<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245</id><updated>2026-10-02T00:38:36.968-07:00</updated><category term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><category term="TV Berbayar"/><category term="Home Box Office (HBO)"/><category term="Nonton Filem gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="nonton movie atau filem gratis"/><category term="Animal Planet"/><category term="Chlamydia pneumoniae and Heart Desease"/><category term="DVB receiver terbaru"/><category term="Elektronik dan Satelit"/><category term="HEALTH CARE"/><category term="Internet 1 way (grabbing)"/><category term="Internet Downstream via satelit"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium channel ? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming HBO Channel?"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming HBO HD?"/><category term="Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category term="Sistem Reproduksi Pria"/><category term="TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet"/><category term="macam-macam jenis receiver"/><category term="organ intim pria"/><category term="premium cable and satellite television network"/><title type='text'>LIFE STYLE</title><subtitle type='html'>Semua tentang gaya hidup mulai dari kesehatan sampai elektronik ada disini</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>22</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-4172830894820726466</id><published>2013-08-08T01:45:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-08T01:54:41.332-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Home Box Office (HBO)"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Filem gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming HBO HD?"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="premium cable and satellite television network"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO) HD? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO) HD?
Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming HBO HD? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR3YeSYigggAPvLpRGBIidEpeQu1-WJjD7tf0NJZLQWc11i_3Ro&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming HBO HD? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;Cara nonton &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;HBO gratis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik
sampai ads selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;HBO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt; channel HD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Home Box Office&lt;/b&gt; (HBO) adalah kabel premium Amerika dan 
jaringan televisi satelit yang dimiliki oleh Time Warner, di bawah 
pemrograman operasi anak perusahaan Home Box Office Inc HBO terutama 
terdiri dari gambar gerak teatrikal dirilis dan serial televisi asli, 
bersama dengan dibuat-untuk Film-kabel dan dokumenter, pertandingan 
tinju dan sesekali stand-up komedi dan konser spesial.is an American &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Pay television&quot;&gt;premium&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Cable television&quot;&gt;cable&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Satellite television&quot;&gt;satellite television&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television network&quot;&gt;network&lt;/a&gt; that is owned by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Time Warner&quot;&gt;Time Warner&lt;/a&gt;, under the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Operating subsidiary&quot;&gt;operating subsidiary&lt;/a&gt; Home Box Office Inc. HBO&#39;s programming consists primarily of theatrically released &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Feature film&quot;&gt;motion pictures&lt;/a&gt; and original &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television series&quot;&gt;television series&lt;/a&gt;, along with &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television movie&quot;&gt;made-for-cable movies&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Documentary&quot;&gt;documentaries&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Boxing&quot;&gt;boxing matches&lt;/a&gt; and occasional &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Stand-up comedy&quot;&gt;stand-up comedy&lt;/a&gt; and concert &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television special&quot;&gt;specials&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda
dalam menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS
DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;silahkan anda menonton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/36674&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/4172830894820726466/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-home-box-office.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4172830894820726466'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4172830894820726466'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-home-box-office.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO) HD? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-6899748816900058815</id><published>2013-08-05T03:09:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T03:09:17.474-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="nonton movie atau filem gratis"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Nonton Live streaming AXN?
Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
cara nonton&amp;nbsp; AXN Channel gratis&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik sampai ads selesai terus
tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;AXN&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; channel &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/3/3e/AXN-logo.svg/200px-AXN-logo.svg.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/3/3e/AXN-logo.svg/200px-AXN-logo.svg.png&quot; height=&quot;48&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;AXN&lt;/b&gt; adalah saluran yang diswastanisasi oleh &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Sony Pictures Entertainment&quot;&gt;Sony Pictures Entertainment&lt;/a&gt;, yang didirikan pada &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;21 September&quot;&gt;21 September&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;1997&quot;&gt;1997&lt;/a&gt;. Tersedia di &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Brunei&quot;&gt;Brunei&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Hong Kong&quot;&gt;Hong Kong&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Indonesia&quot;&gt;Indonesia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Macau&quot;&gt;Macau&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Malaysia&quot;&gt;Malaysia&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Palau&quot;&gt;Palau&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Papua Nugini&quot;&gt;Papua Nugini&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Filipina&quot;&gt;Filipina&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Singapura&quot;&gt;Singapura&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Sri Lanka&quot;&gt;Sri Lanka&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Thailand&quot;&gt;Thailand&lt;/a&gt;, dan &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Vietnam&quot;&gt;Vietnam&lt;/a&gt; .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda dalam menonton silahkan di
full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT
silahkan update browser anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
silahkan anda menonton&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/40853&amp;width=480&amp;height=360&amp;autoplay=true&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/6899748816900058815/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-axn-tv-berbayar.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6899748816900058815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6899748816900058815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-axn-tv-berbayar.html' title='Nonton Live streaming AXN? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-8102068815878313977</id><published>2013-08-05T03:01:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T03:04:03.505-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="nonton movie atau filem gratis"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Nonton Live streaming Star Movies?
Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
cara nonton&amp;nbsp; Star Movies Channel gratis&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik sampai ads selesai terus
tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Star Movies&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; channel &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/d/d0/STAR_Movies_third_logo.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/d/d0/STAR_Movies_third_logo.jpg&quot; height=&quot;106&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Star Movies&lt;/b&gt; adalah saluran film yang dikelola oleh &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;STAR TV&quot;&gt;STAR TV&lt;/a&gt;. Saluran ini satu grup dengan &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Star World&quot;&gt;Star World&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;ANTV&quot;&gt;ANTV&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Star Sports&quot;&gt;Star Sports&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;ESPN&quot;&gt;ESPN&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Channel V&quot;&gt;Channel V&lt;/a&gt;, dan &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;National Geographic Channel&quot;&gt;National Geographic Channel&lt;/a&gt;. Sebuah saluran yang menayangkan film dari &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;The Walt Disney Company&quot;&gt;Disney&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;20th Century Fox&quot;&gt;20th Century Fox&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Sony Pictures&quot;&gt;Sony Pictures&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Miramax Films (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;Miramax Films&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;MGM&quot;&gt;MGM&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Universal Pictures&quot;&gt;Universal Pictures&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Canal Plus&quot;&gt;Canal Plus&lt;/a&gt;, dan distributor film lainnya.&lt;br /&gt;
Star Movies sekarang telah diubah menjadi &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Fox Movies Premium&quot;&gt;Fox Movies Premium&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Fox Movies Premium HD (halaman belum tersedia)&quot;&gt;Fox Movies Premium HD&lt;/a&gt; sejak 1 Januari 2012, kecuali India, Cina, Vietnam, Timur Tengah, Taiwan, dan Filipina.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda dalam menonton silahkan di
full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT
silahkan update browser anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
silahkan anda menonton&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/46497&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/8102068815878313977/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-star-movies-tv.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8102068815878313977'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8102068815878313977'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-star-movies-tv.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Star Movies? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-2198176529546012624</id><published>2013-08-05T02:49:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T02:53:07.483-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Animal Planet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet?
Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;cara nonton&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt; Animal Planet Channel gratis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik sampai ads
selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/4e/Animal_Planet_US_logo.svg/200px-Animal_Planet_US_logo.svg.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;107&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/4/4e/Animal_Planet_US_logo.svg/200px-Animal_Planet_US_logo.svg.png&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;Animal
Planet&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; channel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Heading4Char&quot;&gt;Animal Planet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-ansi-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;adalah&lt;/b&gt; jaringan televisi kabel dan
satelit yang 80% kepemilikannya oleh Discovery Communications, Inc. (perusahaan
yang juga memiliki Discovery Channel, TLC, Discovery Health Channel, dan Travel
Channel) dan 20% oleh BBC Worldwide. Saluran ini khusus untuk menayangkan
program-program tentang hubungan antara manusia dan hewan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda dalam
menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS
DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h5&gt;
silahkan anda menonton&lt;/h5&gt;
&lt;h6&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;TV Berlanganan
gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/42027&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/2198176529546012624/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-animal-planet-tv.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/2198176529546012624'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/2198176529546012624'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-animal-planet-tv.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Animal Planet? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-8038059444896976422</id><published>2013-08-02T11:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T02:18:28.616-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium channel ? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet </title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Nonton Live streaming Fox
Movies Premium Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet &quot; src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64,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&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet &quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;cara nonton Fox Movie
Premium Channel gratis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik
sampai ads selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Fox Movies Premium&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt; channel&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda
dalam menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS
DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;silahkan anda menonton&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/38449&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
&lt;script type=&quot;text/javascript&quot; src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/43406&amp;width=480&amp;height=360&amp;autoplay=true&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/8038059444896976422/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-fox-movies.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8038059444896976422'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8038059444896976422'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-fox-movies.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Fox Movies Premium Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet '/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-3541149536076147528</id><published>2013-08-02T11:38:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-08T01:49:15.864-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Home Box Office (HBO)"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Filem gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming HBO Channel?"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO)? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt;&quot;&gt;Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO) Server 1?
Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming HBO? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR3YeSYigggAPvLpRGBIidEpeQu1-WJjD7tf0NJZLQWc11i_3Ro&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming HBO? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;cara nonton &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;HBO gratis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik
sampai ads selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;HBO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt; Server 1&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Home Box Office (HBO) &lt;/b&gt;adalah kabel premium Amerika dan 
jaringan televisi satelit yang dimiliki oleh Time Warner, di bawah 
pemrograman operasi anak perusahaan Home Box Office Inc HBO terutama 
terdiri dari gambar gerak teatrikal dirilis dan serial televisi asli, 
bersama dengan dibuat-untuk Film-kabel dan dokumenter, pertandingan 
tinju dan sesekali stand-up komedi dan konser spesial.is an American &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Pay television&quot;&gt;premium&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Cable television&quot;&gt;cable&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Satellite television&quot;&gt;satellite television&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television network&quot;&gt;network&lt;/a&gt; that is owned by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Time Warner&quot;&gt;Time Warner&lt;/a&gt;, under the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Operating subsidiary&quot;&gt;operating subsidiary&lt;/a&gt; Home Box Office Inc. HBO&#39;s programming consists primarily of theatrically released &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Feature film&quot;&gt;motion pictures&lt;/a&gt; and original &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television series&quot;&gt;television series&lt;/a&gt;, along with &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television movie&quot;&gt;made-for-cable movies&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Documentary&quot;&gt;documentaries&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Boxing&quot;&gt;boxing matches&lt;/a&gt; and occasional &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Stand-up comedy&quot;&gt;stand-up comedy&lt;/a&gt; and concert &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; title=&quot;Television special&quot;&gt;specials&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda
dalam menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS
DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;silahkan anda menonton&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/42834&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/3541149536076147528/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-hbo-tv-berbayar.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3541149536076147528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3541149536076147528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-hbo-tv-berbayar.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Home Box Office (HBO)? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-6951944008452742520</id><published>2013-08-02T11:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T01:42:11.232-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif; font-size: 24pt; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Nonton Live streaming
Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQbVZpwfg3GbaV-zuczm06mP4hKLU-Ez3CWmWfUyCngwnZsxWMptA&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQbVZpwfg3GbaV-zuczm06mP4hKLU-Ez3CWmWfUyCngwnZsxWMptA&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;cara nonton discovery channel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;tunggu beberapa detik
sampai ads selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;discovery channel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;untuk menyamankan anda
dalam menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS
DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;silahkan anda menonton&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/42226&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/6951944008452742520/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-discovery-channel.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6951944008452742520'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6951944008452742520'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-discovery-channel.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Discovery Channel? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-681252204561477067</id><published>2013-08-02T10:44:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-02T11:45:05.974-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="TV Berbayar"/><title type='text'>Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; src=&quot;data:image/jpeg;base64,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&quot; title=&quot;Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet&quot; /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
cara nonton disney junior&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
tunggu beberapa detik sampai ads selesai terus tunngu setelah gambar blank akan muncul streamingnya&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;disney junior channel&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
untuk menyamankan anda dalam menonton silahkan di full screen jika terjadi VIDEO NOT FOUND ATAU ACCESS DENIAD TIDAK TERLIHAT silahkan update browser anda.&lt;br /&gt;
silahkan anda menonton&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;
TV Berlanganan gratis lewat internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;script src=&quot;http://www.ilive.to/embed/40859&amp;amp;width=480&amp;amp;height=360&amp;amp;autoplay=true&quot; type=&quot;text/javascript&quot;&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/681252204561477067/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-disney-junior-tv.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/681252204561477067'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/681252204561477067'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2013/08/nonton-live-streaming-disney-junior-tv.html' title='Nonton Live streaming Disney Junior? Tv berbayar gratis lewat internet'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-817796964698189405</id><published>2011-01-06T00:34:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2013-08-10T19:42:49.008-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><title type='text'>Internet gratis via satelit</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Internet gratis via satelit &lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2guCtc62i08OjPFBmPi3YYLl7FNplCBEOb6y1AkmlxTpNZ0A3aQZaytgJ7PLAiYDXXzw2xlU-u_rwhZdIkKwuGlVW-tp6mMqnT9VSHAx5vRUGxocT-VgIB7R8-LGJoh7NvkiHha4zzzE/s1600/dvb2.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Internet gratis via satelit&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2guCtc62i08OjPFBmPi3YYLl7FNplCBEOb6y1AkmlxTpNZ0A3aQZaytgJ7PLAiYDXXzw2xlU-u_rwhZdIkKwuGlVW-tp6mMqnT9VSHAx5vRUGxocT-VgIB7R8-LGJoh7NvkiHha4zzzE/s320/dvb2.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Internet gratis via satelit&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Ingin  mendapatkan akses internet gratis yang cepat? lewat satelit jawabannya,  nah dalam hal ini akan saya bahas internet gratis menggunakan DVB Card.  DVB Card adalah penerima siaran TV satelit untuk komputer. Kualitas  gambarnya setara dengan gambar DVD, bahkan lebih baik jika dibandingkan  dengan ditonton melalui televisi. Card ini dapat untuk merekam siaran TV  satelit dengan hasil gambar kualitas digital. Card ini juga dapat  digunakan untuk akses internet via satelit baik yang bayar maupun yang  gratis. Pada saat membeli alat ini, biasanya disertai juga dengan GRATIS  CD program-program pendukung dan Cara Grabing File Internet melalui  Alat Ini (Internet 1 way Tanpa Bayar). Sangat mengasyikan memang karena  banyak file-file menarik yang bisa kita dapatkan seperti : html, pdf,  doc, txt, jpg, gif, jpeg, avi, mpeg, mp3, midi, dan masih banyak lagi  termasuk VIRUS komputer. Hanya dalam beberapa menit saja, kita sudah  bisa mendapatkan ber-mega-mega byte file-file yang beragam, dan yang  paling penting adalah semuanya gratis dan tanpa perlu akses ke internet  lagi, tanpa line telepon, maupun biaya-biaya lainnya (bisa di filter  file apa saja yang boleh masuk ke PC anda, termasuk memfilter  gambar-gambar XXX/Dewasa).&lt;br /&gt;
