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AUDIO: Autonomy due to decide on HP bid

2011-11-02T05:44:00.000-07:00

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 11:33 GMT Help

Fears over debt Chinese surface

2011-11-02T01:31:00.000-07:00

October 6, 2011, last updated 04: 28 GMT China market with deep pockets could see slow growth and buoyant, China touted as a White Knight in the world.

But fears are growing that the country can meet its debt crisis as its economy and signs of a slowdown.

Prime weekend urged stronger financial support for small businesses that are missing.

Its a conversation between reports many factories of the private sector are facing bankruptcy due to tightening credit, informal lending operations.

In the eastern city of Wenzhou, a fifth of small businesses to midsize, 360,000 city stops due to lack of cash, reported by China's official Xinhua News Agency on Thursday.

"Efficient means must be taken to contain the trend of usury, crack on illegal fund-raising and handle correctly the problem of collateral, lack of capital to prevent risks from spread and develop regional scale," said Mr. van when visiting the city.

According to media reports, more than 80 businessmen fled town bakpa loans taken from underground banks, owner of a shoe one jumped off a building and killed himself.

' Time bomb '

Continue reading the main story

we take informal lending market most likely short-term time bomb of China's economy, "

end quote Dong Tao, Credit Suisse economists believe it could be the start of a wave of Corporate bankruptcies.

A central concern of China loan informal or shadow banking market-rich individuals and businesses that offer loans at interest rates spanning from 14% to 70%.

Companies and entrepreneurs have turned in this underground, with Chinese banks tightening lending as part of the Government's fight against inflation.

Credit Suisse says it sector statistics was rare, but as total 4 trillion yuan ($ ￡ 627bn; 406bn) is equal to 8% of the formal banking sector-and loans may increase by 50% per year.

He estimates that 60% of informal loans to property developers have with the rest going to other small businesses that need loans bridge.

"We consider formal lending market most likely short-term time bomb of China's economy," Tao Dong, Asia Economist at Credit Suisse, said the report.

"Beijing take decisive measures to deal with active, problem, or the credit crisis is species emerge in our opinion," he says.

Default swaps

Fears of economic slowing down in China has also fuelled a rise in trade of credit default swaps are financial instruments which insure against-risk of debt defaults.

The net value of credit default swaps outstanding bahov Chinese Government rose to US $ 3bn, compared to $ 6bn. two years ago, the Financial Times reported on Thursday.

Investors are worried that China's economy could have a "hard landing" slowed suddenly after years of blistering growth.

The property market is considered to be particularly vulnerable, with home prices soaring over the past two years.

The State raised interest rates three times so far this year and ordered banks to increase their reserves and six times during the same period.

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Lecturers' pension action resumes

2011-11-01T22:12:00.000-07:00

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6 October 2011 Last updated at 23:01 GMT The dispute could escalate to new strikes, the UCU said Lecturers at 67 UK universities are going to re-start a programme of industrial action from 10 October over changes to their pension scheme.

They will start a "work to contract" if the universities do not resume negotiations over the pension changes.

Substantial cuts to the benefits of the Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS) were introduced on 1 October.

The University and College Union (UCU) said 40,000 members at the affected universities might eventually strike.

The union's general secretary, Sally Hunt, said the aim was to force the university employers to renegotiate some of the changes they have just brought in.

"There are key areas that we believe need to be looked at again," she said.

"Examples being accrual rates and another example being redundancy payments for those who are 50 and 55."

The dispute affects staff at the 67 traditional universities which were in existence before 1992, when the former polytechnics and higher education institutions were upgraded to university status.

'Sustained campaign'

The industrial action may be a precursor to more widespread action which has been threatened by unions with members in other parts of the public sector, such as local government, the civil service, NHS, schools, police and the fire service.

The government is trying to press ahead with substantial increases in staff pension contributions, to be followed by full-scale conversion of most of the schemes from their current final-salary basis to become less generous career average schemes.

The lecturers' industrial action will start with a "work to contract" which the UCU said would be the start of a "sustained campaign of industrial action".

Depending on local employment conditions, this might include union members working no more than their contracted hours, not covering other lecturers' classes, and refusing to carry out any additional duties or attend voluntary staff meetings.

"This will affect the universities in very different ways," said a spokesman for the employers body the UCEA (Universities and Colleges Employers Association).

"The changes would be considered moderate by many as they include the retention of a final salary pension for all existing USS members."

The UCU said if the employers refused to start negotiating again at a scheduled meeting later this month, the action might be escalated to a boycott of internal administration, student assessments and even rolling strikes.

Second campaign

The USS pension scheme has 137,000 contributing members at nearly 300 education institutions.

One-day strikes in March, at universities around the country, failed to deter the employers from pressing ahead with the bulk of their pension changes, which have been in train for three years.

So the UCU held a second industrial action ballot last month, which produced a 77% vote in favour on a 42% turnout - even higher than in the union's first ballot earlier this year.

The union said the some of its members would lose ￡100,000 of their pension income over their prospective retirement as a result of the changes.

It said the employers' private aim was to make huge savings by cutting their contribution rate from about 16% of staff salaries to just 10%.

This might be achieved, the UCU said, if the university employers were able, in a few years' time, to impose the career average scheme for new recruits on existing staff as well.

Big changes

The USS changes were brought in from 1 October in a separate process to the one the government has initiated for the other big public sector pension schemes.

