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DCP type fire extinguisher

2020-07-01T10:16:00.006-07:00

DCP type fire extinguisher

[we can easily study about DCP type fire extinguisher by this post]

Introduction –

DCP - Dry chemical powder

Fire extinguisher is a potable first- aid fire fighting equipment that help to extinguish the fire initial stage (short type of fire) to avoid big fire accidents. DCP type fire extinguisher have much use for multipurpose than others in the India also others countries. It also known as ABC type fire extinguisher.

Read to topic with some more information.

water type fire extinguisher

Co2 type fire extinguisher.

Foam type fire extinguisher

Definition -

This type of fire extinguisher contain dry chemical powder for extinguish the fire for that it call powder type fire extinguisher.

classification of DCP type fire extinguisher -

co2 cartridge type

Stored pressure type

Color -

This type of extinguisher color coded by blue with red.

Carbon dioxide (co2) cartridge type extinguisher

This type of extinguisher available most of industrial area also it has use domestically.

It contains cartridge for that it call cartridge type extinguisher.

Agents and gas –

Typically DCP type fire extinguisher contains extinguishing agent sodium bicarbonate (97%) magnesium separate (1%), magnesium carbonate (1.5%) calcium phosphate (1/2%) (Color – white & blue) and co2 action like expelled for agents.

ABC type extinguisher contains mixture of mono ammonium phosphate (color – pale yellow) & ammonium sulfate (40% -60% / 60% - 40% depend on standard.) for that it call tri class extinguishing agents.

Parts of extinguisher –

Extinguisher have 2 sections

Main body and cap assembly

Main body – steel cylinder, cartridge, siphon tube, strainer, discharge tube, nozzle, carrying handle.

Cap assembly - safety clips, vent hole, inner hole, safety pin, nick ring, plunger/ operating lever, spring pin system.

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder- contain for extinguishing agent dry chemical powder (sodium bicarbonate)

• Gun metal cap – it help to tightly screw hole of cylinder and hold other parts.

• Nick ring – it help to properly fix the screw cap.

• Cartridge – contain compress co2 gas.

• Plunger /operating lever- that help trigger the extinguisher.

• Spring pin system – it help to puncher co2 cartridge.

• Safety vent hole – help to release extra pressure of cylinder before the cap taken off during blockage cylinder or unnecessary charge.

• Inner hole – it help to spared co2 gas on the cylinder from cartridge.

• Safety pin - it help to lock the trigger.

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up extinguishing agents to discharge tube.

• Strainer – it help to filter the powder.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out powder.

• Nozzle - it help spread the water on the fire like rain.

Assemble of parts -

• DCP type fire extinguisher has a 1.6 mm thick steel cylinder and cylinder fill by powder according of measurement mark.

• Gun metal cap proper fix by nick ring top the cylinder.

• The plunger/ operation lever joint on cap that move through the cap.

• A safety pin attach with plunger.

• Safety vent hole fix beside the plunger neck position of cap.

• Inner hole fix beside the cartridge in side of cap.

• A spring pin system attach with plunger/ operating lever.

• Co2 cartridge hold on cartridge holder just under spring pin system in the cap.

• Siphon tube fix bottom of cylinder and connect to discharge tube.

• Discharge tube attaches with cylinder body (plunger type) or attach with cap assembly (operating lever type).

• A nozzle attach with end point of discharge tube.

Technique of work-

During the fire first hard press on the plunger/operating lever, then spring pin break the seal of cartridge to release co2 empty space of over the water and create pressure(6 – 7kg/cm2) to the powder , the pressurize powder pump up by siphon tube to throw (about 18 feet) out through discharge tube to center of fire.

Operating methods –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Strongly punch on the plunger/operating lever to break the seal of co2 cartridge.

• Hold the discharge tube to aim the fire and sweep on the fire.

• If the fire extinguish before finish of cylinder then upside down the cylinder to save the powder.

Maintenance -

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency.

• DCP type fire extinguisher is one time use by one time refilling.

• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body

• Check it properly every parts interval every 3 month

• Must be check the weight of co2 cartridge, if it loss of 10% of weight so it not for use.

• All movable parts must be check for to maintain proper movement

• Properly clean up inside of cylinder and check about rust.

• Must be check the powder, if the powder gets small shape then take it sunlight and proper strainer then fill it again.

• Check the siphon tube and discharge tube to maintain proper working condition.

• Every one year it must be refilling even it not charge.

• Every 2 year it must be hydraulic test by 25 kg/cm2.

This type of extinguisher refilling easy process

• Open the cylinder and remove used cartridge and fix the new co2 cartridge in holder.

• Fulfill the good quality powder according particular measurements mark of cylinder.

Stored pressure type water extinguisher

DCP types fire extinguisher are new and very advance that use every industrial site in present type. Water type stored pressure extinguisher is replacement of other type of water extinguisher.

Expended gas and extinguishing agents place in same container for that it call stored pressure type extinguisher.

Gas and agents -

This type of extinguisher use compress air / nitrogen for create pressure and extinguishing agents are sodium bicarbonate, mono ammonium & ammonium sulfate.

Parts of extinguisher -

This type of extinguisher has 2 sections

Main body and cap assembly

Main body- steel cylinder, siphon tube, strainer.

Cap assembly- safety pin, operating lever , spring valve, carrying handle ,pressure gauge , non return valve (NRV), discharge tube, nozzle,

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder – it contain water and expelled gas is nitrogen / compress air

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up the powder

• Strainer - it help to filter the water before enter to siphon tube.

• Operating lever – it help to trigger the extinguisher

• Spring valve – it control by operating lever to open the valve & start the flow out.

• Handle - it help to carry the extinguisher and also help to operate the lever.

• Pressure gauge – it help to show the cylinder internal pressure.

• Non return valve – it help to stop return of compress gas / air from cylinder.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out the extinguishing agent (dry chemical powder).

• Nozzle – it help to spread the agents (powder) to the fire.

Assembly of parts –

• This type of extinguisher have 1.6 mm cylinder that contain powder measurement mark of cylinder and remain space fill by nitrogen / compress gas.

• Cap assembly tightly screw top of the cylinder ant hold other parts for that it call cap assembly.

• Operating liver fix on the cap with carrying handle.

• Safety pin attach with leaver.

• Spring valve fix between siphon tube and discharge tube that that attach with operating lever inside of cap.

• Pressure gauge attach beside the discharge tube on the cap.

• Siphon tube fix bottom form cylinder to connect with discharge tube.

• Nozzle joint with discharge tube.

Working technique –

During the fire first hard press to lever that open the spring valve and extinguishing agent(water) throw out(distance 18 feet) through discharge tube and nozzle( jet pressure 7kg/cm2), because already the agent(powder) pressurized due to stored nitrogen /compress air pressure in same container.

Operating method –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand

(Check the pressure gauge should be 10.5kg green for working condition)

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Strongly press on the operating.

• Hold the discharge tube to aim the fire and sweep on the fire.

• If fire is control before finish cylinder then free the lever to stop it because it not for one time use like cartridge type by one time refilling .

Maintenance –

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency, but this type of extinguisher openly maintenance and refilling occur only on manufacturer.

Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body.

Every 3/6 month need to it internal inspection by professional.

Check the discharge tube and maintain too easy to work.

Need hydraulic test 25 kg/cm2 every 3 year for 6 minutes.

Extinguishing method –

powder type extinguisher extinguish the fire through smothering method and bra the chain reaction ion system.

Smothering – the powder create a cover on the fire to stop flow of breathing air of fire (o2)

Break the chain reaction – the powder prevent chemical reaction involving o2, heat, fuel. Break down free radicals of fuel that highly reactive molecules react with o2 during combustion.

Size –

potable – 1kg, 2 kg, 5kg, 10 kg,

Mobil – 22.5 kg, 50 kg, 75 kg , 150 kg ,200kg,

Application -

This type of extinguisher specially use for A, B, C class fire but also can be use for E class and k class fire.

Extinguisher safety -

• Do not place the extinguisher any hot area.

• During use of cartridge type extinguisher be aware because it can be blast due to fault.

• Extinguisher should be proper maintaining.

• During charge of DCP type fire extinguisher should be tightly hold discharge tube, because it can hit due to pressure.

thank you my dear safety friends

Carbon dioxide (Co2) fire extinguisher

2020-07-01T07:22:00.010-07:00

Carbon dioxide (Co2) fire extinguisher

[we can easily study about Carbon dioxide (Co2) fire extinguisher by this post]

Introduction-

Fire extinguisher is a potable first- aid fire fighting equipment that help to extinguish initiation of fire (short type of fire) to avoid big fire accidents. Carbon dioxide ( co2 ) can play great role to extinguish fire for that invented carbon dioxide ( co2 ) fire extinguisher to quickly deal with shot type fire. This gas type of extinguisher very advance & easy to operate than others, also it does not damage the properties.

Water type fire extinguisher

Foam type fire extinguisher

DCP type extinguisher

Definition of carbon dioxide (co2) fire extinguisher-

This type of extinguisher contains only carbon dioxide ( co2 ) gas inside of cylinder to quickly extinguish the fire for that it call co2 type extinguisher.

Color -

This type of extinguisher black panel with red above the operating instruction.

Gas & agents –

This type of extinguisher have no powder, water it only contain compress co2 gas that work extinguishing agent and also act like expelled.

Parts of extinguisher –

Extinguisher have 2 sections -

Main body and cap assembly

Main body- Steel cylinder, siphon tube, handle.

Cap assembly- operating lever, spring valve, safety pin, safety valve , discharge tube , horn shape nozzle.

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder – It contain compress carbon dioxide( co2 ) gas inside.

• Siphon tube - It help pump up gas to discharge tube.

• Handle– it helps to easily carry and hang on wall by hanging handle of extinguisher.

• Lever - leaver help to trigger the extinguisher in case of fire.

• Spring valve – it help to open the way pass out of extinguishing agents.

• Safety pin – it help to lock the operating lever because it safe the extinguisher unnecessary charge.

• Safety valve - it help to release the extra pressure during hot atmospheric condition.

• Nozzle – this type of extinguisher contain some different shape nozzle it call horn shape nozzle. This different design applies on it for special purpose.

Every gas light weight than liquid for that have a chance gas to mix the air before extinguish and cannot create jet shower on the fire by simple nozzle during charge, for that horn shape nozzle avoid mix with air and make widely throw out extinguishing agent ( co2 ) on the fire.

Assembly of parts –

• This type of extinguisher contain 1.7mm cylinder that hold compress ( 50 – 60 bar ) co2 as liquid form 75% and gas form 25% of total capacity.

• Cap tightly screw on the cylinder and contain other parts on it for that it call cap assembly.

• Operating lever fix on the cap

• A safety pin attach in the operating lever .

• Spring valve fix just under the operating lever inside of cap.

• Discharge tube length depend on capacity ( 2 meter tube of 9kg capacity ) that attach with cap that connect with siphon tube.

• Safety valve fix opposite side of discharge tube on the cap.

• Carrying handle fix on the cap.

• A siphon tube fix bottom from of cylinder to connect with discharge tube.

• Horn shape nozzle attach with discharge tube with handle.

