tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64027641822084240632024-03-13T19:34:56.254+03:00African Truth MovementThe African Truth Movement aims at re-uniting the Africans and the world at large by invoking the missing pages of world history, which is Ancient African civilization, dating back to pre-historic times, before invasion of the white man and even before slavery. We seek to create a higher self awareness and pride in the African people by reviving the oldest unifying philosophy of the Nile Valley, “UBUNTU.”African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-74774817972897607952011-12-14T09:09:00.000+03:002011-12-14T09:09:09.885+03:00INFERIORITY OF THE CAUCASOID PEOPLE, (WHITE PEOPLE).<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Caucasoids in general have an inferiority complex in the world position. If they were secure with their alleged superiority, they would not have to shout it out loud to the world so often and so loudly. When a people fell called upon to repeatedly announce their superiority to the world, it is suspected that behind all their pretence they do not believe it as much as they want people to believe they do. In contrast, if the same people believe in the inferiority of the rest of the world, its people and its cultures, they would not have to spend so much time trying to prove their point. When we look at the chronology of world history we discover that the first real show of European literacy intelligence surfaced around 1250 B.C. with the publication of the two books of folklore, the odyssey and the Iliad, credited to an author named Homer, who we have little information about. At this point let me introduce to you the position of the caucsoids in the field of Philosophy. To begin with, Philosophy is not a European word! Whence the two books of folklore credited to Homer were definitely not authored by him since the little we know about him is that he was a Greek. More about how the Greek philosophy was borrowed from the Africans from what is today called Egypt, either directly or indirectly in a somewhat detailed manner can be found in George G. M. James’ book, “The Stolen Legacy”. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">A History of The New Modern World by R. R. Palmer and Joel Colton tells us that “Europeans were by no means the pioneers of human civilization”. Half of man’s recorded history had passed before anyone in Europe could read or write. The priests of Egypt began to keep written records between 4000 and 3000 B.C. but more than 2000 years later, the poems of Homer were still being circulated in Greek city states by word of mouth. Shortly after 3000 B.C. while the Pharaohs were building the first pyramids, Europeans were creating nothing more than huge garbage heaps until after 2000 B.C., Europe was still under a Neolithic or New Stone age. This was in truth a great age in man’s history, the age in which man learned to make and use sharp tools, weave cloth, build living quarters, domesticate animals, plant seeds, harvest crops, and sense the returning cycles of months and years. The Near East -- Egypt, the Euphrates and the Tigris valley, the Island of Crete and the shores of the Aegean Sea (which belonged more to Asia than to Europe) – had reached and passed the Neolithic 2000 years before Europe.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Europeans finally got themselves together and created the semblance of what could today be referred to as a state or a nation – they made a glaring discovery. Europe could not furnish them with enough food to properly feed them or enough material to properly cloth them. They began to look at the more developed part of the world. Soon they would find a rationale for their initial military aggression under the young Macedonian Greek known as Alexander the great. He would invade North Africa in the year 332 B.C. following the invasions from Western Asia by Assyrians in 666 B.C. The invasions left the Africans crying out to God to send them a liberator or a conqueror with some mercy. As a conqueror, he did what the conquerors do. He raided the granaries of Egypt to feed his soldiers and his armies continued the bastardisation of Egypt that started with the western Asian invasion of 1675 B.C. whose forced co-habitation with the women changed the population and the cultural temperature of the declining Nile Valley civilization.</div><a href="http://missingpagesinworldhistory.blogspot.com/2011/12/inferiority-of-caucasoid-people-white.html#more">Read more - Know Thy Self »</a><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-3761779876292105462011-07-22T15:14:00.002+03:002011-12-14T09:00:14.836+03:00CONCEPT OF A DEITY<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">By John Henrik Clarke<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">To hold a people in oppression, you must convince them first that they are supposed to be oppressed. When the European comes to your country, the first thing he does is laugh at your God and your God concept. And the next thing is to make you laugh at your own God concept. Then he won’t have to build no jails because he has created more binding in your mind than iron can do. Anytime you turn to your own concept of God, you’re no longer a free man. No one needs to put chains on your body because the chains are on your minds. Every time someone says your God is ugly, you release your God and take on theirs. There is no hope for your freedom until you once more believe in your own concept of “Deity.” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">And that’s how we, (Africans), are trapped. We have been educating in believing someone else’s deity and someone else’s standard of beauty. You have the right to practice any religion and politics in a way that best suits your freedom, your dignity and your understanding. And once you do that, you don’t apologize. Nothing the European mind has ever devised was meant to do anything but to facilitate European control over the world. Anything you get from Europe that you’re going to use for yourself, remake it to suit yourself.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Where did we go wrong educationally? After the civil war was a period called reconstruction, a period of pseudo democracy. We began to have our own institutions, our own school. We had no role for a school, our role model, so we began to imitate white schools. Our church was an initiation of the white church. All we did was to modify the old trap. We didn’t change the images. We became more comfortable with in their trap. We only changed some of the concepts of the images, but the images remained the same so the misconception that gave us a slave mentality have been altered but remained basically the same.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-86672564633031627292011-07-15T06:39:00.002+03:002011-10-12T01:40:11.640+03:00HOW AFRICANS LED THE WORLD IN CIVILIZATION<div style="text-align: justify;">BY JUSTICE TABARO PATRICK</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni’s inaugural discourse in the Sunday vision of November 4 on the similarities of African culture opens the forum for interrogation of racist scholarship that portrays the African people as hopeless since eternity and incapable of re-organizing themselves. My contribution will be limited to culture, science (including mathematics, medicine, religion, and astronomy) philosophy and religion, since as a judge, I cannot participate in political debate because our system of government demands that judges to refrain from partisan politics. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">First let as deal with the origin of the name Africa. It is now settled that human beings evolved in Africa. The theory put forward by Dr. Leakey, based on the age of fossils discovered in this region, was amplified by Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop, a Senegalese nuclear physicist who devoted his lifetime (1923-1985) to scholarship. Dr. Diop, exploiting his rich knowledge of nuclear physics and chemistry, established that among the human beings there is a clear genetic sequence defining racial characteristics. African genes are the most diverse and original, indicative of precedence in appearance on earth among humanity. European genes are mutant in nature, suggesting mutation of Africans after they crossed from the African continent to the Eurasia land mass. The mutation was due to changes in climate and environment. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Intermarriages between whites and blacks resulted into Arabs, Jews another Semites. This is inferred from hybrid nature of their genes, showing interbreeding between Africans and Europeans. Other groups such as Chinese and Japanese show characteristics indicative of further interbreeding from earlier groups. Hence there is only one unigenic, linear emergence of human beings, from black to white, to brown to yellow. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The earlier theory of polygenic evolution has been disproved. There are no human beings on earth who do not fall within the aforesaid evolutionary sequence. The disgraced polygenic theory of evolution held that whites, blacks, browns and yellows arose from different sources and are different types of beings. It was racist in nature and sought to project some human beings as special and superior to others. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">After human being acquired tools and developed the capacity to tame and harness nature, some of them settled along the Nile valley. More than 10,000 years ago the Africans inhabiting the Nile Valley had developed agriculture- wheat, barley, millet, lentils, beans, peas, onions, cabbages, lettuces, grapes, figs and pomegranates were grown. Flax for linen cloth and papyrus for paper making were important plants in the Nile valley, especially in Egypt (The March of Civilization, F.G.T. 1950). </div><div style="text-align: justify;">With civilization came humankind’s capacity to move in defiance of wild beasts and nature generally. By 4230 BC, Egyptians had invented the calendar based on annual revolution of the earth around the sun and epochs were counted with the appearance of the star Sirius, which is visible only once in 1,460 years. When it appeared, year one began and after 1,460 years the epoch would close and counting, with the first year would begin again. The black people of Dogon of Mali retain this memory to this day. They have never forgot or lost their system of writing, astronomy, philosophy or mathematics inherited from the ancient Egyptians. Egypt comes from Aigyptos, which is Greek for land of black people. The Egyptians called themselves Khemite, which also means Black. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">In subsequent contributions it will be show how the black character of Egypt changed to its present state. The inventors of the calendar, which is basically what is in use today, were also the builders of the pyramids from which structures such as temples, libraries, observatories for study of the stars (astronomy). From the pyramids you can calculate the distance from the sun to the earth, get proof that the perimeter at the base was a comparison with the revolution the planet Venus makes around the sun and the engineers had knowledge of cardinal points of the earth. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">We are not engaging in fairy tales. From the features of the pharaohs and fossils of the human beings of the time and from literature etc, the civilization of the Great Pyramids (about 3,00 BC) was Bantu in character (Cheikh Anta Diop, 1991 (1981) English translation). Cheikh Anta Diop regards his language, Wolof, as Semi-Bantu in essence. It is spoken by 95% of the Senegalese people and retains remarkable similarities with ancient Egyptians (ibid). The Mashona people of Zimbabwe who built the cities that now lie in ruins known to the history as Zimbabwe are Bantu. The similarities in culture and language of the people of Africa are a result of the commonality of civilization in the Nile valley in the past. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">rom the interior of Africa some communities moved in all directions –southwards, northwards, eastwards and westwards. Among the people who settled on the Mediterranean coast were the Afri (sometimes spelt Afer)- Ivan Van Sertima 1992, Editor. During Roman times the area these people occupied in Tunisia and neighboring territories was known as Afriqia (from Afr.) The Roman governor or conqueror of the province thus became Africanus - conqueror of Africa. Africanus was named after Africa and not the other way round. Students of literature will note in Caesar and Cleopatra by Bernard Shaw that the ruler or conqueror of Britain could be referred to as Britainicus. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">According to information which we have interacted with this year, evidence covered by the New Scientist magazine indicates that Egyptian capacity to read and write extended to earlier than 5,000 BC, as opposed to invention of the earliest calendar available in 4,230 BC. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">However, this does not change the anteriority of the black civilization to any other in the world. The spread of African civilization to Asia, Europe, and pre-Columbian America because of its significance must be covered in a separate article. Above all, Greek classical civilization (650-300 BC) from which European claim mastery of knowledge is too recent. The philosophers and mathematicians, scientists, etc such as Thales and Aristole, the end point of the scale (650-300BC), are shown never to have known more than the wisdom or science of the Egyptian. The Greeks of the time especially Herodotus, who lived at that time and wrote the history of the time described the Egyptians of the period as having wooly hair, and dark in complexion--typical Africans. He (Herodotus) made it clear that Greeks borrowed their ideas from the Egyptians. Herodotus was one of the most prominent intellectuals of the time. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The Epoch-making scholarship of recent times in Europe typified by Isaac Newton, Copernicus, John Dalton, etc was based on heavily borrowed from Egyptian knowledge systems. What about the burning of the Great Library at Alexandria, which had been established by Egyptians? </div><div style="text-align: justify;">What about Memphite theology (750 BC) which many authoritative scholars believe is the basis of all modern science and philosophy? Ancient Egyptians made no distinction between science and religion. The Memphite Theology was authored by a black Pharaoh called Shabaka. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Incidentally the Egyptian empire probably extended, at its zenith, from Ethiopia to the Atlantic Ocean (Chancellor Williams, 1991). Ethiopia in Greek means land of sun-burnt people- land of blacks. I have started an article entitled “The Ethnicity of Bafumbira and British Conquest of South Western Uganda-Kisoro Today (2005)’’ that the Batusi entered this region from Ethiopia - land of black people through Acholi, before Asian and Europeans invaders turned it brown in the northern parts. Some of the blackest Africans I have seen in Kisoro District (my birthplace) are Batusi or the Bahima of Ankole. At the time of colonization the ruling dynasties were Batusi in Rwanda (which then encompassed Kisoro) and Bahima in Ankole. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">The state of law and order was impressive and so John Speke posulated that no African was capable of possessing such administrative acumen, and hence the Batusi and Bahima were not Africans, but Hamites--aclear affront to the Africans people. Once it becomes clear to scholarship and the ordinary reader that the founders of the Egyptian civilization from which European civilization was built, had melanin in their bodies to the same level as blacks do south of the Sahara and that Africans owe their blackness to melanin, it will be unnecessary to quarrel with John Speke and other racist authors--the Africans will reclaim their glorious past and put racial theories where they belong-- to the dustbin of history. It is melanin and hence blackness that identifies Africans from other people. The Batusi or the Bahima, did not acquire their melanin/blackness from the sky. They inherited it from their black ancestors. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Once it is established that Africa’s misery is not genetic, but is due to cultural, socio-economic factors and that Africans led humanity in civilization until recently, then ideas can be exchanged without self-doubt on the part of Africans, or racial condescension on the part of Europeans and their kin. John Speke who put forward his racial theory in 1860s should have been aware that 1801 Count Volney, the famous French scholar who was in Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, made it clear that Egyptian civilization was black in character.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-44217286351953102362011-07-15T06:32:00.000+03:002011-07-15T23:09:10.531+03:00AFRICAN HERITAGE SERIES:THREE; -BLACKS GAVE THE WORLD KNOWLEDGEBY JUSTICE PATRICK TABARO<br />
<br />
High Court of Uganda<br />
January 13, 2008<br />
<br />
<div>From my description of the pyramids in the Sunday vision of November 25, 2007, it is evident that black Egyptians were very advanced in civilization and had mastered astronomy, technology, mathematics, science, the arts, etc.<br />
It is tragic that in our schools the pyramids are spoken of as mere burial structures (tombs) for Kings yet in fact they were much more. They served as centres of learning (colleges) and temples for scholars from other lands, priests, sages and prophets. The combination of tombs, colleges, temples, libraries, royal meeting places in one place was a result of the Egyptian belief that the dead, the living and the unborn belong to the same system.<br />
Most Africans to day still hold that belief and the same doctrine survives in Christianity and Islam in resurrection of the body after death and trial for one's deeds on earth on the day of Judgment.<br />
In Catholicism it is normal in prayer to invoke patron saints, who are departed persons, for intercession with God on behalf of supplicants. The Hindu doctrine of reincarnation is not much different.<br />
Over time, Egyptian learning and civilization spread to the Mediterranean Islands, Italy, India, China, Japan, etc. The Dravidian (black) people of India trace their ancestry to Africa and Leopold Senghor, the former president of Senegal, established a link between their languages and African languages. In 2005 at an international cultural studies workshop at Makerere University, one presenter, Prof. Dr.Murindwa Rutanga, stunned Ugandans by identifying words common to Rukiga and the Dravidian languages of southern India, the black civilization of India, the Harappan civilisation is well covered by Prof. Runoko Rashidi with Prof. Ivan van Sertima in African Presence in Early Asia.<br />
Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop in The African Origin of Civilisations - Myth or Reality is further treatment of the theme that major civilisations of the world originate from black Egypt.<br />
When Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492 he found there black settlers from the Mandinka community of West Africa. With this there can be no debate for it is from the biography of Christopher Columbus written by his own son.<br />
If descendants of the Vikings should claim credit for having discovered America through Eric the Red, then they should be courteous enough to mention that Thorhall, a black man, jointly did so as Eric's deputy in 11th century (African Presence in Early Europe, van Sertima, 1985, 2000). It should come as no surprise, therefore, that the European map of America, drawn at the request of King Don Juan of Portugal in 1494 was based on information gleaned from the sailors of Guinea. The Africans found in the Americas were subsequently exterminated along with so many of the indigenous communities, known to the world as Red Indians.<br />
The natives of Australia, Papua New Guinea and many other black people in the Pacific Ocean Islands (Melanesia or Black Asia ) came from Africa (Runoko,Rashidi, 2007). The misrepresentation of the African people in European scholarship led the eminent scholar, Fr.Alex Kagame, in Inganji Karinga to come to an unfortunate conclusion, by asserting that the Batutsi came from Ethiopia while the Bahutu came from Melanesia. It is the Melanesians who came from Africa and both Bahutu and Batutsi came from black areas of Africa. The Bahutu, the Batutsi and the Batwa constitute the Banyarwanda of Rwanda and neighbouring countries of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Tanzania. The differences in physique among Bahutu, Batutsi and Batwa are due to adaptation to changes in environment and climate since they took different routes to reach Rwanda, without forgetting the effect of diet since traditionally they ate different foods according to occupation.<br />
We can now look at three intellectuals of classical Greek civilization - Thales (640-546 B.C.), Pythagoras (582-500 B.C.) and Aristotle who was among the last of the classical (Greek) philosophers. Aristotle was tutor to Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.), and accompanied him to Egypt after Alexander established the capital of his empire at the then greatest centre of learning. Both Pythagoras and Thales went to Egypt as did all great Greek intellectuals to access advanced knowledge.<br />
Pythagoras who is taught at all levels of education in school mathematics and in philosophy at university will easily reveal the debt owned by Europe to Africa in matters of knowledge. He spent 22 years in Egypt gathering information about Egyptian science and later returned to Greece to establish his own centre of learning. He was a pupil of Thales.<br />
By the time Pythagoras went to Egypt, the Egyptian had used the inclined plane to move blocks of stones up heights during the construction of the Pyramids 2,500 years before.<br />
The philosophical doctrinesof Thales, Aristotle and Pythagoras can be dealt with together. First of all, the world philosophy has no root in any European language. It has its etymology in sofia - Egyptian for deep thought or divine speech which were the hallmarks of wisdom. The Greek philosophers who sojourned to Egypt to study were acutely aware that they were not equals of the Egyptians sages.<br />
Tradition has it that they settled for being mere lovers of Egyptians wisdom (philo=love, Sophia=wisdom). That is how they came to be known as philosophers. Their doctrines such as immorality of the soul, salvation and God, the uncreated creator, owe their origin to the Memphite Theology of 750 B.C. (by which time classical Greek philosophers were not yet on the scene) compiled from the doctrines of the people of the interior of Africa. The theology is inscribed on a stone which is kept in the British Museum. It was an attempt by Egyptians to explain the origin of the universe.<br />
The turning of chaos into order or logic (logos in Greek) shows the Egyptian /Africans origin of the New Testament though written in Greek. The sun was worshipped as the ultimate symbol of God. This is proof that they had realised that without the sun there could be no life on earth.<br />
Early Egyptians made no distinction between religion, science or the arts. It was all knowledge and the most sophisticated elite was the clergy who were required to master science, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, music etc, as we know them. There was harmony between religion and science and the two reinforced each other. The belief in eternal life motivated men to construct eternal building e.g. the pyramids and other permanent structures for the departed souls to rest eternally in peace. <br />
Like all other ancient people they believed that heavenly bodies affect and influence human lives on earth (astrologers still do). <br />
The belief that heavenly bodies, especially stars, influence people motivated the black Egyptians to try and establish the distance between them (heavenly bodies) and the earth as well as between the bodies themselves. Hence, the perfection of astronomy and mathematics. <br />
The war between religion and science was a consequence of the doctrines of Europeans in the Dark Ages. Later we shall show that the so- called Dark Ages in Europe were the golden ages elsewhere- in North Africa, the Middle East, China, etc. When Europe declined, religion sank to the level of superstition- remember the teaching in Europe that the sun moves around the earth? Whoever taught otherwise was imprisoned, like Galileo Galilei was.<br />
Black Egyptians knew the truth - that the earth and the planets move around the sun and worshiped the sun precisely because of its centrality to life. <br />
Although ancient Egyptians believe in many gods by the time of Pharaoh Ikhenaton, more than 600 years before classical Greeks, they had arrived at the doctrine that there is only one God. This predates the religious beliefs of all people.<br />
From this observation it follows readily that the Greeks acquired their knowledge from the black Egyptians. From the Greeks, the Egyptian ideas spread to the rest of Europe, especially during the reign of Alexander the great (356-323).<br />
When the Roman Empire collapsed in 476 A.D., Rome was occupied by barbarians and the Christian Dark ages set in. The Barbarians reduced Europe and the civilisation acquired from the Egyptians through the Greeks to ruins, ignorance and superstition. Although the Church kept a modicum of learning in the monasteries under the Monks, Europe became so backward that bathing became a rare event. The mathematics, science, astronomy, medicine etc inherited earlier from Egyptians disappeared.<br />
We shall soon see why scientific terminology and mathematical formulae still bear Arabic tags. Mathematics, logarithms, algebra, acid, alkali, arithmetic, etc are either names of Muslim scholars or the subjects they popularized.<br />
Although the Roman Empire extended to the Middle East, the main theatre of destruction was Western Europe. The destruction in northern Africa was mild and hence some Egyptian knowledge survived. Islam, unlike the Christianity of the day, encouraged learning generally, and paid much attention to science. It is significant that Arabia itself was initially populated by black people of Ethiopia (land of sun burnt people). The black people of North Africa, after 642 A.D. when Egypt was taken over by Arabs/Muslims, were the main motivation for the renaissance (rebirth of Europe). </div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-2411611045519788562011-07-15T05:34:00.001+03:002011-07-15T05:34:58.861+03:00AFRICAN HERITAGE SERIES: TWO; BLACKS GAVE SCIENCE TO EUROPE<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>BY JUSTICE PATRICK TABARO</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b>High Court of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>“How are we astonished when we reflect that to the race of Negroes at present our slaves and the objects of our extreme contempt, we owe our arts and science,” Count Volney, 1791 (<st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> vs <st1:country-region w:st="on">Greece</st1:country-region>, by M.K. <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Asante</st1:place></st1:country-region> and Ama Mazama, 2002).</i><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The quotation above epitomises one of history’s greatest paradoxes the fall of Africans from the pinnacle of civilisation to the status of the wretched of the earth (to borrow Franz Fanon’s phase). Count Volney accompanied Napoleon Bonaparte to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> (1799 – 1801) in the latter’s quest to establish his short-lived empire. Volney was a scholar of great insight and objectivity. He went on to observe that original Egyptians “must have been real Negroes of the same species with all the natives of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>.” He was a French man and so he had no desire or motive to falsify history in favour of Africans against Europeans.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Readers will have noticed from media publications that Japan and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China</st1:place></st1:country-region>, as examples are interested in the way each other’s history text books are written. The way history is taught affects our attitudes towards ourselves and other people we interact with, and thus can have practical implications. In this column, I have attempted to show from available academic publications, without any embellishment, that Africans should think of themselves as people who once “advanced and civilized the rest of the world, but due to certain factors, especially violence against them, later declined. It is significant emphasize that I am not a professional scholar or academic. I rely mainly on proven authorities to advance my views. In this discourse it is intended to show that science as learnt by Europeans in modern times is African in origin. The controversy as to whether the classical Greeks acquired their science and other form of knowledge from Africans (Egyptians) continues to engage the minds of intellectuals and general readers and observers. Greeks in European tradition are regarded as the paragons of rationality, abstract thinking, and the scientific spirit. Hence, to contend that Greeks were civilized by Africans is to challenge the whole edifice of European claim (on the part of racists) to superiority over “people of colour”, and equally important, to lay a ground for Africans demand to be treated with dignity. Your presenter is alive to famine, poverty and civil strife engulfing many parts of Africa; by pointing out some of our positive qualities and achievements it is hoped, to some measure, we can start thinking positively and eventually get our priorities right.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">In academia and scholarship generally, writers talk about white triumphalism – the phenomenon of white preponderance globally in the last 500 years, in the exercise of power, influence in military, economic and cultural spheres. Martin Bernal, [a well-known author, who wrote <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Black Athena</i>, <i>The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation</i> (1991, Vol. I)]</b> and a European himself argued that Greeks acquired their civilization from Egyptians and some Asiatics. Leading intellectuals in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region> were up to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">arms against him. An entire book, <i>Heresy in the University – Berlinerbalu (1999)</i></b><i> </i>was written largely based on the fact that Bernal was not trained in anthropology or sociology. One of the writers referred to Martin Bernal as the son of an infamous scientist. Dr. Martin Bernal’s father, Dr. David Bernal, wrote Science in History, in 4 volumes and was quite critical of the abuse of science (both physical and social) in some quarters in Europe and <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place>. Yet other authors raised doubts about his evidence and reasons in arriving at the conclusions that <st1:country-region w:st="on">Greece</st1:country-region> was influenced by black – <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>. He responded yet in another volume <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Black –</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Athena – Vol. II, the Archaeological and Documentary Evidence.”</b> Of interest to readers, I hope, is Martin Bernal’s intention from his own explanation in writing his book, (a third volume, providing a linguistic proof that the Greek language has many of its roots, more than 25% in Egyptian was in the offing when I last acquainted myself with his works) to the effect that he wanted to curb European arrogance – by demonstrating that European achievements owe a lot to other cultures as well. My humble endeavor is to show the vital role-played by Africans in the crucial inventions and discoveries in European civilization – the spread of African knowledge to the rest of the world was traced in earlier presentations in this column. As earlier as indicated, if we go by the invention of writing by Africans, Africans became civilized over 6000 years ago: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">European dominance is only 500 years old;</b> starting with the defeat of Moors (Blacks originating from North Africa) in 1492 at the hands of the Spanish when they were finally pushed out of Southern Europe into Africa. Moors were Islamized Africans who carried civilization to <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> after the European Dark Ages.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">As matters of historical fact, the decisive inventions and discoveries in human affairs (culture and civilization) before modern times were made by people other Europeans. Among some of the crucial inventions and discoveries are printing, gunpowder, and the prismatic compass. The leading ‘discoveries’ made by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johannes Kepler</b> on movement of the planets, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nicolaus Copernicus</b> on the central position of the sun in our solar system, the foundation of modern mechanics by Isaac Newton, circulation of blood by William Harvey, were in fact African in origin.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The punishments meted out to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Galileo Galilei</b> and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Giordano Bruno</b> for their sins in opposing the Church will be compared to demonstrate European hostility to African ideas, and argue that the Eurocentricism should be tempered with acknowledgement of other people’s contribution to culture and civilization. The wonder of wonders, Atomic Theory and gravitation are black African ideas in essence. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The importance of printing in modern times is that during the European Renaissance, the Bible became available in large numbers and so an average person could acquire and read it. This was very important in the reformation of the Church (Protestant) and Counter-Reformation (Catholic). Printing was invented by the Chinese Europeans acquired the art at the time of the Renaissance.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The decisive role played by gunpowder in warfare and conquest of the rest of the world by Europeans is beyond contention. According to David Bernal, (Science in History, 1981) debate on who get credit for its invention centres on Arabs, Greeks, Chinese (and Egyptians) but the scales lean in favour of Chinese. The Egyptians knew the chemical composition of gunpowder. The ancients used it for fireworks in ceremonies: it was modified to propel a missile in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> in the middle ages. The Egyptians were the pioneers of the discipline of Chemistry – the etymology of the word, KHEM, being the same as KEMET (black people of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>). The heating of equipment and substances turned the apparatus black and, probably, gave its name to the subject (Cheikh anta Diop [1981].</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The prismatic compass makes the navigation of the high seas possible without losing direction, and hence in decisive in voyages of discovery of other lands. The builders of the Great Pyramid at <st1:city w:st="on">Giza</st1:city>, near <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Cairo</st1:place></st1:city> had knowledge of the compass because the pyramid is aligned to the cardinal points of the earth (Martin Bernal).</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">From information on the Pyramid (Great) one can also tell that Ancient Black Egyptians had discovered movement of the planets round the sun because the measurements at the base of the pyramid are a comparison with the distance marked by the planet Venus in its revolution around the sun and our present calendar is based on approximately 265 days our earth takes to move around the sun. Incidentally to the best of my knowledge, only the King (Pharaoh, Cheops in Greek; Khufu in Egyptian) is named among the giant brains behind the amazing Great Pyramid. African approach tends to be communal rather than individualistic and does not insist on personal fame. But evidently Kepler [1571-1630] was not the first person to explain the movement of planets. He was preceded by Blacks (Egyptians). </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Copernicus is credited with marking the end of the Church’s supremacy in scientific thought by demonstrating that the earth is not the centre of the universe Heliocentricity (the idea that the earth moves round the sun and not the other way round) was commonplace among the ancients. The Egyptians worshipped the sun because of its central position in our solar system, and as the chief divinity and life giving force. They were aware that without the un there can be no life on earth.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Isaac Newton [1440-1700], the father of modern mechanics, in his book <i>Principia Mathematica</i>, made it clear that he was convinced after studying Egyptian systems, that Egyptians knew gravity and were acquainted with the Atomic Theory. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">Although Dr. Harvey is thought to have discovered circulation of blood in the body, Dr. Charles Finch III of Morehouse University reminds us that 6,000 years ago, in a book entitled The Book of the Heart and Vessels, Nile Valley doctors had realized the heart is the centre of a circulatory system that sends blood through the major vessels emanating from the heart to the body’s vital organs, and as expected, measured the pulse as an aid to diagnosis (M.K. Asante and Ama Mazama – Egypt vs Greece and The American Academy 2002).</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">When classical Greeks appeared on the historical scene as men of great learning (650 – 300 B.C.), Egyptians had, which is evident from above observations, mastered science, astronomy, mathematics, medicine etc. The clearest indication of African anteriority in scientific thought as opposed to European ideas is available in the Memphite Theology, formulated by Pharaoh (King) Shabaka, dated 750 B.C. The king made it clear that he had compiled the wisdom of his ancestors from the interior of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>. The civilization of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> emanated from the interior in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sudan</st1:place></st1:country-region> as can be demonstrated beyond contention and subsequently spread northwards. Classical Greeks never disputed their debt in scientific thought to Africans and readily studied under the tutelage of Egyptian Priests who at the time were the most advanced in matters of learning of all types – Theology, Philosophy, the Arts, Law Medicine, Mathematics, Astronomy, Music etc. <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> in Greek means black and the name was given to mean the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">land</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Black</st1:placename></st1:place> people.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;"> Historians and general readers alike will recall the empire of Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.) a Greek, encompassed <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> and its capital eventually was shifted from <st1:country-region w:st="on">Greece</st1:country-region> to <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Alexandria</st1:place></st1:city>. Egyptians of today’s <st1:placename w:st="on">Egyptian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Republic</st1:placetype> retain the name of their city of more than 6 million people on the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Mediterranean</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Coast</st1:placetype></st1:place>. At the time of Alexander the city had the biggest collection of books (Library) in the whole world, based and containing ideas from African civilization. All these facts were taken for granted until the era of racist ideologies, after enslavement of Africans and decimation of the native populations of <st1:country-region w:st="on">America</st1:country-region> (North and South) as well as <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The motive was to justify colonialism and slavery.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Hence the latest explanations to explain the nature of reality and the character of matter – attributed to John Dalton (Atomic Theory) cannot be fully and properly appreciated in its historical context unless the Egyptian (African) basis of Greek learning is addressed. <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Dalton</st1:place></st1:city> (1766-1844) postulated that matter exist in small particles which can neither be created nor destroyed (among other things). Of course now, since the era of Dr. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) it is common knowledge that matter is destroyed (changed) in nuclear reactions and converted into energy. The theory in actual fact is traceable back to Greek philosophers such as Democritus (420 – 310 B.C.) As we all remember the European Renaissance was said to be a return to Greek learning and ideas after the Dark Ages but Egyptians had much earlier than the Shabaka era put forward theories which indicate that they are the originators of Atomic Theory (as Isaac Newton himself acknowledged) in that according to them, creation came after chaos, commenced with the sun God Atum (Atom) from which all other planets sprang. George G. M. James, [1992, 1998] informs us that the current theory associated with Laplace [1749-1827] to explain the origin of the solar system based on the Memphite Theology - so known because it was worked in the city of <st1:city w:st="on">Memphis</st1:city> in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>. The practice of learned Greek intellectuals visiting <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> for acquisition of knowledge has been noted. Incidentally ancient Egyptians did not assert that matter cannot be destroyed. According to the sourced authorities the Greek inclusion in the Atomic Theory on the indestructibility of matter was due to a misinterpretation of Egyptian science and philosophy (George G.M. James).</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">As the debate as to whether Greeks were civilized by Africans rages on, two factors settle the question in favour of Africans once and for all, unless racism is permitted to continue to blur our sense of judgment. These factors are melanin and hieroglyphics.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Melanin is the substance in the body that most sharply defines Africans, because Africans have the most of it. In the course of evolution through mutation, European lost it (Cheikh Anta Diop). African genes are the most diverse an original of all human beings. The presence of melanin in the (mummified) bodies of Egyptians in pyramids 3000 BC, which is the same degree as Africans south of the <st1:place w:st="on">Sahara</st1:place>, settles the debate conclusively. According to Cheikh Anta Diop, melanin can survive for millions of years and so no amount of testimony will change the character of African civilizations from black to any other colour. At the risk of repetition, Greek science and philosophy surfaced more than 2500 years after Egyptians had perfected all ideas that led to European civilization. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Hieroglyphics as a system of writing was peculiarly Egyptian in character. It is pictorial with phonetic signs for ‘letters’, which indicate the category of the word’s meaning. It first appeared in the 4<sup>th</sup> millennium B.C. (Martin Bernal). Classical Greeks (650 – 300 B.C.) wrote in the alphabet and therefore if any scientific or mathematic principle (or any other idea for that matter) is written in hieroglyphics it is Egyptian and not Greek. The hieroglyphics gradually developed into hieratic and eventually into demotic, which survives in the Coptic Church liturgy but still cannot be mistaken for the alphabet, which is a late development, applied by Phoenicians and other people. Many scholars including Cheikh Anta Diop believe Phoenicians were black in race: as great men of commerce in many countries the alphabet was much simpler than hieroglyphics and was meant to simplify communication. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The Egyptian elite, on the other hand, jealously guarded their knowledge and hieroglyphics achieved this end by concealing the inner meaning from those who were not initiated into their secret knowledge system. For this reason, by the way, many observers, such as George G.M. James, believe classical Greeks never mastered Egyptian ideas. Proof of scientific and mathematical ideals lies in the hieroglyphics writings available before Greek Classical Civilization.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Any attempt to portray Egyptian civilization as non-black is not tenable. <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> as a world power was not militarily defeated by Assyria till 6<sup>th</sup> century, and it was not until 525 BC, that Black (<st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region>) was defeated, occupied and colonized on a large scale by another power – <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Persia</st1:place></st1:country-region> in 525 B.C. It is then that mass movement of Black Egyptians headed southwards and might as well have marked mass migrations of Black Africans from <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> to other parts of the continent. Thereafter, Greek, Roman, Arab, Turkish and European conquerors followed. Egyptian civilization, then by 525 B.C. had reached its apogee. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">The arts, religion, philosophy, science and mathematics had been established – the latter were highly theoretical and abstract in nature – giving the lie to racist claims that Africans are incapable of thinking at abstract level. The theory of the origin of the universe covered in Memphite Theology, 750 B.C., on which present day scientific theories are based could not have been put forward by people without capacity to think at abstract level. Cheikh Anta Diop, [Civilization or Barbarism – An Authentic Anthropology, 1981, 1991] has devoted a whole chapter to Africans’ contribution to science and mathematics. The theories cover geometry, Pythagorean Theorem, irrational numbers, quadratic equation of the circle, surface of the triangle and trapezium, volume of the cylinder, the parallelepiped, the sphere, algebraic equations, the calendar, phases of the moon, engineering monuments, medicine, mummification, astronomy, etc. And you guessed right. The mathematical and scientific writing covered by Cheikh Anta Diop were not in Greek but rather in Egyptian.</div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;">Greek legends and documentary records in Egyptian language suggest a period of Egyptian colonization of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Greece</st1:place></st1:country-region> (Martin Bernal). A crucial chapter in our heritage as Africans must cover an explanation of how the culture and civilization came to be lost and how we can achieve an African Renaissance. </div><div class="bodytext-professionalcharchar" style="text-align: justify;"><b><i>The author is a judge of the High Court of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-33222903089739383892011-07-15T05:27:00.000+03:002011-07-15T05:27:33.519+03:00AFRICAN HERITAGE SERIES: ONE<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">THE LEGACY OF ANCIENT <st1:country-region w:st="on">EGYPT</st1:country-region> IN <st1:place w:st="on">AFRICA</st1:place> TODAY<o:p></o:p></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">BY JUSTICE PATRICK TABARO</span></b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"> During the Renaissance in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>, (circa 1440-1700), and thereafter, scholars continued to access the knowledge of the Black Egyptians and with it, established epoch-making systems. Copernicus’ (1473-1543) important contribution that the earth revolves around the sun and not the reverse is noted. Isaac Newton, the father of Modern Mechanics, is no less important for his contribution to mathematic and physics that also threatened the stability of a <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> that had not yet reconciled religion with science.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">By <st1:city w:st="on">Newton</st1:city>’s time (1642-1727), two academic subjects had emerged whose descriptions tell a lot about how African civilizations were established; Egyptology (study of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> and its knowledge systems) and Pyramidology, the latter being the study of Pyramids. This is not surprising in view of the advanced, complex systems built into the technology of the pyramids that addresses religion, mathematics, astronomy, physics, engineering, education, etc. In his book<b>, <u>Principia Mathematica</u></b>, written in Latin, the language of the elite/intellectuals at the time, Newton after mastering Pyramidology, was convinced that the Egyptians pioneered astronomy (the study of the stars) and from this, science spread to the rest of the world. He became aware that earlier Black African Egyptians were acquainted with gravitation and the atomic theory (Martin Bernal, 1987).</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Like Copernicus, Isaac Newton realized the sun, and not the earth is the centre of our solar system. The change of his stance towards the end of his life was significant, because it demonstrates the manner in which ideology affects people’s knowledge and how epistemology (the theory of knowledge) changes with time and circumstances. He was a sympathizer of the Whig Party of Britain at the time and a believer in the monarchy. When he realized that his theories could jeopardize Christianity and the constitutional order based on monarchy, he downgraded the anteriority of Egyptian civilization to suite his religious inclination by placing the beginning of Egyptian civilization to just before the legendary Trojan War (about 1200-1300 B.C.). Yet, the Egyptian civilization and ideas stretched thousands of years prior to the Trojan War! </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The contributions of John Dalton (1766-1844) in his Atomic Theory, which states that <strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">elements consisted of tiny particles called atoms, are well-known even to non-scientists. What is more noteworthy is that Isaac Newton was aware that the atomic theory was known to the Ancient Egyptians. It requires extraordinary courage on the part of non-African scholars to volunteer this information to the Africans because it has practical implications. It mentally liberates present day Africans. After all, the poverty and plight of Africans cannot be due to genes – the same genes that made the Ancient Egyptians are still at work today. We shall come to the causes of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>’s decline later.</span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">Dalton</span></strong></st1:place></st1:city><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">’s Atomic Theory held that matter can neither be created nor destroyed and atoms are the smallest particles of matter [inter alia]. It is not until the era of Einstein (1879-1955) with his famous equation, E=MC<sup>2</sup>, showing the relationship between the amount of energy released when matter is destroyed in a nuclear reaction times the speed of light squared, that Dalton was surpassed in modern times. </span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">However, George James in his book </span><u>Stolen Legacy</u></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"> (1992, 1998), explains that the Egyptian Atomic Theory did not say atoms cannot be split. As it is common place now, in 1938 the first atom was split in the laboratory through the work of Hahn and Strassman. Earlier, Lord Rutherford had demonstrated the existence of sub-atomic particles. In 1945, atomic bombs were dropped on <st1:city w:st="on">Hiroshima</st1:city> and <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nagasaki</st1:place></st1:city>, the first time atomic energy was ever used in warfare (J.D. Bernal – </span><u>Science in History</u></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">). </span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">It appears by the time of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Dalton</st1:place></st1:city>, through faulty translation and lack of understanding, the Egyptian Atomic Theory had been misrepresented. But it is evident, from Isaac Newton in his </span><u>Principia Mathematica </u></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">that Europeans derived their atomic theory from Black Egyptians, especially from the Memphite Theology, compile by Pharaoh Shabaka in 750 B.C. It will be recalled that Shabaka made it clear he was formulating the knowledge and wisdom of the Africans of the interior, which they possessed several thousands of years before him.</span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">This takes us to the question as to whether the theoretical knowledge of the Ancient Egyptians has ever been surpassed. I am aware this question takes us to the domain of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Physics, which concerns the interconnectedness between matter, energy, space, time, gravitation, the velocity of light and the mechanics of sub-atomic particles. According to Reader’s Digest, a journalist once asked Dr. Albert Einstein whether it was true that only three people understood his Theory of Relativity. The story goes that Einstein took time to answer and when he was reminded that he was delaying in giving the answer, he stated that he was trying to figure out who the third person might be. So Einstein was sure of only two people – himself and another scientist. Even if I had been there as an adult, I wouldn’t have been one of the few to master the Theory of Relativity. I hope someone who has grasped the General Theory of Relativity will one day totally unraveled the riddle of the Memphite Theory and provide the answers to our questions.</span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">One thing is certain. The Egyptian Memphite Theory has been utilised in science to explain the origin of our Solar system in the Nebular Hypothesis put forward by Kant and Laplace in the 18<sup>th</sup> Century. The Big Bang Theory, which holds that the universe came into being as a result of an explosion (Big Bang), seeks its origin in the Memphite Doctrine of the Uncreated Creator (George James, </span><u>Stolen Legacy</u></strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;">). The explosion could not have come from nothing. The difficulty with Egyptian knowledge systems is that it was kept secret and jealously guarded, as much as professionals still do jealously protect their professions today. One would need long periods of training before being initiated into the Mystery System of the Egyptians. It is for this reason that the Greek philosophers never fully mastered Egyptian knowledge and new information continues to surface. This takes us to the loss of knowledge to humankind with the destruction of the Great Library at <st1:city w:st="on">Alexandria</st1:city> in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> and the lost universities of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>. </span></strong></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">University students relish anecdotes about artful novices who used to successfully pass for world famous professors in the <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Timbuktu</st1:place></st1:city> and deliver public lectures in the names of the professors. Whatever the origin of the mischievous stories, the learning community can rest assure that in fact, a world famous university did exist in the city of <st1:city w:st="on">Timbuktu</st1:city> (Timbuctoo) in present day <st1:country-region w:st="on">Mali</st1:country-region> in <st1:place w:st="on">West Africa</st1:place>. It was called <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Sankore</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place> and was attended by scholars from the West African region as well as other, foreign countries. It taught Law, Medicine and Surgery, Letters, Grammar, Geography and Art (Chancellor Williams, 1991). At that time, Art encompassed manufacturing, construction and allied crafts. It was reputed for its exacting admission requirements. It reached its zenith during the Songhay Empire, but came into existence much earlier. The successive empires of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Ghana</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mali</st1:place></st1:country-region> and then Songhay occupied this territory. Here we are talking of the 15<sup>th</sup> and 16<sup>th</sup> centuries and earlier periods, before any European explorers stepped there. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Noteworthy is the fact that this great revival of learning arises almost simultaneously with the Renaissance of Europe to which Islamised Black North Africans (Moors) contributed fundamentally. In the same land of the Blacks (Western Sudan), there were other centres of learning at Jenne and <st1:place w:st="on">Goa</st1:place>. The story of destruction of these universities and other landmarks of Black civilization deserve a whole coverage of their own in this column. Towards the onset of their demise, Black Moslems had taken over. Basil Davidson has written a complete book, among so many on African civilizations, entitled <b><u>Lost Cities of Africa</u></b>. The cities covered all the regions of the continent. There are many manuscripts current being recovered from the ruins of <st1:city w:st="on">Timbuktu</st1:city> in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Mali</st1:country-region>, and neighbouring <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Niger</st1:place></st1:country-region> (Runoko Rashidi, 2007). President Thabo Mbeki of the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Republic</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">South Africa</st1:placename></st1:place> has offered financial help for their preservation.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">One of the greatest task of African scholars is to interrogate whether present day Africans are directly linked to the advanced systems of ancient Egypt – whether the science of medicine, mathematics, agriculture, animal husbandry, etc. of Egypt survive in one form or another among the present day Ugandans and other African communities. I will concentrate on arts, to which I am better acquainted with. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The Egyptian Ma’at (Goddness of Truth and Justice) survives in Luganda as Kummatiza (to prove or establish the truth). One of the Runyankole words for God, Kazoba (Sun) is evidently the same as Egyptian Sun God Ra - not the same words but surely the same idea. Among the Banyarwanda/Bafumbira and kindred communities, there is a legend to the effect that God had 12 children and one of them - Cyrille Ruvugama - died in a tree. This legend could be related to the story of the 12 disciples, and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Recall that Christ is Greek rendering of African (Egyptian) Kher Sesheta. My interviews with elders from Kisoro and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Rwanda</st1:place></st1:country-region> indicate that before initiation in traditional religion one underwent the ritual of bathing, which is equivalent to baptism. A mentor of the initiate was a necessity - analogous to the requirements of a godfather/godmother in Christianity.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Before the advent of coffins and concrete graves Banyarwanda/Bafumbira used to bury a dead person after placing him/her in the position of an embryo in its mother’s womb, quite the same as ancient Egyptians did, for they believed the departed was beginning a new life, forming again as a foetus in the mother’s womb, reflecting a religious belief in life after death. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Evidence from other parts of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Uganda</st1:country-region> and the rest of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place> is equally convincing. In fact the evidence from Northern Uganda is more certain and less controversial, precisely because they are nearer to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>. In present day <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region>, there was the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Funj</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Kingdom</st1:placetype></st1:place> inhabited by the Shilluk (Chancellor Williams). Arab writers, scholars and conquerors corrupted the name to Ashuli and eventually it became Acholi (Okot P. Bitek, <b><u>The Religion of Central Luos</u></b>). Consequently, Arab accounts about the Shillluk tell us a lot about the Acholi people and their kin, which constitute the Luos. In the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Funj</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Kingdom</st1:placetype></st1:place> as well as the other states of Makuria, Alwa and Nobadae people lived in planned cities, practiced cloth weaving, traded in cotton fabrics, and lived in permanent buildings. They practiced Christianity under the Patriarch of Alexandria, though later with the advancing Moslem Turks from <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>, many converted to Islam. The Patriarch of Alexandria lead Christians (and still does) who trace their traditions to St. Mark as opposed to European Christians who trace their doctrines to St. Paul and St. Peter, of Rome. It is the Arab slavers that destroyed the states (Chancellor Williams).</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The destruction was so thorough that when the British occupied Acholiland, their work was a foregone conclusion; any resistance was easily crushed (Prof. Webster and Onyango Odongo, <b><u>Achonya</u></b>). Achonya is the period in Luo history before European colonization of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>. By then, any trace of Christianity in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sudan</st1:place></st1:country-region> had been virtually wiped out. Can anyone today believe that the African Christians of Sudan (Makuria) raised an army of 100,000 men and threatened to march upon <st1:city w:st="on">Alexandria</st1:city> when the Patriarch of Alexandria was imprisoned by Moslem rulers in 745 A.D., more than 1000 years before European missionaries arrived in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region>? The Patriarch of Alexandria was the head of all Christian churches in <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place> (Chancellor Williams). Eventually the Patriarch was freed and freedom of worship was guaranteed to the Christians of the time. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The literacy and advance astrological knowledge of the Dogon of Mali has been touched. So has the literate priesthood of the Monomotapa Empire of <st1:place w:st="on">Southern Africa</st1:place>. It might not be immediately obvious to link Southern African civilization to Ancient Black Egypt but we need to note that Azania was the region, which today constitutes parts of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Ethiopia</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Somalia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Some nationalists of <st1:country-region w:st="on">South Africa</st1:country-region> had insisted on naming their <st1:place w:st="on">Azania</st1:place> during the struggle to dislodge apartheid. But for <st1:country-region w:st="on">Uganda</st1:country-region>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region>, West Africa, the direct link with ancient <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> in the Arts and religion is evident from the observations made above. The Meru of Kenya have been traced to the Meroe Empire – one of the earliest centres of Black Egyptian civilization (Alfred Imanyara, in his quest to trace the proto-type Bantu). </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Perhaps, because science is more prestigious, whenever any seemly scientific knowledge appears among Africans it attributed to “trial and error” or accident or some other fortuitous occurrence. It is not denied that trial and error or accident can lead to discovery and invention. However, some skills and practices in medicine appear rather too elaborate to be explained by mere trial and error or accident. In the 19<sup>th</sup> century a Scottish missionary doctor, Robert Felkin, witnessed a native Munyoro doctor perform a caesarean operation. The doctor removed the baby from its mother’s womb, sealed the surgical cuts and both the mother and the baby survived. The doctor reports that in similar complications in <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Britain</st1:country-region></st1:place> at the time, the level of medicine/surgery could not have saved both the mother and the baby – only the mother possibly, but not both. (Ivan Sertima, <b><u>Blacks in Science.</u></b>) Dr. Babugura and Dr. Muniini, both medical doctors, attributed the surgical skills to Baganda. However, the Baganda and the Banyoro are neighbours and both possessed the skill. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">I was recently informed by interviewees from Ankole that Banyankole cattle keepers could perform veterinary surgery inside the womb of a cow, in a case of still calving with retained embryo, and remove the embryo, without harming the cow. It appears to me that some of the knowledge is a residue of the ancient, scientific practices of the Egyptians. Prof. Babugura in <b><u>“Infusing Ethno-Mathematics/Ethno-Science in the Curriculum”</u></b> (unpublished), has pointed out several scientific principles among the Madi, Bakiga, Bagisu, Bahima, Baganda and Batswana. There is a clear link with the Arts. Is it possible that some of the logical taboos of today’s African communities survive from the sciences that were practised in Ancient Egypt? </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">In herbal medicine, the native doctors used to spend years in the forest studying plants. Sometimes several herbs had to be combined to treat diseases. It is well known that the medicine men and other craftsmen kept their knowledge secret and continue to do so, not for selfish reasons, incidentally. In the case of medicine men, the primary reason is to safeguard society against misuse of the knowledge. Consequently, the knowledge/skills are kept a secret until a trusted relative is identified and knowledge is imparted to him/her; if none is available, then the practice is imparted or passed to a neighbor, who is given the privilege. Of course, this is done sometimes when the doctor has grown old, even senile, and some of the knowledge is lost.