Scientific facts:- Unbelievable science facts.

Finger millet, a very rare type of food.

2021-04-24T01:33:00.045+05:30

Finger millet

(Finger millet grains)

(Finger millet)

Common name :- Finger Millet (English)

Ragi (Hindi)

Vingermanna (Afrikaans)

Mandia (Odia)

Nachni (Marathi)

Kezhvaragu (Tamil)

Kingdom :- Plantae

Order :- Poales

Family :- Poaceae

Genus :- Eleusine

Species :- coracana

Scientific name :- Eleusine coracana

Finger millet is scientifically known as Eleusine coracana and it is seen in the arid (the area with lack of available of water / dry area) and semiarid (slightly dry) areas of Asia and Africa, and the countries such as Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Democratic republic of Congo, Tanzania, Nigeria, Sudan, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Nepal and India.

Finger millet is an annual herbaceous plant and is cultivated for its grain, which is eatable. The origin place of finger millet is Ethiopia and Uganda, and farther it came to India around 2000 BCE.

Suitable Place for Finger millet :-

Finger millet is mainly cultivated in dry regions such as arid and semiarid areas. This plant can tolerate high cool temperature, so it can be cultivated in winter but sometimes it is cultivated in rainy season in some hill side areas. It can grow easily both in acidic soil (upto pH 5) and alkaline soil (upto pH 8).

Use of Finger millet :-

After harvesting and collecting of finger millet grains, flour is made from it and this flour is eaten in many of ways, like by making porridge, cakes and puddings. In India, its flour is eaten with boiled water or milk, and chapati, dosa, idli, laddu are also made from its flour. In Africa and Nepal, beer is made from its flour and is eaten. The straw of finger millet is used animal food.

(Finger millet flour)

Finger millet is a very healthy food. According to USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) data 20g of finger millet gives 100 kcal energy, 2g protein, 4g fat, 13g carbohydrate, and many more minerals like iron, calcium, sodium and potassium.

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(1) What is the Baseball plant ?

(2) What is the scientific name of Long pepper ? Know about the benefits of long pepper.

(3) What is the tallest grass in the world ?

(4) Know about black turmeric and its value.

(5) Which is the largest flower in the world ?

(6) Know about Bitter gourd and its value.

Baseball plant facts.

2021-03-10T01:16:00.002+05:30

Baseball plant facts.

(Baseball plant)

Common name :- Baseball plant

Kingdom :- Plantae

Order :- Malpighiales

Family :- Euphorbiaceae

Genus :- Euphorbia

Species :- obesa

Scientific name :- Euphorbia obesa

Appearance :- Spherical

The baseball plant is scientifically known as Euphorbia obesa. It is a succulent flowering plant and its pod contains about two to three seeds in it. It is a slow growing wild plant. Due to its over collection, this plant is in a danger condition. It is cultivated in normal gardens and botanical gardens, because of its unique appearance, and to study about this plant. It is seen in subtropical regions and is native to Cape Province, South Africa.

A baseball plant looks exactly like a ball, therefore, this plant is called so. It is about 6 c.m to 15 c.m in diameter and the young plants look spherical but they get cylindrical shape according to the time. It has male and female flowers, and its flowers are called as cyathia. The latex of baseball plant is toxic like its other species and can kill humans.

The baseball plant is a very rare type of plant and is seen in the Karoo region of South Africa, which is a summer rainfall area.

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(1) What is the 10-dimensional universe according to string theory ? (Physics)

(2) What is the scientific name of Long pepper ? Know about the benefits of long pepper.

(3) What is the tallest grass in the world ?

(4) Know about black turmeric and its value.

(5) Which is the largest flower in the world ?

(6) Know about Bitter gourd and its value.

What are the seven colors of light ?

2021-02-05T02:17:00.000+05:30

What are the seven colors of light ?

Generally, we know that the light is a thing that helps us to see but according to physics, light has both wave and particle nature (wave-particle duality), so it is an electromagnetic radiation within the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which can be seen by human eye.

(Dispersion through Prism)

The white visible light is a mixture of seven different colors, which was first discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. He discovered this in 1666, when he passed a beam of white light through a prism and identified these seven colours, which are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (shortly VIBGYOR). This method is called as dispersion, because when white light is divided into its constituent colors, it is called dispersion.

Why are white light and black (or dark) not the colors of light ? :-

White light is a mixture of seven different colors and all these colors have different wavelengths, frequency and energy. So, in physics, a colour is a visible light, which has a specific wavelength. Therefore, white light is not a color, because it has no specific wavelength and it contains all wavelengths of visible light. In this way, black or dark is also not a color according to physics, because there is no visible light in the dark (i.e. absence of visible light).

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(1) What is the 10-dimensional universe according to string theory ?

(2) Why does sea water look blue ?

(3) Know the comparison between light and sound.

(4) Why is number 4 a blackhole number ?

How is the area of the circle πr² ?

2021-02-01T00:47:00.000+05:30

How is the area of the circle πr² ?

figure-(a)

Let S is a circle whose radius is r.

Hence the circumference of the circle S is 2πr.

figure-(b)

Now, divide the circumference of the circle S into two equal parts. (Like in figure-(b))

∴ Arc (ACB) = Arc (ADB) = 2πt/2 = πr

Now, divide the above circle into many small sectors, where the number of sectors in the semicircle ACB is equal to the number of sectors in the semicircle ADB. (Like in figure-(c))

Then arrange these sectors as shown in figure (d).

figure-(c)

figure-(d)

Now, the circle is converted into a parallelogram whose length is πr and its height is r towards its base.

∴ Area of the parallelogram = length × height

= πr × r

= πr²

∴ The area of the circle is πr².

(Note:- If we divide the circle into more smaller sectors, then we get a rectangle instead of a parallelogram and here too the final result is πr².)

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(1) Know how (a+b)² = a² + 2ab + b² and (a-b)² = a² -2ab + b².

(2) Why does sea water look blue ?

(3) Know the best figure counting tricks.

(4) Why is number 4 a blackhole number ?

Interesting Facts About Bird Northern Cardinal.

2021-01-29T03:39:00.004+05:30

Interesting Facts About Bird Northern Cardinal.

(Male and female Northern Cardinal)

Common name:- Northern Cardinal/ Red Cardinal/ Red Bird (English)

Cardenal Rojo (Mexico/Spanish)

Cardenal norteno (Spanish)

Rot kardinal (German)

Cardinal rouge (French)

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Chordata

Class :- Aves

Order :- Passeriformes

Family :- Cardinalidae

Genus :- Cardinalis

Species :- cardinalis

Scientific name :- Cardinalis cardinalis

Appearance :- Red (male)

Brownish-red (female)

Diet :- Granivore

The northern cardinal, red cardinal or red bird is one of the most beautiful wild bird in the world. Its name was only Cardinal before 1985. It is scientifically known as Cardinalis cardinalis and it has 19 sub-species like C. c. cardinalis, C. c. coccineus, C. c. floridanus, C. c. affinis, C. c. canicaudus, C. c. carneus, C. c. igneus, C. c. littoralis, C. c. mariae, C. c. saturatus, C. c. sinaloensis, C. c. superbus, C. c. yucatanicus, C. c. townsendi, C. c. seftoni, C. c. phillipsi, C. c. magnirostris, C. c. flammiger and C. c. clintoni. Northern cardinals are found in North American countries such as Canada, United States, Mexico, Belize and Guatemala.

Appearance :-

The northern cardinal is a singing bird and is a medium-sized bird with a body length of 21cm to 23.5cm. The weight of this bird is about 33.6gm to 65gm (in adult). And the male cardinal is slightly larger than the female. Here the male birds are red in colour and their face is black with a red bill, while the females are brownish-red and their face is also black with a red-orange bill. Both male and female have a crown on their head and it looks sometimes but not always.

Diet :-

The northern cardinal is a grainvorous (an animal that eats seeds as a staple of its diet) bird, but still occasionally eats insects such as grasshoppers, cicadas and snails. 90% of northern cardinal's foods are seeds, grains and fruits such as safflower seeds, oats, sunflower seeds etc.

Some Other Information About Northern cardinal :-

Northern cardinal birds are very rare and can be seen in southeastern Canada, the eastern United States, eastern and southeastern Mexico, Belize and Guatemala.

The northern cardinal is a singing bird and the maximum time a male cardinal sings but it is also observed that both male and female sing at the time of mating. During courtship, the male collects food and feeds to the female beak-to-beak to attract her and then mates with her. A female northern cardinal lays three to four eggs in the nest each year. The size of each egg is about 26mm × 19mm. And every year two to four baby northern cardinals are raised. The northern cardinal has a very short lifespan and its average life period is about one year.

USA and Northern cardinal :-

The northern cardinal is the state bird of 7 U.S. states, which is more than any other bird species. It is a state bird of Illinois, West Virginia, Ohio, Virginia, Indiana, North Carolina, and Kentucky of USA. And in these states the northern cardinal is called as "Cardinal".