Working technique of carbon dioxide ( co2 ) fire extinguisher-

Case of fire hard press on the operating lever that open the spring valve in side of cap then pressurized co2 gas throw out through discharge tube and jet shower

(Throwing distance to fire from cylinder( 3 - 5 feet) on fire by horn shape nozzle.

Extinguishing method –

co2 extinguisher extinguish the fire 2 method

Smothering- co2 has 90% smothering effect. Normally lot of oxygen ( o2 ) available on fire place for that co2 remove the oxygen (o2 ) to stop the breathing air of fire.

Cooling - compress Carbon dioxide ( co2 ) is very cool for that it has 10% cooling effect.

Size -

potable – 2 kg , 4.5 kg , 6.5 kg .

Mobile - 9 kg , 22.5 kg .

Discharge time –

This type of extinguisher full discharge duration minimum 20 – 24 & maximum 25 - 30 sec.

Operating method –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand.

• Take proper physically safe position as close of the fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Only hold the carrying handle by one hand.

• Strongly press on the operating leaver.

• Hold the only discharge tube handle by another hand to aim the fire and sweep on the fire.

• If fire is control before finish cylinder then free the lever to stop it because it not for one time use like cartridge type by one time refilling .

Maintenance -

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency. co2 extinguisher must be proper maintain by these -

• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body.

• Check the extinguisher weight by gross weight and empty weight if it has loss 10% of weight of total weight so it should send for refilling to manufacture.

• Every 3/6 month need to it internal inspection by professional/ manufacture.

• Check the discharge tube and maintain too easy to work.

• Refilling pressure 50 – 60 bar but it refill by only manufacture.

• Need hydraulic pressure test (235 – 250 bar ) every 5 year for the extinguisher.

Labeling –

Every extinguisher must be have a level on body to indicate

• the name of manufacture .

• Capacity of extinguisher .

• Manufacture year .

• Operating method .

• Which class for use .

Application -

Carbon dioxide( co2 ) extinguisher specially apply for electrical / E class fire and fire on sensitive equipment because it does not damage the property. It can be use also on A class , b class, k class short type fire.

Advantage of co2 extinguisher -

• This type of extinguisher very easy to use.

• It use especially E class fire but it also be use for A class, B class, C class, k class short type fire.

• It does not damage the property for that it always demanded.

• It can be use much time by one time rifling.

Disadvantage of co2 extinguisher –

• It expensive than others extinguisher.

• It not use from long distance from fire 3 -6 feet.

Safety rule of extinguisher –

• Do not keep it warm area.

• Use hand gloves for operate it because it create chance cold burn.

• Strongly hold discharge tube to avoid hit by it.

• Properly lift it.

• Not use for metallic fire.

• Take proper body position to avoid fall down due to back force during operated carbon dioxide (co2) fire extinguisher .

THANK YOU MY DEAR SAFETY FRIEND

Foam type fire extinguisher

2020-07-01T06:15:00.004-07:00

Foam type fire extinguisher

[we can easily study about foam type fire extinguisher]

Introduction –

Fire extinguisher is a potable first- aid fire fighting equipment that help to extinguish the fire initial stage (short type of fire) to avoid big fire accidents. foam can play big role to extinguish the fire for that invented foam type fire extinguisher it can be also call upgraded version of water type extinguisher, that quickly deal with flammable liquid fire on oil industrial work site.

water type fire extinguisher

Co2 type fire extinguisher.

DCP type extinguisher

Definition of foam type fire extinguisher –

This type of extinguisher contains foam solution to extinguish the fire for that call foam extinguisher.

Color –

This type of extinguisher cream color band with red.

This type of foam type extinguisher has 2 types- Chemical foam extinguisher

Mechanical foam extinguisher

Chemical foam type fire extinguisher

This type of extinguisher was using old time but it no available in present for use. It contains chemical solution to make the foam for extinguish the fire for that it call chemical foam extinguisher.

Agents and chemicals –

Extinguishing agents is foam water with. It contain sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and aluminium sulfate [AL2 (SO4)3] to make expelled gas and foam solution.

Reaction -

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) mix with fresh water to create soda water solution and aluminium sulfate[AL2(SO4)3] mix with soda water solution to create carbon dioxide (co2), aluminium hydro oxide AL(OH)3 and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) combine produce foam solution that solution contact with air to create foam.

6 NaHO3 +AL2 (SO4)3 = 3 Na2SO4+ 2 AL (OH) 3+6 CO2

Parts of extinguisher -

Extinguisher have 2 sections

Main body

Cap assembly

Main body – steel cylinder, carrying handle, discharge nozzle, foam making branch (FMB), alkaline indicator.

Cap assembly – gun metal cap, T handle, safety pin, sealing cap, inner container,

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder - it contain soda water solution.

• Gun metal cap – it tightly screws on the cylinder and hold other parts on it.

• T handle – it act like operating liver.

• Safety pin – it lock the T handle from unnecessary charge.

• Sealing cap – it tightly cover on hole of the inner container.

• Inner container – it contain aluminium sulfate AL2 (SO4)3.

• Discharge nozzle- it helps to throw out (6-7kg/cm2) the agents to long (20- 25 feet) distance.

• foam making branch (FMB)– it is a special and important part of the foam extinguisher that help to consume air from outside for mix with solution before exit of agent this process is call venture.

• Alkaline indicator – it help to indicated instant alkaline level.

Assemble of parts –

• It contain 1.6 mm steel cylinder that fill by soda sodium bicarbonate (8%) (NaHCO3) water solution at measurement mark of cylinder capacity.

• Gun metal cap fix on the cylinder.

• T handle attach on cap that easily movement through center of cap.

• Safety pin – attach with T handle.

• Sealing cap fix on hole of inner container that attach with T handle.

• Inner container fix container holder inside of cap fills by aluminium sulfate (12%) AL2 (SO4)3 as per capacity.

• Discharge nozzle fix on cylinder top position.

• Foam making branch (FMB) manually attach just before charge.

• Carrying handle fix on the cylinder.

• Alkaline indicator fix out wall of cylinder beside of cap assembly.

Work technique -

Case of fire first pull up the T handle to remove sealing cap of inner container then aluminium sulfate mix with soda water solution to create expelled co2 gas and foam solution , that contact by air inside of foam making branch to convert solution as foam before throw out.

Operating method -

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand.

• Shakes it (3-4 times) for gently mix soda water solution.

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Attach the FMB with nozzle.

• Then pull up the T handle.

• Then it turned upside down for mix to all chemical solution properly.

• Then aim jet foam to fire for extinguish.

Size -

Potable –5 kg, 9 kg.

Mobile - 22 kg, 50 kg, 150 kg.

Mechanical foam fire extinguisher

This type of extinguisher upgrade version of chemical foam extinguisher. It have highly use mainly on oil industrial site in present time. It contains mechanical foam solution to extinguish the fire for that it call mechanical foam type extinguisher.

Chemical, gas and agents-

It contain aqueous film forming foam (AFFF ) chemical solution and protein stabilizer with water act like extinguishing agents. It has co2 gas cartridge for expelled.

Reaction –

Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) is a foam compound that mix with water create foam solution and the protein stabilizer mix with foam solution that avoid puncher of the foam bubbles due to heat (stabilize the bubbles ) before extinguish.

Parts of extinguisher –

Extinguisher have 2 sections -

Main body and cap assembly

Main body – steel cylinder, siphon tube, strainer, discharge tube, foam Making branch (FMB), carrying handle.

Cap assembly – gun metal cap, plunger/ operating leaver, nick ring, spring pin system, safety pin, vent hole, inner hole, and co2 cartridge.

Function of parts -

• Steel cylinder – it contain foam water solution

Inside of cylinder.

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up the solution to discharge tube.

• Strainer – it help to filter the solution.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out the agent.

• Foam making branch(FMB)– it is a special and important part of the foam extinguisher that help to consume air from outside for mix with solution before exit of agent this process is call venture.

• Handle – it help to carry and hang on stand of extinguisher.

• Gunmetal cap – it tightly screws on cylinder and hold other parts for that it calls cap assembly.

• Plunger / operating lever – it help to trigger the extinguisher case of fire.

• Nick ring – it help to properly settle of cap on cylinder.

• Spring pin system – it help to puncher to seal of co2 cartridge.

• Cartridge – the inner cartridge contain co2 as capacity.

• Safety pin – it help to lock the plunger /operating lever from unnecessary charge.

• Vent hole – it help to release extra pressure from cylinder.

• Inner hole – it help to spread the co2 inside cylinder after break the seal of cartridge.

Assembly of parts -

• This type of extinguisher contain 1.6 mm steel cylinder that fill by water, Aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) compound(3%-5% according of capacity) & protein stabilizer solution according measurement mark.

• Gunmetal cap fix on cylinder that tightly screw by nick ring.

• Plunger / operating lever attach on cap that easily move through center of cap.

• Spring pin system just fix under the plungers /operating leaver.

• Co2 cartridge hold in side of the cap that screw anti clock wise. (Capacity depends on cylinder size).

• Plunger types have cylinder contains discharge tube on main body but operating leaver types have discharge tube on cap assembly.

• Foam making branch (FMB) attach end position of discharge tube.

• Siphon tube fix from bottom cylinder to connect with discharge tube, and a strainer attach with it inside of cylinder.

• Vent hole present on cap nick and inner hole present inside of cap.

Size -

Potable –5 kg, 9 kg.

Mobile - 22 kg, 50 kg, 150 kg.

Work technique –

Case of fire first hard press on plunger / operating lever to break the seal of co2 cartridge , co2 spread through inner hole to inside of cylinder , co2 create pressure(6-7 kg/cm2) over the solution for that pressurized solution pump up by siphon tube to discharge tube, then FMB consume air from outside to mix with solution for make foam before exit.( Jet foam range 20 – 25 feet)

Operating methods –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand

• Shake the cylinder 3 to 4 times for properly mix all solution before charge.

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Strongly punch on the plunger/operating lever to break the seal of co2 cartridge.

• Hold the discharge tube not to aim direct on the fire , the jet aim to any wall around of fire for that the foam snidely cover the whole fire & extinguish.

Maintains of extinguisher –

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency.

• This type of extinguisher is one time use by one time refilling.

• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body

• Check it properly every parts interval every 3 month

• Must be check the weight of co2 cartridge, if it loss of 10% of weight so it not for use.

• All movable parts must be check for to maintain proper movement

• Properly clean up inside of cylinder and check about rust of metal cylinder due to water.

• Check the siphon tube and discharge tube to maintain proper working condition.

• Every 1 year it must be refilling even it not charge.

• Every 4 year it must be hydraulic test by 26 kg/cm2 for 5 minute.

This type of extinguisher refilling easy process

o Open the cylinder and remove used cartridge and fix the new co2 cartridge in holder.

o Fulfil the fresh water, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) compound (3%-5% according of capacity) & protein stabilizer solution according particular measurements mark of cylinder.

[Foam type fire extinguisher also available as stored pressure type]

Extinguishing method -

foam type fire extinguisher extinguish the fire by 2 method. Smothering and cooling

Smothering – This type of extinguisher use 90% smothering method, foam cover the whole fire to stop flow of o2.

Cooling - This type of extinguisher use 10% cooling method due to water.

Application –

This type of extinguisher specially use for flammable liquid fire/B class fire (diesel, petrol, kerosene). It also use for ordinary fire/a class fire.

