<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3135093361222908078</id><updated>2024-09-22T11:59:27.610-07:00</updated><title type='text'>voiture</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://voiture-wassou.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3135093361222908078/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://voiture-wassou.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>wassim</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/10012504111705818592</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKsMy7idgrqiLxoK23xVu3ZIlgmLOfOKGUTxIy-OhgqFPc5RiNVonXktzBAqgI6deXVuyikD86NtU1yiREs5f8gKgPiNOkFNV2ahuy2TQGY9dq90HjNHVwFHTLLgua3ao/s220/14.PNG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>1</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3135093361222908078.post-2023981996620561008</id><published>2011-07-26T04:41:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-26T04:45:56.731-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Voiture occasion - Annonce auto, achat et vente voiture occasion ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div id=&quot;content&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat repeat; color: black; direction: ltr; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 10em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; padding-top: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;h1 class=&quot;firstHeading&quot; id=&quot;firstHeading&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 1.6em; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: visible; overflow-y: visible; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;&quot;&gt;Automobile&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;bodyContent&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1.5em; position: relative; width: 815px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;contentSub&quot; style=&quot;color: #7d7d7d; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;hidden&quot; id=&quot;jump-to-nav&quot; style=&quot;display: block; height: 1px; left: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; position: absolute; text-align: right; top: -5000px; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;Aller à :&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#mw-head&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Navigation&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#p-search&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rechercher&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;homonymie&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Redirection&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aide:Redirection&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Page d&#39;aide sur les redirections&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Disambig_colour.svg/20px-Disambig_colour.svg.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;20&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;«&amp;nbsp;Voiture&amp;nbsp;» redirige ici. Pour les autres significations, voir&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiture_(homonymie)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Voiture (homonymie)&quot;&gt;Voiture (homonymie)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:1955_Mercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Coupe_34_right.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;163&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/1955_Mercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Coupe_34_right.jpg/220px-1955_Mercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Coupe_34_right.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:1955_Mercedes-Benz_300SL_Gullwing_Coupe_34_right.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_300_SL&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mercedes-Benz 300 SL&quot;&gt;Mercedes-Benz 300 SL&lt;/a&gt;, modèle emblématique des années 1950-1960.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Une&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;automobile&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;est un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicule&quot;&gt;véhicule&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;terrestre à&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roue&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roue&quot;&gt;roues&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;équipé avec un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moteur&quot;&gt;moteur&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;embarqué dans le véhicule. Ce type de véhicule est conçu pour le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Transport&quot;&gt;transport&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Route&quot;&gt;route&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Personne&quot;&gt;personnes&lt;/a&gt;, mais sa définition peut s&#39;étendre jusqu&#39;au transport de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchandise&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Marchandise&quot;&gt;marchandises&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ainsi que jusqu&#39;à des véhicules pouvant fonctionner sur tout terrains. L&#39;étymologie du mot explique cette variété de définitions, puisque le terme provient du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grec_ancien&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Grec ancien&quot;&gt;grec&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lang-grc&quot; lang=&quot;grc&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, &#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;, Athena, Gentium, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, Code2000, sans-serif;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;grc&quot;&gt;αὐτός&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(soi-même) et du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Latin&quot;&gt;latin&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;mobilis&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(mobile), référence au caractère auto-propulsé de l&#39;automobile qui la distingue de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiture_(homonymie)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Voiture (homonymie)&quot;&gt;voiture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;automobile est un moyen de transport personnel parmi les plus répandus actuellement sur la planète. Sa capacité habituelle de transport est généralement de cinq personnes, mais peut varier de une à neuf places. L&#39;usage limite l&#39;emploi du terme automobile aux véhicules de dimensions inférieures à celle des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobus&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Autobus&quot;&gt;bus&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camion&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Camion&quot;&gt;camions&lt;/a&gt;, mais englobe parfois les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camionnette&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Camionnette&quot;&gt;véhicules utilitaires légers&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;à usage personnel. Bien qu&#39;étant des véhicules&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;automobiles&lt;/i&gt;, les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motocyclette&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Motocyclette&quot;&gt;deux-roues motorisés&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ne sont pas classées parmi les automobiles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;toc&quot; id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;toctitle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; border-width: initial; color: black; display: inline; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: auto;&quot;&gt;Sommaire&lt;/h2&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctoggle&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#&quot; id=&quot;togglelink&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;masquer&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-1&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#.C3.89tymologie_et_vocabulaire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Étymologie et vocabulaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Technique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Technique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-3&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Histoire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Histoire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-4&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#.C3.89conomie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Économie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-5&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Le_secteur_industriel_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;4.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Le secteur industriel automobile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-6&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Principaux_producteurs_mondiaux_2007_par_groupe_.28VP.29.5B9.5D&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;4.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Principaux producteurs mondiaux 2007 par groupe (VP)&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-7&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Le_secteur_de_la_vente_d.27automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;4.3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Le secteur de la vente d&#39;automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-8&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_routi.C3.A8re&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Sécurité routière&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-9&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Une_.C3.A9volution_tortueuse&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Une évolution tortueuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-10&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_active&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Sécurité active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-11&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_passive&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5.3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Sécurité passive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-12&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Facteurs_d.27ins.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_des_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;5.4&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Facteurs d&#39;insécurité des automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-13&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Environnement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Environnement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-14&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Pollution_de_l.27air&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;6.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Pollution de l&#39;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-15&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#V.C3.A9hicules_automobiles_les_moins_polluants&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;6.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Véhicules automobiles les moins polluants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-16&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Autres_impacts_sur_l.27environnement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;6.3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Autres impacts sur l&#39;environnement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-17&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Controverses&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Controverses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-18&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Critiques&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;7.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Critiques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-19&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#D.C3.A9fense&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;7.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Défense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-20&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Comp.C3.A9titions_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Compétitions automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-21&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Pratique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Pratique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-22&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Entretien.2C_r.C3.A9paration.2C_accessoires&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;9.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Entretien, réparation, accessoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-3 tocsection-23&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Contr.C3.B4le_technique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;9.1.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Contrôle technique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-24&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Apprentissage_de_la_conduite&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;9.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Apprentissage de la conduite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-25&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Formation_aux_m.C3.A9tiers_de_l.27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;9.3&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Formation aux métiers de l&#39;automobile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-26&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#M.C3.A9dias_et_rencontres&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Médias et rencontres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-27&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Principaux_salons_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;10.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Principaux salons automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-28&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Presse&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;10.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Presse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-29&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Notes et références&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-1 tocsection-30&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Voir_aussi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Voir aussi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-31&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Bibliographie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;12.1&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Bibliographie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;toclevel-2 tocsection-32&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#Lien_externe&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;tocnumber&quot;&gt;12.2&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;toctext&quot;&gt;Lien externe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.C3.89tymologie_et_vocabulaire&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Étymologie et vocabulaire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Étymologie et vocabulaire&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;122&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg/220px-FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cugnot&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Joseph Cugnot&quot;&gt;Fardier de Cugnot&lt;/a&gt;, modèle de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1771&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1771&quot;&gt;1771&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le terme «&amp;nbsp;automobile&amp;nbsp;» est à l&#39;origine un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectif&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Adjectif&quot;&gt;adjectif&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;issu de la concaténation d&#39;un préfixe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grec_ancien&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Grec ancien&quot;&gt;grec&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lang-grc&quot; lang=&quot;grc&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Arial Unicode MS&#39;, &#39;DejaVu Sans&#39;, Athena, Gentium, &#39;Palatino Linotype&#39;, &#39;Lucida Sans Unicode&#39;, &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;, Code2000, sans-serif;&quot; xml:lang=&quot;grc&quot;&gt;αὐτός&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;(soi-même), et d&#39;un suffixe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Latin&quot;&gt;latin&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;mobilis&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(mobile). Il a été créé lors de l&#39;invention des premières «&amp;nbsp;voitures automobiles&amp;nbsp;» car elles étaient munies d&#39;un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moteur&quot;&gt;moteur&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;avec source d&#39;énergie embarquée alors que les autres «&amp;nbsp;voitures&amp;nbsp;»,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diligence&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Diligence&quot;&gt;diligences&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal%C3%A8che&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Calèche&quot;&gt;calèches&lt;/a&gt;, carrioles, chariots et autres&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicule&quot;&gt;véhicules&lt;/a&gt;terrestres étaient mus par un ou des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheval&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cheval&quot;&gt;chevaux&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(hippomobiles) ou un ou des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%93uf_(animal)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bœuf (animal)&quot;&gt;bœufs&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le substantif «&amp;nbsp;automobile&amp;nbsp;» est attesté vers&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1890&quot;&gt;1890&lt;/a&gt;, mais son genre, aujourd&#39;hui seulement féminin, est longtemps resté pour les linguistes un sujet ouvert&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-atilf_0-0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-atilf-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. L&#39;Académie française s&#39;est prononcée dès 1901 pour le genre féminin&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, mais la polémique ne s&#39;est éteinte que bien après, le masculin étant attesté ponctuellement jusqu&#39;en 1944&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-atilf_0-1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-atilf-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En raison de sa large diffusion, et de son usage dans les milieux les plus variés, l&#39;automobile est aujourd&#39;hui appelée par de nombreux noms, familiers ou argotiques&amp;nbsp;: auto, voiture,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagnole&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bagnole&quot;&gt;bagnole&lt;/a&gt;, caisse, tacot, tire, guimbarde, chignole,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charrette&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Charrette&quot;&gt;charrette&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou, en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Amérique du Nord&quot;&gt;Amérique du Nord&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;francophone, char et minoune.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Technique&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Technique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Technique&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonctionnement_de_l%27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fonctionnement de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;Fonctionnement de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Volkswagen_W16.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Volkswagen_W16.jpg/220px-Volkswagen_W16.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Volkswagen_W16.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_W16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moteur W16&quot;&gt;moteur W16&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugatti_Veyron_16.4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bugatti Veyron 16.4&quot;&gt;Bugatti Veyron 16.4&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le principe de l&#39;automobile consiste à placer sur un châssis roulant un groupe motopropulseur et tous les accessoires nécessaires à son fonctionnement. Ces éléments sont contrôlés par le conducteur via des commandes, souvent sous forme d&#39;un volant et de pédales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2ssis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Châssis&quot;&gt;châssis&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;supporte et réunit tous les composants de l&#39;automobile. Le châssis est monté sur quatre roues, dont deux sont directrices, permettant sa mobilité. Des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_de_v%C3%A9hicule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suspension de véhicule&quot;&gt;suspensions&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;réalisent quant à elles une liaison élastique entre le châssis et les roues. Une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrosserie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carrosserie&quot;&gt;carrosserie&lt;/a&gt;, en partie vitrée, constituant un habitacle fermé muni de sièges, permet le transport de personnes assises, par tout temps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les automobiles sont généralement propulsée par un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_combustion_interne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moteur à combustion interne&quot;&gt;moteur à combustion interne&lt;/a&gt;, un ou plusieurs&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_%C3%A9lectrique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Machine électrique&quot;&gt;moteurs électriques&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;peuvent également fonctionner de concert avec le moteur thermique, voire le remplacer. La puissance mécanique fournie par le moteur est transmise aux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roue&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Roue&quot;&gt;roues&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;par l&#39;intermédiaire d&#39;une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%AEte_de_vitesses&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Boîte de vitesses&quot;&gt;boîte de vitesses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et des organes de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(m%C3%A9canique)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Transmission (mécanique)&quot;&gt;transmission&lt;/a&gt;. Un réservoir permet le stockage du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carburant&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Carburant&quot;&gt;carburant&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;nécessaire au fonctionnement du moteur, tandis qu&#39;une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batterie_d%27accumulateurs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batterie d&#39;accumulateurs&quot;&gt;batterie&lt;/a&gt;, rechargée par un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_synchrone&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Machine synchrone&quot;&gt;alternateur&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;mu par le moteur thermique, alimente en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courant#.C3.89lectricit.C3.A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Courant&quot;&gt;courant&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;les organes électriques.