Tee Off With Joe

Second SDS application

2026-10-19T05:42:10.951-04:00

We have reached the requisite days since our first Spring Dead Spot (SDS) application to make our second, which was applied today.

The key driver for both applications is soil temperatures. The trigger is when the soil temperature drops below 65 degrees for 5 consecutive days. This year, that happened for us at the end of September. Once the first application is made, the second needs to follow 21-28 days later depending on the soil temperature trends. If the soils warm back up and stay warm, then we would aim for the 28-day interval. However, if the soils continue to cool down more or stay close to or just below their mark from the first application, then we would apply closer to the 21-day interval or just after. Either way, we don’t want the second application to extend beyond the 28-day interval, or the fungus population can climb back too high for adequate control.

Despite the record warmth we had for a couple of days last week, the soil temperatures only spiked slightly, and now with the cold weekend, they have dropped back down well into range for the second SDS application. The application itself takes 10-12 hours total so it can’t just be squeezed into any day. So, contending with regular use of the golf course, along with outings and other events, makes planning and execution very difficult and leave us with only a few options. Today fit within our timing interval and we were able to find a Monday without anything else happening so everything aligned.

Regardless of the challenges and difficulty, these two applications are the most important ones that will be made to the Bermuda grass all year. Fitting them in and making sure they are done correctly is paramount.

Starting in November, through February, we will reduce to 1 post per month. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

If you drive your motorized cart into a bunker, please rake the tracks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Maintenance shop water line repair

2026-10-12T07:14:41.471-04:00

Sometimes we have work to do around the property that has nothing to do with the maintaining turfgrass. Last week, we finally wrapped up a repair of the drinking water line that supplies fresh water to our maintenance shop.

Working on a large, older property comes with its challenges. In this case, the drinking water line at the maintenance shop is as old as the facility itself. We have had many years of stable conditions, but this year we did have a leak develop. Unfortunately, the pipe is underneath our parking lot, so it requires removing asphalt to get started. Not only that, but the pipe is about 7 feet deep, making for quite the excavation to expose the problem.

Because of the depth of the pipe, it could have been leaking for some time before the water finally reached the surface. A contractor helped us with the excavation, and we had to deal with very saturated soil as we worked. Eventually we reached the pipe and found the leak. The actual repair was very easy. We recharged the line to make sure there were no more leaks before backfilling what had become a very large hole. Once we were in the clear, backfilling went smoothly. All that was left was asphalt repair which concluded last week.

The golf course needs attention every day, some days more than others. But we also must maintain multiple other areas and infrastructure around Bretton Woods. Even though it took more time than we wanted, it was nice to get this repair finished up.

Starting in November, through February, we will reduce to 1 post per month. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

If you drive your motorized cart into a bunker, please rake the tracks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Look ahead to fall

2026-10-05T06:00:00.626-04:00

Fall has finally arrived, despite two days last week climbing to the upper 80’s! The cooler weather brings several changes to the golfer’s experience also. So here is a preview of what to expect.

Fall is arguably the best season of the year. Temperatures are comfortable during the day, and bring crispness in the evening, and leaves start to change color. The leaves also start to drop and that means lots of cleanup. Our blowers will be out daily, with the vacuum right behind. If we could condense our cleanup to one week a year and have every leaf drop at the same time we would gladly take it. Unfortunately, it will last until Thanksgiving. So please be patient as we work through the process- some additional noise from the machines, piles in the rough waiting to be picked up, and especially on blustery days, leaves scattered in every direction.

Before long those crisp nights will drop low enough to give us our first frost delay of the fall. Frost is a tricky and annoying evil of the season. Frost covered turf will be severely damaged or killed from traffic- golf and maintenance carts, our machines, and even foot traffic. We work diligently to allow golfers onto the course absolutely as soon as possible after a delay. But we must have time to prepare the course, even minimally, before it is too crowded. Sometimes this means that the frost has started to clear, but we have not opened the course yet because we are still doing some work. Please obey all signage and check in with the Proshop for updates. We will open as early as possible.

Lastly, fall is a great time for the Grounds department to start some projects. Drainage, bunker renovations, and new collar sod are the three main items we tackle at this point. The weather is great for growing grass, which means new sod can heal in quickly. But most of the established grass, especially the Bermuda grass, has slowed its growth enough that it no longer requires daily mowing and attention. Therefore, we have the time available for projects now also. There will be bunkers that are under construction or new turf that must be protected. We will reopen these areas as quickly as we can, but please be aware and careful when playing through our work.

Fall is the best season for golf because the course is in great shape and the weather is perfect. These reminders will help everyone enjoy this season.

Starting in November, through February, we will reduce to 1 post per month. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

If you drive your motorized cart into a bunker, please rake the tracks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

First SDS application

2026-09-28T05:57:37.506-04:00

Soil temperatures have reached the point where our first Spring Dead Spot (SDS) chemical application is due. We made our first spray today.

This application is critical to the overall health of the Bermuda grass- for next year. We have discussed this before, here and here. The prevention of the disease for the upcoming season starts the fall prior. Timing is very important, which is why we closely monitor the soil temperatures.

Just as important as when we make the application is what we do following the application. As soon as the hole is finished being sprayed, we must run the irrigation. The products must be watered down into the thatch and lower growing points of the plant to contact the fungus. This requires at least a 1/8” of an inch of water and up to ¼” as soon after as possible. Without this water, even with good timing, the application would lose significant efficacy.