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">In modern times, knowledge is disclosed in patent documents, but you can not use them without permission for an average of 20 years. In the Patent Office in the Justice Ministry in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Uganda</st1:country-region>, there is not a single patent application, which will make Ugandans acquire technology enough to enable them to compete with Europe or <st1:place w:st="on">North America</st1:place> or other advanced countries in the world. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Incidentally, when we talk about the decline of the black people from 1500 A.D., we are focusing on the Black people of African continent. Those in the Diaspora in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region> (North and South) made significant contributions in spite of enslavement. Their inventions are registered in the names of their masters because slaves (even scientists) were classified as property by law, and property cannot own property. Is this sound jurisprudence? That will be another chapter later.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">It has been opined that before the world of scholarship can settle the question as to whether the theoretical knowledge of the Black Ancient Egyptians has been surpassed, judgment or verdict should be deferred until the Riddle of the Memphite Theology has been resolved, just to underline the advanced nature of African knowledge of the past.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b>So what went wrong?</b></div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The conquest of the world by whites after the European Renaissance, encompassing subjugation of the whole of North America, <st1:city w:st="on">South America</st1:city>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Australia</st1:country-region>, the whole of Africa, apart from <st1:country-region w:st="on">Ethiopia</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Liberia</st1:place></st1:country-region> (which was acquired for freed slaves, who had been captured by force) was accomplished largely through the use of firearms. Local factors also played a role.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The Ancient Egyptians, Chinese and Arabs knew the chemical composition of gunpowder (David Bernal, 1983). It is in <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> that gunpowder was harnessed to propel missiles, marking a turning point in human relations, for firearms made Europeans invincible against Africans. The ancients used gunpowder for ceremonial purposes only. To appreciate this fatal neglect on the part of the Black Africans, it is significant to realise that blacks and whites have had different attitudes towards violence and foreigners. According to Cheikh Anta Diop (<b><u>The Cultural Unity of Blacks, 1959</u></b>), white culture developed under harsh conditions on the steppes of the <st1:place w:st="on">Eurasia</st1:place> landmass and aggression became a necessity. This was the Northern Cradle of Civilization.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">In Africa, in the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Nile</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Valley</st1:placetype></st1:place> and elsewhere the conditions were congenial and peaceable pursuits, with insufficient attention to military processes developed. This was the Southern Cradle of Civilization, spreading from <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> to the Middle East and parts of <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place> where the two civilizations met and interacted, the area of confluence. Cheikh Anta Diop argues that the seemingly humane nature of European Civilization such as early Christianity (which obliges Christians to turn the other cheek if attacked?), developed as a result of the influence of African ideas on Europeans and Asians.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">I intend to compare African atrocities and European/Asian atrocities in a separate article; not that we should resurrect and glorify “follies and misfortunes” of humankind, but to demonstrate that the much hyped barbarities, such as human sacrifice or infanticide practiced by Africans were nursery school drama compared to European and Asian atrocities. The article is essential to drive home the point that African upheavals of recent times could be a result of the type of education and culture acquired after colonization.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The use of Iron in technology, which is much more difficult than the harnessing of copper and gold, was known to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> at the dawn of civilization. The chariot as a war device was known to Egyptians. It is meaningless therefore to keep using the phrase “<i>reinventing the wheel</i>” in <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>. The African invented it long ago and in actual fact used the steam engine to pump water, (the Moors), long before James Watt (1736-1819) was born (<b><u>The Golden Age of the Moors</u></b>). </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The pacificism of the Africans saw Asians and Europeans come to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> as traders, immigrants, settlers and refugees without much opposition. Espionage, which is one of the oldest professions in support of warfare and statecraft, was then, as of now, known. In 700 B.C., the Assyrians defeated <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region>, but it was not until 525 B.C. that <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> came under prolonged occupation under the Persians. This date, 525 B.C., marks a landmark in the story of African people. That is when large scale migrations/flight of Africans began, to the south and other directions. The Assyrians, Persians were later followed by other conquerors such as Greeks, Romans, and some “Barbarian” tribes, the Arabs, Turks, French and the British. It is these diverse groups that impacted on the indigenous black population that resulted, through intermarriages, into <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>’s peculiar character, reflecting European, African, Asian and Arab influences, both culturally and racially.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Although <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> is now an Arab country, <st1:place w:st="on">Southern Egypt</st1:place> still has a black population, such as the Nubians of Egypt. Occasionally you hear Egyptians emphasise their Egyptian character more than their “Arab-ness”. So <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region> is now brown, a source of confusion when racists try to portray ancient Egyptians as white or brown in character. But Egyptians do not make that mistake. In 2001 when I visited there, the guides in the <st1:placename w:st="on">Egyptian</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Museum</st1:placetype> were emphatic that the people behind the wonders of the Egyptian civilization were people of the interior, of the <st1:place w:st="on">Upper Nile</st1:place>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">It has been pointed out that the Black people of <st1:country-region w:st="on">Sudan</st1:country-region> whose descendants live right now in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Uganda</st1:place></st1:country-region> held on till recently. However, the most decisive single use of violence against the African was enslavement, by Arabs from the North, after the conquest of Egypt in 642 A.D., and Europeans in West Africa, by virtually all of the trading nations of Western Europe, in northwest and southwest Africa by the Portuguese and Spaniards, in South Africa by the Dutch/Boers, and the Portuguese, who met the Arabs in Mozambique. Both the Europeans and the Arabs ravaged the continent from all directions. To my knowledge, the account of hemming in all of the African people from all directions from the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean and the <st1:place w:st="on">Indian Ocean</st1:place> is best given by Chancellor Williams in <b><u>The Destruction of Black Civilization</u></b>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Dr. Walter Rodney points out in “<b><u>How Europe Underdeveloped Africa</u></b>”, that from the archives of the capitals of countries that engaged in enslavement of Africans and the slave trade, i.e. Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and Holland (Netherlands), etc., valuable information about the level of development of Africa at the time of slavery and the slave trade can obtained from the diaries and reports of the slave traders. This was so because the slavers were acting on behalf of their countries and before attacking their victims they needed information which, they got through espionage, so as to establish whether their (African victims) were war-like or peaceful; how they were organized for resistance; the level of production for food and other necessities, etc. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The surest way to conquer a people is to eliminate its intelligentsia, the ruling class, artisans, in a word, the elite in society. After killing or capturing the intelligentsia into slavery, the rest of the masses became helpless, confused and desperate, easy prey for those armed with firearms and not arrows, bows and spears. The tactics of divide and rule, of playing one tribe against another are well covered in our school text books. But, generally down played or omitted is that Africans generally were enslaved as victims rather than participants, including in some cases, kings, chiefs and their relatives (Hoschild, <b><u>The Ghost of King Leopold</u></b>). Let it be emphasized that once the elite had been eliminated, it required only one generation (25-30 years) of harassment for civilization to be totally wiped out. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">This was the scenario – doctors, engineers, surveyors, priests, teachers, etc. are killed and survivors run for their dear lives. Because they are on the run they have no opportunity to practice their trades/professions. After they flee within a few years, because of the macabre/harassment leading to exhaustion, starvation and stress and therefore susceptibility to disease. They would not have been able to pass on their skills to the next generation, and hence a civilization which had lasted several thousand years could be brought to an end within one scarce generation. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">This scenario, at the same time, explains why people ran away from those ravaging the continent for slaves. Basil Davidson, in <b><u>Lost Cities of Africa</u></b>, indicates that some of the latest communities to enter this region that is the Masai, Iteso, Akarimajong, Bahima, Batutsi, etc. were running away from European and Asian invaders from <st1:place w:st="on">Northern Africa</st1:place>. To escape and hide from the invaders, many Africans including the elite took to areas that were generally inhospitable, the swamps, forests, and caves (Chancellor Williams). These are some of the “<i>Savages</i>”, the explorers wrote about; and the reason why eminent Eurocentric historians could afford to assert that the Africans lay in slumber for thousands of years until reawakened by foreigners. Enslavement ravages and subsequent colonization through conquest created a black-out in the history of <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place>.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Sometimes it is debated among scholars, and the general public as to which form of enslavement was more devastating than the other, the Arab slave trade or European Atlantic slave trade. This is not immediately important, except that many Africans here and in the Diaspora have raised the question of reparations – compensations for the enslavement. Chancellor Williams, who did field work for 16 years in Africa, and made his conclusions from records, documents, oral history tested against archaeology and documentation, came to the conclusion that the population of Africa, through enslavement and wars of conquest, was reduced to 25% (1/4) of what it should have been. This is a process which began in 1440s for the Europeans and 7<sup>th </sup>century for Arab enslavers and stretched into the 20<sup>th</sup> century – a process of more than 1300 years.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">Apologists state that some African chiefs participated in the slave trade - yes, and some were also later captured and sold – <b><u>The Ghost of King Leopold</u></b>. It has been rightly asked whether the participation of a handful of opportunistic Jews in the Holocaust/Genocide can absolve Nazis of their criminality. Not at all. So with Africans. </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">The humiliation of Africans by reducing them to the level of property led to low esteem on the part of Africans and the command by means of violence on part of Europeans to prestige and triumphalism. In addition, the Europeans have never lost the civilization they acquired from the Ancient Egyptians through the Greeks.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">A corollary of this racial equation is that there are many African intellectuals who readily attribute African achievements to Europeans or Arabs. It is amply clear therefore, that through our education system, the self esteem of the African people must be restored. The need for reform is self evident.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">I understand in the Faculty of Technology at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Makerere</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>, Cheikh Anta Diop is taught. Post-graduate medical students in the same University recently informed me that Imhotep is compared and contrasted with Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.). Imhotep, (who lived thousands of years before Hippocrates was born) is the Father of Scientific Medicine and the Greeks were aware of this. The Hippocrates Oath, which medical graduates take to preserve life, etc. was not even authored by Hippocrates (Dr. Charles S. Finch, in <b><u>Great Black Leaders- Ancient and Modern</u></b>). (See also the <b><u>Journal of African Civilizations</u></b>, December, 1987 Volume 9.) Imhotep is also credited with being the first engineer to be known by the name and achievement. He was the builder of the Stepped Pyramid at Saqqarah near <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Memphis</st1:place></st1:city> about 2500 B.C. (<b><u>History of the Engineering Profession – Encyclopaedia Britannia</u></b>, 15<sup>th</sup> Edition – Volume 6). </div><div style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;">In addition to being an engineer, he was a physician, an architect, astrologer and Vizier /chief minister, all in one. No wonder he was defied and worshipped as a god of medicine in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Egypt</st1:country-region> and subsequently in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Greece</st1:place></st1:country-region> itself. Hippocrates studied medicine at the Library of the <st1:placetype w:st="on">Temple</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Imhotep</st1:placename> in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-46864681872324548842011-07-11T23:48:00.001+03:002011-07-11T23:55:34.942+03:00The African Contribution To Technology and Science<div align="center"><span style="font-family: Arial;">by Yosef ben-Jochannan (1986)</span></div><span style="font-family: Arial;">I will first express my appreciation for you having me here, and ask that you meticulously follow my comments, because as you know I'm known to be controversial, and that's an understatement. I'm controversial not because something is wrong with my documentation, but because I challenge Western hegemony.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Africa, as the label of my talk, cannot be spoken of in terms of Adam and Eve, because long before they had an <i>Adam and Eve</i> there was an <i>Africa</i> and <i>African</i> people, with concepts that predated Abraham. All of the pyramids of Africa, not only those in Egypt, but those in Sudan, and the two in northern Ethiopia (which the British and the Berlin Conference removed and put into southern Sudan), where built thousands of years before there was an Adam and Eve mentioned anywhere on the planet. When you get to the birth of Abraham, at the same time when the Africans along the Nile are already in their thirteenth dynastic period, there is no Adam and Eve, because the Hebrews gave you the concept of Adam and Eve. Most of you believe that it has something to do with facts, rather than theocracy.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">To speak of Africa you would have to revise your concept of the Virgin Mary and understand that it's nothing but a copy of Isis, and her husband God Osiris. You will also have to go to the Nile Valley to the temples there and see that this is thousands of years before Westminster Abbey, and, of course the Vatican in Rome. You can go all over the Nile Valley and elsewhere, and I use the Nile Valley, particularly, in that the oldest records of man are still there in terms of monuments. Of course, there are a lot stolen from Africa here in London, and in Berlin or other such places.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Your ancestors gave to the world the calendar in 10,000 B.C.E. (Before the common "Christian" Era). That is 8,000 years before Adam and Eve. Your ancestors revised that dating system because of their understanding of the astronomical calculations. It is the science of astronomy that gives the ability to read calendars. Thus 10,000 B.C.E. saw the first calendar. The term is self explanatory, the solar calendar showing the relationship of the moon and the sun, etc. that gives us the basis of the present calendar, with 364 days corrected each year, instead of 365 days corrected each fourth year. And I will say again that there wasn't a single European society in existence at that time. The first European writer, Homer, had not been born yet. And when Homer was born and finally became literate because of the teachings the Africans gave him, he too started to corroborate the evidence your ancestors had by stating that even the gods of Europe, Greece, in particular, which was then called Pyrrhus, came from Ethiopia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I'm sure that those of you who have been to college, if not here in England somewhere else, know that I'm quoting from two works of Homer, the <i>Iliad</i> and the <i>Odyssey</i>, which brought Europe and England into civilization. The African we must talk about is the African that caused people to understand science, medicine, law, engineering, etc. It is common at the universities here to deal with science as if the art of medicine came from a Greek named Hippocrates. We don't have Hippocrates until about 333 B.C.E. Yet we don't need any record other than Hippocrates himself to know that what is being taught at the universities here are lies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">One has to realize that Hippocrates himself, in what is called the Hippocratic Oath, wrote that he had a god named Escalipius, the Greek name for the God Imhotep. Imhotep had died 2500 years before the birth of Hippocrates. Imhotep is the first known multigenius other than the one you call Michelangelo. We don't have Michelangelo until 1609 and he is not known until he does the work of Pope Julius II, who commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo used his cousin and other relatives as models for some of the biblical characters that he painted. The basis of engineering was created by Imhotep. He created the first stone structure; that building still stands in a place called Sakkara, about less than an hour north-west of what is today called Cairo. And here you will see the Grand Lodge of Djoser at Sakkara. That modern structure was built in the Third Dynasty, since Djoser was the third pharaoh of the Third Dynasty. Imhotep was the man who gave us the little quip, "eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we shall die."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The FIRST WORLD western university was the University of Jenne of Timbuktu. But as we continue, we realize that in the universities here you use paper to write on, and if it was not for paper the means of communication would not be as it is today. But in Egypt, Sudan and other such places, and I will remind you that Egypt is still in Africa, the Africans reached such a height in engineering that we even turned the Nile in an <i>s-turn</i> to cut down the flow when the inundation period came. That brings us to 2200 B.C. That means at least 1400 years before the first European wrote anything.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Africa, Mother Africa, as I prefer to call her, understanding that the Greeks called her Africa in about 500–400 B.C. I'm talking about the time when the first Greeks who had gone to Pyrrus, who had come into Egypt by way of Leba (now called Libya) and established their little villages in a little enclave, they then called Africa long before the continent was partitioned by the colonialists. I am speaking about 11.3 or 11.5 million square miles of land, where first the concept of a God and Goddess Nut is shown as the mother of the sky. Symbolically, the God Geb, the god of the earth, lived in a little chapel in the center of Hathor. The African woman is giving birth even to the sun, in the morning through her vagina and receiving the sun back in the evening through her mouth. This shows the whole rotation of the world, long before the world had a beginning and an end. These Africans along the Nile were to do more of this. They were to give us a God Osiris, where people went yearly to pay pilgrimage long before there was a wailing wall in Palestine or a myth of a Jesus born in Bethlehem, which changed at the Nicene Conference of Bishops, ordered by Constantine and removed from a cave in Ethiopia to a manger in Bethlehem.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It is Africa that gave birth to Hadzart Bilal ibn Rahab, who taught Mohammed ibn Abdullah, who was illiterate in his own language, not able to read and write. In spite of what your belief system may be, Hadzart Bilal ibn Rahab became the head of the Moslem embassies under Mohammed ibn Abdullah, Omar the Great, and Abu Bakr. I think that we need to know history before we can quote texts in religious scriptures.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">There was a myth of Africa as the home of a people who ate each other and missionaries. I wish we did eat the missionaries, it's never too late! We've got to understand that this Africa we are speaking about even established Europe's greatest universities and first, the University of Salamanca in Spain. The Africa we are speaking about produced the ancestors of the present Queen of England, George III, the German king who spoke no English. We forget that Elizabeth's grandparents and ancestors are related to George III, who was the son of Alexander the Medici, the cardinal of Rome who later became Pope, and an Ethiopian woman by the name of Martha. So I have to say, don't worry too much about it because Elizabeth belongs to the family. The Africa, which you may not know, happened to give birth to Zinjanthropus Boisei by the Africans of Kenya. The Leakey family, Louis and Mary, dated him to 1.7 million years old. Adam is about 4000–5000 years. The Africa you do not know gave birth also to Lucy in Ethiopia dated 3.2 million years old, they are both in Kenyan and Ethiopian museums. And some of us are still ashamed to be Africans! Some of us pay money to have our nose reshaped, our hair fried and boiled and all sorts of things, because we don't know this Africa; we know the Africa of the slave trade with John Hawkins from London and the other little songs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Yes, that is the phase of Africa. Surely, slavery is a phase of lives past, but slavery is a tiny little bit from 640 A.D. with the Arabs, 1506 A.D. with the Europeans to now as against what I'm talking about; it is minuscule by comparison, because if I wished to go back to Africa, not only when we were performing astronomy, engineering in establishing the pyramids and so forth, but when we gave to the world the fundamental moral concept. "I have not killed man or woman." This is a response to the admonishing of the Goddess Maat. You notice that every time we talk about justice and rights we have as African woman representing the scale of justice. The response to the admonishing which would have stated, "You shall not speak ill of your mother and your father; you shall not kill man or woman; you shall not hide a light under a bushel," sounds familiar to you because they said some guy named Moses discovered them thousands of years later on Mount Sinai.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Yet they said Moses was born in Goshen. This is the Goshen in Egypt according to the Torah or the Old Testament in the Book of Exodus. Moses had to be trained, and if he was born and lived there (for between age one to eighty-five years of age), according to your Bible, then he must have read this, because he was taught in the Grand Lodge. If he went to the lodge at age seven as a young boy, then he did not come out until he was forty-seven, because it took forty years of training to make a priest in all of the disciplines. So then, Moses came as nothing but a copy of the Egyptian priests and Teachings of <i>The Egyptian Mysteries System</i>.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">These same Africans went on to give us the concept of the monotheistic deity. Thus it was that Amenhotep IV, who changed his name to Akhenaton, who gave us the concept of a solitary god by the name of Aten. Akhenaton died long before the birth of Moses. Is it possible for you to come to England, go to kindergarten here, go to elementary school, college, do post-doctoral work and never hear of the English national anthem, the Magna Carta, or Queen Anne's stature? Is it possible, just as it was for Moses to be born in Egypt, a soul brother, because his first wife was Deborah, according to the Bible, and had never heard of Akhenaton.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">And it is said that when Moses was running away from the Pharaoh for committing murder (before he got the rod of Mount Sinai), and his brother Aaron was charged for stealing from the Pharaoh's treasury, he met Deborah. It would seem to be that Deborah said, "That Egyptian," pointing to Moses; there was nothing in Moses to tell that he was Jewish; he was not wearing any special clothes; he looked like any other soul brother you can find in London, the Caribbean, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ghana, the South Pacific. And then you say you are the minority! You are members of the third world. I am not a member of the third world, I am a member of the first world.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">When one of the first of the so-called philosophers came to Egypt, we see him before 640 B.C.E. When he was supposed to have released his philosophical thinking, he is in Egypt. From Socrates down to Aristotle, the so-called post-Socratian philosopher, every one of them spent several years in Egypt and of course the only one who couldn't come since he was the creation of Plato's mind, was Socrates. And even he (Socrates) was supposed to have taken the hemlock for teaching African philosophy: "Socrates is an evil doer" was part of the charge against him. Plato had to run (and all the others) for teaching this philosophy. Would you have to run from England for teaching English history? Neither would the Greek government persecute the Greek philosophers for teaching Greek philosophy. It was somebody's Philosophy they were teaching, and where did they go to school to know whose philosophy?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It is not until the Persians in 525 B.C.E. allowed them in, and it was not until 323 B.C.E. at the death of Alexander, the son of Philip of Macedonia, that Aristotle was allowed by General Soter (who changed his name to Ptolemy I) to have Tusak to bring those works down, that the Greeks had access to Egyptian works. Those who could study in Egypt for themselves did so, while some were sent over to Greece where they established what they called the Peripatetic schools in what later was called Alexandria, out of African materials.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Is that the Africa you know? It couldn't be, otherwise you couldn't be praising your masters; you would be going back to your educational past and be your own master, at least if not physically, mentally. It is difficult, because colonialism brings to us a kind of history written by the conqueror for the conquered to read and enjoy. When the conquered looks around and finds that even God speaks from the heart of the conqueror, the conquered then becomes suspicious of God. What is God's interest in all of this? It is not the African who said in the Songs of Solomon, Chapter 1, Verses 1–9, and when you get to 8 and 9, it says, "Ye daughters of Canaan look not upon me because I am black, because I'm beautiful. My mother put me in the vineyard, but my sister, she kept indoors." That is why the Queen of Sheba turned black. I thought it was because her mother and father were black! But even in the Bible you find lies, racism and all that. As if we didn't have Bibles. We have "The Book of the Dead" which was changed right here in London from its original name in 1895 at the British Museum. It was called "The Book of Coming Forth By Day and Night." We have the "Book of the Divines," "The Book of Judgment," "The Heart of Judgment," and other such works, that preceded the Old Testament and the Jewish Kabala by thousands of years.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Africans gave us the concept against murder. When the Shipwats at the Temple of Philos, a Greek word, which means Angelica, by the way, of the Goddess Auset, which the Greeks called Isis, and her son Heru, who the Greeks called Horus, and all the gods viewed the murder of Osiris by his brother Seth. A murder that preceded the Cain and Abel murder by thousands of years, beginning on the island of Angelica, continuing at the Temple of the God Horus, continuing further and you see the Virgin Birth and Immaculate Conception. It is here long before you see it in lifestyle, and you can see in life-size the drama that preceded Greece, showing Horus killing his uncle for the revenge of killing his father, showing his uncle symbolically as a hippopotamus.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">This continued to the Temple of Osiris in Abydos, where pictures of the Virgin Birth, the Resurrection, showing Osiris' penis perpendicular to his body, being symbolic to the resurrection. When you go there you will see it all over the place. Those of you who have been to Egypt know that life is shown as the penis coming out of Peta's naval, representative of the extension of the umbilical cord, which is the extension of life, the source of life.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">The Africa that I have spoken of, you need to know, and no one can keep you a slave after you know it. In America there is a saying that "A mind is a terrible thing to waste." It is said on television all the time by people who call themselves "The United Negro College Fund." You can only waste your mind on that one, and by using the term "negro" it indicates they've got no minds, because I have been looking for a negro, and I haven't found one in umpteen years. Because I'm not a Portuguese, I don't create negroes nor Negroland. I'm an African, and that word we need to deal with as having come from the Greeks. I guess some say it has got good connotations. So I beg of you to always carry a mirror, whether you are a man or a woman, to look at yourself daily. Then you've got to have a good feeling about that face you've got, the texture of hair you've got, and all the fine features you've got. I don't know about you, brothers, but when I look at the face of that African woman, I see heaven!</span><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-80342763606999471092011-07-01T02:24:00.000+03:002011-07-01T02:24:23.745+03:00ETHIOPIA: ANCIENT LAND OF AFRICA<div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">By YAW DAVIS </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Ethiopia is the land of our fathers, the land where God loves to be.”</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">ETHIOPIA TRULY STRETCHES FORTH HER HANDS TO GOD</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">thiopia is one of the oldest continuous civilizations in the world. Most of us identify Ehtiopia with Emperor Hailie Selassie or the queen of Sheba (Saba). The land of Sheba was referred to as Saba by the Ethiopians. The actual name of queen of Sheba was Queen Makeda. The time span between the reigns of queen Makeda and Emperor Hailie Selassie is approximately 3000 years. Most of the world is familiar with this period of history wherein Ethiopians ruled a great civilization. Most people are unaware of the existence of at least 97 other sovereign rulers who reigned prior to Queen Makeda. Once we include the rule of these 97 sovereigns, Ethiopian civilization can be tracked back to 3000 B.C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We are familiar with Ethiopia from passages in the Old Testaments of the bible. Genesis Chapter 2, Verse 13 refers that flowed out of Eden. One of these is River Gihon which is the river that encircles Cush (sometimes in the bible Cush and Ethiopia are used interchangeably). The Gihon is another name for the Blue Nile River of Ethiopia. In addition to Ethiopia being one of the oldest civilizations in the world, Ethiopia is also one of the oldest Christian Nations in the world. The Ethiopian court was first introduced to Christianity in approximately the year 42. Some of you may remember the story of the Ethiopian Eunuch as written in Acts Chapter 8, Verse 27: “Then the angel of the Lord said to Phillip, Start out and go south to the road that leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza. So he set out and was on his way when he caught sight of an Ethiopian. This man was a eunuch, a high official of the Kandake (Candace) Queen of Ethiopia in charge of all her treasure.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The passage continues by describing how Phillip helped the Ethiopian understand one passage of Isaiah that the Ethiopian was using. After the Ethiopian received an explanation of the passage, he requested that Phillip baptize him, which Phillip obliged. I cross referenced some of my Ethiopian materials and discovered that Queen Gersamot Hendeke VII (very similar to Kandake) was the Queen of Ethiopia from the year 42 to 52. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The aforementioned reveals that the Ethiopian court was introduced to Christianity in the 1<sup>st</sup> century. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another very interesting fact with respect to Christianity that remains hidden is the fact that Christianity became the official state religion of Ethiopia in the year 320 (the forth Century) during the rule of emperor Ezana. Further the Ethiopians commemorated the event (acceptance of Christianity as the state religion) by removing the image of the crescent from their coins and replacing it with the Christian cross!! The Ethiopians of what was known as the Axumite Empire minted, distributed and utilized coins for money. Hundreds of varieties of coins were minted in gold, silver and bronze during the Axumite Empire over a period that spanned 700 to 1000 years. The Axumites also built numerous monuments, palaces, temples and other structures in northern Ethiopia. Some remain standing after 2000 years. </span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-82794274338458419332011-07-01T02:18:00.003+03:002011-10-12T01:33:47.212+03:00Ubuntu - The Image of God<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: #F4F4F4; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black;">Ubuntu, a Bantu word, defines what it means to be truly human. We affirm our humanity when we acknowledge that of others.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN">Yesterday, I saw a photograph on Yahoo News of young Israeli girls writing messages on war missiles. I assume, given that these same missiles were intended for Lebanon that the messages weren't of peace and prosperity for the Lebanese. But I wonder if these girls completely understood the implications of the missiles – that, when launched, they will, in all likelihood, kill or maim other little girls, who just happen to be Lebanese. Empathy seems to be in pretty short order these days, so probably it won't even matter to them. Equally appalling is that these sentiments are perhaps as, if not more, rabidly reflected in the opposite camp. Spreading hate as adults is vile enough, but to teach it to your own children is unforgivable.<br />