DVB card merupakan perangkat yang relatif  baru untuk kita di Indonesia, Umumnya DVB vard dikenal sebagai Penerima  Satelit Digital, tetapi karena menggunakan Komputer, maka perangkat ini  dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai perangkat Internet via Satelit. Karena  menggunakan Satelit maka kecepatan downstream data yang diperoleh juga  amat baik, Pada saat ini internet via Satelit lebih banyak digunakan  untuk Bisnis dan Corporate (perusahaan) karena relatif lebih murah jika  menggunakan sarana konvensional (line telpon), selain itu akan diperoleh  Bandwidth yang lebih baik. Ada beberapa cara yang digunakan :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1 way tanpa registrasi alias gratis&lt;br /&gt;
Karena  gratis tentunya kita tidak bisa memilih. Dengan 1 way tanpa registrasi,  kita hanya dapat menampung semua data tanpa bisa memilih ( browsing ).  Seolah olah kita menampung air hujan atau biasa disebut Grabbing  dikarenakan sebenarnya kita bukan mendownload tapi ikut mengambil data  yang sedang diambil oleh orang lain, jadi kita numpang IP mereka.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1 way dengan registrasi&lt;br /&gt;
Setiap  DVB card memiliki yang dinamakan MAC Address, jika pengguna DVB Card  ingin melakukan koneksi internet, maka dia harus mendaftarkan MAC  address pada card tersebut, bila card tersevut hilang atau rusak, dia  harus melaporkan pula pada penyelenggara / provider. Agar pemakai / user  ingin browsing dia dapat mengkombinasi dengan line telpon atau GSM.  Cara ini saat ini adalah cara yang termurah dan efisien ( banyak  corporate user / warnet menggunakan hal ini ) Perangkat yang digunakan  sama seperti perangkat parabola konvensional ( yang ada di rumah ).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2 way dengan registrasi&lt;br /&gt;
Sama  seperti 1 way, tetapi 2 way memerlukan perangkat yang lebih khusus dan  untuk saat ini relatif amat mahal, sehingga hanya perusahaan / instansi  tertentu saja yang menggunakan cara ini, karena untuk up stream ataupun  down stream tanpa melalui line telpon ( murni dengan satelit ), karena  menggunakan VSAT.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hardware yang diperlukan :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Komputer.&lt;br /&gt;
Direkomendasikan  untuk menggunakan Pentium IV (setara) dengan OS Win XP serta memori  yang tinggi (sekitar 512) dan harddisk yang lumayan besar mungkin  sekitar 80G. Jangan lupa sisain 1 slot PCI untuk nancapin DVB Cardnya.  Kenapa harus Pentium IV, karena kebutuhan Minimum untuk Hardware  Computer : Clock speed adalah 700 MHz , Memory 128 MB, VGA 32 MB Hard  Disk 40 GB Processor Celeron pun sudah mampu. Dibawah spesifikasi diatas  mungkin bisa jalan tapi gambar akan terputus putus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2. DVB Card.&lt;br /&gt;
Untuk saat ini yang paling populer adalah merk SkyStar2. Dengan harga kurang lebih 800ribuan (per januari 2007).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3. Satu set parabola.&lt;br /&gt;
Ada  dua macam parabola, mesh dan solid. Bentuk parabola mesh adalah yang  piringannya (dish) bolong-bolong sedangkan yang solid, piringannyanya  (dish) utuh (tidak bolong-bolong). Untuk mesh biasanya penggunaannya  pada C-Band dan solid pada KU-Band. Untuk harga, yang mesh (ukuran  10feet) dengan LNBnya atau yang solid (6 feet) dengan LNBnya. Untuk di  Indonesia kurang populer channel dengan Ku-Band maka sebaiknya  menggunakan parabola model Mesh.&lt;br /&gt;
Bagaimana kalau menggunakan parabola  yang lama. Disini saya menangkap bahwa yang dimaksud dengan parabola  lama adalah parabola yang sudah lama nggak dipakai. Dahulu mungkin  sebelum banyaknya relay TV, kita lihat banyak yang memasang parabola.  Tapi setelah teknologi broadcasting beralih ke digital. Maka,  seakan-akan parabola mati. Mengapa? Karena semua televisi sudah merubah  transmisinya ke digital. Sedangkan kita masih menggunakan receiver  analog. Sebenarnya kita masih bisa menggunakan parabola tersebut asalkan  kita mengganti receivernya (analog) dengan receiver digital (plus kalo  bisa mengganti LNBnya dengan LNBF, agar dalam setting tidak mengalami  kesulitan). Mungkin karena kurangnya informasi dan masih mahalnya  receiver digital akhirnya banyak parabola yang nganggur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
4. Penggerak parabola (optional).&lt;br /&gt;
Dengan  adanya penggerak, parabola kita bisa bergerak ke arah barat-timur  melalui remote. Perlu diketahui bahwa barisan satelit untuk broadcasting  adalah menempati garis khatulistiwa. Jadi agar kita bisa menangkap  satelit lebih banyak, maka mau gak mau kita harus mempunyai penggerak  tersebut. Dengan penggerak tersebut, channel televisi yang bisa kita  terima sekitar 300an lebih. Tapi untuk data tidak semua satelit  memancarkan (bisa anda lihat di artikel sebelumnya). Dengan menggunakan  penggerak kita bisa menangkap kurang lebih 18 satelit (tergantung  lokasi). Ada yang bertanya, tanpa penggerak bisakah kita menangkap lebih  dari satu satelit ? Jawabannya, Bisa. Asalkan kita memasang lebih dari  satu LNB pada parabola kita. Jadi satu LNB mewakili satu satelit. Tapi  menurut saya, cara ini kurang “enak” bayangkan taruhlah maksimal kita  cuma bisa memasang 5 LNB dalam satu parabola, sedangkan harga&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5.  LNB untuk alat yang ada di ujung Parabola ada 2 macam C-Band &amp;amp;  KU-Band untuk di Jawa pakai C-Band. LNB sudah mendekati harga penggerak  (yang kemampuannya bisa menangkap lebih dari 5 satelit). Dan untuk  pemasangan 5 LNBF pada satu parabola memerlukan keahlian yang khusus.&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah hardware tinggal software nya untuk itu bisa kita gunakan program ProgDVB, PID Scanner + plugin File Grabbler.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dvb11&lt;br /&gt;
Tanya Jawab TV  Satellite Card&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Kami tertarik dengan TV Card VP1020 yang dapat  dipergunakan untuk internet  tanpa dibebankan pulsa. Apakah memang benar  dan bagaimana cara  menggunakannya dan apakah diperlukan perangkat  lainnnya agar dapat  menggunakan TV card tersebut untuk jaringan  internet.&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : DVB card merupakan perangkat yang relatif  baru untuk kita di Indonesia, Umumnya DVB vard dikenal sebagai Penerima  Satelit Digital, tetapi karena menggunakan Komputer, maka perangkat ini  dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai perangkat INTERNET Via Satelit. Karena  menggunakan Satelit maka kecepatan down stream Data yang diperoleh juga  amat baik, Pada saat ini internet via Satelit lebih banyak digunakan  untuk Bisnis dan Corporate ( perusahaan ) karena relatif lebih murah  jika menggunakan sarana konvensional ( line telpon ), selain itu akan  diperoleh Band Width yang lebih baik. Ada beberapa cara yang digunakan :&lt;br /&gt;
1 Way tanpa registrasi alias gratis, karena gratis tentunya kita  tidak bisa memilih. Dengan 1 way tanpa registrasi, kita hanya dapat  menampung semua data tanpa bisa memilih ( browsing ). Seolah olah kita  menampung air hujan.&lt;br /&gt;
1 way dengan registrasi, Setiap DVB card  memiliki yang dinamakan MAC Address, jika pengguna DVB Card ingin  melakukan koneksi internet, maka dia harus mendaftarkan MAC address pada  card tersebut, bila card tersevut hilang atau rusak, dia harus  melaporkan pula pada penyelenggara / provider. Agar pemakai / user ingin  browsing dia dapat mengkombinasi dengan line telpon atau GSM. Cara ini  saat ini adalah cara yang termurah dan efisien ( banyak corporate user /  warnet menggunakan hal ini ) Perangkat yang digunakan sama seperti  perangkat parabola konvensional ( yang ada di rumah ).&lt;br /&gt;
2 way dengan registrasi&lt;br /&gt;
Sama seperti 1 way, tetapi 2 way memerlukan perangkat yang lebih  khusus dan untuk saat ini relatif amat mahal, sehingga hanya perusahaan /  instansi tertentu saja yang menggunakan cara ini, karena untuk up  stream ataupun down stream tanpa melalui line telpon ( murni dengan  satelit ), karena menggunakan VSAT.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) :Cara menghubungkan internet satelit dgn tv card satelit gimana caranya, terutama yang 1 way tanpa registrasi?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Pakai Program ProgDVB, PID Scanner + File Grabbler&lt;br /&gt;
dan tidak  terlalu sulit, kalau tidak  dicoba dan tidak ada  barangnya ya susah…karena anda nggak ada bayangannya, kami ada forum  pemakai DVB Card disana kita bisa saling bertukar informasi.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Yang dimaksud dengan LNB itu apa?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : LNB untuk alat yang ada di ujung Parabola ada 2 macam C Band &amp;amp; KU Band untuk di Jawa pakai C Band&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Apakah alat terpisah lain?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Bila ingin menerima lebih dari 1 Satelit harus pakai :&lt;br /&gt;
Actuator dan Positioner&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Maaf saya masih awam. apakah ada panduan instalasinya?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) :Kalau untuk Card nya sudah pasti ada, kalau untuk Dish / Parabola sebaiknya mereka yang pasang Dish / Parabola.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Apa bedanya TV Satellite Card VP1020, Sky Star 2 PCI dan Sky Star 2 USB?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : VP 1020 dan Sky Star 2 PCI berupa PCI Card jadi  dimasukkan di dalam Computer.  VP1020 buatan Taiwan, Sky Star 2 buatan  Jerman. Sky Star 2 USB bisa dipasang diluar karena eksternal pakai  socket USB.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Siaran apa yang bisa saya dapatkan dari ini?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Siaran Seluruh Dunia ( tergantung arah antena / parabola  anda ). Bila parabola / dish anda bisa bergerak, maka siaran yang  didapat adalah siaran seluruh dunia : Indonesia, Australia, China, Hong  Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, India, Jepang, Arab dan Eropa.  Anda bisa lihat  di : www.satcodx.com atau www.lyngsat.com&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Pemasangan antenanya bagaimana dan apakah anda menjualnya juga? mungkin ongkos kirimnya ke Lampung besar ya?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Kalau Dish, saya sarankan beli di Lampung aja karena  beratnya 20 Kg, karena Dish khan umum sedang khan VP card khan nggak ada  disana.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Terus terang saya berminat akses internet 1 way tanpa regisrasi dengan tv  card satelit. Bisa gratis ya?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Ya…., tapi anda nggak bisa milih, sebentar lagi kita akan  ada internet 1 way + up stream dengan GSM atau Telpon rumah / Flexi  dengan biaya relatif murah.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Untuk produk dvb card sky  star pci, apabila digunakan di PC dibawah  pentium IV apakah tidak jalan  atau cuma lambat?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Kami  tidak mengatakan harus  Pentium IV. Tapi Kebutuhan Minimum untuk Hard ware Computer : Clock  speed adalah 700 MHz , Memory 128 MB, VGA 32 MB Hard Disk 40 GB  Processor Celeron pun sudah mampu. Dibawah spesifikasi diatas mungkin  bisa jalan tapi gambar akan terputus putus.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Apakah TV Satellite Card ini harus pakai parabola?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Harus ( mutlak ) karena bukan penerima TV ( tuner ) yang  ada di pasaran. DVB Card adalah penerima Satelit. Ada harga dari sebuah  nilai yang anda beli, sekali lagi saya tegaskan DVB card lebih dari  sekedar TV Tuner seperti yang ada dipasaran. Karena dengan alat ini anda  dapat menikmati siaran seluruh dunia, mulai dari : lokal ( Indonesia ),  China, Hongkong, Taiwan, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Arab, Jepang dan  Eropa. Selain itu bila user / pemakai kreative, alat ini bisa berfungsi  sebagai Satelit Internet ( Down Stream ) dan banyak hal lain yang saya  nggak mungkin sebut satu persatu ( nggak promosi lho ) ini kenyataan.  Card / alat ini masih baru di Indonesia. Sebagai perekam acara TV pun  alat ini jauh lebih baik, karena kwalitas rekamannya dalam format MPEG 2  setara bahkan lebih baik dari DVD. dari ke unggulan diatas, kami  menyadari bahwa alat ini punya keterbatasan, bahwa alat ini memerlukan  Komputer dengan Clock Speed minimum 700 MHz.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Bisa pasang didalam ruangan/tidak parabolanya? dan tidak di atas genteng.&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Parabola harus diluar, karena siaran Satelit ( tapi tidak  harus diatas genteng, yang penting terbuka di alam sehingga bisa  mengakses ke arah Satelit yang dituju ).&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Jenis parabola apa saja yg bisa? panjangnya?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Parabola nya sama seperti yang umum gunakan, nggak ada  beda, khusus di umatra, Kalimantan bisa pakai parabola ukuran kecil  seukuran Indovision untuk menikmati siaran ASTRO ( Malaysia secara  gratis ). Tapi untuk didaerah lain sebaiknya menggunakan Parabola / Dish  ukuran 6′ (sekitar 1,5 M ). Secara teknis. semakin besar ukuran /  dimensi Parabola maka semakin bagus sinyalnya, tetapi dengan ukuran 6′  sudah lebih dari cukup.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Sky star ada program utk memutar arah parabola tidak?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Ada, Sky Star memiliki program penunjang yang lebih  variatif ( umumnya para pemakai Sky Star 2 ) sangat satisfy / puas.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Saya belum mengerti dengan  1 way internet tanpa registrasi ?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) : Tanpa registrasi ( ilegal ) cuma bisa download data saja,  umumnya file gambar termasuk gambar nggak karuan alias xxx, file lagu  lagu serta film, ada juga file data yang baik untuk pendidikan, kita  nggak bisa pilih jadi langsung tinggal terima, dan masuk /disimpan ke  hard disk,&lt;br /&gt;
baru setelah di hard disk kita, kita  bisa menghapus / memilih file mana yang perlu.&lt;br /&gt;
* Tanya) : Nah uraian di atas ini cara kita menerima datanya gimana?  prosesnya? apa  kita buka browser dulu (misal IE), terus buka alamat :  http://www…… atau  bagaimana? Terus data yg masuk apa bisa kita stop  tanpa memutuskan koneksi  ke internet atau bagaimana?&lt;br /&gt;
* Jawab) :  Ada programnya namanya PRogDVB dan sejenisnya yang bisa untuk nonton  siaran Satelit dan siaran yang diacak serta untuk Down load Data. Dalam  paket pembelian sudah termasuk program tersebut : ( jadi bukan browsing  lho pak….!!).</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/817796964698189405/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-gratis-via-satelit.html#comment-form' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/817796964698189405'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/817796964698189405'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-gratis-via-satelit.html' title='Internet gratis via satelit'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2guCtc62i08OjPFBmPi3YYLl7FNplCBEOb6y1AkmlxTpNZ0A3aQZaytgJ7PLAiYDXXzw2xlU-u_rwhZdIkKwuGlVW-tp6mMqnT9VSHAx5vRUGxocT-VgIB7R8-LGJoh7NvkiHha4zzzE/s72-c/dvb2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-6401682850479575630</id><published>2011-01-06T00:34:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-08-05T01:41:19.929-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Internet 1 way (grabbing)"/><title type='text'>Internet 1 way (grabbing)</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Internet 1 way (grabbing) &lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-header&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
SEKILAS TENTANG GRABBING DATA&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlu0FvO82jpIgXQvhINwMvZ6b99hkWZonzilzFNvZAIhHcTFXOWCXnTWAxZRbXLCBxejrr9XwvWKmcKUulXv1hLXEoCrr2KVM_5tPE9db2pl7qhBHdLe2UV1hoXn24n7sE_MejP_Q5R8/s1600-h/internetsatelit.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Internet 1 way (grabbing) &quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlu0FvO82jpIgXQvhINwMvZ6b99hkWZonzilzFNvZAIhHcTFXOWCXnTWAxZRbXLCBxejrr9XwvWKmcKUulXv1hLXEoCrr2KVM_5tPE9db2pl7qhBHdLe2UV1hoXn24n7sE_MejP_Q5R8/s320/internetsatelit.jpg&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317670691633795922&quot; style=&quot;float: none; height: 276px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;&quot; title=&quot;Internet 1 way (grabbing) &quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Dengan  mempunyai sebuah PC DVB Card, baik yang PCI maupun USB, kita dapat  melakukan yang namanya Grabbing Data, atau ngedownload atau bahasa  Indonesianya Mencomot Data. Yang pasti ini bisa terjadi jika kita juga  menghadapkan parabola kita ke satelit yang memancarkan data serta yang  paling penting adalah adanya netter yang ngedownload (gak mungkin  kayaknya kalo tiap menit gak ada netter yang gak ngedownload, kecuali  jika jaringan internet error seperti kejadian kayak kemaren yang  disebabkan adanya gempa di Taiwan).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jadi, ketika para netter  ngedownload dari internet, maka data akan dikirim dalam bentuk paket  melaui DATA PIDs (identifkasi untuk data paket-untuk mengetahui DATA  PIDs bisa dibaca di artikel sebelumnya), selanjutnya kita tinggal  mencopot (meng-copy) data tersebut. Data yang bisa di-grab layaknya kita  ngedownload di internet antara lain html, dokumen, gambar, film, data  kompress, aplikasi (baik Linux/Windows), serial number, dan lain-lain.  Dan perlu diketahui bahwa cara ini adalah GRATIS atau dengan kata lain  kita tidak berurusan dengan provider Internet yang menyediakan service  internet via satelit. Cuma yang harus kita bayar adalah tagihan listrik  yang mungkin akan membengkak karena pasti kita akan lebih betah di depan  komputer untuk nunggu hasil download-an. Kalo pengalaman saya sih  komputer gak saya tungguin tapi saya tinggal tidur, terus paginya  tinggal cek hasil download-annya.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Karena ini bersifat 1 way,  yaitu kita cuma bisa ngedownload maka kita tidak bisa melakukan data  upload seperti browsing, chatting dan lain-lain, seperti layaknya  internet yang kita kenal. Kita cuma bisa ngedownload, itu juga kita  nggak bisa milih apa yang kita download, kita cuma bisa memilih  ekstension apa yang akan kita download. Karena html bisa didownload maka  kita juga bisa ngebaca apa page yang sedang dibuka apa netter, misal  page koran.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tentang filter. Agar semua hasil download para netter  tidak masuk ke komputer maka pada grabbing data dikenal adanya filter  (filter ini sangat diperlukan karena speed download yang sangat cepat  sehingga kalo tidak difilter pasti komputer akan ngoyoh untuk menerima  semua data, yang nantinya akan membuat komputer &quot;lemah&quot; dan akhirnya  HANG). Ada tiga filter yang saya ketahui :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) Filter by  ekstension, data yang kita terima difilter berdasarkan ekstension yang  kita pilih. Semakin banyak ekstension yang kita pilih semakin banyak  data yang kita terima tapi ini akan mengakibatkan resource komputer akan  kesedot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) Filter by Mac Address. 3) Filter by IP Address, jika  kita tidak menginginkan hasil download suatu IP Address, maka kita bisa  menggunakan filter ini untuk mencegahnya. Misal : Ekstension kita  filter untuk EXE, tapi ada suatu IP Address yang ngedownload EXE yang  selalu berisi virus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jadi kesimpulannya kita tetap bisa  ngedownload EXE tapi kita menolak hasil download dari IP Address  tersebut. Ini juga berlaku untuk Mac Address.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ini satelit yg bisa buat grabing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PalapaC2&lt;br /&gt;
Frekwensi 3840000,H,28000000,A&lt;br /&gt;
pid 511,512,513,514,515&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Telstar18&lt;br /&gt;
Frekwensi 3780000,V,20000000,A&lt;br /&gt;
pid 4137,4144,4145,4146,4149,4150</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/6401682850479575630/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-1-way-grabbing.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6401682850479575630'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6401682850479575630'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-1-way-grabbing.html' title='Internet 1 way (grabbing)'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlu0FvO82jpIgXQvhINwMvZ6b99hkWZonzilzFNvZAIhHcTFXOWCXnTWAxZRbXLCBxejrr9XwvWKmcKUulXv1hLXEoCrr2KVM_5tPE9db2pl7qhBHdLe2UV1hoXn24n7sE_MejP_Q5R8/s72-c/internetsatelit.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-6199365283838151478</id><published>2011-01-06T00:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-08-10T19:45:18.238-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Internet Downstream via satelit"/><title type='text'>Internet Downstream via satelit</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
 Internet Downstream via satelit  &lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;post-header&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Internet Downstream via satelit&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_QOLL2ya_3IZ2wbYCYuJl2vWu4vDg5fBb1xzaBHnw1i9wjT7S1RMsP4HIG3UEO7A-ztQelr1dxVoBLOFTS8Yw5hvN72xeFCK-ajZzkDjsaWauZII_vFAxwkKsvdXnhAEDp7FqMZqselI/s320/upstream.jpg&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5317674162340506866&quot; style=&quot;float: left; height: 243px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 320px;&quot; title=&quot;Internet Downstream via satelit&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Broadband  adalah salah satu jenis koneksi internet b&#39;kec tinggi (high speed  internet access) dg menggunakan akses satellite. Broadband dibagi mjd 2  jenis, yaitu DSL &amp;amp; ADSL:&lt;br /&gt;
1. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) adalah  tipe modem yang ditugaskan untuk Basic Rate ISDN yang merupakan  konfigurasi dari modem dan saluran. Pada performansi puncak, modem jenis  ini dapat mentransmisikan data dalam dua arah secara simultan (data  duplex).&lt;br /&gt;
note: Perangkat ini sama dg perangkat yg ada pada ISP (Internet Service Provider). Yang jelas mahal bgt!!! jd ngga usah dibahas!&lt;br /&gt;