The university pension changes were changes were:

A normal pension age of 65 came in for new entrants and for the future service of many existing members. The exceptions to this are those members who were in the scheme before 1 October - and who were also aged 55 or over at that date. They will be exempt from the normal reductions in their accrued pensions that will be imposed if they take their pensions before the age of 65. The normal USS pension age will rise in line with any increases in the state pension age, which is scheduled to rise to 66 by 2020. It is important to note that this will only affect pension built up after April 2020.The employee contribution rate for members of the final-salary section has gone up from 6.35% to 7.5%. Pension increases (for pensions in payment and deferred pensions) will now be inflation-proofed in line with increases in the consumer prices index (CPI) up to 5% a year. But for pensions earned after 1 October 2011, if inflation is more than 5% but less than 15%, the increase in pension will be 5% plus half of the increase above that level. And if inflation is more than 15%, there will be no extra pension increases - they will be capped at 10% a year.A career-average revalued earnings (CARE) benefits structure has been introduced for new entrants. The benefits are still be based upon a 1/80th accrual rate and cash lump sum of three times the pension.The contribution rate for members of the new CARE section is 6.5%. If the overall cost of the scheme rises above 23.5% of salaries, then "cost sharing" will be introduced. This means any further increases in contributions will be shared in the ratio 65:35 between employers and employees respectively.

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Could impact investing help India's poor?

2011-11-01T17:12:00.000-07:00

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 08:34 GMT By Shilpa Kannan BBC News, Delhi Virender wants to grow his business of recycling plastic Sorting out plastic bags collected from rubbish tips is a serious business for Virender Kumar.

Sitting on a pile of plastic bags, he is busy giving directions to the labourers he employs to help him with the recycling.

Once the bags are sorted, he sells them to recycling units to be melted down into plastic pellets.

He makes about 20,000 rupees ($410; ￡262) profit every month. But he has bigger ambitions that need funding.

He says that by working overtime, he saved money to start the recycling unit. But now he wants to hire more people and expand the business.

"But everything needs money," he says. "Banks don't lend to people like me."

India's growing middle class has been a target for many companies, but now another segment of society is increasingly becoming a focus for investors - people living below the poverty line.

But can businesses make a profit and also serve a social purpose?

Loan controversy

People like Mr Kumar are now being wooed by financial institutions such as the Shriram Group.

While millions of people across India have little or no access to formal finance, investment funds which want to make a social impact are lending a helping hand.

These funds invest in people and sectors that traditional banks ignore. It is called "profit with a purpose".

But they are using insurance as a means of helping small businesses rather than loans.

Microfinance, or giving small loans to low-income borrowers, has received a lot of bad press in India recently.

The sector was booming until a spate of suicides by borrowers in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh led to the authorities tightening regulations.

At its peak, the microfinance sector saw almost $7bn in loans distributed to 30 million borrowers, and Andhra Pradesh accounted for a third of the total business.

As a result of the new laws, debt repayments fell drastically and the entire sector is now facing a massive consolidation, and many lenders have been forced to shut up shop.

Microinsurance is different from microfinance as this provides a safety net to prevent people from falling back into poverty.

The International Labour Organisation describes microinsurance as a mechanism to protect poor people against risk (accident, illness, death in the family, natural disasters etc) in exchange for insurance premium payments tailored to their needs, income and level of risk.

If a person earns $5 a day, making $150 a month, and a typical insurance product is under $4 a month, that person is able to, with that very limited amount of capital, free their family up substantially.

Having that extra protection means that instead of sending the children to work to save for a rainy day, they can send them to school.

Capital injection

Leapfrog is a $135m US-based impact investment fund that was set up to invest in companies that underwrite or distribute insurance.

The fund is backed by billionaire George Soros and e-bay founder Pierre Omidyar, as well as a consortium of banks, pension funds and reinsurers.

Leapfrog says that it is a big myth that because people have low incomes they are unable to pay for meaningful products.

"We are looking at the next billion consumers," said Andrew Kuper, co-founder of Leapfrog.

"The consumers who are rising out of poverty and into the middle-classes… aspiring, seeking to acquire financial services and other services that allow them to go on their journey in a more effective way."

He thinks businesses that serve that segment are going to have a massive competitive advantage.

Continue reading the main story

The ability with a very small percent of your income to totally reshape your microeconomic picture is a huge opportunity”

End Quote Andrew Kuper co-founder, Leapfrog "The ability with a very small percent of your income - less than 4% - to totally reshape your microeconomic picture and the daily choices that you and your family make is a huge opportunity.

"What isn't happening is companies getting to grips with the notion that you can serve that population, and we find that it is a very narrow slice of companies. Fortunately we are engaging with them."

More than 85% of Shriram Group's customers are first-time buyers of any financial product. It is the first provider to more than 98% of its customers. The group hopes that the capital injection from Leapfrog will benefit 10 million people in India.

G S Sundararajan, managing director of Shriram Capital, says his company is targeting people with an average annual income of $2,500.

"We already offer financing and investment services to the lower-income masses across India. Now, we plan to increase it even further. We'll be using Leapfrog's expertise to design new insurance products that are more effective for our existing consumers."

Huge potential

Microinsurance is not a new concept in India. The country was one of the first to introduce microinsurance regulation.

The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) made it mandatory for all formal insurance companies to extend their activities to rural and social sectors as early as 2002.

But microinsurance companies face a huge challenge in connecting with customers. Many companies have been trying creative ideas - for example, the Shriram group is using its transport finance wing to connect with truck drivers and sell products to them.

India's biggest fertiliser company, IFFCO, provides free insurance cover to farmers along with each bag of fertiliser purchased. It has a joint venture with Tokio Marine and Nichido Fire Group, the largest listed insurance group in Japan.

It also provides a cattle insurance policy that covers the death of the animal due to accident, disease, surgical operations, strike, riots and even acts of terrorism or an earthquake.