This bird is the mascot of many American school and college athletics. It is also mascot of the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League and the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball's National league. And it is also the logo of CD Projekt, which is a Polish video game developer company.

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(1) Who is the largest living animal in the world ?

(2) Know about fish Mola tecta.

(3) Which is the most poisonous fish in the world ?

(4) Know about the amazing bird Superb-bird-of-paradise.

(5) What is Umbonia spinosa ?

Interesting Facts about Long pepper.

2021-01-25T00:06:00.001+05:30

Interesting Facts about Long pepper.

(Picture of Long pepper)

Common name :- Long pepper,

Indian long pepper,

Pipli,

Pippali

Kingdom :- Plantae

Order :- Piperales

Family :- Piperaceae

Genus :- Piper

Species :- longum

Scientific name :- Piper longum

Appearance :- White (In the first stage)

Green (In the middle stage or young stage) But in some varieties, it is black in color from young to old stage.

Red (When it is riped)

Black (When it is dried)

Long pepper is also known as Indian long pepper, Pipli or Pippali and is scientifically known as Piper longum. Long pepper tastes hot like black pepper but differs slightly from it and the taste of its seed and other part is also hot. Its plant is a vine and has no flower. It has another species called as Piper retrofractum. The long pepper plant is native to India. Now, long pepper plants are rarely available in some African countries and are found in India, Nepal, Indonesia, Pakistan and Malaysia.

It is cultivated for its fruits, which are usually dried and used as spices and seasoning; And it is also used in Ayurvedic treatment. In some Ayurvedic remedies, it is slightly burnt in a fire or fry and a powder is made and this powder is eaten with honey to prevent disease. In India, its powder is sometimes eaten with red tea (Kadha in Hindi) to prevent cold disease.

(Black pepper fried in fire)

(Powder of Long pepper)

In the first stage the long pepper looks slightly white, looks green in the middle stage or young stage, looks red in the old stage or when it ripens, and it looks black when ripe or young long pepper is dried. The long pepper seeds are very small and the taste of these seeds is hot like black pepper but slightly different.

(Dried Long pepper)

(Seeds of Long pepper)

Long pepper is mostly used in Ayurvedic treatment in India and in some countries. It is also used in pickles in India and Nepal; and it is used in cooking in Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Nepal, Indonesia and some African countries. It plays a main role in Ayurvedic treatment and is a main component in Ayurvedic medicine. Long pepper is a main ingredient in most Ayurvedic medicine.

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(1) Who is the largest living animal in the world ?

(2) What are carnivorous plants ?

(3) Which is the largest flower in the world ?

(4) Where does gold dissolve ?

(5) Know about black turmeric and its value.

Interesting Facts about Bitter gourd.

2021-01-11T03:41:00.008+05:30

Interesting Facts about Bitter gourd.

(Bitter gourd)

(Bitter gourd flower)

Common name :- Bitter gourd/Bitter melon (English)

Karela (Hindi/Urdu)

Nigauri (Japanese)

Peria (Indonesian/Malay)

Kingdom :- Plantae

Order :- Cucurbitales

Family :- Cucurbitaceae

Genus :- Momordica

Species :- charantia

Scientific name :- Momordica charantia

Taste :- Bitter

Bitter gourd, Bitter melon or Bitter apple is scientifically known as Momordica charantia. It is a tropical and subtropical vine and is seen mainly in Asia and Africa. And its origin place is India. It is cultivated for its fruit and leaf, as it is eatable but both its fruit and leaf have a very bitter taste. Therefore some people don't want to eat this vegetable but in fact it is very healthy and good for human body.

According to the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture), 100 grams of bitter gourd provides very small amount of energy but it provides huge amount of vitamins and minerals, which makes it a healthy food. It is usually cooked in a green or early yellowing stage. According to Indians, it works as a medicine for patients with diabetes. And it is also used as herbal medicine in Africa.

Appearance :-

The bitter gourd plant grows up to 5m or more than 5m. Its leaf has 3 to 7 separated lobes. Its flower is yellow in color and the plant has male and female flowers. The bitter gourd is completely green in color but in the old stage it looks yellow.

(Small Bitter gourds and its plant)

The bitter gourds, which are found in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are appeared same but the Chinese bitter gourds are different. Because the outer surface of the Indian bitter gourd looks like triangular teeth, while the surface of the Chinese bitter gourd does not have such types. In India, two different variants of bitter gourd are found, one is long bitter gourd and the other is short bitter gourd, but both of them look alike and only have different sizes.

(Chinese Bitter gourd)

(Long variant of Indian Bitter gourd)

(Short variant of Indian Bitter gourd)

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Interesting Facts about Black Turmeric.

2020-11-05T06:49:00.007+05:30

Interesting Facts about Black Turmeric

(Black Turmeric and Common Turmeric)

Kingdom :- Plantae

Order :- Zingiberales

Family :- Zingiberaceae

Genus :- Curcuma

Species :- caesia

Scientific name :- Curcuma caesia

Common name :- Black Turmeric or Kali Haldi

Appearance :- Blueish-black

Back turmeric is also known as Kali Haldi or Black Zedoary and is scientifically known as Curcuma caesia. Black turmeric is native to northeast India and some other states of India.

We all know about common turmeric which is bright yellow in colour and is used in kitchens in many countries. Because of its health benefits, many people make juice from raw turmeric and drink it daily. But many people don't know about black turmeric, because these are very rare and mostly seen in India.

Comparison between Common Turmeric and Black Turmeric :-

Black turmeric and common turmeric plants are similar, and their cultivation and harvesting processes are also similar, but black turmeric leaves look slightly different, because black turmeric contains black colour line on its leaves, by which we can easily identify these plants. If we cut a rhizome of black turmeric, we find that its inner part is blueish-black. Hence, this is the reason that why it is called as black turmeric. The black turmeric flower is slightly purple and white or slightly red and white, while the color of the common turmeric flower is yellowish-white and some are completely white. And the price of black turmeric is much higher than the common turmeric because of its rarity and use in medical offer.

(Appearance of black turmeric and common turmeric leaves.)

Use of Black Turmeric :-

It is used maximum in ayurvedic and other medical treatments, and it is also used in perfumes because of its beautiful fragrance. Many scientists are also doing research on it internationally to know more about it. Some Indians also believe that it has magical power, so it is used in tantrism.

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About the Universe of 10 Dimensions of String Theory.

2020-10-29T09:04:00.003+05:30

About the Universe of 10 Dimensions of String Theory.

Normally, we read about many higher dimensions in mathematics, but do you know how many dimensions exist in the universe? In physics, many theories explain their various number of dimensions. According to M-Theory, Bosonic String Theory and current String Theory (or Superstring Theory), there are 11, 26 and 10 dimensions respectively. Like this, in Hinduism, it is mentioned that there are 64 dimensions in the universe.

Some Information about the Dimension :-

Although we know that the fourth dimension is time according to the General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Physics, but still we don't know many things about it, because we are made up of 3-D, and we also live in a 3-dimensional world. According to scientists, we can go to every dimension and feel them, if we can convert our body into one dimension and make our body so small, which will be many times smaller than electrons, protons or neutrons. Because a string is only one dimensional thing, which can vibrate in every dimension.

We should also know that all lower dimensions are available in one higher dimension. And the nature of every dimension changes when it changes from lower to higher dimension.

Now, we will know something about string theory. It is a part of quantum physics and is a theory of "quantum gravity". String theory is a mathematical model and the main thing is, it is only a theory or we can say that it is an imagination and it is not practically proven. Here the name "string" comes from "particle physics", which means "one dimensional object".

Here we will discuss about different dimensions according to superstring theory.

Zeroth dimension :- Before knowing the universe of 10 dimensions of string theory, you should know about the zeroth dimension, because it is responsible for the formation of other dimensions. Hence, the zeroth dimension is a point, which has no length, width, and height. Imagine, if you live in a zeroth dimension, then you become stable and can't move anywhere.

Now, let us know about the universe of 10 dimensions. Before you know this, you should know that, this is a imagination of string theory and it is not practically proven.

First Dimension(1–D) :-

(1–D line)

The first dimension is nothing, it is only a length or in graphically, it is only an x-axis. The best example of 1-D is a straight line. If an organism lives in 1-D, then it can only move from right to left or from left to right, but it can't move towards up, down, forward or backward.

Second Dimension(2–D) :-

(2–D graph)

(2–D plane)

The second dimension has both length and width. It represents both the x-axis and the y-axis. The best example of 2-D is a plane. We can only measure area, length and width here. If an organism lives in 2-D, it can move towards left, right, forward and backward, but not up or down. Think, if we live in 2-D, then our body will be flat and we will not have any height.

Third Dimension(3–D) :-

(3–D graph)

(3–D cube)

The third dimension or 3-D consists of length, width and height. It represents the x, y and z-axis. Examples of 3-D are the cube, human, cat, tree, table, earth, planet, sun, etc., all things that are around us. We are all made of 3-D, so we have length, width and height, and we can move left, right, forward, backward, up and down. Here we can measure the volume.