2.  ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) merupakan salah satu jenis  Broadband yg paliong murah dan berkecepatan sangat tinggi. Untuk  melakukan pengiriman sinyal (upstream) bisa dg kec 512 kbps dan untuk  menerima respon (downstream) bisa mencapai 8 Mbps. Kali ini kita akan  membahas salah satu keluarga dr ADSL, yaitu “One Way Satellite”  (satellite satu arah). Koneksi jenis ini disebut Asymetric (tdk  seimbang) krn downstream yg dihasilkan jauh lbh bsr dibanding upstream  yg kita request. Pada prinsipnya kedua teknologi di atas sama, yg  membedakan hanyalah layanan yg diberikan serta perangkat keras yg  dipakai.&lt;br /&gt;
note: Perangkat dr topik yg akan kita bahas ini ngga jauh  berbeda dg perangkat pada rumah2 kalian yg menggunakan parabola biasa  buat liat siaran2 luar. Cuma dg modal 500rb buat parabolanya n’ 1jt buat  DVB-nya uda cukup!!! Dunia ditangan anda!&lt;br /&gt;
gambar 1.1&lt;br /&gt;
Ilustrasi Broadband One Way Satellite, menggunakan Dual Connection&lt;br /&gt;
Upstream &amp;amp; Downstream secara terpisah.&lt;br /&gt;
Upstream 56KBps (Dial-Up) &amp;amp; Downstream 2MBps (Satellite).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NB: Reciever yg digunakan pada lab ccard saat ini adalah reciever internal,&lt;br /&gt;
yaitu PCI DVB CARD VisionPlus.&lt;br /&gt;
Kali  ini kita akan bahas sistem kerja ADSL dan bagaimana cara menset-up-nya  (sy ngga akan ngajarin gimana cara untuk dapetin aksesnya scr gratis,  itu smua t’gantung dr kreasi kalian masing2). Untuk koneksi jenis ini  kita memerlukan system dan perangkat sbb:&lt;br /&gt;
Basic system requirement:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Pentium 120MHz IBM PC&lt;br /&gt;
* 32MB RAM&lt;br /&gt;
* 2MB VGA card&lt;br /&gt;
* Windows 95/98SE, NT ataw 2000, Linux&lt;br /&gt;
* PCI slot, sound card n’ speakers&lt;br /&gt;
* 30MB Hard Disk Space&lt;br /&gt;
* DVB receiver card ataw USB box&lt;br /&gt;
* Koneksi Internet ke ISP (Dial-up/ISDN/Dedicated Line/de el el.)&lt;br /&gt;
* 28.8 kbps modem&lt;br /&gt;
* PPTP account (Ntar kita dapetin dari penyedia jasa Broadband)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sedangkan Hardware requirement-nya adlh:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Satellite Dish (Diameter minimum 1.8 M, tergantung lokasi)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(kalo yg solid cukup pake yg 6 feet, tp&lt;br /&gt;
kalo non-solid pake min 9 feet)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* LNB (Digital Loop C-Band LNB)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(LNB jenis c-band ini adlh LNB yg paling byk dipake&lt;br /&gt;
di rumah2 buat liat siaran tipi luar negri)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Kabel Coaxial (RG 11 ataw RG 6)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Konektor type F&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* PCI DVB Card&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(DVB card yg paling bagus merk KiSS, tp gw cm&lt;br /&gt;
pake VisionPlus yg rada murah)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Instalasi:&lt;br /&gt;
Cara  yg paling gampang (anak SD aja bisa) adlh manggil tukang parabola  (biasanya bayar sktr 100rb s/d 150rb t’gantung negonya)trus kita suruh  dia ngeset arah dish kita ke satellite Asiasat-4 (122.0 drajat timur,  frekwensi 4120, polarisasinya horizontal, bitratenya 27.500, vitebri  rate 3/4 ) untuk lebih jelas mengenai Asiasat-4 bisa di klik di:  http://www.lyngsat.com/asia4.html trus kalo misalnya mo nyoba  mengkalkulasi posisi yg lbh akurat jg bisa dicoba klik disini:  http://www.asiasat.com/eng/05_technical/calculation.html&lt;br /&gt;
USING ONE WAY SATELLITE!&lt;br /&gt;
Pertama-tama  tentunya perangkat kita uda siap dan terpasang secara sempurna. And  then, kita harus tau dulu satellite mana yg akan kita gunakan, dan kita  juga harus pastikan dulu bahwa satellite yg akan kita gunakan ini juga  menyediakan fasilitas data transfer. Gimana caranya nentuin satellite  mana yg mo kita gunakan dan gimana pula caranya agar kita tau bahwa  satellite tsb memiliki fasilitas data transfer?&lt;br /&gt;
Gini Caranya.. :&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Download dulu software SatcoDX yg terbaru!  http://www.satcodx.info/Setup.exe ß dulu sih disini tp kynya skrng dah  pindah, kalian pade cari sendiri aja deh di google!&lt;br /&gt;
2. Install,  trus kalo diminta masukin password aktivasi masukin:  “837E183A8F792DB5DB6987DE74B8CA5B” Jalankan, trus klik Database Update  n’ update dulu smua data2 satellite yg t’baru, lalu tentukan lokasimu di  sebelah kiri atas (cari icon dg gambar petir kuning).&lt;br /&gt;
3. Setelah  lokasi ditentukan nanti si SatcoDX akan menampilkan listing satellite2  mana aja yg dapat kamu akses dr posisimu itu.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Dari listing yg ditampilkan si SatcoDX, kamu akan tau bbrp hal:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
a. Nama satellite&lt;br /&gt;
Dg mengetahui nama satellite kita dpt melihat deskripsi dari satellite tsb.&lt;br /&gt;
b. Siaran TV dari tiap2 satellite&lt;br /&gt;
Termasuk  di dlmnya adalah keterangan apakah channel tsb FreeTV (non comercial yg  tdk diacak) ataukah PayTV (diacak), serta jenis encryption dari tiap2  channel PayTV.&lt;br /&gt;
c. Posisi satellite&lt;br /&gt;
Penting diketahui u/ mengeset arah parabola&lt;br /&gt;
d. Frekwensi satellite&lt;br /&gt;
Digunakan u/ menentukan jenis LNB yg akan kita gunakan.&lt;br /&gt;
e. Jenis transmisi&lt;br /&gt;
Digunakan u/ mengetahui satellite mana aja yg menyediakan transmisi data (data transfer u/ internet)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
STEP BY STEP MENCARI SATELLIITE TARGET MENGGUNAKAN SatcoDX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Pada tampilan awal, di sebelah kiri atas klik angka 4 yg tertera  pada Map. Nomor 4 adalah zona Indonesia yg merepresentasikan listing  satellite yg bisa dijangkau di Indonesia.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Setelah itu kita  pilih Asiasat 4 pada daftar satellite untuk melihat posisinya. Di  Satellite Asiasat 4 ini kita akan mencoba mencari sinyal transmisi dari  “Speedcast” (speedcast adalah sebuah brand dari broadband satellite ADSL  milik isatAsia.com yg akan kita searching)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
gambar 2.1&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar Software SatcoDX.&lt;br /&gt;
Cara menentukan lokasi akses dan menampilkan&lt;br /&gt;
Seluruh satellite yg berada dlm jangkauan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Stlh itu klik tombol “Show Selected Satellite” di sblh kanan.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Dlm sekejap maka akan tampil listing satellite pada Zona 4 seperti tampak pada gambar dibawah ini.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
gambar 2.2&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar Software SatcoDX.&lt;br /&gt;
Cara menentukan lokasi akses dan menampilkan&lt;br /&gt;
Seluruh satellite yg berada dlm jangkauan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1. Pada gambar diatas tampak daftar sinyal dari Satellite Asiasat 4.  Warna kuning merepresentasikan sinyal berupa data visual (Siaran  Televisi broadcast), warna hijau adalah sinyal berupa Data yg kali ini  akan kita gunakan sebagai transmisi broadband ADSL.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MENGENAL ISTILAH-ISTILAH DLM TABEL CHART SatcoDX&lt;br /&gt;
- Position Code and Satellite: Kode satellite dan posisi orbitnya&lt;br /&gt;
- Type: Macam-macam tipe transmisi:&lt;br /&gt;
NON-PACKAGE&lt;br /&gt;
a. TV-DIG – sinyal televisi digital&lt;br /&gt;
b. TV-DIG-CRYPT - sinyal televisi digital TER-ENKRIPSI &lt;-- -=&quot;&quot; a.=&quot;&quot; akan=&quot;&quot; analog=&quot;&quot; b.=&quot;&quot; bab=&quot;&quot; bahas=&quot;&quot; brikutnya=&quot;&quot; broadband=&quot;&quot; buat=&quot;&quot; c.=&quot;&quot; ch=&quot;&quot; channel=&quot;&quot; d.=&quot;&quot; data=&quot;&quot; definition=&quot;&quot; di=&quot;&quot; diberikan=&quot;&quot; digital=&quot;&quot; dipake=&quot;&quot; downlink=&quot;&quot; e.=&quot;&quot; encrypted=&quot;&quot; f.=&quot;&quot; frekwensi=&quot;&quot; frequency:=&quot;&quot; h=&quot;&quot; high=&quot;&quot; ini=&quot;&quot; jg=&quot;&quot; kita=&quot;&quot; no:=&quot;&quot; nomer=&quot;&quot; ntar=&quot;&quot; oleh=&quot;&quot; operator=&quot;&quot; package=&quot;&quot; pol:=&quot;&quot; polarisasi=&quot;&quot; r-ana-crypt=&quot;&quot; r-ana=&quot;&quot; r-dig-crypt=&quot;&quot; r-dig=&quot;&quot; radio=&quot;&quot; satellite=&quot;&quot; signal=&quot;&quot; sinyal=&quot;&quot; televisi=&quot;&quot; television=&quot;&quot; ter-enkripsi=&quot;&quot; tipe=&quot;&quot; tv-ana-crypt=&quot;&quot; tv-ana=&quot;&quot; tv-hd-crypt=&quot;&quot; tv-hd=&quot;&quot; yg=&quot;&quot;&gt; horizontal&lt;br /&gt;V - vertical&lt;br /&gt;L - left circular&lt;br /&gt;R - right circular&lt;br /&gt;- Channel Name: Nama Channel&lt;br /&gt;- Coverage: Untuk melihat apakah sinyal dari satellite yg ingin kita terima transmisinya dpt menjangkau daerah kita.&lt;br /&gt;- Mode: Mode transmisi&lt;br /&gt;- Crypt: Jenis Enkripsi &lt;-- akan=&quot;&quot; br=&quot;&quot; diperhatikan=&quot;&quot; enkripsinya=&quot;&quot; informasi=&quot;&quot; ini=&quot;&quot; kita=&quot;&quot; krn=&quot;&quot; membuka=&quot;&quot; perlu=&quot;&quot; perlukan=&quot;&quot; untuk=&quot;&quot;&gt;- Audio/TT: Audio Subcarrier Frequency (hanya u/ transmisi analog)&lt;br /&gt;- SR: Symbol Rate, dalam mega-symbols per detik&lt;br /&gt;- FEC: Forward Error Correction&lt;br /&gt;- V-Pid: Video Program Identification&lt;br /&gt;- A-Pid: Audio Program Identification&lt;br /&gt;- PCR 4DTV: Proprietary Channel Indicator&lt;br /&gt;- SID: Service Identification&lt;br /&gt;- TID: Transponder Identification&lt;br /&gt;- NID: Network Identification&lt;br /&gt;- Main Language: Bahasa pokok yg digunakan&lt;br /&gt;- Country&lt;br /&gt;- Original Name&lt;br /&gt;- Programming Type&lt;br /&gt;- Time Stamp: Menunjukkan apakah channel ini telah ditambahkan ke dlm database&lt;br /&gt;- Contributor: -&lt;br /&gt;- Confirmation: -&lt;br /&gt;- Comments: -&lt;br /&gt;- Transmission Number:&lt;br /&gt;Setelah  kita familiar dg istilah2 diatas mari kita cut pembahasan kita (supaya  ngga berbelit2) dg satu contoh kasus. Pada posisi satellite  Asiasat2s/Asiasat-4 kita bisa gunakan untuk akses data broadband, salah  satu penyedia jasa layanannya adalah www.isatasia.com (silakan dibuka).  Lalu kita pilih link “One Way Satellite” untuk memulai registrasi. Dlm  page awal akan muncul beberapa option yaitu layanan SkyBurst dan  SkyBlast, perbedaan antara kedua layanan ini adalah kecepatan transmisi  data downstream yg akan dialokasikan u/ kita. Untuk SkyBurst transmisi  max u/ downstream adalah sktr 512KBps, sedangkan SkyBlast bisa mencapai  1MBps (namun semuanya tergantung jg pada kemampuan maksimal DVB kita u/  menerima transmisi data tsb).&lt;br /&gt;Setelah ditentuin paket mana yg  dipilih, lakukan registrasi. download soft client-servernya (tiap2  penyedia jasa one way satellite spt isatasia ini pasti punya satu  aplikasi client server u/ m’hubungkan account kita dg database mrk).  Skali lagi sy tegasin bahwa sy ngga akan jelasin gimana caranya u/  dapetin account-nya scr gratis (toh kalian jg uda pd tau.. hehehehe)&lt;br /&gt;Catetan:&lt;br /&gt;----- Speedcast -----&lt;br /&gt;Broadband internet access (AsiaSat):&lt;br /&gt;AsiaSat 2 and 4 satellites at 100.5 and 122 east.&lt;br /&gt;Outlink: 60 Mbit/s from Hong Kong, 99.9% availability.&lt;br /&gt;Customer terminals up to 1.5 Mbit/s.&lt;br /&gt;HIJACK PayTV!&lt;br /&gt;PayTV  adl suatu jenis layanan televisi komersial, spt Indovision yg  menayangkan siaran2 keren seperti HBO,CNN, Animal Planet, CARTOONS  NETWORK dll TANPA IKLAN!!! mengapa demikian??!? tentunya karena kita  sudah membayar dg “sangat mahal” untuk melihat tayangan2 tsb. Siaran  dari stasiun PayTV menggunakan berbagai jenis encryption u/ mengacak  gambar, agar tayangannya hanya dpt ditonton oleh mereka yang telah  subscribe ke tiap2 penyedia jasa tsb. Tiap2 stasiun m&#39;gunakan encryption  yg b&#39;beda2. Bbrp encryption yg paling bnyk digunakan diantaranya  adalah: Digicipher, MediaGuard, Irdeto, SECA, PowerVu, Videoguard,  Cryptoworks, Conax, Viaccess, Codicrypt dll. Skrng bagaimana cara untuk  men-decrypt encryption diatas?&lt;br /&gt;Kini saatnya menyiapkan software/  aplikasi yg akan kita gunakan u/ connect-kan PC kita dg satellite. Yg  kita butuhkan adl aplikasi &quot;ProgDVB&quot; (sbenernya ini bkn applikasi yg  baku, krn bnyk pula macam dan jenis applikasi yg laen yg jg dpt  digunakan. Tp untuk mempermudah proses pembelajaran kita seragamkan aja  applikasinya). Langkah awal yg perlu kita siapin adl, donlod dulu  toolnya. Klik link ini u/ men-download ProgDVB v4.46  http://download.progdvb.com/ProgDVB4.46FullInstall.exe&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;gambar 3.1&lt;br /&gt;Gambar Software ProgDVB.&lt;br /&gt;Software ini dapat menayangkan transmisi visual sperti layaknya TV tunner,&lt;br /&gt;Kelebihan dr software ini adalah dia mensupport plugin untuk decryptiom&lt;br /&gt;Channel2 PayTV.&lt;br /&gt;Dg  menggunakan applikasi ini kita dapat mulai bereksperimen dan  mengekplorasi channel2 yg terdapat pd tiap2 satellite. Untuk bahan  referensi daftar satellite dan channel2 yg paling up to date bisa kita  liat di www.lyngsat.com. Hampir mirip dg informasi yg disajikan pada  SatcoDX, namun di lyngsat ini informasinya di update setiap saat dan  disajikan secara realtime. Pd situs ini ditampilkan pula jenis enkripsi  dr tiap2 channel spt bbrp yg sdh saya sebutkan diatas. Bila kita sdh  mengetahui sasaran channel yg kita butuhkan, kita klik link dari channel  tsb. Bbrp saat kemudian akan muncul Footprint, yaitu untuk mengetahui  apakah siyal dr channel yg dipancarkan oleh satellite yg kita inginkan  td dpt kita terima dr lokasi kita. Disitu jg ditampilkan informasi jenis  LNB yg harus digunakan untuk menangkap siaran td (LNB: Low Noise Block.  Jenisnya ada macam2, ada S-Band, C-Band, KU-Band dll, liat keterangan  diatas!)&lt;br /&gt;Trus jalanin aplikasinya, ntar kita masukin jenis Chipset  Card DVB kita (VisionPlus punyaku ini pake chipset jenis TwinHan). Stlh  ProgDVB kita sudah bisa dipastikan jalan, mk kita bisa mulai searching  channel dg spesifikasi tekhnis spt yg udah dijelasin diatas, misal u/  mengakses Measat b’arti kita harus set di properties-nya spesifikasi  arah, polarisasi, azimuth dll dr Measat secara tepat. Bila berhasil mk  kita akan dapati beberapa channel di panel sblh kiri. Bbrp diantaranya  ada yg Free (non-comercial) dan ada jg yg Pay (TV comercial).&lt;br /&gt;Setelah  kita berhasil mengakses siaran dari satellite tsb serta dpt menampilkan  bbrp listing channel lainnya pd applikasi ini maka saatnya bagi kita  untuk hunting decryptor untuk channel terenkripsi. Caranya adalah dg  cara menginstall PlugIn-nya. PlugIn yg dibutuhkan adalah Softcam, format  file ini adlh “.key” (dot key). Jadi untuk mendekrip channel  berenkripsi Irdeto kita membutuhkan Softcam.key for Irdeto, dan untuk  mendekrip channel berenkripsi SECA kita membutuhkan Softcam.key for  Seca. Lihat gambar berikut:&lt;br /&gt;gambar 3.2&lt;br /&gt;Gambar Software ProgDVB.&lt;br /&gt;Setelah diinstal softcam.key untuk membuka enkripsi&lt;br /&gt;Irdeto dan SECA&lt;!------&gt;&lt;!------&gt;&lt;!------&gt;&lt;!------&gt;&lt;/--&gt;&lt;/--&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/6199365283838151478/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-downstream-via-satelit.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6199365283838151478'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6199365283838151478'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/internet-downstream-via-satelit.html' title='Internet Downstream via satelit'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_QOLL2ya_3IZ2wbYCYuJl2vWu4vDg5fBb1xzaBHnw1i9wjT7S1RMsP4HIG3UEO7A-ztQelr1dxVoBLOFTS8Yw5hvN72xeFCK-ajZzkDjsaWauZII_vFAxwkKsvdXnhAEDp7FqMZqselI/s72-c/upstream.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-4095320629697830502</id><published>2011-01-06T00:15:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-08-10T19:53:33.069-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="DVB receiver terbaru"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="macam-macam jenis receiver"/><title type='text'>Macam macam Receiver</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;Macam Receiver&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Ibarat hampir setiap minggu ada produk terbaru dengan  berbagai kelebihan-kelebihanya, Technosat misalnya produk yang terakhir  beredar dipasaran T-888 Silver telah dilengkapi dengan Path Code untuk  chanel yang scrambled  seperti irdeto Access, Conax, Nagravision, Biss,  Seca mediaguard, Cryptoworks, dan Viaccess  bisa free kebuka semuanya.   Bahkan receiver ini juga dapat anda connected dengan dsl all chanel  movie or sport dapat anda nikmati bebas. Info lainya seperti DVB Lyngsat  juga sama, Sedangkan Anywave,Future FR1010 receiver dengan fasilitas 2  Tuner ini banyak diburu orang karena dapat di sharing dengan  &lt;b&gt;DONGEL&lt;/b&gt;  (sebuah alat multi link sebesar korek api)  dan satelite Eutelsat W-6.  Apa kelebihanya ?…. anda tahu sendiri  ada 35 chanel esek-esek 24 jam  nonstop free di intip, terus Movie,sport,cartoon, Orbit dll saya sendiri  menggunakan receiver ini untuk menambah pengetahuan saja biar tidak  lupa he he he….. so pasti  anda tertarik kan…..? &lt;/div&gt;
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Pada kesempatan yang lain  kami akan memperkenalkan kepada anda semua jangan khawatir.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;DVB receiver terbaru &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Macam macam Receiver&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27geQf2P9y2Kvtx1HrnO9R9qfrZBEOB_5vZgCw9eBT9tHTalaBELiDSXY3LGUOQ80-xQiCWptHFI4aQ8OOkSGT2FGg0eHgXTSIK316BXEoZDL4HvYJPafPC6IdfpD3rdqLrAxiWzaGV48/s200/DVB-Receiver__DDT500s_FTA_PATCH_CA_Cardsharing.jpg&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5558985386223787762&quot; style=&quot;float: left; height: 142px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 200px;&quot; title=&quot;Macam macam Receiver&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dreambox500s&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Powerful receiver for digital TV and Radio programs. Main features are a&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
250 MHz IBM PowerPC (350 Mips).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Linux OP, the Dreambox supports the Standard Linux API&lt;br /&gt;
(DirectFB, Linux-FB, LIRC, ...)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Features:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1)250 MHz IBM PowerPC Processor (350 Mips)&lt;br /&gt;
2)Linux Operating System&lt;br /&gt;
3)1 x Smartcard-Reader&lt;br /&gt;
4)MPEG2 Hardware decoding&lt;br /&gt;
5)100Mbit full duplex Ethernet Interface&lt;br /&gt;
6)2 LED status&lt;br /&gt;
7)unlimited channel lists for TV/Radio&lt;br /&gt;
8)channel-change time &amp;lt;&amp;gt; 60 dB (1 kHz)&lt;br /&gt;
Crosstalk &amp;lt; -65 dB  Output digital: Output Level 0, 5 Vss on 75 Ohm Sampled Data Filtering 32 kHz, 44. 1 kHz, 48 kHz S/PDIF-Output optical (AC3)  Video parameter: Input Level FBAS 1 Vss +/- 0. 3 dB on 75 Ohm Teletext filter in conformity with ETS 300 472 Standard TV-Scart: Output: FBAS, RGB, S-VHS over OSD selectable  Serielle Interface RS 232: Typ RS232 bidirectional Bit rate 115, 2 kBit/s max. Plug Connector SUB-D-9 Function Update of Firmware and Preprogramming  Ethernet: 100 MBit compatible, bi-direktional interface Function Update of Firmware and Preprogramming  LNB Power and polarisation: LNB Current 500mA max.; Short-circuit-proof LNB Voltage vertical &amp;lt;&amp;gt; 11, 5V at 400mA&lt;br /&gt;
LNB Voltage horizontal &amp;lt;&amp;gt; 17, 3V at 400mA&lt;br /&gt;
LNB shut-off at Standby-Mode&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Count of active satellite position:&lt;br /&gt;
DiSEqC 1. 0/1. 2 SAT POSITION / SAT OPTION&lt;br /&gt;
DiSEqC - Rotor Control&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Power consumption:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt; 12v =&quot; /&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; id=&quot;prodetails&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;DDT500s&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;
DIGITAL SATELIT RECEIVER PARABOLA MANHATTAN 8800 PVR&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Origin:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Korea (South)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Price:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;675000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Payment Method:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Telegraphic Transfer (T/T)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Pack. &amp;amp; Delivery:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;BOX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;20%&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Macam macam Receiver&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyb0QY5MAf6R4VtvxjKdWw_-GCJuBzQh0egqm9o_jtFHwMA2In5XMxAoM5ggzE6XDngXhMKZqUyAr7Gb9s4GLG6lc6ihgOoZgrxsZDvCVmGVCb2nhb6dl9u0VeOiy9bTGXvF3IRs2-lM_a/s200/1379766_manhattan8800pvrcopy.jpg&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5558986168791162898&quot; style=&quot;float: left; height: 150px; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; width: 200px;&quot; title=&quot;Macam macam Receiver&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;Specification:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td width=&quot;80%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Tahoma; font-size: -1;&quot;&gt;MPEG2 DIGITAL &amp;amp; FULLY DVB COMPLIANT&lt;br /&gt; INPUT FREQ 950-2150 MHZ, SYMBOL RATE 1-45 MSPS&lt;br /&gt; 1 LNB INPUT ( F-TYPE) AND LOOP THROUGH IF SIGNAL&lt;br /&gt; SCPC &amp;amp; MCPC RECEIVABLE FROM C/ KU-BAND&lt;br /&gt; MAX. 5000 CH( TV&amp;amp; RADIO PROGRAMMABLE)&lt;br /&gt; SUPPORT USER FRIENDLY 3D OSD AND EASY MAIN MENU&lt;br /&gt; SUPPORT LANGUAGE OPTION ( INDONESIAN, ENGLISH, ARABIC AND MORE)&lt;br /&gt; MULTI PICTURE DISPLAY &amp;amp; NAVIGATION&lt;br /&gt; ZOOM AND PAUSE ARE AVAILABLE&lt;br /&gt; SUPPORT CHANEL RECALL LIST&lt;br /&gt; BLIND SEARCH ( POWER SCAN)&lt;br /&gt; USB 2.0 INTERFACE SUPPORT&lt;br /&gt; RECORDING A/ V THROUGH USB 2.0 INTERFACE&lt;br /&gt; EPG ( ELECTRONIC PROGRAM GUIDE)&lt;br /&gt; SUPPORT EPG RESERVATION ( EVENT TIMER)&lt;br /&gt; PARENTAL CONTROL IS AVAILABLE&lt;br /&gt; SUPPORT GAMES&lt;br /&gt; CHANNEL SWITCHING TIME LESS THAN 1 SEC&lt;br /&gt; DISEQC 1.0&amp;amp; DISEQC1.2 AND USALS&lt;br /&gt; PROGRAM LIST DOWNLOAD FROM RECEIVER TO RECEIVER&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/4095320629697830502/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/macam-receiver.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4095320629697830502'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4095320629697830502'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/macam-receiver.html' title='Macam macam Receiver'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj27geQf2P9y2Kvtx1HrnO9R9qfrZBEOB_5vZgCw9eBT9tHTalaBELiDSXY3LGUOQ80-xQiCWptHFI4aQ8OOkSGT2FGg0eHgXTSIK316BXEoZDL4HvYJPafPC6IdfpD3rdqLrAxiWzaGV48/s72-c/DVB-Receiver__DDT500s_FTA_PATCH_CA_Cardsharing.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-6564490324593089227</id><published>2011-01-06T00:13:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:31:42.748-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><title type='text'>LNB with L/R Polarity</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;navigation&quot;&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;post-341 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-karakter-lnb&quot; id=&quot;post-341&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;LNB with L/R Polarity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;entry&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff9900;&quot;&gt;Satellite  Yamal 202 dan polarisasi L/R, sejauh ini khusus Asian masih bisa  menjangkau satellite yang konon diburu para maniak Parabola karena  channel RENTv nya. Memang hanya itu satu-satunya yang free alias FTA.  Sedangkan untuk menjangkau Turkisat 2A dan Hotbird impossible karena  beamnya tak sampai, padahal kedua satellite itu lebih banyak channel  yang rusak dan bejat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Bagaimana cara menangkap satellite Yamal 202 dengan  polarity yang menyimpang dari polarity satellite lainya, LNB apa yang  cocok untuk satellite dengan polaritas left/right.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Pada intinya  polarity LNB itu sama saja V/L &amp;amp; H/R yang membedakan cara tracking dan pemasangan plat di dalam feed horn (resonator).&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Ada 4 macam Polarity yang perlu di fahami&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-top: 0pt;&quot; type=&quot;1&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff9900;&quot;&gt;Polarity Vertical&lt;/span&gt; : Medan      magnetic dengan gelombang pancar tegak lurus dengan line khatulistiwa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff9900;&quot;&gt;Polarity Horizontal&lt;/span&gt; : Medan      magnetic dengan gelombang pancar sumbu sejajar dengan line khatulistiwa.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff9900;&quot;&gt;Right circular polarity &lt;/span&gt;: Rambatan medan      magnetic melingkar ke kanan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff9900;&quot;&gt;Left circular polarity &lt;/span&gt;: Rambatan medan      magnetic melingkar ke kiri&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