Extinguisher Safety-

• Do not place the extinguisher any hot area.

• During use of cartridge type extinguisher be Aware because it can be blast due to fault.

• Extinguisher should be proper maintaining.

• During charge of Foam type fire extinguisher should be tightly hold discharge tube, because it can hit due to pressure.

Water type fire extinguishers

2020-07-01T01:55:00.005-07:00

Water type fire extinguishers

[ we can easily study about water type fire extinguisher by this post]

Introduction –

fire extinguisher is a potable first- aid fire fighting equipment that help to extinguish initiation of fire (short type of fire) to avoid big fire accidents. Water is a first & very common extinguishing agent for fire, for that water type fire extinguisher first invented in the world to deal with shot fire.

Co2 type fire extinguisher.

Foam type fire extinguisher

DCP type extinguisher

Wet chemical & halon type extinguisher

Definition water type extinguisher –

Contain water in side of cylinder to extinguish the fire for that it call water type fire extinguisher.

Color - This type of extinguisher color in single red.

classification of water type fire extinguisher -

Soda acid type

CO2 cartridge type

Stored pressure type

Soda acid water type fire extinguisher

Soda acid type first invented extinguisher in the world but it not use in present time. Contain soda and acid in side of cylinder that help to extinguish the fire for that it call soda acid extinguisher.

Every extinguisher need strong internal pressure to throw out the agent through the discharge tube to the center of fire for extinguishes.

Chemicals and agent –

This type of extinguisher contains two chemicals are sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Extinguishing agents is water

Reaction –

Sodium bicarbonate has mix with water to create a solution then combine the sulfuric acid with the soda water solution to create co2 gas.

Parts of extinguisher –

extinguisher have 2 sections -

Main body and cap assembly

Main body -

Steel cylinder, discharge tube, hanging handles / stand/carrying handle, alkaline indicator.

Cap assembly-

Gun mental top cap, plunger, spring pin system, metal barricade, atmospheric valve, nick ring, acid container (blab), and acid container holding cage.

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder – for contain soda water solution.

• Gun metal cap – for tightly cover open hole of cylinder and hold other parts for that it call cap assembly.

• Plunger - for trigger the extinguisher

• Spring pin system – It help to puncher the acid bottle.

• Vent whole - It helps to release the excessive pressure.

• Nick ring – it help to properly fix cap

• Handle and stand –it role as stand and carrying handle of extinguisher & also protect the plunger.

• Acid container – contain sulfuric acid.

• Holder cage – it is a cage to hole the acid container

• Indicator - it help to indicate alkaline level...

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out extinguishing agents.

• Nozzle - it help to widely spared extinguishing agents.

Assemble of parts –

• Soda acid type extinguisher have a 1.6 mm thick steel container , the cylinder fill by water according of measurement mark ,and soda has mix with water to create a solution inside.

• Gunmetal cap tightly fix top the cylinder.

• A nick ring attach on cap screw.

• Plunger jointed on the cap that easily moves through the cap.

• Atmospheric whole present beside the nick on the cap.

• A spring pin system attach with plunger inside of the cap.

• A thin glass acid bottle contain H2SO4 fix just under the spring pin system.

• A holding cage holds the acid bottle inside.

• Discharge tube attach with cylinder.

• Discharge tube opens with nozzle.

• An alkaline level indicator attach out wall of cylinder.

• A steel handle / stand fix out wall of cylinder.

Technique of work –

During fire charge to extinguisher first have hard punch on the plunger to puncher glass container then turn up side down and H2SO4 release to combine with soda water mixture and create CO2 gas on empty space over the water in cylinder, for that CO2 gas create high pressure to the water in side of cylinder, the pressurized water throw out by discharge tube to centRE of fire.

Operating method –

First take it from the wall.

Then take proper fire fighting position beside the fire.

Then hard punch on plunger and turn upside down the cylinder

Then hold the discharge tube to the fire.

And sweep on fire.

CO2 cartridge water type fire extinguisher

This type of extinguisher have use most of work area. It upgrade version of soda acid extinguisher, it contain cartridge to store co2 for that it call cartridge type.

Gas and agent-

This type of extinguisher not contain chemicals it contains only ‘co2 gas’ cartridge for create pressure inside and extinguishing agent is ‘water’.

Parts of extinguisher –

Extinguisher have 2 sections

Main body and cap assembly

Main body – steel cylinder, cartridge, siphon tube, strainer, discharge tube, nozzle, carrying handle.

Cap assembly - safety clips, vent hole, inner hole, safety pin, nick ring, plunger/ operating lever, spring pin system.

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder- contain extinguishing agent water

• Gun metal cap – it help to tightly screw hole of cylinder and hold other parts.

• Nick ring – it help to properly fix the screw cap.

• Cartridge – contain compress co2 gas.

• Plunger /operating lever- that help trigger the extinguisher.

• Spring pin system – it help to puncher co2 cartridge.

• Safety vent hole – help to release extra pressure of cylinder before the cap taken off during blockage cylinder or unnecessary charge.

• Inner hole – it help to spared co2 gas on the cylinder from cartridge.

• Safety pin - it help to lock the trigger.

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up extinguishing agents to discharge tube.

• Strainer – it help to filter the water.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out water.

• Nozzle - it help spread the water on the fire like rain.

Assemble of parts -

• This type of extinguisher has a 1.6 mm thick steel cylinder and cylinder fill by water according of measurement mark.

• Gun metal cap proper fix by nick ring top the cylinder.

• The plunger/ operation lever joint on cap that move through the cap.

• A safety pin attach with plunger.

• Safety vent hole fix beside the plunger neck position of cap.

• Inner hole fix beside the cartridge in side of cap.

• A spring pin system attach with plunger/ operating lever.

• Co2 cartridge hold on cartridge holder just under spring pin system in the cap.

• Siphon tube fix bottom of cylinder and connect to discharge tube.

• Discharge tube attaches with cylinder body (plunger type) or attach with cap assembly (operating lever type).

• A nozzle attach with end point of discharge tube.

Technique of work-

During the fire first hard press on the plunger/operating lever, then spring pin break the seal of cartridge to release co2 empty space of over the water and create pressure(6 – 7kg/cm2) to the water , the pressurize water pump up by siphon tube to throw (about 20 feet) out through discharge tube to center of fire.

Operating methods –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Strongly punch on the plunger/operating lever to break the seal of co2 cartridge.

• Hold the discharge tube to aim the fire and sweep on the fire.

Size -

potable 9 kg

Mobile – 50 kg, 100 kg, 150 kg.

Maintenance -

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency.

• This type of extinguisher is one time use by one time refilling.

• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body

• Check it properly every parts interval every 3 month

• Must be check the weight of co2 cartridge, if it loss of 10% of weight so it not for use.

• All movable parts must be check for to maintain proper movement

• Properly clean up inside of cylinder and check about rust of metal cylinder due to water.

• Check the siphon tube and discharge tube to maintain proper working condition.

• Every one year it must be refilling even it not charge.

• Every 2 year it must be hydraulic test by 26 kg/cm2.

This type of extinguisher refilling easy process

• Open the cylinder and remove used cartridge and fix the new co2 cartridge in holder.

• Fulfill the fresh water according particular measurements mark of cylinder.

Stored pressure type water extinguisher

These types of extinguisher are new and very advance that use every industrial site in present type. Water type stored pressure extinguisher is replacement of other type of water extinguisher.

Expended gas and extinguishing agents place in same container for that it ca; stored pressure type extinguisher.

Gas and agents -

This type of extinguisher use compress air / nitrogen for create pressure and extinguishing agents is water.

Parts of extinguisher -

This type of extinguisher has 2 sections

Main body and cap assembly

Main body- steel cylinder, siphon tube, strainer.

Cap assembly- safety pin, operating lever , spring valve, carrying handle ,pressure gauge , non return valve (NRV), discharge tube, nozzle,

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder – it contain water and expelled gas is nitrogen / compress air

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up the water

• Strainer - it help to filter the water before enter to siphon tube.

• Operating lever – it help to trigger the extinguisher

• Spring valve – it control by operating lever to open the valve & start the flow out.

• Handle - it help to carry the extinguisher and also help to operate the lever.

• Pressure gaze – it help to show the cylinder internal pressure.

• Non return valve – it help to stop return of compress gas / air from cylinder.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out the extinguishing agent (water).

• Nozzle – it help to spread the agents (water) to the fire.

Assembly of parts –

• This type of extinguisher have 1.6 mm cylinder that contain water measurement mark of cylinder and remain space fill by nitrogen / compress gas.

• Cap assembly tightly screw top of the cylinder ant hold other parts for that it call cap assembly.

• Operating liver fix on the cap with carrying handle.

• Safety pin attach with leaver.

• Spring valve fix between siphon tube and discharge tube that that attach with operating lever inside of cap.

• Pressure gauge attach beside the discharge tube on the cap.

• Siphon tube fix bottom form cylinder to connect with discharge tube.

• Nozzle joint with discharge tube.

Working technique –

During the fire first hard press to lever that open the spring valve and extinguishing agent(water) throw out(distance feet) through discharge tube and nozzle( jet pressure 7kg/cm2), because already the agent( water) pressurized due to stored nitrogen /compress air pressure in same container.

Size -

potable -9 kg

Mobil - 50 kg and 150 kg

Operating method –

• First take it to fire site from wall/extinguisher stand

(Check the pressure gauge should be 10.5kg green for working condition)

• Take proper physically safe position near of fire according of wind direction.

• Remove the safety clip/pin.

• Strongly press on the operating.

• Hold the discharge tube to aim the fire and sweep on the fire.

• If fire is control before finish cylinder then free the lever to stop it because it not for one time use like cartridge type by one time refilling .

Maintenance –

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency, but this type of extinguisher openly maintenance and refilling occur only on manufacturer.

Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body.

Every 3/6 month need to it internal inspection by professional.

Check the discharge tube and maintain too easy to work.

Need hydraulic test 25 kg/cm2 every 3 year for 6 minutes.

Extinguishing method –

Water type fire extinguisher extinguish the fire through cooling method by reduce the heat.

Application –

water type fire extinguisher specially use for ordinary fire/ a class fire but it can be use b and c type fire but shot type fire.

Extinguisher Safety-

• Do not place the extinguisher any hot area.

• During use of cartridge type extinguisher be aware because it can be blast due to fault.

• Extinguisher should be proper maintaining.

• During charge of water type fire extinguisher should be tightly hold discharge tube, because it can hit due to pressure.

THANK YOU MY DEAR SAFETY FRIEND

Types of Fire extinguishers

2020-06-30T23:11:00.009-07:00

Types of Fire extinguishers
[we can easily understand about types of extinguisher by this post]

Introduction-

Fire is a form of energy that very helpful for the earth but other side it is a destroyer. Fire accidents increasing every year in industrial and domestic area that also reason of fire injury for that invented different types of fire extinguishers to fight against insisted fire (short type fire), it is one of the best inventions of fire system. It highly helpful for control short (initiation of fire) type of fire and prevent big fire accidents. It easy to operate & carry due to light weight & small size. Large size also available & carry through trolley, motor vehicle.

↓↓

Read to topic with some more information.

water type fire extinguisher

Co2 type fire extinguisher.