We have been through a couple of good Bermuda grass seasons in the last few years. Part of that starts with our SDS program, and the first application is now in the books.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not practice on the course. Taking extra shots leads to unnecessary divots and ball marks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Hydraulic leak in the rough

2026-09-21T05:37:10.728-04:00

Every industry relies on machines in some capacity, and turf management is no different. Unfortunately, sometimes our machines break down or they leak fluids. Last week, our large area rough mower blew a hydraulic hose and sprayed hydraulic fluid in the rough in front of #16 red tee.

There are very few alternatives to using large machines on the golf course, especially for our operation. With unlimited manpower or money, it is probably possible to eliminate the threat of failures occurring. But failures do happen- components break, parts wear out, or in this case, a high-pressure hydraulic hose developed a hole in the side.

Nearly every type of fluid in our machines negatively impacts the turf and most are deadly in a very short period of time. The fluids- usually gas or oil- burn the foliage, coat the outer layer of the leaves and block photosynthesis, and are toxic once taken inside the plant. These factors combine to make prevention the only true way to protect f
rom these accidents. Once the spill occurs, the turf will need to be replaced or given ample time to recover.

The other side of this situation is minimizing the downtime of the machine. A leak is extremely detrimental to the turf, but most often it also takes the machine out of commission. Depending on the exact issue, this could be hours or days. So, we also must focus our attention on trying to get the machine back in working order, so we don’t lose any more valuable operating time

In this most recent case, a section of hydraulic hose failed. Luckily, failing hoses are not common, but we do operate multiple machines that each have several hoses, so problems are bound to arise. Several years ago, to mitigate these leaks, we purchased a hydraulic hose crimping machine. The tool takes new, bare hose, and presses and seals a new end fitting on, creating a new hydraulic hose to use. The crimping machine has been a very valuable tool for a couple of reasons. With this tool, when a leak is discovered, we can build and install a new hose within an hour or less. Previously, this would have required at least two days- ordering and delivery of the new hose from our equipment vendor.

But a second factor in the crimping tools importance is that during our routine inspections of machines, particularly all the hoses, we can replace any questionable hoses before leaks develop. In season, but especially during the winter, our equipment maintenance team inspects all hoses on every piece of equipment, rebuilding and replacing as needed. Sometimes, an entire network of hoses will be replaced on a machine each winter. Our costs consist of purchasing spools of hose and the required fittings, but the cost pales in comparison to what we would spend if we had to purchase OEM hoses for every replacement made.

Leaks are bound to happen. Minimizing the turf affected and getting the area back in shape quickly are two main goals. But putting the machine back into service is just as important. Handling the hose repair in-house makes that part even easier.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not practice on the course. Taking extra shots leads to unnecessary divots and ball marks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Tournament prep

2026-09-14T05:43:30.066-04:00

The opening rounds of the Match Play Championship were this past weekend, with the final rounds this upcoming weekend. What does the Grounds department do differently to prepare for some of the more prestigious tournaments at Bretton Woods? Luckily, we don’t have a tremendous amount of extra work needed to get the course in shape for the event.

We have a full schedule of tournaments at Bretton Woods. Some of the tournaments are more casual and fun, while a few of them are true competitions to decide the year’s best golfer. We want the course to play well year-round, but we do like the course to shine just a bit more for some events compared to others.

Weather still plays the biggest role, no matter what tournament it is, especially those events during the summer. Pushing too hard for a one- or two-day event can cause damage that lasts for weeks. We are very cognizant not to overdue our maintenance at the expense of the rest of the season’s worth of golf.

Our other mindset is that we don’t ever want the course to get too far away from championship quality. Our championship quality is relative- we are not a tour stop for any events- but we do like to maintain a baseline that is very solid. Then, working from that point allows us to make small changes to peak during the event, rather than needing several weeks to prepare. We also don’t want the course conditions to bounce back and forth drastically. We want the course to play a notch or two different than everyday play, instead of being a completely different track.

To raise the bar for the big tournaments, our biggest change is mowing frequency for the in-play surfaces. Greens will be mowed every day, which is usually the same outside of tournament preparation also, but during the summer we do occasionally mow every other day. But tees, approaches, collars, and fairways will all increase frequency from 2-3 times per week, up to 4-5 times per week. This keeps the surfaces looking and playing their best. This is what we mean by tweaks instead of extreme changes. We don’t suddenly do things that we haven’t done all season. We don’t change the mowing heights by 50% or alter how we mow. The course plays very similar to how it has all year, but just a little better.

Tournaments are an exciting time, and we want the course to play well. But maintaining the course at a high level throughout the season enables us to make small adjustments for the tournament and still improve the conditions.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not practice on the course. Taking extra shots leads to unnecessary divots and ball marks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Fall Bermuda grass preparations

2026-09-07T04:23:10.532-04:00

We have been fortunate that the last several years have been some of the strongest Bermuda grass seasons we have ever seen. The Bermuda grass has been healthy and strong from April 1^st and that is a testament to the work we do at this time of year. Believe it or not, September and October are the two most critical months for ensuring healthy Bermuda grass the next season.

Air temperatures, soil temperatures, and day length all start to drop quickly in September. These are all triggers telling the Bermuda grass that it is time to prepare for cold and dormancy. Growth slows, the leaf color changes, and the plant starts to store carbohydrates for the winter rather than using its energy for aggressive top growth.

Knowing this, we try to give the plant as many vital sugars as possible at this time. We don’t want the Bermuda grass lacking for any nutrition as it prepares for the cold. In a similar vein, the plant also needs adequate water to move these nutrients throughout its roots and shoots. So, with these two ideas combined, over the next several weeks we will apply 2 different seaweed extract products and 2 different wetting agents to aid in carbohydrate storage and soil water retention.