A loan increased Virender's profits by 50%, by helping to pay for a new truck

The potential is huge. A study by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2007 reported that up to 90% of the Indian population, or 950 million people, were excluded from the insurance market and represented a powerful "missing market".

But the private sector is risk-averse when it comes to investing in such people.

And just government resources and charitable donations cannot address the enormous social problems the country faces. Impact investments offer an alternative.

Reducing poverty

Recognising this growing segment, the biggest newspaper in the country, The Times of India, in association with J P Morgan, has announced awards for social impact.

Rahul Kansal is the organiser of the awards and he says that there are opportunities beyond just microinsurance for social impact in the country.

He says that large scale private capital can be channelled to public works.

"Increasingly we are seeing that in a country like India, there are avenues like healthcare, education, civic areas like waste management which need attention."

"The government cannot cope with the size of the problem. This is where organisations both for profit and non-profit can step in."

He thinks this large-scale neglect and need could be the next big investment opportunity.

A loan helped finance a new truck for Virender Kumar, increasing his profits by more than 50%. But he has also got life insurance and accident cover that came bundled with his truck financing, to protect his family.

It is people like him that are benefiting most by impact investments. Reducing poverty requires not just the generation of income among the poor, but also the protection of these incomes.

They are people who are making the transition from the informal to the formal economy - and bringing financial products to them gives them a chance to be included in the country's rapidly growing economy.

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UK banks hit by Moody's downgrade

2011-11-01T13:39:00.000-07:00

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7 October 2011 Last updated at 07:19 GMT Shares in Royal Bank of Scotland have opened sharply down following the downgrade Moody's has downgraded the credit rating of 12 UK financial firms including Lloyds, RBS, Nationwide, and Santander.

Moody's said it now believed the UK government was less likely to support some firms if they got into trouble.

However, the firm emphasised that the downgrades did not "reflect a deterioration in the financial strength of the banking system".

The news sent bank shares lower, with RBS 3.8% off and Lloyds 3.36% down.

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VIDEO: Cargill chief executive on its success

2011-11-01T09:36:00.000-07:00

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 08:43 GMT Help

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VIDEO: Eurozone troubles worry Australia

2011-11-01T06:17:00.000-07:00

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4 October 2011 Last updated at 01:21 GMT Help

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Where are the Occupy Wall Street protests heading?

2011-11-01T02:06:00.000-07:00

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 22:58 GMT By Laura Trevelyan BBC News, New York Commentators are wondering if this movement could become a "Tea Party" for the left As a man known as Mercury puts the finishing touches to his corporate zombie make up, he explains why he's joined the anti-capitalist protests here in the shadow of Wall Street.

"We are inspired by the Arab Spring. Americans have rights but they're too often apathetic."

Welcome to Zuccotti Park, where the leaderless protest is now entering its third week.

Sophie is here to protest about the execution of a Georgia man, Troy Davis.

Will Estrella believes this is his generation's revolution.

And Brian Phillips, a marine turned housing community official, wants to see the Federal Reserve abolished.

The protesters aren't unified in their motivations or their demands, but they're tapping into discontent about inequalities in an America still struggling after one recession and fearful about entering a second.

'We're the 99%'

Brian Phillips, who wears his marine dog tags round his neck, says he has been lied to all his life by officialdom and he's had enough.

The protesters want a change in political and economic culture

That's what made him leave Washington state and his job at a low-income housing unit to come here.

Now Brian is efficiently dealing with media requests.

I tell him that I want to speak to one of the 700 arrested on Brooklyn Bridge on Sunday.

"Arrested Sunday!" calls Brian. Two young men step forward for me to interview.

That's how we communicate, Brian explains, with marine-like efficiency, as to his left a group start the day with yoga.

Police officers stand at the edges of the protesters' encampment, and today at least relations seem cordial enough.

But on Saturday the demonstrators say the police ushered them on to a roadway section of the Brooklyn Bridge rather than the pedestrianised walkway, fenced them in and then arrested them for disorderly conduct.

The NYPD says this isn't correct, and has released a video of the police telling the protesters not to go on the roadway section of the bridge.

Freelance photographer Will Estrella says the police clearly guided him and others on to the bit of the bridge they weren't meant to be on.

The NYPD's tactics for policing this protest have been called into question after a high ranking officer was seen on a YouTube video using pepper spray on demonstrators the weekend before last.

Will Estrella wants this to be a peaceful protest, a theme echoed across Zuccotti Park.

Most of the protesters I saw camping out at Zuccotti Park were young - in their mid-20s. Many have gone from job to job since graduating.

They have known difficult economic times in young adulthood, and they don't like a system which to them seems to reward what they call the "1%" of society.

"We're the 99%", they say.

Their manifesto supports the people of the world against corporate greed, and calls for people to assert their power and create a process to address the problems we face.

In the centre of Zuccotti park, amid the sleeping bags, is the communal food area.

Ange, a 24-year-old redhead who does freelance art work in Manhattan, is helping organise the food for the protesters.

"I like communal decision making, something that comes from the bottom up," she explains. Ange isn't sure how long she'll be here, but she's pleased to be part of a grassroots movement.

Where will this lead? No-one knows. But the protesters say their enthusiasm won't fade with the autumn sunshine.

The question is whether this ad hoc group of protesters - who feel they're getting the short end of the stick while corporate America hoards money - could morph into a political movement, a kind of left wing Tea Party.

The city's unions are now starting to back the protesters, something they didn't at first, suggesting they see the potential here.

Jesse Cooper Levy, a bearded 24-year-old, hopes this movement will influence politics.

His particular concern is what he sees as the corrupting influence of corporate lobbyists on Washington DC.

"What do you want?" I ask the protesters. "Change", comes the answer - a change in political and economic culture.