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Perhaps half the troubles in this world would be over if parents gave up saying, I don't want you to talk, play or associate in any way with <i>them</i>, I won't allow you to get to know them, I don't want you to like them, because, get this straight, they are not like <i>us</i> - they are gooks or kikes or hajis or huns or niggers and so on – everything except people like us. The emphasis being on 'Not like us and therefore a whole lot less worthy of inhabiting this planet than we are.'<br />
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Perhaps the world would be a more peaceful place if more emphasis was placed instead on teaching respect, decency, and tolerance, on teaching Ubuntu.<br />
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<b>What is Ubuntu?</b><br />
The word 'Ubuntu' originates from one of the Bantu dialects of Africa, and is pronounced as uu-Boon-too.<br />
It is a traditional African philosophy that offers us an understanding of ourselves in relation with the world. According to Ubuntu, there exists a common bond between us all and it is through this bond, through our interaction with our fellow human beings, that we discover our own human qualities. Or as the Zulus would say, "Umuntu Ngumuntu Ngabantu", which means that a person is a person through other persons. We affirm our humanity when we acknowledge that of others.<br />
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The South African Nobel Laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu describes Ubuntu as:<br />
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"It is the essence of being human. It speaks of the fact that my humanity is caught up and is inextricably bound up in yours. I am human because I belong. It speaks about wholeness, it speaks about compassion. A person with Ubuntu is welcoming, hospitable, warm and generous, willing to share. Such people are open and available to others, willing to be vulnerable, affirming of others, do not feel threatened that others are able and good, for they have a proper self-assurance that comes from knowing that they belong in a greater whole. They know that they are diminished when others are humiliated, diminished when others are oppressed, diminished when others are treated as if they were less than who they are. The quality of Ubuntu gives people resilience, enabling them to survive and emerge still human despite all efforts to dehumanize them."<br />
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<b>Religious Aspect of Ubuntu:</b><br />
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For many Africans, while they may belong to different societies and have different traditions and rituals, Ubuntu usually has a strong religious meaning. In general, the African belief is that your ancestors continue to exist amongst the living in the form of spirits and they are your link to the Divine Spirit. If you are in distress or need, you approach your ancestors' spirits and it is they who will intercede on your behalf with God. Therefore it is important to not only venerate your ancestors, but to, eventually, yourself become an ancestor worthy of veneration. For this, you agree to respect your community's rules, you undergo initiation to establish formal ties with both the current community members and those that have passed on, and you ensure harmony by adhering to the Ubuntu principles in the course of your life.<br />
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<b>Political Aspect of Ubuntu:</b><br />
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Since the downfall of Apartheid in South Africa, Ubuntu is often mentioned in the political context to bring about a stronger sense of unity.<br />
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On 19 February 1997, the South African National Assembly passed the White Paper For Social Welfare, and Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi, Minister for Welfare and Population Development, announced:<br />
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"The passage of the White Paper for Social Welfare through the National Assembly signals the start of a new era in welfare delivery in South Africa. For the first time in our country's history delivery in the welfare field will be driven by key principles such as democracy, partnership, ubuntu, equity, and inter-sectoral collaboration, among others."<br />
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The policy of Ubuntu is explained in the White Paper, published in August 1997, in Point 24 of Chapter 2. National Developmental Social Welfare Strategy -<br />
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"The principle of caring for each other’s well-being will be promoted, and a spirit of mutual support fostered. Each individual’s humanity is ideally expressed through his or her relationship with others and theirs in turn through a recognition of the individual’s humanity. Ubuntu means that people are people through other people. It also acknowledges both the rights and the responsibilities of every citizen in promoting individual and societal well-being."<br />
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It is not perfect, however. Ubuntu – which stresses on allowing every individual to have their equal say in any discussion and on ultimately reaching an agreement acceptable to all – could lead to conformist behavior in order to achieve solidarity. It seems a trifle ironic that Group Politics and the Herd Mentality – the human qualities common to us all, in fact - could derail the quest for the common goal.<br />
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<b>Social Aspect of Ubuntu:</b><br />
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Still, as they say, the good points outweigh the shortcomings.<br />
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Given the vast racial, cultural, religious, educational, and socio-economic differences apparent not just in South-African society but the world over currently, the concept of Ubuntu is really rather relevant. It is far too easy to go into the 'us and them' mode. It is far too easy to fall into the trap of judging a different people by our standards or by sticking to certain established stereotypical notions. If you instead regard someone as a fellow human being, all individual quirks and differences taken into account, there is perhaps a greater chance of achieving understanding.<br />
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And, achieving understanding is important and necessary, because, like it or not, we are all interconnected. What hurts you could one day come around and hurt me. What benefits me, if I'm not too selfish about it, could make a crucial difference in your life. And knowing you could bring a world of meaning and interest in mine. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="EN">Ubuntu</span></b><span lang="EN"> is an ethic or humanist philosophy focusing on people's allegiances and relations with each other. The word has its origin in the Bantu languages of southern Africa. Ubuntu is seen as a classical African concept. The Ubuntu operating system was named for this principle.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-10788213153482303312011-06-30T22:40:00.001+03:002011-06-30T22:40:55.474+03:00VAMPIRES OF CONSCIOUSNESS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">By PHILL VALENTINE</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">What you are going to have here is a scholastic breakdown and the historicity of what you good Christians out there have been worshiping. It is time to logistically put aside, to scholastically put aside this foul score Christianity. It is time to delete our consciousness atmosphere of its presence. Phill Valentines brings to you the Vampires of Consciousness, (the true historicity of The Church of Saturn), Christianity. There is no church of Saturn outside of Christianity. All religion encompasses the church of Saturn. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">First of all it is essential that we over stand the nature of a vampire. (1). It is a parasite by nature, (2). It feeds on the healthy, the innocent and the unsuspecting, (3). It appears beautiful, mysterious, alluring and powerful. (4). It sucks on the life stream of the host, depleting the life of the host until the host no longer knows who he or she is, (5). It affects and infects the host with a “virus”, until the host becomes one with the body of his redeemer, one with the consciousness of the vampire. (6). The host loses his sense of self, no longer perceiving the world in reality from a knowledge of self but from a perception or knowledge given to him by the vampire. That is where the name comes to “The Vampires of Consciousness.” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Christianity is crack for the mind and soul, religion is the crack pipe. It lives in ignorance. Ignorance is the mother of devotion. That which you are ignorant of, you worship, because you have no knowledge of what you worship. You believe in things you don’t understand, and that’s why you suffer. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Some of the books were banned, rejected or deleted by the Roman Christian church as <span style="color: red;">aparcrophor.</span> For example a book written by Paul about a story told by a prisoner who was in the Spanish inquisition (The Pit and The Pengellum). The word aparcrophor means, uninspired. Uninspired simply means that, “ok, this one can get through without telling too much.” For any Christians out there, (yes I know there are many of them), regardless of what branch you claim – Catholics are your father and your mother. It doesn’t matter what Christianity you worship, it doesn’t matter what bible you use. You are still using the text that came out of the Roman church under Constantine and the council of Naissia. You are a branch on the same tree with the same roots. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Among the books that were deleted includes, The Gospel of Thomas and Nickodemus, The Proto Evangelum of James, The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary, The History of Joseph the Carpenter, The Gospel of the Childhood of the Redeemer, The Gospel according to the Egyptians, The Gospel of Bartholomew, The Gospel of Judas Escariot, The Gospel of the Recollections of Peter, The Gospel of Adam and Eve, The Gospel of Barnabas, The Gospel of Barabbas, The Book of the Nazarenes, The Gospels of The Revelations of Peter, the Gospels of The Shepherd of Harmas, The first Apostle of Clement, The second Apostle of Clement, The Apostle to Barnabas, The Gospel of Tacians, The Gospel of The Assyians, The revelation of Elias, The Book of Clementius, The Gospels of Serak, the Book of Abudazura, The Gospel of Enoch,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and The Gospel of the infancy of Jesus the Christ. </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">THE BIRTH OF CONSTANTINE, THE FATHER OF CHRISTIANITY. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">On the crossroads of the ball kings, near a city called Naissus, an illegitimate child was born in 274 A.D. to a rural barmaid who flirted freely with a roman officer. The boy was named Constantine. He was born in the in. This boy was ambitious. He joined the Roman military and quickly climbed up to the ranks of soldiery in the east, on the banks of the Danube River for bravery in the battle. On that Danube River, he was given a tribune. He rose to become a Caesar. Across the bridge from Rome, were Maxtantius, and his army 200,000 strong and ready to face off with Constantine for the throne of Caesar. You have got to remember that at the time of Constantine, Rome was about to go into the toilet and at that time there was about five or six other thugs vying for the throne of Caesar. It must be remembered that before all this, in the second century, the Roman Empire had ceased to expand. In the third century, it crushed to pieces. Early in the forth century when Roman civilization was in the last stage of its own decline, there were six imperial thugs fighting for the throne of Caesar and Constantine was one of them. But Constantine had one advantage, the one hook that he used to gain the upper hand. He discovered that the Christians, at the time, would fight for an Emperor who favored their religion. They held strategic positions secretly both within and without the society. So he struck a bargain with the Christian Bishops, reaped his reward in victory over his rivals, and for this success he made Christianity the religion of the Empire and suppressed all other existing systems. It was not the gospel Jesus who established Christianity, but the Roman Emperor Constantine and it was Usibius of Sezzaria who finished the job of writing his fraudulent history of Christianity.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The Roman and Greek scholars of that time, mocked and dismissed this baby Jesus nonsense, the nemenja, and for that they paid with their lives. In the forth century Christianity rose to triumph. The victory was won, but not with Christian teachings. It was won by bloody swords and religious wars that continued to disembowel Europe for the next 1600 years. These wars in Europe have not ceased, look at Bosnia today. The Christian ministers of Rome there after were treated as kings, because of Constantine. Valuable gifts were given to the church, and Constantine gave the palace of the Lutherans to Silvestre, Bishop of Rome. This palace was once the estate of Fausta, the wife of Constantine. Then began the systematic murder of these initiates, of the ancient mystery system, who refused to accept the new faith.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Laws were instituted forbidding any other forms of worship in Rome. Churches were ordered built, and temples to the mysteries (which were actually schools at that time), at the command of Constantine. In his work, “The First Council of Nayissia (P. 19),” Arthur Dudley writes; “In all his orders respecting the church of Saturn, he, (Constantine), acted like an ancient Pope. Heresies were cursed and condemned and Heretics deprived of their rights of holdings and their houses of prayer were taken and bestowed on the Catholic Church. Their books were ordered sought after and destroyed.” All persecution by the church of Christianity written on the pages of ecclesiastical history began with Constantine, and extends to the present day. <span style="color: #c00000;">The Christian, (Constantine), emperor was the first to forbid free thought</span>. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">In a group of writings called the Hibert lectures, a man named Renan translates, “We search in vain through the collection of Roman laws before Constantine for any enactment aimed at free thought, or in the history of the emperors for the execution of the abstract doctrines. Men whom the Middle Ages would have burned such as Galen, Lucian, Plotinus, all lived in peace protected by law. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">At this point when we take a peep back into prehistory, the light of the world, (Cam/Egypt), had already been shining. Before Christianity in Rome, Rome was worshiping Isis, Rome was worshiping Krishna, (All black gods), and there were black emperors that they never tell you about. Septimus Severus was black. Constantine committed so many atrocities including the murder of Maximian, his wife’s father, Basimius, his sister’s husband, Lecinius, his nephew, Crispus, his own son, Fausta, his wife, whom he suffocated in a boiling hot bath. She was his wife of 20 years; she bore him three sons, his own mother whom he strangled with his bear hands. For all of this, the suppressing of free thought, the destroying of ancient mysteries, the murder of all of his closest friends and leading the church to victory over his enemies, he was canonized, “The Saint.” After his death, says Usibius, ephagies of this blessed man were engraved on Roman coins, sitting in and driving a chariot, with a hand reaching down from heaven to take him up. (This is from a book called “The life of Constantine,”) by Schlegel. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Such is the legacy of Christianity. A religion based on bloodshed, fraud, lies. A religion founded by greedy fools and confirmed by an assassin, Constantine. The atrocities of Constantine were also felt by his Theo- political rivals, whom he bled to death and caused countless to die in crusades to defend the faith. In a book titled the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire, by Gibbon the Historian says, “The church of Rome defended by violence, the empire which it had acquired by fraud. The following are direct quotes from Christianity’s founding fathers which depict the type of theological ethics practiced them in drafting the books that would be later used as the vilely inspired of God. It appears that the lying, forgeries, and fraud of the Christian founding fathers continue in Christianity today. T. W. Dwayne writes in a book called Bible Myths P. 434, “it was a common practice among the early Christian fathers and saints to lie and deceive if their lies and their deceits helped the cause of their Christ. </div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">HOTEP BROTHERS AND SISTERS</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">LOVE AND LIGHT</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-29463854651317066242011-05-26T12:14:00.000+03:002011-07-08T14:31:47.186+03:00WHO EXACTLY IS A JEW.<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">By Dr. JOHN HENRIK CLARKE</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">And, we can not separate folklores from facts. Too many times we swear by folklores not knowing that it has nothing to do with facts. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who exactly is a Jew?</b> There was no word called Jew in the ancient world. The word Jew did not come out of Africa, it did not come out of western Asia. It is a European word. There are people of the Hebrew faith all over the world. There are black Hebrews, there are brown Hebrews, there are yellow Hebrews. How is it that a bunch of Europeans called Jews dominate the word Jew to the extent of making you think that the very faith, Hebrew is exclusive to them, leaving out all other people? We become prisoners to circumstances in history, and we still react to this conquest of the mind. In slavery, we wanted to associate ourselves with people who had escaped from something. So we read a Jewish escape story called The Exodus, and we believed it without examining the story. Because if you examine the story you will find that the story is told to instill faith in a people. And sometimes if a story is told to instill faith and truth, the illustration used to get the final cause need not be true. How can 600,000 people cross the Nile? Cows, children, sheep, goats and on the other side the Nile just dried up, to less than muddy, (because they didn’t even get their feet muddy)? You can do it with imagination but in fact you can not do it. Western Asian people copied Nile Valley folk stories, personified themselves into the story and sold you, (African people); your own story and you bought it! </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Now let’s go back and deal with where they copied the story from. There is a three volume work by the University of Chicago on Egyptian literature. And there is a story in the three volumes dealing with a Pharaoh who got somewhat despondent and his magician decides to take him rolling on the Nile. And to make him happier, the boat would be roared by beautiful ladies. The lead lady stops roaring and starts crying and the Pharaoh was very much concerned at what had happened. He asks the lead what happened and she said she had dropped her necklace in the Nile. The Pharaoh told the magician to take care of it. At this time in history, all kings or Pharaohs chaired with a magician. Instead of you and I having a fight, we would have a contest between our respective magicians. So this magician parted the water and dried up the Nile, stepped out and picked out the lady’s necklace and gave it back to the lady and then the water gets back and the boats gets roaring again and that’s where the Jews copied the story. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">What I’m saying is that at this period in history, there was no such thing as a Jew. There were western Asian people who later joined the Hebrew faith. There was an extensive series on the history of the Jews. They gave them an artificial history, before Babylonia but they had no clear history before their entry into Africa as visitors seeking food and shelter. There in Africa, they sought and found food and shelter. They entered Africa with no clear language, no clear religion, and clear culture. They came seventy in number and left six hundred thousand in number. They had a culture, a language and a religion when they left, all taken from Africa. They were not Hebrews when they got there but they were Hebrews when they left.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Now you join the religion as though you have got to seek their permission, because the European Jews of the faith gave you the illusion that every thing must be dispended to you, (the African) because you invented nothing and you have achieved nothing, and there in the Nile Valley, the real valleys of Africa, you had set in motion the social thought of what would be the foundation of what you know as western civilization. Yet you have forgotten how to claim it.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">These visitors came into Africa in 1700 B.C., led by their patron father Abraham. In 1675, Africa was invaded through western Asia. Instead of taking the side of the Africans, they took the side of the invader. But while under the invaders, the collaborators and clerks and betrayers of their African friends they produced the world’s politician called Joseph the provider. The Africans came back to power and said, “Those who now wish to obey African rule may stay and the rest will have to go.” The African King came to power and that is the King who knew Nile Joseph, the King who owed the Jews no favor and the politician Joseph did not have any power around the throne because the throne was now an African throne. And it was after their contact with us that they entered human history. They have never been our friends when we needed them. The concept of a historical alliance between African people and people called Jews is a lot in a myth and a misconception. They over played every event in history when they came in contact with us. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">After this period, we have to deal with it now because we are not dealing with, because there are no Jews at this point in history. There is no Europe at this point in history. We are talking about the Western Asian people. At this point what you call the Middle East, that I call Western Asia, was Northwest Africa. This is documented I a book called “When Egypt Ruled the East. All of those Mediterranean Mulaterals and Indo-Europeans, who were shipped out to this area later, weren’t there at this time in history. We are not arguing about the color of that vast number of people because the only semi-European people and they were mixed were the Romans and the Greeks. We are not arguing about the color of Christ, I don’t argue his blackness, I argue his Europeaness! His non whiteness. There is no possibility that he could have been white.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When we look at what we are talking about in the change of the world, let’s look at this event in history and the reaction to it. Is it incidental that while he carried the cross up the hills, with twelve disciples, none of them stepped forward to help him with the cross? Who came forward, An Ethiopian, Simon of Sardinia? Could this have been a brother helping a brother? Otherwise why did no body else help him take that cross up the hill? I’m trying to show you where we related to the humanity of all people, but all people have not related to our humanity. We have been the true believers. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">After the Romans destroyed the last temple of the Hebrew faith, 70 A.D., now you’ve got to watch it. You’ve got to study the migration patterns of the world. Where did those western Asian people go? There is no migration pattern that took them to Europe. A migration pattern that too many of them into inner West Africa is evident though. For a large number of people of the Hebrew faith lived in ancient Ghana and lived in peace until 770 A.D. when they tried to collaborate with the Arabs to takeover the country and the Africans expelled them from the country. We have illusions about people. I would not be surprised when the day would come when I see the Jews and Arabs in the same political bed against the African people. Competent historians do the same thing to prove their cases as competent lawyers, they cite precedence. They point why it has already happened. There has already been a relationship between Africans and Jews and Arabs in Spain but 800 years when the African was the military arm that held Spain in the Mediterranean. And when they lost the power, the Arabs and the Jews came together against the Africans and began to enslave them. The Jews went to Holland and found the Dutch-East India and the Dutch-West India and subsequently they found South Africa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The same thing is happening in Detroit right now where there is a large Arab population and a Jewish population. The same thing is happening in Georgia where they are pushing the blacks out those Islands in Georgia to build condors. Jews’ and Arabs’ money together against blacks. My point is that these two people allegedly Semitic, neither one happened to be our friend.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">As the population calling themselves Hebrews flourished in North Africa and in Western Asia (and this continued in the population in Africa), until the twelfth century in Europe, most of these Europeans were Christians in other European denominations. There was a fierce fight between the Arabs and the Christians. One group would not want belong to either one, sought in option, and the option and the option was the Hebrew faith. So what you are calling Jews are Europeans of the Hebrew faith. Many times they live in communities of their choice. They did send kinds of work that other Europeans did not want to do and became so good at it, they dominated it, portable wealth, gold, jewelry. And because they became so small things called jewelry, out of which came the word “Jew,” a European word that has nothing to do with origins in western Asia or northern Africa, when they were just Western Asian people of the Hebrew faith. You find large numbers of people of the Hebrew faith in India; you find some in China, and some in the south Sea Island. But the European tries to dominate every thing he is a part of. And nothing came from the European mind that did not have as its intention the facilitation of the European domination of t he world. This is the accentual mission of every European whether he is a capitalist, or a communist, or a Christian, or a Roman.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Their crisis now is that they are realizing that the Africans and the Asians and the people of the South Sea Island keep on having increased birth rate and they keep on going to bed and not bringing it off but on. And soon there is not only going to be a minority but a tiny minority. They can not say that Africa or Asia has their intention of conquering Europe because neither one of them wants a third out of ice bergs that are agriculturally dying and politically dead. So the greatest punishment we can inflict on them is to leave them in their misery. Because of difference of opinion on religion and finance, the people in Europe of the Hebrew faith in their various branches became good at say bargaining things, money lending, fabric design and fabric manufacturing, theatre management, department store management and in Germany where they had department stores they had the fabrics, they had communication and they were literary asked to yield some thing. When didn’t, a mad man said, “I’ll take everything.” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">I have no problem condemning Adolf Hitler’s murders, but this was a European problem in Europe started by Europeans. In the 1880s, a lot of people of the Hebrew faith had the illusion that they were just like other Europeans, that they were integrated. And once they had their behinds kicked and were excluded out of things, they began to have the idea of having a state of their own. They didn’t exactly know what a state would be bur they drew the idea of a state from mythology because they never had a state. Their homeland of the European Jew is Europe. They can go back into folklore and mythology and tell you about a god named Yahweh, who told them to leave and go to their homeland in Palestine. But who told you that God was ever in a real estate building? And who told their god that Palestine was un-occupied? (Occupying land that is already occupied, throwing away some one).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The rock stars occupied the place of Napoleon. He offered them Palestine and they coughed at it. (Who wants that sea of sand)? They didn’t want it then. They were doing alright in Europe, in the banking industry, the theatre industry. When things began to pinch them, they began to reconsider. They considered Brazil once in space big enough to call a home land. Look at Palestine; it’s a door that swings three ways. It’s at the back door of Europe, the side door of western Asia and the front door of Africa. Strategically it is well located. It never belonged to any European people and it didn’t belong to the Arabs either. It was an African country. The Arabs only got there at about 1600 A.D. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-59491945195228007212011-05-17T12:37:00.000+03:002011-05-17T12:37:45.541+03:00ROME BEFORE THE ROMANS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By ARTHUR LEWIN</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rome, why Rome? Why did Rome rise to such great heights in ancient times? Much of the credit must go to the Etruscans in fact, much of what we think of as Roman is, in reality Etruscan…</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Etruscans fled Asia Minor (modern day Turkey) around 1000 B.C. They were part of the Mycenaean culture of the eastern Mediterranean. This Mycenaean civilization was thoroughly disrupted as primitive Greek bands came pouring in from the north around 1000 B.C., and so, one element of the Mycenaean, the Etruscans, fled eastwards across the Mediterranean, eventually landing in Italy.