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les instruments de contrôle et les commandes tels que le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volant&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volant&quot;&gt;volant&lt;/a&gt;, les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9dale&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pédale&quot;&gt;pédales&lt;/a&gt;, l&#39;indicateur de vitesse ou le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compte-tours&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Compte-tours&quot;&gt;tachymètre&lt;/a&gt;, permettent la conduite de l&#39;automobile. Enfin, les éléments de confort (chauffage, ventilation,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatisation_de_v%C3%A9hicule_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Climatisation de véhicule automobile&quot;&gt;climatisation&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradio&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Autoradio&quot;&gt;autoradio&lt;/a&gt;, ...) et de sécurité (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89clairage_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Éclairage automobile&quot;&gt;éclairage&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiblockiersystem&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antiblockiersystem&quot;&gt;ABS&lt;/a&gt;, ...) sont des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessoire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Accessoire&quot;&gt;accessoires&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en nombre toujours croissant.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Histoire&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Histoire&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Histoire&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Histoire de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;Histoire de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:1910Ford-T.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;173&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/1910Ford-T.jpg/220px-1910Ford-T.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:1910Ford-T.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;La Ford T, première voiture de grande série.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le premier véhicule automobile fonctionnel a été inventé en 1769 par&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Cugnot&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Joseph Cugnot&quot;&gt;Joseph Cugnot&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sous le nom de fardier de Cugnot&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-2&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;mais il faut attendre la deuxième moitié du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XIXe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et les progrès liés à la&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_industrielle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Révolution industrielle&quot;&gt;révolution industrielle&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pour que les véhicules automobiles personnels se développent et prennent finalement leur nom actuel d&#39;automobile. La naissance de l&#39;automobile s&#39;est faite par l&#39;adaptation d&#39;une machine à vapeur sur un châssis autonome mais des problèmes techniques et sociaux ont retardé son développement. L&#39;encombrement de la chaudière, les matériaux inadaptés aux hautes pressions et les châssis supportant mal les vibrations furent les principaux obstacles techniques et la dangerosité perçue et réelle de ces engins sur les routes à l&#39;époque a conduit à des législations contraignantes, comme le&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive_Act&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Locomotive Act&quot;&gt;Locomotive Act&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;au&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume-Uni&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Royaume-Uni&quot;&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-3&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;aventure automobile a commencé en France, où les premières expériences réussies ont eu lieu en 1873. Un tel succès qu&#39;en 1895 environ 350 automobiles circulaient déjà sur le territoire français, contre 75 en Allemagne et seulement 80 aux Etats-Unis. C&#39;était une époque où on ne parlait pas vraiment de fabricants de voitures, mais plutôt de carrossiers. En France, ils ont ont su tourner la page de la somptuosité décorative, qui avait fait leur réputation au&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XVIIIe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xviii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;, et ont appris à jouer avec les nouveaux codes esthétiques.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les premières automobiles produites et commercialisées sont à vapeur (&lt;i&gt;L&#39;Obéissante&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;d&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Boll%C3%A9e&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Amédée Bollée&quot;&gt;Amédée Bollée&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 1873&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-4&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) et les premiers prototypes utilisant les nouveaux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_explosion&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Moteur à explosion&quot;&gt;moteurs à explosion&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;moins encombrants sont réalisés vers 1885. Dans le même temps, le développement des connaissances liées à l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Électricité&quot;&gt;électricité&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;mène à la réalisation des premières&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiture_%C3%A9lectrique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Voiture électrique&quot;&gt;voitures électriques&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;: on a donc trois modes de propulsion en concurrence au tournant du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XXe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;. La vapeur est rapidement supplantée et le développement rapide des performances des voitures électriques est stoppé par l&#39;absence de progrès notable dans le stockage de l&#39;énergie, c&#39;est donc le moteur à explosion qui l&#39;emporte sur les autres modes de propulsion. Cette époque est celle de la course à la vitesse, et c&#39;est d&#39;abord la voiture électrique qui s&#39;y illustre (La&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamais_Contente&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jamais Contente&quot;&gt;Jamais Contente&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;est la première à franchir la barre des&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;100&amp;nbsp;km/h&lt;/span&gt;, en 1899&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-5&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;) avant d&#39;être supplantée par la voiture à moteur à explosion. C&#39;est aussi la période de naissance des premières courses automobiles, telle Paris-Rouen en 1894. L&#39;automobile reste alors un produit de luxe, à l&#39;usage contraignant, utilisé sur des infrastructures totalement inadaptées.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;histoire de la voiture a fait naître et vivre différents métiers. A ce moment de l&#39;histoire, construire une voiture était une affaire collective dans laquelle carrossiers, mais aussi charrons, serruriers,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malletier&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Malletier&quot;&gt;malletier&lt;/a&gt;, selliers-garnisseurs, bourreliers, plaqueurs et peintres étaient impliqués ensemble. Tout était fait sur mesure, des carrosseries qui s&#39;adaptaient aux châssis, en passant par les sièges ou les bagages arrimés à l&#39;arrière pour les premiers voyages.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F038804-0023,_Wolfsburg,_Volkswagen,_Klimawindkanal,_VW_K%C3%A4fer.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F038804-0023%2C_Wolfsburg%2C_Volkswagen%2C_Klimawindkanal%2C_VW_K%C3%A4fer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F038804-0023%2C_Wolfsburg%2C_Volkswagen%2C_Klimawindkanal%2C_VW_K%C3%A4fer.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F038804-0023,_Wolfsburg,_Volkswagen,_Klimawindkanal,_VW_K%C3%A4fer.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Coccinelle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen Coccinelle&quot;&gt;Coccinelle&lt;/a&gt;, voiture la plus vendue au monde&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Deux facteurs vont contribuer à son développement&amp;nbsp;: le revêtement progressif des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Route&quot;&gt;routes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en ville puis en campagne afin de faciliter l&#39;usage des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicyclette&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Bicyclette&quot;&gt;bicyclettes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et des voitures, et le développement de nouvelles méthodes de production (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylorisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Taylorisme&quot;&gt;taylorisme&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fordisme&quot;&gt;fordisme&lt;/a&gt;), qui mènent à la première voiture de grande série, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford T&quot;&gt;Ford T&lt;/a&gt;. Celle-ci pose définitivement l&#39;empreinte de l&#39;automobile sur la société du&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XXe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;. Les innovations se succèdent ensuite, mais sans changement fondamental conceptuel. Les grandes lignes de l&#39;automobile de série actuelle sont tracées par&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lancia&quot;&gt;Lancia&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 1922 avec la&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_Lambda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lancia Lambda&quot;&gt;Lambda&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;à carrosserie&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A2ssis_(automobile)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Châssis (automobile)&quot;&gt;autoporteuse&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_de_v%C3%A9hicule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suspension de véhicule&quot;&gt;suspension&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;avant indépendante,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Corporation&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Chrysler Corporation&quot;&gt;Chrysler&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 1934 avec la&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler_Airflow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Chrysler Airflow&quot;&gt;Airflow&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;qui introduit l&#39;aérodynamique dans l&#39;automobile de série,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Citroën&quot;&gt;Citroën&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et le développement de la&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_Traction_Avant&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Citroën Traction Avant&quot;&gt;Traction Avant&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;à partir de 1934, puis l&#39;introduction des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frein&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Frein&quot;&gt;freins&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;à disque sur la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Citroën DS&quot;&gt;DS&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en 1955, ou encore par&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Porsche&quot;&gt;Porsche&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%AEte_de_vitesses&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Boîte de vitesses&quot;&gt;boîte de vitesses&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;à synchroniseurs coniques de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_356&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Porsche 356&quot;&gt;356&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-6&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le développement de l&#39;automobile est fortement marqué par les crises, comme le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krach_de_1929&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Krach de 1929&quot;&gt;krach de 1929&lt;/a&gt;et la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Seconde Guerre mondiale&quot;&gt;Seconde Guerre mondiale&lt;/a&gt;. Celles-ci redistribuent les cartes de l&#39;industrie en favorisant les regroupements, et provoquent le retour en grâce des petites automobiles, l&#39;apogée de ce phénomène étant atteinte en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Allemagne&quot;&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dans les&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1950&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Années 1950&quot;&gt;années 1950&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;avec les micro-voitures telles l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isetta&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Isetta&quot;&gt;Isetta&lt;/a&gt;. Cette sortie de crise est aussi le début des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trente_Glorieuses&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Trente Glorieuses&quot;&gt;Trente Glorieuses&lt;/a&gt;, période marquée dans tous les secteurs de l&#39;automobile par un grand essor, qui se traduit par une augmentation du choix, de la production et de l&#39;accession à l&#39;automobile, via l&#39;ouverture du recours au crédit dans les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1960&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Années 1960&quot;&gt;années 1960&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-7&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Cette croissance de la production, mais aussi de la taille des voitures, de leur vitesse, est stoppée net par le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_choc_p%C3%A9trolier&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Premier choc pétrolier&quot;&gt;premier choc pétrolier&lt;/a&gt;. Celui-ci, conjugué à la hausse de l&#39;insécurité routière, aura des conséquences à long terme sur la relation entre l&#39;automobile et la société, conduisant en particulier à une forte vague de réglementation sur la vitesse autorisée. Les aspects sociaux (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cologie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Écologie&quot;&gt;écologie&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_et_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_routi%C3%A8res&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Prévention et sécurité routières&quot;&gt;sécurité routière&lt;/a&gt;) deviennent des enjeux importants dans la conception des automobiles à la fin de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XXe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xx&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;, conduisant à une nouvelle vague d&#39;innovations dont le&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downsizing_(m%C3%A9canique)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Downsizing (mécanique)&quot;&gt;downsizing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;et surtout la motorisation&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_hybride&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Automobile hybride&quot;&gt;hybride&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;lancée sur la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Prius&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota Prius&quot;&gt;Toyota Prius&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1997) puis la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_Insight&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Honda Insight&quot;&gt;Honda Insight&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(1999).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;.C3.89conomie&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Économie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Économie&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Articles détaillés&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructeur_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Constructeur automobile&quot;&gt;Constructeur automobile&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Construction automobile&quot;&gt;Construction automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Le_secteur_industriel_automobile&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Le secteur industriel automobile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Le secteur industriel automobile&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Industrie automobile&quot;&gt;industrie automobile&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;prend une place importante dans l&#39;industrie de plusieurs grands pays industrialisés. Elle prend parfois un aspect stratégique compte tenu à la fois de sa proximité historique avec les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie_militaire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Industrie militaire&quot;&gt;industries militaires&lt;/a&gt;, de l&#39;importance qu&#39;elle peut prendre dans le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Produit intérieur brut&quot;&gt;produit intérieur brut&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emploi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Emploi&quot;&gt;emploi&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de certains pays (États-Unis, France, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne) et de l&#39;image que l&#39;automobile peut donner d&#39;un pays auprès de l&#39;extérieur (le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Design&quot;&gt;design&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;italien, l&#39;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_way_of_life&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;American way of life&quot;&gt;american way of life&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_(industrie)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mécanique (industrie)&quot;&gt;mécanique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;allemande, le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9ro_d%C3%A9faut&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Zéro défaut&quot;&gt;zéro défaut&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;japonais, l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Innovation&quot;&gt;innovation&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;francaise, etc.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le secteur de l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Industrie automobile&quot;&gt;industrie automobile&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;est aujourd&#39;hui organisé en grands groupes d&#39;assembleurs finaux qui utilisent des pièces en provenance d&#39;un grand nombre de fournisseurs et de sous-traitants, mais qui maintiennent généralement en interne les activités industrielles les plus lourdes comme la tôlerie ou la production des moteurs. La production globale s&#39;élève en 2007 à 56 millions de voitures particulières&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-prod2007_8-0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-prod2007-8&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, dont 7,9 millions pour le groupe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_(entreprise)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota (entreprise)&quot;&gt;Toyota&lt;/a&gt;, 6,3 millions pour le groupe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;General Motors&quot;&gt;General Motors&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et 6 millions pour le groupe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen AG&quot;&gt;Volkswagen AG&lt;/a&gt;. Les principaux équipementiers, dont le chiffre d&#39;affaires est supérieur à 10 milliards d&#39;euros, sont&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Denso&quot;&gt;Denso&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_Corporation&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Delphi Corporation&quot;&gt;Delphi&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visteon&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Visteon&quot;&gt;Visteon&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Valeo&quot;&gt;Valeo&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faurecia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Faurecia&quot;&gt;Faurecia&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_International&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Magna International&quot;&gt;Magna International&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Robert Bosch GmbH&quot;&gt;Bosch&lt;/a&gt;...