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VIDEO: Can the eurozone maintain the euro?

2011-10-31T22:46:00.000-07:00

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29 September 2011 Last updated at 21:40 GMT Help

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AUDIO: Euro fund 'like a Ponzi game'

2011-10-31T18:01:00.000-07:00

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 16:11 GMT Help

The euro bailout fund cannot work because already indebted countries like Spain and Italy are contributing to it.

That's the view of Satyajit Das, author of "Extreme Money - Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk".

Speaking to the BBC's Mike Johnson, Mr. Das, a derivatives trader in Sydney for 30 years, said the European Financial Stability Facility is like 'a ponzi game', and that Europe's financially troubled countries will end up borrowing from themselves.

Transcript is below

Satyajit Das: What they have been trying to do is replace the lenders. So because the commercial lenders, which is banks and investors, will no longer buy debt issued by Greece, Ireland or Portugal and increasingly are questioning Spain and Italy, they had to find somebody else to give them the money. The problem is who is going to give them the money?

So they have patched together this European Financial Stability Fund which is a very tenuous process, because it doesn't have any money either, but it's guaranteed by a bunch of countries. But the problem here is that those countries themselves are in need of the money from the funds. It's almost a surreal secularity.

Then there is now the suggestion which was foisted on the Europeans by Timothy Geithner, the U.S. Treasury's Secretary that they ought to take the European Financial Stability Fund and the catch phrase being leverage. So we take a vehicle which doesn't have any money backed by dodgy guarantees, but then they will go and borrow even more money. So, basically, it's almost like a Ponzi game on a large scale.

Mike Johnson: It's an extraordinary thing to get your head around. Let me just get this clear, what we are going to have is a situation where countries which are on the verge of bankruptcy are going to be borrowing money effectively from themselves?

Satyajit Das: That's exactly what's going to happen. I will give you the picture. The European Financial Stability Fund is guaranteed by a whole bunch of countries including, interestingly enough, Spain and Italy. Spain and Italy between them make up 30% of the guarantee of the European Financial Stability Fund.

Now what they are going to do is then the European Financial Stability Fund is going to borrow from the European Central Bank, which has also obviously got support from Spain and Italy, and then lend the money to Spain and Italy. It's almost self dealing raised to an art form. It's abstraction on a level of money which is almost incomprehensible.

Mike Johnson: And is there anyone out there who think this is actually going to work?

Satyajit Das: The only people I think who think that are the politicians in Brussels and a few policymakers because to be very honest they don't have any solutions, and they are now playing almost confidence games to try to actually convince people that this will work. And ultimately it won't work because it all boils down to a simple fact.

At the end of the day, if you are going to do the shuffling of debt, you are going to have to have somebody who is good for the debt and we all know who that is, it is Germany. So they have to actually step up and their taxpayers, their savings have to be used to prop up these other countries. Now the body politic in terms of voters aren't willing to do that.

Mike Johnson: You think Germany, the German people will run out of patience with all of this before long, do you?

Satyajit Das: Well, before they run out of patience, they will run out of money because in the end if you actually look at the amount needed just to get through the next two or three years, if you take Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy, they have maturing debt. This is debt they have issued, about $1.5 trillion between now and the end of 2013.

So all of that money has to be found and at the end if Germany and France and the stronger countries start to take on that burden, their own credit worthiness will be called into question. And if they lose their triple-A ratings, well then the whole game starts to unravel yet again, and it's very difficult to see this having what could be called a happy ending.

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VIDEO: Reaction to Italy credit downgrade

2011-10-31T14:01:00.000-07:00

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 10:30 GMT Help

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Deloitte sued for $7.6bn in US

2011-10-31T10:24:00.000-07:00

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26 September 2011 Last updated at 21:33 GMT It is alleged that Deloitte missed financial fraud at the mortgage company Taylor Bean and Whitaker Giant accounting and consulting firm Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu has been accused of failing to detect fraud during audits of a mortgage firm which failed during the US housing crash.

A trust overseeing now-defunct Taylor, Bean & Whitaker (TBW), and one of the company's subsidiaries, have filed complaints in a Florida court.

They are claiming a combined $7.6bn (￡4.9bn) in losses.

TBW shut down after federal agents raided its headquarters in August 2009.

Deloitte spokesman Jonathan Gandal said the firm rejected the court claims, and that they were "utterly without merit".

'Red flags'

The fraud at Ocala-based TBW began in 2002 and continued until its collapse two years ago.

Seven TBW executives were convicted of federal criminal charges, with former chairman Lee B Farkas sentenced to 30 years in jail.

The lawsuits claim Deloitte's certifications of the TBW books were essential in giving it the appearance of a legitimate mortgage business.

However the lawsuits say TBW was selling false or highly overvalued mortgages, mis-stating its liabilities and hiding overdrawn bank accounts.

"They [Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu] certainly did not do their job," said attorney Steven Thomas, who represents those suing Deloitte.

"This is one of those cases where the red flags are staring you in the face, and you've got to do a lot, and they did not."

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New Sunderland position for Quinn

2011-10-31T06:33:00.000-07:00

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Quinn will focus on Sunderland's business interests overseas Niall Quinn is leaving his role as chairman at Sunderland to take charge of "international development".

Owner Ellis Short will take over as chairman while Quinn focuses on the club's business interests overseas.

Discussing Short, Quinn said: "He'll be a fantastic chairman and taking this role on speaks volumes about his ambition for the club."

Short said: "I can assure our fans that it's the same group of people continuing to lead the club."