The plant is also more susceptible to attack at this time too because it is not growing as vigorously. And this is precisely when the pathogen that causes Spring Dead Spot (SDS) infiltrates the Bermuda grass plant. Even though the symptoms don’t appear until the spring, the damage is caused now and into the early part of the winter. The pathogen is especially keyed in to soil temperatures and has a very specific range when it is most active. So, we start monitoring soil temperatures September 1^st and when we hit the threshold temperature, we make our applications.

Lastly, in response to the slowing growth, we adjust our mowing frequency also. We mow less not only because the plant is just not physically growing as much, but also because mowing is stressful and we want minimize stress as possible. The height at which we mow the Bermuda grass also changes. We raise our height of cut because the more leaf tissue that the plant has, the much better chance of winter survival it has.

Even though the Bermuda grass season is winding down, we are no less vigilant in our program. Properly caring for the Bermuda grass now is what helps set up a good season the following year.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do no practice on the course. Taking extra shots leads to unnecessary divots and ball marks. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Leveling low spots in the fairways

2026-08-31T05:44:31.546-04:00

One task that has been on the list for many years is to level low spots in the fairways. There can be many reasons why there are low spots: old drain lines, irrigation lines, settling of past repairs, or even simply uneven ground. We are not looking to make the fairways tabletop flat, some natural undulation is welcome, but we do want to eliminate the unnatural dips and low areas as best as we can.

These low areas can be handled in different ways, but we are choosing to add sand over the top of the turf and slowly raise the low section to match the surrounding soil. The other most common way to handle low areas would be to cut the turf off the top, add soil beneath, and level the spots in that manner.

Cutting into the turf and leveling the soil below would be very time consuming. Hand digging each low spot, some being long drain lines would take a lot of labor and would involve tearing into the fairways amongst play. And anytime you disturb the soil, you risk settling unevenly afterward. Lastly, ensuring the grass is level at the surface is difficult too, and to be done correctly also takes time and patience.

You can see sand added to low spots in the
foreground and background. The most sand is
added to the lowest point and then leveled. The Bermuda
grass will quickly grow through this sand and raise the
low point up.

Adding sand over the top eliminates several of those issues. We don’t have issues with freshly displaced soil settling after we finish. And the turf is never removed so there are no problems with it being replaced uniformly. Although we can add sand fast and work through the course quickly, results are slow. But the results are also more consistent, and finer adjustments can be made.

Our goal is to make it around the course twice in the last few weeks of good Bermuda grass growth weather. We don’t want the Bermuda grass growing too slowly to move over the top of freshly added sand and have it sit at the surface for weeks on end. Then we will pick up the work again next year and continue until we are satisfied with all necessary low areas being raised to an acceptable level for the surrounding grade.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not drive carts into the tall grass native areas. Because the carts are low to the ground, grass gets caught in the front bumper and then falls off back out on the course. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Green surround sod

2026-08-24T05:23:29.125-04:00

As we near the end of summer, the course always has a few scars from the stress of the season. Fortunately, this year the playing surfaces have weathered the heat and humidity of summer very well. Nevertheless, we do have some recovery work to do, and last week we started repairing some green surround areas.

The location at #10 green sod was needed

Poa annua, the main turf species on our greens, can be a great turfgrass in some situations (like on our greens) or it can be a terrible turfgrass (like areas in our rough). The greens receive enough attention to prevent major issues with the poa succumbing to summer stress. However, in the rough, while it does receive care, the stresses placed on the green surround turf can overwhelm the poa, which is what happened in the few places that we made repairs.

We placed new sod in green surround spots at the putting green, 10, and #17. In each of these spots there were multiple reasons for the turfgrass decline- high traffic concentration, poor irrigation coverage, poor soil conditions, and more. But each of these locations also had higher than average poa infestations. Because of this, when the poa died through the summer, large bare areas were the result. There are some other bare areas scattered around the course, but most are much smaller and more spread apart, and those will be much easier to reseed in a couple of weeks. Trying to keep very small patches of new sod alive is very hard and we don’t want to remove large areas of healthy grass just to replace a small area of dead grass. So, we focused on the 3 areas mentioned above because they were much larger areas that could be easily corrected with new sod.

#17 green after sod was completed

We typically make these types of repairs to the green surrounds at this time of year. We have had seasons where we are doing multiple locations using several pallets of sod because they year had been so stressful and significant amounts of turf had died. Luckily that was not the case this year, and with the sod laid and starting to grow in, we are ready to head into late summer and fall in good condition.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not drive carts into the tall grass native areas. Because the carts are low to the ground, grass gets caught in the front bumper and then falls off back out on the course. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Accomplishing other tasks

2026-08-17T05:50:40.767-04:00

Today we have a local USGA Mid-Am qualifier at Bretton Woods. Many players will take up the entire course for most of the day. The Grounds staff expertly prepares the course for the event, but then it’s too busy to continue regular work, so what do we do? We use events like this as opportunities to accomplish other goals around the property.

Having such a large property- about 200 acres of varying levels of maintained space- some areas don’t always get the attention they may need. On days when the course is extremely busy and trying to work around golfers becomes pointless, we direct our labor to these outlying areas.

Up on the hill, towards the front of the property is a walking trail. Throughout the season, the grass creeps in over the edges of the path. Busy golf course days are a perfect time to edge and clean this walk path. We can use most of our s
taff and tackle a large chunk of the path all at once. Across several golf course outing days, we can trim the entire length of the trail.