Fourth Dimension(4–D) :-

(4-D structure)

Scientists say that the fourth dimension is time, which controls the properties of all matters at any given point. The general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics also show that the 4 dimension is time. We don't yet know everything about the fourth dimension, therefore, many scientists say that, when we know everything about it, we can travel in time, or, we can go from present to past or future, but still some paradoxes arise here, which can prevent going into the past. So, some scientists believe that if time travel is possible, we can only go in the future. But many scientists also say, time travel is never possible but in the near future it may be possible to see our future by machine.

(One directional motion of time)

This 4-D is also called the time dimension. Because of this dimension, we are going in the froward direction of time, i.e. from past to present and present to future.

Fifth Dimension(5–D) :-

From the fifth dimension, we get the idea of parallel universes. In this dimension we can see a different character of our own, which may be slightly different from us, or, in simple words, we can fulfill our different desires or choose different careers at a time. It means that if someone will be a singer in a world, then he / she will also be a player in another world at the same time.

(Parallel world)

"K" is a person who lives in both world-1 and world-2 at the same time with different abilities.

Sixth Dimension(6–D) :-

In this dimension we can see possible multiverse. Here we can compare all possible universes with each other that start with the same initial condition. Here we can choose many different careers, in our own separate world, and we can meet ourselves directly.

Seventh Dimension(7–D) :-

Each initial position or initial point of the multiverse in the seventh dimension starts at different times. This dimension can be considered as the zero dimension, in which all the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth dimensions are present and there will be infinitely many universes. Here we can learn about the possible universes that start from different initial positions.

Eighth Dimension(8–D) :-

The eighth dimension gives a plane to the possible universe of the seventh dimension. Simply we can say, the eighth dimension is a way of connecting two different seventh dimensional universes, where the law of physics is also different.

Ninth Dimension(9–D) :-

Here we can travel to every possible universe and we can able know about the history of every possible universe, where all are starting from different possible initial condition and whose laws of physics are different.

Tenth Dimension(10–D) :-

In the tenth dimension, we can become familiar with each and every possible law of the universe. We can do everything and travel everywhere within a few seconds. Everything is possible like God here.

Here again we confirm to you that this is just a theory and not practically proven, so never expect that it is really true until it is proven practically. After the fourth dimension, this theory confuses everyone and makes sense like unrealistic, hence this theory has been criticised by many.

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Best Figure Counting Tricks for Triangles, Squares, and Cubes.

2020-10-19T04:53:00.004+05:30

Best Figure Counting Tricks for Triangles, Squares, and Cubes.

With this trick, you can know the total number of triangles, squares and cubes from a figure and answer in 5seconds.

(1) Trick for triangle :-

(Figure–1)

Now, we will know how to find the total number of triangles from a big triangle if it is divided into several smaller triangles.

If a triangle is divided into n numbers of smaller triangles (the size of each of the smaller triangles may or may not be equal here), then we have a trick to find the total number of triangles (N), i.e :-

N = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .............. + n

Or, N = n(n+1)/2

Example–1

From Figure–1, n=3

The total number of triangles in Figure–1 (N) = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

Or, N = 3(3+1)/2

= 3×4/2 = 6

Example–2

(Figure–2)

From Figure–2, n=6

The total number of triangles in the figure (N) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 21

Or, N = 6(6+1)/2

= 6×7/2 = 21

(2) Trick for square :-

(Figure–3)

Here we will know how to find the number of total squares from a big square, if it is divided into several equal sizes of small squares.

If a square is divided into many equal sizes of small squares and has n number of small squares in a row, then we have a trick to find the total number of squares (N), i.e :-

N = 1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ............... + n²

Or, N = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6

Example–1

(Figure–4)

From this figure, n=3, then

The total number of squares (N) = 1² + 2² +3² = 14

Or, N = 3(3+1)(2×3+1)/6

= 3×4×7/6 = 14

Example–2

From Figure-3, n=6, then

The total number of squares in Figure-3 (N) = 1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + 5² + 6² = 91

Or, N = 6(6+1)(2×6+1)/6

= 6×7×13/6 = 91

(3) Trick for cube :-

(Figure-5)

Here we will know how to find out the total number of different cubes possible from a large cube, if it is divided into many equal sizes of small cubes.

If a cube is divided into many equal sizes of small cubes and contains n number of small cubes in a row, then we have a trick to find the total number of possible different cubes (N), i.e :-

N = 1³ + 2³ + 3³ + 4³ + .......... + n³

Or, N = {n(n+1)/2}²

Example–1

From Figure-5, n=2

Hence, the total number of possible cubes in Figure-5 (N) = 1³ + 2³ = 9

Or, N = {2(2+1)/2}²

= {2×3/2}² = {3}² = 9

Example–2

(Figure–6)

From this figure, n=3

Hence the total number of possible cubes (N) = 1³ + 2³ + 3³ = 36

Or, N = {3(3+1)/2}²

= {3×4/2}² = {6}² = 36

(Q) –> A question for you, if we cut a big dice like figure-6, then how many small cubes do we get from this dice ? (Ans : 27)

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Interesting Facts About Blue Whale And Total Scientific Classification Of It.

2020-10-13T03:27:00.009+05:30

Interesting Facts About Blue Whale And Total Scientific Classification Of It.

Common Name :- Blue whale (English)

Rorqual bleu (French)

Neelee vhel (Hindi)

Ballena azul (Spanish)

Siniy kit (Russian)

Kingdom :- Animalia

Scientific name :- Balaenoptera musculus

Type :- Mammal

Diet :- Carnivore

Size :- 82 to 105 feet

Weight :- 50,000 to 150,000 kg

Lifespan :- 80 to 90 years

The scientific classification of Blue whale:-

Kingdom :- Animalia

Subkingdom :- Eumetazoa

Clade :- Bilateria

Superphylum :- Deuterostomia

Phylum :- Chardata

Subphylum :- Vertebrata

Infraphylum :- Gnathostostomata

Superclass :- Tetrapoda

Class :- Mammalia

Clade :- Holotheria

Clade :- Trechnotheria

Clade :- Cladotheria

Clade :- Zatheria

Clade :- Tribosphenida

Subclass :- Theria

Clade :- Utheria

Infraclass :- Placentalia

Magnorder :- Boreoeutheria

Clade :- Laurasiatheria

Clade :- Scrotifera

Clade :- Ferungulata

Clade :- Ungulata

Order :- Artiodactyla

Clade :- Artiofabula

Clade :- Cetruminantia

Clade :- Cetancodontamorpha

Suborder :- Whippomorpha

Infraorder :- Cetacea

Parvorder :- Mysticeti

Superfamily :- Balaenopteroidea

Family :- Balaenopteridae

Genus :- Balaenoptera

Species :- B. musculus

This species is divided into 5 subspecies. These are :-

(1) Balaenoptera musculus musculus, Linnaeus, 1758 (These blue whales are found in the North Atlantic & North Pacific Ocean)

(2) Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, Burmeister, 1871 (These blue whales are found in the Southern Ocean)

(3) Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda, Ichihara, 1966 (These blue whales are found in the Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean)

(4) Balaenoptera musculus indica, Blyth, 1859 (These blue whales are found in the Northern Indian Ocean)

(5) Balaenoptera musculus (unnamed subspecies) (These blue whales are found in Chilean waters)

Blue whale is a marine mammal, because it lives in the ocean and feeds milk to its calf (baby blue whale) after giving birth. The Blue Whale is scientifically known as "Balaenoptera musculus" and goes under the family of Balaenopteridae. It has 5 known subspecies, which are:- B. m. musculus, B. m. intermedia, B. m. brevicauda, B. m. indica & B. m. (unnamed subspecies).

Size of Blue whale :-

The Blue Whale is the largest known creature in the world. They are also larger than dinosaurs. A blue whale can grow from 82 to 105 feet and the average weight of an adult blue whale is 50,000 to 150,000 kg. When people talk about the largeness of the blue whale, some people say that some blue whales are larger than 33 meters but according to the "Hydrodynamic" model, blue whales can't grow larger than 33 metres (108ft) because of metabolism and energy constraints. The longest scientifically measured individual blue whale from the IWC (International Whaling Commission) database was 29.9m (98ft) in length and weighed 173 tonnes.

The Blue Whale's tongue weighs as much as an elephant and its heart is as large as the size of a car, weighing about 590kg. But a blue whale's brain weighs about 6.92kg, which is about 0.007% of its total body.

Appearance of Blue whale :-

Blue whales appear blue under water. They have long, slender mottled blue-gray bodies. Their dorsal side appears grayish-blue with a beautiful mottling pattern of unique pigmentation, while their ventral side appears yellowish, and their heads are flat and they are long in shape.

Breeding of Blue whale :-

The Blue Whale gives birth to its baby in the starting of winter. A newborn calf weighs about 3 tons and is about 25 feet long. After birth, a baby blue whale drinks 400 liters of milk per day and it also gains 90 kilograms of weight per day. The length of a calf becomes double after 6 months, and between 5 and 15 years it becomes sexually mature.

