NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR

2021-06-18T16:37:00.002+05:30

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR
(वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र)

v Described Construction and working principle of Van De Graaff Generator with diagram.

(वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र की संरचना तथा कार्यविधि चित्र की सहायता से समझाइए।)

Ans.

प्रोफेसर वानडे ग्राफ ने सन् 1931 में एक ऐसे स्थिर वैद्युत उत्पादक यन्त्र (electrostatic generator) की रचना की जिसके द्वारा दस लाख वोल्ट या इससे भी उच्च कोटि का विभवान्तर उत्पन्न किया जा सकता है। इस जनित्र को उनके नाम पर ही वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र कहते हैं।

(Professor Van de Graaff in 1931 designed such an electrostatic generator, by which a potential difference of one million volts or more can be generated. This generator is called Van de Graaff generator after his name.)

Working Principle (सिद्धान्त)

Van de Graaff Generator is an electrostatics device , which work mainly two principle:

1. Corona Discharge: (कोरोना रिसाव or Leakage):

A corona discharge is an electrical discharge caused by the ionization of a fluid such as air surrounding a conductor carrying a high voltage.

(एक कोरोना डिस्चार्ज एक विद्युत निर्वहन है जो एक उच्च वोल्टेज वाले कंडक्टर के आसपास हवा के आयनीकरण के कारण होता है)

1. Accumulation of charge on outer sphere (बाहरी गोले पर आवेश का संचय):

Total charge comes at outer surface sphere-

Construction (संरचना)

चित्र में वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र की रचना प्रदर्शित है। इसमें लगभग 5 मीटर व्यास के धातु का खोखला गोला S होता है जो लगभग 15 मीटर ऊँचे विद्युतरोधी स्तम्भों A व B पर टिका रहता है। P1 और P2 दो घिरनियाँ होती हैं जिनमें से होकर विद्युतरोधी पदार्थ; जैसे-रबर या रेशम की बनी एक पट्टी (belt) गुजरती है। नीचे की घिरनी P को एक वैद्युत मोटर के द्वारा घुमाया जाता है जिससे पट्टी ऊध्र्वाधर तल में तीर की दिशा में घूमने लगती है। C1 और C2 धातु की दो कंघियाँ होती हैं। C1 को फुहार कंघी (spray comb) तथा C2 को संग्राहक कंघी (collection comb) कहते हैं। कंघी C1 को एक उच्च विभव की बैटरी के धने सिरे से जोड़ दिया जाता है ताकि वह लगभग 10000 वोल्ट के पृथ्वी धनात्मक विभवे पर रह सके। कंघी C2 को गोले S के हैं आन्तरिक पृष्ठ से जोड़ दिया जाता है। D एक विसर्जन-नलिका (discharge tube) है। चित्र गोले से आवेश के क्षरण (leakage) को रोकने के लिए जनित्र को एक लोहे के टैंक में जिसमें दाब । युक्त (लगभग 15 वायुमण्डलीय दाब) वायु भरी होती है, बन्द कर देते हैं। लोहे का टैंक पृथ्वीकृत होता है।

(The construction of the Vande graph generator is shown in the figure. It consists of a hollow metal sphere S of about 5 meters in diameter, which rests on insulating pillars A and B about 15 meters high. P1 and P2 are two pulleys through which an insulating material is passed; For example, a belt made of rubber or silk passes through. The lower pulley P is rotated by an electric motor so that the bar starts rotating in the vertical plane in the direction of the arrow. C1 and C2 are two metal combs. C1 is called spray comb and C2 is called collection comb. Comb C1 is connected to the positive end of a high potential battery so that it can remain at earth positive potential of about 10000 volts. The comb C2 is attached to the inner surface of the sphere S. D is a discharge tube. To prevent leakage of charge from the image sphere, the generator is placed in an iron tank in which the pressure Contains (about 15 atmospheric pressure) air is filled, they close. The iron tank is earthized.)

v Working Method (कार्यविधि)