&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Principaux_producteurs_mondiaux_2007_par_groupe_.28VP.29.5B9.5D&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Principaux producteurs mondiaux 2007 par groupe (VP)&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-prod2007_8-1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-prod2007-8&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Principaux producteurs mondiaux 2007 par groupe (VP)[9]&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Production_d%27automobiles_en_2007.svg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Graphique reprenant les dix plus grands pays producteurs d&#39;automobile en 2007 : Japon à environ 10 millions, Chine et Allemagne environ 6 millions, États-Unis et Corée du Sud à plus de 3 millions, puis France, Brésil, Espagne, Inde et Royaume-Uni autour de 2 millions&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;154&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Production_d%27automobiles_en_2007.svg/220px-Production_d%27automobiles_en_2007.svg.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Production_d%27automobiles_en_2007.svg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Les dix plus grands pays producteurs d&#39;automobiles en 2007&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_(entreprise)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota (entreprise)&quot;&gt;Toyota&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_(automobile)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota (automobile)&quot;&gt;Toyota&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexus&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lexus&quot;&gt;Lexus&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daihatsu&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Daihatsu&quot;&gt;Daihatsu&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;: 7&amp;nbsp;923&amp;nbsp;069&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;General Motors&quot;&gt;General Motors&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Chevrolet&quot;&gt;Chevrolet&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opel&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Opel&quot;&gt;Opel&lt;/a&gt;, etc.)&amp;nbsp;: 6&amp;nbsp;259&amp;nbsp;520&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_AG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen AG&quot;&gt;Volkswagen AG&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen&quot;&gt;Volkswagen&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Audi&quot;&gt;Audi&lt;/a&gt;, etc.)&amp;nbsp;: 5&amp;nbsp;964&amp;nbsp;004&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_Renault-Nissan&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Alliance Renault-Nissan&quot;&gt;Alliance Renault-Nissan&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Renault&quot;&gt;Renault&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nissan&quot;&gt;Nissan&lt;/a&gt;, etc.)&amp;nbsp;: 4&amp;nbsp;926&amp;nbsp;857&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford Motor Company&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mazda&quot;&gt;Mazda&lt;/a&gt;, etc.)&amp;nbsp;: 4&amp;nbsp;731&amp;nbsp;286&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Honda&quot;&gt;Honda&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Honda&quot;&gt;Honda&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acura&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Acura&quot;&gt;Acura&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;: 3&amp;nbsp;868&amp;nbsp;546&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Motor&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hyundai Motor&quot;&gt;Hyundai Kia Automotive Group&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hyundai&quot;&gt;Hyundai&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kia_(automobile)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Kia (automobile)&quot;&gt;Kia&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;: 3&amp;nbsp;578&amp;nbsp;374&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABn&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;PSA Peugeot Citroën&quot;&gt;PSA&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peugeot&quot;&gt;Peugeot&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Citroën&quot;&gt;Citroën&lt;/a&gt;)&amp;nbsp;: 3&amp;nbsp;024&amp;nbsp;863&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suzuki&quot;&gt;Suzuki&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;: 2&amp;nbsp;284&amp;nbsp;139&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fiat&quot;&gt;Fiat Group&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fiat&quot;&gt;Fiat&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Lancia&quot;&gt;Lancia&lt;/a&gt;, etc.)&amp;nbsp;: 1&amp;nbsp;990&amp;nbsp;715&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Remarque&amp;nbsp;: GM et Chrysler se sont retrouvés en faillite en 2009, avec à la clef de nombreuses fermetures d&#39;usines à prévoir, ce qui risque de changer sensiblement leur poids dans le futur.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Le_secteur_de_la_vente_d.27automobiles&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Le secteur de la vente d&#39;automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Le secteur de la vente d&#39;automobiles&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La vente d&#39;automobiles représente aussi un important secteur économique. La diffusion de la production automobile est généralement assurée par un réseau d&#39;entreprises indépendantes, pour les constructeurs nationaux, ou via un importateur, avec le même type de réseau, pour les autres. L&#39;importateur peut ne pas être une filiale du fabricant. Le réseau est généralement assuré d&#39;une exclusivité régionale. Ce schéma classique de distribution a été mis à mal par les règles de libre concurrence s&#39;exerçant dans de nombreux pays, et a conduit au développement des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandataire_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mandataire automobile&quot;&gt;mandataires automobiles&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En outre, la consommation automobile représente la part la plus importante du volume des crédits à la consommation, avec, en France, environ&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;40&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;du volume de crédit affecté à l&#39;achat de voitures neuves, et jusqu&#39;à&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;65&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;si on y ajoute les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_d%27occasion&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicule d&#39;occasion&quot;&gt;voitures d&#39;occasion&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-9&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_routi.C3.A8re&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Sécurité routière&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=8&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Sécurité routière&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_et_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_routi%C3%A8res&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Prévention et sécurité routières&quot;&gt;Prévention et sécurité routières&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Dès sa naissance, l&#39;automobile a été perçue comme une invention dangereuse. Son évolution, destinée à répondre à la problématique soulevée par la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9vention_et_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_routi%C3%A8res&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Prévention et sécurité routières&quot;&gt;prévention et la sécurité routières&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;telles qu&#39;elle était perçue au cours des années, a été tortueuse. Hormis la gestion du réseau routier ou du comportement des usagers, les problèmes soulevés sont ceux de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_passive&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité passive&quot;&gt;sécurité passive&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— la protection des occupants en cas d&#39;accident — et de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_active&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité active&quot;&gt;sécurité active&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;— la prévention afin d&#39;éviter l&#39;accident. Historiquement, seul ce dernier aspect a continûment été amélioré&amp;nbsp;; L&#39;amélioration de la sécurité passive n&#39;a commencé que dans les années 1970, période de recrudescence des accidents mortels.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Une_.C3.A9volution_tortueuse&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Une évolution tortueuse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Une évolution tortueuse&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 312px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Tu%C3%A9s-europe-par-milliard-km.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;164&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tu%C3%A9s-europe-par-milliard-km.png/310px-Tu%C3%A9s-europe-par-milliard-km.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;310&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Tu%C3%A9s-europe-par-milliard-km.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Évolution comparative du nombre de tués par milliards de kilomètres parcourus entre différents pays européens.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les premières voitures allaient à la vitesse du cheval mais contrairement à lui, étaient incapables d&#39;être stoppées rapidement, surtout sur un réseau routier inadapté. La difficulté de leur conduite et la peur de cet engin nouveau ont conduit certains pays à légiférer très strictement en la matière, en imposant aux voitures d&#39;êtres précédées d&#39;un homme à pied («&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotive_Act&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Locomotive Act&quot;&gt;Locomotive Act&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;» au Royaume-Uni par exemple)&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-10&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-10&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le changement de perception par le grand public s&#39;est produit lorsque l&#39;automobile s&#39;est démocratisée. Des années 1920 aux années 1960, la sécurité routière, ou son absence, n&#39;émeuvent personne&amp;nbsp;; La vitesse est libre hors agglomération et les comportements inciviques banals. En France, l&#39;hécatombe a connu un sommet en&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1972&quot;&gt;1972&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;avec 16&amp;nbsp;548 morts cette année là, qui est marquée par la création de l&#39;organisme interministériel de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_routi%C3%A8re_(organisme_fran%C3%A7ais)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité routière (organisme français)&quot;&gt;sécurité routière&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-11&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Une baisse significative a été obtenue par la suite grâce à l&#39;amélioration des véhicules, à la mise en place des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitesse_maximale_autoris%C3%A9e_sur_route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vitesse maximale autorisée sur route&quot;&gt;limitations de vitesse&lt;/a&gt;, de l&#39;obligation de port de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceinture_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ceinture de sécurité&quot;&gt;ceinture de sécurité&lt;/a&gt;, grâce à l&#39;extension des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoroute&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Autoroute&quot;&gt;autoroutes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et la réduction de la consommation de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotrope&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Psychotrope&quot;&gt;psychotropes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et notamment l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boisson_alcoolis%C3%A9e&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Boisson alcoolisée&quot;&gt;alcool&lt;/a&gt;, pour être tomber à environ 6&amp;nbsp;000 au début des années 2000.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Cette évolution observable dans les pays développés est loin d&#39;être généralisée. L&#39;augmentation extrêmement rapide du nombre de véhicules en circulation dans les pays en développement (Chine, Inde, etc.) ou l&#39;absence d&#39;intervention pour la sécurité routière dans d&#39;autres (Russie, Iran, etc.), conduit à une mortalité routière toujours en hausse à l&#39;échelle mondiale, et pourrait devenir une des 3 premières causes de mortalité&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-12&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-12&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. L&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_de_la_sant%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Organisation mondiale de la santé&quot;&gt;Organisation mondiale de la santé&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(OMS) a publié en juin 2009 le premier rapport mondial sur la sécurité routière de 178 pays qui conclut que les accidents de la route font chaque année 1,2 million de morts et 20 à 50 millions de traumatismes non mortels. Plus de 90% des accidents ont lieu dans des pays à revenus faibles ou intermédiaires, qui comptent moins de la moitié du parc automobile mondial&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-OMS2009_13-0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-OMS2009-13&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_active&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Sécurité active&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=10&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Sécurité active&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_active&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité active&quot;&gt;Sécurité active&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Collision_Warning_Brake_Support.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;184&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Collision_Warning_Brake_Support.jpg/220px-Collision_Warning_Brake_Support.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Collision_Warning_Brake_Support.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Système&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiblockiersystem&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antiblockiersystem&quot;&gt;ABS&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;couplé à un&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_de_r%C3%A9gulation_de_distance&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Radar de régulation de distance&quot;&gt;radar de régulation de distance&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les évolutions des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_de_v%C3%A9hicule&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suspension de véhicule&quot;&gt;suspensions&lt;/a&gt;, des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatique_(v%C3%A9hicule)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pneumatique (véhicule)&quot;&gt;pneumatiques&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et l&#39;apport de système électronique de contrôle de stabilité et d&#39;autres&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide_%C3%A0_la_conduite&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aide à la conduite&quot;&gt;aides à la conduite&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ont permis des progrès intéressants en matière de tenue de route des automobiles, favorisant la sécurité routière. Les automobiles dont la tenue de route est considérée comme dangereuse par les journalistes automobiles sont devenues rarissimes, alors que leur fréquence dans les années 1960 était plus significative, entre autres à cause de la quasi-disparition de l&#39;architecture à moteur arrière&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-14&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-14&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Il semble que les prochaines améliorations en termes de sécurité porteront moins sur la limitation des dégâts causés par les accidents que sur la limitation du nombre de ceux-ci. En effet, les avancées de l&#39;électronique et les efforts des constructeurs et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quipementier&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Équipementier&quot;&gt;équipementiers&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ont donné le jour à des équipements très sophistiqués qui se sont ou devraient progressivement se généraliser sur tous les véhicules. Le plus connu d&#39;entre eux est l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiblockiersystem&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Antiblockiersystem&quot;&gt;ABS&lt;/a&gt;, système permettant d&#39;éviter le blocage des roues au freinage du véhicule, permettant ainsi de conserver le contrôle de la direction du véhicule&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-15&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-15&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Plus récemment, les constructeurs automobiles tentent de s&#39;attaquer au problème primordial du comportement du conducteur, en intégrant des systèmes actifs destinés à pallier les défaillances de celui-ci, soit en le sollicitant directement (systèmes détectant le niveau de vigilance du conducteur), soit en le remplaçant (par exemple via des systèmes anti-collision pouvant freiner sans l&#39;intervention du conducteur).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;S.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_passive&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Sécurité passive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Sécurité passive&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_passive&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité passive&quot;&gt;Sécurité passive&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 1.4em; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 242px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Vehicle_crash_test_at_the_General_Motors_Vehicle_Safety_and_crash_Worthiness_Laboratory.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;156&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Vehicle_crash_test_at_the_General_Motors_Vehicle_Safety_and_crash_Worthiness_Laboratory.jpg/240px-Vehicle_crash_test_at_the_General_Motors_Vehicle_Safety_and_crash_Worthiness_Laboratory.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Vehicle_crash_test_at_the_General_Motors_Vehicle_Safety_and_crash_Worthiness_Laboratory.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_de_choc&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Essai de choc&quot;&gt;Essai de choc&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;par l&#39;US NCAP d&#39;une automobile General Motors.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les systèmes de sécurité actifs ou passifs précédemment décrits contribuent à produire des voitures plus sûres. L&#39;efficacité de ces systèmes sont testés et mesurés lors d&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essai_de_choc&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Essai de choc&quot;&gt;essais de choc&lt;/a&gt;(ou crash tests) par des organismes internationaux comme l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroNCAP&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;EuroNCAP&quot;&gt;Euro NCAP&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pour la communauté européenne. Une voiture sûre pour ses passagers constitue désormais un argument de vente pour les constructeurs automobiles qui font de gros efforts sur la question.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;De véritables progrès ont été faits depuis quelques années, notamment en ce qui concerne les&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coussin_gonflable_de_s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Coussin gonflable de sécurité&quot;&gt;coussins gonflables de sécurité&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou les ceintures à prétensionneurs évitant un choc violant du conducteur sur le volant. Sur les cabriolets, des arceaux situés derrière les sièges remontent très rapidement lorsque le calculateur estime qu&#39;il y a un risque de retournement. Les constructeurs automobiles travaillent également sur des systèmes encore plus performants. Un important progrès réside dans ce domaine est le fait que le nombre de coussins gonflables est passé de deux à huit en quelques années. Désormais plus aucune voiture ne sort sans en être équipée.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Si les passagers sont de mieux en mieux protégés, ce n&#39;était en revanche pas forcément le cas des piétons. Les nouvelles normes de sécurité prennent en compte les dommages portés à ceux-ci lors d&#39;un choc frontal. Ces changements ont amené les constructeurs à développer des capots et des boucliers avant capables d&#39;absorber une partie de l&#39;énergie du choc afin de limiter les dégâts infligés au piéton. Certains véhicules sont ainsi équipé de déclencheur pyrotechnique qui soulèvent de quelques centimètres le capot lors d&#39;un accident, pouvant éviter ou limiter le choc d&#39;un piéton avec le bloc moteur.