Speed of Blue whale :-

The speed of a blue whale is very fast. One blue whale can reach speeds of 50km/h but normally they move at speeds of 20km/h, and around 5km/h when they feed their baby.

Some World Records of Blue Whale :-

They are the largest, most weighty tongue-bearing and biggest-hearted animals in the world. Many believe that the blue whale is the loudest animal in the world, but in real terms, the "Sperm whale" (its sound is louder than a jet sound and is about 230dB) is the loudest animal in the world, and the blue whale is in the second position (sound volume is about 188dB). Because of their loud sound, blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000 miles away. It is also said that the blue whale is the biggest-brained animal but in fact, the sperm whale is the biggest-brained animal in the world. The brain of a sperm whale is about 7.8kg while the brain of a blue whale is about 6.92kg.

Although the blue whale is a loud sound creator, it produces low frequency sounds between 10Hz and 40Hz, making them also the lowest sound frequency creator in the world. (According to "Hearing range wikipedia", whales can hear and communicate at very low sound frequency, which is lower than the frequency of elephants. And according to the "Whale vocalization wikipedia", the blue whale creates the lowest sound frequency among other whales.). The hearing range of a blue whale is 7Hz to 22kHz. A human can hear a sound frequency of 20Hz to 20kHz. Therefore, we can't hear the sound of blue whales. But sometimes people can hear the "whale song", created by the male blue whale, when it comes within the range of human auditory frequency. A blue whale can hear infrasonic sound, which is below 20Hz, so they can hear the sound produce from earthquakes, volcanoes & thunder.

Protection & Killing :-

Many blue whales and other whales were killed by humans, so an organization was created on 2 December 1946 to protect them, called the IWC (International Whaling Commission). According to the IWC, the global blue whale population is about 10,000 to 25,000. The IWC also says that between 1868 and 1978, 382,595 blue whales were caught. And around 1931, more than 29,000 blue whales were killed. Inspite of the creation of the IWC organization, many blue whales are affected and killed due to climate change, hunting, ship strike, ocean noise and pollution.

Some other Biological Information about Blue whale :-

Blue whales are mainly carnivorous and can eat up to 4 to 8 tons of krill per day. They also get about 480,000 kilocalories of energy from a mouth full of krill.

A blue whale has a heart rate of 25–37 beats per minute. Blue whales are marine mammals, they breathe air into their lungs, just like other mammals (e.g :- human, tiger, dog, etc). They do not have any gills, so they can't breathe underwater like other fish. They take atmospheric oxygen directly to their breath and they breathe through nostrils, called the blowhole, which are located on the top of their head. Once breathed in, a blue whale can hold its breath for 60 minutes to 90 minutes, which is a amezing fact.

The blue whale's sleeping system is similar to other whales. Mostly they sleep to rest at night and sometimes in the daytime. They sleep vertically or horizontally in water. According to some biologists, they sleep with one eye open and one half of their brain awake. Therefore, in their sleeping mode, they can control their breath, make sure to avoid predators, maintain social contact and continue swimming.

Blue whales live for many years like humans and the average lifespan of a blue whale is about 80 to 90 years.

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Interesting Facts About Rafflesia, The Largest Flower Genus In The World.

2020-10-02T05:37:00.003+05:30

Facts About Rafflesia, The Largest Flower Genus In The World

(Rafflesia flower)

Kingdom :- Plantae

Clade :- Tracheophytes

Clade :- Angiosperms

Clade :- Eudicots

Clade :- Rosids

Order :- Malpighiales

Family :- Rafflesiaceae

Genus :- Rafflesia

Rafflesia plants are a very rare type of plant in the world. Rafflesia is a genus of the largest flowering plant in the world and is a parasitic plant, which belongs to the family Rafflesiaceae. It is seen in Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Sumatra, Philippines and Malaysia. Rafflesia is called as Puspa langka ( which means rare flower ) or Padma paksasa ( which means giant flower ) in Indonesia and Bua phut in Thailand, and it is also the official state flower of Indonesia ( Rafflesia arnoldii, which was chosen as the state flower on World Environment Day in 1990 ) as well as Sabah state, in Malaysia and Surat Thani Province, in Thailand ( Rafflesia kerrii, which is called as Bua phut ).

History :-

The Rafflesia plant was first discovered by Louis Deschamps, a french surgeon and naturalist and it was first found in Java. The genus Rafflesia is named after Sir Stamford Raffles, who was the founder of the british colony of modern Singapore. In 2019, the Rafflesia flower (Rafflesia arnoldii) found in West Sumatra holds the world record as the world's largest flower. Its diameter was approximately 120cm and it broke the record of rafflesia flower found in 2017. Because it was 10cm wider than the flower found in 2017.

Some Other biological information about Rafflesia :-

The Rafflesia plant has no stems, leaves & roots and is a flower with five petals and the main thing is that it is a parasitic plant. Maximum time, it is seen that the rafflesia plant attaches itself to a host plant. It is seen only in the rainforest regions of Sumatra, Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and Thailand. Because it needs a huge amount of water and nutrients to grow.

Rufflesia flowers are unisexual. This flower is commonly known as "corpse flower" or "meat flower", as it looks & smells like rotting flesh. Many insects are attracted to this flower due to the smell of rotting flesh and carry pollen from female to male flower and vice versa.

A rafflesia flower takes about six to nine months to become a bud and then bloom. The average lifespan of this flower is 5 to 7 days. Because, after blooming, it takes 2 or 3 days to start decompose and then, after 5 to 7 days, completely decomposes.

Rafflesia flowers are known as the largest flowers in the world, because they are really very large, and a species of rafflesia, called Rafflesia arnoldii, is the largest flower in the world. It is about 100cm in diameter and weighs up to 10kg.

About some species of Rafflesia :-

There are about 28 species in the genus Rafflesia. The smallest species of Rafflesia is the Rafflesia baletei, whose flower is about 12cm in diameter, while the largest species is the Rafflesia arnoldii.

The world's largest blooming flower is Rafflesia arnoldii and is also the heaviest flower. The name "arnoldii" of Rafflesia arnoldii is derived from the name Joseph Arnold, the British naturalist.

The flower rafflesia is commonly referred to as the "corpse flower", but the name "corpse flower" is also name of "Carrion flower" (Titan arum), scientifically known as the Amorphophallus titanum and the family as Araceae . Many people make mistakes when they talk about the largeness of Amorphophallus titanum and Rafflesia arnoldii, but in fact Rafflesia arnoldii is the largest single blooming flower of any flowering plant in the world, while Amorphophallus titanum flower is the largest inflorescence in the world.

Some species of rafflesia, like Rafflesia keithii, it blooms at night and starts to decompose after 2 or 3 days. Scientists say that a species of rafflesia, called Rafflesia lagascae, has lost its chloroplast's genome and is believed to have been caused by a parasitic lifestyle.

Some species of rafflesia, which are found in the Philippines, are called Mindanao species. A Mindanao species called Rafflesia schadenbergiana is named after the naturalist Alexander Schadenberg, who first discovered this species in 1882. In the genus Rafflesia of the Mindanao species, Rafflesia mira and Rafflesia magnifica are two names of a single species. Because, they differ in size, so their name is also different.

Mainly, the species of rafflesia are named after its discoverer, or the name of a respected person, such as Rafflesia pricei, is named after William Price, who discovered this flower in 1960 and Rafflesia tengku-adlinii is named after Dr. Tengku D. Z. Adlin who was president of the Sabah Society and Chairman of Sabah Tourism Board in Malaysia.

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Interesting Facts About Bubblefish or Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae).

2020-09-23T23:59:00.012+05:30

Interesting Facts About Bubblefish or Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae)

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Chordata

Class :- Actinopterygii

Order :- Tetraodontiformes

Suborder :- Tetraodontoidei

Family :- Tetraodontidae (Scientific name)

Most Common Name :- Pufferfish

Size :- Up to 100c.m.

Diet :- Omnivore

Lifespan :- Approximately 10years

Bubblefish is the most commonly known as pufferfish. Bubblefish belongs to the family of Tetraodontidae. They are also known by various names such as "pufferfish", "sugar toad", "globefish", "toad fish", "balloonfish", swell fish", "honey toad", "sea squab" and "blowfish". There are about 200 known species in the Tetraodontidae family so far. Bubblefishes are very similar to "porcupine fish" and they are both called pufferfish, but porcupine fish belongs to the family of Diodontidae, which is different. The difference between bubblefish and porcupine fish is that porcupine fish have a large number of external spines, which are not seen, when they are normal but when they puff up their spines turn outward. But in the case of bubblefish, they have no such spine.

Living Place & History :-

These fish live in tropical & subtropical ocean waters and also in fresh & brackish water. And these fish are never seen in cold water. It has been observed that 35 species of the family Tetraodontidae live in fresh water. Bubblefish was known many years ago, and the oldest known genus of bubblefish is "Eotetraodon", known from fossils found in the Monte Bolca and Caucasus Mountains.