There are a tremendous number of trees on the property. Many of them are along the perimeter of the property and we do not spend much time attending those. However, there are still plenty of trees in open areas that need the grass trimmed around their trunk, as well as regular pruning to maintain a healthy tree. When the golf course is occupied, we can head out around the entrance, tennis, pool, and open spaces out front to work on this tree maintenance and care.

We also use events like this qualifier to work on the soccer fields. Starting in mid-August, the upper soccer field closes for 4-5 weeks for annual maintenance. We repair worn out turf, aerate, apply compost, and fertilize the field. All of that takes time and labor, which we often can’t afford during a regular day. But having to stay off the course presents a great opportunity to work on the soccer field and finish most of our goals all at once.

Even though the course is extremely busy, having such an expansive property makes our list of work never-ending. Using our full staff allows us to cross several things off that list quickly.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not drive carts into the tall grass native areas. Because the carts are low to the ground, grass gets caught in the front bumper and then falls off back out on the course. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

More information on aeration

2026-08-10T05:42:42.313-04:00

We are on the other side of course aeration now. The operation was smooth, but the weather didn’t perfectly cooperate. Being closed Monday through Thursday can seem like an inconvenience, but it gives us the time to accomplish our work in the correct sequence with the right amount of delay between each task.

One of the biggest keys for aeration is having 4 days scheduled for closure. When things go exactly right and the weather cooperates, we can finish all the course in 3 days, allowing us to give back the 4^th day. However, when our plans get scrambled, like this year, we can use that 4^th day to finish without having to completely alter a tee sheet that has already been booked. We received rain the night before aeration, Monday during our first day, Wednesday, and Thursday afternoon. This forced us to pause our work on Wednesday and then finish Thursday.

During aeration this year we poked solid tine holes in the fairways, approaches and greens and removed cores on tees. We have a contractor help us on the fairways because we don’t have the labor or machines necessary to finish in a timely manner. Our staff handles greens and tees in house.

Greens- we mow the greens first; this helps dry the surface so we can apply dry sand. The sand is spread before the aeration begins because research has shown it will actually get into the holes better when applied first. Then the aerator traverses the green with a brush attached on the back that moves most of the sand into the hole automatically. We then drag the remaining sand into the holes, roll the green smooth, and water if necessary. Now that we don’t remove any material, the whole process is smoother and much less labor intensive.

Tees- this is the first time in 12 years that we have pulled a core out of the tee surfaces. That is a very long time to go without removing material, but each year we monitored and solid tines continued to be a good choice. Up until now there was not enough thatch to necessitate removal, and the tees were not healthy enough to withstand the stress. This year we finally reached the point where thatch needed to be controlled, so we pulled a small core out of the tees. We allowed the core to dry on the surface and then dragged it until the soil broke away from the thatch. After the drag, we then blew the thatch off the tee.

Fairways- As mentioned, fairways and approaches were done by a contractor using solid tines. Using our verticutting program to control thatch in the fairways is working really well. So, we will continue to use solid tines on the fairways until it is necessary to pull a core.

Compost- we also use this time to apply compost to all of the Bermuda grass. This is a great way to build healthy soil and help the plants be stronger naturally.

Having the time to accomplish all this work is key, because without aeration, the turf would begin to suffer and playability would decrease.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not drive carts into the tall grass native areas. Because the carts are low to the ground, grass gets caught in the front bumper and then falls off back out on the course. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

USGA explains aeration

2026-08-03T03:14:03.187-04:00

We are starting our annual course aeration this week. The course and practice greens will be closed today thru at least Wednesday. We have Thursday scheduled as a closed day as well, but if our work progresses according to plan, we should finish on Wednesday and be able to reopen on Thursday.

Despite the disruption and inconvenience, aeration is crucial to the health of the course. Rather than explaining all the details again, here is a short video from the USGA explaining aeration and the benefits:

https://www.usga.org/content/usga/home-page/course-care/green-section-record/60/16/why-do-golf-courses-aerate-putting-greens-.html

We understand that the course is healthy, so it seems contradictory to tear it up right now. However, the course is healthy right now, because we tear it up each year at this time. Without this aeration program, the turf would decline and conditions would suffer. Then, playability would be affected for an entire season, instead of just a few days.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please do not drive carts into the tall grass native areas. Because the carts are low to the ground, grass gets caught in the front bumper and then falls off back out on the course. Thank you

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

New driving range signs

2026-07-27T05:14:13.086-04:00

We have made an increased effort to improve some of the “little things” around the course this year. New stone, new mulch, and new flowers were all part of the plan this season. A less significant change that we made last week was upgrading the warning signs that line the bottom of the driving range.

There are three signs near the bottom of the driving range, in the rough to the right of 18 fairway, warning golfers on the course of driving range balls. The signs serve as a reminder that venturing out onto the driving range looking for an errant tee shot of #18 tee is not safe. Certainly not the most important part of the property, they still serve a purpose. Most of the time, many golfers likely don’t even notice the signs, but the old ones had lived their life and needed replacement.

We purchased 3 new signs and new posts as well. The placement of the old signs was still acceptable, so the new signs did not change locations. We slightly adjusted the orientation of the signs to account for people entering the safety zone from different angles.

Trying to see the property through the eyes of the members helps us to spot small changes that we can make. The signs don’t affect the round of golf, but making upgrades even to something that minor can still go a long way to improving the overall experience.

Weather permitting, we will wrap up the Bermuda grass verticutting this week. Thank you for your patience.

