PILOTS FLUENCY

Vamos alcançar Novos Ares! ICAO L4, L5 ou L6!

2011-11-11T16:58:00.005-02:00

PILOTS FLUENCY é um programa de treinamentos on-line ministrado por uma equipe de profissionais de língua estrangeira via Skype para pilotos de aviação no Brasil e no Mundo.
Trabalhamos com treinamentos intensivos focados em resultados.
Estamos em fase de Campanha (Nov/Dez) de Compras Coletivas! Nesta campanha, você pode comprar qualquer um dos nossos pacotes de treinamentos em inglês de aviação ganhando até 70% OFF, ao simplesmente "Curtir" nossa página e indicar nosso trabalho para outros amigos.

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Promo Natal PILOTS FLUENCY

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Participe! Os treinamentos começam em Janeiro!

CLIMB HIGHER - PILOTS FLUENCY COMMERCIAL

2011-08-24T12:21:00.000-03:00

Aquaplaning

2011-08-15T08:28:00.005-03:00

Description

Aquaplaning also known as hydroplaning, is a condition in which standing water causes the moving wheel of an aircraft to lose contact with the surface on which it is load bearing with the result that braking action on the wheel is not effective in reducing the ground speed of the aircraft.
The continued incidence of aquaplaning reduces the braking co-efficient to that of an icy or "slippery" runway - less than 20% of that on a equivalent dry runway.

DOWNLOAD HERE

Causal Factors

A layer of water builds up beneath the tyre in increasing resistance to displacement by the pressure of the wheel. Eventually, this results in the formation of a wedge between the runway and the tyre. This resistance to water displacement has a vertical component which progressively lifts the tyre and reduces the area in contact with the runway until the aircraft is completely water-borne. In this condition, the tyre is no longer capable of providing directional control or effective braking because the drag forces are so low.

Types of Aquaplaning

Dynamic aquaplaning is that which does not begin unless the tyre-pressure moderated ground speed as determined above is exceeded. It leaves no physical evidence on tyre or runway surface.

Viscous aquaplaning arises in the same way as dynamic aquaplaning, but only on abnormally smooth surfaces such as touchdown zones contaminated with excessive rubber deposits where it may begin and continue at any ground speed. Typically, a small amount of water may mix with a surface contaminant. It too leaves no physical evidence on tyre or runway surface.

Reverted rubber aquaplaning occurs when the heat of friction from a locked wheel in contact with the surface causes the reversion of the rubber to its un-cured state and 'boils' the surface moisture into steam. The pressure of the steam raises the centre of the tyre off the surface whilst the edges remain in contact, forming a seal which temporarily traps the steam. The tyre will show clear evidence of rubber reversion and the runway surface will be clearly marked with the path of the wheels as a result of ‘steam pressure cleaning’ beneath the tyre. This is the only type of aquaplaning which leaves physical evidence on the runway surface. It was much more common before anti skid units became widespread and usually only occurs to aircraft so fitted if an emergency brake, which is applied directly rather than through the anti skid units, is used.

PICTURE DESCRIPTION - AVIATION TOPICS

2011-08-06T07:44:00.005-03:00

Hello everyone!
Today I am posting a picture and I`d like you to describe it in as much detail as possible.
You can leave your post here. I`ll feedback as soon as I can.
Take into consideration the following ascpects:

1) what is happening here?
2) how do you think this situation occurred?
3) what do you think will happen next?
4) do you think that runway incursions will increase or decrease at brazilian airports?

SAND STORM

2011-07-25T08:12:00.006-03:00

Definition

Clouds of blowing sand or dust.

Description

Common in arid or semi-arid areas, particularly the Sahara and Arabian peninsula, a sand storm is created by:
An advancing Gust Front
ahead of a Cumulonimbus cloud (typical in the Sahara)
along a cold front where cool air passing over hot ground creates instability in the air above (typical in the US mid-west).
Strong winds: when the wind reaches above the threshold speed needed to lift and transport surface particles.
An advancing sand storm associated with a gust front is a spectacular sight and looks like an advancing wall of swirling sand. The height of this wall can be 1 nm or more; in situations where there is significant atmospheric instability, dust can reach as high as 20,000 feet.
Sand storms move material by three mechanisms:
Suspension - dust and very light sand particles carried, often to great heights by the wind.
Saltation - sand particles vibrate as the wind increases and then bounce along dislodging other particles. In so doing they also become negatively charged, which has the effect of increasing the amount of dust and sand particles becoming dislodged.
Creep - blowing large particles along the ground.
The frequency of sand storms, particularly across the lands bordering the Sahara desert, has increased dramatically over the past few decades, caused by and perhaps a major causal factor behind desertification. It is therefore becoming more commonplace for aircraft to encounter a sand or dust storm when operating in these regions.
The diurnal variation in wind speed is usually significant in the regions where sand storms are common and therefore sand storms do not normally occur at night.