How poisonous is bubblefish ? :-

Bubblefish are known as the most poisonous fish in the world and are also the second most toxic vartebrates in the world after Poison Dart Frog, but some of them are less toxic. This fish is eaten in Japan and there it is called "Fugu" but before eating this fish some parts are removed such as fish's liver, skin, ovaries and eyes, because these parts contain a large amount of poison. Biologists say, bubblefishes have a powerful neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which is 1,200 times more toxic than cyanide. Biologists also believe that one bubblefish is sufficient to kill 30 adult humans and so far there is no known antidote for this poison. You can't believe that large quantities of bubblefishes are eaten in Japan, China and Korea. A fugu dish is up to 200dollars in Japan and 1,000 tonnes of fugu fish are eaten per year. Fugu comes in the top 10 dangerous food in the world and many people even die due to this food. The tetrodotoxin of bubblefish makes the tongue and lips dead, and causes dizziness and vomiting, and TTX also increases heartbeat, dicreases blood pressure and paralyzes muscles. And finally the affected man dies.

Characters for which bubblefish is famous :-

The stomach of the bubblefish is very elastic, when someone tries to catch it, it deposits a huge amount of water in its stomach and starts to puff up; But when it is outside of water, it deposits air in its stomach and puffs up until it becomes very large and almost spherical shape.

No other creature can eat bubblefish because of its tetrodotoxin (TTX) poison, but sharks & lizardfishes can eat them, because the bubblefish poison doesn't affect them.

Some species of bubblefishes have chameleon like abilities, because they can move their eyes indipendently and some can change their color or patterns on their body with environmental changes.

Pufferfish (or bubblefish) is an amazing creature in the world, because a male fish creates a complex geometrical design with the help of sand to attract a female fish. Therefore, a species of bubblefish, called Torquigener albomaculosus, was called "the greatest artist of the animal kingdom" by David Attenborough.

Some biological information about bubblefish :-

Bubblefish are generally small in size but some species of this fish can grow up to 100 cm. It moves much slower than other fishes and its locomotion depends on pectoral, anal, dorsal & caudal fins (i.e:- tail fins). It can change its movement direction with the help of the caudal fins. It is seen that the bubblefish has 4 teeth (two in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw), which are very strong. They chew and eat their food. They can also easily break crabs and mollusks to eat. The reproductive system of bubblefish is similar but some species differ according to their environment. Bubblefish eggs are spherical and buoyant. They are generally omnivorous, and eat algae & invertebrates as their food. And the average life time of bubblefish is about 10 years.

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Why does sea water look blue ? Know some scientific reasons.

2020-09-16T02:42:00.004+05:30

Why does sea water look blue ?

(Blue water in the Sea)

Small amounts of water look colorless and large amounts of water are also colorless and clean, as water is always colorless but there are some reasons why large amounts of water look blue such as lakes, seas and swimming pools. We all know that there is no color of water but still the water of sea, lake and swimming pool looks blue. Why does this happen ? Let's come to know some scientific reasons behind it.

Actually, the color of pure water is very slightly blue, therefore, it looks blue when we increase its thickness and volume. So, this is the reason why swimming pool water and sea water look blue.

Now, coming to the 2nd reason, we know that water has no color and it is clean but when a light falls on it, it reflects that light easily. So, we can say that blue color of sea is also due to reflection of sky, since sky is blue.

Now, another reason is very interesting and this is the main reason. We all know that sunlight is a mixture of 7 different colors. These are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (in short form VIBGYOR), where the wavelength of light decreases from red to violet. So the red light has the longest wavelength while the violet has the shortest wavelength. And we should also know that the color of light is divided into two parts, where one is the red part of the light spectrum ( red, orange, yellow and green are longer wavelength light, which come under the red part of the light spectrum) and another is the blue part of the light spectrum (blue, Indigo and violet are shorter wavelength light, which come under the blue part of the light spectrum). When light falls on the ocean, the water molecules absorb the red part of the light spectrum while the blue part is not absorbed by the water molecules and it (the blue part) is scattered by these molecules in the water. Therefore, the water of the sea, lake and swimming pool looks blue.

Why do some of the ocean and lake places look dark, blueish-green or green and muddy instead of blue?

A question arises when we say, the ocean is blue, that is ; Why do some of the ocean and lake places look dark, blueish-green or green and muddy instead of Blue?

(Blue water)

(Dark water)

(Green water)

(Muddy water)

Now, let's know the reasons for this. Hardly any light penetrates to a depth of more than 200 meters (656 feet), but according to the study, sunlight can penetrate into the ocean up to 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) and not exceed. So, after a depth of 1,000 meters, the light cannot reach much, therefore, this place of the ocean looks dark. And some places in the lake and ocean also have some type of matter in their water, which can absorb all kinds of light, so their water looks dark.

Some places of ocean and lake appear blueish-green or green, because of micro and macro-organisms and mineral particles present in the water (also known as "colored dissolved organic matter" or CDOM). And the last one is the muddy color of water. Generally, the muddy color appears in lake water (also in river and estuary water) and this is due to the silt present in it.

Why do we study about the color of the ocean?

The study of the color of the ocean is very useful for us, because the study of the color of the ocean helps scientists learn about phytoplankton and their effect on the earth system and it sometimes helps to know about the depth of the ocean.

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Interesting Facts About Hoodwinker Sunfish (Mola tecta).

2020-09-14T01:59:00.004+05:30

Interesting Facts About Hoodwinker Sunfish (Mola tecta)

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Chordata

Subphylum :- Vertebrata

Class :- Actinopterygii

Order :- Tetraodontiformes

Family :- Molidae

Genus :- Mola

Species :- tecta

Lives in :- Water

Diet :- Carnivore

The hoodwinker sunfish is scientifically known as Mola tecta. Where "Mola" is the genus and "tecta" is the species. "Mola" comes from the Latin word "molae", which means "millstone" and "tecta" is also a Latin word, which means "hidden". The term "tecta" has been taken as the name of its species, because it looks very similar to its other sunfish species and is very difficult to find. It is a newly discovered organism, which is a species of sunfish. It was discovered in 2015, on a beach near Christchurch, New Zealand. Marianne Nyegaard was the first scientist to describe Mola tecta when she was researching about Ocean sunfish for her PhD, in 2017. Mola tecta is found mainly in the seas of the temperate region of the Southern Hemisphere near New Zealand, Chile, Australia & Southern Africa.

Hoodwinker Sunfish (Mola tecta)

History :-

Three types of species fall under the family molidae such as Mola mola, Mola alexandrini ( Also known as Mola ramsayi ) and Mola tecta. The first molidae family was found in 1758, when Mola mola was found (commonly known as Ocean sunfish). In 1883, Mola alexandrini was found and Mola tecta was found in 2015.

Shape and Size of Mola tecta :-

Mola tecta is a flat and almost symmetrical oval shaped fish like other sunfish. Its maximum length is about 7.9 feet. Its body is smooth and there are no lumps on its body. The Mola tecta fins have no spine and they have no tail fin ( also known as cadual fin). The dorsal color of Mola tecta is black while its ventral color is white. It is larger than its other sunfish species. It can grow up to 3 meters in length and up to 2 tonnes in weight.

Biological Information :-

Mola tecta is a carnivorous sunfish. It eats salps and nectonic siphonophore. Parasites are found in large quantities in a dissected Mola tecta. They also have different reproductive organs. The ovary of the female Mola tecta is singular and ball-shaped while the male has a pair of testis.

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Facts about Aqua regia.

2020-09-02T06:08:00.003+05:30

Facts about Aqua regia

The name "Aqua regia" is a latin word, which means "royal water" or "regal water". Its name is "Aqua regia" because royal metals of the periodic table, such as gold and platinum, can dissolve in it. Aqua regia can dissolve noble metals such as gold and platinum, but it can't dissolve tantalum, iridium, and some other metals.

(Aqua regia solution in a beaker)

Aqua regia is a very strong acid. It is a chemical composition of nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a 1:3 molar ratio.

About the Father of Aqua regia :-

Aqua Regia was discovered by "Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan" (also known as "Jabir ibn Hayyan" and "Gaber"). He was a Persian alchemist. (He is also known as the father of chemistry). Geber was discovered aqua regia around the year 800AD, when he mixed common salt (NaCl) with vitriol [ Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was known as "vitriol" in encient times ]. This was the way that the alchemist tried to find aqua regia at that time.

Formation and Decomposition of Aqua regia :-

The chemical reaction of concentrated HNO3 and HCl gives water and volatile products such as nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) and chlorine gas. So that the aqua regia appears smoky and yellow color.

HNO3(aq) + 3 HCl(aq) ➝ HOCl(g) + Cl2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

When volatile products escape from aqua regia, it loses its energy and nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) decomposes into nitric oxide & chlorine gas.