Also, starting Monday August 3^rd, the course is closed for aeration. It will remain closed until Thursday, August 6^th. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please remember to remove any bunker sand that may be stuck to your spikes before walking on the greens.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Second heat wave

2026-07-20T05:38:23.287-04:00

About 10 days ago, we discussed a heat wave that we were just exiting, and the decisions we made to help the turfgrass survive. Well, we just went through another tough stretch, and we thought another update was pertinent.

The main topic in the post in early July was regarding green speeds and how they have slowed. That is due to our program and helping the turf survive. Because this 2^nd wave of intense heat was so close on the heels of the first, we didn’t push green speeds back up in the interim. We are in the hottest part of the entire year and a few days back to normal (upper 80’s to low 90’s) is not a sensible time to be aggressive. So, for the time being, our goal is smooth, consistent putting greens, that have healthy turf. This means they will be slower, but you can count on grass to putt on every day.

But the putting greens are not the only turf that feels the effects of a heat wave, or waves. The rough, especially around the greens, which is the most intensely managed and highly trafficked, can also start to fade. We have a hodgepodge of grass species in the rough: annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, creeping bent grass, tall fescue, ryegrass, and Bermuda grass. Aside from the Bermuda grass, none of these other species enjoy the heat. Annual bluegrass in particular hates the heat. Even though it is the predominant species on greens, when it grows to rough height it struggles even more. There are areas where small patches of annual bluegrass died out, with healthy turf surrounding it. Unfortunately, it is difficult to keep only one species of grass because there are many sources of natural seed that intermixes. We will continue to work diligently to protect the turf we have, but some of these areas will also be candidates for replacement with new sod.

The good news is that we have cleared the latest hurdle in good condition. A vast majority of our turf is handling the heat very well. We continue to monitor, adjust, and tweak our programs to make sure we stay ahead of the weather. We also are alw
ays planning for improvements in areas that do not live up to our expectations. It is a never-ending battle, but each year we gain a little more ground to the positive.

Two reminders:

Fairway verticutting is still ongoing. Thank you for your patience.

Also, aeration is the week of August 3^rd. The course is scheduled to be closed 8/3-8/6. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please remember to remove any bunker sand that may be stuck to your spikes before walking on the greens.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Verticutting fairways

2026-07-13T04:30:59.541-04:00

It is now peak growing season for the Bermuda grass. So, we started our fairway verticut program last week.

Verticutting the Bermuda grass slices down into the canopy and removes a tremendous amount of material- thatch, stems, and other organic material that has built up over the last year. By removing this material, it reduces the puffiness of the surface. It also allows air down into the canopy and reinvigorates the remaining turf to fill back in and grow very strongly for the remainder of the year.

The material that is torn out of the fairways is broken up first with a drag, which helps separate the grass and stem material from soil. The soil is allowed to fall back into the canopy. Once the organic material is dry, we then blow it off the fairway into the rough. From there, we use our vacuum to pick it up and haul it away.

It is a very slow process from start to finish- which is why we must spread it out over several weeks. We got an abbreviated start this year because of the Maryland Senior Mid-Amateur event we are hosting, completing only the par 3’s and 17 and 18 fairways. Picking back up just after the event, we will continue over the next couple of weeks to complete the work.

We appreciate your patience during this disruptive but very necessary and beneficial practice. Completing the work now, during our relatively slow time in the golf schedule, provides the best playing surfaces for our busiest time in the fall.

Also, please note that we will be aerating the course starting Monday August 3^rdthrough Thursday August 6^th. The course and practice facilities are closed during this time. Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please remember to remove any bunker sand that may be stuck to your spikes before walking on the greens.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Heat wave and greens speeds

2026-07-06T05:27:00.281-04:00

We are just coming out the other side of the hottest stretch certainly of this year and one of the more intense spells over the last few years too. We must play defense when the weather turns that oppressive. Greens require more water, speeds decrease, and the turf stresses, but luckily, we made it through relatively unscathed and the worst heat did not lock in for an extended period of time.

To prepare for a heat wave like what we just experienced, there are a few things we do to protect the cool season turf, like the greens. We increase out height of cut slightly, only by one thousandth of an inch, but even that small increase in height, increases leaf tissue by 8%. That difference means a great deal to the plant when it is working hard to survive. We also reduce stress to the plant by alternating mowing and rolling instead of doing both most days like we do during other times of the year.

Moisture management is also critical during a stretch of heat. The grass requires more water to continually try and cool itself and maintain other metabolic processes inside the tissue. We do not want the plant to run out of water with such high temperatures because it could take less than an hour for the plant to die. So, we load the soil up with slightly more water than normal to start the day, in preparation for the heat later in the afternoon. This makes the greens softer and decreases green speeds.

Our goal through the entire year, but especially during a stretch like this past week, is to make sure we have grass for tomorrow. We could push the greens harder, stress them more, and have a great day or two of golf conditions, but the price for that would be thin or dead areas and weeks and weeks of recovery time. Therefore, we prioritize health and longevity of the turfgrass over short term benefits.

Despite the above-mentioned tactics, Mother Nature is powerful and we do have a few minor blemishes after the heat. In a few places, weak species of turf could not handle the heat and basically burned. And some places were areas that ran out of water and wilted. There are no areas that suffered major damage and overall, we are pleased how the turf responded.