Foam type fire extinguisher

DCP type extinguisher

Wet chemical & halon type extinguisher

Definition-

Extinguisher is known as first aid fire fighting device. Fire extinguisher is a cylindrical fire fighting device that can only control short type of fire event of any emergency in place.
It also known as chemical & first aid fire fighting device.

Types of fire extinguishers -

  Extinguisher available in different types, only one type of extinguisher cannot be extinguish every type of fire because different types of fire have separate extinguishing agents, that the reason of categorized it.

According of device system has two types of Fire extinguishers –

Stored pressure type

Cartridge operated type

  Store pressure types extinguisher

   Stored pressure type extinguisher is an advance model that very easy to use for that it has much use at several industrial buildings area in present time.
Definition -

This types of fire extinguishers contain extinguishing agent and expelled media (pressure create media) store in same container at a time and there have no reaction between each other in side of cylinder, it stored the pressure same container for that it call stored pressure extinguisher.

Gas and agents –

This type of fire extinguisher contains pressurized nitrogen (N2) and compress air for expelled extinguishing agent.

It contains agents according type of extinguisher.

Parts of extinguisher -

This type of extinguisher has 2 sections

        Main body

Cap assembly
Main body- steel cylinder, siphon tube, strainer,

Cap assembly- safety pin, operating lever , spring valve, carrying handle ,pressure gauge , non return valve (NRV), discharge tube, nozzle,

Function of parts –

•       Steel cylinder – it contain water and expelled gas is nitrogen / compress air

•       Siphon tube – it help to pump up the water

•       Strainer - it help to filter the water before enter to siphon tube.

•       Operating lever – it help to trigger the extinguisher

•       Spring valve – it control by operating lever to open the valve & start the flow out.

•       Handle - it help to carry the extinguisher and also help to operate the lever.

•       Pressure gauge – it help to show the cylinder internal pressure.

•       Non return valve – it help to stop return of compress gas / air from cylinder.

•       Discharge tube – it help to throw out the extinguishing agent.

•       Nozzle – it help to spread the agents (water) to the fire.

Assembly of parts –

•       This types of fire extinguishers have 1.6 mm cylinder that contain (agent) measurement mark of cylinder and remain space fill by nitrogen (N2) / compress air.

•       Cap assembly tightly screw top of the cylinder ant hold other parts for that it call cap assembly.

•       Operating liver fix on the cap with carrying handle.

•       Safety pin attach with leaver.

•       Spring valve fix between siphon tube and discharge tube that that attach with operating lever inside of cap.

•       Pressure gauge attach beside the discharge tube on the cap.

•       Siphon tube fix bottom form cylinder to connect with discharge tube.

•       Nozzle joint with discharge tube.

Work technique -

This type of fire extinguishers has already the agent pressurized by nitrogen (N2). During the fire first hard press to lever that open the spring valve and extinguishing agent throw out (distance 18 feet) through discharge tube and nozzle (jet pressure 7kg/cm2).
Maintenance –

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency, but this type of fire extinguishers openly maintenance and refilling occur only on manufacturer.

Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body.

Every 3/6 month need to it internal inspection by professional.

Check the discharge tube and maintain too easy to work.

Need hydraulic test 25 kg/cm2 every 3 year for 6 minutes.

  Advantage - This type of extinguisher easy to use.

                It can be use multi time by one time refilling.
Disadvantage - It some expensive.

It has refilling by only manufacturer.

We cannot maintenance it internally only by manufacturer.



Cartridge operated type
This types of fire extinguishers is old model but it also use in present time by modified operation lever. It has available most of industrial and domestic area.

Definition –

This type of extinguisher contain cartridge that fill by compress carbon dioxide (co2), for that it call cartridge type extinguisher.

Gas & agents –

This type of extinguisher co2 contain for expelled the extinguishing agents. And agents depend on type of extinguisher.

Parts of extinguisher – Extinguisher have 2 sections

Main body and cap assembly

Main body – steel cylinder, cartridge, siphon tube, strainer, discharge tube, nozzle, carrying handle.

Cap assembly - safety clips, vent hole, inner hole, safety pin, nick ring, plunger/ operating lever, spring pin system.

Function of parts –

• Steel cylinder- contain extinguishing agent water

• Gun metal cap – it help to tightly screw hole of cylinder and hold other parts.

• Nick ring – it help to properly fix the screw cap.

• Cartridge – contain compress co2 gas.

• Plunger /operating lever- that help trigger the extinguisher.

• Spring pin system – it help to puncher co2 cartridge.

• Safety vent hole – help to release extra pressure of cylinder before the cap taken off during blockage cylinder or unnecessary charge.

• Inner hole – it help to spared co2 gas on the cylinder from cartridge.

• Safety pin - it help to lock the trigger.

• Siphon tube – it help to pump up extinguishing agents to discharge tube.

• Strainer – it help to filter the water.

• Discharge tube – it help to throw out water.

• Nozzle - it help spread the water on the fire like rain.

Assemble of parts -

• This type of extinguisher has a 1.6 mm thick steel cylinder and cylinder fill by agents according of measurement mark.

• Gun metal cap proper fix by nick ring top the cylinder.

• The plunger/ operation lever joint on cap that move through the cap.

• A safety pin attach with plunger.

• Safety vent hole fix beside the plunger neck position of cap.

• Inner hole fix beside the cartridge in side of cap.

• A spring pin system attach with plunger/ operating lever.

• Co2 cartridge hold on cartridge holder just under spring pin system in the cap.

• Siphon tube fix bottom of cylinder and connect to discharge tube.

• Discharge tube attaches with cylinder body (plunger type) or attach with cap assembly (operating lever type).

• A nozzle attach with end point of discharge tube.

Technique of work-

During the fire first hard press on the plunger/operating lever, then spring pin break the seal of cartridge to release co2 empty space of over the agents and create pressure(6 – 7kg/cm2) to the agents, the pressurize water pump up by siphon tube to throw (about 20 feet) out through discharge tube to center of fire.

Maintenance -

Every extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency.

• This type of extinguisher is one time use by one time refilling.

• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body

• Check it properly every parts interval every 3 month

• Must be check the weight of co2 cartridge, if it loss of 10% of weight so it not for use.

• All movable parts must be check for to maintain proper movement

• Properly clean up inside of cylinder and check about rust for metallic body.

• Check the siphon tube and discharge tube to maintain proper working condition.

• Every one year it must be refilling even it not charge.

• Every 2 year it must be hydraulic test by 26 kg/cm2.

According of extinguishing agents it categorized by 3 types of fire extinguisher

Liquid type

Powder type

Gas type

READ TO TOPIC CLICK TO BLUE ZONES BELLOW

⇩

Liquid type

Powder type

Gas type

water type extinguishers

foam type extinguishers

Dry chemical powder

(DCP)

wet chemical extinguisher

Carbon dioxide(CO2) extinguisher

Halo type extinguisher

P A S S method to operate the extinguisher –

Every extinguisher operated by P A S S method it help easily to learning and operating the extinguisher.

P - Pull the extinguisher from the wall /extinguisher stand.
A - Aim to the fire base.
S - Squeeze the operating lever for start.
S - Sweep the discharge tube over the fire.

This golden rule apply every fire place to operated different types of fire

extinguishers.

conclusion - we can easily conclude classification of fire extinguisher by this post.

Thank you my dear safety friends

Work at height hazards and control measures

2020-06-14T11:30:00.005-07:00

Work at height hazards and control measures

[we can details study about hazards of height work and control measures ]

Introduction –

Height and gravity have different relation in the earth, that height and gravity work against each other, that is only reason of fall from height.

Industrialism continuous grow up year to year (high floor building, mobile tower, boiler, wind tower, etc). These are big reason of work at height and also responsible for height accidents.

Height accident have big role in all of industrial accidents, unfortunately it increasing every year . For that we should need to know about hazards of height work and proper safety precaution for awareness to prevent accidents in industrial work site.

Definition –

In simple concept work on any height place, there have chances to distance fall down and major / minor injury even fatal accidents can be happen in site. That’s call work at height.

According of rule above of 1.8/2 meter work height known as height work.

Hazards of height work

1]Fall from height –

Fall from height is main hazard of height work. Workers can be fall down from height and hit by any ground objects during the work that is big reason of major/minor injury and may be occur death accidents in work site.

2]Falling objects-

Falling objects from height also very hazardous. During the work loose hard particles fall from height work place that badly hit to ground floor personal and it cause of major injury of victims.

Example-

Loose structural materials like – tiles, bricks, timber etc

Waste material – cuts of wood, stone chips etc

Tools – tools can be drop down etc

3]Poor fall protection system –

Some height workplace have poor fall protection system that are create very hazards situation for the worker during work.

Improper guard rail around the site.
Absence or unmaintained Life line cables.
Weak anchor point.
These are reason make height accidents during the work

4]Personal protective equipment (PPE) -

Personal protective equipment are necessary for every task in site. Lacks of PPE according of height work that create hazardous situation because without height work PPE cannot be avoid height accidents.

Without full body harness worker can be fall down during the work.
Without fall arrester worker can be fall down during vertical work.

5]Bad ground barricading –

Bad ground barricading is also hazardous for ground floor personal, because any civilian (others workers) can be enter under the height work place and hit by any falling hard objects from height. It reason of major injuries.

6]Absence of responsible attainder-

Absence of attainder on height work place is creating hazardous situation because no one has notice to work situation (unsafe work) and cannot call for help during any type of emergency on height work place.

7]Poor platform-

Temporary platform required for height work. Poorly maintain or poor platform are big reason of height accidents because

Collapse the platform,
Improper erection,
Absence of guard rail and anchor point,
Damage working platform these are reason big accidents during work at height.
Example – Scaffold, hanging work platform, tower platform, lift etc.

8]Poor stair/ ladder –

Stair or ladder are connectivity to height but poor stair is also reason of accident because

Poorly maintain stair.
Short length and damage step of stair.
Use damage ladder and using unauthorized way.
Use improperly anchor ladder.
These reasons are responsible for injuries and fatal accidents.

9]Weather effect –

Weather are also reason of height hazard because

Create slipping condition due to rain and frieze that very risky during the work.
High wind make bad effect to temporary platform (scaffolding) and make the equipment unstable and loose material are blowing.
In winter high cold condition create bad physical effect to worker efficiency during the work.

10]Bad housekeeping-

Bad housekeeping on height place is can be reason of accidents because improper stacking material slippery and hit by obstacles on floor is mainly influence height accidents.

11]Poor designate erection –

Good design high erection (high floor building, towers etc) is very important for height work. Install Improper safety features create bad effect to height task, safety equipment are may be not good work & poor position on site. These are reason of unsafe work place on height.

control measures

1]Proper fall protection system-

Proper fall protection system should be installing every height hazards related work place to maintain safe work area.

Safety net should be presence side wall.
Guard rail should be install every open edge site
Toe rail should be installed on edge position.
Should be install appropriate life line
Strong anchor point must be presence required areas.
Metal sheet should be available on site to cover the floor hole.
Should be install potable crane to help workers during work vertical and unprotected areas.

Fall from height -

IT is main hazard of height work should be apply proper safety precaution to prevent dangerous accident

Fall from height of worker during the work –
Do not work edge position without protection.
Should be install guard rail around the open edge.
Proper PPE should be wear by workers during the work.