2 NOCl (g) ➝ 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)

The smoke over the aqua regia is a combination of chlorine gas and nitrogen dioxide gas. Here nitrogen dioxide gas is produced from nitric oxide. After nitric oxide is formed, it reacts with atmospheric oxygen to give nitrogen dioxide.

2 NO(g) + O2(g) ➝ 2 NO2(g)

Reaction of Aqua regia :-

(1) Dissolving of Gold :-

When we add gold to an aqua regia solution, it gives chloroauric acid, nitrogen dioxide (or, nitric oxide), hydronium ion and water.

Au(s) + 3 HNO3(aq) + 4 HCl(aq) ⇌ [AuCl4]¯(aq) + 3 NO2(g) + [H3O]^+(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

Or,

Au(s) + HNO3(aq) + 4 HCl(aq) ⇌ [AuCl4]¯(aq) + NO(g) + [H3O]^+(aq) + H2O(l)

This is how gold dissolves in aqua regia solution.

(2) Dissolving of Platinum :-

Platinum also reacts with aqua regia. When platinum reacts with aqua regia it gives chloroplatinous acid (H2PtCl4), nitrosoplatinic chloride ((NO)2PtCl4) & water.

2 Pt(s) + 2 HNO3(aq) + 8 HCl(aq) ➝ (NO)2PtCl4(s) + H2PtCl4(aq) + H2O(l)

Again, (NO)2PtCl4 reacts with HCl and gives chloroplatinous acid & nitrosyl chloride.

(NO)2PtCl4(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ⇌ H2PtCl4(aq) + 2 NOCl(g)

Chloroplatinous acid can again be oxidised to chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), when it is heated with chlorine gas.

H2PtCl4(aq) + Cl2(g) ➝ H2PtCl6(aq)

This is the process in which platinum dissolves into aqua regia.

(3) Reaction with Tin :-

Aqua regia also reacts with tin to give tin(IV)chloride, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide & water.

Sn + 4 HCl + 2 HNO3 ➝ SnCl4 + NO2 + NO + 3 H2O

(4) Reaction with Iron pyrite (FeS2) :-

When aqua regia reacts with iron pyrite, it gives nitric oxide, sulphuric acid, ferric chloride and water.

FeS2 + 5 HNO3 + 3 HCl ➝ FeCl3 + 2 H2SO4 + 5 NO + 2 H2O

Some Other Information About Aqua regia :-

(Chemical formula of Aqua regia)

The chemical formula of aqua regia is HNO3 + 3 HCl. It looks as a red, orange or yellow fuming liquid. Its melting point and boiling point are 231K and 381K respectively. The IUPAC name of aqua regia is nitric acid hydrochloride. It is also known as nitrohydrochloric acid and royal water.

Use of Aqua regia (Application) :-

Aqua regia is mainly used in the extraction and purification of gold and platinum (it gives 99.99% of pure gold and platinum). It is also used in metal etching and analytical processes.

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About Herpetology and The Difference Between Herpetology & Ophiology

2020-08-28T01:22:00.003+05:30

About Herpetology and The Difference Between Herpetology & Ophiology.

Herpetology is a branch of zoology that deals with the study of reptiles and amphibians, or more simply it can be termed as the study of "ectothermic tetrapods" ( or cold-blooded tetrapods). Where snakes, crocodiles, tortoises, lizards, terrapins & amphisbaenians are reptiles and frogs, salamanders, newts & toads are amphibians. The word herpetology comes from two Greek words, one is "herpeton", meaning "reptile" or "creeping animal" and the other is "logia", meaning "knowledge". Herpetology was invented by "Laurence Monroe Klauber", an American scientist.

(amphibians)

(reptiles)

Let us now know that the difference between herpetology and opiology :-

(1)👉 Herpetology is the branch of zoology, but ophiology is the branch of herpetology.

(2)👉 Herpetology deals with the study of reptiles and amphibians while ophiology deals with the study of snakes.

(3)👉 The word herpetology comes from two Greek words, one is "herpeton", which means "reptile" or "creeping animal" and another is "logia", means "knowledge" while ophiology is a combination of two Greek words, one is "ophis", which means "snake" and the other "logia" means "knowledge" or "study of".

( Animals that come under Herpetology. )

( Animals that come under Ophiology. )

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Mathematical tricks of multiplication and square.

2020-08-23T05:55:00.003+05:30

MATHEMATICAL TRICKS OF MULTIPLICATION AND SQUARE

Multiplication is very very essential for every person and competitive students. In competitive exam we take a lot of time to calculate the square of a number or a multiplication of two numbers but with these tricks we can easily calculate the multiplication or squares of any number within 5 to 10 seconds.

You have to keep these tricks in your mind for easy multiplication.

Let's know the tricks :-

(1) Tricks–1 :-

When any number has 5 at its unit place, we can easily find the square of its number by applying this trick.

Suppose "★5" is any number whose unit place is always 5 and "★" refers to the number of any digit ("★" is any number and can be a one, two or more than two digit number). Now to calculate (★5)², first we have to calculate the multiplication of "★" & "(★+1)" [ i.e :- ★×(★+1)=y ] and then 5×5 [ i.e :- 5×5=5²=25 ]. So that the square of the number "★5" is always "y25" [ i.e :- (★5)²=y25 ].

Look at this picture to know more easily:-

∴ (★5)²=y25

Example-1

For the number 35. It will be :-

∴ (35)²=1225

Example-2

For the number 105. It will be :-

∴ (105)²=11025

(2) Tricks–2 :-

In this trick, we will calculate the square of any two-digit number. Remember, this trick will only work for any two-digit number. So let's consider that "xy" is a two-digit number, where x & y are the two digits of the number "xy".

Now, we will calculate the value of (xy)².

Suppose, x²=ab, y²=cd

& x×y×2=efg [ Here we have taken the total numbers seen in (xy)² for multiplication. ]

Here a, c, e & f can sometimes be zero or not.

Now look at the image, where we have to write these values :-

∴ (xy)² = summation result (R).

Example-1

For (43)²

Here 4²=16, 3²=09 & 4×3×2=024

∴ from above (43)²=1849

Example-2

For (21)²

Here 2²=04, 1²=01 & 2×1×2=004

∴ (21)²=441

Example-3

For (97)²

Here 9²=81, 7²=49 & 9×7×2=126

∴ (97)²=9409

With the help of the above trick, we can calculate the square of any two-digit number within 5 to 10 seconds.

N.B :- We have written many things here, by which this trick looks big, because we want you to understand this trick easily. Therefore, when you apply the trick, you should not write simple calculations like 4²=16, 3²=09 and 4×3×2=024, which are seen in Example-1. So you should do these calculations in your mind and put them directly and then add them to get the result.

(3) Trick–3 :-

This trick works for any number, multiplied by the largest number of any digit, such as 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 99999, etc. [ i.e :- One is any number, while the other is a number with 9 each digit ].

N.B :- This trick works when the second number ( the number whose every digit is 9 ) contains more digits than the first number.

See the examples to know more easily:-

Example-1

Let us consider that the numbers are 7 and 9999. See these steps for calculating multiplication:-

Step–1 :- Take equal number of digits from each side. Such as 9 from 9999 and 7 from the other side.

Step–2 :- Multiply 7 with 9. i.e :- 7×9=63.

Step–3 :- Take 6 from the number 63 and write this after the 'equal' (=) sign.

Step–4 :- Now after 6, write these ninas, which are in the circle.

Step–5 :- Now take 3 from 63 and write this after nines. Here the trick is completed. So 7×9999=69993.

See more other examples:-

Example–2

Example–3

Example–4

N.B :- It is very easy to calculate the multiplication of the 1st one digit number with the 2nd larger number, but it is difficult to calculate the multiplication of the 1st number with the 2nd larger number when they contain two or more digits, like Example-3 and 4. So look the next trick for this.

(4) Trick–4 :-

To calculate hard multiplication of Trick-3 (Like example-3 & 4) in an easy way, look here:-

Look the steps of this trick.

(5) Trick–5 :-

See again trick-4 If two numbers contain the same number of digits, then we have a trick to calculate multiplication. Look at this trick:-

(6) Trick–6 :-

See here to calculate hard multiplication in an easy way. Here you have to calculate multiplication by using your own mind, or you have to know the situation and use these tricks. We have given some examples here, look these:-

Example-1

208×9999998

=208×(10000000–2)

=2080000000–416
=2079999584

Example-2

6507×71

=(6000+500+7)×71

=(426000+35500+497)

=461997

Example-3

507×493

=(500+7)(500–7) [ By using the algebraic formula (a+b)(a–b)=a²–b² ]

=(500)²–(7)²

=250000–49

=249951

Example-4

200003×200003

=(200003)²

=(200000+3)² [ By using the algebraic formula (a+b)²=a²+b²+2ab ]

=40000000000+9+1200000

=40001200009

Example-5

697×697

=(697)²
=(700–3)² [ By using the algebraic formula (a–b)²=a²+b²–2ab ]
=490000+9–4200
=490009–4200
=485809

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Interesting Facts About The Superb-bird-of-paradise (Lophorina superba).