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In essay 33, of the Global African Presence Home Page, “Minoan Crete African Forerunner of European Civilizations,” Master teacher Runoko Rashidi describes the pivotal role of Crete in European history. Crete was destroyed by the eruption of Mt. Thera around 1400 B.C. This cataclysm badly damaged every city in the western Mediterranean, and was also felt as far as Egypt. It took centuries for the region to get back on its feet, and when it did, the new culture that developed has come to be called Mycenaean. The Etruscans, living in Lydia in Asia Minor, were a key Mycenaean element. Their statues show them to be dark complexioned and resembling the Cretans, who were related to their forebears. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At any rate, the Etruscans migrated to Italy, in the face of the invasion of primitive Greeks around 1000 B.C. (Note the Greek “Classical Era” would not arrive for 600 years.) the area where the Etruscans settled, immediately to the north of Rome, came to be known as Etruria, sometimes called Tuscany, both derivatives of the word “Etruscan.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note that Etruria is on the western, or far, side of the Italian peninsula, when approaching from the east. It is also Italy’s most fertile quarter. This indicates that the Etruscans doubtless probed the peninsula before picking out the most desirable area. Etruscan technology was far in advance of the natives they encountered. They easily conquered them, conscripted them and then used them to further their conquests (Howe, 301).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The area immediately to the south of Etruria, across the Tibet River, was called Latium. Its inhabitants were called Latins. Around 600 B.C the Etruscans conquered Rome and an Etruscan king ruled the city. Rome emerged as the pre-eminent city in Latium precisely because it was closest to Etruria. Here a series of direct quotes from, Albert Rever’s 1939, History of Ancient Civilization, taken from pages 22 and 23, Volume II, The Roman World, published by Harcourt, brace and Company. He was a “mainstream,” conservative historian, and what he says is supported any number of writers, and can be found today in standard encyclopedia entries on the Etruscans and the early history of Rome:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Since the Etruscans brought with them from the orient, an advanced culture, they may truthfully be called the civilizers of early Italy and Rome an urban civilization where before had been only scattered, agricultural villages. They transformed Rome from a loose group of farm villages to a powerful, populous city (urbs), gave the city its name, Roma, and started it on its later carrier of expansion and power in Italy…. The judicial, ceremonial, religious ritual and much in the Roman festivals and shows, were Etruscan before they were Roman.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“The Greek alphabet came to Rome probably through the medium of the Etruscans, early in the seventh century, as did many other of Rome’s loans from Greece. In religion, also, Rome owed much to the Etruscans. Her Capitoline tradition of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, hr use of augury and diviation… (And also), her gladitorial contests.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“One of the greatest debts of Italy and Rome to the Etruscans was in building, for from them they learned to build permanently with hewn stone, and to undertake great public works such as temples, fortifications, bridges, dikes and sewers…. It was under Etruscan influence in the sixth century that Rome was first fortified by a wall. The fruitful principle of the arch was introduced into Italy by the Etruscan immigrants.” (Trever, pp. 22, 23).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So we see that much of what we call Roman today was, in fact, Etruscan. We must also note that they were trading partners and allies of African Carthage. And there is evidence that they shared the same divinities as the Carthaginians (Davies, p. 154) Five centuries after fleeing the Greeks, the Etruscans again encountered them Italy. “In opposition to the Hellenic (Greek) colonial expansion in the west which tended to encircle them, they were allied with Carthage against the Greeks in the Battle of Alalia in 538 B.C.” (Trever, p. 18)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What eventually happened to the Etruscans?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is an old story. Their pupils, the Romans eventually conquered, and incorporated them. The Etruscans had a league of 12 cities, but it appears to have been mainly a religious confederation. As Rome grew in size and power, she attacked and conquered the Etruscan cities one-by-one. They failed to unite, and retake Rome, and so were thus swallowed by their offspring. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sources:</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Davies, Norman. 1996. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Europe: A History. Harper Collins: New York</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Howe, Herbert. “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Etruscans,” </b>World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: 1975.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rashidi, Runoko. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Minoan Crete – African Forerunner of European Civilizations,” </b>Global African Presence Home Page, #33</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trever, Albert A. 1939. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>History of Ancient Civilization, Volume II, The Roman World.</b> Harcourt, Brace: New York. </span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-63184212867100937182011-05-17T10:35:00.001+03:002011-05-17T10:35:50.644+03:00HANNIBAL, THE AFRICAN WARRIOR<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By Yvonne Clark </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">n 218 B.C., Hannibal began the most daring military move in history, that of invading Rome by way of the Alps. But why did this military genius decide to war against Rome?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Before Hannibal’s birth, the Romans ruled Italy, and the Carthaginians ruled Carthage in North Africa. The Carthaginians also ruled the Mediterranean Islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Syracuse (now known as Sicily). The Carthaginians were content as things were but the Romans were military expansionists. So the Romans broke their treaty with the Carthaginians by expanding their empire into Sicily, and the First Punic War began (264 B.C.).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In 247 B.C., Hamilcar Barca took command of the Carthaginian army and his son Hannibal was born. Hannibal was born to one of the distinguished families in Carthage—the Barcas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After losing a decisive sea battle, the Carthaginians recalled Hamilcar Barca and sued for peace. Rome, however, demanded not only Sicily, but Corsica, Sardinia, and all the islands between Sicily and Africa. In addition the Carthaginians were compelled to pay a large tribute. In order to recoup their losses, the Carthaginians rebuilt their empire in Spain. In 237 B.C., Hmilcar and Hannibal left for Spain. It took nine years for Hamilcar to conquer or win over the native tribes of Spain. These tribes were no match for the Carthaginian’s training in disciplined warfare. As a result, all the land south of the Ebro River in Spain became new Carthage. In 230 B.C., Hamilcar was killed in battle, and command of the army was left to his son-in-law, Hasdrubal. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">During all Hannibal’s years in Spain, first under his father and then under his brother-in-law, Hasdrubal, he was taught the world of a soldier. When Hasdrubal was murdered in 221 B.C., there was never a doubt to his successor. It was inevitable that upon the death of Hasdrubal, Hannibal would succeed him. At the age of twenty-six, he was chosen by the army as their new commander. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Saguntum was a province of New Carthage inhabited by the Greeks. After the Greeks attacked some of the tribes in New Carthage, the Romans sided with them and declared them selves protectorates of Saguntum. Knowing that the long term goal of the Romans was to gain control of new cathage, Hannibal decided to make the first move. He attacked Saguntum, beginning the Second Punic War (218 B.C.). The Romans prepared to invade new Carthage, but Hannibal was not preparing a defense strategy. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With thirty-seven elephants, Hannibal’s army climbed through the Pyrenees, across the Rhone, over the Alps and into Italy. The Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio tried unsuccessfully to check Hannibal’s advances into Italy. Attempting another strategy, he attacked Carthage but was defeated and killed. For the next sixteen years, Hannibal successfully waged war against every Roman legion sent to defeat him. He left a path of destroyed cities and bridges and a huge Roman death toll. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rome had lost half a million men in battle, when Publius Cornelius Scipio’s son, called Scipio the younger, took command. Scipio the younger decided to take the risk of striking at Carthage. In 294 B.C., Scipio and an army of 25,000 men landed in Carthage. Hearing of the invasion, Hannibal headed back to North Africa. On the plain of Zama, Scipio and Hannibal aligned their armies for battle. Hannibal’s soldiers fought a courageous fight but they were outflanked and defeated by the powerful Roman legions. Hannibal then sent word to Carthage, “We have lost not only battle but war. Accept the terms of peace offered.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">After the ratification of a peace treaty, Hannibal became the chief magistrate of Carthage. Hannibal increased the stability and prosperity of Carthage so well that Carthage soon regained its place as the commercial capital of the western Mediterranean. The Romans were not only nervous about a quick recovery for Carthage, but were afraid that Hannibal would wage another war. In 195 B.C., the Romans demanded his arrest. Hannibal fled Carthage beginning a life of wandering and exile. In 182 B.C., to avoid capture by the Romans, Hannibal committed suicide by drinking a vial of poison. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">An interesting fact: the Roman General, Scipio the Younger, became forever known as Scipio Africanus, honoring his defeat of the Great African General Hannibal.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Source: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rome in Africa,</i></b> by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Suzan Raven</i></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-68394313385022707622011-05-16T12:59:00.005+03:002011-05-16T12:59:43.483+03:00ETHIOPIA: ANCIENT LAND OF AFRICA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">By YAW DAVIS </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Ethiopia is the land of our fathers, the land where God loves to be.”</span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ETHIOPIA TRULY STRETCHES FORTH HER HANDS TO GOD</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">E</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thiopia is one of the oldest continuous civilizations in the world. Most of us identify Ehtiopia with Emperor Hailie Selassie or the queen of Sheba (Saba). The land of Sheba was referred to as Saba by the Ethiopians. The actual name of queen of Sheba was Queen Makeda. The time span between the reigns of queen Makeda and Emperor Hailie Selassie is approximately 3000 years. Most of the world is familiar with this period of history wherein Ethiopians ruled a great civilization. Most people are unaware of the existence of at least 97 other sovereign rulers who reigned prior to Queen Makeda. Once we include the rule of these 97 sovereigns, Ethiopian civilization can be tracked back to 3000 B.C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">We are familiar with Ethiopia from passages in the Old Testaments of the bible. Genesis Chapter 2, Verse 13 refers that flowed out of Eden. One of these is River Gihon which is the river that encircles Cush (sometimes in the bible Cush and Ethiopia are used interchangeably). The Gihon is another name for the Blue Nile River of Ethiopia. In addition to Ethiopia being one of the oldest civilizations in the world, Ethiopia is also one of the oldest Christian Nations in the world. The Ethiopian court was first introduced to Christianity in approximately the year 42. Some of you may remember the story of the Ethiopian Eunuch as written in Acts Chapter 8, Verse 27: “Then the angel of the Lord said to Phillip, Start out and go south to the road that leads down from Jerusalem to Gaza. So he set out and was on his way when he caught sight of an Ethiopian. This man was a eunuch, a high official of the Kandake (Candace) Queen of Ethiopia in charge of all her treasure.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The passage continues by describing how Phillip helped the Ethiopian understand one passage of Isaiah that the Ethiopian was using. After the Ethiopian received an explanation of the passage, he requested that Phillip baptize him, which Phillip obliged. I cross referenced some of my Ethiopian materials and discovered that Queen Gersamot Hendeke VII (very similar to Kandake) was the Queen of Ethiopia from the year 42 to 52. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The aforementioned reveals that the Ethiopian court was introduced to Christianity in the 1<sup>st</sup> century. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another very interesting fact with respect to Christianity that remains hidden is the fact that Christianity became the official state religion of Ethiopia in the year 320 (the forth Century) during the rule of emperor Ezana. Further the Ethiopians commemorated the event (acceptance of Christianity as the state religion) by removing the image of the crescent from their coins and replacing it with the Christian cross!! The Ethiopians of what was known as the Axumite Empire minted, distributed and utilized coins for money. Hundreds of varieties of coins were minted in gold, silver and bronze during the Axumite Empire over a period that spanned 700 to 1000 years. The Axumites also built numerous monuments, palaces, temples and other structures in northern Ethiopia. Some remain standing after 2000 years. </span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-69629993333696824822011-05-09T20:07:00.000+03:002011-05-09T20:07:54.625+03:00CELEBRATION OF GREAT BLACK WOMEN<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">O</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">n February 8, 2000 Baruch hosted one of its liveliest lecture presentations. World-renowned author and public lecturer Runoko Rashidi delivered “The African Woman as Heroine—Great Black Women in History.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rashidi started off by showing the earliest bones of an African woman (known as Lucy) ever found in Ethiopia. Throughout the lecture, he alluded to historical facts on which he based his discoveries. He showed pictures of black women as leaders in different dynasties of Kemet (or ancient Egypt). Many of them were women warriors, doctors and queens. Among these he mentioned were Queen Nefertari, Makeda (Queen of Sheeba) and Queen Nzingha. These women were mothers of great kings and warriors through civilization and antiquity. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“That is what folks in ancient Egypt looked like,” said Rashidi, referring to the picture of an African woman’s statue whose features were pronounced and very distinct. “But how many of you have seen that on the cover of a book?” Rashidi emphasized that some of the pictures shown had their facial features, mostly the noses, intentionally cut off by Europeans like Napoleon Bonaparte. Rashidi elaborated that it was important for colonizers and enslavers to strip Africans of their true history by distorting the past. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From North Africa, Rashidi’s pictures moved to those of women in Western and central Africa. Women from such countries as Djibouti, Ghana, Angola and Congo (formerly Zaire) were represented. Following that, Rashidi moved eastward to the women of Arabian Peninsula. He showed blacks living in Yemen, Oman, Israel and Turkey, among others. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“There are perhaps a billion Africans scattered around the world,” Rashidi explained. “That is why during this period of time, we don’t look just at America but we look at Africans globally.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Moving eastward, Rashidi displayed photos of Blacks in Southeast Asia. His search of Blacks worldwide has been disappointed. There are black people living in Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">One woman photographed was called the “Black Saint” mostly because of the care she provided to many orphaned children. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">From the South Pacific, Rashidi moved north to the archipelagos and the ancient and modern Americas. The faces shown from those regions were more familiar to the audience. The spectators sighed and nodded their heads in recognition of Amy Jacques and Amy Ashwood Garvey, Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells and Sybil Clarke. Other pioneering faces included those of the first woman licensed to practice medicine in South Carolina, journalists, aviators, educators and activists. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rashidi brought the presentation full circle by bringing it back to Africa. The lecturer spoke of Black goddesses such as Mut and Hathor. One picture that elicited looks of surprise from some young spectators was that of Black Madonna and child.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“We were taken out of Africa,” said Rashidi,” but we took some Africa with us. Get comfortable with it. He was referring to the similarities between Africans in the Diaspora and those in Africa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Last but not least, Rashidi concluded the presentation with the picture of an old, stooped Black woman sitting on a chair, eyes closed, holding her cane under her chin. For Rashidi, the woman represents the state of black people today: “ancient and wise but kind of asleep.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-47808302886263829762011-05-09T18:08:00.000+03:002011-05-09T18:08:41.748+03:00DID HANNIBAL DESTROY ROME?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">By ARTHUR LEWIN</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">We’ve all heard how Hannibal, in the second war between Carthage and Rome, in 218 B.C., invaded Italy from the north, passing through Switzerland at the height of winter. And how he then resoundingly defeated Rome four times, after which, they refused to meet him again in open field. And so for fifteen years, the gates of Rome were shut, and Hannibal, for much of that time, was master of the Italian countryside. Many years later, in a third and final war with Rome, Carthage was defeated and destroyed. Nonetheless, the question can be asked, “Did Hannibal destroy Rome?” </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Hannibal thoroughly ravaged the Italian countryside, thereby devastating the Roman agricultural community which was at the base of its democracy. It was the small to middle sized farmers who furnished the manpower for the army, and at the same time kept the Roman war machine an essentially people’s institution. After the wars with Carthage, Rome’s veterans had to find their farms laid waste, and the land itself in the hands of the wealthy, absentee land owners of the upper (patrician) class. Many thus went back to the army to cast their lot, not with the state so much as the general under whom they served. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The spoils, what to do with the vast spoils of war? That was the question. The aristocrats sought to acquire it wholly for themselves, at the expense of the people. And many of the conquered peoples were put into bondage, and brought as slaves into Italy in tremendous numbers, leaving little, beyond soldiering, for the common man to aspire to. Which, in turn, fueled the power of the generals who eventually fell upon each other in a series of retracted civil wars? Eventually the institution of the emperor emerged.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">And so Rome ended up in the administrative center of a stupendous empire with a largely impoverished populace. Though poor, they were nonetheless Roman, and had the power, through their riots and uprisings, to gum up the machinery of empire. They were thus given free bread and circuses, that is, gladiatorial shows and other spectacles…. There were only the rich and the poor, not only in Rome but throughout Italy, and on the frontier the superb Roman fighting machine. There was no middle ground, no middle class. In time, ultimate power produced ultimate decadence, and when the army too became dissipated, the empire fell resoundingly….</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: center;"> </div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-794703332940326752011-05-03T00:01:00.000+03:002011-05-03T00:01:42.209+03:00The spread of the Nile valley civilization and the African culture<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">By Dr. Yosef Ben-Jocahnnan</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">When we speak of the Nile valley, of course we are talking about the 4,100 miles of civilization, or the beginning of the birth of what is today called civilization. I can go to one case of literature in particular which will identify the Africans as the beginners of civilization to which I refer. And since I am not foreign to the works of the Africans in Egypt, otherwise called Egyptians, I think that should be satisfactory proof. This proof is housed in the London Museum t hat is holding the artifacts of Egypt. In that Museum yo will find a document called the papyrus of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hunifer.</i></b> At least you should find it there. It was there when Sir E. A. Wallace Budge used it in the translation as part of the Egyptian <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Book of the Dead and the Papyrus of hunifer.</i></b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It was there at that time, a copy of which is in the library of Syracuse University in New York, and I quote from the hieratic writing, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“We came from the beginning of the Nile where God Hapi dwells, at the foothills of The Mountains of the Moon.” </b>“We,” meaning the Egyptians, as stated, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">came from the beginning of the Nile. </i></b>Where is “the beginning of the Nile?” The farthest point of the beginning of the Nile is in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Uganda</b>; this is the White Nile. Another point is in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ethiopia</b>. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Blue Nile </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nile</i> meet in Khartoum; and the other side of Khartoum is the Omdurman Republic of Sudan. From there it flows from the south down north, And there it meets with the Atbara River in Atbara, Sudan. Then it flows completely through Sudan (Ta-Nehisi, Ta-Zeti or Ta-Seti, as it was called), part of that ancient empire which was one time adjacent to the nation called Meroe or Merowe. From that, into southern part of what the Romans called “Nubia,” and parallel on the Nile, part of which the Greeks called “egypticus”; the English called it “Egypt” and the Jews in their mythology called it “Mizrain” which the current A rabs called Mizr/Mizrair. Thus it ends in the sea of Sais, also called the great sea, today’s Mediterranean Sea. When we say thus, we want to make it certain that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Hapi is still god of the Nile, shown as a hermaphrodite having the breasts of a woman and the penis of a man.</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God hapi </i>is always shown tying two symbols of the “Two hands,” Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt, during dynastic periods. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lotus </i>flower is the symbol of the south and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">papyrus plant, </i>the symbol of the north.</b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">But we need to go back beyond Egypt. I used Egypt as the starting point, in that of the civilizations in the world, Egypt has more ancient documents and other artifacts than any other civilization one could speak of. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">So when you here them talk about Sumer and Babylon, and all those other places theoretically, they can’t show you the artifacts. </b>Thus my position is, first hand information is the best proof, and I can show you the bones and other remains of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Zinjanthropus Boisei </b>about 1.8 million years ago. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">But no one can show you the remains of Adam and Eve, et al.</b> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">So I have the proof and you have the belief. If you want to see it you can go to the Croydon National Museum in Naiorbi, Kenya; there, you will se the Bones Zinjanthropus Boisei. If you want to see the remains of “Lucy,” you can go to the national Museum associated with the University of Addis Ababa. Of course, there a host of other human fossils that existed thousands of years ago all over Africa; but you can’t find one of Adam and Eve in any part of Asia. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">But we have to go beyond that. We can look at the artifacts before writing came into being. We will then be in archaeological finds along the Nile. Also you would find that there were two groups of Africans; one called the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Hutu,” </b>and one called the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Twa.”</b> The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Twa </i>and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hutu</i> take us back <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">400,000 B.C.E</b> (Before the Common Christian Era) in terms of artifacts. The most ancient of these artifacts, one of the most important in Egypt is called the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Ankh” </b>which the Christians adopted as the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“Crux Ansata” </b>or “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ansata cross.” </b>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ankh </i>was there amongst these people, equally the “Crook” and “Flail.” All of these symbols came down to us from the Twa and Hutu. You know the Twa by the British Anthropologists who called them “pygmies” there’s no such thing in Africa known as “pygmy” much less “pygmies.” But the people call them selves Twa and Hutu, so that’s who they are. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">If we look at the southern tip of Africa, a place called “Monomotapa,” before the first Europeans came there with the Portuguese in 1486, C.E. /A.D. (Christian Eera), a man called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Captain Bartholomew Diaz, </b>and subsequently anther European and his group came, one called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Captain Vasco da Gama, </b>who came there ten years later in 1496; when they came to that part of Africa they met another group of people there as well, which they called “Kaffirs.” Now this is a long time before the Boers came there in 1652. When the Boers came those Africans may have gone to the moon on vacation (or there they “didn’t meet any natives” [Africans] so they say. But one thing is certain that Bartholomew Diaz and Vasco da Gama had already left records showing that when they arrived there at Monomotapa the Khaffirs [Africans], including the small ones (Khoi Khoi and Khalaharis) (remember I didn’t say “bushmen and Hottentots,” that’s nonsense, the racist names given them by British and Dutch Boers), were already there. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">So with all these people that were found in this area we could go back at least 35,000 to 40,000 years to another group of people who left there writings and their pictures. Those people are called Grimaldi. The Grimaldi were in the southern t ip of Africa and travelled up the entire western coast, then came to the northwest coast, then came up the north western coast of Africa and crossed into Spain. Not only in Spain but all the way up to Austria; it was found that the Grimaldi had travelled and left their drawings and caves all along the way, in the Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York, you can see the Grimaldi paintings going back at least 35,000 years ago. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I remind you that it is only about 31,000 years before Adam and Eve! </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is very important you realize that next time you talk about Adam and Eve. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">So wee are told that there is Adam and Eve that started the world, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that </i>is a “Jewish world” and I am talking about before Abraham the first Jew. </b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">The country I am talking about now goes back to a period called the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sibellian Period. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sibellian I </i></b>brings us to a period where you will find <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">hieratic writings,</b> the type that no one in modern times has been able to decipher. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sibellian II </i></b>existed about <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">25,000 years before the birth of Jesus-the Christ. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sibellian III </i>would bring us to about 10,000 B.C.E., in which we now have the Stellar Calendar</b> that I talked about, and the pre-dynastic period will be considered from the same time, 10,000 to 6,000 B.C.E., and that is the point when High Priest Manetho, in about 227 to 226 B.C.E., attempted to present for the Greeks, who had imposed against him to write a kind of chronological history of the Nile Valley,. Europeans instead of saying what Manetho said in his chronology of the history of the Nile Valley, forget to say it was at the end of the Nile Valley, he addressed. For example, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">“First Cataract,” </i>i.e., an obstruction in the Nile River, is at a place called the City of Aswan, when in fact it is the last; the “Sixth Cataract” is in fact Aswan, Upper (or southern Egypt) Egypt.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">This is important to understand, because Egypt, which most of us deal with and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">forget the rest of the Nile Valley</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is not at the beginning of the Nile Valley high cultures, but the end. </b>High culture came down the Nile; but if you go on the Nile you will always hear about the pyramids of Egypt. Yes, they are the “world’s largest”; they will blow your mind, so to speak, but they are not the first pyramids of Africa; they are the last. There are <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">thirty-two pyramids in Sudan, none in Ethiopia, </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">seventy-two in Egypt.</b> What happened is that as the Africans became so much competent in engineering, etc., they increased the size of their pyramids in sophistication; thus at the end of the Nile you could see the different forms and the colossal pyramids the largest being one by Pharaoh khufu, whom Herodotus called Cheops, and that would be one the pyramids built in the 4<sup>th </sup>Dynasty. The first of the pyramids in Egypt being by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imhotep,</i> for his Pharaoh Djoser/Setor (“Zozer”), the third pharaoh of the third Dynasty. The architect was the multi genius Imhotep, who introduced to mankind the first structure ever built out of stone and with joints with out mortar or any other building materials.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">Now you could understand if I said the pyramids in Sudan are older than the pyramids in Egypt, and I simultaneously say that Imhotep built the first stone structure known by man. Those in Sudan were built by two methods. There were some pyramids called silt pyramids, and the second method was mud-brick pyramids. Not the type o bricks made of mud and straw mentioned in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hebrew Holy Torah, </i>specifically the book of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Exodus</i>. That has to be made clear. How did the silt pyramids come about? That type of pyramid came about due to the Inundation period of the Nile River. This was the period when the river overflowed its banks bringing down silt from the high lands of Ethiopia and Uganda, and from the mountain of the moon, which people of Kenya called Kilimanjaro.