Continue reading the main story

It's out of the blue. There's been a lot of restructuring behind-the-scenes at Sunderland. It's an interesting move for Quinn; he's very well respected. Maybe it's a precurser for other big changes that might be made at the club

Former Sunderland striker Marco Gabbiadini on BBC Radio Newcastle

He added: "With financial fair play rules coming into effect, it is essential for the long-term success of the club that we develop interests on a global scale and there's no one better than Niall to sell the ethos of Sunderland to an international audience.

"He has been keen to drive this change for some time and I agree that it's the way forward for us now.

"Assuming the position of chairman is a great honour and I will treat the role as guardian of this club with the utmost respect."

Quinn has been linked with the vacant chief executive role at his former club Manchester City recently.

He added to Sunderland's official website: "This is a great opportunity for us to make the club stronger and I'm delighted that Ellis has agreed to support the plan."

Continue reading the main story Becomes Sunderland chairman in July 2006Appoints Roy Keane as manager a month later, leading to the club's promotion to the Premier League that seasonReplaces Keane with Ricky Sbragia in winter 2008 then brings in current boss Steve Bruce during summer 2009 as club stays in top flight

Sunderland chief executive Margaret Byrne added: "Niall is widely known and hugely respected throughout the world of football.

"His profile, coupled with his vast knowledge of the game and the business, means he is perfectly placed to bring Sunderland to the forefront internationally.

"This new challenge begins immediately as he represents the club at the prestigious Leaders in Football conference in London this week, after which he travels to Korea with [manager] Steve Bruce and Mike Farnan, international marketing director.

"Trips to territories such as Vietnam, India, Abu Dhabi and Africa are also taking place in the coming months."

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US durable goods slip in August

2011-10-31T02:23:00.000-07:00

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28 September 2011 Last updated at 15:05 GMT New orders for US cars and car parts fell sharply in August Orders for big manufactured goods in the US fell slightly in August after a sharp jump in the previous month, due in part to a fall in demand for cars.

Durable goods orders fell by 0.1% to $201.8bn, roughly in line with expectations, after a 4.1% rise in July, the Commerce Department said.

However, plane orders grew strongly for the second month in a row.

The figures come a day after weak housing and consumer confidence data reinforced concerns for the US economy.

On Tuesday, the closely-watched S&P Case Shiller index showed stagnant house prices in July, while the Conference Board's consumer confidence index for September showed no recovery from August's weak level.

'Positive signals'

The durable goods figures from the Commerce Department said new orders for motor vehicles and parts fell by 8.5% between July and August.

This was partially offset by a jump of 23% in aircraft orders.

Analysts said the figures were reassuring, given the large jump in total orders in the previous month.

"The marginal slippage in August after a positive July is not enough to suggest trend has turned negative," said David Sloan at IFR Economics.

"In fact the August breakdown contains some positive signals for business investment."

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Chinese demand boosts Yum profits

2011-10-30T23:10:00.000-07:00

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 01:37 GMT Yum Brands is planning to expand its presence in China even further to cater to growing demand Fast food giant Yum Brands has reported a jump in third-quarter profit as sales at its Chinese outlets continue to grow.

Yum reported a net profit of $383m (￡248m) in the three months to 3 September, up from $357m last year.

The owner of Pizza Hut and KFC said same-store sales in China rose 19% during the period.

With close to 4,200 outlets, China accounts for more than 40% of Yum's profits.

"This tremendous sales growth, combined with our expectation to open a record 600 new restaurants this year, gives us even more confidence our China business model is as strong as ever," said David Novak, chairman and chief executive officer of Yum Brands.

Domestic trouble

While it continues to grow in China and other emerging markets, Yum Brands has been struggling in the US market.

The company said like-for-like sales at its US outlets fell as much as 3% in the third-quarter, resulting in a 16% drop in profit during the period.

"We're obviously disappointed in our US performance," Mr Novak said.

Analysts said the company was still suffering the effects of the lawsuit against Taco Bell earlier this year, over allegations that it used large amounts of additives and little actual meat in its beef products.

Though the company denied the claims and the lawsuit was dropped, it damaged Yum's brand image.

"They've got a job to do PR-wise to repair that," said Jack Russo of investment firm Edward Jones.

"It looks like it's stabilising and we'll get to the point next year where they'll be bouncing up against some easier comparisons so that will help," he added.

Yum said that it was planning to launch innovation and productivity initiatives in the US in a bid to improve sales and profits.

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China in $1.3bn copper mine deal

2011-10-30T19:24:00.000-07:00

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 05:48 GMT China is the world's largest consumer of metals as it fuels its rapid industrialisation China's Minmetal Resources has agreed to buy copper miner Anvil Mining, giving it three copper mines in Africa.

Minmetals, which is a unit of China's largest metals traders, will pay about $1.3bn (￡830m) for the acquisition.

That would amount to a 39% premium on Anvil's closing share price on Thursday in the Toronto stock exchange.

China has been buying up resources around the world from copper to zinc, to support its rapid growth.

"It is very clear that Minmetals has a mandate to make mining investment outside of China," said Andrew Driscoll, head of resource research at CSLA.

Minmetals, which is based in Hong Kong, is backed by the Chinese government.

The Anvil acquisition will give it three copper mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

One of those mines, the Kinsevere mine, is expected to produce 60,000 tonnes of copper cathode a year, Minmetal said in a statement.

Anvil is listed in both Sydney and Toronto. The bid from Minmetals is subject to approval from the Australian government.

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AUDIO: Germany 'committed to eurozone'

2011-10-30T15:18:00.000-07:00

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Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel will today ask her country's politicians to sign off a plan to give more money to Europe's bail out fund.

Peter Altmaier, leader of the parliamentary group for the Christian Democrats, predicts the result and the long term consequences for Angela Merkel.