Pada umumnya jenis C-Band LNBF yang ada dipasaran saat ini sudah dilengkapi dengan Teflon sebagai pelengkap penyekat untuk polarity L/R bahkan bisa juga digunakan pada polarity V/H cuman signal  quality nya kurang maksimal. Pada saat anda tracking Satellite Yamal  202  gunakan LNB merk apa saja ingat jangan lupa pasang pula skatnya  untuk menghasilkan siqnal yang maksimal, jika belum ada skat/resonator  cari dan usahakan untuk membelah telenan yang ada di dapur anda,  ukuranya sama dengan lebar diameter feedhorn&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;Karakteristik LNB &amp;amp; LNBF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; width: 496px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 39pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 150.05pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;200&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Arial Black&#39;;&quot;&gt;CONFIGURATION   LNB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 39pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 19.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 19.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;LNB TYPE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext black windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 1in;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;     13-18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext black windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 71.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;       0/12kHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 19.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none none none solid; border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Frekvency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Selection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: silver;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: silver;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;Standart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;Enhanced&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;9.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;Quatro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;9.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;C-Band&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;5.150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;DBS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;TELECOM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;11.475&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 12.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 12.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 12.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 19.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;3&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 215.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;287&quot;&gt;&lt;pre&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Arial Black&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;CONFIGURATION   LNB-F&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 19.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 13.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 13.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid none none solid; border-width: 1pt medium medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;LNB TYPE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid solid none none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Low&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext black windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 1in;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;     13-18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext black windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 71.25pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;95&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;       0/12kHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none none none solid; border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Frekvency&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;Selection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Copperplate Gothic Light&#39;; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ffcc00;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;Standart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;Enhanced&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;9.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid none none; border-width: medium 1pt medium medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;UNIVERSAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;9.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0 kHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.600&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22KHZ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext; border-style: none solid; border-width: medium 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;QUATRO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;9.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0 kHz&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;10.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22KHZ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 22.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;C-Band&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;5.150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13/18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 22.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 15.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none none none solid; border-width: medium medium medium 1pt; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt;C-BAND   SS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;5.150&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 15.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 16.5pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; border-style: none none solid solid; border-width: medium medium 1pt 1pt; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;5.750&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;18V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;13V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; height: 16.5pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Bookman Old Style&#39;;&quot;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 12.75pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 13.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;18&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 82.1pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;109&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 67.95pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;91&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 65.45pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;87&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;47&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 37pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;49&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 32.65pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;44&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td nowrap=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% white; height: 12.75pt; padding: 0pt 5.4pt; width: 38.6pt;&quot; valign=&quot;bottom&quot; width=&quot;51&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;direction: ltr; text-align: left; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/6564490324593089227/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/lnb-with-lr-polarity.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6564490324593089227'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/6564490324593089227'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/lnb-with-lr-polarity.html' title='LNB with L/R Polarity'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-559951369236996205</id><published>2011-01-06T00:11:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:35:07.588-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><title type='text'>memodifikasi background pada receiver Humax</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
memodifikasi background pada receiver Humax&lt;/h1&gt;
Pada posting kali ini saya akan mencoba belajar bersama anda  bagaimana cara memodifikasi background pada receiver Humax dan  insyaallah pada kesempatan lain mudah-mudahan saya bisa memodifikasi  type yang lainya yang sesuai keinginan anda semua. Untuk receiver humax  ada beberapa model yang bisa dimodifikasi diantaranya sebagai berikut  5100, 5200, 5300, 5400, 5500, 5510 dan 5700 ketujuh model ini background  menu bisa anda modifikasi hingga 2 gambar yang berbeda dan 1 gambar  untuk background radio. Sedangkan model 5000 dan 5600 (old) hanya bisa  dimodifikasi dengan 2 gambar saja.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; 1. Langkah pertama anda download dulu software Background Patcher 2.1&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; 2. Buka file backpath&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_465&quot; style=&quot;width: 343px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;&gt;
Backpather&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt; 3. klik open file kemudian browse file yang diminta&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_467&quot; style=&quot;width: 310px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;&gt;
Contoh tampilan pada menu&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;4. tampilan file tersebut jangan dihapus karena jika anda hapus anda  akan kesulitan dalam memodifikasi dan butuh convert JPG file ke HDF  kembali, disini anda tinggal mengganti tampilan gambar sesuai selera  anda&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_468&quot; style=&quot;width: 310px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;&gt;
contoh tampilan gbr Allah bisa diganti&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;5. Setelah semua gambar selesai anda ganti sesuai dengan selera tekan save dan simpan dengan nama file anda sendiri.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;6. Langkah berikutnya buka &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.4shared.com/file/45942350/803fd6b7/WDN4OAK.html&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot; title=&quot;stb tool humax&quot;&gt;STB tool WDN4OAK+&lt;/a&gt;  untuk transfer data dari PC ke Receiver. seperti tampilan dibawah ini  kemudian klik open file dan masukkan file baru yang sudah anda ganti  tadi  kemudian download/ transfer ke receiver anda .&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption aligncenter&quot; id=&quot;attachment_470&quot; style=&quot;width: 386px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;wp-caption-text&quot;&gt;
stb tool Humax&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;7. Enjoy dan selamat menikmati tampilan menu receiver dengan foto anda yang cakep.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
sumber dari: http://tantowi77.wordpress.com/</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/559951369236996205/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/memodifikasi-background-pada-receiver.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/559951369236996205'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/559951369236996205'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/memodifikasi-background-pada-receiver.html' title='memodifikasi background pada receiver Humax'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-3197958172034822942</id><published>2011-01-06T00:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:39:09.024-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><title type='text'>Antena Fixed paten</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Antena Fixed paten&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apa yang dimaksud dengan antena Fixed adalah sebuah antena parabola yang terpasang secara permanent&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;terhadap satellite transmitter. Apa kelebihan  dan kekuranganya dan Bagaimana cara memanfaatkan antenna parabola ini  agar dapat menangkap satellite lebih dari 2 sekaligus.mari kita bahas  bersama :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;more-178&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% fuchsia;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Antena Fixed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;color: #ff6666;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Dapat digunakan untuk menerima 3 satellite sekaligus tanpa harus &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;menggerakkan antenna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Dapat menampilkan gambar dari semua TV dari  satelit yang ditangkap   dalam sekejap. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Kondisi permanent sehingga tidak gampang goyah terhadap posisi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Signal quality dapat maksimum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% fuchsia;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan Antena  Actuator&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% fuchsia;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Bisa dimanfatkan menangkap lebih dari 5 satellite  transmitter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Cukup menggunakan sebuah LNBF with KU (dwi fungsi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Lebih banyak Channel TV yang diterima.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tidak membutuhkan DiSEqc switch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% lime;&quot;&gt; Kelemahan Antena Fixed:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tidak dapat digunakan menangkap satelit lebih dari 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Membutuhkan lebih banyak LNBF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Channel yang diterima lebih sedikit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% lime;&quot;&gt; Kelemahan Antena Actuator:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tidak dapat menampilkan gambar dalam sekejap dan harus menunggu posisi antenna fixed dulu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sering berubah posisi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Signal quality yang dihasilkan  kurang maksimal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Itulah  beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan antara Antena fixed dan antenna yang  menggunakan actuator. Saya kira anda bisa menilainya sendiri, yang jelas  bagaimana cara memaksimalkan kebutuhan kita akan hiburan keluarga tanpa  ada gangguan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Selanjutnya  jika anda punya beberapa favorit satellite yang berdekatan saya  sarankan menggunakan antenna fixed, apalagi anda tidak bisa cara  tracking antenna  dan setiap kali ada angin kencang anda harus panggil tukang pasang parabola &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;kan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; payah, naik turun tangga bongkar genting dan lain sebagainya  bisa-bisa kepala kejatuhan genting he..he..he…&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% yellow;&quot;&gt;Kombinasi Antena parabola fixed dengan 3 LNB sekaligus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Siapkan 2 LNBF C-Band dan LNB KU Band (sesuai kebutuhan)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Siapkan sebuah DiSEqc switch one by four for Digital equipment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Channel master untuk LNB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Langkah utama Pastikan bahwa anda mau menangkap siaran TV dari Satellite Asiasat 3S 105.5 satellite,  Insat 4B 93.5  dan satellite  insat 2E/4A 83. pasang LNB KU-Band anda dengan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hannel &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;master L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;NB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; pada prime focus Antena parabola anda lalu tracking antenna kearah satellite  insat 4B dulu kenapa harus ini dulu karena posisi satellite  ini  ada di tengah diantara ketiganya jadi usahakan signal quality yang  dihasilkan semaksimal mungkin kalau semua sudah selesai kencangkan semua  baut penyangga antena tadi, usahakan agar  antenna tidak bergerak lagi alias patent.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Langkah kedua tracking ke satellite  Insat 2E/4A setting dulu receiver anda dengan frekuency 3.643  Vertikal simbolrate 19.531  FEC  3/4 pegang LNBF C-Band anda, pasang kabelnya hubungkan dengan receiver  poisisinya diatas sudut kanan (bj.timur) gerakkan LNB tadi sedikit demi  sedikit perlahan sampai menghasilkan signal. Jika anda berhasil upayakan  menggabung LNB tadi dengan apa saja agar posisinya tidak berubah bisa  dengan lempengan besi atau apa saja asal tidak dari kayu. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Langkah  pertama dan kedua sukses project berikutnya tracking ke Asiasat 3S   dimana letaknya ada dibawah LNB KU tadi yang terpasang ditengah, jadi  posisinya sejajar dengan insat 2E/4A Cuma ini dibawahnya Insat 4B.93.5  agak ke sudut kiri.  Untuk mempercepat proses mencari  signal gunakan frekuency 4.020 simbolrate 27.250 FEC 3/4 tracking LNB  yang lainya ke posisi itu sampai menghasilkan signal quality yang  maksimum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Cara menggabungkan ketiga satellite tersebut sebagai berikut &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% yellow;&quot;&gt;(gbr diseqc)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Jika anda meninginkan satellite  lain daripada  yang saya sebutkan tadi gampang saja kunci utamanya anda harus tahu satu persatu  posisi  satellite nya berapa derajat, kira kira sendiri posisi meletakkan LNB  sebagaimana yang saya contohkan tadi. Selamat mencoba&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% yellow; font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;Gbr antena fixed 2 LNB dan 3 in 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;rtl&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background: none repeat scroll 0pt 50% yellow; font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;img 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&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/3197958172034822942/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/antena-fixed-paten.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3197958172034822942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3197958172034822942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/antena-fixed-paten.html' title='Antena Fixed paten'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-9076394471170524009</id><published>2011-01-05T23:50:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:44:41.846-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik dan Satelit"/><title type='text'>ANTENA PARABOLA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;ANTENA PARABOLA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRazXyKXCx1LErd-2pD0PQuAyX4NTd43jWQRP073LwOdLxuZtAkmtScx2CRMx3-6S45d-kqDAEWSLYNhot6TknyOrJQ8IOYy9DwHgsPfD6uVUodo0eC8E9SY_V8yyUscisyMSEfI8kEgtn/s1600/DD48AE5E-02F8-40E8-AEE4-483480DBE5B8.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRazXyKXCx1LErd-2pD0PQuAyX4NTd43jWQRP073LwOdLxuZtAkmtScx2CRMx3-6S45d-kqDAEWSLYNhot6TknyOrJQ8IOYy9DwHgsPfD6uVUodo0eC8E9SY_V8yyUscisyMSEfI8kEgtn/s200/DD48AE5E-02F8-40E8-AEE4-483480DBE5B8.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Antena &lt;/b&gt;parabola adalah sebuah antena berdaya jangkau tinggi yang digunakan untuk komunikasi radio, televisi dan data dan juga untuk &lt;i&gt;radiolocation&lt;/i&gt; (RADAR), pada bagian UHF and SHF dari spektrum&amp;nbsp;gelombang elektromagnetik. Panjang gelombang energi (radio) elektromagnetik yang relatif pendek pada frekuensi-frekuensi  ini menyebabkan ukuran yang digunakan untuk antena parabola masih dalam  ukuran yang masuk akal dalam rangka tingginya unjuk kerja respons yang  diinginkan baik untuk menerima atau pun memancarkan sinyal. Antena parabola berbentuk seperti piringan. Antena parabola dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan berbagai data, seperti sinyal telepon, sinyal radio dan sinyal televisi, serta beragam data lain yang dapat ditransmisikan melalui gelombang. Fungsi antena parabola yang umum diketahui oleh masyarakat di Indonesia adalah sebagai alat untuk menerima siaran televisi satelit.&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Sejarah_antena_parabola&quot;&gt;Sejarah antena parabola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sejarah antena parabola dapat diamati mulai dari tahun 1970an.  Ketika itu belum ada penyedia/&lt;i&gt;provider&lt;/i&gt; untuk televisi satelit. Televisi satelit mulai tumbuh tahun 1976. HBO adalah stasiun televisi pertama yang mengembangkan program-program televisi kepada perusahaan kabel melalui transmisi satelit televisi. Antena parabola C-band ditemukan oleh seorang profesor di Stanford yang mencoba membangun antena parabolanya sendiri dan berhasil menangkap siaran HBO.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Pada masa itu antena parabola C-band berukuran sangat besar. Karena  itu, antena parabola diletakkan di halaman. Ketika itu, tidak ada ruang  yang cukup untuk meletakkan antena parabola. Harga antena parabola pada  masa itu mahal. Pada tahun 1980an, berbagai perusahan mengembangkan  antena parabola C-band. Karena itu, harga antena parabola turun. Akibatnya, banyak program yang dirancang untuk televisi satelit dan dianggap sebagai investasi. Pada tahun 1984, Kongres Amerika mengesahkan Cable Act. Ini dari Cable Act adalah untuk memperbolehkan berbagai perusahaan kabel melakukan enkripsi  pada siaran mereka. Hal ini dilakukan karena ada penonton yang tidak  membayar untuk layanan televisi satelit. Enkripsi berhasil mengarahkan  orang-orang untuk berlangganan televisi kabel.