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">It is in this perspective that we are talking about Africa as a people. Because, all of that period of time we are talking about, you can go there no and you see the artifacts in museums all over Europe and in United States of America. I’m not speaking to you chronologically, because I am using my recall; let us go back to the event that took place; and as I thought about this, something about medicine came to my mind, I remember going to the double <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Temple of Haroeris </i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sobek;</b> </i>Haroeris represented by the Cobra<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></b>Snake and Sobek represented by the Nile Crocodile. In that temple at the rare you will find the drawings of medical instruments going back to the time of Imhotep. That will bring us to 285 B.C.E. to the construction of the double temple which was during Greek rule. Most of the medical instruments you see there are the exact dimension, the exact styles and shapes still used in medical operating theatres today. You could see all kinds of symbols relating to the use incense; you could also find the beginnings of the aspect of the calendars (the dating process for<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the farmers) the same Coptic farmers still use, the 13-monts calendar, twelve months of 32 days each, and one month of five days. The same one the Ethiopian government still uses, officially; that calendar is a means of telling time to date. When we go to the temple of the Goddess <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Het-heru </i>(Hathor) at a place called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dendara</i>, we see the beginning of what is called the Zodiac. The French stole the original, and in carrying it to France, in hot pursuit by the Arabs of Egypt, they dropped it in the river Nile. Yet a Frenchman said he remembered everything and produced a whole new one within two weeks. So if you read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revelations</i>, like this false Zodiac, it has nothing to do with St. John but in fact Bishop Athanasius. This is the same thing, how could the French remember the stolen Egyptian Zodiac so well? It was rectangular but what they remembered is circular. Thus it is the French who made the Zodiac they placed in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Temple of Goddess Het-Heru</i> for tourists these days, and the tourist guides will tell you that is French one. So!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">You can see that even in those early times we were dealing with astronomy and the Europeans have not gone one inch further than those Africans along the Nile. What yoy have to remember, however is that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Papyrus of Hunefer </i>deals with Africans who came down the Nile, who were already using this kind of thing: and we must wonder since we don’t have the day-to-day, or enough artifacts to put them together to see the transition. Why is it that the Yorubas of West Africa have the same structure of diet system as the Nile Valley? I don’t remember much because the Yorubas in their own folklore speak of having come from the Nile Valley: so you can stop wondering right there, since it is from their earliest teachings in their folklores.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">When we go down the Nile and look at the engineering and our engineering goes not only to the building of pyramids by Imhotep, this multi-genius, but equally to the time of Senwosret II, with the division if the Nile water, equally to stop the rush of water. That would put us right back to 2,200 Before Common “Christian” Era (B.C.E.).</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">The use of navigation and navigational instruments by using he sun and the stars as the navigational tools –we have the best record of that going back even before <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pharaoh Neco II,</i> who saw the navigation of the entire continent and had a map of Africa in almost the common shape it is; and that dates to ca 600 B.C.E. whereas Herodotus who came to Egypt in 457 B.C.E., and Erastotshenes, who came there between 247—194 B.C.E., used maps which were rectangular in shape. They reflected the end of Africa being where Sahara is, the southern end of Sahara, meaning that they had no concept Africa from about Ethiopia <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>south to Monomotapa, now called the republic of south Africa. It is important to note that England played a major role in most of the distorting that we are talking about.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">Then we come again to another part that we are talking about, that is agriculture, before we even come to writing. At the gathering stale, when man observes the seed germinating, and out of that came a religious conflict, which other men are to later follow, comes out of the most secret symbols of the religiosity of Egypt and other parts of Africa. We are now talking about the dung beetle, and the observation of the African along the Nile with respect to the dung beetle, otherwise called the scarab. The dung beetle hibernates, goes into manure of a donkey, horse and the cow, only animals with grass manure. And that beetle remains in there for 28—days; you know that particular beetle died in your mind. And when the beetle comes out, what better symbol would you have than resurrection?</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">The beetle played the same part in the religion of Egyptians that spread to other parts of Africa, and subsequently into Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and so on. Thus the beetle became the symbol of resurrection. Of course religion its self had started then. Just imagine you’ve got back 1000 years and you see your woman giving birth to a baby. I hope I did not frighten mist of you fellows about child birth; because if you had some experience of seeing a baby being born, you would be less quick to abandon your child. As you are standing there and this baby comes from the woman’s organ. You witness this while the pelvic region is expanding about four or five inches in diameter for the head to pass through, and you are there. You can’t perceive that you have anything to do with this 100,000 or 1000 years ago. Witnessing the birth of that baby gets you thinking. You immediately start to transcend your mind, and you also start attributing this to something beyond. Thus you start to believe. You start to wonder’ why is it here? Where did it come from? And where is it going? Because you are now experiencing birth! But your experience is coming from a woman. Thus you start to pray and the woman becomes your Goddess, your first diety. She becomes Goddess Nut, the goddess of the sky; and you become God Geb, the god of the earth. You suddenly see the sun in all of this and then you realize that when the sun came the came and when the sun went, the light went; when the moon came you saw a moon in there and you don’t see any light because the light is not shining on it. So you see there is God, at least there is the major attribute of God because you realize when that doesn’t happen, the crops and vegetation don’t come.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">You also realize that the sun and the moon make the river rise, and the Africans regarding these factors created the science of astronomy. Astrology, having nothing to do with your love life. Astronomy is the chart of scientific data of the movement of the planets and the sun and so forth, to the movement of each other. Astrology is a physical relationship of astronomy, the water rising at high tide and that is what the ancients spoke about division of the two disciplines. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">It was the Greeks like Plato, Aristotle, and others who came and learned. In those days would come and read for their education. There were no books to take home; there were no publishing houses like now. You had only one book and most of the subjects were orally taught. Certain instructions were toe to toe, shoulder to shoulder, mouth to ear. I will go no further than that. The English adopted it and called Freemasonry. Churchward was a big man in England. Besides being a physician, he was also one of those who made English Freemasonry what it is today. So in another adaptation, the British took twenty-two tables from Egypt, brought them here and set up what they called “Freemasonry.” Of course the Americans followed suit.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">These Africans had moved along the entire continent. You see, we are treating the Egyptians today as if the Egyptians had a barrier that stopped them from going to other parts of Africa. So we say Egyptians were of a special race, and they had nothing to do with the rest of the Africans. Can you imagine Thames River at this side stopping the people from the other side from communicating with this side, especially when a man standing over there saw a woman here bathing naked; do you think that river would stop him. Do you think the Alps stopped Germans from seeing an Italian woman? What makes you think that the little River or a bit of sand would stop a man from seeing a woman over there in Africa? I am using these common symbols so that you can appreciate what I mean. So it isn’t that when you go Egypt you will notice the ancient Egyptians are shown by the artists as the ancient Egyptians Nubians or Ethiopians or any one else, except when you are talking about the conquerors. In most of these Museums they purposely bring you the statues of the Greeks, of the Romans, of the Persians, the Assyrians and the Hyskos. They don’t bring you any of the Africans. So when they can’t help it, and they need to bring you one that you call a typical African like Pharaoh Mentuhotep III, it is important to Egypt that they have to show him. What they did was to make his nose flat, so you can tell the difference.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">Then once in a while, but when they couldn’t do it, what they did say was; “Well Negroes came into Egypt in the Eighteenth Dynasty.” Now it couldn’t be, because the Portuguese hadn’t created Negroes until the seventeenth century, C.E., but how come the Negroes created by the Portuguese have a place called Negroland, which was in fact the Songhai Empire? In the map you could see where Negroland was, and so how do you get the Negroes and Negroland back in the Eighteenth Dynasty? The eighteenth Dynasty has such figures as Akhenaton, or Amenhotep IV, and his father, whom the Greeks called Amenhotep III; in the west you could call him Amenophis III. The civilization in Africa did not spread only from along the Nile, but it spread into your own writings, documents, and belief systems.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">I now go back to the Etruscans, who later became the Romans; the people of Pyrrhus, who later became the Greeks, because Pyrrhus was later, became Greece. But we don’t have these people until they came from the island of the Mediterranean or the Great Sea. At the time they left, the Egyptians were the colonizers of the other Africans in Egypt. Setting up the first educational system for the people of Pyrrhus, where the borders of Libus (now Libya) and Egypt meet; a little enclave which later became Africa. It is there that the educational systems for the Greeks occurred, and from there Africans moved the system to a place called the city of Elea. It is there that the Greeks would come. This is after they left the Greek peninsula; go to the Italian peninsula where they would meet others to come over to Libus, as they couldn’t come the other way as they were going illegally, they were sneaking out! Remember, the period of time which we are speaking, there is no writing in Greece yet. Until Homer there is no writing in Greece. No record you could deal with. Whatever they learned, came from outside, came from outside, came from Egypt, came from Babylonia. The Babylonian writings are part of this origin of Greece as well as the writings from about 4100 B.C.E., the first Dynastic period, and this is not when writing started along the Nile. This is the first recognized herself from under two men. The war between the North headed by King Scorpion, and the South headed by King Namer, and that will bring us to about 4100 B.C.E. when Namer started United or Dynastic Egypt.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">So the pre-dynastic period was a period of the introduction of religion, of mathematics and science, engineering, law, medicine and so forth. The period of documentation also started then to some extent in the First Dynasty. The period of belief in “one God” really did not start with Akhnaten, that is, when someone said there must be only “one God.” But the period of absorbing “one God” didn’t start there, because it is that period in 4100 B.C.E., when Namer, after defeating Scorpion, leader of the North, decided that the diety of the North, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God Amen</i> (which you say at the end of every prayer, you are still praying to the African <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God Amen</i>), be put together with his own diety of the South, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God Ra. </i>But they didn’t notice that he made one God out of two, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God Amen-Ra.</i> He used them in that respect. But the people fell into civil war and there was division again. From that union, God Amen-Ra became God Ptah, and the Goddess of justice became. Justice shown as a scale which is the same symbol now used in the United States for justice, except that there is no justice in the United States, because one scale is up, and the other is down, that is no justice; and that is “just this”! Justice is when both scales are on the same level, and so the African in America who is asking for justice is being foolish. The symbol says you’ll never get; all you’ll get is “just this”!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">Before these symbols came, the laws on morality and human behavior, the Admonitions to Goddess Maat-Goddess of Justice and Law. There were forty-two Admonitions to Goddess Maat forming the foundation of justice. Then there are the teachings of Amen-em-eope one thousand years before Solomon stole them, some of which he plagiarized word for word, and others he paraphrased, which are now called the Proverbs of Solomon. And yet if we could have stopped there we would have done enough. But it wasn’t the last of it, so to speak. Because we came down with jurisprudence, the basis of the law attached to the deity which we are teaching now as jurisprudence. And there is a thing in African jurisprudence that harborer should not get away from the penalty of the thief. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">During the earliest time of the Kingdom of Ethiopia, King Uri, the first king of Ethiopia had spoken about, “justice isn’t based upon strength, bout on the morality of the condition of the event.” This now interprets as “the stronger should not mistreat the weaker”; and this supposed to be something said by Plato, and just like the nonsense we hear that “the Greeks had democracy.” The Greeks have never had democracy. They never had one in the past and they don’t have it now. When they were supposed to have had democracy in Greece no more than five percent of the people had anything you could call democracy. When you look at that, you find it was from this background going back to the time of Amen-em-eope that these fundamental laws came from, you could see why those laws spread from North Africa and inti Numidia, which is today called Tunisia. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">It is at Numidia then that Augustine’s family, continuing the practice of the Manichean religion, carried into Rome later in the Christian era. When he left his education in Khart-Haddas or Carthage, it is that same teaching from the Manicheans that Augustine carried into Rome. Ambrose, the greatest Christian scholar in all Europe, became stunned. But this twenty-nine year old boy arrived and spoke to Ambrose about his great education in Carthage, Ambrose said, “Man, you’re heavy.” And Augustine took over. It was the same teachings that Guido the Monk, who went to Spain in the time of the Moors, had taught at the University of Salamanca which they had established. And it was the Manichean concept that made Augustine write against the Stoics. Augustine wrote the fundamental principle that was to govern modern Christianity in its morality, when he presented them with a book called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On Christian Doctrine.</i> He had previously written the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Holy City of God.</i> If you want to check Augustine to see if he was an indigenous African read his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Confessions</i>. There he will tell you who he was. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">When Islam came it was supposed to bring something new, but I ask “what did it bring new?” because Islam was supposed to have started with an African woman by the name Hagar, according to Islamic literature. Hagar was from Egypt, and Abraham was from Asia—the city of Ur in Chaldea. At the time of Abraham’s birth a group of African people, called the Elamites, were ruling. Before Abraham, the sacred river of India has been named after general Ganges, an African who came from Ethiopia. The river Ganges still carries the name of General Ganges. And I notice in India they have not given up the symbolic worship of the cow, which represents the worship of Goddess Het-Heru, Hathor, the “Golden Calf” of the Jews. They also haven’t given up the obelisk that still stays there, which the Hindus copied. Again an English man by the name of Sir Gofrey Higgins, who published a two volume work in 1836, and in Volume one in particular, he is speaking about all the deties of the past being “black,” but said: “ can’t accept that they could have come from even Egypt, they must have come from India.” He couldn’t accept it!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">Out of that religion of the Nile Valley came the religion of the Ngail in Kenya from the same river base. And as the situation changed you had the Amazulu going for it, because the Zimbabwe River is still there. The people who were originally there were kicked off their land by the British, and equally by the Germans. When the German Dr. Carl Peters came there, the struggle between the Germans and the English for Tanganyika was going strong; both sides killed off the people around that area who spoke the Rowzi language. So when you talk about Zimbabwe, don’t think about the nation alone. Zimbabwe means a metropolis of buildings equal in design to the Pyramids’ cone shape. When the sunlight coming in strikes the altar, the altar shines because of the sunlight. They had a mixture of gold and silver, the same thing that happens when you are down at the rock-hewn temple of Rameses II, which is on November 22<sup>nd</sup>, when the sun comes in past the doors. It also happens in February. This shows the commonality of the African culture throughout Africa.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">And lastly, just remember that when you see the Ashantis, the Yorubas,and all the other African people, they were not always where they are now. Arab and European slavery made the African migrate from one part of the African world to another; that is why you can see in Akan culture as written by the African writer Dr. J. B. Danquah, the people with the same hair cut, and the same beads and jewelry system as Queen Nefertari (the wife of Pharaoh Rameses II in the nineteenth Dynasty), and Queen Nefertiti (the wife of Pharaoh Akhnaton in the Eighteenth Dynasty). It is too much to speak about it, really.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">If you had known this when you were much younger, you too over there would have wanted a nation; for you too would have realized that if you have golden toilet in another man’s house (nation) you have got<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>nothing. It is only when you have your own house (nation) that you can demand anything, because you don’t even need to demand anything, you do it. It is only when you have your own nation that you can decide the value and judgment of beauty. If I was ruling England and you came to run for a beauty contest, you could be disqualified even before you came. You’re talking about racism; why not? This isn’t your country. You can not run for a beauty contest in a white man’s country. You don’t see any Europeans wining beauty contests in China, Japan or India; but the funny thing is that they come and win one in Nigeria. As a matter of fact Miss Trinidad was a white girl. Miss Barbados also a white girl, and Miss Jamaica was a white girl, all of them in a black country. And this is what I am saying. You can call it racist but you know I am telling the truth. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">What I hope I have done is make you understand the necessity for further research; but more than all, the necessity to talk to your child. When your physician tells you that you are pregnant, that’s when you start teaching your child. Talk to the child at the time of birth. This is when his and or her education begins, before he/she gets out of school, and before you and I die.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">(A lecture delivered for the Minority Ethnic Unit of the Greater London Council, London, England, March 6—8, 1986. It was addressed mainly to the African community in London consisting of African people from the Caribbean and African people from Africa.)</b></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-63342837300086101162011-05-01T23:59:00.000+03:002011-05-01T23:59:04.636+03:00AFRICAN TRUTH MOVEMENT<div style="text-align: justify;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">AFRICAN HISTORY LIBRARY PONDE NILE</span></b></div><div> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">BLACK HOUSE</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">MARCUS GARVEY: </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">This is the time for black man and women to make their distinct contribution to this civilization and let history record it truthfully. We are made to believe that there is no use in trying and nothing can be done through the teachings we receive. You can only impress this world by demonstrating to it the seriousness of your intention.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">WILMORT EDWARD BLYDEN</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">The western civilization is the process of molding the world in her image. If you surrender your personality you have nothing left to give the world. Giving up your personality would be to give up the peculiar work and peculiar glory to which we are called. The European blunder is believing that the Negro is a European in the under-developed stages. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">The continued distortion of African History (World History)</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Issues at hand</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Physiological factor; </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Africa with a hidden history is demoralizing for Africans. History is a clock, map, and compass of human geography which helps us understand not the direction and digits of the hour, but what is behind the direction and digits of the hour. On the African continent, the west has excelled in demonizing African history, first in the minds of the westerners, then in the minds of our brothers and sisters. It is a sad fact that the professionalizing of this study is one of the windows through which the disastrous scheme is exercised. A lot of Africans go to school with the hope of finding knowledge of their past. However, it is an alien race which tells the story of the native, and the native’s life becomes a story told. Below is the holistic examination of mental slavery. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">The professionals who have straddled through the walls and windows of the schism are looked overlooked with this knowledge passing it to an audience which does not deserve it. This kind of African history elite class has turned this revolutionary message into a one man’s show. The natural resources of the continent now have Christian names, after British Royals. Our traditional names become secondary names when we adopt a foreign religion, for example, Lake Kahembe, (Lake George), Lake Kakirakira (Lake Edward), Lake Mutanzige (Lake Albert), Lake Nalubale (Lake Victoria), etc. Without undermining the moral derives behind religion, it is very important in our course to understand the psychological dangers that foreign religions pose. First we have seen how they undermine our traditional names.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">It is stated that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, however, which God should be feared to be wise, in Africa today if one stated that he did not believe in the holy books, the rebound questions is always, “So do you believe in God?”, “don’t you want to be wise?” the west having worked so hard to create such a shallow mindset.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Today many people in Africa are misled to think that before the holy books, every African was going to hell. This kind of mindset created the environment where history was replaced with religious education in primary schools and a little focus put on African civilization in secondary education and higher institutions, as more focus is placed on the European and Arab involvement in enslavement of the Africans. This creates the mindset, the Africans were uncivilized and waiting on the slave masters to come and enslave them, that the African will always have to wait for the white man to do something about her (Africa’s) situation, not knowing that if the hand that put her in that situation and being the hand that eternally feeds her, can never be the same hand that will get her out of the same situation. The slave masters have never gone to rest; they have never lost the urge to control the land of black people. This is what every African must realize if any Africa is to think of a better Africa for our children. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">What does religious education do in distorting world history?</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">It destroys the divine spark and innovation skill in the Africans. Giving them false hope and redemption of a white savior, which they will have to wait upon as they keep crying about their woes. The evolution story of Adam and Eve so to say creates a shallow mindset and underpins the spark in African history. This has made the Africans believe that the world starts with Adam and Eve, and not venture much into their own history. Giving birth to beliefs that before the bible, every African was going to hell and a devil worshiper, the books also go ahead in demonizing the gods of Kemet (Land of Black people). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">THE CURSE OF THE ELITE</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Recently in Uganda, there was a debate seeking to remove religious education from the curriculum. However, the debate failed to pass simply because most of the Members of Parliament were either member of the religions in discussion (i.e. Christianity or Islam). It is good to remember that it was the colonialists who replaced history with religious education. Therefore in Uganda, religious education continues to take up the role of history in simple facts, blocking the divine will. Some traditional leaders find them selves born in Christian families and pursuing a foreign interest. It is our belief that majority of the people in Africa are not religious in the sense of foreign religions. The westerners call them pagans because they don’t understand how their faith is beyond the books. These people who we call the cornerstone because they have refused these foreign philosophies without even knowing what they are resisting, it is just imprinted in them that their ancestors were wise humans who civilized the world with the unifying philosophy of Ubuntu. That is why they try to seek for the history before the holy books. It is in the schools, cities, temples, mosques, churches and parliaments where distorted history is promoted on the continent. The majority remain loyal to their customs and historical beliefs. The only thing missing is a well organized movement with the cause of our ancestors, African Unity. It is with great joy to see his Excellency Cornell Muamar El Ghadafi, standing, not among religious leaders and presidents, but with a following of a King, thank you for being loyal to the cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Government and non-government organizations have failed Africa. Instead of helping, they are the vehicle that has taken the role of change from the people. Investors have turned Africa into a continent of shopkeepers. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">BABY HISTORY</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">The other window that has let all this happen is the promotion of baby history. This plague affects the minds of the Africans as it only carries the days of slavery, the days of oppression, the days of colonialism, the days of massacres, the times of neo-colonialism. We agree that it is a part of our history we have to present. However, it is also important to explore the history of greatness. In the interest of the system, baby history is what has helped the foreigners for they stand brave in violence. This history is what they use to alter the dark ages of the winter people and refer them to the dark ages of the people of the sun, thus creating the thinking that Africans were born slaves. In the media, there are portraits of the picture that Africa can not stand on her own, that our doctors are useless without western drugs and the African diplomats are the passengers and the western diplomats are drivers of the UN bus. In the same arena the solution picture portrayed is that, Africa has to simulate the west to survive! In other words, the survival of Africa relies on teachings from the west. So to study their game and beat them at their game, this kind of thinking has affected the African elite, that he admires the westerners more than they admire themselves, he has turned himself to be the messenger of the western interests. He has simulated how to live without a history, and individualism is the order of the day in his way of life. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">However, the majority who we call the cornerstone are great thinkers who thirst for a well documented history of their glorious past. They have live climbing a mountain before seeing one climb it. If the history shows them people who have reached the top, they will run to the top, for they know and share the views of our ancestors. They are resisting and their eyes show it all, that they are pleading for literary evidence to be the apostles of truism. We have been victims of this mythical poor quality slave education without a justified history in all the fields of its study. The cornerstone people are sick and tired of the alien ideas and want to be the vehicle heading to an African philosophy of one Africa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">THE PLAGUE OF BRAIN DRAIN (Kyeyo Factor)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">Many youths in Africa fail to find the pride in labor. After their education they turn to being job seekers. Many who also fail to go to school find themselves not satisfied with the wages of labor in their mother countries. They, then turn to seeking for a place where they can find some pride in their labor. This leaves them seeking for ways of leaving Africa and go work in European countries, creating a new brand of slaves. Youths going through this kind of stress end up finding history boring simply because they are raised being taught the history of betrayal by the Kings and they later have distrust in their traditional leaders. They end up not trusting their elders since they led them to the situation they are in and also not trusting the westerners. With this kind of atmosphere, true stories are turned into folklores and jokes, while leaving the youth with no relevant topics of history to include in their discourse. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">A new wave of neo-colonialism with its foundation in fear, creating an atmosphere, where difference in opinion which is making the Africans delay their own unity. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">THE MEDIA PRODUCTION INDUSTRY IN AFRICA;</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">This is on the rampage with many televisions and radio stations on the continent. However, we must concur that these are big fields of mental slavery, if the people involved are not conscious of their own history. Through these fields, propaganda is spread, and with Africa, the enemies of progress have trained our own people to lead in the mission of brain washing of our own. This makes it important to understand that it is only through spreading the message of our past that our brethrens and sistrens will able to scrutinize news and only pick what they find morally<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>right. Slack music and Hollywood have taken have taken the minds of the youths and the intermediates. Disappointments from the Pan African Headquarters in Uganda in that they lack any historical drive and their concerns are blind ones. Therefore, it is more of a political than a Pan-African organization and can play no significant role in our quest and purpose thus. Our stretching forth our hands to you, having endured the entire course of education from elementary to University in Africa, and have still failed to graduate after four years from an American University because of disagreements with the sacrifices of self knowledge that we are required to of to excel in the system. The call for education by politicians lacks the quality education relevant to the goals and aspirations of Africa. Realization that this education is and has always been the tool for spiritual and psychological enslavement of the people is important, yet it continues to be the slogan of the elites who have continued to solely benefit. This consequently drives the whole question away from having a better quality education that justifies truth and not myths.