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Facteurs_d.27ins.C3.A9curit.C3.A9_des_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Facteurs d&#39;insécurité des automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=12&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Facteurs d&#39;insécurité des automobiles&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critiques_contre_les_v%C3%A9hicules_utilitaires_sport&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Critiques contre les véhicules utilitaires sport&quot;&gt;Critiques contre les véhicules utilitaires sport&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Le rapport entre l&#39;automobile et la sécurité routière ne consiste pas seulement à évaluer la sécurité du véhicule considéré seul, mais aussi à étudier l&#39;interaction entre les véhicules et les accidents. De ce point de vue, les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_tout-terrain&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicule tout-terrain&quot;&gt;4x4&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicule_utilitaire_sport&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicule utilitaire sport&quot;&gt;SUV&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camionnette&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Camionnette&quot;&gt;camionnettes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monospace&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monospace&quot;&gt;monospaces&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sont fréquemment critiqués en raison de l&#39;obstruction du champ visuel des autres conducteurs qu&#39;ils causent. Mais c&#39;est surtout leur dangerosité en cas de collision avec une automobile légère ou un usager vulnérable qui leur est reprochée.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:ARB_Bullbar_JeepLiberty_2005.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ARB_Bullbar_JeepLiberty_2005.JPG/220px-ARB_Bullbar_JeepLiberty_2005.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:ARB_Bullbar_JeepLiberty_2005.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare-buffle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pare-buffle&quot;&gt;pare-buffles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sont fortement critiqués pour leur impact sur les piétons en cas d&#39;accident.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Lors d&#39;une collision entre deux véhicules, ceux-ci doivent dissiper la totalité de leur&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_cin%C3%A9tique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Énergie cinétique&quot;&gt;énergie cinétique&lt;/a&gt;, sous forme d&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_m%C3%A9canique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Énergie mécanique&quot;&gt;énergie mécanique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(déformation des véhicules) ou cinétique (rebond possible d&#39;un des véhicules). L&#39;énergie cinétique étant proportionnelle à la masse, ces véhicules lourds provoquent des dégâts bien supérieurs à ceux d&#39;un véhicule plus léger à vitesse égale. La dangerosité de ce type de véhicules pour les usagers vulnérables, en particulier les piétons, est liée à deux aspects&amp;nbsp;: d&#39;une part leur comportement routier inférieur (capacité d&#39;évitement inférieure, distances de freinage plus longues) augmente le risque de collision avec un piéton dans les zones urbaines où la vitesse est inférieure à&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;60&amp;nbsp;km/h&lt;/span&gt;, et d&#39;autre part la conception de ces véhicules est plus dangereuse pour les piétons lors d&#39;accidents dans des zones où la vitesse est inférieure à&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;60&amp;nbsp;km/h&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-16&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Ce problème avéré de conception est mis en évidence par les tests&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroNCAP&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;EuroNCAP&quot;&gt;Euro NCAP&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de choc avec un piéton, et parfois accentué par un accessoire à l&#39;utilité discutable, le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare-buffle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pare-buffle&quot;&gt;pare-buffle&lt;/a&gt;. Les propriétaires de ces voitures sont donc considérés par certains comme mettant en danger de la vie d&#39;autrui, et faisant le choix de leur&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité&quot;&gt;sécurité&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;propre au détriment de la sécurité des autres usagers de la route, idée contredite par certaines statistiques d&#39;accidents&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-risquesSUV_17-0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-risquesSUV-17&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. À l&#39;opposé, les défenseurs de ce genre de véhicules font valoir qu&#39;une moyenne de comportement ne condamne pas l&#39;ensemble des conducteurs&amp;nbsp;; On ne peut juger un individu coupable par défaut, surtout de rouler dans un véhicule homologué. S&#39;il y a une insuffisance, elle serait alors à chercher dans les objectifs que se fixent les administrations dont le rôle est d&#39;assurer la sécurité de la population.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Environnement&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Environnement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=13&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Environnement&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sha1993_smog_wkpd.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;142&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Sha1993_smog_wkpd.jpg/220px-Sha1993_smog_wkpd.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Sha1993_smog_wkpd.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;À Shanghai, le smog est presque quotidien, la voiture en est une des causes&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Auto_stoped_highway.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Auto_stoped_highway.JPG/220px-Auto_stoped_highway.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Auto_stoped_highway.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Dans le monde, malgré les progrès de la motorisation, l&#39;automobile joue un rôle croissant en matière d&#39;effet de serre et de pollution de l&#39;air.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Lead_Plomb_%C3%A9quilibrateur_voiture.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;98&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Lead_Plomb_%C3%A9quilibrateur_voiture.jpg/220px-Lead_Plomb_%C3%A9quilibrateur_voiture.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Lead_Plomb_%C3%A9quilibrateur_voiture.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;le plomb toxique, facteur de saturnisme a été interdit dans l&#39;essence, mais pas partout, et il persiste dans les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batterie_d%27accumulateurs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batterie d&#39;accumulateurs&quot;&gt;batteries&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et dans les équilibreurs de roues (ici trouvés sur les routes)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_environnemental_des_transports_routiers&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Impact environnemental des transports routiers&quot;&gt;Impact environnemental des transports routiers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La généralisation de l&#39;automobile à l&#39;échelle planétaire depuis la fin du siècle dernier pose des problèmes quant au&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9chauffement_climatique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Réchauffement climatique&quot;&gt;réchauffement climatique&lt;/a&gt;, à la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pollution&quot;&gt;pollution&lt;/a&gt;, à la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sécurité&quot;&gt;sécurité&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et à la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Santé&quot;&gt;santé&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;des personnes et en particulier des plus faibles (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A9ton&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Piéton&quot;&gt;piétons&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cyclisme&quot;&gt;cyclistes&lt;/a&gt;, enfants, personnes âgées, etc.), à l&#39;utilisation des ressources naturelles et en particulier à l&#39;épuisement des réserves de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9trole&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pétrole&quot;&gt;pétrole&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;impact sur l&#39;environnement s&#39;accroît avec l&#39;augmentation du poids de l&#39;automobile. En effet un véhicule lourd a un besoin en énergie plus important qu&#39;un petit. L&#39;aérodynamisme du véhicule devient prépondérant lorsque la vitesse augmente, les véhicules à surface frontale élevée sont alors défavorisés.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;augmentation de la sécurité et du confort, s&#39;il elle n&#39;est pas compensée par des améliorations en termes de construction (carrosserie allégée) et de motorisation, entraîne une augmentation de la consommation. Par exemple, la consommation moyenne des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot_306&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peugeot 306&quot;&gt;Peugeot 306&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;diesel construites entre 1993 et 2002 est de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;6,2&amp;nbsp;ℓ/100 km&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-18&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-18&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, tandis que celle des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peugeot_307&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Peugeot 307&quot;&gt;Peugeot 307&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;diesel construites entre 2001 et 2008 est de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;6,4&amp;nbsp;ℓ/100 km&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-19&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-19&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, et ce malgré l&#39;évolution des moteurs. La voiture moyenne française a vu son poids augmenter jusqu&#39;en 2007, 2008 voit l&#39;amorce d&#39;une diminution. En France, entre 2007 et 2008, la voiture moyenne (&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;95&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;des ventes totales, soit les 120 modèles les plus vendus) a perdu 40 kg pour peser 1253 kg&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-20&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-20&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Une telle variation est liée à la répartition du marché bien plus qu&#39;à l&#39;évolution du poids d&#39;un véhicule d&#39;une gamme donnée.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La recherche d&#39;améliorations sur les moteurs est guidée par deux objectifs contradictoires&amp;nbsp;: les pouvoirs publics imposent des normes environnementales de plus en plus sévères, qui vont à l&#39;encontre de la diminution de la consommation. Par exemple, les obstacles à l&#39;échappement (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot_catalytique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pot catalytique&quot;&gt;pot catalytique&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filtre_%C3%A0_particules&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Filtre à particules&quot;&gt;filtre à particules&lt;/a&gt;) entraînent une augmentation de la consommation. Depuis la prise de conscience publique de l&#39;impact environnemental des automobiles, le niveau de compromis est passé progressivement d&#39;une forte volonté de réduire les polluants locaux, sources directes de maladies et de décès, durant les années 1970 à 1990, à une réglementation axée aujourd&#39;hui vers une diminution des émissions de CO&lt;small style=&quot;font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. L&#39;aspect des polluants locaux est traité à l&#39;échelle européenne par les normes successives d&#39;émissions (dites&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norme_europ%C3%A9enne_d%27%C3%A9mission_Euro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Norme européenne d&#39;émission Euro&quot;&gt;Euro&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;1 à 5), tandis que l&#39;aspect des émissions de CO&lt;small style=&quot;font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;est pour l&#39;instant traité en termes d&#39;objectifs globaux des constructeurs, ou via des législations fiscales nationales.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Pollution_de_l.27air&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Pollution de l&#39;air&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=14&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Pollution de l&#39;air&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;impact environnemental le plus connu est la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_de_l%27air&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pollution de l&#39;air&quot;&gt;pollution atmosphérique&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;due aux gaz d&#39;échappements, qui cause des maladies respiratoires et contribue au&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9chauffement_climatique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Réchauffement climatique&quot;&gt;réchauffement de la planète&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-21&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-21&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Avec les appareils de chauffage domestique, l&#39;automobile est devenue le principal responsable des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smog&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Smog&quot;&gt;smogs&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;urbains, situation chronique dans les capitales asiatiques. Selon l&#39;Agence française de sécurité sanitaire environnementale (&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFSSET&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;AFSSET&quot;&gt;AFSSET&lt;/a&gt;), la pollution atmosphérique, liée pour près d&#39;un tiers aux rejets polluants des voitures,&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-22&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-22&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;serait responsable chaque année du décès de 6&amp;nbsp;500 à 9&amp;nbsp;500 personnes en France&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-23&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-23&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Les principaux rejets des pots d&#39;échappement automobiles sont&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-figaro_24-0&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-figaro-24&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxyde_de_carbone&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dioxyde de carbone&quot;&gt;dioxyde de carbone&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;CO&lt;small style=&quot;font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;qui contribue à l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effet_de_serre&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Effet de serre&quot;&gt;effet de serre&lt;/a&gt;, au réchauffement planétaire et à une modification du climat, mais n&#39;est pas un polluant au sens d&#39;un gaz toxique ou irritant.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoxyde_de_carbone&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Monoxyde de carbone&quot;&gt;monoxyde de carbone&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(CO)&lt;/b&gt;. Il provoque migraines, vertiges, troubles de la vision et diminue l&#39;oxygénation du sang. À forte concentration, il est mortel, d&#39;où le danger de laisser tourner un moteur au ralenti dans un garage clos. Il est rapidement dilué puis dégradé en CO&lt;small style=&quot;font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;dans l&#39;atmosphère&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-25&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-25&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyde_d%27azote&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Oxyde d&#39;azote&quot;&gt;oxydes d&#39;azote&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(NO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;/b&gt;. Chez l&#39;homme, ce gaz irritant diminue les défense immunitaires et altère les fonctions pulmonaires. Il est le précurseur à la formation d&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ozone&quot;&gt;ozone&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dans les basses couches de l&#39;atmosphère, par sa décomposition en présence du rayonnement solaire. L&#39;ozone est un gaz irritant, et toxique à forte concentration.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbures&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Hydrocarbures&quot;&gt;hydrocarbures&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbr%C3%BBl%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Imbrûlé&quot;&gt;imbrûlés&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;(HC)&lt;/b&gt;. Chez l&#39;humain, ils provoquent des affections des voies respiratoires et des allergies. Ils sont les autres précurseurs à la formation de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ozone&quot;&gt;ozone&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_(Particule_en_suspension)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;PM (Particule en suspension)&quot;&gt;particules en suspension&lt;/a&gt;, liées à la combustion dans les moteurs diesel. Les particules de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suie&quot;&gt;suie&lt;/a&gt;, par exemple, accroissent le risque de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maladie_respiratoire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Maladie respiratoire&quot;&gt;maladie respiratoire&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et probablement de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cancer&quot;&gt;cancer&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;selon des études épidémiologiques&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-figaro_24-1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-figaro-24&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Le dioxyde de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soufre&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Soufre&quot;&gt;soufre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;SO&lt;small style=&quot;font-size: 10px; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. Dans les pays où le taux de soufre des carburants est peu ou pas limité, c&#39;est un des principaux responsables des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluies_acides&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pluies acides&quot;&gt;pluies acides&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plomb&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Plomb&quot;&gt;plomb&lt;/a&gt;. Dans les pays et régions où l&#39;adjonction de plomb dans l&#39;essence n&#39;est pas interdite, une large proportion (entre 65 et&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;99&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;des enfants vivant des zones à risque, et environ&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;50&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;même parmi ceux moins exposés) seraient&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Saturnisme&quot;&gt;intoxiqués au plomb&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de manière chronique&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-26&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-26&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. L&#39;introduction de l&#39;essence sans plomb dans les pays développés s&#39;est en effet rapidement traduite par une diminution environ de moitié de la plombémie chez les adultes citadins, pourtant moins sensibles à l&#39;absorption de plomb que les enfants&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-27&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-27&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;Du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benz%C3%A8ne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Benzène&quot;&gt;benzène&lt;/a&gt;. Les transports routiers en général sont de loin les plus gros émetteurs de benzène, et on a constaté en Europe un lien direct entre la baisse de la teneur maximale en benzène dans les carburants (divisée par deux en 2000) et une baisse de la concentration de fond de benzène dans l&#39;atmosphère&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-28&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-28&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Ces rejets sont soumis à réglementations dans différents pays, comme par exemple les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norme_europ%C3%A9enne_d%27%C3%A9mission_Euro&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Norme européenne d&#39;émission Euro&quot;&gt;Norme européenne d&#39;émission Euro&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pour l&#39;Europe. Ces normes sont attachées à des cycles de conduite normalisés, comme le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_European_Driving_Cycle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;New European Driving Cycle&quot;&gt;NEDC&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou ses&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycles_de_conduite_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cycles de conduite aux États-Unis&quot;&gt;homologues américains&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;censés représenter un comportement routier typique. Les seuils adoptés par ces réglementations baissent régulièrement au cours des années.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;V.C3.A9hicules_automobiles_les_moins_polluants&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Véhicules automobiles les moins polluants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=15&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Véhicules automobiles les moins polluants&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Toyota_Prius_III.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;154&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Toyota_Prius_III.JPG/220px-Toyota_Prius_III.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Toyota_Prius_III.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;La&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Prius&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota Prius&quot;&gt;Toyota Prius&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;est emblématique des voitures hybrides.