Effects

Sand Storm activity results in reduced visibility and the ingestion of sand and dust particles into engines, pitot static system, conditioning packs, causing blockage and corrosion.
Defences

Awareness. A knowledge of local climatology and the weather forecast for the route to be flown is essential. Schedules should be designed to avoid the times when sand storms are most prevalent.
Plans to deal with the consequences of a sand storm, such as blowing sand across aircraft operating surfaces can be developed by airport authorities.
Typical Scenario

An aircraft carries out an instrument approach to land during a sand storm. Forward visibility is below the limit for visual flight rules but sufficient to land. As the aircraft approaches decision height the pilot can see the approach lights, and can see the hangars and airport buildings, but cannot make out the edge of the runway or see the taxiways which are covered in a blanket of blowing sand. The captain elects to carry out a missed approach and divert.

Solutions

If already on the ground and a sandstorm is approaching:
Consider turning the aircraft into wind and tiedown if the winds are forecast to be strong.
Fit covers to intakes, vents and tubes to prevent ingress of sand and dust. Within the aircraft, cover any areas where the ingress of dust could conceivably interfere with flying controls e.g. throttle quadrant and condition levers.
Before subsequent flight check and clear intakes and vents of any sand and dust. If feasible, vacuum the flight deck to remove as much dust as possible.

Read more at: SKYBRARY

Building an Airbus A340 - the full version

2011-07-15T14:16:00.000-03:00

Aircraft Emergency Evacuation

2011-07-07T18:23:00.013-03:00

Definition

Emergency Evacuation is the urgent abandonment of an aircraft using all useable exits.

Threats

Failure to evacuate the aircraft in a timely manner may lead to the death or injury of crew and passengers. Failure to evacuate an aircraft in an orderly and safe manner may also lead to injuries to passengers.Take a look at this video from Airbus.Airbus successfully completed the passenger evacuation trial on development A380 MSN7, paving the way for the Authorities to certify the aircraft in time for delivery by the end of 2006. During the trial, all of the 873 participants were able to leave the aircraft and reach ground within the 90 seconds prescribed, with half of the 16 doors in operations. The trial was performed under the supervision of the European Aviation and Safety Agency EASA and a representation of the American FAA.

Defences

An inflight fire, smoke or fume emergency will be dealt with as aggressively as possible by the crew and, if appropriate, an immediate diversion to landing will be initiated. If the emergency is not secured, once on the ground, the most appropriate course of action is to remove the passengers and crew from the risk as a precautionary measure. Likewise, in the event of an uncontrolled engine or airframe fire during ground operations, an aircraft crash on a takeoff or landing or any other situation that results in fire or structural failure, the best defence available is an immediate evacuation of the aircraft.

Typical Scenarios

During the takeoff roll, the number two engine fire warning system is activated. The takeoff is rejected and the aircraft is stopped on the runway. Checklist items are carried out but the warnings persist and the tower reports smoke and flames on the right wing of the aircraft. The remaining engine is shut down and an evacuation is initiated. Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (RFFS) arrive on scene within 3 minutes and extinguish the fire. Minor injuries are reported by some passengers as a result of the evacuation
An inflight fire in a rear toilet fills the aircraft with smoke. An emergency is declared and, after some initial evaluation during which time the situation worsens, the aircraft diverts to land at a nearby airport. RFFS are on scene and evacuation is initiated immediately after the aircraft comes to a stop on landing. Flashover occurs before the evacuation is complete resulting in the deaths of many of those on board.

Certification

As part of the certification process, aircraft manufacturers are required to demonstrate that an aircraft, in maximum density configuration, can be completely evacuated within 90 seconds using only half of the total number of emergency exits. Use of only half of the exits simulates the potential for failed evacuation devices or exits blocked due to fire or structural damage. 90 seconds has been established as the maximum evacuation time because tests have shown that, in a post crash fire, conditions conducive to flashover are unlikely to occur within that time span.