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">We believe, (The Bayikuuzi), that a history library can be the source and center for correcting all these mistakes in the social and professional discourses. It is through the library that justified history shall manifest. There shall be no wrong time for feeding the hungry. Our course is to evoke African history in the minds of the youth, elders, and children of this century. For without a proper understanding of our past glory and misery we remain slaves though this time without chains, if we do not know our history, we remain the victims today. The truth is a human and God given right. History is the food for the brain as manure is the food for the soil. African history is the hidden factor that will create solidarity among the human race. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">HOTEP BROTHERS AND SISTERS</span></div><div> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";">LOVE AND LIGHT</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-53324629599204113482011-05-01T12:02:00.000+03:002011-05-01T12:02:25.912+03:00HOW AFRICAN LEADERS UNDER-DEVELOP AFRICA<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Accra (Ghanaian Chronicle, May 22, 2000) – The May 13 – 19 issue of the Economist, the influential London news magazine has Africa on the cover. The magazine also has a sketch of Africa on an inside page. It depicts Africa lying prostrate while a bloodied black hand drills a knife into her very heart: Africa’s problems are self inflicted! It used to be fashionable to blame the ills of Africa on others: Colonialism; Neo-colonialism; Imperialists; the CIA (never the KGB!), etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Political scientists describe this phenomenon of the blame game as Dependency Theory, a symptom of symbiotic relationship between the rich and the poor where the poor is dealt the weak hand, deliberately. The late Walter Rodney, the Guyanan historian wrote a book titled, “How Europe Under-Developed Africa.” This is no longer absolutely tenable. The reality of the matter is that the major culprits of the destruction of Africa today, are AFRICANS themselves, with our corrupt leaders and their bands of sycophant, president does-no-wrong minions. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Major corruption in African officialdom continues to cause degenerative under-development on the continent, African countries have become personal estates of official criminal gangs avowed aim is not the development of their countries, but rather siphoning of the national resources into foreign banks. Officials in the tiny European principality of Luxembourg have just frozen eight bank accounts totaling 600 million U.S dollars, belonging to the late super corrupt Sani Abacha of Nigeria. This is one example of how our African leaders contribute to the under-development of Africa!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">CORRUPTION</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Official corruption siphons off money intended for the development of Africa. Apart from making a lot of profits on the interest on investments accruing from Africa’s stolen money, Europeans turn around and loan such money to Africa at exorbitant rates. Thus, in nearly all African countries today, we spend more money to pay the interest on such loans (not the debt itself) than we do on health and education! In effect the African countries are played like a football. Whoever has the ball kicks it until it is near deflation! It is then pumped up by some foreign loans, and the process continues. Such has been our lot since independence. Africa suffers from chronic intermittent growth, and perpetual deflation.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Another method where by our African leaders contribute to the under-development of Africa is the pursuit of wrong-headed policies that result in rampant and continuing wars in Africa. At his very manner, African leaders spend a lot of money buying various types of armaments and ammunition from Europe, America and elsewhere. In this manner, money intended for development projects, is spent on the project of war-making. Meanwhile the money we spend on the arms purchases, provides jobs and income for people in other continents. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">In the early 1990s, it was hoped that corrupt policies that contributed to the under-development of Africa would stop. In fact, President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa was infatuated with this notion of a new wind of leadership blowing across Africa. He described it as the “African Renaissance”. There was a rebirth in the air. Notably, new leaders in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Rwanda and Uganda, not to mention President Mbeki, were seen as the purveyors of accountability, good governance, and mature decision making. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">AFRICAN LEADERSHIP</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">When he visited Africa, President Clinton described these men as the “New Breed of African Leadership” who were going to set worthy examples to be followed by the leaders yet unborn. Alas, it was a harvest expected too soon. As you read this column, Uganda and Rwanda are close to war, unless cooler heads prevail. Ethiopia and Eritrea have just resumed into their tow year old senseless war after a short cease fire which lasted long enough for their combatants to catch their breath, it now appears. These are four countries whose leaders exude the appearance of “renaissance.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">BEST OF FRIENDS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda and President Paul kagame of Rwanda were the best of friends. In fact, they were comrades-in Arms. When Museveni was a rebel in the Ugandan bush fighting to overthrow Milton Obote, he employed Kagame, a Rwandan Tusi exiled living in Uganda as his Chief of Staff. General Paul Kagame was an integral part of the rebel forces who helped General Yoweri Museveni to attain power n Kampala by defeating the Ugandan army and causing the flight from power of Presiden Milton Obote. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Once in power, and no longer a rebel, President Museveni turned to assist Kagame who had formed his own rebel group to fight and overthrow the Rwanda Hutu Government. They were successful, and today General Paul Kagame is the President of Rwanda. But, Kagame and his Tutsi government in Kigali had a problem. The Hutus whom he overthrew had fled to Zaire and they posed an infinite danger to him. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">The late President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire was supportive of the Hutus. In fact, Mbutu kept the body of Rwandan Hutu President whom Kagame forces had shot down, in a fridge in one of estates in Zaire for future burial in Rwanda! If only a rebel would surface in Zaire; and behold, one did emerge in Zaire, sworn to overthrow Mobutu! Thus Kagame and Museveni again united to support Laurent Kabila who eventually caused Mobutu to flee in 1997 and eventual death in Morocco in 1997. Once in power, Kabila did not prove amenable to either the interests of either Museveni or Kagame. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Meanwhile, Kagame and Museveni clashed over the spoils of the huge Congo natural resources. Hence, the two leaders are now supporting rival rebel groups aimed at overthrowing Laurent Kabila. It is this latter issue that is driving Uganda and Rwanda to war, unless diplomatic efforts succeed.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">WE’RE READY</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Both countries spend huge amounts of money to beef up their arsenal, thereby diverting funds that ought to be used in the development of their poor countries. A top Ugandan army official, Brig. Gen. James Kazini, remained in a fighting mood, saying Uganda was ready to fight if provoked. He told the monitor, a Ugandan Newspaper, “This time we’re ready for them…., we’re beginning to realize these people (Rwandans) may be real enemies.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">The other two men touted as “renaissance” leaders have actually drifted to war. Ethiopia and Eritrea have been at war since 1998, when Eitrea occupied Ethiopian “territory”. The causes of the war resist rational explication. It is ostensibly a border dispute, with both sides claiming sovereignty over a remote frontier that was never clearly delineated when Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia in 1993.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">INDEED BROTHERS</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">President Isaias Afwerki of Eritrea and President Meles Zewani of Ethiopia are indeed brothers. They belong to the same Tigrean ethnic group. Like Museveni and Kagame, President Isaias and President Meles were also comrades-in-arms as rebels fighting to overthrow Ethiopia’s Marxist dictatorship under Mengistu Haile Mariam. With the over throw of Mengistu, Isaias Afwerki became the president of a independent Eritra, and Meles Zewani assumed power in Addis Ababa.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Relations were cordial until Eritrea started to behave like a real independent state by adopting policies such as introducing its own currency. That and other policies angered Ethiopia. Eritrea though a small country, has proven quite belligerent. Since 1993, it has gone to war with Sudan, Yemen, and Ethiopia and also threatened its smaller neighbor, Djibouti. Both Ethiopia and Eritrea, also find time to support rival rebel groups in the country that used to be called <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Somalia</b>. As a result, funds that could be spent on the development of these countries are diverted to arms purchases. The current war between Eritrea and Ethiopia coincides with the acute famine brought on by drought in both counties. Millions of people are thought to be in danger. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">DROUGHT AND CONFLICT</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">President Meles had defiantly deflected ay questions about the priority of fighting the nidst of a natural disaster that affects millions. He has this in response, according to a newspaper report: “In Ethiopia we do not wait for a full tummy to protect our sovereignty…, we resist the link between the drought and the conflict.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">President Isaias on his part has suggested that the current conflict has an advantage in showing the reality of independence struggle to a younger generation growing up without full realization of past efforts and sacrifices. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Tahoma","sans-serif";">Africa indeed, has enormous resources to attack some of our myriad problems. Sadly, such resources are depleted by official corruption, and genuflected to wrong policies of our leaders. The so called “new breed” of African leaders is merely like old wines in new bottles. It seems the expectation of “African Renaissance”, to borrow some words from Bob Marley, is a dream to be pursued but never attained.</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-17790242422375821932011-04-29T16:03:00.000+03:002011-04-29T17:57:46.959+03:00ETHIOPIA AND THE ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The ancient Ethiopians and their widespread influence on the early history of civilization</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In discussing the origin of civilization in the ancient Near East, Professor Charles Seignobos in his history of Ancient civilization, notes that the first civilized inhabitants of the Nile and Tigris Euphrates valleys, were dark skinned people with short hair and prominent lips; and that they are referred to by some scholars as Cushites (Ethiopians), and as Hamites by others. This ancient civilization of the Cushites, out of which the earliest cultures of Egypt and Mesopotamia grew, was not confined to the Near East. Traces of it have been found all over the world. Dr. W. J. Perry refers to it as the archaic civilization. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith terms it as the Neolithic Heliolithic culture of the Brunet – Browns. Mr. Wells alludes to this early civilization in his Outline of History, and dates its beginnings as far back as 15,000 years B.C. this peculiar development of the Neolithic culture, included many or all of the following odd practices: (1) Circumcision, (2) the queer custom of sending his father to bed when a child is born, known as couvades, (3) the practice of massage, (4) the making of mummies, (5) megalithic monuments (i.e. Stonehenge), (6) artificial deformation of the heads of the young with bandages, (7) tattooing (8) religious association of the sun and the serpent, and (9) the use of the symbol known as the swastika for good luck. . . . Elliot smith traces these associated practices as a sort of constellation all over this Mediterranean / Indian-Ocean Pacific area. Where one occurs, most of the others occur. They link Brittany with Borneo and Peru. But this constellation of practices does not crop up in the primitive home of the Nordic or Mongolian peoples, nor does it extend southward much beyond equatorial Africa. . . . The first civilization in Egypt and the Euphrates-Tigris valley probably developed directly out of this widespread culture.” (Outline of History, pp. 141-143)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This civilization is called NEOLITHIC by Wells. This is a mistake; for we have overwhelming evidence that these ancient peoples had long passed out of the new Stone Age of culture, and were erecting edifices which could only have been constructed by means of hard metal tools. Iron is the very backbone of civilization, and the Iron Age began very anciently in Africa. The researches of scholars like Boas, Today and Dubois would lead us to believe that the art of mining iron was first developed in the interior of Africa, and that the knowledge of it passed through Egypt to the rest of the world. (See W.E.B. Dubois, The Negro, pp. 144 – 146, Home University Library, New York and London, 1915)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In modern geography the name Ethiopia is confined to the country known as Abyssinia, an extensive territory in East Africa. In ancient times Ethiopia extended over vast domains in both Africa and Asia. It seems certain, “declares Sir E.A. Wallis Budge that classical historians and geographers called the whole region from India to Egypt, both countries inclusive, by the name of Ethiopia, and in consequence they regarded all the dark skinned and black peoples who inhabited it as Ethiopians. Mention is made of Eastern and Western Ethiopians and it was probable that the easterners were the Asiatics and the western Africans.” (History of Ethiopia, Vol. 1., Preface, by Sir E.A. Wallis Budge.) In addition, Budge notes that, “Homer and Herodotus call the peoples of Sudan, Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, and Western Asia and India Ethiopians.” (Ibid., p. 2.) Herodotus wrote in his celebrated History that both the western Ethiopians, who lived in Africa who dwelled in India, were black in complexion, but that the Africans had curly hair, while the Indians were straight haired. (The aboriginal black inhabitants of India are generally are generally referred to as Dravidans, of whom more will be said as we proceed.) Another classical Historian who wrote about the Ethiopians was Strabo, from whom we quote the following: “I assert that the ancient Greeks, in the same way as they classed all the northern nations with which they were familiar as Scythians, etc., so I affirm, they designated as Ethiopia the whole of northern countries towards the ocean.” Strabo adds that “If the moderns have continued the appellation of Ethiopians to those only who dwell near Egypt, this must not be allowed to interfere with the meaning of the ancients.” Ephorus says that: “The Ethiopians were considered as occupying all the south coasts of both Asia and Africa,” and adds that “this is an ancient opinion of the Greeks.” Then we have the view of Stephanus of Byzantium, that: “Ethiopia was the first established country on earth; and the Ethiopians were the first who introduced the worship of gods, and who established laws. “ The vestiges of this early civilization have been found in Nubia, the Egyptian Sudan, West Africa, Egypt, Mashonaland, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, South America, Mexico, and the United States. Evidence about this can be found in such works as the voices of Africa, by Dr. Leo Froebenius; Prehistoric nations, and ancient America, by John D. Baldwin; Rivers of Life, by Major General J. G. R. Forlong; A Book of The Beginnings, by Gerald Massey; Children of The Sun and The Growth of Civilization, by W.J. Perry; The Negro, by Professor W.E.B. Dubois; The Anacalypsis, by Sir Godfrey Higgins; Isis unveiled by Madam H.P. Blavatsky; The Dillusion of Culture by Sir Grafton Elliot Smith; The Mediterranean Race, by professor Serqi; The Ruins of Empires, by Count Volney; The Races of Europe, by Professor William Z. Ripley; and last but not least, The Brilliant Monographs of Mr. Maynard Shipley: New Light on Prehistoric cultures and Americans of a million years of age. (See also Shipley’s Sex and The Garden of Eden Myth, a collection of assays, the best of the lot being one entitled: Christian Doctrines in Pre-Christian America.) These productions of Mr. Shipley have been issued in pamphlet form in the Little Blue Book series, published by Mr. E. Haldeman- Julius, of Girard Kansas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The effort of certain historians to classify these ancient Cushites as Caucasoids does not deceive honest historical students any longer. This may well be illustrated by a passage from the pen of scholarly friend Bishop William Montgomery Brown: “For the first two or three thousand years of civilization, there was not a civilized white man on the earth. Civilization was founded and developed by the swarthy races of Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt, and the white race remained barbaric that in those days an Egyptian or a Babylonian priest would have said that the riffraff of white tribes a few hundred miles to the north of their civilization were hopelessly incapable of acquiring the knowledge requisite to progress. It was southern colored peoples everywhere In China, in Central America, In India, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt and Crete who gave the northern white peoples civilization.” (The Bankruptcy of Christian Supernaturalism, p. 192)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Quite a few Egyptologists have defended the idea that the ancient Egyptians originally came from Asia. There never was any evidence to backup this view, and the only reason it was adopted, was because it was fashionable to believe that no African people was capable of developing a great civilization. Godfrey Parsons refers to Egyptian civilization in his Stream of History, p. 154, New York and London 1932, as “genuinely African in its origin and development.” Herodotus came to the same conclusion 2000 years ago, but he is not taken seriously by majority of modern historians, except where his facts agree with certain theories of said historians. Theories are more precious to some historians than facts, even when the facts flatly contradict their theories. Dr. Froebenious, the great German anthropologist, had examined the ruins of ancient cultures in southern, eastern and western Africa, of an antiquity rivaling those of Egypt and Sumer. Sir John Marshall and Dr. E. Mackay have uncovered the remains of a great Dravidan civilization in India which rose to its peak over 5000 years ago. The newspapers generally report these discoveries as startling and unexpected. They tell us that nobody ever dreamed that these ancient nations ever existed. This novelty, however, does not exist for real students. Anyone familiar with the works of G. Elliot Smith, W.J. Perry, Sir Godfrey Higgins, Dr. H.R. Hall, Sir Henry Rawlinson, John D. Baldwin, Gerald Massey and General Forlong, will not be surprised that the very novel archaeological discoveries announced by the press. Since we are dealing with historical sources and authorities, a study of the researches of Sir Henry Rawlinson, the father of Assyriology, on the Ethiopians in the ancient East, is in order. The following extract is condensed from an essay entitled: On the Early History of Babylonia:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The early system of writing which they brought with them has the closest affinity with that of Egypt – in many cases indeed, there is an absolute identity between the two alphabets. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the Biblical genealogies, Cush (Ethiopia) and Mizrain (Egypt) are brothers, while the former sprang Nimrod (Babylonia.)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In regard to the language of the primitive Babylonians, the vocabulary is undoubtedly Cushite or Ethiopian, belonging to that stock of tongues which in the sequel were everywhere more or less mixed up with the Semitic languages, but of which we have probably the purest modern specimens in the Mahra of Southern Arabia and the Galla of Abyssinia.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">All the traditions of Babylonia and Assyria point to a connection in very early times between Ethiopia, Southern Arabia and the cities on the lower Euphrates. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the future proof of the connection between Ethiopia and Chaldea, we must remember the Greek tradition both of Cepheus and Memnon, which sometimes applied to Africa, and sometimes to the countries at the mouth of the Euphrates; and we must also consider the geographical names of Cush and Phut, which although of African origin, are applied to the races bordering on Chaldea, both in the bible and in the Inscriptions of Darius. (Essay-VI, Appendix, Book I, History of Herodotus, translated by Professor George Rawlinson, with essays and notes by Sir Henry Rawlinson and Sir J.G. Wilkinson.) </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In the study of ancient affairs, folklore and tradition throw an invaluable light on historical records. In Greek mythology we read the great Ethiopian King, Cepheus, whose fame was so great that he and his family were immortalized in the stars. The wife of King Cepheus was queen Cassiopeia, and his daughter Princess Andromeda. The star groups of the celestial sphere, which are named after them, are called the ROYAL family – (the constellations: cepheus, CASSIOPEIA and ANDROMEDA.) It may seem strange that the legendary rulers of ancient Ethiopia should still have their names graven on our star maps, but the voice of history gives us a clue. A book on astrology attributed to Lucian declares that: “The Ethiopians were the first who invented the science of the stars, and gave names to the planets, not at random without meaning, but descriptive of the qualities which they conceived them to possess; and it was from them that this art passed, still in an imperfect state, to the Egyptians.” The Ethiopian origin of astronomy is beautifully explained by Count Volney in a passage in his Ruins of Empires, which is one of the glories of modern literature, and his argument is not based on guesses. He invokes the weighty authority of Charles F. Dupius, whose three monumental works, The Origin of Constellation, The origin of worship and The Chronological Zodiac, are marvels of meticulous research. Dupius placed the origin of the Zodiac as far back as 15,000 B.C., which would give the world’s oldest picture book an antiquity of 17,000 years. (This estimate is not excessive as it might first appear, since the American astronomer and mathematician, Professor Arthur M. Harding, traces back the origin of the Zodiac to about 26,000 B.C.) In discussing star worship and idolatry, Volney gives the following glowing description of the scientific achievements of the ancient, and of how they mapped out the signs of the Zodiac on the star-spangled dome of the heavens:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Should it be asked at what epoch this system took its birth, we shall answer on the testimony o the monuments of astronomy itself, that is principles appear with certainty to have been established about seventeen thousand years ago, and if it be asked to what people it is to be attributed, we shall answer that the same monuments, supported by unanimous traditions, attribute it to the first tribes of Egypt; and reason finds in that country all the circumstances which could lead to such a system; when it finds there a zone of sky, bordering on the tropic, equally free from the rains of the equator and the fogs of the North, when it finds there a central point of sphere of the ancients, a salubrious climate, a great but manageable river, a soil fertile without art or labor, inundated without morbid exhalations, and placed two seas which communicate with the richest countries; it conceives that the inhabitant of the Nile, addicted to agriculture from the facility of communications, to astronomy from the state of his sky, always open to observation, must have been the first to pass from the savage to the social state; and consequently to attain the physical and moral sciences necessary to a civilized life.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">It was, then, on the borders of the upper Nile, among a black race of men that organized the complicated system of the worship of the stars, considered in relation to the productions of the earth and the labors of agriculture… Thus Ethiopian Thebes named stars of inundation, or Aquarius, those stars under which the Nile began to overflow; stars of the ox or bull, those under which they began to plough, stars of the Lion, those under which that animal, driven from the desert by thirst, appeared on the banks of the Nile; stars of the sheaf, or of the harvest virgin, those of the reaping season; stars of the lamb, stars of the two kids, those under which the precious animals were brought forth. … Thus the Ethiopians having observed that the return of the inundation always corresponded with the rising of a beautiful star which appeared towards the source of the Nile, and seemed to warn the husbandman against the coming waters, he compared this action to that of the animal who, by his barking, gives notice of danger, and he called this star the dog, the barker (Sirius). In the same manner he named the stars of the crab; those were the sun, having arrived at the tropic, retreated by a slow retrograde motion like the crab of Cancer. He named stars of the wild goat, or Capricorn, those were the sun, having reached the highest point in his annual tract . . . imitates goat, who delights to climb to the summit of the rocks. He named stars of the balance, Libra, those where the days and nights being equal, seemed in equilibrium, like that instrument; and stars of the scorpion, those where certain periodical winds bring vapors, burning like the venom of the scorpion. (Volney’s Ruins of Empires, pp. 120-122, New York, 1926)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The traditions concerning Memnon are interesting as well as instructive. He was claimed as a king by the Ethiopians, and identified with the pharaoh Amunoph or Amenhotep, by the Egyptians. A fine statue of him is located in the British museum, in London. Charles Darwin makes a reference to this statue in his Descent of Man which is well worth reproducing: “When I look at the statue of Amunoph III, I agreed with two officers of the establishment, both competent judges, that he had strongly marked Negro type of features.” The features of Aknaton (Amenhotep IV) are even more Negroid than those of his illustrious predecessor; That the earliest Egyptians were African Ethiopians, (Nilotic Negros), is obvious to all unbiased students of central history. Breasted’s claims that the early civilized inhabitants of the Nile valley and Western Asia were members of a great white race, is utterly false, and is supported by no facts whatsoever. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We read of Memnon, king of Ethiopia, in Greek mythology, to be exact in Homer’s Iliad, where he leads an army of Elamites and Ethiopians to the assistance of King Priam in the Trojan War. His expedition is said to have started from the African Ethiopia and to have passed through Egypt on the way to Troy. According to Herodotus, Memnon was the founder of Susa, the chief city of the Elamites. “There were places called Memnonia,” asserts Professor Rawlinson, “supposed to have been built by him in both Egypt and at Susa; and there was a tribe called the Memnones or Moroe. Memnon then unites the Eastern and Western Ethiopia, and the less we regard him as an historical personage the more we must view him as personifying the ethnic identity of the two races.” (Ancient Monarchies, Vol. 1, Chap. 3). The ancient people of Mesopotamia are sometimes called the Chaldeans, but this is inaccurate and confusing. Before the Chaldean rule in Mesopotamia, there were the empires of the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians and the Assyrians. The earliest civilization of Mesopotamia was that of the Sumerians. They are designated in the Assyrio-Babylonian inscription as the black-heads or black faced people, and they are shown on the monuments as beardless and with shaven heads. This easily distinguishes them from the Semetic Babylonians who are shown with beards and long hair. From the myths and traditions of the Babylonians we learn that their cultures came originally from the south. Sir Henry Rawlinson concluded from this and other evidence that the first civilized inhabitants of Sumer and Akkad were immigrants from the African Ethiopia. John D. Baldwin, the American Orientalist, on the other hand, claims that since ancient Arabia was also known as Ethiopia, they could just as well come from that country. These theories are rejected by Dr. R. Hall, of the Dept. Of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities of the British Museum, who contends that Mesopotamia was civilized by a migration from India! “The ethnic type of the Sumerians, so strongly marked in their statues and monuments,” says Dr. Hall, “was different from those of the races which surrounded them as was their language from those of the Semites, Aryans or others; they were decidedly Indian in type. The face type of the average Indian of today is no doubt much the same as that of his Dravidan race ancestors thousand of years ago. . . . And it is to this Dravidan ethnic type of India that the ancient Sumerians bear resemblance, so far as we can judge from his monuments. . . . And it is by no means improbable that the Sumerians were an Indian race which passed, certainly by land, perhaps also by sea, through Persia to the valley of the two rivers. It was in the Indian home (perhaps the Indian valley) that we suppose for them that their culture developed. . . . On the way they left the seeds of their culture in Elam. . . . There is little doubt that India must have been one of the earliest centers of human civilization, and it is natural to suppose that that strange un-Semetic and un-Aryan people who came from East to civilize the West were of Indian origin, especially when we see with our own eyes how very Indian the Sumerians were in type.” (The Ancient History of the Near East, pp. 173-174, London, 1916) Hall is opposed in his history of Sumerian origins by Dr. W.J. Perry, the great anthropologist, of the University of London. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“The Sumerian stories or origins themselves tell a different tale,” Perry points out, “for from their beginnings the Sumerians seem to have been in touch with Egypt. Some of their early texts mention Dilmun, Magan and Meluhha. Dilmun was the first settlement that was made by the god Enki, who was the founder of Sumerian civilization. Magan was famous among the Sumerians as a place whence they got diorite and copper, Meluhha as a place whence they got gold. Dilmun has been identified with some place or other in the Persian Gulf, perhaps the Bahrein islands, perhaps a land on the eastern shore of the Gulf. In a late inscription of the Assyrians it is said that Magan and Meluhha were the archaic names for Egypt and Ethiopia, the latter being the south-western part of Somaliland that lay opposite.” (The Growth of Civilization, pp. 60-61, 2<sup>nd</sup> edition, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, 1937, Published by Penguin Books Ltd.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Another great nation of Ethiopian origin was Elam, a country which stressed from the Tigris River to the Zagros Mountains of Persia. Its capital was the famous city of Susa, which was founded about 4,000 B.C., and flourished from that date to its destruction Moslem invaders about the year 650 C.E. (Christian Era.) in speaking of The Elamites, H. G. Wells H. H. Johnson, to have been Negroid in type. There is a strong Negroid strain in the modern people of Elam. (Outline of History p. 166) Archaeological evidence favors this view. Reginald S. Poole, the English Egyptologist noted that: “There is one portrait of an Elamite (Cushite) king on a vase found at Susa; he is painted black and thus belongs to the Cushite race.” (Quoted by Professor Alfred C. Haddon, in his History of Anthropology, p. 6, London, 1934) Thinker’s Library Edition, published by Watts and Co., 5 & 6 Johnson’s court, Fleet St.., London, E. c-4 England.)