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Selon l&#39;enquête Ecomobiliste de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_transports_et_environnement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Association transports et environnement&quot;&gt;association transports et environnement&lt;/a&gt;, en collaboration avec&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topten&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Topten&quot;&gt;Topten&lt;/a&gt;, les 12 véhicules les moins polluants (hors&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9hicules_%C3%A9lectriques&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Véhicules électriques&quot;&gt;véhicules électriques&lt;/a&gt;) pour l&#39;année 2010 sont&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;1&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Prius&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota Prius&quot;&gt;Toyota Prius&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;1.8 Hybrid avec 89 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;2&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_iQ&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Toyota iQ&quot;&gt;Toyota iQ&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;1.0 ECO avec 99 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;3&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Honda&quot;&gt;Honda&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Insight Hybrid avec 101 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;4&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen&quot;&gt;Volkswagen&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Passat 1.4 TSI DSG EcoFuel&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz_naturel&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gaz naturel&quot;&gt;Gaz naturel&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;avec 95 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;5&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fiat&quot;&gt;Fiat&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Punto EVO / Actual 1.4 NP Gaz naturel 92 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;6&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen&quot;&gt;Volkswagen&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Polo 1.2 TDI CR BlueMotion Filtre Particule avec 87 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;7&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Fiesta 1.25 Greenpower Gaz naturel avec 93 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;8&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Volkswagen&quot;&gt;Volkswagen&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Touran 1.4 TSI DSG Eco Fuel Gaz naturel avec 101 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;9&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ka Greenpower Gaz naturel avec 88 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;10&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nissan&quot;&gt;Nissan&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Pixo visia/acenta 1.0 avec 103 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;11&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suzuki&quot;&gt;Suzuki&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Alto 1.0 avec 103 CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;en g/km&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ate.ch/index.php?id=645&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L&#39;EcoMobiListe 2010&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En 2008, l&#39;Union européenne a décidé d&#39;adopter une limite obligatoire de 120 grammes de CO&lt;sub style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;par kilomètre, à respecter d&#39;ici 2015 pour les fabricants d&#39;automobiles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Autres_impacts_sur_l.27environnement&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Autres impacts sur l&#39;environnement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Autres impacts sur l&#39;environnement&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Abandoned_Car.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Abandoned_Car.JPG/220px-Abandoned_Car.JPG&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Abandoned_Car.JPG&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Voiture abandonnée dans la campagne&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;automobile a d&#39;autres effets négatifs sur l&#39;environnement&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;l&#39;érosion des pistes, qui se traduit par l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empoussi%C3%A8rement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Empoussièrement&quot;&gt;empoussièrement&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;de l&#39;environnement proche,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;need_ref&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Ce passage nécessite une référence.&quot;&gt;une augmentation de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidit%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Turbidité&quot;&gt;turbidité&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;des eaux de ruissellement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em; padding-left: 2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aide:Référence nécessaire&quot;&gt;[réf.&amp;nbsp;nécessaire]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;les impacts directs des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Route&quot;&gt;routes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environnement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Environnement&quot;&gt;environnement&lt;/a&gt;, dont la consommation d&#39;espaces forestiers, agricoles, naturels, urbains&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;la destruction des habitats par les opérations de terrassement, d&#39;extraction de matériaux (bitume);&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortalit%C3%A9_animale_due_aux_v%C3%A9hicules&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mortalité animale due aux véhicules&quot;&gt;mortalité animale&lt;/a&gt;, la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_%C3%A9copaysag%C3%A8re&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fragmentation écopaysagère&quot;&gt;fragmentation écopaysagère&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ou écologique) des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_(%C3%A9cologie)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Habitat (écologie)&quot;&gt;habitats naturels&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;need_ref&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Ce passage nécessite une référence.&quot;&gt;la modification locale du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microclimat&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Microclimat&quot;&gt;microclimat&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;au-dessus et en bordure des routes&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em; padding-left: 2px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Aide:Référence nécessaire&quot;&gt;[réf.&amp;nbsp;nécessaire]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_lumineuse&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pollution lumineuse&quot;&gt;pollution lumineuse&lt;/a&gt;, induite par l&#39;éclairage des routes mais aussi par celui des véhicules&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollution_sonore&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pollution sonore&quot;&gt;pollution sonore&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;la libération de produits toxiques dans l&#39;environnment lors des abandons de véhicules (fuites d&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_moteur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Huile moteur&quot;&gt;huile moteur&lt;/a&gt;, problème des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batterie_au_plomb&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Batterie au plomb&quot;&gt;batteries&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en particulier), ou lors d&#39;incendies&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;le non-recyclage d&#39;une part non négligeable des véhicules (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Pneumatique&quot;&gt;pneus&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en particulier), même ceux mis à la casse légalement.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La massification de l&#39;automobile dans les sociétés occidentales au cours du XX&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle a eu des conséquences sociales nombreuses et profondes. Elle a contribué notamment au développement des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banlieue&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Banlieue&quot;&gt;banlieues&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;puis de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riurbanisation&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Périurbanisation&quot;&gt;périurbanisation&lt;/a&gt;, et au succès du modèle de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_distribution&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Grande distribution&quot;&gt;grande distribution&lt;/a&gt;. Les automobiles ont nécessité une adaptation et un développement considérable du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_routier&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Réseau routier&quot;&gt;réseau routier&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Controverses&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Controverses&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=17&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Controverses&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Critiques&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Critiques&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=18&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Critiques&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activisme_antivoiture&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Activisme antivoiture&quot;&gt;Activisme antivoiture&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 152px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:I-90_and_I-5_cloverleaf_seattle_washington.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;210&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/I-90_and_I-5_cloverleaf_seattle_washington.jpg/150px-I-90_and_I-5_cloverleaf_seattle_washington.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:I-90_and_I-5_cloverleaf_seattle_washington.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Exemple de fragmentation paysagère par un nœud autoroutier aux États-Unis&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Pour les détracteurs de l&#39;automobile, les infrastructures routières engloutissent tous les ans d&#39;importants investissements, défigurent les paysages, dénaturalisent le territoire et menacent les écosystèmes. Selon eux, cet argent, investi dans des moyens de transports alternatifs ou plus communautaires permettraient d&#39;avoir des réseaux de communication plus efficaces et plus durables. Pour certains, l&#39;automobile est également source de pollution sociale, les plus pauvres et les plus fragiles étant les plus directement touchés par les nuisances liées à l&#39;automobile et aux infrastructures routières (bruits, accidents, détours imposés aux piétons et aux cyclistes, relégation urbaine, etc.).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;D.C3.A9fense&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Défense&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=19&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Défense&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1.3em; margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: center; width: 182px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Dorothea_Lange_1936.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; height=&quot;180&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dorothea_Lange_1936.jpg/180px-Dorothea_Lange_1936.jpg&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;180&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.4em; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-top: 3px !important; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; float: right;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Dorothea_Lange_1936.jpg&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; color: #0645ad; display: block; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agrandir&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; height=&quot;11&quot; src=&quot;http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.17/common/images/magnify-clip.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-width: initial; display: block; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;La photographe&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Lange&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Dorothea Lange&quot;&gt;Dorothea Lange&lt;/a&gt;sur le toit d&#39;une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Ford&quot;&gt;Ford&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Model B, en&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1936&quot;&gt;1936&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Si l&#39;automobile est critiquée, pour d&#39;autres elle est au contraire un formidable objet technologique qui évolue en permanence et est de moins en moins polluant. Elle est indispensable à de nombreuses personnes pour travailler et se déplacer; l&#39;industrie automobile, dans laquelle l&#39;Europe et la France continuent d&#39;occuper une place importante au niveau mondial, fournit directement ou indirectement un emploi à des millions de personnes. Enfin, conduire et avoir une voiture peut être un plaisir et doit pour certains rester une liberté qui, pour l&#39;immense majorité des automobilistes, qui sont aussi des piétons ou des utilisateurs d&#39;autres modes de transport, s&#39;exerce dans le respect d&#39;autrui.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La liberté de déplacement (en horaire et en itinéraire) qu&#39;octroie la voiture personnelle la rend en effet plus souple que les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_en_commun&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Transport en commun&quot;&gt;transports collectifs&lt;/a&gt;. Au demeurant, ceux-ci ne peuvent répondre à tous les besoins, notamment dans les endroits éloignés des centres urbains, ou pour tout transport de charges ne serait-ce que modérément lourdes ou volumineuses.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Une autre approche, tenant compte de certains reproches formulées à l&#39;encontre de la voiture personnelle, est en développement depuis le début des années 1990. Face au constat qu&#39;en ville, une automobile ne transporte en moyenne que 1 à 2 personnes, et que d&#39;autre part une voiture personnelle est l&#39;immense majorité du temps à l&#39;arrêt, on a vu se développer les solutions du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covoiturage&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Covoiturage&quot;&gt;covoiturage&lt;/a&gt;, de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autopartage&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Autopartage&quot;&gt;autopartage&lt;/a&gt;, ou plus simplement de la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Location_de_voiture&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Location de voiture&quot;&gt;location de voiture&lt;/a&gt;, qui toutes optimisent l&#39;usage d&#39;un véhicule donné.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Face à ces controverses, mais aussi face à la pression financière ou légale exercée par les états, des associations de défense de l&#39;automobile et des automobilistes sont nées, qu&#39;elles soient historiques ou récentes. Les plus importantes historiquement sont les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_Club&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Automobile Club&quot;&gt;Automobile Club&lt;/a&gt;, nés autour de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;1900&quot;&gt;1900&lt;/a&gt;, dont par exemple l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_Club_de_l%27Ouest&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Automobile Club de l&#39;Ouest&quot;&gt;Automobile Club de l&#39;Ouest&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Automobile_Club&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;L&#39;Automobile Club&quot;&gt;l&#39;Automobile Club&lt;/a&gt;, ou l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAC_(Allemagne)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;ADAC (Allemagne)&quot;&gt;ADAC&lt;/a&gt;, qui avec 15 millions de membres est sans doute le plus important à l&#39;échelle mondiale. Leur travail concerne aussi bien la défense politique que pratique, la promotion du sport automobile ou l&#39;assistance routière, tout particulièrement pour l&#39;ADAC ou le&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touring_Club_Suisse&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Touring Club Suisse&quot;&gt;Touring Club Suisse&lt;/a&gt;. Plus récemment, en réaction aux controverses en augmentation et aux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar_automatique_en_France&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Radar automatique en France&quot;&gt;radars automatiques&lt;/a&gt;, des associations plus revendicatives sont apparues, comme «&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=40_millions_d%27automobilistes&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;40 millions d&#39;automobilistes (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;40 millions d&#39;automobilistes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;».&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Comp.C3.A9titions_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Compétitions automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=20&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Compétitions automobiles&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comp%C3%A9tition_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Compétition automobile&quot;&gt;Compétition automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Dès la naissance de l&#39;automobile, on voit apparaître des courses permettant aux différents pilotes et modèles de se mesurer entre eux. Ces compétitions se multiplient et l&#39;on voit émerger divers types d&#39;épreuves mettant en œuvre des véhicules très différents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Certaines de ces compétitions voient s&#39;affronter des modèles standard commercialisés à grande échelle, mais plus ou moins lourdement modifiés, par exemple les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallye_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rallye automobile&quot;&gt;rallyes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertourisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Supertourisme&quot;&gt;supertourisme&lt;/a&gt;, alors que d&#39;autres mettent en scène des véhicules spécialement conçus pour la course, comme la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formule_1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Formule 1&quot;&gt;Formule 1&lt;/a&gt;, ou les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport-Prototypes&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sport-Prototypes&quot;&gt;Sport-Prototypes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;qui participent aux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_Heures_du_Mans&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;24 Heures du Mans&quot;&gt;24 Heures du Mans&lt;/a&gt;. Le succès dans ces sports dépend tout autant du véhicule et de l&#39;équipe qui le prépare que du pilote. Certaines catégories couronnent d&#39;ailleurs à la fois le meilleur pilote et le meilleur constructeur ou la meilleure écurie.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;La compétition automobile peut être extrêmement physique (&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration_centrifuge&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Accélération centrifuge&quot;&gt;accélération centrifuge&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;en courbe, en phases d&#39;accélération et aux freinages), en F1, il n&#39;est pas rare de dépasser les 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_(acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;G (accélération)&quot;&gt;g&lt;/a&gt;. Un pilote peut perdre jusqu&#39;à cinq kilos lors d&#39;un Grand-Prix ou d&#39;une course d&#39;endurance (déshydratation).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;organisation du sport automobile est chapeautée par la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_de_l%27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fédération internationale de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;Fédération internationale de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(FIA), qui collabore avec des fédérations sportives nationales, dont la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_fran%C3%A7aise_du_sport_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Fédération française du sport automobile&quot;&gt;Fédération française du sport automobile&lt;/a&gt;, qui compte 70&amp;nbsp;000 licenciés. Il existe une variété de compétitions amateur et professionnelles, du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karting&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Karting&quot;&gt;karting&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;aux formules monoplaces, ou du slalom au rallye, en passant par la&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_de_c%C3%B4te&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Course de côte&quot;&gt;course de côte&lt;/a&gt;, ainsi que des filières permettant la progression compétitive des jeunes pilotes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Pratique&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Pratique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=21&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Pratique&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Entretien.2C_r.C3.A9paration.2C_accessoires&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Entretien, réparation, accessoires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=22&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Entretien, réparation, accessoires&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entretien_de_l%27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Entretien de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;Entretien de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;L&#39;entretien et la réparation des automobiles occupe une part importante dans le nombre d&#39;emplois, mais surtout dans le nombre d&#39;entreprises, liées à la filière de l&#39;automobile. Ce sont l&#39;ensemble des concessionnaires,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier_de_r%C3%A9paration_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Atelier de réparation automobile&quot;&gt;garages&lt;/a&gt;, réseaux de vente de pièces détachées et d&#39;accessoires (centres auto ou démolisseurs), pour la plupart des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petites_et_moyennes_entreprises&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Petites et moyennes entreprises&quot;&gt;PME&lt;/a&gt;. C&#39;est aussi, sur la durée de vie d&#39;un véhicule, un coût financier non négligeable. Enfin, lorsqu&#39;une réparation n&#39;est plus possible ou souhaitée, on trouve dans cette filière les professionnels du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclage&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Recyclage&quot;&gt;recyclage&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;des véhicules en fin de vie. Les réseaux d&#39;entretien et de ventes d&#39;accessoires sont aussi associés au phénomène du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuning&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tuning&quot;&gt;tuning&lt;/a&gt;, qui a eu pour effet de donner naissance à des rassemblements durant lesquels les voitures concourent pour leur technique ou leur aspect esthétique.