Read more at: http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Aircraft_Emergency_Evacuation

VOLCANIC ASHES PART II

2011-06-19T11:16:00.007-03:00

Description

On 15th December 1989, a KLM Boeing 747 encountered a Volcanic Ash cloud over Alaska, USA. the ingestion of ash led to compressor stall of all engines; the engines were subsequently relighted successfully and the aircraft landed safely.

Synopsis

During Descent through FL260 the aircraft flew into a volcanic ash cloud (the result of an eruption of Mount Redoubt). Ash and smoke entered the cockpit and the crew donned Oxygen masks and applied maximum power in an attempt to climb back out of the cloud. One minute later all 4 engines lost power, there was electrical power interruption, a loss of airspeed indication (caused by blocked pitot tubes), and a fire warning alarm for the forward cargo area (caused by the smoke rather than a fire). After 8 or 9 attempts and descent to 13,300 feet, the crew were able to restart the engines and the flight made a safe landing.

The NTSB determined the probable cause as:

"Inadvertent encounter with volcanic ash cloud, which resulted in damage from foreign material (foreign object) and subsequent compressor stalling of all engines. A factor related to the accident was: the lack of available information about the ash cloud to all personnel involved."
Effect of Volcanic Ash on Jet Engines

The following is taken from the proceedings of the First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety, 1991:

"Ingestion of volcanic ash by high performance turbofan engines at operating conditions melts glass shards and some of the minerals that make up the ash. Volcanic glass compositions can show wide variations and still be melted upon ingestion into the engine because of high engine operating temperatures. Operating temperatures must be lowered below the lowest melting temperature (c. 1,000 deg C for glass) to prevent melting of ingested volcanic ash. Reduction of engine operahttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifting conditions to idle settings (c. 600°C) will prevent melting of ingested volcanic ash", an interesting summary of earlier Alaskan aircraft events and a review of the precise ingestion effects on the GE engines in the KLM 744 - "The primary cause of engine thrust loss…was the accumulation of melted and resolidified ash on the stage- 1-turbine nozzle guide vanes. These deposits reduced the effective flow of air through the engine causing compressor stall. Reduction of thrust level while in an ash cloud significantly reduces the rate of engine-performance degradation"

http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/B744.

NEW AVIATION ENGLISH COURSE COMMERCIAL

2011-06-09T14:55:00.001-03:00

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Vocabulary - "NEAR MISS"

2011-05-16T09:23:00.008-03:00

DOWNLOAD HERE
DOWNLOAD PDF HERE
A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage – but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate break in the chain of events prevented an injury, fatality or damage. Although human error is commonly an initiating event, a faulty process or system invariably permits or compounds the harm, and should be the focus of improvement. Other familiar terms for these events is a "close call", or in the case of moving objects, "near collision". The often misunderstood phrase is so-called to stress that not only had things gone remotely off course towards danger, but they had actually only "barely missed" catastrophe. For instance, commercial airliners are considered dangerously close if they are less than 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) apart. If they pass at a quarter mile apart or less, this is a "near miss" because they were extraordinarily near each other when they missed collision.

QUESTIONS:

1 - What is a near miss?
2 - Have you ever heard of one?
3 - In your opinion, what can be done to reduce mid-air collisions?

Leave your post here! Tell us what you think about!

Loss of Separation - ATCO - induced Situations.

2011-05-09T08:41:00.017-03:00

DOWNLOAD I
DOWNLOAD II
Before listening, read these questions first:

* What is Loss of Separation?
* When does it occur?
* What may be the results of it?
* Describe some of the typical scenarios of loss of separation.
* What are the possible solutions for that?

Description
Loss of separation between aircraft sometimes occurs as a result of action taken (or not taken) by the ATCO.

Effects
Loss of separation from other aircraft may result in collision or the need for flight crew to take visual avoiding action at close range to avoid one.
* Injury, especially to cabin crew or passengers, may result from any unusual manoeuvres to avoid a collision.
* Injury to the occupants of an aircraft, especially Cabin Crew, may also result from wake vortex turbulence encounter.

Defences
* Standard Operating Procedures, in the ATSU, which detail procedures to be followed to reduce the chance of loss of separation.
* Onboard aircraft equipment designed to warn of potential collision with other aircraft (ACAS/TCAS).
* Ground-based equipment designed to warn of potential collision with other aircraft: Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA).
* ATC Screen
For ABC123 - the controller spots both PQR265 and XYZ312 but overlooks DEF763

Typical Scenarios
* Flight clearance does not provide adequate separation from other traffic.
* ATCO does not detect developing potential conflict.
* Avoiding action issued is too late or inadequate to provide safe separation.
* Instruction not received or not understood by intended recipient due to breakdown in air-ground communications.