And Europe editor Gavin Hewitt previews a test of her power and authority.

Get in touch with Today via email , Twitter or Facebook or text us on 84844.

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'Mood darkens' in finance sector

2011-10-30T11:45:00.000-07:00

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 07:13 GMT Financial services firms expect more challenging conditions, the survey said Financial services firms are expected to cut jobs in the next three months after recent volatility on the stock markets "darkened the mood" in the sector, a report has said.

The PricewaterhouseCoopers and CBI survey said that in the three months to September growth in the sector was at its slowest pace since June 2010.

A further slowdown is expected in the coming quarter, the study said.

Sentiment has fallen for the first time since March 2009.

For the first time in two years, firms expect no improvement in profitability.

Numbers employed rose modestly in the most recent quarter, but are expected to fall by the end of the year.

"The recovery in the financial services sector is continuing, but the pace of growth has slowed compared with earlier in the year," said Ian McCafferty, the CBI's chief economic adviser.

"After a torrid couple of months on global financial markets, the mood has clearly darkened. Uncertainty about future demand, worries about the global recovery and shifting regulatory sands are weighing on sentiment.

"With business volumes predicted to slow further and little growth in income expected, firms are planning to reduce their headcount in the next quarter."

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Dhallywood's fight for survival

2011-10-30T06:46:00.000-07:00

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 17:37 GMT By Anbarasan Ethirajan BBC News, Dhaka Sixty local films were made last year in Bangladesh The Bangladeshi film industry, known as Dhallywood, is about to face serious competition.

Ever since its independence from Pakistan in 1971, local cinema halls have been banned from showing Indian films.

It was an attempt to protect the local film-making industry which is worth $20m (￡12.9m).

But in the coming days, cinema halls here will show three Indian Bengali movies and nine more Hindi movies from Bollywood will be screened later.

Even though the move is not permanent, it has angered film-makers, producers and actors and has caused a fight between them and the theatre owners.

"Bollywood is a big institution. Their production cost is 100 times more than our production cost. How can we compete with them?" asks Masud Parvez Sohel Rana, a well-known Bangladeshi actor and director.

"It seems to me like you are asking a flyweight boxer to fight with a heavyweight boxer," he adds.

He says even the one-off screening of Indian movies will put more pressure on the government to lift the ban permanently, and if it happens, the home-grown movie industry will vanish in no time.

Film industry leaders also warn that more than 100,000 people are dependent on the industry and their jobs could be in danger.

Huge losses

However, cinema hall owners argue that they are losing revenue because of the ban.

Bangladeshi cinema owners are keen to show Bollywood movies

It is also because of the falling number of films produced locally.

About a decade ago, Bangladesh produced about 100 movies a year.

But last year, the number dropped to about 60 and it is expected to go down further this year.

"We are not getting enough movies to screen in our cinema halls," says Iftekharuddin Naushad, who owns Madhumita cinema hall in the capital Dhaka.

"As a result, many halls have either been shut down or converted into malls."

In recent years, the number of cinema halls in Bangladesh has reduced from about 1,500 to just over 600.

Many say the business is not sustainable under present circumstances and satellite television channels have been drawing away viewers.

"Our cinema halls are running with one fourth of their capacity and we are incurring huge losses," says Ahasanullah Moni, who owns Razmoni cinema hall.

The Bangladesh Motion Pictures Exhibitors Association has been urging the government to allow Bollywood movies to be screened in local cinemas to inject new life into the business.

"We are not asking to open the floodgate by importing hundreds of films. We want to screen a certain number of good Indian movies, Bollywood films, so that we can have some healthy competition," says Mr Naushad.

Joint production

Some film critics argue that importing Bollywood movies will also have benefits by forcing Dhallywood to improve its standards.

They say the poor scripting, production and technique of Bangladeshi films are driving away viewers from cinema halls.

Bollywood movies are already shown on satellite television channels in Bangladesh.

Pirated DVDs of these films are freely available across the country with Bollywood stars like Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan and Aishwarya Rai are more popular than local actors.

Film Meherjaan include cast and crew from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan

"Without bringing Indian films to the local market, there is no way to revitalise the industry. Actually there is no industry here," says young Bangladeshi director Rubaiyat Hossain.

To overcome the present crisis, Ms Hossain proposes more Indo-Bangla joint production.

Her critically acclaimed film Meherjaan, included cast and crew from Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.

"I don't think I could have brought my film to the present technical level, if I hadn't worked with Indian technicians," says Ms Hossain.

"I have learnt a lot by working with them and we do not have that kind of post-production facilities here in Bangladesh," she adds.

In an age of satellite channels, internet and cell phones, the demand for good and well-made movies is increasing.

So it seems Bangladeshi films cannot avoid competition for very much longer.

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VIDEO: iPhone 5 'critical' for Apple

2011-10-30T03:45:00.000-07:00

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4 October 2011 Last updated at 02:20 GMT Help

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Southern Cross homes transferred

2011-10-30T00:39:00.000-07:00

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30 September 2011 Last updated at 07:57 GMT Southern Cross is to be wound up by the end of the year A third of Southern Cross care homes have been transferred to new operators, the company has announced.

Southern Cross said the transfer of 250 homes would be followed by further transfers in October and November.

Southern Cross was the UK's biggest care home operator, with 752 homes, but ran into difficulties when it was unable to pay its rent to landlords.

In July, the firm said it was to cease trading after all of its landlords said they wanted to leave the group.

The first "wave" of homes have been transferred to about 18 different operators.

Its largest landlord, NHP, which owns 249 of the homes, will be included in the second wave.

NHP is forming a new company with turnaround specialists Court Cavendish to run the homes itself.