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h4 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 15px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.55em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Contr.C3.B4le_technique&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Contrôle technique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=23&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Contrôle technique&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;detail&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #fdfdfd; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(231, 231, 231); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; border-width: initial; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0.7em; margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-left: 24px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 1px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Article détaillé&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contr%C3%B4le_technique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Contrôle technique&quot;&gt;Contrôle technique&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Dans le cadre de la sécurité routière, de nombreux pays ont estimé nécessaire d&#39;introduire un contrôle technique des véhicules automobiles, qui doit contribuer à améliorer l&#39;état mécanique du parc roulant et à en faire sortir les véhicules dangereux ou trop polluants. Un premier contrôle est effectué après 3 ou 4 ans, puis tous les ans ou tous les 2 ans selon les pays. Le coût du contrôle est très variable, et au&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japon&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Japon&quot;&gt;Japon&lt;/a&gt;par exemple, son coût d&#39;au minimum&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;70&amp;nbsp;000&amp;nbsp;¥&lt;/span&gt;, soit 600 €, incite les usagers à se débarrasser de leur véhicule avant l&#39;échéance&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-29&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-29&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Apprentissage_de_la_conduite&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Apprentissage de la conduite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=24&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Apprentissage de la conduite&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Dès ses débuts, l&#39;automobile a posé un problème de cohabitation avec les autres usagers des rues et des routes. Aussi dès la fin du&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;XIXe siècle&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;romain&quot; style=&quot;font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;&quot;&gt;xix&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;e&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;siècle&lt;/a&gt;, les responsables de la sécurité ont commencé à réglementer son usage&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-30&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-30&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, d&#39;abord par des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permis_de_conduire&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Permis de conduire&quot;&gt;permis de conduire&lt;/a&gt;, puis par le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_de_la_route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Code de la route&quot;&gt;Code de la route&lt;/a&gt;, apparu en France en 1921&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-31&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-31&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;32&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Aujourd&#39;hui, un permis de conduire est requis dans pratiquement tous les pays du monde, mais son obtention, et l&#39;apprentissage de la conduite en général peuvent prendre des formes très différentes. Un âge minimal est requis, souvent celui de la majorité, donc compris entre 16 et 21 ans, pour conduire seul une automobile. L&#39;apprentissage est généralement effectué dans une&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-%C3%A9cole&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Auto-école&quot;&gt;auto-école&lt;/a&gt;, mais il reste, en France, légalement possible d&#39;apprendre la conduite sans passer par ce type d&#39;organismes. Les statistiques de la sécurité routière ayant montré la prépondérance des jeunes conducteurs parmi les accidentés de la route, des mesures spécifiques pour les premières années après l&#39;obtention du permis sont prises dans beaucoup de pays&amp;nbsp;: identification visible des jeunes conducteurs (A en France, L en&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Allemagne&quot;&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suisse&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Suisse&quot;&gt;Suisse&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume-Uni&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Royaume-Uni&quot;&gt;Royaume-Uni&lt;/a&gt;,...), limitations de vitesses abaissées pour eux, ou encore limitation du rapport poids-puissance des véhicules (cas de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Italie&quot;&gt;Italie&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Formation_aux_m.C3.A9tiers_de_l.27automobile&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Formation aux métiers de l&#39;automobile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=25&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Formation aux métiers de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En raison de son importance économique, le secteur de l&#39;automobile, comprenant aussi bien la production que l&#39;entretien, est un très gros employeur. Le seul secteur de la conception et de la production emploie environ&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;1,9&amp;nbsp;million&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;de personnes dans l&#39;Europe des quinze, et&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;1,1&amp;nbsp;million&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;aux USA, soit jusqu&#39;à plus de 10&amp;nbsp;% de la population active dans le cas de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allemagne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Allemagne&quot;&gt;Allemagne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-32&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-32&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Cette importance économique nécessite une filière de formation adaptée.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En France, celle-ci part du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificat_d%27aptitude_professionnelle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Certificat d&#39;aptitude professionnelle&quot;&gt;CAP&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;pour aller jusqu&#39;aux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89coles_d%27ing%C3%A9nieurs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Écoles d&#39;ingénieurs&quot;&gt;écoles d&#39;ingénieurs&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;généralistes telles que les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Centrale&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Groupe Centrale&quot;&gt;Écoles centrales&lt;/a&gt;, ou spécialisées comme l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESTACA&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;ESTACA&quot;&gt;ESTACA&lt;/a&gt;, l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_sup%C3%A9rieure_du_p%C3%A9trole_et_des_moteurs&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs&quot;&gt;École nationale supérieure du pétrole et des moteurs&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;ou l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISAT&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;ISAT&quot;&gt;ISAT&lt;/a&gt;, en passant par des&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevet_d%27%C3%A9tudes_professionnelles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Brevet d&#39;études professionnelles&quot;&gt;BEP&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at_professionnel&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Baccalauréat professionnel&quot;&gt;baccalauréats professionnels&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et des&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevet_de_technicien_sup%C3%A9rieur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Brevet de technicien supérieur&quot;&gt;BTS&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;dont celui de d&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brevet_de_technicien_sup%C3%A9rieur_-_Apr%C3%A8s_Vente_Automobile_(BTS_AVA)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Brevet de technicien supérieur - Après Vente Automobile (BTS AVA)&quot;&gt;après-vente automobile&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;M.C3.A9dias_et_rencontres&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Médias et rencontres&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=26&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Médias et rencontres&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Principaux_salons_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Principaux salons automobiles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=27&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Principaux salons automobiles&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Reflets d&#39;un secteur économique, les salons sont pour ses entreprises l&#39;occasion de rivaliser en grandeur, en innovations... Dans le cas de l&#39;automobile, cela se traduit entre autres par la production de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept-car&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Concept-car&quot;&gt;concept-cars&lt;/a&gt;. Les principaux salons sont&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondial_de_l%27automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mondial de l&#39;automobile&quot;&gt;Mondial de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;, à&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Paris&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_automobile_de_Francfort&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salon automobile de Francfort&quot;&gt;Salon automobile de Francfort&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_international_de_l%27automobile_de_Gen%C3%A8ve&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salon international de l&#39;automobile de Genève&quot;&gt;Salon international de l&#39;automobile de Genève&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_international_de_l%27automobile_d%E2%80%99Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salon international de l&#39;automobile d’Amérique du Nord&quot;&gt;Salon international de l&#39;automobile d’Amérique du Nord&lt;/a&gt;, à&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_(Michigan)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Détroit (Michigan)&quot;&gt;Détroit&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salon_automobile_de_Tokyo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Salon automobile de Tokyo&quot;&gt;Salon automobile de Tokyo&lt;/a&gt;, à&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tokyo&quot;&gt;Tokyo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-33&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-33&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;34&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Presse&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Presse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=28&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Presse&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;En&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;France&quot;&gt;France&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;il existe de nombreux magazines automobile, aussi bien destinés aux professionnels qu&#39;au grand public. Les journalistes spécialisés sont regroupés au sein de l&#39;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_fran%C3%A7aise_de_la_presse_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Association française de la presse automobile&quot;&gt;association française de la presse automobile&lt;/a&gt;. Les magazines automobiles francophones généralistes hors de France sont beaucoup plus rares. Ce secteur se distingue outre ses journaux d&#39;actualité, par un grand nombre de magazines consacrés aux véhicules de collection en général, on bien à un type de véhicule précis (spécialité du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Michel_Hommell#Magazines_Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Groupe Michel Hommell&quot;&gt;groupe Michel Hommell&lt;/a&gt;), et enfin par un large choix de magazines de&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuning&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Tuning&quot;&gt;tuning&lt;/a&gt;. Les plus lus sont&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_Auto_Moto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Action Auto Moto (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Action Auto Moto&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%27Automobile_Magazine&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;L&#39;Automobile Magazine (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;L&#39;Automobile Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Plus&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Auto Plus&quot;&gt;Auto Plus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup class=&quot;reference&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-34&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 0.8em; line-height: 1em; padding-left: 1px; position: relative; top: -5px; vertical-align: text-top;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_note-34&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Parmi les principaux magazines d&#39;actualités, on retrouve&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_Auto_Moto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Action Auto Moto (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Action Auto Moto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%27Argus_de_l%27automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;L&#39;Argus de l&#39;automobile (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;L&#39;Argus de l&#39;automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Auto-Journal&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;L&#39;Auto-Journal&quot;&gt;L&#39;Auto-Journal&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Plus&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Auto Plus&quot;&gt;Auto Plus&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%27Automobile_Magazine&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;L&#39;Automobile Magazine (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;L&#39;Automobile Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Guide_de_l%27auto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Le Guide de l&#39;auto&quot;&gt;Le Guide de l&#39;auto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Québec)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Journal_de_l%27Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Le Journal de l&#39;Automobile&quot;&gt;Le Journal de l&#39;Automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(destiné aux constructeurs et aux équipementiers du secteur automobile)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Moniteur_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Le Moniteur automobile&quot;&gt;Le Moniteur automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Belgique)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Revue_Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;La Revue Automobile (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;La Revue Automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Suisse)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Et parmi les magazines spécialisés&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto_Hebdo&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Auto Hebdo&quot;&gt;Auto Hebdo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;(essais et résultats sportifs)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Auto-R%C3%A9tro&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Auto-Rétro (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Auto-Rétro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobiles_Classiques&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Automobiles Classiques (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Automobiles Classiques&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89chappement_(presse)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Échappement (presse)&quot;&gt;Échappement&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazoline_(magazine)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Gazoline (magazine)&quot;&gt;Gazoline&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Option_Auto&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Option Auto (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Option Auto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;new&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rallye_magazine&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #ba0000; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rallye magazine (page inexistante)&quot;&gt;Rallye magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9troviseur_(magazine)&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Rétroviseur (magazine)&quot;&gt;Rétroviseur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_Auto&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Sport Auto&quot;&gt;Sport Auto&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Notes et références&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=29&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Notes et références&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-column-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;&lt;ol class=&quot;references&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3.2em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-atilf-0&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;↑&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-atilf_0-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-atilf_0-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://atilf.atilf.fr/dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?12;s=1153165845;r=1;nat=;sol=1;&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Automobile&amp;nbsp;» dans le TLFi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://atilf.atilf.fr/dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?12;s=1153165845;r=1;nat=;sol=1;&amp;amp;title=%C2%AB%C2%A0Automobile%C2%A0%C2%BB%20dans%20le%20TLFi&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de « Automobile » dans le TLFi&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-1&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;1901&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Une ou un automobile&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;L&#39;Abeille de la Nouvelle-Orléans&lt;/i&gt;, 23 octobre 1901&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;[&lt;abbr style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help; font-family: monospace; font-size: 7px; font-weight: bold;&quot; title=&quot;Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe&quot;&gt;[pdf]&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://nobee.jefferson.lib.la.us/Vol-132/10_1901/1901_10_0160.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;texte intégral&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://nobee.jefferson.lib.la.us/Vol-132/10_1901/1901_10_0160.pdf&amp;amp;title=texte%20int%C3%A9gral&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de texte intégral&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;(page consultée le 11 novembre 2009)]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ile-de-france.drire.gouv.fr/vehicules/homolo/cnrv/histoire.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le fardier de Cugnot&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.ile-de-france.drire.gouv.fr/vehicules/homolo/cnrv/histoire.htm&amp;amp;title=Le%20fardier%20de%20Cugnot&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Le fardier de Cugnot&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;descriptif détaillé sur le site de la Société des Ingénieurs de l&#39;Automobile (SIA)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-3&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-3&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;«&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;lang-en&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;Parliamentary Intelligence. House Of Commons&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;The Times&lt;/i&gt;, 27 avril 1865&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-4&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-4&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://gazoline.net/article.pcgi?id_article=514&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bollée, Amédée, à toute vapeur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://gazoline.net/article.pcgi?id_article=514&amp;amp;title=Boll%C3%A9e%2C%20Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e%2C%20%C3%A0%20toute%20vapeur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Bollée, Amédée, à toute vapeur&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;gazoline&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-5&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-5&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://pboursin.club.fr/velec/1830a.