जब कंघे C₁ को अति उच्च विभव दिया जाता है, तो तीक्ष्ण बिन्दुओं की क्रिया के फलस्वरूप यह इसके स्थान में आयन उत्पन्न करता है। धन आयनों व कंघे C₁ के बीच प्रतिकर्षण के कारण ये धन आयन बेल्ट पर चले जाते हैं। गतिमान बेल्ट द्वारा ये आयन ऊपर ले जाए जाते हैं। C₂ के तीक्ष्ण सिरे बेल्ट को ठीक छूते हैं। इस प्रकार कंघा C2 बेल्ट के धन आवेश को एकत्रित करता है। यह धन आवेश शीघ्र ही गोले S के बाहरी पृष्ठ पर स्थानान्तरित हो जाता है। चूंकि बेल्ट घूमती रहती है, यह धन आवेश को ऊपर की ओर ले जाती है जो कंघे C₂ द्वारा एकत्रित कर लिया जाता है तथा गोले S के बाहरी पृष्ठ पर स्थानान्तरित हो जाता है। इस प्रकार गोले S का बाहरी पृष्ठ निरन्तर धन आवेश प्राप्त करता है तथा इसका विभव अति उच्च हो जाती है। जब गोले S का विभवे बहुत अधिक हो जाता है, तो निकटवर्ती वायु की परावैद्युत तीव्रता (dielectric strength) टूट जाती है तथा आवेश का निकटवर्ती वायु में क्षरण (leakage) हो जाता है। अधिकतम विभव की स्थिति में आवेश के क्षरण होने की दर गोले पर स्थानान्तरित आवेश की दर के बराबर हो। जाती है। गोले से आवेश का क्षरण रोकने के लिए, जनित्र को पृथ्वी से सम्बन्धित तथा उच्च दाबे पर वायू भरे टैंक में रखा जाता है।

(When comb C₁ is given a very high potential, it generates ions in its place as a result of the action of the sharp points. These positive ions move to the belt due to the repulsion between the positive ions and comb C₁. These ions are carried up by the moving belt. The sharp ends of C₂ touch the belt exactly. Thus comb C₂ collects the positive charge of the belt. This positive charge is soon transferred to the outer surface of the sphere S. As the belt continues to rotate, it moves the positive charge upward which is collected by comb C₂ and transferred to the outer surface of the sphere S. Thus the outer surface of the sphere S receives constant positive charge and its potential becomes very high. When the potential of the sphere S becomes very high, the dielectric strength of the surrounding air breaks down and the charge leaks into the surrounding air. In the case of maximum potential, the rate of loss of charge is equal to the rate of transfer of charge to the sphere. She goes. To prevent corrosion of charge from the sphere, the generator is placed in a tank filled with air at high pressure, relative to the earth.)

v Uses (उपयोग) :

वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र धन आवेशित कणों को अति उच्च वेग तक त्वरित करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है।(The Van de Graaff generator is used to accelerate positively charged particles to very high velocities.)

वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र के उपयोग निम्नलिखित (Following are the uses of Van de graaff generator)

1. उच्च विभवान्तर उत्पन्न करने के लिए (To produce high potential difference)- 10⁶Volt

2. तीव्र एक्स किरणों के उत्पादन में (n the production of intense X rays)

3. नाभिकीय विघटन के प्रयोगों में आवेशित कणों (प्रोटॉन, ड्यूट्रॉन तथा α कण आदि) को उच्च गतिज ऊर्जा प्रदान करने में (In providing high kinetic energy to charged particles (protons, deutrons and α particles etc.) in nuclear disintegration experiments)

4. नाभिकीय भौतिकी के अध्ययन में इसका उपयोग कण त्वरक (particle accelerator) के रूप में किया जाता है।(It is used as a particle accelerator in the study of nuclear physics.)

v Demerit (दोष)- वानडे ग्राफ जनित्र के दोष निम्नवत् हैं- (The following are the demerit of Van de Graaff Generator-)

1. इसके आकार के बड़ा होने के कारण इसका उपयोग असुविधाजनक होता है। (Due to its large size, its use is inconvenient.)

2. उच्च विभव के कारण इसको उपयोग खतरनाक होता है।(It is dangerous to use due to high potential.)

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…………………………………………..The End……… THANKS………………………………………………..

SI unit of seven fundamental physical quantities

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CLASS_11TH_PHYSICS : PHYSICAL WORLD_BY- Er Ajit Sir

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MATERIALS SCIENCE || [#MSE] # LECTURE-01 : INDRODUCTION || MECHANICAL ||...