Contributory Factors
* Volume of traffic;
* Military traffic operating out of area in civil airspace and unfamiliar with the applicable airspace rules;
* Failure to pass an IFR aircraft timely traffic information on a VFR aircraft in its vicinity;
* Issue of a VFR clearance in airspace where the only prescribed traffic separation is IFR against IFR when the ability of the VFR aircraft to comply with its clearance and maintain an effective visual lookout may be compromised by weather conditions;
* ATCO Workload.

Solutions
*Improve standard of ATCO training, especially in:
Air-ground communications safety;
Loss of situation awareness;
*Provide more and improved ATC safety nets, e.g. STCA.

Now let`s check these USEFUL PHRASES:
* as a result of - Loss of separation between aircraft sometimes occurs as a result of action taken (or not taken) by the ATCO.
* may result in - "Loss of separation from other aircraft may result in collision."
* may result from - "Loss of separation may result from any unusual manoeuvres to avoid a collision".
* the need for - "...the need for flight crew to take visual avoiding action."
* to be followed to - "...detail procedures to be followed to reduce the chance of loss of separation."

Now it`s your turn to give us some examples for phraseshttp://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gif below (post them here):

* to warn of................................
* does not provide................................
* does not detect.................................
* inadequate to provide...........................
* may be compromised by...........................

SOURCE: SKYBRARY

AVIATION ENGLISH - TODAY!

2011-04-13T17:48:00.001-03:00

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How is your English?

2011-04-13T11:48:00.001-03:00

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2011-04-07T10:49:00.007-03:00

New Facebook Page - Visit Us!

2011-04-04T00:35:00.006-03:00

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PILOTS FLUENCY

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Spanish airport operators call off strike | ATWOnline

2011-03-30T09:57:00.019-03:00

VOCABULARY -
* employees voted to call off - votaram pelo cancelamento.
* to reach a preliminary agreement to - chegaram a um acordo preliminar.
* to vote on... - para votar em...
* planned on - planejados em
* between - entre duas (coisas/pessoas)
* to strike - começar uma greve

READ Transcript HERE-->Spanish airport operators call off strike | ATWOnline

More 20 Words to Improve your Aviation English Vocabulary

2011-03-28T15:19:00.015-03:00

DOWNLOAD FREE!

Hello folks!
Today we bring you some very hot English
words so that you may boost your English Vocabulary!
And the List continues: words from I to P. Here we go!

1. inclinação longintudinal - pitch
2. imcompreensível - unreadable/ garbled
3. infração - discrepancy/ violation
4. inseguro - unsafe/ unreliable
5. lama - slush/ mud
6. livrando nível 130 - leaving FL130
7. manche tipo bastão - stick
8. manete de potência - throttle
9. melhorar - to improve/ to get better
10. Na vizinhança do aeródromo - in the vicinity of the aerodrome.
11. névoa seca - haze
12. névoa úmida - damp haze/ wet fog/ mist
13. nevoeiro de superfície - ground fog
14. nublado - broken
15. obedecer/ cumprir - comply
16. obras em andamento - work in progress
17. ocorrência - occurence
18. pá (hélice) - blade
19. pancada de chuva - rain shower
20. parafuso (entrar em) - to spin in

VOCABULARY for the ICAO Test - FIRE onboard A330.

2011-03-24T07:56:00.016-03:00

FREE MATERIAL!!!!
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Qantas A330 diverts after cockpit fire

A Qantas Airbus A330-200 (VH-EBL), with 147 passengers and 11 crew members on board, was on a scheduled international flight from Manila to Sydney, and cruising about 420 miles (675 km) northwest of Cairns, Australia on 22 March 2011, when there was a small electrical fire in the cockpit.

According to several media reports, the fire was initially extinguished by an automated fire fighting system. The fire flared up several minutes later, and one of the crew members extinguished it with a fire extinguisher. The crew diverted to Cairns and landed about 50 minutes later. According to a Qantas spokesperson, an electrical fault caused smoke and small flames near the left windscreen. None of those on board were injured.

The Australian Transport Safety Bureau, which is Australia's equivalent to the US National Transportation Safety Board, is investigating this Qantas incident.