Winding up

Southern Cross said it had entered unconditional business purchase agreements covering 70% of its homes, with the remaining 30% still in progress.

It said all the homes would be transferred by the end of the year and the company would be wound up.

The company also announced the resignation of it chairman, Christopher Fisher, who stepped into the role in April to oversee the restructuring process.

"Now that the transfer of homes has commenced, I consider my role complete," Mr Fisher said.

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Wembley 'to break even by 2015'

2011-10-29T20:36:00.000-07:00

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5 October 2011 Last updated at 11:15 GMT By Bill Wilson Business reporter, BBC News Wembley's income is boosted by other, non-sporting events Football Association chairman David Bernstein has said that English football's national stadium, Wembley, will financially break even by 2015, one year later than previously planned.

"Wembley is doing very well, it has been extremely profitable," he said.

Mr Bernstein added that the rebuilt stadium was showing an annual operating profit of between ￡40m and ￡50m.

He said he expected the stadium, built for ￡757m and opened in 2007, to start pumping cash into the game by 2015.

But he said that large interest charges and other continuing costs remained an issue.

The FA, which owns the stadium through its subsidiary Wembley National Stadium Ltd, said earlier this year it envisaged Wembley breaking even in 2014.

But Mr Bernstein told delegates at the Leaders in Football event in London: "By 2015, Wembley should start putting money back into the game, instead of being subsidised by the game."

World-class venue

Preliminary financial figures for 2010 released earlier this month by the FA showed that it paid out ￡22m in net interest during the year, partly to service the loans taken out to build Wembley.

And last year, FA general secretary Alex Horne said the association had budgeted to subsidise Wembley by ￡20m a year in 2010 and 2011 and ￡12m a year in 2012 and 2013.

Wembley's business plan relies on concerts and other events to boost the bottom line, but the FA obviously also sees the stadium as a world-class football venue.

And Mr Bernstein said that this on-field goal had been greatly been helped by the successful staging of the Champions League final at Wembley in May between Barcelona and Manchester United.

"I think that is when the new stadium really came of age," he said.

He also said it was a great vote of confidence in the Wembley when Uefa decided to stage the Champions League final again at the stadium in 2015.

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Zambia president nulls bank sale

2011-10-29T16:45:00.000-07:00

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3 October 2011 Last updated at 17:10 GMT President Sata has begun a mass shake-out of political appointees inherited from his predecessor Newly-elected Zambian President Michael Sata has cancelled the controversial sale of one of the country's banks.

The $5.4bn sale of Finance Bank to FirstRand of South Africa was agreed under his predecessor, Rupiah Banda.

The bank had been seized from its shareholders in 2010 by Zambia's central bank, who alleged illegal and unsound practices.

Mr Sata, whose election ended the 20-year rule of the previous regime, has vowed to shake-up the political system.

After only a week in power, the president has already sacked the head of the central bank, as well as a string of other appointees of the previous government, including the head of the anti-corruption authority.

The original decision of the central bank to strip the bank's shareholders has also been overturned.

"There's no document of sale for Finance Bank and I am directing the ministry of finance to take the bank back to its owners immediately," said Mr Sata.

The bank's chairman, Rajan Mahtani, said he was grateful: "I am happy that Zambian investment has been restored to Zambian investors. It was all politically motivated."

FirstRand, a major South African bank, said it had received no formal notification of the decision and would continue to liaise with the Zambian central bank.

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Ask the experts: Eurozone crisis

2011-10-29T12:21:00.000-07:00

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27 September 2011 Last updated at 22:54 GMT By Laurence Knight & Ian Pollock Business reporters, BBC News Our experts answer your eurozone crisis questions Last month, the BBC asked viewers what questions they had about their finances, particularly given fears about a renewed financial crisis and recession.

Here, BBC journalists Laurence Knight and Ian Pollock answer your questions about how the eurozone debt crisis might affect you.

Why, with the eurozone in crisis, is the pound still so weak against the euro? - Roy Waite, Carentoir, France

Put simply, the UK is in no better shape than the eurozone.

Both currency blocs (and the US for that matter) face the same economic malaise. Debts are too high, particularly household debts, so nobody wants to spend - not consumers, not businesses, not even governments.

That means interest rates in the UK and the eurozone are likely to remain very low for many years, making both currencies an unattractive place for investors to park their cash.

But thanks to the hawkish European Central Bank, eurozone interest rates have actually been somewhat higher than in the UK - and were even rising until recently - helping to push the euro's value up.

High interest rates and a strong euro have of course made things even harder for Greece and other heavily-indebted governments, and markets view their debts as very risky.

But the euro is also home to German government debt - considered an ultra-safe investment by markets.

Even if the more distressed eurozone governments defaulted on their debts, the consequences would be felt well beyond the eurozone's borders, much as the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 was felt outside the US.

And if these countries left the euro, the value of the remaining, more German-dominated euro might actually go up.

How prepared are we, the Bank of England, etc, for a Greek default? - Robert W Warne, Cardiff

Use the dropdown for easy-to-understand explanations of key financial terms:AAA-rating GO The best credit rating that can be given to a borrower's debts, indicating that the risk of borrowing defaulting is miniscule.

Bank of England governor Mervyn King revealed in response to MPs' questions in June that the Bank was working with the Treasury to draw up contingency plans for a Greek default.

He did not give any details of what those plans are, nor have any emerged since.

The direct exposure of UK banks to Greece is fairly limited, but - as with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers - a Greek default could have a number of knock-on effects that affect the UK far more severely.

For example, it could lead to the failure of one or more European banks because of their exposure to Greece, or to a general loss of confidence in global banks, in the euro or in the debts of other over-stretched eurozone governments.