2020-08-09T19:12:00.005+05:30

Facts About An Interesting And Beautiful Bird Superb-bird-of-paradise.

(Picture of Superb-bird-of-paradise)

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Chordata

Class :- Aves

Order :- Passeriformes

Family :- Paradisaeidae

Genus :- Lophorina

Species :- superba

Scientific name :- Lophorina superba

Diet :- Omnivore

Lifespan :- 5–8 years

About The Superb-bird-of-paradise :-

The superb-bird-of-paradise is also known as "Greater lophorina" and "Greater superb-bird-of-paradise". Its scientific name is "Lophorina superba". These birds are seen in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. These are very rare types of birds and it was considered that they are only one species in their genus but in 2017 their two new species were found. The other two species are "Lophorina minor" and "Lophorina niedda".

It is sometime very difficult to know the difference between "Lophorina superba" and "Lophorina niedda".

The superb-birds-of-paradise are famous for their courtship dance of males. A male superb-bird-of-paradise makes a loud sound to call a female bird, after approaching a female, the male bird becomes excited and spreads out his black feathers into a spectacular elliptical shape, puffs out his chest and starts a dance to attract her. If the male is good at her, then the female bird accepts him.

These birds are polygynous and mate with more than one female. The female superb-bird-of-paradise produces 1 to 3 eggs.

After birth, a male superb-bird-of-paradise takes 4–7 years for his complete development of feathers for courtship dance. It is a small and 26 cm long bird. The life span of this bird is about 5–8 years. They are "omnivorous", because they eat fruits, insects and also hunt larger animals like frogs, snakes and small birds.

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Interesting Facts About The Platypus | Zoological Facts About The Platypus.

2020-08-08T02:11:00.007+05:30

Interesting Facts About The Platypus

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Chordata

Class :- Mammalia

Order :- Monotremata

Family :- Ornithorhynchidae

Genus :- Ornithorhynchus

Species :- anatinus

Scientific name :- Ornithorhynchus anatinus

Diet:- Carnivore

Lifespan:- 23 years

Lives in:- Both water and land

Description about the Platypus :-

It is a semiaquatic egg-laying mammal. Because it lives in both water & land and it lays eggs & feeds milk to its puggle (Baby platypus). So it's a very rare type of species in the world. The scientific name of platypus is Ornithorhynchus anatinus. And sometime it is also called as "duck-billed platypus". It is only surviving representative of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus).

(Pics of Platypus)

The platypus is the only mammal that lays eggs rather than gives birth to a child. They have eyes, but despite this they do not use their eyes under water maximum time. Because they have electroreception (which works like a radar) capability, by which they can more easily know the objects and organisms around them. The platypus has an average body temperature of 32°C while that of other mammals has a body temperature of about 37°C.

The platypus are carnivorous but the sad news is that they have no teeth and they chew their food by the help of gravel bits. The weight of the platypus varies from 0.7kg to 2.4kg and males are larger than females. The length of males and females is about 20 inches & 17 inches. The platypus can live for about 23 years. They live in the small streams and rivers of Australia's "Australian Alps" & "Tasmania" and are also seen in some other places in Eastern Australia.

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Interesting Facts About The Atlas Moth. And its lifestyle.

2020-08-05T18:28:00.011+05:30

Facts About The Atlas Moth

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- Arthropoda

Class :- Insecta

Order :- Lepidoptera

Family :- Saturniidae

Genus :- Attacus

Species :- atlas

Scientific Name :- Attacus atlas

Diet :- Herbivore (in larva stage)

Life Span :- 1–2 weeks

Atlas moth is a rare insect found on trees in spring and summer. The scientific name of atlas moth is "Attacus atlas". The name "Atlas" in this name refers to many meanings, like the map on its wings and the snake head figures on its wings. It is one of the largest lepidopterans (both butterflies and moths are collectively referred to as lepidopterans), with wingspan of 9.4 inches and wing surface area of about 25 inches ². Here females are larger and heavier than males.

(Pics of Atlas Moths)

The atlas moths have no mouth and they don't eat once they have emerged from the cocoon and they depend on storing fat for energy. Therefore they have a very short lifespan and can live up to one to two weeks. Their wings look like snake heads, which protect them from enemies. It's the largest moth in the world in terms of wing surface area. These are seen in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. In India, atlas moths are cultivated for their silk and in Taiwan the atlas moth's cocoons are used as purses.

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Umbonia spinosa Facts | A Beautiful Insect Bug Espino.

2020-08-03T03:30:00.007+05:30

Beautiful insect Umbonia spinosa

(Pics of Bug Espino)

Umbonia spinosa is a scientific name of bug Espino. It is a beautiful & attractive insect. It is some time called as a Thorn bug, because its horn resembles a thorn. It is famous for its appearance of dorsal horn. Dorsal side colour of bug espino is yellow, blue or light green, with each side of red, black or yellow vittae.

They have 6 legs like other insects. They are herbivorous and eat the plants on which they live. These are seen in Central and South America, Mexico, Florida and Asia.

Kingdom :- Animalia

Phylum :- thropoda

Class :- Insecta

Family :- Membracidae

Genus :- Umbonia

Species / Scientific name :- Umbonia spinosa

Diet :- Herbivore

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Comparison between Light & Sound | Similarity and Difference between Light and Sound.

2020-07-30T12:15:00.013+05:30

Similarity and Difference between Light and Sound.

(Light and Sound Waves)

Similarity :-

(1)👉 Both light and sound are forms of energy.

(2)👉 They both have wave nature.

(3)👉 Both light and sound have properties of wavelength, frequency and amplitude.

(4)👉 The reflection laws of light and sound are same. i.e.–

(I) The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

(II) The reflected sound ( reflected ray for light), the incident sound (incident ray for light) and the normal belong in the same plane.

(Here i= Angle of incident sound wave and r= Angle of reflection)

(Reflection of Sound)

(Here 𝞱i = Angle of incident ray and 𝞱r =Angle of reflection)

(Reflection of Light)

Difference :-

(1)👉 The most common difference between light and sound is that we can see light and we can hear sound.

(2)👉 Both are energy but sound is a mechanical energy and light is a electromagnetic energy.

(3)👉 Sound has only wave property but light has both wave & particle nature.

(4)👉 Light is a transverse wave while sound is a longitudinal wave.

(5)👉 Light doesn't require a medium and it also travels in a vacuum. But sound needs a medium to travel.

(6)👉 Light is faster than sound, where the speed of light is 299,792,458 m/s (≈ 300,000,000 m/s = 3×10⁸ m/s), which is the highest light speed in space or vacuum and the speed of sound is about 343 m/s (in dry air at +20°C). But in diamond the speed of sound is about 12,000 m/s. The speed of sound depends on the density of medium & temperature.

(7)👉 Light becomes slow down in denser media (which happens due to quantum jump). But the sound gets faster in denser media. (effective vibration tension rising faster than effective mass density).

(8)👉 Sound can pass through any solid substance. But light can't pass through solid matter but it can pass through glass.

(9)👉 In vacuum the speed of light is 3×10⁸ m/s but the speed of sound in vacuum is zero, as sound can't travel in vacuum. Because sound spreads through the vibration of particles in a medium, like water, air or in any solid.

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(a+b)^2 and (a-b)^2 proof | Why (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2 ? Why (a-b)2=a2+b2-2ab ? — Proof by two different methods

2020-07-27T21:20:00.006+05:30

Proof of (a+b)² & (a–b)² by Two Different Methods.

We know that

(a+b)² = a²+2ab+b²

(a–b)² = a²–2ab+b²

But when someone asks how did you get these formulas ? Then, we have to show their proof.

Let us prove these formulas. Here we will prove these formulas in two different ways one is algebraic method and another is geometric method.

Proof of (a+b)² by method–1 :-

(a+b)² = (a+b)(a+b)

= a(a+b)+b(a+b) [Distributive law]

= a.a+a.b+b.a+b.b [Distributive law]

= a²+ab+ba+b²

= a²+ab+ab+b² [Commutative law]

= a²+2ab+b²

∴ (a+b)² = a²+2ab+b²

Proof of (a+b)² by method–2 :-

Suppose, ABCD is a square. Take a point E on AD.

Where AE=a & ED=b

Then, draw a line from the point E, Which will be parallel to CD and it will join F on BC.

Again take a point G on AB.

Where AG=b & GB=a

Then, draw a line from the point G, which will be parallel to AD and meet at H on CD.

From the figure :-

The area of AEIG = ab

The area of EIHD = b²

The area of GBFI = a²

The area of IFCH = ab

& the area of ABCD = (a+b)(a+b)

= (a+b)²

Hence from above, the summation of all small areas = Area of ABCD.