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PLEASE GO ON GIVEN LINK TO DOWNLOAD THE REQUIRED MATERIAL OF NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES (NPC BHAGALPUR): By- Er Ajit Sir

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(ii)NOTES OF VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR

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(A) PHYSICS CLASS 12TH SOLUTION

CHAPTER 1:SOLUTION OF CHAPTER-1: ELECTRIC CHARGE AND FIELD

CHAPTER 2 : SOLUTION OF CHAPTER-2 : ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

CHAPTER 3: SOLUTION OF CHAPTER-3: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

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Science, Engineering and Technology

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||Science, Engineering and Technology||

“What is science, Engineering and Technology??” It is one of the most important questions of the students whenever they just start to think about their career. Every students want to know the field in which they will do work after completing the education. So in this articles we will discuss about the science, Engineering and Technology.

Science

Science is the first word that is student want to understand under primary classes. Science is the special knowledge of anything. The systematic knowledge of anything is known as science. In other word we can say that science is the study of all natural world. There are so many phenomena happens in the world which is outstanding. Our mind always wants to understand this thing accurately. For example why, apple falls down on the earth, why not fly in the sky. We all know this problem gives knowledge of gravitation and gravitation force. This science word comes from Latin alphabet which means knowledge.

Engineering

As we know, the knowledge of universe, the knowledge of natural world is the science so it is set of all subject. Now other important and most curious question is “What is engineering??” After getting the knowledge of law of science, definitely it will be applied in human life to make easier otherwise there is no meaning of such knowledge. So on the basic of this concept engineering can be define as “The application of law of science to make human life easier is known as engineering”. To understand this terms simply we can say that engineering is just like the problems because when some problems come into picture then we will think about applied the know of law of science.
For example, if we have to design the engine, to make the fan, these are problems so it engineering. To solve this problems we have to apply the law of science.

Technology

Technology is the method or technique by which engineering problems are solved. An engineering problems can be solved by so many method or technique. So technology will always come whenever engineering comes. It can be changed time to time and modern technology will be appeared.

At last we can say that Engineering and Technology are incomplete without each other and both are the subset of the science.

Science, Engineering and Technology

MOMENT OF INERTIA

2020-02-24T22:06:00.001+05:30

MOMENT OF INERTIA :-

Moment of inertia(MOI) is also known as the rotational inertia.

Moment of inertia(MOI) may be due to the

(a) Mass and (b) Area

Selection of MOI depends upon our requirement in problems.

MOI of the plane area is purely mathematical term, It is one of the most important term of the properties of area.

Second moment of area is known as moment of inertia due to area.

MOI is the product of area of body and square of the distance between the axis and centroidal point.

MOI=I=Area x Square of distance

Unit of Moment of Inertia=m4

Moment of inertia(MOI) of some regular plane area:

Moment of inertia : Rectangle

Moment of Inertia:Circle

Moment of Inertia:Semi circle

WHAT IS PHYSICS

2020-02-24T20:41:00.000+05:30

WHAT IS PHYSICS :-

The physics is defined by so many physicist in own way, the one of the most suitable answer of this is given below:

The study of nature and its laws as well as phenomena in nature is called physics.

The application of physics is all about applied physics and engineering.We know that all the different events in nature take place according to some basic laws and these laws of nature from the observed events is physics. For example,

The orbiting of the moon around the earth

EARTH AND MOON

The falling of an apple from a tree

APPLE AT TREE

We can explain the full moon night if we know the Newton's law of gravitation and Newton's laws of motion. Physics is concerned with the basic rules which are applicable to all domains of life. Understanding of physics, therefore, leads to the applications in many known fields including bio and medical sciences department.

The great physicist "Dr R. P. Feynman" has been given a wonderful description of what is "understanding the nature". Suppose we do not know the basic rules of chess but are allowed to watch the moves of players. If we watch the game from a long time, then we may know some of the rules. With the knowledge of these rules we may try to the understand why a player played the particular move. However, this can be a very difficult task. Even if we know all this rules of chess, it is not simple to understand all the complications of a game in a given situation and the predict the correct move. Knowing the basic rules is, however, the minimum requirement if any progress is to be made.

One can guess at a wrong rule by partially watching the game. The experienced player may make use of a rule for the first time and the observer of the game may get surprised. Because of the new move some of the rules guessed at may prove to be wrong and the observer will frame new rules.

NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES

Hydrostatic Pressure on Inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.

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Hydrostatic Pressure on Inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.

What is the difference between the centre of gravity(COG) and the centre of mass(COM)

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What is the difference between the centre of gravity(COG) and the centre of mass(COM):-

The Centre of mass is the point at which whole mass of the body is assumed concentrated.In other word we can say that the distribution of mass will equal in all possible directions. The com is independent of gravitational field.

picture

The Centre of weight is the point at which whole weight of the body is assumed concentrated.In other word we can say that the distribution of weight will equal in all possible directions. The cog dependents upon gravitational field.

FM: UNIT-02: Hydrostatic pressure

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FM: UNIT-02: Hydrostatic pressure:

The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above.

Numerical

FM: UNIT-01: Properties of fluid

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FM: UNIT-01: Properties of fluid

STUDIOUS 35

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NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES: A place of shaping future of students.

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Physics syllabus for class 12 and 11

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Physics syllabus for class 11

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Before starting the preparation you should have complete knowledge of syllabus of that particular examination. If you are preparing for 12th board examination then here,you can download the syllabus for class 12th and 11th of Bihar board.

Physics syllabus-11TH-1

Physics syllabus 11th-2

Physics syllabus for class 12

Physics syllabus 12th-1

Physics syllabus 12th-2

Natural Physics Classes: NPC

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Natural Physics Classes: NPC

@@@NPC is started in Bhagalpur by Er. Ajit Kumar who has completed B.tech,M.tech from NIT Rourkela. Er. A.Kumar is working as assistant professor in Bhagalpur engineering college, Bhagalpur, bihar. This class is beneficial for the students who is prepared for medical and engineering along with 11th and 12th. The main aim of our class is focused on enhancing the basic level of physics to achieve success in IIT JEE and AIIMS.

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

"Natural Physics Classes" is started in Bhagalpur by Er. Ajit Kumar who has completed B.tech,M.tech from NIT Rourkela in 2017. Er. A.Kumar is currently working as assistant professor in Bhagalpur engineering college, bihar since 21 Aug 2017.

RESEARCH WORK

1. FLOW FIELD AND HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AXISYMMETRIC AIR AUGMENTED ROCKET.

2.Study of Pyrolytic Oil Production from Local Biomass (Final year Project)

3.Simulink Model of ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC SERVO ACTUATOR

TEACHING WORK

1.FLUID MECHANICS
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3.THERMODYNAMICS
4.THEORY OF MACHINE
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"NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES" is started in Bhagalpur by Er. Ajit Kumar who has completed B.tech,M.tech from NIT Rourkela. Er. A.Kumar is working as assistant professor in Bhagalpur engineering college, bihar. This class is beneficial for the students who is prepared for medical and engineering. The main aim of "NPC" is focused on the build up the basic understanding from zero level to IIT JEE level.The students who are in engineering semester or polytechnic semester can also benefited uder this classes.

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NATURAL PHYSICS CLASSES

VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR

SI unit of seven fundamental physical quantities

CLASS_11TH_PHYSICS : PHYSICAL WORLD_BY- Er Ajit Sir

MATERIALS SCIENCE || [#MSE] # LECTURE-01 : INDRODUCTION || MECHANICAL ||...

MECHANICS OF SOLID || [#MOS] # LECTURE-16 : STRAIN ENERGY #PART-1 || Er....

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Science, Engineering and Technology

Science

Engineering

Technology

MOMENT OF INERTIA

MOMENT OF INERTIA :-

Moment of inertia(MOI) of some regular plane area:

WHAT IS PHYSICS

WHAT IS PHYSICS :-

Hydrostatic Pressure on Inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.

Hydrostatic Pressure on Inclined plane surface submerged in liquid.

What is the difference between the centre of gravity(COG) and the centre of mass(COM)

FM: UNIT-02: Hydrostatic pressure

FM: UNIT-02: Hydrostatic pressure:

FM: UNIT-01: Properties of fluid

FM: UNIT-01: Properties of fluid

STUDIOUS 35

Physics syllabus for class 12 and 11

Physics syllabus for class 11

BSEB

Physics syllabus for class 12

Natural Physics Classes: NPC

Natural Physics Classes: NPC

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INTRODUCTION

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