The plan may consider actions such as:

emergency cash loans from the Bank of England to the UK banks, if there is a collapse of market confidence in theminterventions to support other short-term cash markets, such as commercial paper markets, which are used by companies to fund themselvesthe government injecting new loss-absorbing capital into the banks, if they suffer heavy losses because of the failure of a European bank or losses on other eurozone government debtsthe Bank publishing details of an audit currently under way of the UK banks' exposures to the eurozone, in order to reduce uncertainty and restore confidencemonetary stimulus - such as cutting rates to zero and buying up more UK government debt - in order to head off a broader economic downturnemergency tax cuts and/or spending increases by the government for the same purpose, with some of the resulting borrowing to be funded by the Bank of England's debt purchasescurrency interventions if the euro were to drop significantly against the pound.What would happen to euros in bank accounts in non-eurozone countries when/if the eurozone breaks up and turns into two or more different currencies? - Robert, Bath

You should check the terms of your bank account.

So long as the euro continues to exist - minus some members - your account should be unaffected.

If, for example, Greece left the euro, its government would probably pass a law overriding its existing euro contracts, as well as those of Greek banks, companies and individuals, redenominating them all into new drachmas.

Some legal experts have warned of a huge mess in these circumstances, with litigation brought by anyone who lost out on the conversion.

However, most financial contracts specify the law of a particular country as its "governing law". For a bank account in Athens or a Greek government bond, the governing law is Greece. So it would be hard for anyone to argue in court that these contracts should not be redenominated, if the Greek parliament says so.

But an account held in a non-eurozone country is likely to apply the law in that country, or the law of a popular jurisdiction such as England, New York or Germany. So it should be unaffected by a Greek redenomination law, unless your account is with a Greek bank.

If the euro ceased to exist altogether - with even Germany exiting - then what happens depends primarily on your account terms, assuming that they are not governed by the laws of one of the eurozone countries.

Your bank probably would have reserved the right to choose which national currency to use as a successor to the euro. Its choice would then be a commercial decision, based on how much it values its reputation and client relations over its own short-term financial gain.

Where does the European Central Bank get the money from to buy Spanish and Italian bonds? How much do they have available and what will they do if they use it all? - Peter Gray, Hitchin, Herts

Essentially the ECB, together with the "eurosystem" of 17 national central banks, can itself create the money that it uses to buy government debts.

There is therefore no theoretical limit to how much it can buy up.

When the ECB buys an Italian bond, it can pay for it by providing to the bond seller with a newly-created euro deposit at the seller's national central bank.

The seller can then use this deposit as "money" to buy other financial instruments, or it can redeem the deposit for newly-printed euro cash.

Practically, however, there are three limits on how much the ECB can do this.

The central bank's first priority is price stability. Creating new money is typically viewed as inflationary.

The ECB may try to reduce the impact of this money creation by borrowing the newly-created money back from the market, or by selling other assets it owns - German government bonds perhaps.

However, in the current heavily-depressed economy, many economists argue that money creation is not inflationary at all, at least in the medium-term, as banks are simply hoarding the money.

Secondly, the ECB may make losses on the bonds if Italy defaulted on its debts, or if it sold them back to the market at a lower price than it bought them.

The eurosystem has "capital" - money given to it by the eurozone governments when it was set up, plus profits it has made on its operations - of about 80bn euros that can absorb these losses.

But if the losses are too big, the ECB would need to be given new capital by the eurozone governments - something they are not legally obliged to do.

So the ECB may be concerned that any such bail-out could damage its cherished political independence.

Thirdly, the ECB is concerned not to distort markets too much, and in particular, not to discourage fiscal discipline by the Italian or Spanish governments by making it too easy for them to borrow.

I have three Spanish buy-to-let mortgages. I am saving sterling in the hope that the euro will collapse in value, to help pay off one of the mortgages. If a euro member leaves, is this likely to happen? If I default on the other two mortgages, can the bank take the one that I have just paid off? - Michael Sands, Northern Ireland

There are too many missing pieces of information to give you a sensible answer. Are the three properties in Spain or the UK? Is your lender in the UK or Spain? Were the loans in pounds or euros?

Whatever the facts, you appear to be in a hole, and as the former Labour Chancellor Denis Healey once said, in that situation, you should stop digging.

Let's assume the properties are in Spain and you borrowed euros from a UK lender to buy them.

Your suggested strategy is complex and hinges on several different things going your way, which they may not.

Firstly, devaluation of the euro. That might happen if one or more countries left the euro, but equally the euro might in fact strengthen if just the weakest countries such as Greece and the Irish Republic leave.

If Spain left the euro and, presumably, readopted the peseta as the national currency, you might think you would benefit from a probable devaluation of the newly adopted peseta.

But you might still be legally obliged to repay your debts in euros, regardless of the new local currency in Spain. And again, the euro might not devalue but appreciate if Spain left.

So, your guess that economic upheaval will inevitably reduce the value of your euro-denominated debts may not be accurate.

Your ambition to default on two mortgages after paying off just the third is also off beam.

Firstly, it is arguably dishonest.

Secondly, if you borrowed from a UK lender, then unless they were asleep when they lent you the money, they will have a charge over all three properties.

They will be able to chase you for any outstanding debts, once they have seized the two defaulted properties and sold them.

The same applies if you borrowed from a lender in Spain. If you still owe them money after they have seized your two mortgaged homes and sold them, they can still pursue you for the debt, there and here.

If your finances are too distressed, default may be inevitable. But it will not be an easy escape route from the debts you took on.

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Players named in 'cricket scam'

2011-10-29T08:25:00.000-07:00

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