The summer is not over, and the heat is likely to return. But after this first stretch, we are satisfied with our position and will continue to be ready for more.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please remember to remove any bunker sand that may be stuck to your spikes before walking on the greens.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

USGA report

2026-06-29T05:26:13.768-04:00

Back on June 1^st we welcomed our regional USGA Agronomist to Bretton Woods for a course consulting visit. From the USGA Green Section website: these visits “provide an objective, impartial, science-based evaluation of all factors influencing turfgrass health, playability, and sustainability.”

During our visit, we touched on several topics related to the Bermuda grass, including shade and tree removal, aeration practices, and Spring Dead Spot control. We also spent time discussing the health and performance of the putting greens. As well as the interface between the cool season turf collar and the warm season turf approach and difficulties of managing that line. Overall, it was a valuable investment that we will continue in years to come.

To conclude the service, the visit is summarized into a written report for the hose facility. Below is the link to our report.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vXeOFSLhtV-tHz_8uvTJ0ciauPN-r3yl/view?usp=sharing

Thank you

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Golf carts are capable of a very tight turning radius, but please don’t turn that sharply in the grass because it can tear the turf.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Drought

2026-06-22T05:15:05.285-04:00

We are in the midst of a drought, on the East coast, Maryland, and Montgomery County. We are fortunate to have Bermuda grass during times like these, but even Bermuda grass still requires water, and it is showing the indications of the drought.

From January 2026 through May 2026, we are about 5” behind our normal rainfall. Last fall, we had to recharge our irrigation pond due to a shortage. Luckily, with significant snowfall over this past winter, the pond was able to reach full capacity to start the season. But the shortfall of rain again this spring is creating water deficiencies that are becoming increasingly obvious across the course.

We work hard to manage the moisture on all turf areas on the course. Greens and the rough immediately around the greens take priority because they are cool season turf and of highest value. Using water and labor for these areas is paramount or the turf would suffer quickly, and recovery would be slow if at all. Beyond this turf though, we have a luxury with Bermuda grass being a very drought-tolerant species and having lower water requirements than other grasses. Nevertheless, when it gets this dry, even the Bermuda grass can show signs of stress.

Cool nights and relatively low daytime temperatures have allowed us to stretch our water reserves further than expected. There have been very few rainstorms rolling through, but some of them have come at just the right time to help us extend our water. These quick shots of rain help the Bermuda grass stay hydrated too and it can go longer between water events than other turf. But now the Bermuda grass is turning brown in many locations, showing the tell-tale signs of drought stress. Brown Bermuda grass can be seen on edges of fairways and tees where sprinklers don’t reach well or at all. Even areas that get good irrigation coverage are showing signs of stress just because they aren’t getting enough water. All these areas will rebound once there is ample water in the soil again (rain is forecast today) but it will take time.

We will continue to balance judiciously using our water supply while also maintaining the health of the turfgrass. Bermuda grass comes with a full set of problems at certain times of the year, but when it is this dry, we are glad to have the Bermuda grass.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Golf carts are capable of a very tight turning radius, but please don’t turn that sharply in the grass because it can tear the turf.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Quick needle tine aeration

2026-06-15T05:49:57.515-04:00

Cultural practices have been happening at a blistering pace recently. Last Monday we discussed the work we have been doing with the Verti-quake which has been ongoing over the last couple of weeks. That discussion prevented a discussion on the quick aeration we fit in on the greens just this past Monday also. We used very small, solid tines to open some pore space one last time before the intense summer stretch of late June through July.

The tines we use are nicknamed “needle” or “pencil” tines because of their small diameter, though they are wider than a needle and skinnier than a pencil! Nevertheless, their diameter is 1/8” and the goal is to open up some channels for air to enter the soil and water to move through the profile, which ultimately encourages roots to grow deeper.

This is typical timing for us to do this practice. We are right at the last point that the turf on the greens will be able to truly grow new and deeper roots. From here through the rest of the summer, roots will slowly shrink because of high soil temperatures. After early June, we would only do this again if there was some sort of failure in an area of a green that had become sealed at the surface and was no longer accepting water into the profile. Otherwise, there is not much benefit from the aeration during the summer because roots cannot go deeper anyway. And an even bigger concern is that because the roots are short and weak, the aeration can actually lift the turfgrass, separating the soil down deep from the plant and roots. This heaving can be very detrimental during the heat of the season, so we try to avoid it at all costs.

We were able to accomplish our aeration without any collateral damage, getting most greens aerated on Monday, and finishing the last few greens on Tuesday morning. A quick roll behind the aerator and the holes virtually disappear immediately, and with mowing and rolling through the week, the holes are gone before the weekend. It is a minimally disruptive procedure but can be of great benefit.

Timing is everything for us, especially when balancing accomplishing our goals not only around golfers, but also Mother Nature. Squeezing in our last aeration prior to August worked great. We have set the greens up as best as we can to handle the upcoming summer.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Golf carts are capable of a very tight turning radius, but please don’t turn that sharply in the grass because it can tear the turf.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Verti-quake

2026-06-08T05:23:15.958-04:00

One of our newest machines has been busy lately. The Verti-quake is a large, linear aerator, designed to cut deep channels into the ground. We have finished our top priority areas, and we will start an entire fairway soon.

We have briefly discussed the Verti-quake before here and here. Instead of a typical aeration that pokes holes in a grid pattern, the Verti-quake uses large knives that slice down into the soil for sub-surface disruption. Two of the main differences, and thus benefits, of the slicing versus the regular aeration are the depth we can reach and the total area impacted.