Should be use man protecting safety net out side of erection in falling angle.

Falling objects-

Falling objects are reason of major injury may be fatal. So apply proper safety measure to avoid falling object at work site.

Don not place loose materials close to edge point.
Should be install toe rail.
Should be presence of safety net wall side.
Should attach tools by stripe with hand during work because the tools cannot be fall down.

2]Personal protective equipment (PPE) -

Proper personal protective equipment according of height work equipment very necessary to maintain safe work place.

Full body harness must be wear and anchor strong position by worker during the height work. Full body harness should be anchor above the head.
Fall arrester must be wear during open roof work and vertical work areas.
Rope is very help full for access the equipment

Inspection of personal protective equipment (PPE) -

Failure of personal protective system is very hazardous for that must be proper inspection of all PPE before the work, do not use damage PPE to avoid accidents due this cause.

Check all stripe, all stitching, D rings, lanyard, hooks, clips of full body harness.

Check the lock system, stripes, accessible rope, and hook of fall arrester.

3]Responsible attainder -

A responsible attainder should be stay on work place to observe whole situation on site because attainder have big role to control and aware all workers about hazards. Attainder can call for help during any emergency condition at height.

4]Well working platform –

Temporary platform (scaffolding,lift, crane lift platform ) is very common for height work and it also hazardous. So should be making well platform follow all safety rule for work.

Before start work must be inspect the temporary platform.
It should be erected by expert personal.
  Should be install guard rail toe rail.
  Should be install proper anchor point.
Should be install stair follow safety rules.
  Lift has well mechanism and fully guard.

If any condition have no stable platform so use hydraulic platform (crane).

5]Stair / ladder –

stair / ladder have important role of height work so it should be safe for workers.

Stair and ladder must be use following safety rules.

Do not use damage ladder/ stair.
Ladder should be anchor to upper side.
Ladder should be erected 75 degree angle.
should be have proper guard rail of stair.

6]Good housekeeping –

Good housekeeping must be necessary on height work place.

Do not stack circle shape materials (pipe, iron ball etc) nearby edge side to prevent fall.
Stack material meddle position on floor.
Make slippery free floor to prevent action.

conclusion - after reading this post we can easily make concept of work at height.

If this post helpful for you so please comment and shear this post

THANK YOU MY SAFETY FRIENDS

Confined space hazards & safety precaution || Industrial safety ||

2020-06-09T12:35:00.009-07:00

Confined space hazards & safety precaution

|| industrial safety||

[we can detail study about hazards of confined space & safety precaution by this helpful post]

Introduction-

Confined space is a enclose area (vessels, tanks, silo, hopper, etc) It commonly seen in most of industrial site. It is very dangerous for human and there have different type of hazards available are reason of fatal accidents in industrial work place. Accidents in confined have constantly increase year to year, for that we must be need to know about confined for awareness and apply proper safety precaution to prevent fatal accidents in industrial work site.

Definition –

In simple concept confined space means limited area.

It is a enclose area that has only one/two narrow way for entry and exit, there have uncomfortable environmental condition to work for human and not design for continuous occupancy.

Function –

Commonly confined area uses for huge storage, mixing area in industrial site.

Types of confined space –

Several type of confined are seen around us and these are having different types. Some type of confined area are very hazardous that are may be reason of fatal accident and some type of are low hazardous that have less possibility of accidents on site.

Usually confined spaces have 2 types- Permitted

Non - permitted

Permitted -

These types of confined are very hazardous and can be big reason of fatal accidents during the work, for that required permit for work in side of confined area . So should be applying proper safety precaution according of particular confined area to make safe work place.

Example – silo, vessels, tanker, pipeline, hopper etc.

Non- permitted-

These types of confined are low hazardous and less chances for accident for that not to need issue the permit for the work with it.

It have low hazardous but not hazard free so should be apply suitable safety precaution during the work.

Example – equipment closets, narrow space of under house, ventilated tunnel, machinery cabin etc.

Hazards of confined space-

Improper job safety analyses(JSA)-

Before the hazardous work JSA is necessary, but improper JSA is about confined area work that are reason life risk of workers during the work.

Hazardous material -

Hazardous materials (such as acid, hydrocarbon, toxic and combustible gases flammable liquids etc) are storage in vessel / tanker in industrial site for production. During the work in confined area (vessels) hazardous material are highly dangerous for the worker that can reason of fatal accidents on site.

Connecting valve -

several confined are connected with different types of (corrosive, toxic, flammable material containing) pipelines through the connecting valve. During the work in side confined these types of open connecting valve are highly dangerous for the workers, because by any chance corrosive, flammable material enter through the valve that are reason of fatal accident in side of confined.

Moving equipment -

Some type of confined contain moving mechanical equipment for the particular purpose. during the work the moving part can be reason of harm, because by any chance movable part has start moving during the work in side so it reason fatal accidents on site.

Bad ventilation-

Confined is a enclose area and that have one or two narrow way for that there have improper ventilating condition normally. During the work in side worker face uncomfortable condition like suffocation swatting due to deficiency of fresh air bad impact to works health.

Oxygen deficiency –

Improper ventilation is common hazard of every confined space for that it contain low level of O2 (bellow – 19%), deficiency of breathing air that create life risk situation for the workers in side.

Bad illumination -

Confined is enclose area and only have 1 or 2 narrow way for that light cannot be reach in side. By this reason create visibility problem that make hazardous situation.

Absence of attainder -

During the work in confined area a responsible person must be need for observation to work situation, otherwise create any type of emergency situation in side by chance can’t be provide help to workers due to absence of attainder.

Improper testing-

Confined area have different types of hazards. Improper gas testing is very hazardous because without testing / improper testing we can’t know about atmospheric condition (O2 level, presence of flammable gases, corrosive materials etc) in side of confined that very hazardous and can be reason of fatal accidents during the work.

Improper emergency planning -

Confined area contain different types of hazardous. Improper emergency planning create dangerous situation because it cannot handle properly any emergency condition during work in side of confined .

Personal protective equipment (PPE) -

Without appropriate PPE according of confined work enter to the inside is hazardous, it can be reason of life risk to worker during work.

Electricity -

mostly of confined area connect with electricity for particular work purpose. Electrical connection with confined area during the work in side is create very hazardous situation, because it can be influence any electrical equipment( moving parts) that can be reason of fatal accidents.

Electrical tools -

During the work electrical tools use in side of confined area for job purpose which can be reason of accidents (shock, injuries, electrical fire etc). Example – cutting machine, grinding machines etc.

Hot work –

Hot work (welding, gas cutting, etc) in the confined area during the work create very hazardous situation because any type of combustible substance leakage in side by chance or presence of flammable substance that are reason of explosion.

Height risk-

Commonly industrial confined area has huge size that is reason of height hazards. During the work at height in confined area create hazardous situation about fall from height and may be occur accidents with workers.

Compress gas cylinders –

During the work compress cylinder keep in side that create dangerous situation because compress gas cylinder can be explosive due to hot atmosphere in side of confined .

Untrained workers –

Untrained workers / inexperience and careless worker are also reason accidents.

Safety precaution of confined space-

Work permit –

work permit is necessary for before start any type of hazardous work because the work permit is a document that makes the work safe in side of confined .

Job safety analyses (JSA) -

Before start work in confined area should be JSA by expert person to identify all hidden hazards and take appropriate precaution timely for maintain safe working environment during the work in confined.

Remove hazardous materials -

Before enter any confined area ( vessel, tanker etc) of hazardous material(corrosive , toxic gas , combustible gases and liquid etc)for work, first chick it carefully and properly remove all hazardous material to safe the work.

Disconnect all inlet valve -

If the confined contain with hazardous material containing pipeline through inlet valve , son isolate / fully disconnect from confined before the work inside.

Moving parts -

If the confined area contain any type of mechanical moving parts (fan), so fully disconnect from power before enter for work inside.

Well ventilation -

Normally confined is enclose area for that arranged adequate ventilation provide from outside through artificially. Use for it exhaust fan, blower etc to maintain safe work place.

Breathing air (O2) -

Deficiency of breathing air is common hazards in confined. Before entry first chick O2 level of confined area by gas meter. Maintain safe o2 level (19.5% - 23.5%) inside of confine to make safe work place.

Use artificial respiration system for breathing support – Self contain breathing apparatus (SCBA) breathing apparatus (B A SET) and external breathing air support through o2 pipe line. Time to time tack the o2 level of inside during the work.

Adequate illumination –

During the work in side of confined sufficient light is very necessary for good visibility to avoid demonic inside.24 volt lamp only use in confined for avoid electrical shock during the work.

Skillful attainder -

A skilled attainder must be stay during the work and observe whole situation inside of confined, because the attainder can call for immediate help during any emergency condition inside.

Proper testing -

Before enter in side of confined proper testing is necessary for safety purpose. Test for corrosive agents, acid, toxic gases, combustible liquid and gases, o2 level etc and observe atmospheric condition in side of confined for make safe work place. Time to time test gases level during the work is necessary.

Emergency planning –

Before starting work in side of confined set up the emergency planning according of particular confined area work is necessary , that deeply help to handle properly any type of emergency during the work.

Expert fire team stand by with fire fighting system (extinguisher, fire tender etc).

Medical team stand by with medical system in ambulance.

Expert rescue team stand by rescue system.

Personal protective equipment(PPE)-

Before entry in inside should be wear PPE according of particular confined area. PPE can protected workers from injury during the work.

Example- safety shoe, gloves, helmet, goggles, ear protector, SCBA, B A SET, harness, fall protection etc.

Electrical isolation -

Before entry in side of the confined area electrical isolation is very necessary for make safe work place.

Follow logout and tag out process to make sure electrical isolation to avoid the electrical accident inside.

Power tools-

If power tools are use for job purpose inside of confined, so must be apply proper power tools safety measure (fire & electrical safety) to avoid accidents in work place.

Example- grinder, cutting machine, drill machine welding machine etc

Hot work safety –

Hot work in side of confined is not safe, if required hot work in side, so first check presence of combustible material and eliminate the fire hazard then be permitted for hot work.

Apply proper fire protection measure for the hot work in side. do not keep welding machine in side of confined

Example- welding machined, gas cutting etc.

Compress gas cylinder-

Do not keep compress gas cylinder inside of confined area to avoid the explosion hazards. example - LPG , O2 , etc.

Height safety-

Work at height in side of confined very hazardous. Should be apply height safety measure to avoid fall from height.

Trained worker-

Confined space is very hazardous area so tainted / experience worker should be selected for this job.

conclusion - After reading this post we can gain more helpful information about confined space and its hazards & safety precautions. so it very helpful for my safety friends. please comment and follow my site

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Methods of fire extinguishing & extinguishing agents

2020-06-06T08:16:00.030-07:00

Methods of fire extinguishing & extinguishing agents

[we can detail study about fire extinguish and extinguishing agents through this post.]

Introduction-

Fire is a form of energy that produce light heat smock. It is a necessary element of human life .it can deeply help to increase productivity but in other side fire is play role of destroyer. Every year has occurred different type of fire accidents (industrial fire, domestic fire, forest fire etc) in the whole world. And its result lot of humans other animals death, damage of property and financial losses. Constantly increase of fire accidents year to year in industrial site, so we must be know about fire and method of fire extinguishing to prevent fire accidents on site.