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In former times of the Asiatic negro spread, we can explain how, useless the land connections of those days were more extended, through Eastern Australia to Tansmania, and from the Solomon island to the new Caledonia and even New Zealand, to Fiji and Hawaii. The Negro element in Burma and Annam is, therefore, easily to be explained by supposing that in ancient times Southern Asia had a Negro population ranging from the Persian Gulf to Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago. (See an Introduction to African Civilization, by Willis N. Higgins. Ph.D. and John G. Jackson, pp. 188-190, New York, 1937)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Most readers of history know about the Celts, ancient inhabitants of Europe, whose priests were known as Druids. It is gene rally thought that these Celts were Caucasoid, but Sir Godfrey Higgins, after much study came to the conclusion that they were a Negroid people. Higgins wrote a ponderous volume entitled The Celtic Druids. In the following passage from his Anacalypsis he modestly refers to it as a essay: “In my essay of the Celtic Druids, I have shown that a great nation called Caltae, of whom the Druids were the priests, spread themselves almost over the whole earth, and are to be traced in their rude gigantic monuments from India to the extremity of Britain. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The religion of Buddha of India is well known to have been very ancient.” (Higgins here is referring to the first Buddha, who is supposed to have lived between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago, and not to Gautama Buddha who lived about 600 years B. C. There were at least ten Buddhas mentioned in the sacred books of India). “Who these can have been but in this opinion I am not singular. The learned Maurice says the Cuthies (Cushites), i.e. Celts, built the great temples in India and Britain, and excavated the caves of the former; and the learned mathematician, Reuben Burrow, has no hesitation in pronouncing Stonehenge to be a temple of the black curly-headed Buddha.” (Anacalypsis, Vol. I, Book I, Chap. IV, New York, 1927)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Though it is believed that Columbus discovered America, it is now definitely known to the students of American Archaeology that Columbus came late. Professor Leo Weiner has written a three volume work, Africa and the Discovery of America, in which he argues that the New World was discovered by Africans long before the time of Columbus. Professor Weiner was led to this conclusion partly from the following evidence:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. African works in American Indian languages.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Vases and pipe-bowls found in the ruins of the Mound-Builders, showing Negro faces on their surfaces. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3. The presence of African foods in America, such as the peanut and the yam. </span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. The totemic organization of the Amerindian tribes, very similar to African totemism. (Totemism is a sort of primitive theory of evolution. For instance, certain tribes are divided into clans, and each clan is, as a rule named after some species of an animal. Let us suppose a tribe is divided into four clans, bearing the following names: (1) eagle, (2) bear, (3) crow and (4) wolf. A member of the Bear clan will consider himself as descended from bears, a member of a wolf clan will tell you that he is a wolf and that all his ancestors were wolves, and so on; this clan ancestor being known as the Totem. There are numerous definitions of totemism but the best is one by Professor A. VB. Haddon: “Totemism, as Dr. Frazer and I understand it in its fully developed condition, implies the division of a people into several totem kins, or as they are usually termed, totem clans, each of which has one or sometimes more than one totem. The totem is usually a species of an animal, sometimes a species of a plant, occasionally a natural object or phenomenon, very rarely manufactured article. The totems are regarded as kinsfolk or protectors of the kinsmen, who respect them and refrain from killing and eating them. There is thus recognition of mutual rights and obligations between the members of the kin and their totem. The totem is the crest of symbol of the kin.” </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Professor Weiner solves the riddle of old American civilization with an Arabico-Mandingo lexicon and derives everything of importance in the New World from the highly civilized coast of Gambia and Sierra Leone. From brightest Africa came the principal American food plants, the Mayan calendar and the Mexican religion. It may be added that Professor Weiner swarms his Negros across the Atlantic in no less than fifty voyages before Columbus.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Indian was not the original African. Professor Ales Hrdlicka of the Smithsonian Institution, as authority on the Amerinds, contends that the ancestors of the Indians came from Asia via Bering Strait 10,000 years ago. American civilization is older than that. The ruins of Tiahuanaco, in Bolivia, according to Dr, Rudolph Muller, a noted German astronomer, are between 10,000 and 14,000 years old. The remains of this ancient city show that it was inhabited by a highly civilized people. (See an article entitled “The Oldest City in the World,” by A. H. Verrill, in the N. Y. Herald-Tribune Magazine, July 31, 1932) Excavations in Mexico have produced startling results. Dr. Maximus Neumayer, a distinguished Brazilian archaeologist examined the pyramids of Teotihuacan, which he estimates to be 45,000 years of age. He thinks that these pyramids were built by a people akin to the Egyptians; and from their arrangement suggests that they form a sort of model of the solar system, with a pedestal in the center representing the sun. We must also mention the discoveries of Professor Ramon Mena, Curator of the Department of Archaeology of the Mexican Government. This scientist explored the ruins of the great city of Palenque, and concluded that the ancient Metropolis was built over 10,000 years ago. He also found that the inhabitants of the city were familiar with the manufacture and use of Stucco. The celebrated French archaeologist, Desiree Charny, unearthed statues around Mexico City, more than fifty years ago, with faces showing Negroid features. Pictures of some of them may be seen in Ignatius Donelley’s Atlantis, pp. 174-175.we have reliable proof of the presence of men of the Ethiopian race in pre-Columbian America. Farther Roman, one of the first catholic missionaries to arrive in the New World, records that a tribe of black men came from the south and landed in Haiti, and that they were armed with darts and guanin (a composition of silver, gold and copper), and were known as the black guanins. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Most of us are familiar with the Mayan civilization of the Yucatan and Central America, since American archaeologists have devoted many years of intensive research to these territories. Among the speculations involving the origin of this culture, those of LePlongeon and Raquena are most valuable. Professor Rafael Requena, a Venezuelan archaeologist, holds that there was once an island in the Atlantic Ocean, of continental dimensions, known to the ancients as Atlantis, that this island was settled by Egyptians, who in turn established colonies In America before the submergence of Atlantis. The findings of Professor Augustus LePlongeon are of great interest. This Franco-American archaeologist discovered the ruins of a palace in Chichen Itza in 1874. He found in this structure, known as prince Coh’s palace, pictographs and inscriptions which he was able to decipher.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That Atlantis was connected with the history of ancient Ethiopia there can be little doubt. The Greek philosopher, Proclus, stated in his works that he could present evidence that Atlantis at one time actually existed. He cited as his authority The Ethiopian History of Marcellus. In referring to Ethiopian history to prove the existence of Atlantis, Proclus plainly infers that Atlantis was a part of Ethiopia. (See Cory’s Ancient Fragments of the Phoenician, Carthaginian, Babylonian, Egyptian and other Authors, London, 1876. See also, Maynard Shipley’s New Light on Prehistoric Cultures and Bramwell’s Lost Atlantis.) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In reviewing James Bramwell’s Lost Atlantis, Mr. Lewis Gannet states that: “The German anthropologist Frobenius definitely locates Atlantis in Nigeria, whose ancient civilization he relates to that of the Etruscans and the Assyrians.” (New York Herald –Tribune, Mar. 3, 1938) Dr. Frobenius found ruins of palaces, terra cotta fragments and beautiful statuary in Jorubaland, a district in Nigeria between the Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean; and heard among the Jorubian legends of an ancient royal city and its palace with walls of gold, which in the long ago had sunk beneath the waves. The German scholar, Eugen Georg, is a keen student of the Atlantis question, and the following remarks of his are worthy of our attention:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The New Age that began after the disappearance of Atlantis was marked at first by the world wide dominance of Ethiopian representatives of the black race. They were supreme in Africa and Asia, and they even infiltrated through southern Europe. During the present era – that is the last 10,000 years - the white race has come to possess the world. According to the occult tradition, Semetic peoples developed wherever the immigrating white colonists from the north were subjugated by the black ruling class, and inter-mixture occurred, as in oldest Egypt, Chaldea, Arabia and Phoenicia. (The Adventure of Mankind, by Eugen Georg, pp. 121-122, New York, 1931)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">So far we have given little or no attention to the evidence of comparative religion. The study of ancient religious history is important, for religion, like philosophy, changes but slowly. Institutional religion, being conservative and static in its outlook, has preserved much ancient lore that would have otherwise been lost to the modern student. The Greek philosopher Xenophanes (572-480 B.C) pointed out a profound truth when he observed that the gods men worship very closely resemble the worshipers. In the words of this ancient sage: “Each man represents the gods as he himself is. The Ethiopian as black and flat-nosed the Thracian as red-haired and blue-eyed; if the horses and oxen could paint, they would no doubt depict the gods as horses and oxen.” This being the case; when we find the great nations of the world, both past and present, worshiping black gods, then we logically conclude that these peoples are either members the black race, or that they originally received their religion in part from the black people. The proofs are abundant. The ancient gods of India are shown with Ethiopian crowns on their heads. According to the Old Testament, Moses first met Jehovah during his sojourn among the Madianites, who are an Ethiopian tribe. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">We learn from the Hellenic that Zeus, king of Grecian gods, so cherished the friendship of the Ethiopians that he revealed to their country twice a year to attend banquets. “All the gods and goddesses of Greece were black,” asserts Sir Godfrey Higgins, “at least this was the case with Jupiter, Baccus, Hercules, Apollo, Ammon. The goddesses Benum, Isis, Hecate, Diana, Juno, Metis, Ceres, and Cybele were black. (Anacalypsis, Vol. I Book IV Chap. I) Even the Romans who received their religion mainly from Greece, admitted their debt to Egypt and Ethiopia. Theis may be well illustrated by the following passage from The Golden Ass or Metamorphosis, by Apelius. The author, an initiate of the Isis cult is presented as being addressed by that goddess: “I am present; I who am nature, the parent things, queen of all elements. The primitive Phrygians called me Prress imunitica, mother of the gods, the native Athenians, Ceropian Minerva; the floating Cyprians, Paphian Venus, the inhabitants of Eleusis, the ancient goddess Ceres. Some again have invoked me as Juno, others as Bellona, others as Hecate, and others Rhamnusia; and those who are enlightened by the emerging rays of the rising sun, the Ethiopians, Ariians and Egyptians, powerful in ancient learning, who reverence by dignity with ceremonies perfectly proper, call me by my true appellation, Queen Isis.” (Doane’s Bible Myths, Note, p. 478) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A study of the images of the ancient deities of both the Old and New Worlds reveal their Ethiopic origin. This is noted by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie in T. A. Buckley’s Cities of the Ancient World, p. 180: “From the wooly texture of the hair, I am inclined to assign to the Buddha of India, the Fuhi of China, the Sommonnacom of the Siamese, the Zaha of the Japanese, and the Quetazlcoatl of the Mexicans, the same and indeed an African, or rather Nubian origin.” Most of these black gods were regarded as crucified saviors who died to save mankind by being nailed to the cross, or tied to a tree with arms outstretched as if on a cross, or slain violently in some other manner. Of these crucified saviors, the most prominent were Osiris and Horus of Egypt, Krishna of India, Mithra of Persia, Quetazlcoatl of Mexico, Adonis of Babylonia and Attis of Phrygia. Nearly all of these slain savior-gods have the following stories related about them: They are born of a virgin, on or near Dec. 25<sup>th</sup> (Christmas); their births are heralded by a star; they are born either in a cave or stable; they are slain commonly by crucifixion; they descend into hell, and rise from the dead at the beginning of Spring (Easter), and finally ascend to heaven. The parallels between the legendary lives of these pagan messiahs and the Life of Jesus Christ as recorded in the Bible are so similar that progressive Bible scholars now admit that the stories of these heathen Christs have been woven into the life-story of Jesus. (These remarkable parallels are discussed in and interpreted in a pamphlet, Christianity Before Christ, by John G. Jackson, New York, 1938)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The late Mr. Maynard Shipley, President of The Science League of America, made a very scholarly study of the various mythologies and religions of the world, and in the concluding passage of a brilliant essay, Christian Doctrines in Pre-Christian America, he offers a profoundly thought provoking statement:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">That the ancient pagan creeds, legends and myths – part of the universal mythos – should be found embodied in religion of the ancient Mexicans, and that all those again are found to be but the original sources of the modern orthodox Christian religion, is by no means inexplicable, and need not be attributed to the subtlety of the Ubiquitous Devil. The explanation is that all religions and all the languages of the civilized races of men had a common origin in an older seat of civilization. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The evidence seems to show that the “original center of culture,” referred to by Mr. Shipley, was that vast domain known to the classical geographers and historians as Ethiopia. A study of religious images throws much light on this early civilization. The tau (T-shaped) cross is thought by many Christians to be a unique emblem of their faith. The fact is that this cross is of ancient Ethiopian origin. In the words of an outstanding student of symbolism: “The Ethiopic form of the tau is a exact prototype of the conventional Christian cross; or, to state the fact in its chronological relation, the Christian cross is made in the exact image of the Ethiopian tau.” (Sex Symbolism. P. 9, by William J, Fielding, Little Blue Book No. 904.) The cross was known to all the ancient nations, and was sometimes shown with the image of a man upon it. The Church Father, Minucius Felix, writing in the early part of the third century, severely rebukes the pagans for their adoration of crosses: “I must tell you that we neither adore crosses nor desire them; you it is ye pagans … for what else are your ensigns, flags and standards, but crosses gilt and beautiful. Your victorious trophies not only represent a cross, but a cross with a man upon it.” Commenting on the preceding extract, the American scholar, T. W. Doane, notes that:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">It is very evident that this celebrated Christian Father alludes to some Gentle Mystery, of which the prudence of his successors has deprived us. When we compare this with the fact that for centuries after the time assigned for the birth of Jesus Christ, he was not presented as a man on the cross, and that the Christians did not have such a thing as the crucifix, we are inclined to think that the effigies of a black or dark skinned crucified man were to be seen in many places in Italy even during the last century, may have something to do with it. (Bible Myths, p. 197, 7<sup>th</sup> Edition) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The same writer also refers to “the Mexican crucified god being sometimes represented as black,” and that “crosses were also found in Yucatan, as well as Mexico with a man upon them.” (Ibid., p. 201)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Very suggestive is the fact that representations of the virgin mother and infant savior are often black. This is true in the case of the paintings and images of Isis and Horus, of Devaki and Krishna, and in many cases of Mary and Jesus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The most ancient pictures and statues in Italy and other parts of Europe, which are adored by the faithful as representations of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus, reveal the infant draped in white, but with a black face and in the arms of a black mother. . . . How does it happen that the virgin mother of the Mexican Savior-God so closely resembled the black virgins of Egypt and Europe? Had they not all a common origin?” (Sex and the Garden of Eden Myth, pp. 50-51, by Maynard Shipley, Little blue book No. 188) Mr. A H. Verrill, an American archaeologist visited an Indian shrine in a small town in Guatemala a few years ago, and found that on a special festival day Indians travelled to this little church to bow down to the image of a black Christ. From the attendant ceremonies, Verrill judged the rite to be of Mayan origin, (See Verrill’s Old Civilizations of the World, New York, 1938) The Mayans possessed knowledge of the arts and sciences equivalent to that of the ancients of the Old World, but upon that we can not dwell, since limitations of space forbid it. The reader is referred to Professor Paul Radin’s fine book on the American Indians, where after surveying the marvelous scientific achievements of the Mayans of Yucatan and Central America, Dr. Radin admits that: “No excavations have ever revealed to us any simpler nature from which this very elaborate culture could possibly have been developed.” (The Story of The American Indian, p. 77, Garden City, 1937.) Egypt and Western Asia tell the same story. “In each case we have a standard of measuring-rod of authentic historical record,” declares Samuel Laing, of certainly not less than 8,000 and more probably 9,000 or 10,000 years, from the present time; and in each case we find ourselves at this remote date, in presence, not of rude beginnings, but of a civilization already ancient and far advanced. We have populous cities, celebrated temples, an organized priesthood, an advanced state of agriculture and of the industrial and fine arts; writing and books so long known to their origin is lost in myth; religions in which advanced philosophical and moral ideas are already developed; astronomical systems which imply a long course of accurate observations. How long this prehistoric age may have lasted, and how many centuries it may have taken to develop such a civilization, from the primitive beginnings of the Neolithic and Paleolithic origins, is a matter of conjecture. All we can infer is, that it must have required an immense time, much longer than that embraced by the subsequent period of historical record.” (Human Origins, by Samuel Laing, p. 30, London, 1913)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Much more could be said on this subject, but since this essay is addressed mainly to readers who have little time for the study of history, it must be made as concise as possible. The numerous citations from standard scientific and historical works, it is hoped, will be of some benefit to students who are out of reach of large public libraries, or who lack the leisure time necessary for reading and research along these lines. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-1395313936463916622011-04-29T15:00:00.001+03:002011-04-29T15:00:47.492+03:00ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE UGANDAN<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">AFRICAN HERITAGE</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ANCIENT EGYPTIANS WERE UGANDAN</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">BY</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">KIHURA NKUBA</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Egyptians were black people, darker than most dark skinned people living in Uganda. The Egyptians called themselves Kemites or “people of Kemet”, meaning “the black people”. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the wall of the tomb of Ramses III, the Egyptians left an almost color picture (bas-relief) of what they looked like. They painted the Egyptian as black in full color. They painted another black person dressed like the rest of the Africans; who was dressed like the first Egyptians. They then painted a white person as the Indo European and the Semite (half African – half Asiatic) resembling the present day Arabs. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To the list of the exquisite murals that show the Egyptians as very black people, one can add the Egyptian sculpture of “Battalion 40” of armed Sudanese from the tomb of Prince Masathi of Assiout of the 12<sup>th</sup> dynasty the Her-Em-Eket (moulded after the head of Pharaoh Kakafure), almost all the Egyptian gods, the prisoners of Abu Simbel the black peasant prisoners in the tomb of Pharaoh Horemheb, the sculpture and actual mummy of the Pharaoh Ramses II and many others.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Where they have found mummies of the ancient Pharaohs they have been black to the extent that the Europeans, and now Arabs, had to state that it was the embalming process that turned them black. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Egyptians regarded white people with low esteem. They viewed black people as the premier race as in the much publicized depiction of all races in the tomb of Sesostris I in the valley of Bibanel-Moluk at Thebes. Here we see the European as a tattooed savage, a blonde beast, dressed in animal skin, instead being at the start of all civilization.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Egyptians were black people who came from the south. The Egyptian concept of one supreme God was taken directly from the south. The Egyptian concept of one supreme God was taken directly from the great lakes region. In all the paintings of the ancient Egyptians in all the temples, the original god of the Egyptians was Patah, who was later to become Beth. The god Beth was a Twa (pygmy) from central Africa, according to the celebrated English Historian Albert Churchward and leading Egyptologists W.E. Wallice Budge. The story of the parting of the Red Sea existed during the reign of Senefuru and we meet his chief physician and sage, Zazamanka, parting the sea to remove a lost piece of malachite. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The story of Cain and Abel exits in Egypt as a tale of two brothers in one of the oldest scripts. One of the brothers was called Bitau. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Egyptians were also Abantu. The Egyptians had come from the south and moved northwards and established the kingdoms of Napata, Kush, Ethiopia and Kemet. The same implements used by people of the great lakes region were everyday implements of the Egyptian people. The Maasai necklaces remained the primary standard of Egyptian kings and commoners up to the Arab invasion in 637AD. The Karimajong hand stool was used in ancient Egypt as a headrest and can be seen in any museum that exhibits Egyptian implements, while <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emikarabanda</i> (wooden sandals) remain in everyday use in Egypt. The grinding stone was what the Egyptians used to make flour; the Ankole cows were the cows sacred to the Egyptians and the Egyptian goddess Isis (Auset) wife of Osiris (Ausar). The Egyptian columns of the first dynasties in the temples at Sakara were built modeled on papyrus reeds, used for the construction in the great lakes region. The step pyramid itself was modeled on the papyrus roofs of people like the Karimajong or Banyankore. The Egyptian dances are not dissimilar to Runyege or Ding Ding. Egyptian pharaohs wore Leopard and Lion skins just like the leaders in the great lakes. Remember that lions are only found in Africa. There are no lions in the Middle East or Europe. The names of the Egyptians are similar to those in the great lakes region. In fact one of the last kings of the 25<sup>th</sup> dynasty (750BC) was called Ssabataka. Buganda, Ankole and Bunyoro also buried their kings in pyramids and funerary temples similar to the pyramids of Kasubi. In one of the oldest books from ancient Egypt, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The teachings of Ptah Hotep,</i> the instructions on governance and m oral teachings were given to a man called Kagame. This name was obviously from the great lakes region. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Egyptians traded with the people of the Lacustrine region and never forgot where they came from. One of the exchanges that took place between Ancient Egyptians was revealed in a letter that Nefer-Ka-Ra (Pepi II) wrote in about 2,370 to the head of the trade expedition Herkhuf, the land “on the edge of the world “ which was the land of the East African great lakes. The fourth expedition brought back a Twa, Mwamba (pygmy) to the pharaoh. Another Egyptian text, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the tale of castaway</i> dating from the 20<sup>th</sup> century gives precise information about the life of the sailors and economic relationships between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The papyrus of Hunefer, </i>the ancient stated categorically: “We came from the source of the Nile at the foothills of the Mountains of the Moon, in the land of the gods, where god Hapi dwells.” This location technically interpreted means Ibanda village on river Mubuku, at the foothills of the Rwenzori Mountains. The land that is currently Uganda and Congo was “the land of the gods” to the Egyptians. One of Egypt’s first gods who would be adopted by the Haribu (Hebrews) was “Beth” sometimes written as “Bez”, who was a Twa (pygmy).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Churchward states: “Under the name of Tekhi, the old great mother (the Nile) was the giver of liquid and supplier of drink; as Neith, she was the suckler of crocodiles; as Isis, she was the milk-mother, and as Menat, she was the wet nurse, typical provider of plenty and primarily she was mother earth, and fundamentally related to the water source of the Egyptian inundation.” He adds: “The ancient Egyptians knew that the great lakes region in East Africa was the source of the Nile, and the cause of inundation, a statement proven by the Egyptian ritual.”</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Churchward continues: “Chief of the unseen land, the hidden place. We know that they commence the entrance of the Tuat terrestrial (first division) of the tuat and first hour of the night at the delta or the mouth of the Nile and that it ended in the Island of the double cave”. That was the Island situated in the great lake, the source of the Nile-Victoria Nyanza. This was Khui land, the exit of the 12<sup>th</sup> division of the Tuat and the 12<sup>th</sup> hour of the night.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The island of the Double cave is probably the Rukwanzi island of Lake Mwitazingye the first of the two lakes mentioned. The second lake to the south is Lake Edward. The hill in question is one of the many hills that make up more than 70km of the mountains of the Moon known as the Rwenzori. However, Buvuma Island on Lake Nyanza also has the caves and the hill in question. I am not able to find the second lake around this Island.</span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6402764182208424063.post-44201543608875907662011-03-11T12:20:00.015+03:002014-01-12T00:56:52.212+03:00AFRICAN TRUTH MOVEMENT<div align="justify"><span style="color: white;"></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #c27ba0; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>BAYIKUUZI PRESENT THE MISSING PAGES IN WORLD HISTORY</b></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: white;"><a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-AdLikKJAQR0/TkqUW5pnzqI/AAAAAAAAAD0/3_nIvjKNW-g/s1600-h/llllo%25255B2%25255D.png"><img alt="kemet" border="0" height="184" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-gY5Bb0hTgX4/TkqV03LbjhI/AAAAAAAAAD8/ZiP68NjK1jA/llllo_thumb.png?imgmax=800" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; display: inline;" title="llllo" width="244" /></a> <iframe align="right" frameborder="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?t=africa085-20&o=1&p=8&l=bpl&asins=B001F7AXH2&fc1=000000&IS2=1&lt1=_blank&m=amazon&lc1=0000FF&bc1=000000&bg1=FFFFFF&f=ifr" style="align: right; height: 245px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 5px; width: 131px;"></iframe></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Bayikuuzi is a conscious movement that aims at invoking the missing pages of World history which is African civilization in the minds of the Africans. Our mission is to re-eduBayikuuzi is a conscious movement that aims at invoking the missing pages of World history which is African civilization in the minds of the Africans. Our mission is to re-educate the African about their glorious past that precedes Kingship, Slavery and Colonialism by hundreds of thousands of years thus leading to the emancipation of the African mind from all forms of mental slavery.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Our intention is to create a higher self awareness and pride in the African people by reviving the oldest unifying philosophy of the Nile Valley, <b>UBUNTU.</b> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">We collect, translate and document undistorted information which has been scientifically researched by Africans and others on issues pertinent to Africa. For a long time African History written by Africans has been suppressed and for that sin, Africa has reaped poverty, disease, loss of self esteem, and will continue to be the victim until the African realizes that their ancestors were not created in bondage but rather civilized the World with <b>UBUNTU.</b> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Once you change your thought philosophy, you change your thought pattern, once you change your thought pattern, you change your attitude, once you change your attitude, you change your behavior, then you get into some action. "Wood may stay in water for five hundred years but will never become a crocodile". The truth will set us free and illusions will only keep us in bondage. <b>KNOW THY SELF, CENTRALIZE AND ORGANIZE. HOTEP.</b></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">KNOW THY SELFcate the African about their glorious past that precedes Kingship, Slavery and Colonialism by hundreds of thousands of years thus leading to the emancipation of the African mind from all forms of mental slavery. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Our intention is to create a higher self awareness and pride in the African people by reviving the oldest unifying philosophy of the Nile Valley, <b>UBUNTU.</b> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">We collect, translate and document undistorted information which has been scientifically researched by Africans and others on issues pertinent to Africa. For long time African History written by Africans has been suppressed and for that sin, Africa has reaped poverty, disease, loss of self esteem, and will continue to be the victim until the African realizes that their ancestors were not created in bondage but rather civilized the World with <b>UBUNTU.</b> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">Once you change your thought philosophy, you change your thought pattern, once you change your thought pattern, you change your attitude, once you change your attitude, you change your behavior, then you get into some action. "Wood may stay in water for five hundred years but will never become a crocodile". The truth will set us free and illusions will only keep us in bondage. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>KNOW THY SELF, CENTRALIZE AND ORGANIZE. </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>HOTEP.</b></div><div class="blogger-post-footer" style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: white;">KNOW THY SELF</span></div></div><div align="justify"><span style="color: white;"></span></div><div class="blogger-post-footer">KNOW THY SELF</div>African Truth Movementhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11251557310226687395noreply@blogger.com0