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Pada tahun 1990an, enkripsi yang digunakan berhasil diretas. Akibat dari peretasan tersebut, perusahaan-perusahaan mulai mengembangkan dan menggunakan transmisi digital. Antena parabola berperan besar dalam perkembangan industri layanan televisi satelit. Dish Network,  sebuah perusahaan penyedia layanan televisi satelit memulai penyiaran  mereka pada tahun 1996. Mereka memanfaatkan antena parabola. Pada tahun  yang sama, DirecTV  juga mulai bersiaran. Akibatnya, terjadi persaingan antarpenyedia  layanan televisi satelit dan menandai persaingan antara berbagai  perusahaan penyedia layanan televisi satelit. Saat ini Dish Network Company telah tumbuh dan menawarkan berbagai program televisi digital dan HDTV. Dish Network menyediakan berbagai saluran dan program dalam definisi tinggi. Dish Network juga menjadi penyedia layanan televisi antena parabola dengan pelanggan yang banyak.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Pada tahun 1970, 1980, dan 1990an antena parabola mengubah cara kerja  pemrograman televisi. Perubahan tersebut ditandai dengan perubahan pada  peralatan televisinya. Pada masa itu, antena parabola jenis C-band yang besar telah hilang. Antena parabola jenis C-band  telah berubah ukuran menjadi lebih kecil. Kini, antena parabola  berukuran kecil. Antena parabola mampu diletakkan di atap dan tidak  mengganggu stabilitas bangunan. Ukurannya tidak lagi mengganggu  pemandangan. Berbagai saluran  dan program-program televisi yang menggunakan antena parabola telah  mampu ditransmisikan dengan jelas dan tanpa gangguan. Saat digunakan  menonton HDTV, antena parabola mampu mentransmisikan gambar yang realistis.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Prinsip_kerja&quot;&gt;Prinsip kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Bentuk antena yang seperti piring memantulkan sinyal ke titik fokus piringan tersebut. Di titik fokus tersebut ditempatkan sebuah alat yang disebut &lt;i&gt;feedhorn&lt;/i&gt;. Alat ini menjadi titik pusat untuk pemandu gelombang yang mengumpulkan sinyal di atau dekat di titik fokus dan mengubahnya menjadi &lt;i&gt;low-noise block downconverter&lt;/i&gt; (LNB). LNB mengubah sinyal dari gelombang elektromagnetik atau gelombang radio menjadi sinyal listrik dan menggeser rentangnya dari C-band atau Ku-band menjadi L-band. Antena parabola untuk penyiaran langsung menggunakan LNFB, yang mengintegrasikan &lt;i&gt;feedhorn&lt;/i&gt; dengan LNB. &lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;Theoretical gain&lt;/i&gt; dari sebuah antena parabola meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya frekuensi. Gain yang sebenarnya bergantung dari banyak faktor, diantaranya hasil akhir permukaan parabola, akurasi bentuk, dan kesesuaian feedhorn. Nilai umum bagi konsumen yang memiliki antena parabola 60cm 11.75 GHz adalah 37.50 dB.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Dengan menggunakan frekuensi  lebih rendah seperti C-band, pembuat antena parabola memiliki pilihan  lebih luas untuk bahan pembuatannya. Ukuran antena parabola besar yang  dibutuhkan untuk frekuensi lebih rendah mendorong antena parabola untuk dikonstruksi dari lempengan logam dan kerangka logam. Pada frekuensi lebih tinggi desain tipe lempengan lebih sedikit meskipun beberapa desain menggunakan piringan padat.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Miskonsepsi yang umum terjadi adalah LNBF, alat di depan piringan, menerima sinyal langsung dari atmosfer. Sebagai contoh, hitung mundur BBC News menunjukkan “arus data merah” diterima langsung oleh LNBF  daripada diterima oleh piringannya lebih dulu. Seharusnya bentuk  parabola akan mengumpulkan sinyal ke wilayah yang lebih kecil dan  mengirimkannya ke LNBF. &lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Piringan modern yang ditujukan untuk digunakan pada televisi rumahan umumnya berdiameter 43-80 cm. Antena parabola tersebut tidak bisa dipindah-pindahkan/&lt;i&gt;fixed position&lt;/i&gt;. Ini berlaku untuk antena parabola untuk menerima sinyal Ku-band. Sehubungan dengan adanya layanan &lt;i&gt;direct broadcast satellite&lt;/i&gt;, antena-antena parabola untuk keperluan rumah biasanya memiliki parabola C-Band yang memiliki motor.  Diameter parabola ini sebesar 3 meter. Tujuan adanya motor adalah untuk  menerima saluran-saluran dari satelit penyiaran yang berbeda. Piringan  yang terlampau kecil untuk antena parabola masih memiliki gangguan, seperti gangguan sinyal akibat hujan dan gangguan dari satelit-satelit lain.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Desain_sistem&quot;&gt;Desain sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Untuk instalasi &lt;i&gt;receiver&lt;/i&gt; di rumah, sebuah kabel digunakan untuk menghubungkan &lt;i&gt;receiver&lt;/i&gt; dengan LNB. &lt;i&gt;Receiver&lt;/i&gt; tersebut menggunakan penyedia daya berbeda (14/18V) untuk memilih polarisasi dan &lt;i&gt;pilot tones&lt;/i&gt; (22kHz) untuk menginstruksikan kepada LNB agar memilih satu dari dua gelombang frekuensi yang ada. Untuk instalasi yang lebih besar, setiap gelombang dan polarisasi diberikan kabel masing-masing. Maka, akan ada empat kabel dari LNB ke &lt;i&gt;switching matrix&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Switching matrix&lt;/i&gt; memungkinkan koneksi dari beberapa &lt;i&gt;receiver&lt;/i&gt; berbeda dalam sebuah topologi bintang (&lt;i&gt;star topology&lt;/i&gt;) yang menggunakan metode signalisasi &lt;i&gt;signalling&lt;/i&gt; yang sama dalam sebuah instalasi &lt;i&gt;receiver&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Tipe-tipe_parabola&quot;&gt;Tipe-tipe parabol&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Piringan_dengan_motor&quot;&gt;Piringan dengan motor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sebuah piringan yang ditegakkan di sebuah tiang dan digerakkan dengan motor atau servo  dapat dikendalikan dan diputar atau dirotasikan untuk menghadap  berbagai posisi satelit yang berada di angkasa. Piringan-piringan antena  parabola yang dapat digerakkan sangat digemari. Antena parabola dengan  motor yang bisa digerakkan memiliki tiga standar berbeda, yaitu DiSEqC, USALS, dan 36v positioners. Banyak &lt;i&gt;receiver&lt;/i&gt; yang dapat mendukung ketiga standar di atas.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Multisatelit&quot;&gt;Multisatelit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Multisatelit adalah piringan yang dapat menampung sebanyak 16 buah posisi satelit (Ku-band).  Beberapa desain memungkinkan beberapa penerimaan sekaligus dari  beberapa posisi satelit berbeda tanpa harus mengubah posisi piringan.  Sumbu/&lt;i&gt;axis&lt;/i&gt; vertikal bekerja sebagai sebuah reflektor &lt;i&gt;Cassegrain off-axis concave parabolic concave hyperbolic&lt;/i&gt;. Sumbu/&lt;i&gt;axis&lt;/i&gt; horizontal bekerja sebagai &lt;i&gt;concave convex Cassegrain&lt;/i&gt;. Titik dari piringan utama bergerak ke piringan sekunder, yang memperbaiki astigmatisme melalui bentuk bengkok/&lt;i&gt;curvature&lt;/i&gt; yang bervariasi. Celah yang berbentuk elips yang dimiliki piringan primer didesain untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan iluminasi yang diperkecil oleh &lt;i&gt;horn&lt;/i&gt; antena parabola. Karena tumpahan ganda/&lt;i&gt;double spill-over&lt;/i&gt;, maka penggunaan piringan besar akan lebih masuk akal.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;VSAT&quot;&gt;VSAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
VSAT adalah tipe antena parabola yang paling populer. VSAT adalah singkatan dari &lt;i&gt;very small aperture terminal&lt;/i&gt;.  Antena parabola jenis VSAT menyediakan komunikasi internet satelit dua  arah dan jaringan pribadi untuk berbagai organisasi. Saat ini, sebagian  besar VSAT beroperasi di gelombang Ku-band. Hal itu terjadi karena gelombang C-band terbatas hanya untuk beberapa wilayah di dunia. Ada pergerakan yang dilakukan mulai tahun 2005 untuk mendorong adanya satelit Ka-band  yang beroperasi di frekuensi lebih tinggi. Jenis satelit tersebut  menawarkan kerja yang lebih baik dengan biaya yang lebih rendah. Ukuran  antena-antena tersebut bervariasi, dimulai dari antena yang berdiameter  74 hingga 120cm. Untuk kebanyakan aplikasi, antena parabola VSAT dengan  C-band sebesar 4 meter.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;model_lain&quot;&gt;model lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Ada beberapa jenis antena parabola lain yang digunakan, di antaranya:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antena parabola individual, yaitu antena parabola yang hanya digunakan untuk satu tempat tinggal. Contohnya &lt;i&gt;Direct to Home&lt;/i&gt; (DTH).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Antena parabola kolektif, yaitu antena parabola yang penggunaannya dibagi ke beberapa tempat tinggal. Contohnya &lt;i&gt;satellite master antenna television&lt;/i&gt; (SMAT) dan &lt;i&gt;communal antenna broadcast distribution&lt;/i&gt; (CABD).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;Automatic-tracking satellite dish&lt;/i&gt;  (ATSD). Antena parabola jenis ini adalah antena yang dapat digunakan  ketika ditempatkan di sebuah kendaraan yang bergerak, seperti mobil.  Ketika kendaraan bergerak, antena parabola akan bergerak mencari  gelombang yang dibutuhkan. Proses ini dinamakan &lt;i&gt;automatic tracking&lt;/i&gt;. Antena parabola yang menggunakan &lt;i&gt;automatic tracking&lt;/i&gt; menggunakan giroskop, sensor GPS, data identifikasi tersendiri untuk satelit, serta dekoder DVB untuk membantu identifikasi satelit yang sedang diarahkan.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;BUD atau &lt;i&gt;big ugly dish&lt;/i&gt; adalah antena parabola gelombang C-band. Antena parabola ini adalah antena parabola TVRO yang digunakan untuk menerima sinyal satelit televisi dari satelit tipe FCC dalam gelombang mikro C-band. Diameter &lt;i&gt;big ugly dish&lt;/i&gt; sekitar 3.5 meter.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Antena_parabola_untuk_televisi_satelit&quot;&gt;Antena parabola untuk televisi satelit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Antena parabola biasanya ditempatkan di atap-atap rumah. Kini, pemilik  antena parabola tidak hanya ada di kota-kota besar saja, tapi juga telah  ada di daerah pedesaan. Untuk penyiaran televisi satelit, antena  parabola mampu menyiarkan beragam acara, di antaranya adalah film, acara  olahraga, dan berita. Kualitas gambar dari antena parabola berbeda  dengan antena biasa yang ditemukan di berbagai rumah. Kualitas gambar  dari antena parabola lebih bagus dan kualitas suara yang diperdengarkan  juga lebih baik.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Kelebihan_dan_kelemahan&quot;&gt;Kelebihan dan kelemahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Menggunakan antena parabola dan koneksi satelit memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya sendiri-sendiri.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Kelebihan menggunakan antena parabola dan koneksi satelit adalah  kualitas video dan kualitas audio yang lebih baik jika digunakan untuk  menerima siaran dari televisi satelit. Bentuk antena parabola seperti  piringan membuat transmisi lebih mudah diterima, sangat cocok untuk  menangkap gelombang di tempat-tempat yang jauh dari pusat transmisi.  Untuk televisi satelit, antena parabola sangat memudahkan untuk  menangkap siaran, bahkan di tempat-tempat yang jauh dibandingkan  menggunakan antena televisi biasa.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Kelemahan yang paling mempengaruhi antena parabla dan layanan satelit  adalah harga yang mahal untuk peralatan yang dibutuhkan. Antena  parabola juga tidak bisa langsung membagi saluran jika di dalam satu  rumah memiliki dua atau lebih perangkat televisi. Semua televisi di  suatu rumah akan menyiarkan program yang sama, karena tidak ada  pembagian transmisi. Untuk melakukannya, dibutuhkan peralatan tambahan  seperti tuner digital yang dapat membagi transmisi agar televisi berbeda  di satu rumah mampu mengakses program yang berbeda. Kelemahan yang juga  harus diperhatikan adalah gangguan cuaca. Antena parabola dapat  mengalami gangguan dalam menerima transmisi jika cuaca terlalu buruk.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
SUMBER DARI : http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena_parabola&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/9076394471170524009/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/antena-parabola.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/9076394471170524009'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/9076394471170524009'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/antena-parabola.html' title='ANTENA PARABOLA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRazXyKXCx1LErd-2pD0PQuAyX4NTd43jWQRP073LwOdLxuZtAkmtScx2CRMx3-6S45d-kqDAEWSLYNhot6TknyOrJQ8IOYy9DwHgsPfD6uVUodo0eC8E9SY_V8yyUscisyMSEfI8kEgtn/s72-c/DD48AE5E-02F8-40E8-AEE4-483480DBE5B8.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-4035469121768815020</id><published>2011-01-05T23:49:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:46:58.185-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Elektronik Dan Satrelit"/><title type='text'>CARA MEMASANG ANTENA PARABOLA</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
CARA MEMASANG ANTENA PARABOLA&lt;/h1&gt;
Berikut adalah material yang saya siapkan sebelum kegiatan ini dimulai :&lt;br /&gt;
Satu set piringan parabola, prime focus, Ø 115 cm. Di titik tengah parabola, kedalamannya adalah 18 cm.&lt;br /&gt;
C Band Low Noise Block Fedhorn (LNBF) yang fungsinya sebagai transverter dari input 3,4 – 4,2 GHz menj&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;more-12&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
adi output 0,95 – 1,75 GHz dengan bantuan Local Oscillator (LO) 5,15  GHz. Banyak orang menyebutnya sebagai Feedhorn atau LNB saja.&lt;br /&gt;
Kabel koaksial khusus 75 Ω penghubung dari LNBF ke Set-Top Box (STB) lengkap dengan jacknya.&lt;br /&gt;
Digital STB. Gunanya untuk menala sinyal keluaran LNBF, mendecode  sinyal dan menghasilkan komponen audio + video yang siap diumpankan ke  televisi. Saya menggunakan @Metabox I (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.metaware.co.kr/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.metaware.co.kr&lt;/a&gt;)  karena kualitas yang baik serta firmwarenya bisa diupdate dengan mudah.  Di pasaran, banyak sekali STB ditawarkan, mulai dari kelas Free-to-Air  Digital STB (menangkap siaran gratis seperti siaran televisi swasta  nasional) sampai yang sanggup membuka Pay Television (siaran teracak,  harus berlangganan misalnya siaran IndoVision).&lt;br /&gt;
Televisi yang memiliki RCA/AV Input (3 kabel: 1 video + 2 stereo  audio). Bila Anda memiliki perangkat Home Theatre yang mendukung Dolby  Prologic II,  suara stereo yang diterima dapat dialihkan ke Home Theatre  sehingga siaran yang dibuat dalam tata suara surround (biasanya  film-film dengan label DTS, Dolby Surround atau THX) dapat disuarakan  bak bioskop pribadi .&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah semua disiapkan, Anda harus mencatat data berikut:&lt;br /&gt;
Satelit yang akan kita tala. Demi kemudahan, mari kita tala satelit  AsiaSat 3S yang berlokasi di 0,0o S 105,5o E. Informasi posisi,  transponder dan channel terkini ada di &lt;a href=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/chart&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/chart&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Posisi parabola kita (gunakan GPS untuk mengetahuinya). Dalam hal ini  QTH saya adalah di 6,12o S 106,5o E. Jika kita telaah, ternyata posisi  saya hanya berbeda 6,12o S 1,0o E dengan satelit AsiaSat 3S sehingga  nanti “pucuk” parabolanya kira-kira akan mendongak ke atas langit  Jakarta.&lt;br /&gt;
Menyiapkan Parabola&lt;br /&gt;
Letakkan parabola di bidang (tempat terbuka) tidak ada halangan ke  langit bebas serta datar. Untuk menentukan kedatarannya, Anda bisa tuang  air ke baskom. Bila air penuh tepat lurus di bibir baskom berarti  bidang cukup datar terhadap bumi. Bila posisinya miring, gunakan papan  yang diganjal untuk mendapatkan bidang yang datar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/Capture1.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 1: Menentukan datar tidaknya bidang peletakkan parabola&lt;br /&gt;
Buatlah garis vertikal dan horizontal pada parabola untuk membantu  penentuan posisinya. Titik temu garis ini harus berada tepat di dasar  parabola (gunakan gundu, tempat di mana gundu diam itulah titik dasar  parabola). Setelah digaris, berikan penanda empat arah mata angin  seperti gambar berikut:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/Capture3.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 2: Menggambar arah mata angin di piringan parabola&lt;br /&gt;
Arahkan piringan parabola ke arah mata angin menggunakan kompas yang  diletakkan di dasar parabola (yaitu titik pertemuan garis vertikal  horizontal tadi). Atur agar keempat arah mata angin itu sesuai dengan  yang ditunjukkan di kompas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU7.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 3: Mengarahkan piringan ke arah mata angin. Sumbu S – N masih sedang diarahkan&lt;br /&gt;
Pasanglah LNBF pada bracket yang disediakan LNBF pada parabola. Untuk  menentukan tinggi bracket yang tepat, gunakan rumus berikut:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/Capture4.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 4: Menentukan posisi tinggi bracket dari dasar antena&lt;br /&gt;
Pada badan LNBF ada angka-angka 0,42 sampai 0,30. Angka itu disebut  f/D, didapat dengan membagi 45,9 cm / 115 cm = 0,40. Pasanglah LNBF  tepat di posisi f/D 0,40&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU8.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 5: Mengatur posisi f/D LNBF di 0,40&lt;br /&gt;
Pada kepala LNBF ada angka-angka -30o, 0o dan +30o. Angka itu  mengatur arah polarisasi antena dalam LNBF. Aturlah garis 0o tepat ke  arah W, yang berarti juga searah garis W pada piringan parabola. Tanpa  mengubah posisi f/D, kencangkan mur pengunci pada posisi yang pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU9.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 6: Mengatur polarisasi antena dalam LNBF&lt;br /&gt;
Karena saya berada di 6,12o S, yaitu 6,12o di bawah garis katulistiwa  maka saya harus mendongakkan piringan parabola sebanyak 6,12o di sumbu N  agar posisi antena tepat mengarah ke atas katulistiwa. Karena Ø  parabola 115 cm, maka dengan menghitung SIN 6,12o x 115 cm didapat 12 cm  (ingatlah rumus trigonometri Sine, Cosine dan Tangent. Gunakan  scientific calculator untuk memudahkan perhitungan). Yang kita lakukan  ini disebut dengan mengatur “deklinasi”.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU10.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 7: Mengatur deklinasi&lt;br /&gt;
Karena saya berada di 106,5o E sementara satelit berada di 105,5o E  berarti saya harus menurunkan posisi piringan sebesar 1,0o di sumbu W.  Karena Ø parabola 115 cm, maka dengan menghitung SIN 1,0o x 115 cm  didapat 2 cm. Yang kita lakukan ini adalah mengarahkan piringan parabola  tepat pada orbit satelitnya. Karena hanya coba-coba, saya berikan beban  tertentu ke sumbu W, diganjal di bawah sedemikian rupa sehingga  piringan parabola turun tepat sebanyak 2 cm di sumbu W.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU11.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 8: Menyesuaikan piringan ke arah ke orbit satelit AsiaSat 3S&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU12.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 9: Hasil akhir pemasangan parabola&lt;br /&gt;
Selesailah kita mengatur antena parabola. Kita akan mengatur STB.  Karena pengaturan tiap merk STB berbeda-beda, gambar yang ditampilkan  hanyalah sekadar acuan belaka. Pertama, masukkan konfigurasi antena pada  STB, dan akhiri dengan mencari transponder serta channel yang  disediakan pada satelit tersebut (otomatis ada pada STB masing-masing):&lt;br /&gt;
a. Satellite: AsiaSat 3S;&lt;br /&gt;
b. LNB Type: Standard (Frequency 5,150 MHz);&lt;br /&gt;
c. 22 KHz: Off;&lt;br /&gt;
d. Polarity: Auto.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU13.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 10: Mengatur konfigurasi antena&lt;br /&gt;
Jika Anda tidak dapat menemukan transponder atau channel — masukkan secara manual data salah satu TV, misalnya TV 5 ASIE:&lt;br /&gt;
a. Frequency: 3.670 GHz;&lt;br /&gt;
b. Polarity: HORIZONTAL (H);&lt;br /&gt;
c. Symbol Rate: 26,000 symbols/second;&lt;br /&gt;
d. FEC: 7/8;&lt;br /&gt;
e. Name: TV 5 ASIE;&lt;br /&gt;
f. Video PID: 1120;&lt;br /&gt;
g. Audio PID: 1121;&lt;br /&gt;
h. PCR PID: 1120.&lt;br /&gt;
Jika Anda menemukan beberapa channel TV secara otomatis melalui fasilitas&lt;br /&gt;
Search di STB — pilihlah satu channel misalnya TV 5 ASIE.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU14.jpg&quot; height=&quot;80&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 11: Kekuatan sinyal yang diterima&lt;br /&gt;
Kemudian, aturlah agar sinyal diterima sebesar mungkin dengan  mengkoreksi kedudukan piringan parabola. Pada gambar di atas, kekuatan  sinyal yang semula hanya 20% setelah dikoreksi menjadi 73%, kualitas  tetap 85% tetapi warnanya sudah hijau artinya sudah cukup stabil  menerima sinyal. Pada STB yang saya miliki, gambar akan tampak baik bila  sinyal ada di atas 60%, kualitas di atas 80% dan bar persentase  menunjukkan warna hijau (bisa berbeda di tiap STB).&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah sepuluh langkah ini selesai dilalui, kita bisa mengulang  pencarian transponder serta channel lain agar seluruh siaran bisa  ditangkap. Ada 55 siaran TV gratis + 26 siaran radio gratis yang saya  bisa nikmati (di luar siaran teracak yang jumlahnya mendekati 100).  Setelah itu siaplah kita menikmati siaran dari luar negeri melalui  satelit AsiaSat 3S dengan kualitas video tanpa cacat serta suara stereo  yang membahana.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU16.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://sattracker.mrtian.com/satu_piring_berdua/KiatU17.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Gambar 12: Beberapa channel yang bisa ditangkap. Gambar di sini  kurang cerah karena kamera digital memfoto langsung layar televisi&lt;br /&gt;
Sangat puas bisa menemukan posisi satelit secara mandiri, biar pun  sinyal yang diterima pas-pasan tetapi karena mencari dengan usaha  sendiri, ada ilmu berharga yang bisa kita serap. Tantangan ke depannya  adalah bagaimana mencari satelit untuk TVRO lainnya seperti Palapa C2,  Panamsat 7 + 10, ST 1, Thaicom23, Apstar 2R, AsiaSat 2 serta Telkom 1.  Mengganti C Band LNBF dengan antena receiver/transverter band amatir  radio adalah hal yang mudah setelah Anda tahu posisi satelitnya berada  di mana. Antena transmitter untuk komunikasi dua arah dengan satelit  biasanya Yagi; tentunya mudah ditentukan arahnya dengan bantuan  referensi posisi piringan parabola kita.&lt;br /&gt;
Catatan:&lt;br /&gt;
Pengaturan posisi piringan parabola ini hanya untuk menerima sinyal  satelit Geostationer Earth Orbit (GEO) yang orbitnya di sekitar garis  katulistiwa, bukan untuk satelit Low/Medium Earth Orbit (LEO/MEO) atau  yang orbitnya tidak berada di garis katulistiwa.&lt;br /&gt;