Definition-

Typical meaning of Fire extinguish is that control the fire and eliminate the fire on place.

Fire extinguishing is a system that deeply helps properly control fire and fully eliminate the fire from site.

Method of fire firefighting-

Fire extinguishing process strongly depends on 4 golden methods to deeply help for fight against fire in work place.

4 method of firefighting- Cooling

Smothering

Starvation

Break the chain reaction

Cooling-

Cooling is well method for fighting against fire.try to reduce heat for control the hazardous fire this method is call cooling. Because heat is an important element to trigger the fire, if we reduce the heat so we can successfully control the hazardous fire in site.

Example- generally cold water is use for reduces the heat of fire.

Smothering-

Smothering is air controlling method for fight against fire.try to cut off the air supply (O2) for control hazardous fire this type of method is call smothering. Because air (O2) is most important element it play the role of breathing air for fire, if we reduce or cut off the air (O2) supply to fire, so we can easily control the hazardous fire on site.

Example- Dry chemical powder (DCP), blanket, CO2 extinguisher, foam & sand etc.

Starvation –

Starvation is fuel controlling method for fight against fire. Try to cut off the fuel supply

for control hazardous fire this type ofmethod is call starvation. Because fuel is most important element it work like feed of fire, if we fully cut off the fuel supply so we easily control or eliminate the hazardous fire on site

Example- stop the source of fuel supply, remove the fuel from fire side.

Break the chain reaction-

It is a chain breaking method for fight against fire. Fire fully depend on air ( O2 ) fuel and heat , it happen the burned fuel substance release lot of heat light and smock which trend to burn remaining fuel substance this reaction occur again and again it call chain reaction. So we need to break the chain reaction for control the hazardous fire on site.

Fire extinguishing agents-

Firefighting system work through extinguishing agents for fight against fire.

The extinguishing agents are ---

1. Water

2. Foam

3. Carbon dioxide (O2)

4. Dry chemical powder (DCP)

5. Halogenated hydrocarbon

6. Extinguishing agents of metal fire

7. Sand

8. Blanket

1. Water –

Water is common agent that use for fight against fire. Cooling method work through the water.

Water is a good solvent and minimum change of viscosity with temperature so it can be easily pumped.

Latent vaporized heat is high so it can absorb high amount of heat from the fire place. Water can expansion by heat with high rate (1 liter water can produce 1700 liter steam) this feature create smothering effect that help for fight against fire. Surface tension is very high of water for that it can be easily spray with jet spray that deeply help to control the fire. Density of water strongly helps for penetration to fire place. Water is easily available elements so it a first choice for fight against fire.

2. Foam-

Foam means forth, it is a substance that creates from tramping air/gas in liquid or solid. Foam is a very well extinguishing agent and it use increasing day to day in this mordant time. Smothering method (create a coat on the liquid fuel to reduce the oxygen supply) work through foam to control the fire.

Foam has 2 types – Mechanical foam

Chemical foam

Mechanical foam-

A particular concentration of foam mixing with appropriate amount of water and co2 is release when the plunger depress to the solution mix then forcefully release through the nozzle to fire that create the mechanical foam.

Example – protein foam, aqua’s film forming (AFFF) etc.

Chemical foam –

It is a small bubble containing solution. Sodium bicarbonate and aluminium sulfate react with each other and create foam and carbon dioxide (CO2) this type foam is call chemical foam.

Formula – 6NaHCO3+ AL2 (SO4)3 ---- > 3Na2 SO4+ 2AL (OH) 3 +6CO2

Uses- foam uses for liquid fire/B type fire

3. Carbon dioxide (CO2)-

CO2 is an inert gas that does not react with fuel. It is very help full extinguishing agent for fight against fire on place. Co2 is a very important agent in present time and it requirement increasing day by day specially for industrial site. Smothering and cooling method work through co2 media.

It stays liquid form in low temperature and expansion is very high. Co2 create cooling effect and heavy than air for that to reduce the o2 level of fire for control.

Uses- co2 use for electrical fire/E type fire

4. Halogenated hydrocarbons (halons)-

It is a high toxicity chemical extinguishing agent that efficiency for the fight against fire, it also known as hydrocarbon. It very light weight and effectively control the fire than co2

Uses- halon specially use in aircraft.

5. Dry chemical powder (DCP)-

Dry chemical powder (DCP) is a very common and three dimensional agent that availability high than others. It can prevents evolution of flammable vapour and eliminate the chances of re- ignition. The smothering method is work through DCP.

Some important dry chemical powder is—sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate etc.

Uses- use for A, B & C type fire.

6. Extinguishing agents of metal fire-

some extinguishing agent available for fight against metal fire. metal starting burn in high temperature(1600 deg) others types agents are not capable to control the metal fire, so required to special type of agents to control the metal fire. MEL -X powder composed by sodium chloride, tri calcium phosphate and zinc separate and powdered thermoplastic material , G-1 powder is mixture of graphite foundry coke are agents easy to use for extinguish metal fire/D type fire.
some other agents are - ternary eutectic chloride( TEC), INERT gases etc.

Uses- it very suitable for metal fire/ D type fire

7. Sand-

Sand is a very common fire fighting agent . It uses most of every fire hazardous area.Smothering method work through sand, it make cover on fire to cut off the o2 supply.

Uses- it uses for A & B type fire but it only working on small fire.

8.Fire blanket –

Fire blanket is very help full extinguishing agent. it works as a cover on the fire to control of fire by using smothering method. Fire blanket professionally use in fire hazardous work place but normal cotton blanket also help fighting against small fire.

Fire fighting media-

fire extinguish media means which types of equipment or machinery are use for fight agents fire . all extinguish agents work through extinguishing medias for fire extinguishing.

medias are- fire extinguisher , fire tender , fire hydrant , sprinklers , fire ball etc.

conclusion - after study this post you can gain your knowledge about fire extinguishing methods & agents.

please follow and comments on this post.

thank you my dear safety friend

FIRE TRIANGLES & CLASSIFICATION

2020-06-03T11:50:00.015-07:00

FIRE TRIANGLES & CLASSIFICATION

[we can easily understand about triangle of fire & classification through this post.]

FIRE FLAME

Introduction –

Fire is a form of energy that very helpful for us also it very destroyer for us. Fire is very important process that effect ecological system in whole earth. The positive affect of fire is that stimulating growth factor and maintaining several ecological systems. Negative effects is very hazards / brutal for whole earth. Loose of life, property pollution of environments and contaminate of water. Different type of fire hazards available on industrial work place and that are can be big reason of fire accidents.

Definition –

Fire is a rapid oxidation method of materials.

It is an external sign chemical reaction between oxygen fuel and heat that create thermo energy bright light smock and sound.

Triangle of fire -

Fire is only depending on a triangle system that is oxygen fuel and heat. These are main factor to create any types of fire because if absence of any one in three elements so fire will not be happen. There is a one more essential element beside of three elements that is call chain reaction. When a fire occurs the burned substances produce lot of heat which trends for burn remaining fuel substances, this process happen again and again that reason of chain reaction of fire.

Elements of fire-

Air -

Air contains 2 important gases oxygen and nitrogen and others are co2 helium etc. Air contain 20.95% of O2 is a main element for fire.principle of 02 burning is that perfect amount of o2 mix with combustible vapors on flash point when happen fire on particular purpose but without prefect level of o2 fire not happen.

Amazing fact is oxygen is not flammable but it highly capable to support the process of combustion for creates fire , o2 work like breathing air of fire

Fuel -

Which substances are ready to burn or which substances are burn itself to make fire,most of the fuel have a particular flash point( temperature) when the flammable fuel vapor combine with o2 on that flash point then occur fire, fuel work like feed of fire it calling fuel. It is a most important element of fire.

Types of fuel- Solid fuel

Liquid fuel

Gaseous fuel

Solid fuel –

Solid combustible materials can burnt are call solid fuel. Solid fuel was help to fire in human history and in present time it widely spread in whole world.

Example – wood, coal, paper & cotton etc.

Wood- it is first choice as solid fuel mainly in domestically but in industrial area it has limited use.

Coal- it is combustible sedimentary rock, it have highly use in industrial places for produce energy.

Paper & cotton- it not is as fuel but it can play role of fuel for fire.

Liquid fuel-

Which types of liquid can burnt to create fire those are call liquid fuel. Liquid fuel is very useful for mordant life movements.

Example – petrol, diesel, kerosene, gasoline, alcohol etc.

Petrol- petrol is lighter than water. It using mainly for light vehicles and machines.

Diesel – diesel is low density liquid than water. It using mainly for heavy vehicles and machines.

Kerosene- it also use domestically its low flammability than petrol diesel.

Gasoline- it only using for z engine it highly combustible.

Alcohol- it not uses as fuel but it can play role as fuel to fire.

Gaseous fuel-

Which types of gases can burnt to create fire those gases are calling gaseous fuel.

Example- liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compress natural gas (cng), hydrogen etc.

LPG- liquefied petroleum gas heavier than air and highly flammable gas. It uses domestically, vehicles etc.

CNG – compress natural gas is use in place of gasoline also use substitute of petrol, LPG diesel on vehicles.

Heat -

Heat/ temperature is a form of energy mainly it triggers to fire also heat is a result of fire. every flammable fuel have a flash point / which particular heat(degree) responsible for fire presence of o2 at place.

These factors are reason fire but also responsible for fire hazards and accidents on work places.

Classification of fire –

classification of fire is help us to know fire type that is directly effect to firefighting. the mainly 4 major groups fire A B C D E but more 1 type of fire are include on the fire classification that is k. this classification strongly related with extinguishing system.

A type fire- this types of fire are ordinary fire. These types of fire are look like ordinary but can big cause of fire accidents on work places so take it carefully. It may occur anywhere.

Example – wood, papers, cottons etc.

B type fire- flammable or combustible liquid related fire on work places is call liquid fire. Several industry have use different types of flammable liquid for combustion to create fire hazards, for that there may be occur B type/ liquid fire.

Example- petrol, diesel, kerosene, alcohol and gasoline etc.

C type fire- flammable / combustible gases related fire are calling gaseous fire. Flammable gases are use various industrial site for productions to create fire hazards, for that may be occur C type fire / gaseous fire.

Example – liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) compress natural gas (CNG) hydrogen etc.

D type fire - when the fire occur due to any combustible metal are call metallic fire. Several industries ( steel industry) have use combustible metal for production to reason of fire hazards on site, that is why may be happen metal fire/D type fire.

Example- sodium, phosphorous, magnesium , titanium, zlrocnlum etc. (it all use on match sticks, crackers etc).

E type fire- which types of fire related with electricity that’s call electrical fire/E type fire. Electricity is very common about domestically and industrially, for that electrical fire hazards may be create and its reason of electrical fire/E type fire on site.

Example – wiring, switch board, transformers and others electrical equipment.

K type fire - which type of fire related with kitchen means which type

of fire mainly occur in kitchen that’s call kitchen fire/K type fire. These are fire mainly happen domestically. Some fire hazards are available in kitchen that does can be reason of kitchen fire/k type fire.