Surface area impacted is a function of tine diameter and spacing. If we use very large diameter tines and make holes really close to one another, we are impacting a greater area. And if we use small diameter tines and spread them far apart, the disturbance shrinks. For the Bermuda grass, we use ¾” diameter tines, spaced about 2” apart. This is a relatively average, typical setup and it roughly impacts about 7% of the surface. Where the Verti-quake stands out is because the knives cut a continuous path, unlike the aerator that only pokes a hole every 2 inches. We don’t have a specific percentage of surface disruption because the equation is not as straightforward, but the idea is that rather than only poking holes every so often, the Verti-quake is breaking up the soil along its entire path.

But the more important way the Verti-quake improves upon a typical aeration is the depth to which we can reach. Our regular aeration only reaches about 2-3” deep. The Verti-quake can work down to at least 10” and we are slicing about 4-4.5” deep currently. There are regular aeration machines that can match that depth, but they again are only poking holes at a certain interval. And if the aerator is working in poor soil, which we definitely have, then the regular aerator may not be able to penetrate the hardpan, and you will not accomplish the depths needed. Because the Verti-quake uses knives that cut through the soil instead of pounding down into it, it is capable of working through some extremely tight soil.

We had some top priority areas that we wanted to work through with the Verti-quake first: both soccer fields, 2-4 passes across all of the approaches (which includes several of the main areas of Bermuda sod work), and then historical weak areas on #1, #4, #5, #7, #11, #15, #17, and #18 fairways. All of that has been done over the last month. Next, we will tackle #8 fairway in its entirety, over the next couple of weeks. Our goal is to finish #8 fairway, and possibly one or two more this summer. But over the coming seasons, we will strive to finish all the Bermuda grass on the course at the current working depth, and then work back through everything again, pushing the machine deeper and deeper each time.

The Verti-quake will not replace our regular aeration program because it accomplishes different goals. The machine operates slowly, but working to shift the texture and structure of our soil is also a slow process. The Verti-quake is another tool for us to continue to improve growing conditions across the course.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Golf carts are capable of a very tight turning radius, but please don’t turn that sharply in the grass because it can tear the turf.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

More new mulch areas

2026-06-01T05:27:08.405-04:00

Golf is played on turf and golf courses spend most of their resources maintaining the turf to the highest quality possible. But part of the experience of being out on a golf course is the aesthetic value not just of the turf but of the entire surroundings. Continuing the work we have been doing recently to improve our aesthetics, we are gradually adding some new mulch areas.

We don’t have unlimited labor and funds to manage every aspect of the property to the highest standards. Sometimes we must find ways to make things easier to manage, without compromising on quality. Similarly, we are also looking for ways to make the peripheral aspects of the course look better- the areas outside the main corridors of play. The stone work we discussed recently is a big part of this process. But we are also adding or extending new mulch areas to improve visuals also.

Many of the areas that we will be changing already have mulch in some capacity, either nearby that we are connecting to, or in the same place that we are just increasing. The mulch provides a nice contrast to the turfgrass, and this contrast is pleasing to the eye. We are also strategically adding mulch to locations that benefit our operation as well. Mulch beds are less labor intensive than grass. We only mulch once a season and managing the weeds in the mulch is very quick and easy. Comparatively, mowing rough is done at least twice per week, and takes labor and fuel. Not to mention, most of the areas that we are altering have poor grass coverage, lots of tree roots and are therefore very tough on our machines, which increases repairs. By reducing marginal areas that we must mow, we are gaining visual appeal and saving wear and tear on our machines. We have added other new mulch areas over the last couple of years. In particular, we added several to #6. This next phase of additions is a similar process but will focus a bit more around tee areas since we are working on stone nearby at the same time.

The new mulch areas provide a nice contrast to the turf. But they are also a benefit to our operation, saving us time mowing and machine repairs. Improving the aesthetics of our course and benefiting the Grounds department at the same time is a win-win.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Golf carts are capable of a very tight turning radius, but please don’t turn that sharply in the grass because it can tear the turf.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Bermuda grass sod

2026-05-25T04:13:15.817-04:00

Bermuda grass makes up a large percentage of our managed turfgrass and 99.99% of that turf survived winter and is off to a great spring. Nevertheless, the .01% is still something we are working to improve and repair. Last week we were finally able to get sod for the worst areas.

We had temperatures in the 90’s in mid-April, and then a dramatic cool down. All the way into mid-May was cooler than normal, especially overnight. We have also been very dry throughout that same stretch. Neither of these factors are conducive to strong Bermuda grass growth, so our best option for the particularly poor areas is sod. Unfortunately, our local sod producer experienced the exact same temperatures and lack of rainfall as we did, meaning they struggled to get their Bermuda grass sod ready for harvest. This is what caused the time between seeing the need for sod in these struggling areas and the time when we were actually able to make the repairs.

Nevertheless, we were able to secure sod last week and
we wrapped up the work in just a couple of days. The sod was laid at #1 white tee, #2 approach, #3 approach, #4 gold tee, #7 approach, #14 approach, two spots in #15 fairway, #15 approach, #16 approach, and our Bermuda grass soccer field. Several of these areas are repeat offenders that we continue to work hard on improving. #1 tee has been a shade issue, which we were able to alleviate this past winter, so we expect improvement in this area moving forward. #4 tee will have tree work performed this fall/winter to address its shade issues. Several of the approaches had new drains installed this winter and the sod that we laid back over the drains is what didn’t survive. This is likely due to the extra stress of winter work on warm season turf. And the other spots where work has previously been done but continue to struggle, we hope can be improved with the Verti-quake, which we have already used once this spring and will continue to use through the summer. (The link describes the Shockwave, but we bought a Verti-quake- identical machines, different names.)

