literatura usada nos programas e as pr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;prias aulas ministradas na l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ngua estrangeira.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Quais s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s cursos de MBA oficialmente reconhecidos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Os cursos chamados de MBA n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o submetidos a avalia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o do MEC. Isso explica a prolifera&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o de MBA no Brasil. Mas o pr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;prio mercado faz a sele&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, e j&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; existem alguns rankings elaborados pela m&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;dia e divulgado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s na imprensa. Um dos &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ú&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ltimos rankings de MBA elaborados no Brasil foi o Guia do MBA 2005, da revista Voc&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; S.A.(Editora Abril) que lista os melhores programas brasileiros em uma avalia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ria e com crit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;rios parecidos aos dos rankings internacionais, co&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mo o da revista americana &quot;Business Week&quot;, o jornal &quot;USA Today&quot; e o jornal ingl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ê&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s &quot;Financial Times&quot;. De acordo com a revista, os top 10 do Brasil s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o: 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; FGV/SP, 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; USP-FIA/SP, 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; Dom Cabral/MG, 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; BSP/SP, 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; ITA-ESPM/SP, 6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; USP Rib. Preto-Fundace/SP, 7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; U&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;FRJ-Coppead/RJ, 8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; Faap/SP, 9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; Cedepe/PE, 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; UFBA-NPGA/BA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;Como saber se um curso de mestrado, doutorado ou especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;é&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; reconhecido pelo MEC?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A listagem com todos os cursos de P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s-Gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o Stricto Sensu (mestrado e doutorado) reconhecidos consta e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;m www.capes.gov.br. A sua pesquisa poder&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; ser realizada por &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;á&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;rea do conhecimento, por regi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o ou por conceito. Todas as informa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es sobre especializa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o (P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s-Gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o Lato Sensu) s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o de responsabilidade do Conselho Nacional de Educa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o www.mec.gov.br/cne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Todos os cursos no exterior s&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o reconhecidos no Brasil?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o. A Capes faz um alerta sobre a oferta de cursos de p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;ó&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;s-gradua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o sem qualidade ministrados por institui&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çõ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;es de ensino superior estrangeiras. A resolu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Myungjo Std M&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;º&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt; 1, de 2001, da C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;â&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;mara de Ensino Superi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;or do Conselho Nacional de Educa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;MS Mincho&#39;; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;çã&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;o, disciplina o reconhecimento de t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;í&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;tulos de mestrado e doutorado obtidos no exte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt;&quot;&gt;rior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Adobe Ming Std L&#39;, serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 800;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/9177139949202073426/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/04/depois-de-formado.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/9177139949202073426'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/9177139949202073426'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/04/depois-de-formado.html' title='Depois de formado.'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh86wtNxHfpTrgVTFIGw6IFC18C5UTV5OXeT4jH40F2bT1SGrxKYodduU0s8zObEwrUZpf7E8DG7MwKCPUnm0N9oQnYRPNmoF4qTUwMlxmS84h7jtxi3i8DZ9zWYkivAXRJdJEu3vYwLrm2/s72-c/estudante_universitario.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-824402076068303554.post-5067188359644573563</id><published>2011-03-27T15:38:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2012-02-20T17:55:20.658-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sustentabilidade - Amazônia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;&quot;&gt;Aquífero na Amazônia pode ser o maior do mundo, dizem geólogos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #929292; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Reserva Alter do Chão tem volume de 90 mil km³ de água potável.