Example- cooking oil, olive oil, palm oil,canola oil, corn oil, sunflower oil,safflower oil etc.

conclusion - we can easily understand about fire triangles and classification through this post

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Electrical safety || industrial safety ||

2020-05-15T23:25:00.004-07:00

ELECTRICAL SAFETY || INDUSTRIAL SAFETY||

[we can details study about electrical hazards & safety by this post.]

Introduction-

Electricity is most important useful invention in the earth. World technology revaluation bring about depend on it, for that electricity is a one of the main pillar for Modern life. We can’t survive without electric, it is also call as life line of human but other side electricity is most dangerous or hazardous for human and other animals, sometime it can be reason of death. So we need to know about electrical hazards for awareness to prevent electrical accidents through using proper electrical safety on industrial worksite.

Definition of electricity-

Electrical known as physical phenomenon and flow of electrical charges particular one direction (such as electron proton) this energy is calling electricity. Generally it produces from fossil fuel, hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and nuclear.

Electrical hazards

witch types of hazards conduct by electricity and electric related work that’s call electrical hazards.

Mainly two types of electrical hazards happen in the industrial work place and others area.

Types of electrical hazards-

Electrical fire hazards

Electrical shock hazards

Electrical fire hazards-

Electrical system one of the hazardous reason of fire for industrial work site and any others area for that we should to know about it to prevent electrical fire accidents on work places.

Short circuit -

It is most hazardous reason of electrical fire. Most of the fire accident occurs due to electrical short circuit on industrial work places.

Short circuit is two nodes improperly connected with each others in electrical circuit where two or more wire not suppose to come in contact each other touch ,Low resistance connection between the two conductors supplying electrical power to any circuit, this result excessive current flow to power sources through the short. For that create heat and sparked to happen fire on site.

Defected equipment and outlet--

Defected and outdated electrical equipment (like- motors, welding machine, grinding machine, wiring, and others appliances.) are big reason of electrical fire on industrial work place.

Fire is can be beginning faulty equipment damage cord, damages plug and switches. During work with power tools and others electrical related instruments frayed cord which can send heat on to the combustible surface /floor curtains ,wood are can be reason of fire.

Over headed power lines-

Over headed power lines are common matter on industrial work site for temporary or permanently. It also reason of electrical fire and explosion. These types of lines conduct a limited voltage and sometimes these lines are passing over any flammable/combustible substance, for that by any chances powers line start burning and sparking due to overload voltage supply it result wire may cut down on flammable materials and make fire and explosion.

Defected circuit breaker-

Circuit breakers an electrical device it help defend demonic due to short circuit in industrial work place. But defected or outdated circuit breaker can be reason of electrical fire on site. Faulty device can’t the break circuit system to stop the energy flow during short circuit.

Bad maintenance –

Lack of maintenance of electrical system are very dangerous for workers on site and it can be reason of electrical accidents.

Electrical shock hazards-

Electrical shock is most hazards cause of electrical accident and it big role of industrial accidents. Electricity known as life line of modern human life (human body make by 70% of water) it great conductivity of electricity for that it can be cause of unexpectedly death for human.

The severity of shock depend on these factors-

Resistance of current
Duration of current flow
Path of flow
Amount of current
Energy types
Voltage body resistance (ohm) of different part of body

Damage wire-

It is one of the hazards reason of electrical shock in industrial work places. Get heavy electrical shock to workers for damage/ jointed wire during working with electrical equipment, its result shock related injuries and may be death of workers.

Wet surface-

It is also a reason of electrical shock (water is great conductor of electricity). Mainly rennin season work site have wet condition, work with electrical equipment on wet surface can be cause of electrical shock to workers. It result is burning of body parts, muscle injuries may fatal accidents.

Without protection-

Without take proper protection work with electrical system can be shock to workers on site for that worker fall down, tools fall form height and bad physical (shock injuries) effects may be occur death accidents.

Improper earthing-

earthing system is necessary for any electrical instruments or installation for leakage current flow to the earth to prevent electrical accident. Leakage of current due to faulty wiring badly insulated appliance and improper use may be lead current flowing through the wrong path body of equipment, wire etc to shock the workers due to improper earthing.

Faulty electrical instruments-

work with faulty electrical instruments has high chance to get shock for workers in industrial work place, its result is shock related injuries.

Electrical safety measures

Electricity is important part of Modern life but it also equally hazardous for us so we need to know how prevent electrical accidents.

Which types of safety measures protect us from electrical hazards to prevent accidents that known as electrical safety.

Short circuit prevention-

short circuit is a dangerous reason electrical fire for that we need to know how to prevent it.

Wiring and electrical installation by trained person in industrial work site and install well quality circuit breaker to avoid short circuit for prevent electrical fire accidents.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) -

PPE is the first line of defense for hazards in industrial work place. Wearing proper electrical ppe during electrical work on work site. (ppe- rubber gloves, rubber shoes goggles etc)

Isolation-

Isolation is important precaution to protect from electrical accidents in industrial work places. During electrical maintenance work connection should be isolated and use logout and tag out system make it safer.

Proper earthings-

sometime improper earthing can be cause of electrical accidents. Earthing system can interrupt automatically current supply to an electrical circuit board during (faulty wiring, poorly insulated electrical device etc) leakage of current flow to earth by earthling systems and prevent electrical accidents.

Electrical fire extinguishers-

Co2 extinguisher is use for electrical fire so should be keep it near of worksite. Should be use fire insulation cable.

Faulty equipment-

Do not work with defected / faulty electrical equipment because it is very hazards for workers. So remove all faulty equipment away from work site.

Proper wiring-

Improper wiring is also a reason short circuit in industrial work place, for that should be proper wiring by expert person. Follow proper safety rules during temporary wiring.

Damages and loose wire-

Use of damages or jointed wire by workers during work with electrical equipment it very dangerous, so should not be work like it. Use only cuts free wire for works. Never leave loose wire to run along the floor and avoid loose connection.

Flexible line-

It always keeps in good care, use double insulation flexible cables should be use for extension electrical work; it should not be use lifting materials.

Wet land-

Working on the wet land with electrical instrument that can be reason of electrical accidents, for that use proper electrical protection during work on wet work site. Do not touch any electrical goods by wet hand.

Over loaded -

over headed electrical lines should not be supply over limit voltage. Do not be over load motors, wires, outlets etc.

over headed power line-

work at height very close to power lines it very dangerous for workers so should be proper safety precaution for it according of situation.

Power tools-

Power tools are very common things on industrial work site it also hazardous of workers so take proper safety measures to prevent accidents.

Keep away cords from heats oil & sharp enrages.

Disconnect tools after work.

Use tools on dry place double insulation tools should be use.

Do not use tools that smock, spark, or shock.

conclusion - after reading this post we can conclude about electrical safety.

please comment on post & shear

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Role of housekeeping in industrial safety

2020-05-15T10:40:00.017-07:00

Role of housekeeping in industrial safety

[we can detail study about role of housekeeping in industrial safety by this post]

Introduction:-

In simple think housekeeping means only cleaning but according rule of industrial safety it is not only about cleaning . Its most important part of safety. good housekeeping reduce chances of accident in work site.

Housekeeping is easily define in one concept is that - a place for every things and every things in this places.

Definition :-

In the site proper cleaning of rubbish and sanitization , stacking of materials proper uniformly on selected places, unnecessary tools & materials remove from work place, keep free path way for safe movements, good lighting system, defected things remove. following implemented rule properly, maintaining improvement.

Theses overall things is under of housekeeping to maintain a healthy work environment.

5s method of housekeeping in industrial safety:-

Effective housekeeping can remove some hazards from work place and get a job done safely & properly.

it depend on 5 pillar to work effectively on work place these 5 pillar also known as 5s method .It originate from the japan [japanese company toyota production system(TPS)] was first introduce 5s method to the world mid of 20th century. then this effective system using by the whole world to maintaining safe working environment in the work site.

The 5s method:-

japanese English

seiri - sorting

seiton - straightening

seiso - sweeping

seiketsu - standardizing

shitsuke - sustain the discipline

Storing:-

Stacking of materials is 1st important pillar of housekeeping. in the worksite disorderly stacking materials can be main reason of accidents and that

direct impact to worker health and productivity.

1) Stack the material in selected area.

2) Staking materials following by material safety data sheet (MSDS).

3) Stacking materials/tools keep in orderly/uniformly.

4) Only necessary materials,tool should be on work site.

5) Keep clear way to safe movement during stacking materials.

Straightening:-

It is second important pillar of the housekeeping.it help to simplifying the process.

1) Set in order the equipment to easily find required things and avoid waste of time.

2) Required equipment according of task keep close to hand.

3) Defective equipment keep separate ,other wish mark by red tag.

4) Routine maintenance of equipment.

Systematic sweeping:-

It is third important pillar of housekeeping. sweeping/cleaning deeply help to maintain safe and healthy environment on work place.

1) Beginning of everyday proper cleaning and sanitizing very necessary at work place.

2) Hazardous wast remove from site and destroy

3) Oily,greasy and hazardous acids on surface is very dangerous it should be clean.

4) After work cleaning tools properly.

5) Sharp particles of materials can be harmful so should be clean.

Standardizing:-

It is fourth pillar of housekeeping. its help to maintain disciples on work site.

1) Making of the rule and implement

2) Following the implemented rules properly to maintain a regulated and safe work environment.

Sustaining:-

It is last pillar of housekeeping.

1)Its help to improvement our self.

2) Holding the gain.

3) Set the goal

4) Make these rule habit.

Cause of accidents due to bad housekeeping:-

Tripping over loose object on floors, stairs and platform.
Falling objects from height it can be hit by worker.
Slipping floor by oils greasy water it can be dangerous for workers
Dirty, flammable waste, toxic waste, on worksite can be reason of fire and accidents.
Striking against with loose obstetrical during walking on site.
Collapses the poorly places of the materials on site it can be injured workers.
Cutting, puncturing,or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping.
Hanging loose objects can be hit by head, face.
Loose or jointed electrical wire and faulty electrical equipment can be big reason of accident.
Poor lighting to bad visibility too dangerous.
Open toxic gas, acids container on floor make unsafe condition.

Importance of housekeeping in industrial safety:-

Reduce the man efforts and easy to flow of materials.
Help to reduce risk of fire hazard in work place.
Good housekeeping help healthy work environment by proper and sanitizing of work place.
All equipment working with more efficiency by proper routine maintenance.
Easy to find obligate materials and avoid waste of time.
Get free passage for safe movement for worker by good housekeeping.
Good housekeeping help to prevent of injury due to sharp particles of metallic goods.
Create good impression to visitors.
Improved of workers morale that good for productivity.
Reduce property damages by improving preventive maintenance.

conclusion - after reading this post we can easily conclude the role of housekeeping in industrial safety

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Types of occupational hazards || industrial safety ||

2020-05-15T07:06:00.007-07:00

Types of occupational hazards||industrial safety||

[we can detail study about role of housekeeping in industrial safety by this post]

Introduction of hazards-

Hazards means danger. We always living with some major and minor hazards, when the hazards directly related occupation than it occupational hazards it can be harmful for us so we should be need to know about hazards for prevent accidents.

Definition-

Which types of property/substances/agents/objects have major/minor potential to harm the living body, accidents, damages, financial losses, that potential of objects is call hazard.Which types of hazards available on industrial work site that are call occupational hazard.

Types of hazards-

7 types of hazard are available on industrial work site. For that we should be to know about hazards types for taken prevention according types of hazard.