SUMBER : &lt;a href=&quot;http://c.1asphost.com/mainsource/Indonesia.asp&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://c.1asphost.com/mainsource/Indonesia.asp&lt;/a&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/4035469121768815020/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/cara-memasang-antena-parabola.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4035469121768815020'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4035469121768815020'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2011/01/cara-memasang-antena-parabola.html' title='CARA MEMASANG ANTENA PARABOLA'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-3115321967360393797</id><published>2010-05-30T07:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2013-08-10T20:04:51.632-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="organ intim pria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Sistem Reproduksi Pria"/><title type='text'>Sistem Reproduksi Pria</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Sistem Reproduksi Pria&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
DEFINISI&lt;br /&gt;
Struktur luar dari sistem reproduksi pria terdiri dari penis, skrotum (kantung zakar) dan testis (buah zakar).&lt;br /&gt;
Struktur dalamnya terdiri dari vas deferens, uretra, kelenjar prostat dan vesikula seminalis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anatomi sistem reproduksi pria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;Sistem Reproduksi Pria&quot; src=&quot;http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSWxQDovSx4fjj0UxnbjdyEVNBU8xTGDre9QE4nZf2DkJV_GZBmhQ&quot; title=&quot;Sistem Reproduksi Pria&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Sperma (pembawa gen pria) dibuat di testis dan disimpan di dalam vesikula seminalis.&lt;br /&gt;
Ketika melakukan hubungan seksual, sperma yang terdapat di dalam cairan yang disebut semen dikeluarkan melalui vas deferens dan penis yang mengalami ereksi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
STRUKTUR&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Penis terdiri dari:&lt;br /&gt;
- Akar (menempel pada didnding perut)&lt;br /&gt;
- Badan (merupakan bagian tengah dari penis)&lt;br /&gt;
- Glans penis (ujung penis yang berbentuk seperti kerucut).&lt;br /&gt;
Lubang uretra (saluran tempat keluarnya semen dan air kemih) terdapat di umung glans penis.&lt;br /&gt;
Dasar glans penis disebut korona.&lt;br /&gt;
Pada pria yang tidak disunat (sirkumsisi), kulit depan (preputium) membentang mulai dari korona menutupi glans penis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sirkumsisi&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Badan penis terdiri dari 3 rongga silindris (sinus) jaringan erektil:&lt;br /&gt;
- 2 rongga yang berukuran lebih besar disebut korpus kavernosus, terletak bersebelahan&lt;br /&gt;
- Rongga yang ketiga disebut korpus spongiosum, mengelilingi uretra.&lt;br /&gt;
Jika rongga tersebut terisi darah, maka penis menjadi lebih besar, kaku dan tegak (mengalami ereksi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Skrotum merupakan kantung berkulit tipis yang mengelilingi dan melindungi testis.&lt;br /&gt;
Skrotum juga bertindak sebagai sistem pengontrol suhu untuk testis, karena agar sperma terbentuk secara normal, testis harus memiliki suhu yang sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan suhu tubuh.&lt;br /&gt;
Otot kremaster pada dinding skrotum akan mengendur atau mengencang sehinnga testis menggantung lebih jauh dari tubuh (dan suhunya menjadi lebih dingin) atau lebih dekat ke tubuh (dan suhunya menjadi lebih hangat).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Testis berbentuk lonjong dengan ukuran sebesar buah zaitun dan terletak di dalam skrotum. Biasanya testis kiri agak lebih rendah dari testis kanan.&lt;br /&gt;
Testis memiliki 2 fungsi, yaitu menghasilkan sperma dan membuat testosteron (hormon seks pria yang utama).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anatomi sistem reproduksi pria&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Epididimis terletak di atas testis dan merupakan saluran sepanjang 6 meter.&lt;br /&gt;
Epididimis mengumpulkan sperma dari testis dan menyediakan ruang serta lingkungan untuk proses pematangan sperma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vas deferens merupakan saluran yang membawa sperma dari epididimis.&lt;br /&gt;
Saluran ini berjalan ke bagian belakang prostat lalu masuk ke dalam uretra dan membentuk duktus ejakulatorius.&lt;br /&gt;
Struktur lainnya (misalnya pembuluh darah dan saraf) berjalan bersama-sama vas deferens dan membentuk korda spermatika.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jalur sperma&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Uretra berfungsi 2 fungsi: Bagian dari sistem kemih yang mengalirkan air kemih dari kandung kemih&lt;br /&gt;
# Bagian dari sistem reproduksi yang mengalirkan semen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kelenjar prostat terletak di bawah kandung kemih di dalam pinggul dan mengelilingi bagian tengah dari uretra.&lt;br /&gt;
Biasanya ukurannya sebesar walnut dan akan membesar sejalan dengan pertambahan usia.&lt;br /&gt;
Prostat dan vesikula seminalis menghasilkan cairan yang merupakan sumber makanan bagi sperma. Cairan ini merupakan bagian terbesar dari semen. Cairan lainnya yang membentuk semen berasal dari vas deferens dan dari kelenjar lendir di dalam kepala penis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
FUNGSI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Selama melakukan hubungan seksual, penis menjadi kaku dan tegak sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya penetrasi (masuknya penis ke dalam vagina)&lt;br /&gt;
Ereksi terjadi akibat interaksi yang rumit dari sitem saraf, pembuluh darah, hormon dan psikis.&lt;br /&gt;
Rangsang yang menyenangkan menyebabkan suatu reaksi di otak, yang kemudian mengirimkan sinyalnya melalui korda spinalis ke penis.&lt;br /&gt;
Arteri yang membawa darah ke korpus kavernosus dan korpus spongiosum memberikan respon, yaitu berdilatasi (melebar). Arteri yang melebar menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah ke daerah erektil ini, sehingga daerah erektil terisi darah dan melebar.&lt;br /&gt;
Otot-otot di sekitar vena yang dalam keadaan normal mengalirkan darah dari penis, akan memperlambat aliran darahnya.&lt;br /&gt;
Tekanan darah yang meningkat di dalam penis menyebabkan panjang dan diameter penis bertambah.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ejakulasi terjadi pada saat mencapai klimaks, yaitu ketika gesekan pada glans penis dan rangsangan lainnya mengirimkan sinyal ke otak dan korda spinalis.&lt;br /&gt;
Saraf merangsang kontraksi otot di sepanjang saluran epididimis dan vas deferens, vesikula seminalis dan prostat. Kontraksi ini mendorong semen ke dalam uretra.&lt;br /&gt;
Selanjutnya kontraksi otot di sekeliling urretra akan mendorong semen keluar dari penis.&lt;br /&gt;
Leher kandung kemih juga berkonstriksi agar semen tidak mengalir kembali ke dalam kandung kemih.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Setelah terjadi ejakulasi (atau setelah rangsangan berhenti), arteri mengencang dan vena mengendur.&lt;br /&gt;
Akibatnya aliran darah yang masuk ke arteri berkurang dan aliran darah yang keluar dari vena bertambah, sehingga penis menjadi lunak.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/3115321967360393797/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2010/05/sistem-reproduksi-pria-definisi.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3115321967360393797'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/3115321967360393797'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2010/05/sistem-reproduksi-pria-definisi.html' title='Sistem Reproduksi Pria'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-8016369150505474553</id><published>2009-02-01T04:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:50:24.909-07:00</updated><title type='text'>LIFE STYLE CONSUMPTION IODIZED  SALT</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;LIFE STYLE CONSUMPTION IODIZED &amp;nbsp;SALT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;TOTAL GOITER RATE, URINARY IODINE CONCENTRATION AND CONSUMPTION OF IODIZED SALT IN PROVINCE OF CENTRAL JAVA &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Abstract. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Background.: The United Nation Assembly in 2005, asked for the countries member to report the Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) start in 2007, every 3 (three) years. In Central Java Province, Indonesia, IDD had been known for long time. IDD control consists of oral iodised oil distribution for women of child bearing age in severe endemic areas and iodisation of all salt for household consumption. Therefore, improvement of iodine status of population was expected. Objectives.: To measure Total Goiter Rate (TGR) and Urinary Iodine concentration (UIC) of population of Central Java Province. Methods. Three set of data were used for this paper: i) IDD Mapping Survey 1996, ii) IDD Evaluation Survey 2003, and Iodised Salt Survey, National Socio Economic Survey 1996/2003. Sample were school children, pregnant women and household. Data included: sampel of urine, salt concumed by household and palpation of thyroid gland. Results.: TGR of school children in 1996 was persisted 4.4% and in 2003 was 6.8%. Median value of UIC of pregnant women in 1996 was 165 mg/L and of school children in 2003 was 180 mg/L. Percentage of school children in category of insufficient iodine intake (UIC &amp;lt;&amp;gt;= 300 mg/L) was 17.1%. In 1996, 8.9% districs/cities with at least 90% of household consumed iodised salt or in category iodine sufficient, however, none of distric/city in 2003 was in category iodine sufficient. Correlation between TGR with UIC was negatif, in 1996: r= -0.112, confidence interval (-2.775; 1.437) and 2003: r=-0.196, confidence interval (-11.094; 3.078). Correlation between UIC with consumption of iodised salt in 1996 was positif: r=0.454, confidence interval (0.294; 1.078), but negatif in 2003: r=-0.116, confidence interval (-4.082; 2.057). Conclusions.: This results showed the need of continuation of IDD control program in Central Java as well as regular monitoring to prevent excessive iodine nutrition. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Key words: goiter, urinary iodine, iodised salt, correlation, school children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/8016369150505474553/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2009/02/life-style-consumption-iodized-salt.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8016369150505474553'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8016369150505474553'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2009/02/life-style-consumption-iodized-salt.html' title='LIFE STYLE CONSUMPTION IODIZED  SALT'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-8773422391321774823</id><published>2008-12-31T18:43:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:52:53.998-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Splenectomy During Secondary Cytoreduction for Ovarian</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Splenectomy During Secondary Cytoreduction for Ovarian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Cancer Disease Recurrence: Surgical and Survival Data&lt;br /&gt;
Natalina Manci, MD,1 Filippo Bellati, MD,1 Ludovico Muzii, MD,2 Marco Calcagno, MD,1&lt;br /&gt;
Sagit Arbel Alon, MD,1 Milena Pernice, MD,1 Roberto Angioli, MD,2 and&lt;br /&gt;
Pierluigi Bendetti Panici, MD1&lt;br /&gt;
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, V.le Regina Elena, 324, 001161 Rome, Italy&lt;br /&gt;
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Background: Ovarian cancer disease recurs predominantly in the abdomen, with the spleen&lt;br /&gt;
usually involved as part of a vast spread of upper-abdominal disease or, less frequently, as an&lt;br /&gt;
isolated site of disease recurrence. Very few reports are available in the literature on the&lt;br /&gt;
outcome of patients subjected to splenectomy during secondary cytoreduction. The aim of this&lt;br /&gt;
study was to identify prognostic factors and to review surgical and clinical data in order to&lt;br /&gt;
identify those patients who would benefit the most from splenectomy during secondary&lt;br /&gt;
cytoreduction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Methods: This was a retrospective review of platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian&lt;br /&gt;
cancer patients who underwent splenectomy as part of secondary cytoreduction. Surgical and&lt;br /&gt;
survival data were recorded.&lt;br /&gt;
Results: Twenty-four patients were identified. Multiple site disease recurrence was observed&lt;br /&gt;
in 15 patients. The spleen was involved at the hilus in 12 patients; surface and intraparenchymal&lt;br /&gt;
metastases were equally present. Optimal cytoreduction was achieved in all patients.&lt;br /&gt;
At a median follow-up of 30 months, median progression-free and overall survival from the&lt;br /&gt;
time of secondary surgery were 34 and 56 months, respectively. Overall survival was significantly&lt;br /&gt;
correlated to residual disease at secondary surgery, disease-free survival, consolidation&lt;br /&gt;
chemotherapy, and type of adjuvant therapy.&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusions: Splenectomy as part of secondary cytoreduction is a feasible and safe procedure.&lt;br /&gt;
Secondary cytoreduction in selected groups of patients is confirmed to be associated with&lt;br /&gt;
high long-term survival rates even when aggressive surgery of the upper abdomen is required.&lt;br /&gt;
Key Words: Ovarian cancer recurrence—Secondary cytoreduction—Splenectomy.&lt;br /&gt;
Ovarian cancer is the primary cause of death for&lt;br /&gt;
gynecologic malignancies in industrialized countries.1&lt;br /&gt;
First-line treatment includes cytoreductive surgery&lt;br /&gt;
and platinum-based chemotherapy.2,3 More than&lt;br /&gt;
one-half of the patients treated with first-line chemotherapy&lt;br /&gt;
achieve a clinical complete response, but&lt;br /&gt;
only a one-quarter will benefit from long-term disease&lt;br /&gt;
remission.4 To date, no unanimous consensus has&lt;br /&gt;
been reached on the strategy that should be adopted&lt;br /&gt;
in recurrent patients. Possible strategies include second-&lt;br /&gt;
line chemotherapy5 or secondary cytoreduction.6&lt;br /&gt;
Secondary cytoreduction frequently requires aggressive&lt;br /&gt;
surgical procedures that are inevitably associated&lt;br /&gt;
with significant intra- and postoperative morbidities.&lt;br /&gt;
In the paucity of literature data, physicians are&lt;br /&gt;
required to carefully tailor treatment strategies on the&lt;br /&gt;
basis of patients  characteristics and prognostic&lt;br /&gt;
factors.&lt;br /&gt;
The recurrence of ovarian cancer disease involves&lt;br /&gt;
the abdomen in most cases.7 The spleen is usually&lt;br /&gt;
Received August 26, 2005; accepted February 15, 2006;&lt;br /&gt;
published online September 7, 2006.&lt;br /&gt;
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Natalina&lt;br /&gt;
Manci, MD; E-mail: natalina.manci@uniroma1.it.&lt;br /&gt;
Published by Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.   2006 The Society of&lt;br /&gt;
Surgical Oncology, Inc.&lt;br /&gt;
operative data are reported in Table 2. At surgery,&lt;br /&gt;
15 patients (62%) were found to have more than a&lt;br /&gt;
single lesion. The largest spleen lesion was at the&lt;br /&gt;
hilus (12 patients, 50%). Intraparenchymal and&lt;br /&gt;
superficial spleen involvement were equally present&lt;br /&gt;
in six patients (25%). Intraparenchymal lesions were&lt;br /&gt;
always found as a solitary lesion, whereas hilar and&lt;br /&gt;
superficial spleen involvements were mostly found&lt;br /&gt;
as part of multiple-site disease recurrence. Carcinomatosis&lt;br /&gt;
was present in most patients with multiple&lt;br /&gt;
lesions (11 cases, 73%). The most frequently&lt;br /&gt;
encountered extrasplenic lesions were on the bowel&lt;br /&gt;
and on the pelvic/abdominal wall. Major associated&lt;br /&gt;
procedures, in addition to splenectomy, were carried&lt;br /&gt;
out in 16 patients (67%) and included: extensive&lt;br /&gt;
stripping (diaphragmatic and bilaterally&lt;br /&gt;
paracolic gutter) or argon beam coagulation (11&lt;br /&gt;
patients, 46%), large bowel resection (5 patients,&lt;br /&gt;
21%), small bowel resection (two patients, 8%),&lt;br /&gt;
distal pancreatectomy (four patients, 17%), partial&lt;br /&gt;
hepatectomy (two patients, 8%), lymphadenectomy&lt;br /&gt;
(two patients, 8%), and partial gastrectomy (one&lt;br /&gt;
patient, 4%). One bowel resection and all pancreatectomies&lt;br /&gt;
were performed for technical surgical&lt;br /&gt;
reasons or to achieve optimal debulking in the&lt;br /&gt;
spleen hilar region and not for direct organ&lt;br /&gt;
involvement (Fig. 2). Median operative time was&lt;br /&gt;
155 minutes (range: 50 480). Median estimated&lt;br /&gt;
blood loss was 610 ml (range: 320 1800 ml). As&lt;br /&gt;
expected, both operative time and estimated blood&lt;br /&gt;
loss were significantly greater in patients affected by&lt;br /&gt;
multiple lesions than in patients with solitary disease&lt;br /&gt;
recurrence (P = 0.008, P = 0.004, respectively).&lt;br /&gt;
Five patients (21%) required blood&lt;br /&gt;
transfusions and five patients (21%) had intraoperative&lt;br /&gt;
hemorrhage with blood loss of more than&lt;br /&gt;
1000 ml (range: 1100 1800). No other major intraoperative&lt;br /&gt;
complications were reported. Major&lt;br /&gt;
postoperative complications were early postoperative&lt;br /&gt;
small bowel obstruction (one patient, 4%),&lt;br /&gt;
pulmonary embolism (one patient, 4%), and a&lt;br /&gt;
pancreatic fistula (one patient, 4%). All patients&lt;br /&gt;
were treated conservatively and no reoperation was&lt;br /&gt;
performed. Median postoperative hospital stay was&lt;br /&gt;
6 days (range: 3 13 days).&lt;br /&gt;
All patients received vaccination for S. pneumoniae,&lt;br /&gt;
H. influentiale, and N. meningitides, and no episode of&lt;br /&gt;
sepsis was registered during the follow-up period.&lt;br /&gt;
Splenectomy was performed at the end of the&lt;br /&gt;
surgical procedure or after having assessed the&lt;br /&gt;
possibility of achieving optimal cytoreduction and,&lt;br /&gt;
as expected, all patients benefited from optimal&lt;br /&gt;
cytoreduction; in addition, 16 patients (67%) had nothe presence of normal CA-125 values and a negative&lt;br /&gt;
CT scan (Fig. 1). Seven patients (29%) had a preoperative&lt;br /&gt;
diagnosis of multiple lesions. In none of the&lt;br /&gt;
patients was carcinomatosis suspected preoperatively.&lt;br /&gt;
Surgical Findings&lt;br /&gt;
All patients were subjected to diagnostic laparoscopy&lt;br /&gt;
before laparotomy. Surgical findings andwere alive with clinical evidence of disease after a&lt;br /&gt;
median time of 32 months (range: 22 45 months),&lt;br /&gt;
and seven patients died of disease after a median time&lt;br /&gt;
of 21 months (range: 5 56 months). Median progression-&lt;br /&gt;
free and overall survival from secondary&lt;br /&gt;
surgery were 34 and 56 months, respectively (Fig. 3).&lt;br /&gt;
All six patients with isolated intraparenchymal&lt;br /&gt;
spleen recurrence were alive and disease-free with the&lt;br /&gt;
writing of this article (median follow-up: 27.5, range:&lt;br /&gt;
11 100 months).&lt;br /&gt;
Survival rate was significantly longer in patients&lt;br /&gt;
who were completely cytoreduced (RT = 0) than in&lt;br /&gt;
those who were not (estimated 3-year OS: 91 vs. 62.5%,&lt;br /&gt;
P = 0.002). Moreover, survival rate was significantly&lt;br /&gt;
related to DFI (&amp;gt;12 months vs. £12 months; estimated&lt;br /&gt;
3-year OS: 100 vs. 50%, P = 0.002), consolidation&lt;br /&gt;
chemotherapy (no consolidation vs.&lt;br /&gt;
intraperitoneal paclitaxel; estimated 3-year OS: 100 vs.&lt;br /&gt;
65%, P = 0.003), and chemotherapy after splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;
(platinum-based vs. non-platinum based; estimated&lt;br /&gt;
3-year OS: 100 vs. 51%, P = 0.03). Age,Survival Data&lt;br /&gt;
Of the 24 patients identified (median follow-up: 30&lt;br /&gt;
months; range: 5 100 months), 13 patients were still&lt;br /&gt;
alive with no evidence of disease after a median time&lt;br /&gt;
of 33 months (range: 9 100 months), four patientsresidual disease at primary surgery, CA-125, number&lt;br /&gt;
of lesions, and carcinomatosis did not alter the&lt;br /&gt;
survival rates significantly.&lt;br /&gt;
CONCLUSIONS&lt;br /&gt;
Splenectomy during secondary cytoreduction&lt;br /&gt;
appears to be a feasible and safe procedure and may&lt;br /&gt;
be associated with long-term survival. It should be&lt;br /&gt;
noted that the patients analyzed in this report represent&lt;br /&gt;
a subgroup of patients with a long disease-free&lt;br /&gt;
interval and chemotherapy-responding tumors and&lt;br /&gt;
who had achieved optimal residual disease at primary&lt;br /&gt;
surgery. In addition, splenectomy during secondary&lt;br /&gt;
surgery was performed only in patients who were&lt;br /&gt;
judged to be optimally cytoreducible at laparoscopy.&lt;br /&gt;
As expected, surgical difficulty, using operative&lt;br /&gt;
time and estimated blood loss as surrogate markers,&lt;br /&gt;
was significantly greater for patients with multiple&lt;br /&gt;
lesions than with patients affected by solitary lesions.&lt;br /&gt;
The severe perioperative complication rate was low in&lt;br /&gt;
both groups. Unfortunately, a high proportion (8/17,&lt;br /&gt;
47%) of those patients with preoperative diagnosis of&lt;br /&gt;
solitary lesions were found to have multiple lesions&lt;br /&gt;
and, therefore, it was not possible to determine surgical&lt;br /&gt;
difficulty preoperatively; this development&lt;br /&gt;
highlights the necessity for such patients to be treated&lt;br /&gt;
in referral oncology centers.&lt;br /&gt;
Survival rate was affected by residual tumor at&lt;br /&gt;