CROSSWINDS - WHAT IS IT?

2011-03-23T14:59:00.004-03:00

Poorly executed cross wind landings are a major cause of runway excursions. Often the outcome is associated with prevailing runway surface friction being other than dry - maybe wet, often contaminated. Some of the issues apply to the maintenance of direction control, during a take off or a rejected take off, but runway excursion outcomes on departure are much less common and are not specifically considered in this article. Crosswind Landings are a major cause for runway excursions when poorly executed.

HOT! 20 Amazing Aviation English Words - Improve It and Pass the ICAO Test!

2011-03-21T10:20:00.012-03:00

DOWNLOAD MP3: HERE
During the last few days we have decided to post here a series of words in Portuguese with their respective translation into English. Sometimes brazilian pilots can remember the words in Portuguese but not the words in English.
So here we go!

D -
* dano causado por objeto estranho - foreign object damage (F.O.D)
* declinação magnética - magnetic variation
* despachante de voo - flight operation officer/ dispatch
* disperso/esparso - scattered

E
* edifício - building
* emperrado - jammed
* envergadura - wing span/ length
* estabilizador da empenagem de cauda - tail fin

F
* fale mais devagar - speak slower
* faixa de pista - strip
* fosso - trench
* furacao - hurricane

G

* geada - frost
* glissar - slip
* gradualmente - gradually
* guinar - yaw

H

* hélice - propeller/ airscrew
* homologado/certificado - certified
* hora do pouso - landing time
* horário de verão - daylight saving time

Continue reading our posts! And if you like these posts, leave a message here! Thank you!

Super! AE - ABCs - How do you say these words in English?

2011-03-17T11:47:00.007-03:00

A

* aguaceiro / pancada - rainfall
* área de espera - holding bay area
* área de manobras - manouvering area

B

* balizamento lateral de pista - runway edge lights
* bancos de nevoeiro - fog patches

C

* cabrar - to nose up
* caranguejar - to crab
* confirmar - acknowledge/ confirm

ICAO STUDY REVEALS STRONG DEMAND FOR QUALIFIED AVIATION PERSONNEL UP TO 2030

2011-03-15T22:21:00.008-03:00

More than two million jobs are projected for pilots, maintenance personnel and air traffic controllers as a result of the retirement of qualified professionals and the anticipated growth of commercial air transport to the year 2030.

According to a study just published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) - Global and Regional 20-year Forecasts – Pilots, Maintenance Personnel and Air Traffic Controllers, ICAO estimates the number of commercially-operated aircraft will have jumped from 61,833 in 2010 to 151,565 between 2010 and 2030, and the number of departures from around 26 million to almost 52 million. This would more than double the current number of pilots, maintenance personnel and air traffic controllers worldwide.

The ICAO study compares the average number of professionals worldwide that will need to be trained annually with the training capacity of existing facilities. This reveals a shortfall of training capacity equivalent to 160,000 pilots, 360,000 maintenance personn el, and 40,000 air traffic controllers.

DOWNLOAD IT! HERE

Read more at: http://www2.icao.int/en/NewsRoom/Lists/News/DispForm.aspx?ID=35&Source=http://www2.icao.int/en/newsroom/default.aspx

Discovery`s last dance

2011-03-15T09:54:00.002-03:00

(CNN) -- The last chapter in the story of the space shuttle Discovery ended Wednesday as the shuttle landed at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Discovery touched down just before noon ET as planned.

Crowds of onlookers cheered.

The announcer on NASA TV called it "the end of a historic journey" and added, "To the ship that has led the way time and time again we say, 'Farewell, Discovery.'"
Fmr. astronaut reflects on Discovery
Discovery in 'great shape'
RELATED TOPICS

* Space Shuttle Discovery
* NASA

Discovery retires having logged more than 148 million miles in orbit during 39 flights. It spent 365 days in space during its lifetime.

Discovery's first launch was August 30, 1984.

The shuttle undocked from the International Space Station at 8:37 a.m. on Monday, completing a 13-day mission to outfit the space station.

The nearly three-decade shuttle program is scheduled to end later this year.

Charting the cost of security at airports - Airline Business

2011-03-05T05:54:00.011-03:00

Download it:security.mp3
Read the transcripts here:

Charting the cost of security at airports - Airline Business

SUPER PROMO MARÇO & ABRIL

2011-03-03T14:29:00.000-03:00