Having Bermuda grass as a dominant turf for any surface in this region is risky. We are further north than the Bermuda grass would prefer. So, having some repair work to do in the spring is really just par for the course, and being able to limit it to such a small amount is a huge victory. We are happy the sod is done and we can look forward to the rest of the season.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Please enter and exit all bunkers on the low side. While this may result in slightly more distance to rake, it will keep the sod on the face of the bunker from tearing. It is also much safer! Thank you.

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Improving the stone on the course

2026-05-18T05:38:04.514-04:00

Taking care of the turf and grounds on the property takes up nearly all our time and focus. But we realize that there is more to the experience of being at Bretton Woods than just the grass. Especially on the course, we try to make the entirety of the round enjoyable, from the turf to the landscapes and hardscapes. We have started the process of updating the stone around benches and water coolers to enhance the visual appeal.

Many years ago, loose gravel was placed around most of the benches and water cooler stations. Stone or gravel of any type does serve a very important purpose in these locations. These are areas that we don’t want grass- or any weed for that matter- and the stone keeps plants at bay. It also allows to easily spray herbicides to kill any weeds that do break through without damaging any other turf. Stone can also provide a nice visual contrast from the surrounding grass.

However, the stone that was in place has outlived its welcome. In fact, it likely needed to be changed long before this but now is when it has made it to the top of the project list. Over the next several weeks, we will be out updating the stone around the course. We started last week and will be working on this project at any available time throughout the season.

We have chosen a larger size stone this time. It is a nicer looking rock, rather than gravel, and it is sturdier also. The larger size will help it withstand being moved from water and from our debris blowers. Staying in place better will help it last longer and look cleaner more consistently. We still have the benefit of weed suppression and herbicide tolerance from the previous gravel, but with a new, updated appearance.

Not all the stone on the course is gravel though. More recently, though still many years back now, we placed nice stone under a few trash cans and mulch washout areas. Because it has been so long, some of these areas need refreshing. Over time, some of the stones have sunk into the soil or been buried by debris washed over the top. So, as part of the hardscape enhancement, any previously placed stone will be lifted, cleaned, and reset for a renewed appearance also. In some instances, some fresh stones may also be added to fill in any gaps.

This will likely be a “summer long” process exchanging stone on the course. But the improvements will be noticeable and worth the wait.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

First cut of native areas

2026-05-11T05:25:15.826-04:00

May is usually a great month for plants. Trees, flowers, grasses- even Bermuda grass- start really ramping up their growth. Additionally, the grasses in our low-maintenance, native areas start to fill out as well. Early May is when we start our maintenance in these native areas to prepare them for the season.

Just like most aspects of grounds maintenance at Bretton Woods, the native areas are managed on a program. That program has taken several years to develop to the level it is at now, and we likely are not done tweaking it, but at least right now, the native area process starts in May. As mentioned, everything starts to grow about as vigorously as it will all season in May. This makes it a good time to cut the tall grass down, including cutting back any weeds that have started. Waiting too much longer and the grass- and weeds- will get too tall and the mower will struggle to cut. Last week we worked through this first cut using our Ventrac tractor. It takes about 3 and half days to complete everything but it is a smooth process.

Mowing is the main part of our native-area maintenance program. Next, we’ll apply herbicide to control any broadleaf weeds. The grass will quickly rebound from this trim and mature nicely for the season, leaving the native areas ready for another summer.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org

Tee flowers and shrubs

2026-05-04T05:36:00.008-04:00

Remembering that we manage the entire property can get lost sometimes when we focus so much on turf health and playability. Taking time to beautify the surrounding areas can go a long way in enhancing the member experience. We recently added some new greenery around the course.

Bretton Woods is more of a natural landscape than a perfectly planted garden. We do have some shrubs and ornamental trees, but they are limited in diversity and scope. We need plants that are very low maintenance, deer resistant, and hardy. We don’t have a high landscape budget or dedicated staff, so low input species are important. Nevertheless, we did recognize that we had some gaps in our landscape, especially on the course, that needed something installed. So, over the last few weeks we have been working on introducing some new plants in specific locations.

A key point for us to make this work is to start small. Planting hundreds of new plants and then not being able to keep up with watering and having some suffer defeats the purpose. We also are trying out several different species to see what might work better in our microenvironment and withstand the deer population. If we find that a couple of our choices are not the right fit, then we don’t have too many to replace because we started smaller in scale. Lastly, we made a few of our selections based on what was available at local nurseries in the area. For this round of planting, we chose a mix of both small and larger flowering shrubs, as well as some small trees to place in several mulch areas around the course:

Crape myrtles- 1 each near #1 red tee and #3 red tee

Swamp rose mallow- near #16 tee

Black lace elderberry- #15 tee

Virginia sweet spire- #1 black/blue tee

Ninebark- #11 tee

Northern bush honeysuckle- #8 tee

Wrinkle leaf goldenrod- #17 tee

Our only setback thus far has been the very cold night we endured last week, which killed all the young leaves on the crape myrtles. The swamp rose mallow wasn’t damaged, but it is also a heat loving plant, which has been absent thus far and so it has been slow to get going.

So far, the plants look good, and we are excited to watch them mature.

Etiquette Reminder of the Month

Also, as part of a Golf Committee initiative to improve course etiquette, we have included links to videos teaching proper on course etiquette. Please take a moment to watch:

Ball Marks - How to properly repair

Golf Cart tips

See you on the course!

Joe

jvillegas@bwrc.org