Hence (a+b)² = ab+b²+a²+ab

= a²+2ab+b²

∴ (a+b)² = a²+2ab+b²

Proof of (a–b)² by method–1 :-

(a–b)² = (a–b)(a–b)

= a(a–b)–b(a–b) [Distributive law]

= a.a–a.b–b.a+b.b [Distributive law]

= a²–ab–ba+b²

= a²–ab–ab+b² [Commutative law]

= a²–2ab+b²

∴ (a–b)² = a²–2ab+b²

Proof of (a–b)² by method–2 :-

Let us consider, ABCD is a square whose measurement on one side is "a". Hence AD=a.

Take a point E on the line AD, whose distance is "b" from D. Hence ED=b.

Then, obviously

AE=AD–ED

= (a–b)

Hence from above

AD=a, ED=b & AE=(a–b)

Now, draw a line from point E, parallel to CD and join point F on BC.

Again take a point G on AB, where AG=b. Now, draw a line from point G, parallel to AD and join at a point H on CD.

From the figure :-

The area of AGIE = b(a–b)

= ab–b² = A1

The area of IFCH = b(a–b)

= ab–b² = A2

The area of EIHD = b² = A3

The area of ABCD = a²

The area of GBFI = (a–b)(a–b)

= (a–b)²

We can also write that the area of GBFI = Area of ABCD – (A1+A2+A3)

=> (a–b)² = a² –(ab–b²+ab–b²+b²)

= a² –(2ab–b²)

= a²–2ab+b²

∴ (a–b)² = a²–2ab+b²

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Interesting facts about trees and plants | Carnivorous plant | About Touch me not plant | Tallest tree | Biggest tree | Tallest grass | Most toxic tree.

2020-07-26T17:25:00.016+05:30

Interesting facts about trees and plants.

Venus Flytrap :-

The Venus flytrap is a rare type of plant that can eat small flying insects and arachnids. So we can call this plant as carnivorous. Its scientific name is Dionaea muscipula. These plants are mainly found in North Carolina and South Carolina of United States.

(Venus Flytrap plant)

The leaves of the Venus flytrap plant are always open but when an insect gets inside it, its tiny hairs ( also called as "trigger hairs" or "sensitive hairs" ) close and after some time the insect dies and the plant gets energy and nutrients from the dead pests.

Like Venus Flytrap, Pitcher plant ( Nepenthes ) and English Sundew plant ( Drosera anglica ) are also carnivorous.

(Pitcher plant)

(English Sundew plant)

Pine Tree :-

The scientific name of pine tree is Pinus ( Genus ). There are about 111 species of pine trees such as Pinus densata, Pinus nigra, Pinus mugo, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus resinosa etc. The pine trees are mainly found in the northern hemisphere of the world such as Russia, North America, South-East Asia, China and Europe.

(Pine tree)

The pine tree is a type of tree that gives the most oxygen to the atmosphere. In the list of most oxygen release trees, pine tree tops the list and this is possible due to their low leaf area index.

Redwood Tree :-

The scientific name of redwood tree is Sequoia sempervirens. These trees are mainly seen in California. Redwoods are said to be the tallest tree in the world, as these trees can easily grow up to 300 ft (91 m).

(Redwood tree)

A redwood tree named Hyperion was discovered in 2006, setting a world record as the tallest tree in the world. Hyperion has a height of 115.8 m (380 ft) and is still alive.

(The Redwood tree Hyperion)

Touch-Me-Not plant :-

Touch-me-not is a plant which is also called as "Shame plant", "Action plant", "Sensitive plant", "Sleepy plant", "Zombie plant", "Shy lady" and "Shy plant" also. The scientific name of touch-me-not is Mimosa pudica.

(Touch-me-not plant)

The plant touch-me-not is seen in South Asia, East Asia, South Africa and also in Southern United States. It is a rare type of plant in the plant kingdom. When we touch or shake this plant or its leaves, the leaves fold inward & drop and re-open automatically after 3 or 5 minutes.

Bamboo :-

The word "bamboo" comes from the Dutch and Portuguese languages. Bamboo belongs to the plant kingdom but it goes under the family of grass not tree. There are about 115 families and 1300 species of bamboo worldwide. Bamboos are generally found in South America, Southeast Asia, and the Southeast part of the United States.

(Bamboo)

Bamboos are the biggest & tallest grass and also fastest growing species of plant kingdom in the world. Giant Bamboo is the largest & tallest bamboo in the world. They are seen in Southeast Asia. The scientific name of Giant Bamboo is Dendrocalamus giganteus.

(Giant Bamboo)

Giant Sequoia :- .

The Giant Sequoia is also known as "Wellingtonia", "Giant Redwood" and "Sierran Redwood". Its scientific name is Sequoiadendron giganteum. These trees are found in Western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains of California.

(Giant Sequoia)

Giant Sequoia trees are famous for their largeness. The largest tree in the world is also a Giant Sequoia, in Sequoia National Park, California. Its name is General Sherman. This tree is about 1,487 cubic meters in volume.

Baobab :-

The tree baobabs are seen in Madagascar, Africa and Australia but baobabs in Madagascar are very well known because of their unique style.

(Baobab tree)

There are six species of baobabs in Madagascar but the species grandidieri is very famous. These trees are also called as Grandidier's baobab. Its scientific name is Adansonia grandidieri. These trees are famous for their largeness and unique view. These trees can grow upto 31 meters tall and 10.5 meters wide. You can't believe that due to their largeness, these trees can store nearly 32,000 gallons of water in their trunks.

Manchineel Tree :-

The manchineel tree is also known as "Beach Apple tree" and in Spanish language "Manzanilla de la muerte" (It means "little apple of death"). Its scientific name is Hippomane mancinella.

(Manchineel tree )

These trees are seen from North America to South America. The tree manchineel is known for its toxicness. It is the most dangerous and poisonous tree in the world according to the Guinness Book of World Records.

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Scientific facts:- Unbelievable science facts.

Finger millet, a very rare type of food.

Finger millet

Suitable Place for Finger millet :-

Use of Finger millet :-

Baseball plant facts.

Baseball plant facts.

What are the seven colors of light ?

What are the seven colors of light ?

Why are white light and black (or dark) not the colors of light ? :-

How is the area of ​​the circle πr² ?

How is the area of ​​the circle πr² ?

Interesting Facts About Bird Northern Cardinal.

Interesting Facts About Bird Northern Cardinal.

Appearance :-

Diet :-

Some Other Information About Northern cardinal :-

USA and Northern cardinal :-

Interesting Facts about Long pepper.

Interesting Facts about Long pepper.

Interesting Facts about Bitter gourd.

Interesting Facts about Bitter gourd.

Appearance :-

Interesting Facts about Black Turmeric.

Interesting Facts about Black Turmeric

Comparison between Common Turmeric and Black Turmeric :-

Use of Black Turmeric :-

About the Universe of 10 Dimensions of String Theory.

About the Universe of 10 Dimensions of String Theory.

Some Information about the Dimension :-

First Dimension(1–D) :-

Second Dimension(2–D) :-

Third Dimension(3–D) :-

Fourth Dimension(4–D) :-

Fifth Dimension(5–D) :-

Sixth Dimension(6–D) :-

Seventh Dimension(7–D) :-

Eighth Dimension(8–D) :-

Ninth Dimension(9–D) :-

Tenth Dimension(10–D) :-

Best Figure Counting Tricks for Triangles, Squares, and Cubes.

Best Figure Counting Tricks for Triangles, Squares, and Cubes.

(1) Trick for triangle :-

(2) Trick for square :-

(3) Trick for cube :-

Interesting Facts About Blue Whale And Total Scientific Classification Of It.

Interesting Facts About Blue Whale And Total Scientific Classification Of It.

Size of Blue whale :-

Appearance of Blue whale :-

Breeding of Blue whale :-

Speed of Blue whale :-

Some World Records of Blue Whale :-

Protection & Killing :-

Some other Biological Information about Blue whale :-

Interesting Facts About Rafflesia, The Largest Flower Genus In The World.

Facts About Rafflesia, The Largest Flower Genus In The World

History :-

Some Other biological information about Rafflesia :-

About some species of Rafflesia :-

Interesting Facts About Bubblefish or Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae).

Interesting Facts About Bubblefish or Pufferfish (Tetraodontidae)

Living Place & History :-

How poisonous is bubblefish ? :-

Characters for which bubblefish is famous :-

Some biological information about bubblefish :-

Why does sea water look blue ? Know some scientific reasons.

Why does sea water look blue ?

Why do some of the ocean and lake places look dark, blueish-green or green and muddy instead of blue?

Why do we study about the color of the ocean?

Interesting Facts About Hoodwinker Sunfish (Mola tecta).

Interesting Facts About Hoodwinker Sunfish (Mola tecta)

History :-

Shape and Size of Mola tecta :-

Biological Information :-

Facts about Aqua regia.

Facts about Aqua regia

About the Father of Aqua regia :-

Formation and Decomposition of Aqua regia :-

Reaction of Aqua regia :-

Some Other Information About Aqua regia :-

How is the area of the circle πr² ?

How is the area of the circle πr² ?