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #929292; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #929292; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;Quantidade permitiria abastecer população mundial por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #929292; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;300 anos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #929292; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Um grupo de pesquisadores da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) apresentou um estudo, que aponta o Aquífero Alter do Chão como o de maior volume de água potável do mundo. A reserva subterrânea está localizada sob os estados do Amazonas, Pará e Amapá e tem volume de 90 mil km³ de água doce, o que seria suficiente para abastecer a população mundial por cerca de 250 a 300 anos, ainda de acordo com a pesquisa. Um novo levantamento, de campo, deve ser feito na região para avaliar a possibilidade de o aquífero ser ainda maior do que o calculado inicialmente pelos geólogos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Em termos comparativos, a reserva Alter do Chão tem o dobro do volume de água potável que o Aquífero Guarani - com 45 mil km³ de volume -, até então considerado o maior do país e que passa pela Argentina, Paraguai e Uruguai. &quot;Os estudos que temos são preliminares, mas há indicativos suficientes para dizer que se trata do maior aquífero do mundo, já que está sob a maior bacia hidrográfica do mundo, que é a do Amazonas. O que nos resta agora é convencer toda a cadeia científica do que estamos falando&quot;, disse Milton Matta, geólogo da UFPA.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;O Aquífero Alter do Chão deve ter o nome mudado por ser homônimo de um dos principais pontos turísticos do Pará, o que costuma provocar enganos sobre a localização da reserva de água. &quot;Estamos propondo que passe a se chamar Aquífero Grande Amazônia e assim teria uma visibilidade comercial mais interessante&quot;, disse Matta, que coordenou a pesquisa e agora busca investimento para concluir a segunda etapa do estudo no Banco Mundial e outros patrocinadores científicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-c3s7hFaHOqlQuQITKp-3zKO1zTAZJUpvrKzzsqSO-Pq7hmDo7Fo3yMhK3R4VV1dLZcy1urkbzv7e8ufGYW5OswnbxnUARZIjekUr3x4aPCJ8xPMJMdRruQaRN-_fzfmhy3CvV2peSIGL/s1600/site_noticias_868444500.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-c3s7hFaHOqlQuQITKp-3zKO1zTAZJUpvrKzzsqSO-Pq7hmDo7Fo3yMhK3R4VV1dLZcy1urkbzv7e8ufGYW5OswnbxnUARZIjekUr3x4aPCJ8xPMJMdRruQaRN-_fzfmhy3CvV2peSIGL/s1600/site_noticias_868444500.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;De gota em gota&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;O geólogo informou que a segunda etapa de pesquisa será a visita aos poços já existentes na região do aquífero. &quot;Pretendemos avaliar o potencial de vazão. Dessa maneira teremos como mensurar a capacidade de abastecimento da reserva e calcular a melhor forma de exploração da água, de maneira que o meio ambiente não seja comprometido&quot;, disse&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Para Marco Antonio Oliveira, superintendente do Serviço Geológico do Brasil, em Manaus, a revelação de que o Aquífero Alter do Chão é o maior do mundo comprova que esse tipo de reserva segue a proporção de tamanho da Bacia Hidrográfica que fica acima dela. &quot;Cerca de 40% do abastecimento de água de Manaus é originário do Aquífero Alter do Chão. As demais cidades do Amazonas têm 100% do abastecimento tirado da reserva subterrânea. São Paulo, por exemplo, tem seu abastecimento em torno de 30% vindo do Aquífero Guarani.&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Oliveira disse que a reserva, na área que corresponde a Manaus, já está muito contaminada. &quot;É onde o aquífero aflora e também onde a coleta de esgoto é insuficiente. Ainda é alto o volume de emissão de esgoto &#39;in natura&#39; nos igarapés da região.&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7nS_mgZA8ZJHrLOk7qrnk48WowKx_Rdd0Q7RKlgN_KnUEpeZ_GYoTqqEGnAbp8gsDMGQJug2nXmR06qt15ArNuMecHn1uyMC3Rf9abBwfEVDmlgDNgdb7gmL_2GjsB9Mahtt6tpNyoq_I/s1600/cha.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7nS_mgZA8ZJHrLOk7qrnk48WowKx_Rdd0Q7RKlgN_KnUEpeZ_GYoTqqEGnAbp8gsDMGQJug2nXmR06qt15ArNuMecHn1uyMC3Rf9abBwfEVDmlgDNgdb7gmL_2GjsB9Mahtt6tpNyoq_I/s1600/cha.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Recuperação da reserva&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Oliveira faz um alerta para a exploração comercial da água no Aquífero Alter do Chão. &quot;A água dessa reserva é potável, o que demanda menos tratamento químico. Por outro lado, a médio e longo prazo, a exploração mais interessante é da água dos rios, pois a recuperação da reserva é mais rápida. A vazão do Rio Amazonas é de 200 mil m³/segundo. É muita água. Já nas reservas subterrâneas, a recarga é muito mais lenta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 17.4pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-size: 11.5pt; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;&quot;&gt;Ele destaca a qualidade da água que pode ser explorada no Alter do Chão. &quot;A região amazônica é menos habitada e por isso menos poluente. No Guarani, há um problema sério de flúor, metais pesados e inseticidas usados na agricultura. A formação rochosa é diferente e filtra menos a água da superfície. No Alter do Chão as rochas são mais arenosas, o que permite uma filtragem da recarga de água na reserva subterrânea&quot;, disse Oliveira.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/feeds/5067188359644573563/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/03/sustentabilidade-amazonia.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5067188359644573563'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/824402076068303554/posts/default/5067188359644573563'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://jotaalpha.blogspot.com/2011/03/sustentabilidade-amazonia.html' title='Sustentabilidade - Amazônia'/><author><name>Jotta</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11634067172751477233</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN4c3u96xGJVgIalF64lN9xqEs1tIqjPZIic_w1PK0yhz8xKgQUmrmXbIet4fov-cET5xYwseJbkFx2iKmIDJm_ieAkuWPfjG8SCJlLLM3YcYEO4tz-hp129ilUcXHEw/s220/images.png'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-c3s7hFaHOqlQuQITKp-3zKO1zTAZJUpvrKzzsqSO-Pq7hmDo7Fo3yMhK3R4VV1dLZcy1urkbzv7e8ufGYW5OswnbxnUARZIjekUr3x4aPCJ8xPMJMdRruQaRN-_fzfmhy3CvV2peSIGL/s72-c/site_noticias_868444500.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>