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Histoire de la voiture électrique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://pboursin.club.fr/velec/1830a.htm&amp;amp;title=Histoire%20de%20la%20voiture%20%C3%A9lectrique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Histoire de la voiture électrique&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Philippe B. de l&#39;Arc&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-6&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-6&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.clutchwizard.com/history_automotive_transmission_clutch.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Histoire des transmissions automobiles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.clutchwizard.com/history_automotive_transmission_clutch.htm&amp;amp;title=Histoire%20des%20transmissions%20automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Histoire des transmissions automobiles&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-7&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;Daniel_Puiboube&quot;&gt;Daniel Puiboube,&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite&gt;Un Siècle d&#39;automobiles en France&lt;/cite&gt;, Sélection du Reader&#39;s Digest&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2709811613&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2709811613&quot;&gt;ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;978-2709811613&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Un+Si%C3%A8cle+d%27automobiles+en+France&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Daniel+Puiboube&amp;amp;rft.au=Daniel+Puiboube&amp;amp;rft.date=2000&amp;amp;rft.tpages=%7B%7B%7Bpages%7D%7D%7D&amp;amp;rft.pub=S%C3%A9lection+du+Reader%27s+Digest&amp;amp;rft.isbn=978-2709811613&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-prod2007-8&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;↑&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-prod2007_8-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-prod2007_8-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2007.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tableau de l&#39;OICA pour la production de véhicules en 2007&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/world-ranking-2007.pdf&amp;amp;title=tableau%20de%20l&#39;OICA%20pour%20la%20production%20de%20v%C3%A9hicules%20en%202007&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de tableau de l&#39;OICA pour la production de véhicules en 2007&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-9&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external free&quot; href=&quot;http://www.cofidis.com/CofidisCom/SHARED/d4m10y2004h18m18s6m370.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.cofidis.com/CofidisCom/SHARED/d4m10y2004h18m18s6m370.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.cofidis.com/CofidisCom/SHARED/d4m10y2004h18m18s6m370.pdf&amp;amp;title=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cofidis.com%2FCofidisCom%2FSHARED%2Fd4m10y2004h18m18s6m370.pdf&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de http://www.cofidis.com/CofidisCom/SHARED/d4m10y2004h18m18s6m370.pdf&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;Rapport global sur le crédit des sociétés spécialisées en France, 1991-2001, p.4]&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-10&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-10&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;G.C3.A9rard_Bordes1979&quot;&gt;Gérard Bordes,&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite lang=&quot;fr&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;Encyclopédie de A à Z&lt;/cite&gt;, Paris, Atlas, 1979&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A9die+de+A+%C3%A0+Z&amp;amp;rft.aulast=G%C3%A9rard+Bordes&amp;amp;rft.au=G%C3%A9rard+Bordes&amp;amp;rft.date=1979&amp;amp;rft.tpages=%7B%7B%7Bpages%7D%7D%7D&amp;amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;amp;rft.pub=Atlas&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, volume 2,&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;page(s)&quot;&gt;p.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;578&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-11&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-11&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/securite-routiere/chronologie.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Chronologie de la sécurité routière en France&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/dossiers/securite-routiere/chronologie.shtml&amp;amp;title=Chronologie%20de%20la%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20routi%C3%A8re%20en%20France&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Chronologie de la sécurité routière en France&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-12&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-12&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;S._Ameratunga.2C_M._Hijar.2C_R._Norton&quot;&gt;S. Ameratunga, M. Hijar, R. Norton, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Road traffic injuries: confronting disparities to address a global health problem&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;The Lancet&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;numéro&quot;&gt;n&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;367, 2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rft.aulast=S.+Ameratunga%2C+M.+Hijar%2C+R.+Norton&amp;amp;rft.au=S.+Ameratunga%2C+M.+Hijar%2C+R.+Norton&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-OMS2009-13&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-OMS2009_13-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/report/web_version_no_annex_fr.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Rapport OMS juin 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.who.int/entity/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/report/web_version_no_annex_fr.pdf&amp;amp;title=Rapport%20OMS%20juin%202009&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Rapport OMS juin 2009&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;(et son&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_NMH_VIP_09.01_fre.pdfr%C3%A9sum%C3%A9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d&#39;orientation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_NMH_VIP_09.01_fre.pdfr%25C3%25A9sum%25C3%25A9&amp;amp;title=d&#39;orientation&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de d&#39;orientation&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-14&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-14&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Claude Got, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.securite-routiere.org/Connaitre/vehicule.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les véhicules&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.securite-routiere.org/Connaitre/vehicule.htm&amp;amp;title=Les%20v%C3%A9hicules&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Les véhicules&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;» sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.securite-routiere.org/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sécurité-routière.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.securite-routiere.org/&amp;amp;title=s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9-routi%C3%A8re.org&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de sécurité-routière.org&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-15&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-15&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;How Anti-Lock Brakes Work&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/auto-parts/brakes/brake-types/anti-lock-brake.htm&amp;amp;title=How%20Anti-Lock%20Brakes%20Work%C2%A0%3F&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de How Anti-Lock Brakes Work ?&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;How stuff works&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/i&gt;. Consulté le 4 novembre 2009&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-16&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-16&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;M._F._Ballesteros.2C_P._C._Dischinger.2C_P._Langenberg&quot;&gt;M. F. Ballesteros, P. C. Dischinger, P. Langenberg, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Pedestrian injuries and vehicle type in Maryland, 1995-1999&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Accident Analysis &amp;amp; Prevention&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;numéro&quot;&gt;n&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;36, 2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rft.aulast=M.+F.+Ballesteros%2C+P.+C.+Dischinger%2C+P.+Langenberg&amp;amp;rft.au=M.+F.+Ballesteros%2C+P.+C.+Dischinger%2C+P.+Langenberg&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-risquesSUV-17&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-risquesSUV_17-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;T._P._Wenzel.2C_M._Ross&quot;&gt;T. P. Wenzel, M. Ross, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;The effects of vehicle model and driver behavior on risk&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Accident Analysis &amp;amp; Prevention&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;numéro&quot;&gt;n&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;37, Mai 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rft.aulast=T.+P.+Wenzel%2C+M.+Ross&amp;amp;rft.au=T.+P.+Wenzel%2C+M.+Ross&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-18&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-18&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external free&quot; href=&quot;http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/348-306.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/348-306.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/348-306.html?esearch=1%26fueltype=1%26vehicletype=1&amp;amp;title=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spritmonitor.de%2Fen%2Foverview%2F36-Peugeot%2F348-306.html%3Fesearch%3D1%26fueltype%3D1%26vehicletype%3D1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/348-306.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-19&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-19&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external free&quot; href=&quot;http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/349-307.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/349-307.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/349-307.html?esearch=1%26fueltype=1%26vehicletype=1&amp;amp;title=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spritmonitor.de%2Fen%2Foverview%2F36-Peugeot%2F349-307.html%3Fesearch%3D1%26fueltype%3D1%26vehicletype%3D1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de http://www.spritmonitor.de/en/overview/36-Peugeot/349-307.html?esearch=1&amp;amp;fueltype=1&amp;amp;vehicletype=1&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-20&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-20&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external free&quot; href=&quot;http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/cure-d-amaigrissement-pour-la-voiture-moins-grosse-et-moins-chere_756123.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/cure-d-amaigrissement-pour-la-voiture-moins-grosse-et-moins-chere_756123.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/cure-d-amaigrissement-pour-la-voiture-moins-grosse-et-moins-chere_756123.html&amp;amp;title=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualites%2F1%2Fcure-d-amaigrissement-pour-la-voiture-moins-grosse-et-moins-chere_756123.html&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de http://www.lexpress.fr/actualites/1/cure-d-amaigrissement-pour-la-voiture-moins-grosse-et-moins-chere_756123.html&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-21&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-21&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;Charles_Raux2007&quot;&gt;Charles Raux,&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite lang=&quot;fr&quot; xml:lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;Les permis négociables dans le secteur des transports&lt;/cite&gt;, France, Transports Recherche Innovation,&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;collection&quot;&gt;coll.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;«&amp;nbsp;Le Point sur&amp;nbsp;», 1&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;février&amp;nbsp;2007, 98&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;pages&quot;&gt;p.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-1100-6441-7&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-1100-6441-7&quot;&gt;ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;978-2-1100-6441-7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://books.google.fr/books?id=mNG1GQAACAAJ&amp;amp;dq=Les+permis+n%C3%A9gociables+dans+le+secteur+des+transports&amp;amp;cd=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;présentation en ligne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://books.google.fr/books?id=mNG1GQAACAAJ%26dq=Les+permis+n%25C3%25A9gociables+dans+le+secteur+des+transports%26cd=1&amp;amp;title=pr%C3%A9sentation%20en%20ligne&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de présentation en ligne&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Les+permis+n%C3%A9gociables+dans+le+secteur+des+transports&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Charles+Raux&amp;amp;rft.au=Charles+Raux&amp;amp;rft.date=2007-02-01&amp;amp;rft.tpages=98&amp;amp;rft.place=France&amp;amp;rft.pub=Transports+Recherche+Innovation&amp;amp;rft.isbn=978-2-1100-6441-7&amp;amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmNG1GQAACAAJ%26dq%3DLes%2Bpermis%2Bn%C3%A9gociables%2Bdans%2Ble%2Bsecteur%2Bdes%2Btransports%26cd%3D1&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-22&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-22&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Selon le rapport technique n°7 de l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_europ%C3%A9enne_de_l%27environnement&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Agence européenne de l&#39;environnement&quot;&gt;Agence européenne de l&#39;environnement&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;du 28 juillet 2008, en anglais, intitulé&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_7/en/LRTAP-Convention-final_for_www.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Annual European Community LRTAP Convention emission inventory report 1990–2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_7/en/LRTAP-Convention-final_for_www.pdf&amp;amp;title=Annual%20European%20Community%20LRTAP%20Convention%20emission%20inventory%20report%201990%E2%80%932006&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Annual European Community LRTAP Convention emission inventory report 1990–2006&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help; font-family: monospace; font-size: 8px; font-weight: bold;&quot; title=&quot;Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe&quot;&gt;[pdf]&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;; le transport routier est responsable de plus d&#39;un tiers des émissions de NOX et CO. La participation des transports routiers à la pollution atmosphérique dépend fortement de la pollution dont on parle. Néanmoins la prépondérance du transport routier à la pollution atmosphérique est soulignée par le rapport&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Sources that were identified as being common key categories for six of the seven main pollutants were Road transportation, Manufacturing industries and construction, National navigation (shipping) Agriculture/forestry/fishing and Residential. The importance of the Road transportation category in terms of the contribution it makes to total EU‑27 emissions is clear — it is the most significant source of NOX, CO, and NMVOCs, and the second most important source for PM10 and PM2.5 emissions.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt;, sixième page.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-23&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-23&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tableaux 7 et 8 en page 45, intitulés&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Nombre de décès attribuables aux particules fines en 2002, dans la population urbaine de plus de 30 ans, par cause de mortalité, et pourcentage attribuable par rapport au nombre total de décès en 1999.&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Ledit pourcentage est de&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;4,9&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;et même&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;jusqu’à&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;11&amp;nbsp;%&lt;/span&gt;des décès survenant dans cette catégorie d&#39;âge [60-69 ans] sont attribuables à la pollution étudiée&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt;, à savoir&amp;nbsp;; celle due aux particules fines, dont le transport routier est le second émetteur, selon l&#39;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_7/en/LRTAP-Convention-final_for_www.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Annual European Community LRTAP Convention emission inventory report 1990–2006&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://reports.eea.europa.eu/technical_report_2008_7/en/LRTAP-Convention-final_for_www.pdf&amp;amp;title=Annual%20European%20Community%20LRTAP%20Convention%20emission%20inventory%20report%201990%E2%80%932006&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Annual European Community LRTAP Convention emission inventory report 1990–2006&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help; font-family: monospace; font-size: 8px; font-weight: bold;&quot; title=&quot;Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d&#39;Adobe&quot;&gt;[pdf]&lt;/abbr&gt;. Rapport&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Impact sanitaire de la pollution atmosphérique urbaine&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;de mai 2004 disponible sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.afsset.fr/index.php?pageid=675&amp;amp;parentid=619&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cette page du site de l&#39;afsset&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.afsset.fr/index.php?pageid=675%26parentid=619&amp;amp;title=cette%20page%20du%20site%20de%20l&#39;afsset&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de cette page du site de l&#39;afsset&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;, en deux parties. Le rapport souligne, via l’article de 2003 de Philippe Hubert&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Pour un meilleur usage du risque attribuable en santé environnementale&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;que de nombreuses incompréhensions proviennent d’une méconnaissance des notions de «&amp;nbsp;décès attribuables&amp;nbsp;» ou «&amp;nbsp;fractions attribuables&amp;nbsp;», dont la simplicité n’est qu’apparente.&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt;. Ce nombre de décès ne s&#39;appliquent qu&#39;à la population urbaine de plus de 30 ans. Le phénomène est donc de ce point de vue potentiellement sous-estimé. Cependant un même décès peut être attribuable à plusieurs causes. C&#39;est pourquoi le rapport de juin 2005 de l&#39;AFSSET indique que&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;citation&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;l&#39;utilisation d’un autre indicateur de l’impact des particules, exprimé sous la forme de la perte d’espérance de vie, est une approche recommandée au niveau européen dans le cadre des projets en appui au programme CAFE (&lt;i&gt;Clean Air for Europe&lt;/i&gt;).&amp;nbsp;»&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-figaro-24&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;↑&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-figaro_24-0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-figaro_24-1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;b&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Le Figaro, 13 octobre 2008, page 32&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-25&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-25&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/envfr/vol356.htm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fiche CO de l&#39;Indian Institue of Science de Bangalore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/HC270799/HDL/ENV/envfr/vol356.htm&amp;amp;title=fiche%20CO%20de%20l&#39;Indian%20Institue%20of%20Science%20de%20Bangalore&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de fiche CO de l&#39;Indian Institue of Science de Bangalore&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-26&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-26&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;Xiao-ming_Shen.2C_John_F._Rosen.2C_Di_Guo_et_Sheng-mei_Wu&quot;&gt;Xiao-ming Shen, John F. Rosen, Di Guo et Sheng-mei Wu, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Childhood lead poisoning in China&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;», dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Science of the Total Environment&lt;/i&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;numéro&quot;&gt;n&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;181, 1996&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;amp;rft.genre=article&amp;amp;rft.atitle=&amp;amp;rft.jtitle=&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Xiao-ming+Shen%2C+John+F.+Rosen%2C+Di+Guo+et+Sheng-mei+Wu&amp;amp;rft.au=Xiao-ming+Shen%2C+John+F.+Rosen%2C+Di+Guo+et+Sheng-mei+Wu&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-27&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-27&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Claudine Parayre, «&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.hcsp.fr/hcspi/docspdf/adsp/adsp-23/ad233233.