secondary cytoreduction (0 vs. 0.5 cm), DFI (&lt;12 br=&quot;&quot;&gt;months vs. &amp;gt;12 months), consolidation chemotherapy&lt;br /&gt;(no consolidation vs. intraperitoneal paclitaxel),&lt;br /&gt;and adjuvant chemotherapy after splenectomy (platinum-&lt;br /&gt;based vs. non-platinum-based chemotherapy).&lt;br /&gt;The prognostic relevance of RT,6,12 DFI,13 and type&lt;br /&gt;of chemotherapy14 has already been described in&lt;br /&gt;previous reports. Consolidation chemotherapy&lt;br /&gt;has been demonstrated to improve progression-free&lt;br /&gt;survival in phase III trials.15 It is possible that the&lt;br /&gt;negative association between consolidation chemotherapy&lt;br /&gt;and survival in the present report was caused&lt;br /&gt;by a physician bias that resulted, at the end of standard&lt;br /&gt;adjuvant chemotherapy, in only patients with&lt;br /&gt;negative prognostic factors (i.e., residual tumor, histotype,&lt;br /&gt;tumor grading) being treated with intraperitoneal&lt;br /&gt;paclitaxel. In the present series, however, we&lt;br /&gt;were unable to identify such factors, although the&lt;br /&gt;retrospective nature of the trial does not allow us to&lt;br /&gt;exclude completely this hypothesis. An alternative&lt;br /&gt;hypothesis is that micrometastases that persist after&lt;br /&gt;intraperitoneal paclitaxel are biologically more&lt;br /&gt;aggressive.&lt;br /&gt;Spleen involvement in ovarian cancer has been&lt;br /&gt;reported to be as high as 20%16. The spleen can be&lt;br /&gt;involved either as a solitary lesion,10,11 or, more&lt;br /&gt;frequently, as part of extensive carcinomatosis of&lt;br /&gt;the upper abdomen. Only a small number of trials&lt;br /&gt;9,11,17 31have addressed the issue of splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;during ovarian cancer surgery, and only a few of these&lt;br /&gt;have included patients being subjected to secondary&lt;br /&gt;cytoreduction.9,17,20,23,25,27,30&lt;br /&gt;Deppe et al.17 reported the first case of splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;during secondary cytoreduction in a patient&lt;br /&gt;who had benefited from a 5-year DFI. This patient&lt;br /&gt;was disease free after 1 year of follow-up; however,&lt;br /&gt;no further information is available on the longer&lt;br /&gt;follow-up. Morris et al.20 analyzed the indications&lt;br /&gt;and complications associated with splenectomy in 45&lt;br /&gt;patients. In their study, 24 patients underwent splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;during ovarian cancer cytoreduction, 15 of&lt;br /&gt;whom as secondary cytoreduction. The overall complication&lt;br /&gt;rate was 29% with one postoperative death.&lt;br /&gt;Nicklin et al.23 reported results obtained in 18 patients&lt;br /&gt;who had been subjected to splenectomy during&lt;br /&gt;surgical cytoreduction, with 11, one, one, and five&lt;br /&gt;patients undergoing a splenectomy during primary&lt;br /&gt;cytoreduction, interval debulking surgery, secondlook&lt;br /&gt;laparotomy, and secondary cytoreduction,&lt;br /&gt;respectively. Four patients of the latter group were&lt;br /&gt;affected by recurrent ovarian cancer, whereas the&lt;br /&gt;remaining patient was affected by fallopian tube&lt;br /&gt;cancer. Splenectomy was performed in 13 cases for&lt;br /&gt;parenchymal, hilar, or capsular disease. Residual&lt;br /&gt;disease was £5 mm in ten patients. Intraoperative&lt;br /&gt;complications included pancreatic tail lesions in four&lt;br /&gt;cases. The mean operating time was 368 minutes&lt;br /&gt;(range: 180 560 minutes), and mean estimated blood&lt;br /&gt;loss was 1578 (400 2800) ml. Of the 18 patients&lt;br /&gt;undergoing this procedure, 11 had died of disease at a&lt;br /&gt;median time of 12.0 months postoperatively (range:&lt;br /&gt;5 59.5 months); five patients were alive with disease&lt;br /&gt;at a median time of 8 months postoperatively (range:&lt;br /&gt;2 16 months); two patients were alive with no clinical&lt;br /&gt;evidence of disease at 2.5 months of follow-up.&lt;br /&gt;When the patients of our series are compared to those&lt;br /&gt;of Nicklin et al., our achievement of optimal residual&lt;br /&gt;disease and survival data would appear to be superior.&lt;br /&gt;In addition, the surgical time and blood loss&lt;br /&gt;reported by Nickin et al. appear to be higher (mean&lt;br /&gt;operative time and mean operative blood loss in the&lt;br /&gt;present series were 180 ± 108 minutes and&lt;br /&gt;735 ± 401ml, respectively). This large discrepancy&lt;br /&gt;between our results and those reported by Nicklin&lt;br /&gt;et al. is likely due to the completely different study&lt;br /&gt;cohorts in these studies; in fact, only five out of the 18ml, respectively. The median postoperative stay was&lt;br /&gt;6 days (4 9 days). It would seem that the increase in&lt;br /&gt;surgical time obtained in the series reported by Chi&lt;br /&gt;et al. is a minor disadvantage when compared with&lt;br /&gt;the significant decrease in blood loss and postoperative&lt;br /&gt;stay. If, as the authors stated, these results will be&lt;br /&gt;confirmed in larger series, it is hopeful that laparoscopy&lt;br /&gt;or hand-assisted laparoscopy will become&lt;br /&gt;standard surgery carried out in such patients.&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion, splenectomy during secondary&lt;br /&gt;cytoreduction is a feasible and safe procedure. This&lt;br /&gt;analysis confirms that patients affected by isolated&lt;br /&gt;intraparenchymal lesions benefit from long-term&lt;br /&gt;disease-free survival. Selected patients may benefit&lt;br /&gt;from secondary cytoreduction even when aggressive&lt;br /&gt;surgery of the upper abdomen is required.&lt;br /&gt;REFERENCES&lt;br /&gt;1. Jemal A, Tiwari RC, Murray T, et al. Cancer statistics, 2004.&lt;br /&gt;CA Cancer J Clin 2004; 54:8 29.&lt;br /&gt;2. Griffiths CT. Surgical resection of tumor bulk in the primary&lt;br /&gt;treatment of ovarian carcinoma. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr&lt;br /&gt;1975; 42:101 104.&lt;br /&gt;3. Bristow RE, Tomacruz RS, Armstrong DK, Trimble EL,&lt;br /&gt;Monz FJ. Survival effect of maximal cytoreductive surgery for&lt;br /&gt;advanced ovarian carcinoma during platinum era: a metaanalysis.&lt;br /&gt;J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:1248 1259.&lt;br /&gt;4. Rubin SC, Hoskins WJ, Hakes TB, Markman M, Cain JM,&lt;br /&gt;Lewis JL Jr. Recurrence after negative second-look laparotomy&lt;br /&gt;for ovarian cancer: analysis of risk factors. Am J Obstet&lt;br /&gt;Gynecol 1988; 159:1094 1098.&lt;br /&gt;5. Gordon AN, Fleagle JT, Guthrie D, Parkin DE, Gore ME,&lt;br /&gt;Lacave A. Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized&lt;br /&gt;phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus&lt;br /&gt;topotecan. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:3312 3322.&lt;br /&gt;6. Eisenkop SM, Friedman RL, Spirtos NM. The role of secondary&lt;br /&gt;cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of patients with&lt;br /&gt;recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 2000;&lt;br /&gt;88:144 153.&lt;br /&gt;7. Munkarah A, Levenback C, Wolf JK, et al. Secondary cytoreductive&lt;br /&gt;surgery for localized intra-abdominal recurrences in&lt;br /&gt;epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81:237 241.&lt;br /&gt;8. Morris M, Gershenson DM, Wharton JT, Copeland LJ, Edwards&lt;br /&gt;CL, Stringer CA. Secondary cytoreductive surgery for&lt;br /&gt;recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1989;&lt;br /&gt;34:334 338.&lt;br /&gt;9. Chen LM, Leuchter RS, Lagasse LD, Karlan BY. Splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;and surgical cytoreduction for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol&lt;br /&gt;2000; 77:362 368.&lt;br /&gt;10. Carrington BM, Thomas NB, Johnson RJ. Intrasplenic&lt;br /&gt;metastases from carcinoma of the ovary. Clin Radiol 1990;&lt;br /&gt;41:418.&lt;br /&gt;11. Minagawa Y, Kanamori Y, Ishihara H, et al. Solitary metastatic&lt;br /&gt;ovarian carcinoma of the spleen: a case report. Asia&lt;br /&gt;Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 17:45 48.&lt;br /&gt;12. Zang RY, Li ZT, Tang J, et al. Secondary cytoreductive surgery&lt;br /&gt;for patients with relapsed epithelial ovarian carcinoma:&lt;br /&gt;who benefits? Cancer 2004; 100:1152 1161.&lt;br /&gt;13. Gadducci A, Iacconi P, Cosio S, Fanucchi A, Cristofani R,&lt;br /&gt;Genazzani A. Complete salvage surgical cytoreduction improves&lt;br /&gt;further survival of patients with late recurrent ovarian&lt;br /&gt;cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 79:344 349.&lt;br /&gt;14. Cantu MG, Buda A, Parma G, et al. Randomized controlled&lt;br /&gt;trial of single-agent paclitaxel versus cyclophosphamide,&lt;br /&gt;doxorubicin, and cisplatin in patients with recurrent ovarian&lt;br /&gt;cancer who responded to first-line platinum-based regimens. J&lt;br /&gt;Clin Oncol 2002; 20:1232 1237.&lt;br /&gt;15. Markman M, Liu PY, Wilczynski S, et al. Phase III randomized&lt;br /&gt;trial of 12 versus 3 months of maintenance paclitaxel in&lt;br /&gt;patients with advanced ovarian cancer after complete response&lt;br /&gt;to platinum and paclitaxel-based chemotherapy: a Southwest&lt;br /&gt;Oncology Group and Gynecologic Oncology Group trial. J&lt;br /&gt;Clin Oncol 2003; 21:2460 2465.&lt;br /&gt;16. Rose PG, Piver MS, Tsukada Y, Lau TS. Metastatic patterns&lt;br /&gt;in histologic variants of ovarian cancer. An autopsy study.&lt;br /&gt;Cancer 1989; 64:1508 1513.&lt;br /&gt;17. Deppe G, Zbella EA, Skogerson K, Dumitru I. The rare&lt;br /&gt;indication for splenectomy as part of cytoreductive surgery in&lt;br /&gt;ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1983; 16:282 287.&lt;br /&gt;18. Malfetano JH. Splenectomy for optimal cytoreduction in&lt;br /&gt;ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1986; 24:392 394.&lt;br /&gt;19. Sonnendecker EW, Guidozzi F, Margolius KA. Splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;during primary maximal cytoreductive surgery for epithelial&lt;br /&gt;ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1989; 35:301 306.&lt;br /&gt;20. Morris M, Gershenson DM, Burke TW, Wharton JT, Copeland&lt;br /&gt;LJ, Rutledge FN. Splenectomy in gynecologic oncology:&lt;br /&gt;indications, complications, and technique. Gynecol Oncol 1991;&lt;br /&gt;43:118 122.&lt;br /&gt;21. Nelson BE, Rose PG, Reale FR. Isolated parenchymal splenic&lt;br /&gt;metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1993;&lt;br /&gt;50:124 127.&lt;br /&gt;22. Farias-Eisner R, Braly P, Berek JS. Solitary recurrent metastasis&lt;br /&gt;of epithelial ovarian cancer in the spleen. Gynecol Oncol&lt;br /&gt;1993; 48:338 341.&lt;br /&gt;23. Nicklin JL, Copeland LJ, O Toole RV, Lewandowski GS,&lt;br /&gt;Vaccarello L, Havenar LP. Splenectomy as part of cytoreductive&lt;br /&gt;surgery for ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1995;&lt;br /&gt;58:244 247.&lt;br /&gt;24. Balat O, Verschraegen C, Erbilen M, et al. Recurrence of&lt;br /&gt;ovarian cancer as a delayed solitary parenchymal splenic&lt;br /&gt;metastasis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1996; 6:496 498.&lt;br /&gt;25. Scarabelli C, Gallo A, Campagnutta E, Carbone A. Splenectomy&lt;br /&gt;during primary and secondary cytoreductive surgery for&lt;br /&gt;epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1998;&lt;br /&gt;8:215 221.&lt;br /&gt;26. Gemignani ML, Chi DS, Gurin CC, Curtin JP, Barakat RR.&lt;br /&gt;Splenectomy in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol&lt;br /&gt;Oncol 1999; 72:407 410.&lt;br /&gt;27. Lee SS, Morgenstern L, Phillips EH, Hiatt JR, Margulies DR.&lt;br /&gt;Splenectomy for splenic metastases: a changing clinical spectrum.&lt;br /&gt;Am Surg 2000; 66:837 840.&lt;br /&gt;28. Lauro S, Trasatti L, Capalbo C, et al. Solitary splenic recurrence&lt;br /&gt;of epithelial ovarian cancer: a case report and review.&lt;br /&gt;Anticancer Res 2002; 22:3643 3645.&lt;br /&gt;29. Ayhan A, Al RA, Baykal C, Demirtas E, Ayhan A, Yuce K.&lt;br /&gt;The influence of splenic metastases on survival in FIGO stage&lt;br /&gt;IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2004;&lt;br /&gt;14:51 56.&lt;br /&gt;30. Chi DS, Abu-Rustum NR, Sonoda Y, et al. Laparoscopic&lt;br /&gt;and hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy for recurrent&lt;br /&gt;and persistent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006;&lt;br /&gt;101:224 227.&lt;br /&gt;31. Eisenkop SM, Spirtos NM, Lin WC. Splenectomy in the&lt;br /&gt;context of primary cytoreductive operations for advanced&lt;br /&gt;epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 100:344 348.&lt;!--12--&gt;&lt;!--12--&gt;&lt;!--12--&gt;&lt;/12&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/8773422391321774823/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/splenectomy-during-secondary.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8773422391321774823'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/8773422391321774823'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/splenectomy-during-secondary.html' title='Splenectomy During Secondary Cytoreduction for Ovarian'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-4877513664393102832</id><published>2008-12-31T18:25:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:55:52.681-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="HEALTH CARE"/><title type='text'>CANCER DISEASE</title><content type='html'>&lt;h1 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;CANCER DISEASE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;INTEGRATIVE MODELLING APPROACHES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
Helen M. Byrne, Markus R. Owen∗,&lt;br /&gt;
Centre for Mathematical Medicine,&lt;br /&gt;
School of Mathematical Sciences,&lt;br /&gt;
University of Nottingham,&lt;br /&gt;
Nottingham NG7 2RD,&lt;br /&gt;
England,&lt;br /&gt;
Tomas Alarcon† and Philip K. Maini,&lt;br /&gt;
Centre for Mathematical Biology,&lt;br /&gt;
Mathematical Institute,&lt;br /&gt;
24-29 St Giles’,&lt;br /&gt;
Oxford OX1 3LB,&lt;br /&gt;
England.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
ABSTRACT&lt;br /&gt;
Cancer is a complex disease in which a variety of phenomena&lt;br /&gt;
interact over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In&lt;br /&gt;
this article a theoretical framework will be introduced that is&lt;br /&gt;
capable of linking together such processes to produce a detailed&lt;br /&gt;
model of vascular tumour growth. The model is formulated&lt;br /&gt;
as a hybrid cellular automaton and contains submodels&lt;br /&gt;
that describe subcellular, cellular and tissue level features.&lt;br /&gt;
Model simulations will be presented to illustrate the effect&lt;br /&gt;
that coupling between these different elements has on the tumour’s&lt;br /&gt;
evolution and its response to chemotherapy.&lt;br /&gt;
1. INTRODUCTION&lt;br /&gt;
Cancer is a complex and insidious disease in which controls&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ5v6ShZkQ4v3l-4WIBegN-yUkKNyyP8YRAh1QoMT8TeOq9aes6NQ&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ5v6ShZkQ4v3l-4WIBegN-yUkKNyyP8YRAh1QoMT8TeOq9aes6NQ&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
designed to regulate growth and maintain homeostasis become&lt;br /&gt;
disrupted. It is frequently initiated by genetic mutations&lt;br /&gt;
that increase the net rate of cell division and lead to the formation&lt;br /&gt;
of a small avascular lesion. Successful angiogenesis (i.e.&lt;br /&gt;
the formation and ingrowth of a network of new blood vessels&lt;br /&gt;
to the tumour) is needed before the extensive and rapid growth&lt;br /&gt;
associated with vascularised tumours can occur. To confound&lt;br /&gt;
matters, the processes involved in tumour growth are interlinked&lt;br /&gt;
and act over a wide spectrum of spatial and temporal&lt;br /&gt;
scales: the spatial scales of interest range from the subcellular&lt;br /&gt;
level, to the cellular and macroscopic levels while the&lt;br /&gt;
timescales may vary from seconds (or less) for signal transduction&lt;br /&gt;
pathways to months for tumour doubling times.&lt;br /&gt;
The advent of increasingly sophisticated technology means&lt;br /&gt;
that it is now possible to collect experimental data associated&lt;br /&gt;
with the spatial and temporal scales of interest. This is creating&lt;br /&gt;
a demand for new theoretical models that have the capacity&lt;br /&gt;
to integrate such data in a meaningful manner and are&lt;br /&gt;
∗The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the&lt;br /&gt;
EPSRC under grants GR/5090067, GR/S72023/01 and AF/00067.&lt;br /&gt;
†The third author is currently based at the Bioinformatics Unit, Department&lt;br /&gt;
of Computer Science, University College London, Gower Street, London&lt;br /&gt;
WC1E 6BT, England.&lt;br /&gt;
able to address the fundamental problem of how phenomena&lt;br /&gt;
at different spatial scales are coupled.&lt;br /&gt;
In this paper we review our recent progress in developing&lt;br /&gt;
a mathematical model for studying vascular tumour growth&lt;br /&gt;
that is capable of integrating phenomena that act on different&lt;br /&gt;
scales [1]. Our theoretical framework extends earlier work&lt;br /&gt;
by Gatenby and coworkers [2] and links submodels which&lt;br /&gt;
describe processes operating on different spatial scales. In&lt;br /&gt;
section 2 we introduce our hybrid cellular automaton, before&lt;br /&gt;
presenting numerical results in section 3. The simulations illustrate&lt;br /&gt;
how the coupling between the submodels influences&lt;br /&gt;
the tumour’s evolution and its response to chemotherapy. We&lt;br /&gt;
conclude in section 4 with a summary of our results and a&lt;br /&gt;
discussion of possible directions for future research.&lt;br /&gt;
2. MODEL FORMULATION&lt;br /&gt;
In this section we introduce our multiscale model of vascular&lt;br /&gt;
tumour growth. It accounts for a variety of inter-related phenomena&lt;br /&gt;
that operate on vastly different space and time scales.&lt;br /&gt;
We consider a vasculature composed of a regular hexagonal&lt;br /&gt;
network embedded in a two-dimensional NxN lattice composed&lt;br /&gt;
of normal cells, cancer cells and empty space. Progress&lt;br /&gt;
through the cell cycle and the production of proteins such&lt;br /&gt;
as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that stimulate&lt;br /&gt;
angiogenesis are incorporated at the subcellular level using&lt;br /&gt;
ODE models. Cell-cell communication and competition for&lt;br /&gt;
resources are included at the cellular level through rules that&lt;br /&gt;
define our cellular automaton. At the tissue scale, reactiondiffusion&lt;br /&gt;
equations model the diffusion, production and uptake&lt;br /&gt;
of oxygen and VEGF: the vessels are regarded as sources&lt;br /&gt;
(sinks) of oxygen (VEGF) and the cells as sinks (sources)&lt;br /&gt;
of oxygen (VEGF). Blood flow and vascular adaptation are&lt;br /&gt;
also included at the tissue scale (see Figure 1). We impose&lt;br /&gt;
a pressure drop across the vasculature, assuming that blood&lt;br /&gt;
flows into the idealised “tissue” through a single inlet vessel&lt;br /&gt;
and drains out through a single outlet vessel. We use the&lt;br /&gt;
Poiseuille approximation and compute the flow rates through,&lt;br /&gt;
and pressure drops across, each vessel using Kirchoff’s laws.&lt;br /&gt;
The vessel radii are updated using a structural adaptation law&lt;br /&gt;
similar to that proposed by Pries et al. [3] (for details, see&lt;br /&gt;
[1]).&lt;br /&gt;
Thus themodel is formulated as a hybrid cellular automata,&lt;br /&gt;
with different submodels describing behaviour at the subcellular,&lt;br /&gt;
cellular and macroscopic (or vascular) levels (see Figure&lt;br /&gt;
1). Coupling between the different submodels is achieved in&lt;br /&gt;
several ways. For example, local oxygen levels which are determined&lt;br /&gt;
at the macroscale influence both progress through&lt;br /&gt;
the cell cycle and VEGF production at the subcellular level.&lt;br /&gt;
Conversely, the intracellular production of VEGF modulates&lt;br /&gt;
vascular adaptation at the macroscale and this, in turn, controls&lt;br /&gt;
oxygen delivery to the tissue. We stress that the submodels&lt;br /&gt;
we use simply illustrate how such a multiscale model can&lt;br /&gt;
be assembled: the framework we present is general, with considerable&lt;br /&gt;
scope for incorporatingmore realistic (i.e. complex)&lt;br /&gt;
submodels. This raises the important issue of how the level&lt;br /&gt;
of detail incorporated at each spatial scale influences the system’s&lt;br /&gt;
behaviour: this will form the basis of future research.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;NUMERICAL RESULTS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
3.1. Vascular adaptation influences tumour growth&lt;br /&gt;
In Figure 2 we present simulations that illustrate the importance&lt;br /&gt;
of accurately modelling blood flow through the tissue.&lt;br /&gt;
The upper panels correspond to a case for which the vessels&lt;br /&gt;
undergo structural adaptation and, hence, oxygen is distributed&lt;br /&gt;
nonuniformly across the tissue. The lower panels&lt;br /&gt;
show how the system evolves when oxygen is distributed uniformly&lt;br /&gt;
throughout the vessels (i.e. blood flow is identical in&lt;br /&gt;
all branches of the vasculature). We see that spatial heterogeneity&lt;br /&gt;
has a significant effect on the tumour’s dynamics and,that if the oxygen distribution is heterogeneous then the tumour&lt;br /&gt;
has “finger-like” protrusions similar to those observed&lt;br /&gt;
in invasive cancers. This structure arises here simply because&lt;br /&gt;
of the spatial heterogeneity in the nutrient distribution. Indeed,&lt;br /&gt;
closer inspection reveals that several parts of the tumour&lt;br /&gt;
have almost “broken away”. While this cannot actually happen&lt;br /&gt;
in the current model because cell motion is neglected, we&lt;br /&gt;
speculate that by allowing cell movement towards nutrientrich&lt;br /&gt;
regions, this may act as a mechanism for metastasis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Fig. 2. Series of images showing the spatial distribution of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;cells for growth in inhomogeneous&lt;/span&gt; (panel a), and homogeneous&lt;br /&gt;
environments (panels c). In panels (a) and (c) cancer&lt;br /&gt;
cells occupy white spaces and vessels occupy a hexagonal arrray&lt;br /&gt;
denoted by black spaces. The other black spaces denote&lt;br /&gt;
”empty spaces”. Panels (b) and (d) show the time evolution of&lt;br /&gt;
the number of (cancer) cells for the heterogeneous and homogeneous&lt;br /&gt;
cases, respectively: squares denote the total number&lt;br /&gt;
of cancer cells (proliferating + quiescent); diamonds denote&lt;br /&gt;
quiescent cells. Reproduced with permission from [1].&lt;br /&gt;
3.2. Impact of VEGF on the tumour’s growth dynamics&lt;br /&gt;
The simulation presented in Figures 3 to 5 shows how coupling&lt;br /&gt;
intracellular and macroscale phenomena can influence&lt;br /&gt;
the dynamics of both the vasculature and the tumour. In contrast&lt;br /&gt;
to the results depicted in Figure 2, where vessel adaptation&lt;br /&gt;
was independent of VEGF, in Figures 3 to 5 it is regulated&lt;br /&gt;
by local VEGF levels. Figures 3 and 4 show how the tumour’s&lt;br /&gt;
spatial composition evolves while figure 5 summarises its dynamics.&lt;br /&gt;
Since there is a single inlet (outlet) to the vasculature&lt;br /&gt;
located in the bottom left (top right) hand corner of the tissue,&lt;br /&gt;
the incoming blood flow and haematocrit become diluted as&lt;br /&gt;
they pass through the hexagonal lattice. This creates a het-&lt;br /&gt;
in this case, actually reduces the tumour burden. We note al&lt;br /&gt;
erogeneous oxygen distribution across the domain, with oxygen&lt;br /&gt;
levels being highest near the inlet and outlet. Over time,&lt;br /&gt;
the tumour cells proliferate and spread through the tissue towards&lt;br /&gt;
oxygen-rich regions. As they increase in number, their&lt;br /&gt;
demand for oxygen outstrips that available from the vasculature,&lt;br /&gt;
and quiescent regions form. These cells produce VEGF&lt;br /&gt;
which diffuses through the tissue (see Figures 3 and 4), stimulating&lt;br /&gt;
vessel adaptation and biasing blood flow towards low&lt;br /&gt;
oxygen regions. If the VEGF stimulus is weak then the vasculature&lt;br /&gt;
does not adapt quickly enough and the quiescent cells&lt;br /&gt;
die (this is what happens at early times in figure 5). VEGF&lt;br /&gt;
levels also decline and blood flow to the remaining tumour&lt;br /&gt;
cells rises, enabling them to increase in number until the demand&lt;br /&gt;
for oxygen once again exceeds that being supplied, and&lt;br /&gt;
so the cycle repeats, with pronounced oscillations in the number&lt;br /&gt;
of quiescent cells (see Figure 5). In order to highlight the&lt;br /&gt;
key role played by VEGF in creating these oscillations, also&lt;br /&gt;
presented in Figure 5 are the results of a simulation which&lt;br /&gt;
was identical in all respects except that vascular adaptation&lt;br /&gt;
was independent of VEGF (as per Figure 2). In both cases,&lt;br /&gt;
the tumours grow to similar sizes. However, when vascular&lt;br /&gt;
adaptation is independent of VEGF the evolution is monotonic,&lt;br /&gt;
the oscillations in the cell populations disappear and the&lt;br /&gt;
number of quiescent cells is consistently much lower. These&lt;br /&gt;
results show howcoupling between the different spatial scales&lt;br /&gt;
can effect not only the tumour’s growth dynamics but also the&lt;br /&gt;
proportion of proliferating and quiescent cells that it contains.Fig. 3. Series of plots showing how a small tumour introduced&lt;br /&gt;