Types of occupational hazards are--

1) mechanical hazard

2) physical

3) biological

4) chemical

5) Fire hazard

6) environmental

7) organization

Mechanical hazards

The relation between man and machines are very cool from long time but in other side machines are reason of dangerous accidents( injury/fatal of man ,damages and losses)

Its call mechanical hazard.

In industry have huge size and different types of machinery that are contain many types of hazards, moving parts and protruding are main reason mechanical hazards.

Approximately 10% of industrial accidents occur by machines according of data.

Example- power tools, cement mixture, moving conveyor belt etc.

Power tools --

power tools are very hazards according of mechanically & electrically. Its moving sharp blade can injured to workers.

Cement mixture machine-

This machine are hazards for workers. Moving parts of this machine can be harm to the worker during work with it.

Moving conveyor belt-

It common things in every factory. During worker with it the worker body part, loose cloth can be bind with belt its very harmful for worker

Physical hazard

If any hazards have potential to harm the human body without necessary touching it is call physical hazard. Which are too often overlooking because of familiarity

This types of hazard commonly available in work places.

Example- heat, light, noise, vibration ultra radiation , slipping down etc.

Heat-

Heat is a very common hazard in industrial work places. Workers are can be harm but effects of heat. It has direct and indirect effects to humans.

Boiler, thermal plants etc

Direct effects-

Without any protection doing heat related work in site can be burn body parts.

Heat exhaustion-

Heat exhaustion is hot atmosphere enclose area on work site due to any heat sources. In this condition heavy sweating and rapid pulse due to body overheating, its result that headache, dizziness.muscle cramps and can be happen heat stroke.

Heat cramp-

It is heat illness. Hard work in hot temperature condition reason of muscle cramp that very painful for muscle.

Heat stroke-

During the hard work in very hot temperature atmosphere the work site the body of workers badly effects by heat,in this condition overheat

Of the body (104F/40C) above temperature can be heat injuries. Its result doziness, headache, muscle cramp, heavy sweating, fainting are symptoms of heat stroke.

It can be causes fatal accidents.

Indirect effects-

Indirect effect of heat are decrease work efficiency, increase fatigue of workers, increase accident accidents rate on industrial site.

Those create bad effect to productivity.

Cold effects-

Some types of industry have cold hazards like dry ice factories and liquid N2 factory etc. extremely cold climatic condition

Also can be hazard for workers.

Chilblain-

painful itching and lump on body part because poor circulation in the skin expose to cold objects.

Erythrocyanosis-

Due to cold create a condition swelling at body parts of personal and red patches appear on the skin and it’s very itching or painful.

Immersion foot-

It is feet injury by cold. Working for long time wet and cold condition for that feet loose heat 24 times faster than dry feet and

Compress blood vassal and stop blood circulation to feet also very painful. It’s very hazardous for human body.

Frostbite-

Due to extreme cold body tissue are freeze and formation ice crystals in cell for that cell are disrupt and this condition very painful and swelling of human body

Hypothermia-

It is disease due to extreme cold working for long time.

Light-

It also a physical hazard have potential to harm. In industrial work site have some type of light related hazard like poor illumination or excessive brightness to badly effect workers.

Poor illumination-

It has two types of affects that acute and chronic effect.

Acute effects-

Eye strain-

Working on digital device for long time without any rest this disease can happen. Symptoms like watery eyes, double vision, headache, burning and itching and lazy eyes Due to of this disease.

Headache-

Working under poor light for long time its directly bad effects to eyes of employees. Its result is headache runny eyes etc.

Eye pain and lachrymal-

Stays under low lighting condition for long time its result is eyes pain and lachrymal, bad effect to vision.

Chronic effect-

Chronic effect on health is that 'miner’s nystagmus'. These diseases are very painful for life.

Excessive illumination-

It also hazardous for eyes and lead to accident or create uncomfortable condition in work place for worker.

Discomfort and visual fatigue -

Work under much bright light for long time that feel to workers visual fatigue and very discomforting.

Blurring of vision and lead to accidents-

Sudden projection excessive light by any vehicles or objects are reason of blurring vision that result big road Accident.

Noise-

Noise is common hazard in industrial work site. Excessive noise is very harmful for ear.

Auditory effect-

Due to height noise loss hearing temporary or permanently.

Non auditory effect-

Due to excessive noise can be nervousness of personal, fatigue, interference in communication, annoyance, and decrease efficiency of work of industrial work site. Mainly noises spreading depend on intensity, frequency of range, duration of exposure.

Vibration-

It is also a physical hazard, it can harm to worker. Mainly construction site have these hazard due to operating vibrator, drill machine, blasting operation

Vibrations these are create bad effect hand and arms of operators in work site.

Ultraviolet radiation-

It’s very harmful for welders. During of arc welding have create much more possibility to occupational expose to ultraviolet radiation,

It badly effect to eyes of workers.

Slipping down -
Workers can be slip down due to slippage floor during the work it also a physical hazards

Heavy weight lift -
Workers may be physically injured due to lifting heavy weight.

Chemical hazards

chemical hazards

Some type chemicals are highly hazards. These chemicals are use for production as raw materials in industry for that its can be very

Dangerous for workers with work it. Chemicals have big role of industrial accidents. It’s not only harm to workers also harmful surrounded civilians.

The chemical are enter our body only 3 way that are -

Inhalation -- enter the chemically air/smell through breathing

Ingestion -- enter the chemically substance by the food.

Injection-- enter the chemical substance through any injection objects.

Absorption-- contact the skin with chemical substances.

Burn-

Due to contact hazardous chemical with skin by any chance to result is burning parts of body badly of worker in site.

Illness-

worker feel illness (like breathing problem, headache, vomiting, unconsciousness) during work with toxic chemical due to chemically smell and vapor.

It can be reason of fatal accidents.

Skin irritation-

During the work with chemicals workers are feels skin irritation due to skin contact with chemicals.

Biological hazard

Biological hazards come from biological organism to harm/injured workers. Mainly construction area beside forest, hills, grassland has these types of hazards.

Wild animal attack-

Some time workers area beside the forest, during the work worker can be attack by wild animal (like - snake elephants, pigs etc) get injured.

Insect bite-

During the work injurious insects (bee, mosquito, wild fly etc) can attack to the workers.

Plants-

sometimes works interact with some unknown infectious plant during the work on site.

Fungal-

worker can be infecting by any fungi. It lives on soil, plants and any low immunity infected person during work. It result skin infection

Ringworm, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis etc)

Viruses and bacteria-

Viral & bacterial are more hazards than others biological hazards. It can be infect all worker in very short time,

It result viral fever, flu herpes, blood-borne, hepatitis-B or C, HIV etc.

Fire hazards

Fire one of the hazardous cause of industrial accidents of whole world,it can destroy everything. fire hazards chances more than other hazards in specific industrial work places,(mainly- oil ,gas,chemicals, coal industry, power plant thermal plant etc).

for we need to very well about fire hazards for awareness prevent fire accidents on work site .

Flammable oil-

Fire accident occur due to flammable oil contact to ignite heat in work place.(petrol, diesel,kerosene etc)

Flammable gas-

By any chance ignite heat contact to flammable gas it can be reason of big fire accidents.( lpg,hydrogen,butane,methane etc).

chemical fire -

Chemicals are also reason of fire, some chemicals react with each other for that make much heat to exploration and contact any combustible substances for create fire.(acetone peroxide,azoclathrates, benzoyl peroxide).

electrical fire-

It is dangerous reason of fire on industrial work place. electrical fire can be due to electrical short circuit on work places.

Environmental hazards

Environment is so helpful and beautiful but other side very hazardous for us. Injury, fatal accidents, damages, losses can be happen due to environmental hazard.

Example- environmental hazards- thunders, storm, earthquake etc.

Thunder- work during thunder creates high life risk and can be fatal accidents.

Storms- during storm can be injured the workers in work place.

Earthquake - make high life risk of workers for collapse building trees etc due to earthquake.

Organization hazards

managements/administration of organization hazards also included in occupational hazards.

Improperly implementation of rule in company.

Excessive work load.

Required safety equipment unavailability.

conclusion - after reading we can easily conclude about occupational hazards in work site

if you has been helpful by this post so please comment & shear

thank you my safety friends

what is safety || industrial safety ||

2020-05-14T12:53:00.008-07:00

what is safety?(industrial safety)

Introduction Safety :-

safety is a first priority before any work. our first safety system is nature,the whole world protect by natural safety system[ like o3 layer defend from ultra violet ray of sun, gravity of earth, immunity system of living body etc]. Industrial work site have different types of hazards for that deeply required artificial safety system.

At first we need to know full form of safety S A F E T Y

S- stay

A- alert

F- for

E- every

T- task

Y- you do

‘Safety’ this word has come from latin word ‘SALVAS’ that means – safe unharmed and healthy.

Definition of safety - Safety is a protection system that implement by natural and also artificially. This system provide freedom to us from accidents, major/minor injures & may be death of livening body, damages of property, financially losses due to hazards. This protected system is call safety.

Ø World health and safety day is 28^th April.

Ø National safety day is 4^th march. this week celebrating as safety week in the country.

Facts of safety:-

Safety is most important undivided part of each& every work in a day. this think make a hazards free condition to safe us from any type of hazards/danger.

Whole safety system strongly depended on ‘rule’ and technology in industry. these rule has been make by whole accident analyzers in the world and HSE (health safety environment) experts.[sir Herbert William heinrich 1931, and sir Frank E brid ].

· Huge number of accident occur every day in the world then most of the result of accident is major inures and death. Every day almost 3,700 people are killed globally in road traffic crashes involving cars and Every day 47 factory workers are injured and three die in accidents in the India.

every accident has occur due to unsafe act and unsafe condition on road and industry.

Before starting any type of major/minor hazards related work then necessary to do observation , analyses & prevention this method is call JSA (job safety analyses).

Some overconfident people are violence of the safety rule on site during the work. They can be a major reason of big disaster/accident in work place . these are public are more dangerous for them self and others on the site.

Safety first stating from yourself and spread to others. Following proper safety rule in site to make us safe & also safe happiness of our family.

Significance of industrial safety:-

v Accidents:- everyday in the world number of industrial accident are constantly increasing & its result is injures , fatal, damages. Safety is the only way get us protect from harms.

v Hazard control:- we always living with major/minor types of hazards & its have potential to harm us. Only safety can control the hazards by following proper safety rule and prevent accident.

v Damage property:- hazards are cause of accident and accident are cause of major/minor types of property damages in site . safety can eliminate the hazards to prevent accident to save the property from damages.

v Financial losses:- A big accident is reason of financial loss due to poor safety. damages property & man hour loss badly effect of production, death compensation, hospital fees. mostly bad effected to financial condition of victims family . for that safety must necessary.

v Morale:- well safety system can maintain safety and healthy work environment on the work site. That create good impact to moral e of employees.

v Productivity:- follow proper safety rule to minimizing risk and zero accident are reason of safe working environment that increasing well productivity

o concept of accident chain system-

We need to break the chain system of accident-

First identifying unsafe act & unsafe condition to eliminate the hazards and break the chain.
If we cant control unsafe act & condition then Secondly identifying the hazard to prevent the accident through minimize risk.

THANK YOU

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