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le saturnisme&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.hcsp.fr/hcspi/docspdf/adsp/adsp-23/ad233233.pdf&amp;amp;title=Le%20saturnisme&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Le saturnisme&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;» sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Haut Conseil de la Santé Publique&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-28&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-28&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.alsace.drire.gouv.fr/environnement/air/DOSSIER%20PPA%20INTERNET%20DRIRE%20ALSACE%20011007/Projet%20PPA/Document%20fractionne/Fiche%20polluant%20Benzene.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les polluants visés par le décret n°98-360 DU 6 mai 1998 modifié&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.alsace.drire.gouv.fr/environnement/air/DOSSIER%2520PPA%2520INTERNET%2520DRIRE%2520ALSACE%2520011007/Projet%2520PPA/Document%2520fractionne/Fiche%2520polluant%2520Benzene.pdf&amp;amp;title=Les%20polluants%20vis%C3%A9s%20par%20le%20d%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B098-360%20DU%206%20mai%201998%20modifi%C3%A9&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Les polluants visés par le décret n°98-360 DU 6 mai 1998 modifié&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;DRIRE de l&#39;Alsace&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-29&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-29&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.jetsetjapan.com/infozone-trans-auto.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Automobiles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.jetsetjapan.com/infozone-trans-auto.shtml&amp;amp;title=Automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Automobiles&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;JETset Japan Infozone&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-30&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-30&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noarchive&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.quid.fr/2007/Transports_Routiers/Conduite/3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Histoire du permis français&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup style=&quot;line-height: 1em;&quot;&gt;(&lt;i&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.quid.fr/2007/Transports_Routiers/Conduite/3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Archive&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.quid.fr/2007/Transports_Routiers/Conduite/3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Wikiwix&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes#J.27ai_trouv.C3.A9_un_lien_mort.2C_que_faire_.3F&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Projet:Correction des liens externes&quot;&gt;que faire ?&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;le&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Quid&quot;&gt;Quid&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-31&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-31&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.linternaute.com/histoire/motcle/2866/a/1/1/code_de_la_route.shtml&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Création du code de la route&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.linternaute.com/histoire/motcle/2866/a/1/1/code_de_la_route.shtml&amp;amp;title=Cr%C3%A9ation%20du%20code%20de%20la%20route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Création du code de la route&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;ll&#39;Internaute&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-32&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-32&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; id=&quot;Oliver_Heneric.2C_Georg_Licht.2C_Wolfgang_Sofka&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Oliver Heneric, Georg Licht, Wolfgang Sofka,&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite lang=&quot;en&quot; xml:lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;Europe&#39;s automotive industry on the move: competitiveness in a changing world&lt;/cite&gt;, Springer,&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;collection&quot;&gt;coll.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;«&amp;nbsp;ZEW Economic Studies&amp;nbsp;», 8-9&amp;nbsp;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;pages&quot;&gt;p.&lt;/abbr&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/3-7908-1590-X&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/3-7908-1590-X&quot;&gt;ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;3-7908-1590-X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Z3988&quot; title=&quot;ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;amp;rft.genre=book&amp;amp;rft.btitle=Europe%27s+automotive+industry+on+the+move%3A+competitiveness+in+a+changing+world&amp;amp;rft.aulast=Oliver+Heneric%2C+Georg+Licht%2C+Wolfgang+Sofka&amp;amp;rft.au=Oliver+Heneric%2C+Georg+Licht%2C+Wolfgang+Sofka&amp;amp;rft.tpages=8-9&amp;amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;amp;rft.isbn=3-7908-1590-X&amp;amp;rfr_id=info:sid/fr.wikipedia.org:Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-33&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-33&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.worldcarfans.com/9081126.011/geneva-motor-show-2009-all-major-automakers-confirmed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Geneva Motor Show 2009&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/9081126.011/geneva-motor-show-2009-all-major-automakers-confirmed&amp;amp;title=Geneva%20Motor%20Show%202009&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de Geneva Motor Show 2009&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;World Car Fans&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&amp;nbsp;justifie ces 5 salons comme majeurs&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;cite_note-34&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;noprint renvois_vers_le_texte&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile#cite_ref-34&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;↑&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;cite class=&quot;ouvrage&quot; style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.audipresse.fr/media/document/aepm0809/docs/Dossier_de_presse_AEPM_08-09_Resultats.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’audience de la presse magazine titre par titre&lt;/a&gt;&lt;small class=&quot;cachelinks&quot; style=&quot;color: #3366bb;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.audipresse.fr/media/document/aepm0809/docs/Dossier_de_presse_AEPM_08-09_Resultats.pdf&amp;amp;title=L%E2%80%99audience%20de%20la%20presse%20magazine%20titre%20par%20titre&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;archive de L’audience de la presse magazine titre par titre&quot;&gt;archive&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/small&gt;&amp;nbsp;sur&lt;i&gt;Audipresse&lt;/i&gt;. Mis en ligne le 16 septembre 2009, consulté le 30 octobre 2009&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.65em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Voir_aussi&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Voir aussi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=30&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Voir aussi&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; id=&quot;autres_projets&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: right; float: right; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; width: 250px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Sur les autres projets Wikimédia&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;noarchive&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;commons&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Automobile?uselang=fr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;l&#39;automobile&amp;nbsp;», sur&amp;nbsp;Wikimedia Commons&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ressources multimédia)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;dictionary&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Wiktprintable_without_text.svg/25px-Wiktprintable_without_text.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;wikt:automobile&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Automobile&amp;nbsp;», sur le&amp;nbsp;Wiktionnaire&lt;/a&gt;(dictionnaire universel)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;quote&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png); background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 35px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 7px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;extiw&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #3366bb; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;q:Automobile&quot;&gt;«&amp;nbsp;Automobile&amp;nbsp;», sur&amp;nbsp;Wikiquote&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(recueil de citations)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichier:Crystal_Clear_action_info.png&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Crystal Clear action info.png&quot; height=&quot;15&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Crystal_Clear_action_info.png/15px-Crystal_Clear_action_info.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographie_des_marques_par_secteur#Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cartographie des marques par secteur&quot;&gt;Contrôle des principales marques du secteur :&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Automobile&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Bibliographie&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Bibliographie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=31&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Bibliographie&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Leb%C3%A8gue&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Guy Lebègue&quot;&gt;Guy Lebègue&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Du&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrie_spatiale&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Industrie spatiale&quot;&gt;Spatial&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;aux&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travaux_publics&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Travaux publics&quot;&gt;Travaux publics&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;: Les&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conception_et_fabrication_assist%C3%A9es_par_ordinateur&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Conception et fabrication assistées par ordinateur&quot;&gt;Maquettes virtuelles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Applications à la Construction automobile et au Bâtiment&lt;/i&gt;, avec la collaboration de Eric Lebègue,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSTB&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;CSTB&quot;&gt;CSTB&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;et Laurent Lebègue,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNES&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;CNES&quot;&gt;CNES&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;i&gt;Lettre&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAAF&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;AAAF&quot;&gt;AAAF&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Cannes&lt;/i&gt;, spécial mars 2007, publiée sur&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://sd-1.archive-host.com/membres/up/170308460557144264/aaafca_200703_lettre155_spec.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;archive-host.com&lt;/a&gt;, reprise dans&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.aaafasso.fr/DOSSIERSAAAF/DOSS.ACCES_LIBRE/Lettre_acces_libre/Lettres_2007/Lettre_AAAF_n_6_2007.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;La Lettre AAAF&lt;/i&gt;&amp;nbsp;N°6 de juin 2007&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;small&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;International Standard Serial Number&quot;&gt;ISSN&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks noarchive&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://worldcat.org/issn/1767-0675&amp;amp;lang=fr&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1767-0675&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/small&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 class=&quot;modifiedSectionTitle&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: black; font-size: 17px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0.17em; padding-top: 0.6em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;Lien_externe&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;Lien externe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;editsection&quot; style=&quot;float: none; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 5px;&quot;&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;section=32&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier la section : Lien externe&quot;&gt;modifier&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.3em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: monospace; font-size: x-small; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Langue : anglais&quot;&gt;en&lt;/abbr&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://www.netcarshow.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tous les véhicules du monde en images&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse&quot; id=&quot;collapsibleTable0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: auto; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: center; width: 809px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;navboxToggle&quot; style=&quot;float: right !important; font-size: 10px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile&quot; id=&quot;collapseButton0&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[dérouler]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: xx-small; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modèle:Palette Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Voir ce modèle.&quot;&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Discussion modèle:Palette Automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #002bb8; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Discussion sur ce modèle.&quot;&gt;d&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Automobile&amp;amp;action=edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.&quot;&gt;m&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong class=&quot;selflink&quot;&gt;Automobile&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse&quot; id=&quot;collapsibleTable1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #f9f9f9; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: auto; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px; text-align: center; width: 809px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: #ccccff; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;navboxToggle&quot; style=&quot;float: right !important; font-size: 10px; font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile&quot; id=&quot;collapseButton1&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[dérouler]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; text-align: left; width: 6em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: xx-small; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Constructeurs_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Modèle:Palette Constructeurs automobiles&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Voir ce modèle.&quot;&gt;v&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discussion_mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Constructeurs_automobiles&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; color: #0645ad; padding-bottom: 0px !important; padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; padding-top: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Discussion modèle:Palette Constructeurs automobiles&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #002bb8; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Discussion sur ce modèle.&quot;&gt;d&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;·&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;external text&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Constructeurs_automobiles&amp;amp;action=edit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #3366bb; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 13px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;abbr class=&quot;abbr&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: help;&quot; title=&quot;Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.&quot;&gt;m&lt;/abbr&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructeur_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Constructeur automobile&quot;&gt;Principaux constructeurs automobiles&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;classés par groupes, selon leur production 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;ul class=&quot;bandeau-portail&quot; id=&quot;bandeau-portail&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: url(data:image/png; list-style-type: square; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-top: 4px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-element&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em; margin-top: auto; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-icone&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail de l’automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Portail de l’automobile&quot; height=&quot;19&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/TheStructorr_Lamborghini_Gallardo.svg/48px-TheStructorr_Lamborghini_Gallardo.svg.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;48&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-texte&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail:Automobile&quot;&gt;Portail de l’automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;li style=&quot;display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-element&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em; margin-top: auto; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-icone&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:G%C3%A9nie_m%C3%A9canique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail du génie mécanique&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Portail du génie mécanique&quot; height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crankshaftrendering.png/32px-Crankshaftrendering.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;32&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-texte&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:G%C3%A9nie_m%C3%A9canique&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail:Génie mécanique&quot;&gt;Portail du génie mécanique&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;li style=&quot;display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-element&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em; margin-top: auto; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-icone&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail de la route&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Portail de la route&quot; height=&quot;24&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fr/thumb/a/a7/Autoroute_icone2.svg/37px-Autoroute_icone2.svg.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;37&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-texte&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Route&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail:Route&quot;&gt;Portail de la route&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;li style=&quot;display: inline; margin-bottom: 0.1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-element&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: 1.5em; margin-right: 1.5em; margin-top: auto; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-icone&quot; style=&quot;margin-right: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Sport_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail du sport automobile&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Portail du sport automobile&quot; height=&quot;23&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Checkered_flags-fr.svg/15px-Checkered_flags-fr.svg.png&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;15&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;bandeau-portail-texte&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Sport_automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Portail:Sport automobile&quot;&gt;Portail du sport automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;catlinks&quot; id=&quot;catlinks&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; clear: both; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-top: 5px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;mw-normal-catlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Catégorie:Accueil&quot;&gt;Catégorie&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Catégorie:Automobile&quot;&gt;Automobile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;|&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=3135093361222908078&amp;amp;postID=2023981996620561008&quot; id=&quot;mw-hidden-cats-link&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Cet article contient des catégories cachées&quot;&gt;[+]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;visualClear&quot; style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot; id=&quot;mw-head&quot; style=&quot;font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 16px; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; width: 1007px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;p-personal&quot; style=&quot;position: absolute; right: 0.75em; top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;line-height: 1.5em; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 10em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li id=&quot;pt-login&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: url(data:image/png; background-origin: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; float: left; font-size: 0.75em; line-height: 1.125em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 0.75em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-left: 15px !important; text-transform: none; white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;a accesskey=&quot;o&quot; href=&quot;http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;amp;returnto=Automobile&quot; style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;Vous êtes encouragé(e) à vous identifier ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [alt-o]&quot;&gt;Créer un compte ou se connecter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
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