into a vascular tissue at t = 0 has evolved at t = 30&lt;br /&gt;
(dimensionless time unit). While the oxygen and vessel profiles&lt;br /&gt;
remain unchanged from their initial configurations, the&lt;br /&gt;
tumour has increased in size and now contains quiescent cells&lt;br /&gt;
which produce trace amounts of VEGF. Reproduced with permission&lt;br /&gt;
from [4].Fig. 4. Series of plots showing how the simulation presented&lt;br /&gt;
in figure 3 has developed at t = 90. The tumour continues&lt;br /&gt;
to penetrate the tissue region. There are now enough quiescent&lt;br /&gt;
cells to elicit an angiogenic response. As a result, the&lt;br /&gt;
vasculature has been remodelled, with blood flow and oxygen&lt;br /&gt;
supply (haematocrit) being directed primarily towards the tumour&lt;br /&gt;
mass. Reproduced with permission from [4].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Response to chemotherapy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
We now investigate how the system’s dynamics change when&lt;br /&gt;
a chemotherapeutic drug is introduced. We assume that the&lt;br /&gt;
drug is continuously administered to the vessels and, hence,&lt;br /&gt;
that its concentration at the inlet vessel is constant. We calculate&lt;br /&gt;
the drug concentration within and outside the vessels inFig. 5. Series of curves showing how, for the simulation in&lt;br /&gt;
figures 3 and 4 the numbers of proliferating (upper panel),&lt;br /&gt;
quiescent tumour cells (middle panel) and total number of tumour&lt;br /&gt;
cells (lower panel) change over time. While the number&lt;br /&gt;
of proliferating cells increases steadily, the number of quiescent&lt;br /&gt;
cells undergoes oscillations of increasing amplitude until&lt;br /&gt;
t ≈ 120. Thereafter, the tumour is sufficiently large that&lt;br /&gt;
the quiescent cells are never eliminated: quiescent cells that&lt;br /&gt;
die are replaced by proliferating cells that become quiescent.&lt;br /&gt;
The dot-dashed lines show the evolution of a tumour which is&lt;br /&gt;
identical except that its vasculature is not regulated by VEGF.&lt;br /&gt;
While both tumours reach similar equilibrium sizes, when&lt;br /&gt;
vascular adaptation is independent of VEGF the oscillations&lt;br /&gt;
in the cell populations disappear and the number of quiescent&lt;br /&gt;
cells is much lower. Reproduced with permission from [4].&lt;br /&gt;
4. DISCUSSION&lt;br /&gt;
We have presented a hybrid cellular automaton model of vascular&lt;br /&gt;
tumour growth and shown how it may be used to study&lt;br /&gt;
the manner in which interactions between subcellular, cellular&lt;br /&gt;
and macroscale phenomena affect the tumour’s growth dynamics&lt;br /&gt;
and its response to chemotherapy. We stress that the&lt;br /&gt;
submodels we have used to describe the different processes&lt;br /&gt;
are highly idealised and chosen simply to illustrate the potential&lt;br /&gt;
value of such a multiscale model as a predictive tool to&lt;br /&gt;
test experimental hypotheses and to integrate different types&lt;br /&gt;
of experimental data. There is considerable scope for incorporatingmore&lt;br /&gt;
realistic submodels and specialising the system&lt;br /&gt;
to describe specific tumour types. For example, we are currently&lt;br /&gt;
engaged in a large interdisciplinary project which aims&lt;br /&gt;
to build a virtual model of the early stages of colorectal cancer&lt;br /&gt;
(details at: http://www.integrativebiology.ox.ac.uk ).&lt;br /&gt;
Key challenges raised by our simulations that lie at the&lt;br /&gt;
heart of such integrative modelling concern the level of detail&lt;br /&gt;
incorporated at each spatial scale, the mathematical approaches&lt;br /&gt;
used and model validation. For example, in this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Series of curves showing how the tumour’s overall&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
dynamics change when it is treated with two blood-borne&lt;br /&gt;
chemotherapeutic agents that differ only in their extravasation&lt;br /&gt;
rates. For each simulation, we plot the numbers of proliferating&lt;br /&gt;
and quiescent tumour cells and the total number of tumour&lt;br /&gt;
cells evolve over time. Key: hθ = 0 (control, drug-free case,&lt;br /&gt;
as per figure 5), solid line; hθ = 90 (moderate drug), dashed&lt;br /&gt;
line; hθ = 100 (highly permeable and effective drug), dotted&lt;br /&gt;
line. Reproduced with permission from [4].&lt;br /&gt;
article we chose to use a combination of differential equations&lt;br /&gt;
and cellular automata to construct our virtual tumour.&lt;br /&gt;
It remains an open question whether the predicted behaviour&lt;br /&gt;
would change if we replaced our (subcellular) ODE models&lt;br /&gt;
with Boolean networks and/or the cellular automata with&lt;br /&gt;
agent-based models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;REFERENCES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;1] T. Alarc´on, H.M. Byrne, and P.K. Maini, “A muliple scale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;model for tumour growth,” SIAM J. Multiscale Mod. &amp;amp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Sim., vol. 3, pp. 440–475, 2005.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;[2] A.A. Patel, E.T. Gawlinsky, S.K. Lemieux, and R.A.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Gatenby, “Cellular automaton model of early tumour&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;growth and invasion: the effects of native tissue vascularity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;and increased anaerobic tumour metabolism,” J.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Theor. Biol., vol. 213, pp. 315–331, 2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;[3] A.R. Pries, T.W. Secomb, and P. Gaehtgens, “Structural&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;adaptation and stability of microvascular networks: theory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;and simulations,” Am. J. Physiol., vol. 275, pp.H349–&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;H360, 1998.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;[4] H.M. Byrne, M.R. Owen, T. Alarc´on, J. Murphy, and&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;P.K. Maini (in press), “Modelling the response of vascular&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;tumours to chemotherapy: a multiscale approach,”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci., 2005.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/4877513664393102832/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/cancer-disease.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4877513664393102832'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/4877513664393102832'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/cancer-disease.html' title='CANCER DISEASE'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7157624489712531245.post-600178884525908459</id><published>2008-12-20T22:09:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2013-07-27T10:57:04.123-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Chlamydia pneumoniae and Heart Desease"/><title type='text'>Chlamydia pneumoniae and Heart Desease</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Chlamydia pneumoniae and Heart Desease&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction&lt;br /&gt;
The discovery of disease associations of the&lt;br /&gt;
Chlamydia strain TW-183 in 1985 led to speculation on&lt;br /&gt;
its ability to cause chronic inflammations typical for&lt;br /&gt;
other Chlamydia species. Since this agent causes&lt;br /&gt;
about 10% of all pneumonias, its association with&lt;br /&gt;
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and&lt;br /&gt;
sarcoidosis was logical. Totally unexpected however,&lt;br /&gt;
was the association of this respiratory agent, now&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a 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&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;called C. pneumoniae, with acute myocardial infarc-tion&lt;br /&gt;
and chronic coronary heart disease.&lt;br /&gt;
The alert came in 1988, when paired serum&lt;br /&gt;
samples, collected during acute myocardial infarction&lt;br /&gt;
episodes, showed a seroconversion against an epitope&lt;br /&gt;
of chlamydial lipolysaharide (LPS). This seroconversion&lt;br /&gt;
was examined in patients with chronic coronary hearth&lt;br /&gt;
disease (CHD), but in both patient groups elevated&lt;br /&gt;
antibody titers against C. pneumoniae were found&lt;br /&gt;
when compared to healthy matched controls. It was&lt;br /&gt;
suggested that chronic CHD patients had a chronic C.&lt;br /&gt;
peumoniae infection and acute myocardial infarction&lt;br /&gt;
was associated with an acute exacerbation of thisinfection (1). Later on, the rises of titers of antibodies&lt;br /&gt;
against chlamydial LPS were sugegested to be due to&lt;br /&gt;
relese of the antigen from damaged areas leading to a&lt;br /&gt;
subsequent temporal drop in titers when immune&lt;br /&gt;
complexes are formed with circulating antibodies (2).&lt;br /&gt;
The seroepidemiological association has been&lt;br /&gt;
verified in well over hundred studies in many laborato-ries&lt;br /&gt;
with different methods of serology. However, anti-bodies&lt;br /&gt;
alone, especially of IgG type, seem to be a&lt;br /&gt;
marker of atherosclerosis in common and thus have a&lt;br /&gt;
poor predictive value for cardiac events, which are&lt;br /&gt;
complications of this extremely prevalent disease&lt;br /&gt;
condition. Cross-sectional studies and samples col-lected&lt;br /&gt;
one to five years before infarction from relatively&lt;br /&gt;
young persons give understandably higher risk evalu-ations&lt;br /&gt;
(3). IgA antibodies, with their short half-life time,&lt;br /&gt;
have generally been better predictors of future cardiac&lt;br /&gt;
events than IgG antibodies. Presence of IgA antibodies&lt;br /&gt;
can also be a marker of the shift of immune response&lt;br /&gt;
from the T helper cells type Th1 to Th2 , which is not&lt;br /&gt;
effective against intracellular parasites. One should&lt;br /&gt;
always remember that antibodies alone do not show&lt;br /&gt;
the site of the infection and how active it is. They should&lt;br /&gt;
be combined with inflammation or autoimmunity mark-ers.&lt;br /&gt;
The persistent simultaneous presence of anti- C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae IgA antibodies, elevated markers of sys-temic&lt;br /&gt;
inflammation like elevated hsCRP, and markers&lt;br /&gt;
of autoimmunity like anti- Hsp-60 antibodies, all to-gether&lt;br /&gt;
are associated with a highly elevated risk for&lt;br /&gt;
cardiac event (4).&lt;br /&gt;
Seroepidemiology cannot prove or disprove a&lt;br /&gt;
casual association. The next important finding in these&lt;br /&gt;
studies was the demonstration of the agent directly in&lt;br /&gt;
atheroslerotic lesions, even in some patients without&lt;br /&gt;
antibodies. There are now nearly hundred studies, in&lt;br /&gt;
which the presence of C. pneumoniae in atheroscle-rotic&lt;br /&gt;
plaques has been shown by electron microscopy,&lt;br /&gt;
immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, in&lt;br /&gt;
situ hybridization and culture. Only rarely it has been&lt;br /&gt;
found in healthy areas of arteries. The results vary&lt;br /&gt;
between different laboratories but about half of the&lt;br /&gt;
atherosclerotic plaques have been reported to contain&lt;br /&gt;
C. pneumoniae elementary bodies, antigens or nucleic&lt;br /&gt;
acids. The amount of viable pathogen in this chronic&lt;br /&gt;
process seems to be minimal, which explains negative&lt;br /&gt;
reports from some laboratories (5). On the contrary,&lt;br /&gt;
even claims that all atherosclerotic plaques are in fact&lt;br /&gt;
positive if studied carefully enough, have been pre-sented&lt;br /&gt;
(6). This finding is unique, since among infec-tious&lt;br /&gt;
agents only herpes viruses (citomegalovirus,&lt;br /&gt;
HSV-1) have sometimes been found in atherosclerotic&lt;br /&gt;
plaques (7).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mechanisms of association&lt;br /&gt;
The question is: what is this pathogen doing in&lt;br /&gt;
the plaques? Atherosclerosis is nowadays accepted&lt;br /&gt;
as an inflammatory lession (8). Some consider C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae only as an innocent bystander that has&lt;br /&gt;
achieved entry into plaques carried within inflamma-tory&lt;br /&gt;
cells, which have entered the lesion. Several&lt;br /&gt;
studies have reported circulating monocytes contain-ing&lt;br /&gt;
C. pneumoniae nucleic acid. Evidence supporting&lt;br /&gt;
the active participation of C. pneumoniae in the&lt;br /&gt;
atheroslerotic inflammatory process is steadily accu-mulating&lt;br /&gt;
(9). C. pneumoniae can multiply in the en-dothelial&lt;br /&gt;
and smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall&lt;br /&gt;
and this leads to production of adhezins, cytokines,&lt;br /&gt;
growth and tissue factors. Macrophages turning to&lt;br /&gt;
foam cells are the main cells of atherosclerotic lesions&lt;br /&gt;
(Fig. 1). Moreover, C. pneumoniae infected&lt;br /&gt;
macrophages start to ingest low-density-lipoprotein&lt;br /&gt;
and oxidase it, resulting in formation of foam cells (10).&lt;br /&gt;
Some of these reactions can be induced with purified&lt;br /&gt;
Chlamydia components, like lipopolisaharid (LPS) and&lt;br /&gt;
Chlamydia Hsp-60. In chronic Chlamydia infection,&lt;br /&gt;
Chlamydia Hsp-60 is produced in large amounts and it&lt;br /&gt;
is found in plaques alongside human Hsp60. The&lt;br /&gt;
continuous presence of Chlamydia Hsp60 may even-tually&lt;br /&gt;
lead to autoimmune reaction against human&lt;br /&gt;
Hsp60 due to cross-reactive epitopes shared by these&lt;br /&gt;
highly conserved proteins (9).&lt;br /&gt;
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease. There&lt;br /&gt;
are many risk factors which may be implicated in the&lt;br /&gt;
pathogenesis. Several risk factors may be associated&lt;br /&gt;
with chronic C. pneumoniae infection or may be partly&lt;br /&gt;
its reflection (Table 1). Since the majority of individuals&lt;br /&gt;
are exposed to C. pneumoniae infection during their&lt;br /&gt;
Fig. 1: Electron micrograph of Chlamydia pneumoniae in&lt;br /&gt;
a foam cell in the coronary artery atheroma (A) and in an&lt;br /&gt;
interstitial macrophage of the lung from a mouse inocu-lated&lt;br /&gt;
intranasally with C. pneumoniae (B). Note the typical&lt;br /&gt;
pear-shaped morphology of the elementary body of C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae (arrows); 9,300x magnification (10).lifetime, dose, route of infection and genetic factors&lt;br /&gt;
from both, the host and the pathogen may determine&lt;br /&gt;
the final outcome. The frequent persistence of C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae in the lungs of even apparently healthy&lt;br /&gt;
persons, provides a continuous source of infectious&lt;br /&gt;
monocytes leaking into circulation (11,12). Chronic&lt;br /&gt;
infection leads to elevated cytokine production, which&lt;br /&gt;
may lead to fatigue and depression, which are also risk&lt;br /&gt;
factors for atherosclerosis (Fig. 2). Physical activity&lt;br /&gt;
improves immune defense mechanisms and protects&lt;br /&gt;
against cardiac events. Chronic C. pneumoniae infec-tion&lt;br /&gt;
is associated with lipid profile typical for CHD&lt;br /&gt;
(elevated triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations&lt;br /&gt;
and lowered high-density-lipoprotein). Markers of in-flammation&lt;br /&gt;
found in atherosclerosis, like CRP, can be&lt;br /&gt;
due to chronic C. pneumoniae infection (Fig. 3). Im-mune&lt;br /&gt;
defense mechanisms of smokers are hampered.&lt;br /&gt;
Some reports have evaluated the association of the&lt;br /&gt;
presence of chronic C. pneumoniae with obesity and&lt;br /&gt;
elevated blood pressure and C. pneumoniae also&lt;br /&gt;
seems to be a factor in the metabolic syndrome.&lt;br /&gt;
Pathogenetic mechanisms through which C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae could affect the development of athero-sclerosis&lt;br /&gt;
(7) are presented on Fig. 4.&lt;br /&gt;
Animal models are important in the studying of&lt;br /&gt;
aterosclerosis and fortunately several models are avail-able&lt;br /&gt;
for C. pneumoniae. When rabbits are inoculated&lt;br /&gt;
intranasally with C. pneumoniae, those on normal diet&lt;br /&gt;
develop atherosclerotic lesions, and in rabbits on a diet&lt;br /&gt;
enriched with cholesterol, the development of lesions&lt;br /&gt;
is enhanced. This effect is prevented by macrolides if&lt;br /&gt;
given early in the development of the disease. Myco-plasma&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae given intranasally to rabbits pro-duces&lt;br /&gt;
a generalised infection, but it does not lead to&lt;br /&gt;
focal lesion in arteries (14). In mouse experiments (15),&lt;br /&gt;
both normal and gene-knock-out mice have been used.&lt;br /&gt;
Cholesterol should usually be added in the diet of mice.&lt;br /&gt;
The development of the atherosclerotic lesions is&lt;br /&gt;
accelerated by repeated intranasal inoculations of C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae. Interestingly, C. trachomatis (strain&lt;br /&gt;
mouse pneumonitis) produces similar systemic infec-tion&lt;br /&gt;
in mice and can be detected in the aorta after&lt;br /&gt;
Fig. 2: Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. The&lt;br /&gt;
earliest changes that precede the formation of lesions of&lt;br /&gt;
atherosclerosis take place in the endothelium. These&lt;br /&gt;
changes include increased endothelial permeability to&lt;br /&gt;
lipoproteins and other plasma constituents, which is me-diated&lt;br /&gt;
by nitric oxide, prostacyclin, platelet-derived growth&lt;br /&gt;
factor, angiotensin II, and endothelin; up-regulation of&lt;br /&gt;
leukocyte adhesion molecules, including L-selectin,&lt;br /&gt;
integrins, and platelet-endothelial-cell adhesion molecule&lt;br /&gt;
1, and the up-regulation of endothelial adhesion mol-ecules,&lt;br /&gt;
which include E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular&lt;br /&gt;
adhesion molecule 1, and vascular-cell adhesion mol-ecule&lt;br /&gt;
1; and migration of leukocytes into the artery wall,&lt;br /&gt;
which is mediated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein,&lt;br /&gt;
monocyte chemotactic protein 1, interleukin-8, platelet-derived&lt;br /&gt;
growth factor, macrophage colony-stimulating&lt;br /&gt;
factor, and osteopontin (13).&lt;br /&gt;
Fig. 3: Unstable Fibrous Plaques in Atherosclerosis. Rup-ture&lt;br /&gt;
of the fibrous cap or ulceration of the fibrous plaque&lt;br /&gt;
can rapidly lead to thrombosis and usually occurs at sites&lt;br /&gt;
of thinning of the fibrous cap that covers the advanced&lt;br /&gt;
lesion. Thinning of the fibrous cap is apparently due to the&lt;br /&gt;
continuing influx and activation of macrophages, which&lt;br /&gt;
release metalloproteinases and other proteolytic enzymes&lt;br /&gt;
at these sites. These enzymes cause degradation of the&lt;br /&gt;
matrix, which can lead to hemorrhage from the vasa&lt;br /&gt;
vasorum or from the lumen of the artery and can result in&lt;br /&gt;
thrombus formation and occlusion of the artery (13).intranasal inoculation. However, it does not persist&lt;br /&gt;
there and does not cause the development of athero-sclerosis.&lt;br /&gt;
Pigs are also infected and apes are chroni-cally&lt;br /&gt;
infected with C. pneumoniae, but studies on&lt;br /&gt;
possible atherosclerosis induced in them are lacking.&lt;br /&gt;
Final evidence can be found after intervention and&lt;br /&gt;
vaccination trials. Original small studies were&lt;br /&gt;
encourageing and several large-scale placebo-control-led&lt;br /&gt;
intervention studies were started even before any-one&lt;br /&gt;
knew of treatment for chronic Chlamydia infection.&lt;br /&gt;
The results of these large trials, typically in advanced&lt;br /&gt;
atherosclerosis in order to prevent secondary myocar-dial&lt;br /&gt;
infarctions, have been disappointing (16). Even&lt;br /&gt;
prolonged one or two year monotherapy was not&lt;br /&gt;
effective (17, 18). There can be several reasons for this&lt;br /&gt;
failure. Perhaps when trying to prevent secondary&lt;br /&gt;
events the disease has proceeded further, so that it&lt;br /&gt;
cannot be treated with antibiotic therapy. Moreover, in&lt;br /&gt;
animal experiments monotherapy has not eradicated&lt;br /&gt;
chronic C. pneumoniae infection (19). C. pneumoniae&lt;br /&gt;
infection of human monocytes has been resistant to&lt;br /&gt;
antibiotics (20) as shown in a chronic infection cell&lt;br /&gt;
culture model (21). In intervention trials, no similar fall&lt;br /&gt;
in specific antibodies after successful eradication of&lt;br /&gt;
helicobacter has been reported. Azitromycin treat-ment&lt;br /&gt;
alone for C. pneumoniae in mice was not suc-cessful&lt;br /&gt;
but in combination with rifampicin, it was&lt;br /&gt;
effective in erdicating agent from chronically infected&lt;br /&gt;
mice (22). The problem of the treatment of chronic C.&lt;br /&gt;
pneumoniae infection should be solved in cell cultures&lt;br /&gt;
and animal experiments before new human interven-tion&lt;br /&gt;
trials are started. Until then, we can continue using&lt;br /&gt;
CHD drugs that have demonstrated anti-C. pneumoniae&lt;br /&gt;
activity- aspirin(23) and statins (24) inhibiting cytokine&lt;br /&gt;
expression and bacterial development in human en-dothelial&lt;br /&gt;
cells.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
References&lt;br /&gt;
1. Saikku P, Leinonen M, Mattila K, Ekman MR, Nieminen&lt;br /&gt;
MS, Mäkelä PH, Huttunen JK, Valtonen V. Serological evi-dence&lt;br /&gt;
of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR,&lt;br /&gt;
with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocar-dial&lt;br /&gt;
infarction. Lancet. 1988;2(8618):983-6. doi:10.1016/&lt;br /&gt;
S0140-6736(88)90741-6 PMID: 2903406&lt;br /&gt;
2. Leinonen M, Linnanmäki E, Mattila K, Nieminen MS,&lt;br /&gt;
Valtonen V, Leirisalo-Repo M, Saikku P. Circulating im-mune&lt;br /&gt;
complexes containing chlamydial lipopolysaccha-ride&lt;br /&gt;
in acute myocardial infarction. Microb Pathog.&lt;br /&gt;
1990;9(1):67-73. doi:10.1016/0882-4010(90)90042-O&lt;br /&gt;
PMID:2077346&lt;br /&gt;
3. Arcari CM, Gaydos CA, Nieto FJ, Krauss M, Nelson KE.&lt;br /&gt;
Association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and acute&lt;br /&gt;
myocardial infarction in young men in the United States&lt;br /&gt;
military: the importance of timing of exposure measure-ment.&lt;br /&gt;
Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(8):1123-30. doi:10.1086/&lt;br /&gt;
428730 PMID:15791511&lt;br /&gt;
4. Huittinen T, Leinonen M, Tenkanen L, Virkkunen H,&lt;br /&gt;
Mänttäri M, Palosuo T, Manninen V, Saikku P. Synergistic</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/feeds/600178884525908459/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/chlamydia-pneumoniae-and-heart-desease.html#comment-form' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/600178884525908459'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7157624489712531245/posts/default/600178884525908459'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tusriyanto.blogspot.com/2008/12/chlamydia-pneumoniae-and-heart-desease.html' title='Chlamydia pneumoniae and Heart Desease'/><author><name>Anonymous</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11342029345272306391</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>